Outline Introduction Cellular mobile communications

Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile Communications

Nguyen Le Hung

Mobile Communications

Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile Communications

Outline Introduction Cellular mobile communications

Outline of Chapter 1

Introduction Development of mobile communication systems Mobile broadband technology evolution Promises and future trends

Cellular mobile communications System model Frequency reuse Cellular concept

Mobile Communications

Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile Communications

Outline Introduction Cellular mobile communications

Development of mobile communication systems Mobile broadband technology evolution Promises and future trends

Development of mobile communications systems

~ 50 Kbps

~ 14 Mbps (downlink), ~ 5.8 Mbps (uplink) code space

~ 1 Gbps (stationary), ~ 100 Mbps (mobile) code

frequency frequency frequency frequency time

time

time

FDMA (1G)
e.g., AMPS ~ 1980s

TDMA (2G)
e.g., GSM ~ 1990s

CDMA (3G)
e.g., W-CDMA ~ 2000s

OFDM, SDMA (4G)

e.g., WiMAX, LTE 2010s

A new signal dimension will be exploited in 5G ?

Mobile Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile Communications 3

Outline Introduction Cellular mobile communications

Development of mobile communication systems Mobile broadband technology evolution Promises and future trends

OFDM versus FDMA

Frequency

Mobile Communications

Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile Communications

Outline Introduction Cellular mobile communications

Development of mobile communication systems Mobile broadband technology evolution Promises and future trends

Mobile broadband technology evolution

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

WCDMA 3GPP

R99

HSDPA

HSPA

LTE

LTE Advanced

CDMA 2000 3GPP2

EVDO Rev A

EVDO Rev B

4G IMT-Advanced

Mobile WiMAX

802.16e R 1.0

802.16e R 1.5

802.16m R 2.0

CDMA based

OFDMA based

Mobile Communications

Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile Communications

Outline Introduction Cellular mobile communications

Development of mobile communication systems Mobile broadband technology evolution Promises and future trends

Promises and future trends

multimedia services: Voice, Video distribution, Realtime videoconferencing, Data, for both business and residential customers: Explosive traffic growth Internet growth, VoIP, VideoIP, IPTV Cell phone popularity worldwide Ubiquitous communication for people and devices Emerging systems opening new applications Unified network: Single distributed network, multiple services, packet architecture

Extracted from Digital Communication lecture notes, McGill Uni. Mobile Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile Communications 6

Outline Introduction Cellular mobile communications

System model Frequency reuse Cellular concept

System model of cellular mobile communications

LTE/LTE Advanced
Singleuser/Multihop: Channel Estimation, Synchronization (CFO), Channel Coding, ...
BTS BTS

Downlink (OFDMA) SingleUser

Multiuser Precoding (SDMA) Usercooperation (cooperative/multihop communications) STBC with highspeed users (large Doppler spread)

Uplink (SCFDMA), limited feedback design Single Cell Network Controller Cognitive radio

BTS

Intercell interference

Relay Multihop

Intercell interference Multicell approach using game theory

BTS BTS

Space Time Block Code: STBC; PeaktoAverage Power Ratio: PAPR; VOFDM

Mobile Communications

Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile Communications

Outline Introduction Cellular mobile communications

System model Frequency reuse Cellular concept

Frequency reuse
The available spectrum is partitioned among the base stations (BSs). A given frequency band is reused at the closest possible distance under a certain requirement of co-channel interference. Smaller cells have a shorter distance between reused frequencies = an increased spectral eciency. Microcells are of great importance in improving spectral eciency. Under frequency-reuse, users in geographically separated cells simultaneously employ the same carrier frequency.

Mobile Communications

Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile Communications

Outline Introduction Cellular mobile communications

System model Frequency reuse Cellular concept

Cellular concept
The cellular layout of a conventional cellular system is quite often described by a uniform grid of hexagonal cells or radio coverage zones. In practice the cells are not regular hexagons, but instead are distorted and overlapping areas. The hexagon is an ideal choice for representing macrocellular coverage areas, because it closely approximates a circle and oers a wide range of tessellating reused cluster sizes. A tessellating reuse cluster of size N can be constructed if = 2 + + 2 , (1)

where and are non-negative integers and . It follows that the allowable cluster sizes are = 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 12, . . . .
Mobile Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile Communications 9

Outline Introduction Cellular mobile communications

System model Frequency reuse Cellular concept

Cellular concept: Multicell layout with frequency-reuse

3-cell

4-cell

7-cell

Macrocellular deployment with 7-cell clusters

Mobile Communications

Macrocellular deployment with 3-cell clusters

Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile Communications

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