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NUE"A GUA DE #E$ASO DE INGLS BSICO. LO %UE SE DEBE SABE# &AS'A ()O BSICO** Incl+,e e e!cicios* Departamento de Ingls #E"IE- O. CON'EN'S O/ ec0i1es2 '3e s0+4en0s 5+s0 /e a/le 0o !e5e5/e! so5e /asic 6no7le4ge s0+4ie4 4+!ing 03ei! sc3ool pe!io4 an4 appl, i0 4+!ing 03e ,ea!. 8.9 $#ONOUNS A p!ono+n is a word that takes the place of a common noun or a proper noun. There are different kinds of pronouns. The words I, ,o+, 3e, s3e, i0, 7e and 03e, are called pe!sonal p!ono+ns. They take the place of nouns and are used as the s+/ ec0 of the verb in a sentence. The s+/ ec0 of a sentence is the person, animal, place or thing that does the action shown by the verb. Personal Pronouns y name is Da1i4. I am the youngest in the family. This is 5, :a03e!. &e is a teacher. This is 5, 5o03e!. S3e is a lawyer. I have a /!o03e! and 07o sis0e!s. '3e, are Peter, !haron and "enny. I have a 4og. I0 is called #ucky. L+c6,, ,o+ are a good dog. $ood morning, c3il4!en% ;o+ may sit down now. ), :a5il, an4 I live in a big city. -e have an apartment. The words 5e, ,o+, 3i5, 3e!, i0, +s and 03e5 are also personal pronouns. They also take the place of nouns. These pronouns are used as the o/ ec0 of the verb in a sentence. I am standing on my head. #ook at 5e. ), 5o03e! is kind. &verybody likes 3e!. Lisa, I told ,o+ to tidy your bed% S3a!on an4 <enn,% Dad is waiting for ,o+% L+c6, an4 I are playing in the park. Dad is watching +s. ;o+ must not play with 03e 6ni:e. $ive i0 to 5e. Pick up ,o+! 0o,s and put 03e5 away. Ba/, /i!4s cannot fly.
other bird has to feed 03e5. 'o5 likes riding 5, /ic,cle. I sometimes lend i0 to 3i5. There are three groups of pronouns' :i!s0 pe!son, secon4 pe!son and 03i!4 pe!son. The pe!son spea6ing is called the :i!s0 pe!son. The first(person pronouns are I or 5e )in the singular* and 7e or +s )in the plural*. The pe!son spo6en 0o is called the secon4 pe!son. The second(person pronoun is ,o+ )in both singular and plural*. The pe!son )or ani5al, or 03ing* spo6en a/o+0 is called the 03i!4 pe!son. The third( person pronouns are 3e or 3i5, s3e or 3e!, and i0 )in the singular*, and 03e, or 03e5 )in the plural*. The word I is always spelled with a capital letter. The pronoun 3e is used for men and boys, s3e for women and girls, and i0 for things and animals. +ere is a table to help you. S+/ ec0 O/ ec0 .i!s0 pe!son sing+la!2 I , me Secon4 pe!son sing+la!2 you , you '3i!4 pe!son sing+la!2 he ,him, she , her, it , it .i!s0 pe!son pl+!al2 we , us Secon4 pe!son pl+!al2 you , you '3i!4 pe!son pl+!al2 they , them IN'E##OGA'I"E $#ONOUNS The words 73o, 73o5, 73ose, 73a0 and 73ic3 are called interrogative pronouns. These pronouns are used to ask -uestions. -3o -3o is he talking to. -3o are those people. -3o5 -3o5 are you playing with. -3o5 is he talking to. -3a0 -3a0 is your dog/s name. -3a0 are you talking about. -3a0 is the time. -3ic3 -3ic3 of these bags is yours. -3ic3 do you prefer.
#E.LE=I"E $#ONOUNS The words 5,sel:, ,o+!sel:, 3i5sel:, 3e!sel:, i0sel:, o+!sel1es, ,o+!sel1es and 03e5sel1es are called !e:lexi1e p!ono+ns. They refer to the person or animal that is the sub0ect of the verb. 1efle2ive Pronouns I made this cake 5,sel:. 3e careful with the knife. ;o+/ll cut ,o+!sel:. )ic3ael is looking at 3i5sel: in the mirror. S+san has hurt 3e!sel:. 4ur ca0 washes i0sel: after each meal. -e organi5ed the party all by o+!sel1es. 6ome in, c3il4!en, and find ,o+!sel1es a seat. Ba/, /i!4s are too young to look after 03e5sel1es. Sing+la! .i!s0 pe!son Secon4 pe!son '3i!4 pe!son themselves )she, her* herself )it* itself $l+!al )I,me* myself )you* yourself )he, him* himself )we,us* ourselves )you* yourselves )they, them*
DE)ONS'#A'I"E $#ONOUNS The words 03is, 03ese, 03a0 and 03ose are called 4e5ons0!a0i1e p!ono+ns. They are showing words. '3a0 is "ohn/s house. '3a0 is a mountain. '3ose are horses. 7hat are 03ose. 7e can do better than 03a0. 8o, 03a0/s not mine. '3a0/s ama5ing%
+ello, who is 03a0 speaking, please. +ello, is 03a0 you, $eorge. '3is is my house. '3is is a hill. '3ese are donkeys. 7hat is 03is. Did you drop 03is. +i, "ane% '3is is ichael% 9ou use 03is and 03ese when you point to things nea! you. 9ou use 03a0 and 03ose when you point to things :a!03e! a7a,. Demonstrative pronouns can be singular or plural' Sing+la! $l+!al this these that those &2ercise : D!a7 a line 0o oin eac3 o: 03e s+/ ec0 p!ono+ns 0o 03e o/ ec0 p!ono+n 03a0 5a0c3es. I ( he ( it ( she ( they ; you ( we us ( her ; you ; them ; me ; him ( it &2ercise < .ill in 03e /lan6s 7i03 03e co!!ec0 p!ono+ns. :* Peter and I are brothers. ======= share a bedroom together. <* !ue isn/t well. Dad is taking ======= to see a doctor. >* y brother is a teacher. ======= teaches &nglish. ?* All his students like ======= very much. @* 6hildren, ======= are making too much noise% A* 7ho are those people. 7here are ======= from. B* om is a doctor. ======= works in a hospital. C* The sky is getting dark. ======= is going to rain. D* "ohn, we are all waiting for =======. Are you coming with =======. :E* ay ======= borrow your pen. ::* 9es, of course. 7hen can you return ======= to =======. :<* 7hat are ======= reading, "enny. &2ercise > .ill in 03e /lan6s 7i03 03e co!!ec0 !e:lexi1e p!ono+ns :!o5 03e /ox. yourselves himself themselves yourself itself ourselves myself herself
<* "ane always makes the bed by ============. >* They painted the wall all by ============. ?* I hurt ============ in the playground yesterday. @* "ohn, you must behave ========== before your friends. A* 6hildren, you must do the homework ============. B* Tom defended ============ against the bullies. C* The dog is scratching ============. &2ercise ? -!i0e 03e co!!ec0 in0e!!oga0i1e p!ono+ns in 03e /lan6s 0o co5ple0e 03e sen0ences2 : ======= is the matter with you. < ======= invented the computer. > ======= of the twins is older. ? ======= do you wish to speak to. @ ======= is this car in front of our house. A ======= knows the answer. B ======= came first, the chicken or the egg. C ======= would you like to drink. D ======= of them do you think will win the race. :E ======= is the word for a stamp collector. '&E SI)$LE $#ESEN' 'ENSE The si5ple p!esen0 0ense e2presses a general truth or a customary action. ary en o,s singing. Peter sometimes len4s me his bike. 6ows ea0 grass. onkeys li6e bananas. Tom collec0s stamps. The earth goes around the sun. It often sno7s in winter. 7e always 7as3 our hands before meals. 7e ea0 three meals a day. Father 0a6es the dog for a walk every morning. &2ercise : Un4e!line 03e 1e!/s in 03e :ollo7ing sen0ences. : The children go to school by bus. < 3ats sleep during the day. > These toys belong to Gathy. ? &very pupil has a good dictionary. @ Polar bears live at the 8orth Pole. A ost children learn very fast. B r. Thomas teaches us science.
C The earth goes around the sun. D 7e never cross the street without looking. :E any stores close on !unday. &2ercise < .ill in 03e /lan6s 7i03 03e si5ple p!esen0 0ense o: 03e 1e!/s in pa!en03eses. : 7inter ======== after autumn. )come* < A dog ========. )bark* > 9ou ======== tired. )look* ? &veryone ======== mistakes. )make* @ Ali ======== in a department store. )work* A "udy ======== &nglish very well. )speak* B Tim/s knee ========. )hurt* C onkeys ======== bananas. )like* D Gate always ======== sandwiches for lunch. )eat* :E +e ======== very fast. )type* '&E $#ESEN' $#OG#ESSI"E >CON'INUOUS? 'ENSE 7hen do you use the p!esen0 p!og!essi1e 0ense. To talk about actions in the present, or things that are still going on or happening now. I/5 pla,ing chess with my friend. !he@s !i4ing a horse. +e@s 0a6ing a walk in the park. The man/s co+n0ing the money. They a!e p!ac0icing tai chi. 7e/!e !+s3ing to the airport to meet r. !mith. They a!e s0ill sleeping. They a!e s7i55ing in the sea. 7hat a!e they 4oing. 7hat/s 3appening. 7hy a!en@0 you 4oing your homework. A!en@0 I si00ing up straight. Form the present progressive tense like this' am H present participle is H present participle are H present participle The p!esen0 pa!0iciple is the form of a verb ending with (ing. For e2ample' show H ing I showing come H ing I coming 9ou have to double the last letter of some verbs before you add ( ing. For e2ample' get H ing I ge00ing rob H ing I ro//ing
nod H ing I no44ing stop H ing I stopping 0og H ing I 0ogging swim H ing I swi55ing 8otice that the verbs above are all s3o!0 1e!/s of 0ust one s,lla/le. They all end with a consonan0 such as /, 4, gA 5, p, 0 and have only one 1o7el before the consonant. If a verb ends in e, you usually have to drop the e before you add (ing. For e2ample' chase H ing I chasing cycle H ing I cycling drive H ing I driving smile H ing I smiling Jse the present progressive tense to talk about things you have planned to do, or things that are going to happen in the future. To form the present progressive tense, use a5, is and a!e as 3elping 1e!/s or a+xilia!, 1e!/s. 7e a!e going camping tomorrow. I@5 s0a!0ing piano lessons soon. "im/s parents a!e 0a6ing him to Te2as ne2t week. y favorite TK program is s0a!0ing in a minute. All our friends a!e co5ing. 7ho@s /!inging salad for the barbecue. I a5. I a5 1isi0ing "oe ne2t week. 7here a!e you going for your vacation. 7hat a!e we ea0ing for dinner. &2ercise : -!i0e 03e p!esen0 pa!0iciple o: 03ese 1e!/s on 03e /lan6s. : come ============ B go ============ < run ============ C ask ============ > sleep ============ D catch ============ ? fall ============ :E write ============ @ 0ump ============ :: drop ============ A climb ============ :< bring ============ &2ercise < .ill in 03e /lan6s 7i03 03e p!esen0 p!og!essi1e 0ense o: 03e 1e!/s in pa!en03eses. : They ================ the roller(coaster ride. )en0oy* < "ill ================ her hair. )wash* > It ================ dark. )get* ? The dentist ================ !ue/s teeth. )e2amine* @ The train ================ through the tunnel. )pass* A The men =============== very hard in the sun. )work*
B 7hat ========= the theater ========= today. )show* C 7e ================ a snowman. )make* D The plane ================ above the clouds. )fly* :E The teachers ================ a meeting. )have* '&E $AS' SI)$LE 'ENSE Jse the si5ple pas0 0ense to talk about things that happened in the past. The simple past tense is also used to talk about things that happened in stories. I /o+g30 a new camera last week. "oe lea!ne4 to play the guitar very -uickly. 7e 4!o1e to the safari park last weekend. The giant panda ga1e birth to a cub last night. 9esterday Dad 0oo6 me to the carnival. The plane lan4e4 a few minutes ago. The children 1isi0e4 a farm during the holidays. 7ho in1en0e4 the computer. "ack and "ill 7en0 up the hill. #ittle 1ed 1iding +ood 4eci4e4 to visit her grandmother. The Three 3ears :o+n4 $oldilocks asleep in their house.
#EGULA# AND I##EGULA# "E#BS The simple past tense of most verbs ends in ( e4. These verbs are called !eg+la! 1e!/s. om opene4 the door for us. !ally pe00e4 the dog. That event 3appene4 long ago. 7e 1isi0e4 our uncle last week. They 7al6e4 to school together yesterday. They 7o!6e4 until twelve last night. Dad 0!ie4 to fi2 the light. 7illiam Tell ai5e4 at the apple on his son/s head. 3ase Form aim bake open happen pull push scold shout visit wait !imple Past aimed baked opened happened pulled pushed scolded shouted visited waited
walk work
walked worked
The si5ple pas0 0ense is usually formed by adding ;e4 to the verb. For e2ample' 0ump H ed I 0umped laugh H ed I laughed lift H ed I lifted look H ed I looked
If the verb ends with (e, 0ust add (4. For e2ample' agree H d I agreed die H d I died hate H d I hated live H d I lived
1emember these spelling rules' 9ou must double the last letter of some verbs before adding ( e4. For e2ample' fan H ed I fanned grab H ed I gra//ed nod H ed I no44ed pat H ed I pa00ed rip H ed I ripped slam H ed I sla55ed
8otice that the verbs above are all s3o!0 1e!/s of 0ust one s,lla/le. They all end with a consonan0 such as /, 4, 5, n, p, 0, and have only a single 1o7el before the consonant. 7ith verbs that end in (,, change the , to i before adding (e4. For e2ample' bury H ed I buried carry H ed I carried cry H ed I cried fry H ed I fried hurry H ed I hurried try H ed I tried
The simple past form of some verbs does not end in ( e4. !uch verbs are called i!!eg+la! 1e!/s. The simple past tense of some irregular verbs does not change at all. +e 3i0 the ball over the net. Dad !ea4 to us last night. +e s3+0 the door. I p+0 some sugar in my coffee. 3ase Form beat burst cost cut hit hurt !imple Past beat burst cost cut hit hurt
ost irregular verbs, however, take a different form in the simple past tense. I los0 my pen on the bus. 7e sol4 our car last week. The baby slep0 right thought the night. Peter go0 a watch for his birthday. I 3ea!4 a noise in the night. +e /!o+g30 his pet mouse to school. y book :ell off the desk. 3ase Form bend break bring buy fall fly get hear keep lose sell shoot sleep !imple Past bent broke brought bought fell flew got heard kept lost sold shot slept
&2ercise : -!i0e 03e si5ple pas0 0ense o: 03ese 1e!/s on 03e /lan6s. : take ============ B tell ============ < walk ============ C write ============ > rain ============ D sit ============ ? shut ============ :E read ============ @ open ============ :: close ============ A cry ============ :< cook ============ &2ercise < .ill in 03e /lan6s 7i03 03e co!!ec0 si5ple pas0 0ense o: 03e 1e!/s in pa!en03eses. : !he =========== home alone. )go* < The wind =========== throughout the night. )blow* > An apple =========== on his head. )drop* ? The Princess/s ball =========== into the well. )roll* @ A frog ========== into the well and =========== it back to her. )0ump,bring*
A "ack =========== the highest grade in his &nglish class. )get* B The party =========== at C'EE P. . )begin* C +e ========== his old car and ========== a new one. )sell,buy* D "ack =========== up the ladder carefully. )climb* :E 7ho =========== all the windows. )shut*
REMINDER! A Uncle Harry stood up. B Dorothy was going up and up. The sentences above show actions in the past, but they use different tenses. We use the Simple Past tense sentences A! when the action started and finished in the past. "n sentences B we use the Past #ontinuous tense to indicate that the action was continuous. $%amples&
Past tense +unt $m dropped her wor. and came to the door. Dorothy li ed in the middle of the great /ansas prairies. Toto !umped out of Dorothy0s arms.
Past continuous +unt $m was washing the dishes. Uncle Henry was sitting on the doorstep. Dorothy was standing on the door with Toto in her arms.
I. #omplete the sentences. Use Past Simple and Past #ontinuous. '! "t was raining rain! when we went out go out!. (! " )))))).. open! the window because it was hot. *! When " got to the office, +na and Pedro )))))) work!. ,! The phone))))). ring! while Susana))))).. cook! dinner. -! " )))))).. hear! a noise, so ")))))).. look! out of the window.
1! Tom2s)))))) look! out of the window when the accident)))))) happen!. II. Use the prompts to write sentences in the Past #ontinuous tense. Page -3, e%ercise '(! a" 4elinda 5 sit 5 armchair 5 watch 5 T6 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 #" 8lenn 5 eat 5 sandwich 5 drin. 5 mil. 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 c" The scouts 5 pac.ing 5their bac.pac.s 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 III. 9ill in the gaps with the Past #ontinuous of the verbs in brac.ets. a* The teacher 77777777777777777 tal.! when :ario arrived. b* The students 777777777777777777 play! when the bell rang. c* ;uc<a 777777777777777777 do! her homewor. when someone .noc.ed the door. d* :arco0s parents 777777777777777777 write! him a letter when they heard a crash. e* +na 77777777777777777777 sleep! when the alarm cloc. rang. f* They 777777777777777777777 watch! T6 when their parents arrived. I$. +nswer these =uestions using past continuous. '. What were you doing at -pm last Sunday> )))))))))))))))))))))))))))). (. What was your mom doing at ?P: last night> )))))))))))))))))))))))))))). *. What was your sister doing at school last :onday> )))))))))))))))))))))))))))). ,. What was your family doing at @P: last Saturday> )))))))))))))))))))))))))))).
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"IE#NESA 2C DE )A;O DE 2D8E
%&'(&RA' )&I**E+
Name, -rade, .#!ecti es, (he students must #e a#le to, +how comprehension while Reading a te/t. %omplete a te/t gi ing to it meaningful sense.
Instructions: Read the following texts and complete them with the right words.
0ederico -arc1a 'orca 9ederico 8arc<a ;orca was born 77777777777777777777777777777 9uente 6a=ueros, 8ranada 77777777777777777777777777777 the -th of Aune, '3?3 and died the '?th of +ugust, '?*1. His life spanned the years 77777777777777777777777777777 the Bear of Disaster and the Spanish #ivil War 77777777777777777777777777777 ultimately victimiCed him. He travelled 77777777777777777777777777777 Spain and +merica, principally +rgentina, living and writing some 77777777777777777777777777777 the most beautiful poetry ever written. ;orcaDs poetry and plays combine elements 77777777777777777777777777777 +ndalusian fol.lore with sophisticated and 77777777777777777777777777777 surrealistic poetic techni=ues, cut 77777777777777777777777777777 all social and educational barriers. His poetry has been translated 77777777777777777777777777777 a doCen languages. +ugust '?, '?*1, 9alangist soldiers dragged 77777777777777777777777777777 Spanish poet and playwright 9ederico 8arcia ;orca 77777777777777777777777777777 a field, shot him
and tossed his body into 77777777777777777777777777777 unmar.ed grave. . 9rancoDs government tried 77777777777777777777777777777 obliterate ;orcaDs memory His boo.s were prohibited, 77777777777777777777777777777 name forbidden but he =uic.ly became an almost mythical figure, a symbol of all the victims 77777777777777777777777777777 political oppression.
+arah an indigenous Australian. (a can do Team interview. March 2000) " grew up in an aboriginal community called PomporalE which is in the 8olf of #arpentaria. "t was very isolated F :uch more isolated than living in a town. We had running water but there wasnDt a proper sewage system. Housing and overcrowding were the worst problems. 4ut nutrition was not much better. We had one shop F was called a DstoreD F but we didnDt have fresh veggies and that sort of thing. We had more fish than meat because Pomporal is right on the ocean. :y father is a white +ustralian from Tasmania. He sent me away to a boarding school which he thought was the best in the southern part of +ustralia. " was luc.ier than my friends because, unfortunately in the aboriginal community, a lot of .ids are illiterate. The boarding school was mi%ed, with lots of different .ids F most of them from even more isolated regions than mine. F + lot of farming children and international .ids. "t was an adGustment. " used to be really embarrassed to tell people where " was from because it wasnDt considered as civiliCed as most other places. Then " left school and too. charge of my own life and travelled. " went and lived in Sydney and lived in Perth and Horthern territory and then " pac.ed up and bac.pac.ed around the world. That made me realiCe " was luc.y& " belong to two worlds F " am a bit of a 4ush girl ... but " also love to have caviar and champagne. "Dve got a longFterm goal& :y greatest desire is to study medicine and be a doctor. +s " Gust told you, the basic living conditions are terrible in indigenous communities F no better than in most ThirdFWorld countries. " want to help change that. "Dd love to be a flying doctor. +s a .id, we used to watch when there was an emergency in the community F you .now a pregnancy or an accident or whatever. The planes would land on the grass airstrips and they would ta.e the person away in no time. "Dm most interested in ThirdFWorld medicine. Ine of my biggest and most consuming passions is bush medicines. Bou .now, with my western .nowledge, "Dd really li.e to bring bac. the natural remedies that our indigenous people have used for so many years. Some of them are Gust as good as our modern chemical medicines. This is what "Dd love to doJ " .now " will do it. )uestions,
2" In which countr3 did +arah grow up4 555555555555555555 6 7(asmania 6 7Australia 6 7-reat Britain 8" 9hat was +arah:s food4 555555555555555555 6 7lots of meat 6 7+ome fish 6 7lots of eggies ;" 9here is Pomporal situated4 555555555555555555 6 7.n the ocean 6 7In the desert 6 7In the middle of Australia <" Is +arah:s father an a#origine4 555555555555555555 6 7No 6 7=es 6 7not mentioned >" 9hat sort of school did she go to4 555555555555555555 6 7A medicine school. 6 7A #oarding school 6 7An a#origine school ?" 9as that school located near the place where she grew up4 555555555555555555 6 7=es 6 7not mentioned 6 7No @" 9h3 did she sa3 she was luckier than her friends4 Because 555555555555555555 6 7she wasn:t illiterate 6 7Aer father came each week 6 7+he wasn:t a farming kid B" 9hen she took charge of her own life where did she li e first4 555555555555555555 6 7in +3dne3 6 7in Perth 6 7in Northern territor3 C" 9hat is her greatest desire4 555555555555555555 6 7(o #e a law3er 6 7(o #e a doctor 6 7(o #e a nurse 2D" Are some natural remedies good medicine4 555555555555555555 6 7=es 6 7No 6 7not mentioned.
+ntarctica
8eography& +ntarctica is the icy continent at the South Pole. "t is covered by permafrost permanently froCen ground!, is surrounded by water, and is about ' '5( times larger than the United States. The worldDs largest desert is on +ntarctica. ?3 percent of the land is covered with a continental ice sheetE the remaining ( percent of land is barren roc.. +ntarctica has about 3@K of the worldDs ice. #limate& The South Pole is the coldest, windiest, and driest place on $arth. The coldest temperature ever recorded on $arth was at the South PoleE it reached F'(3.1L9 F33.ML#!J In average, most of +ntarctica gets less than ( inches of snow fall each year. People& +lthough scientific e%peditions visit +ntarctica, there are no permanent human residents because of the e%treme weather, which includes freeCing temperatures, strong winds, and bliCCards!. There are about ,,MMM seasonal visitors to +ntarctica. ;ocation& +ntarctica hasnDt always been located at the South Pole. "t has drifted, li.e the other continents, and has ranged in location from the $=uator during the #ambrian period, about -MM million years ago! to the South Pole. During the time of the dinosaurs the :eCosoic $ra about 1- million to (,3 million years ago!, +ntarctica was more temperate and home to dinosaurs and many other life forms. How, there is very little indigenous life. $%ercice & +nswer full sentences & $% & "s +ntartica a hot continent > Ho, +ntarctica is an "cy #ontinent.
Nuestions& 'M. Has +ntarctica always been located at the South Pole > 77777777777777777777777777777 '. How was the weather in +ntarctica during the time of the dinosaurs > 77777777777777777777777777777 (. "s there some life in +ntarctica now > 77777777777777777777777777777 *. How many oceans can we see on the map, surrounding +ntarctica > 77777777777777777777777777777 ,. "s +ntarctica near Horth +merica > 77777777777777777777777777777 -. Has +ntarctica ranged in location from the $=uator to the Horth Pole > 77777777777777777777777777777 1. How many visitors are there to +ntarctica > 77777777777777777777777777777 @. +re there permanent human residents > 77777777777777777777777777777 3. Why are there no permanent human residents > 77777777777777777777777777777 ?. Does most of +ntartica get less than ( inches of snow fall each year > 77777777777777777777777777777
'3e 'a )a3al. In :A:<, a prince called "ahan, met a pretty girl who was selling 0ewels in a market. umta5 ahal was nineteen years old and of Tatar origin. They fell in love and decided to get married. !i2teen years later, the prince became !hah "ahan, &mperor of India. As umta5 ahal did not want to live like the other eastern women who were submissive and only looked after their children, she gave her husband advice about the administration of the country. !he showed great intelligence and determination when she chose to give more money to the poor and less to the rich. Jnfortunately she died when giving birth to her fourteenth child in :A>E. !tricken with grief, the !hah ordered the court to mourn for two years.+e wanted to abdicate but it was not possible, as his children were too young to take his place as &mperor. In memory of his wife and as a token of his love, he erected a sort of temple on the bank of the "umma 1iver in Agra that he called the Ta0 ahal. !eventeen years later, the monument,built by twenty thousand workers, was finished. It became umta5 ahalNs resting place. +er tomb is situated in the middle of a room magnificently decorated with 0ewels, pearls, gold and silver, precious stones and rich carpets. The Ta0 ahal , with its four minarets and its si2ty(five meter high dome, is totally made of white marble , the colour of which changes with the time of the day and the weather. According to a legend, the !hah wanted to build another Ta0 ahal in black marble on the opposite side of the river but he did not have the time to erect it because his son took over his throne. !o when he died, he was buried ne2t to his beloved umta5 ahal.
Nuestions&
'! The story ta.es place in 777777777777777777 O P+ustralia O P"ndia O P"ndonesia (! The main characters are 777777777777777777 O P+ladin and Aasmine O PAahan and :umtaC O PSimba and Halan *! The prince met his wife in 777777777777777777 O P'1M( O P'1(( O P'1'( ,! She was 777777777777777777 when they met. O P(M years old O P(' years old O P'? years old -! She lived in a 777777777777777777 tribe O P8allic O P6i.ing O PTartar 1! She was a very 777777777777777777 woman O Psweet and calm O P.ind and happy O Pintelligent and determined
@! The prince became $mperor in 777777777777777777 O P'1(3 O P'1*M O P'1'( 3! She fought in favour of 777777777777777777 O Ppoor people O Ppets O Pthe rich ?! The Shah was stric.en with grief because 777777777777777777
O Phis wife had died O Phis wife wanted a divorce O Phis wife had met another man 'M! He decided that the court 777777777777777777. O Pwould mourn O Pwould go on holiday O Pwould have a party ''! They would do this for 777777777777777777 O P( days O P( months O P( years '(! He could not abdicate because 777777777777777777 O Phe refused to see his ministers O Phis children were too young to become $mperor O Phe was too sad '*! Then he decided to build 777777777777777777 O P#hichQn "tCa O Pthe Petra temple O Pthe TaG :ahal ',! The monument was built 777777777777777777 O Pin +lgeria O Pon the Aumma O Pin +gra '-! "t too. 777777777777777777 to build it. O P,M months O P@M years O P'@ years '1! 777777777777777777 people wor.ed on the monument O P*1,MMM O P(-,MMM O P(M,MMM '@! "t was made of 777777777777777777 O Pwhite marble O Pwhite mud O Pwhite stone '3! "t was decorated with 777777777777777777 O Pblue pearls O Pprecious stones O Piron
'?! "ts dome is 777777777777777777 high O P@( meters O P** meters O P1- meters (M! The Shah was buried with 777777777777777777 O Phis mother O Phis brother O Phis wife
The losses of boats and planes in that area defy e%planation. The disasters are the origin of a new phrase in the $nglish language R the 4ermuda Triangle and this phrase has entered legend. The 4ermuda Triangle has been called the DevilsD Triangle, the Triangle of Death, the 8raveyard of the +tlantic. "t has swallowed up ',M ships and planes and more than ',MMM people. Today many airmen and sailors are still afraid of that area of the +tlantic Icean.
)uestions,
'! Where was 9ort ;auderlale located> 777777777777777777 O P"n the U.S.+. O P"n 8reat 4ritain O P"n "reland (! What disappeared on - December '?,-> 777777777777777777 O PSeveral US ships O PSeveral US planes O PSeveral US trains *! "t was the first incident in this area. 777777777777777777 O P> O P9alse O PTrue ,! What was Dthe #yclopsD> 777777777777777777 O Pa big monster O Pan alien O Pa big ship -! When did it disappear> 777777777777777777 O P"n nineteen thirty O P"n nineteen twenty O P"n nineteen eighteen 1! The ship was found in '?3-. 777777777777777777 O P9alse O P> O PTrue @! What is the other name of the 4ermuda Triangle> 777777777777777777 O PThe DevilDs +rea O PThe Sea 8raveyard O PThe Triangle of Death 3! The 4ermuda Triangle is located in the +tlantic Icean. 777777777777777777 O P9alse O P> O PTrue ?! How many people have disappeared> 777777777777777777 O Pabout one thousand O Pabout one million O Pabout one hundred
'M! This legend is over. Hobody believes it anymore. 777777777777777777 O P9alse O PTrue
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MA= E MI-A(
Hame&7777777777777777777777777777777 8rade&7777777777777777777777777777777 IbGectives& The students must be able to& SecogniCe the difference between :+B and :"8HT. +pply in conte%t the modal verbs :ay and :ight.
Might
T:ightT is most commonly used to e%press possibility. "t is also often used in conditional sentences. $nglish spea.ers can also use TmightT to ma.e suggestions or re=uests, although this is less common in +merican $nglish. $%amples& Bour purse might be in the living room. possibility "f " didnDt have to wor., " might go with you. conditional
Bou might visit the botanical gardens during your visit. suggestion Might " borrow your pen> request
ost modal verbs behave -uite irregularly in the past and the future. !tudy the chart below to learn how OmightO behaves in different conte2ts.
Positive Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future 1. She might be on the bus. thin! her car is having "roblems. 2. She might have ta!en the bus. #m not sure ho$ she got to $or!. 3. She might ta!e the bus to get home. don#t thin! %ill $ill be able to Negative Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future 1. She might not be on the bus. She might be $al!ing home. 2. She might not have ta!en the bus. She might have $al!ed home. You can also use: could& ma'
Modal Use
might possibility
3. She might not ta!e the bus. She might get a ride (rom %ill. 1. )ven i( entered the contest& might not $in. 2. )ven i( had entered the contest& might not have $on. 3. )ven i( entered the contest tomorro$& might not $in. 1. N* P+)S)N, F*+M 2. P-S, F*+M UN.*MM*N 3. You might not $ant to eat the cheese ca!e. t#s ver' calori(ic.
1. ( entered the contest& might actuall' $in. 2. ( had entered the contest& might actuall' have $on. 3. ( entered the contest tomorro$& might actuall' $in. Un(ortunatel'& can#t enter it.
might suggestion
1. N* P+)S)N, F*+M 2. You might have tried the cheese ca!e. 3. You might tr' the cheeseca!e.
could
Might have something to drin!1 Might borro$ the sta"ler1 Requests usually refer to the near future.
REMEMBER: "Might not" vs. "Could not" 4Might not4 suggests 'ou do not !no$ i( something ha""ens. 4.ould not4 suggests that it is im"ossible (or something to ha""en. )5am"les: 6ac! might not have the !e'. Maybe he does not have the key. 6ac! could not have the !e'. It is impossible that he has the key.
Ma3
T:ayT is most commonly used to e%press possibility. "t can also be used to give or re=uest permission, although this usage is becoming less common. $%amples& #heryl ma3 be at home, or perhaps at wor.. possibility Aohnny, you ma3 leave the table when you have finished your dinner. give permission
ost modal verbs behave -uite irregularly in the past and the future. !tudy the chart below to learn how OmayO behaves in different conte2ts.
Modal Use
Positive Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future 1. 6ac! ma' be u"set. can#t reall' tell i( he is anno'ed or tired. 2. 6ac! ma' have been u"set. couldn#t reall' tell i( he $as anno'ed or tired. 3. 6ac! ma' get u"set i( 'ou don#t tell him the truth. 1. You ma' leave the table no$ that 'ou#re (inished $ith 'our dinner. 2. S7 F, ,* 4%) -88*9): ,*4 You $ere allo$ed to leave the table a(ter 'ou (inished 'our dinner. 3. You ma' leave the table $hen 'ou (inish 'our dinner. Ma' borro$ 'our eraser1 Ma' ma!e a "hone call1 Requests usually refer to the near future.
ma' possibility
1. 6ac! ma' not be u"set. Perha"s he is tired. 2. 6ac! ma' not have been u"set. Perha"s he $as tired. 3. 6ac! ma' not get u"set& even i( 'ou tell him the truth 1. You ma' not leave the table. You#re not (inished $ith 'our dinner 'et. 2. S7 F, ,* 4%) -88*9): ,*4 You $ere not allo$ed to leave the table because 'ou hadn#t (inished 'our dinner. 3. You ma' not leave the table until 'ou are (inished $ith 'our dinner.
might
can
N* N)2-, 3) F*+MS
can& might
+ummar3
:Ma3: is a modal au/iliar3. "t does not ta.e an DsD in the present tense. The past tense or conditional is DmightD. Bou use it li.e an au%iliary in the interrogative and negative forms& '. :ay " go out> no, you may not. "t has no infinitive form. "t has no participle. :Ma3: is used to e/press , Permission& '. :ay " go out :um> (. Bou may eat some ca.e Aim. Probability& '. He may come late. (. He may be on holidays. Suggestion or reproach with DmightD& '. He doesnDt .now what to doE he might as. Wendy. (. Bou might have done the washingFup J
Wish & '. :ay this year bring you happiness and health J
#hoose the correct alternative. Use the right form of the verbs. '! Ta.e your umbrella as it 777777777777777777 today. O Pmay rains O Pmay rain O Pmight rained (! He is still at wor. J He 777777777777777777 late " am afraid. O Pmay comes O Pmight came O Pmay come *! Aohn couldnDt repair his washingFmachineE he 777777777777777777 his neighbour. O Pmights as. O Pmay as.ed O Pmight have as.ed ,! They tal.ed too loudly, They 777777777777777777 the baby J O Pmight have wa.e O Pmight have wo.en O Pmight has wo.e -! DarlingJ " wonder if " 777777777777777777 you that marvellous car you saw yesterday > O Pmight offer O Pmay offer O Pmight offers 1! :um J :y friends are having a party tonight E 777777777777777777 please> O Pmay " go O Pmay " gone O Pmay they go @! Sweetheart J +s you were at home you 777777777777777777 the ironing, donDt you thin. > O Pmay have done O Pmight have do O Pmight have done 3! Bes darling, but " was afraid " 777777777777777777 your marvellous shirt J O Pmight have burnt O Pmay burn
O Pmight burned ?! He 777777777777777777 late because his flight has been delayed. O Pmight is O Pmay been O Pmay be 'M! ;oo. at those clouds J "t 777777777777777777 in a minute. O Pwill may rain O Pmay rain O Pmays rain
AN+9ER+, 2. ma3 rain 8. ma3 come ;. might ha e asked <. might ha e woken >. might offer ?. ma3 I go @. might ha e done B. might ha e #urnt C. ma3 #e 2D. ma3 rain
)2 G " was Gust wondering whether you 7777 be able to help me. may might )8 G 7777 8od have mercy on your soul. :ay :ight ); G Bou 7777 well be right. may might )< G " told them " 7777 go if " felt li.e it, but wasnDt sure. may might )> G Students 7777 only borrow four boo.s at a time. may might )? G The e%aminer says we 7777 leave when weDve finished. may might )@ G "t 7777 be very e%pensive, but itDs much better than the others. may might )B G " Gust 7777 accept your offer. may might )C G Bou 7777 try as.ing her for helpF she .nows her stuff. may might )2D G Bou 7777 have told me earlierJ may might
$#ONO)B#ES #ELA'I"OS
#os pronombres relativos son' 73o -ue, -uin, el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales )para personas* 73o5 a -uien, al cual, a la cual, a los cuales, a las cuales )para personas* 73ose de -ue, de -uien, del cual, de la cual, de los cuales, de las cuales, cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas )para personas* 73ic3 -ue, lo -ue, el cual, lo cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales )para cosas* 03a0 -ue, el -ue, la -ue, los -ue, las -ue )para personas y cosas* 73a0 lo -ue a.* -3o tiene las funciones de su0eto y su antecedente )el su0eto al -ue refiere* debe ser una persona, aun-ue puede ocasionalmente referir un animal personificado, como por e0emplo en cuentos. '3e 5an 73o 6ne7 0oo 5+c3 , El hombre que saba demasiado b.* -3o5 &s muy formal y se emplea en lengua0e escrLto, no siendo muy habitual su uso en lengua0e hablado.. c.* -3ose e2presa posesiMn y pertenencia y se refiere Qnicamente a personas, )tambin e2cepcionalmente a animales y a nombres colectivos*. '3e :a5il, 73ose 3o+se 7e s0a,e4 in , La familia en cuya casa estuvimos d.* -3ic3 se emplea como su0eto y como complemento y se refiere solamente a cosas o animales' '3e ca! 73ic3 is in 03e ga!age , El coche que est en el garage.
'3is is 03e ca! 73ic3 I go 0o 7o!6 in , ste es el coche con el cual voy a trabajar. e.* '3a0 se emplea como su0eto o complemento directo y puede referirse a personas, cosas o animales' '3e le00e! 03a0 ca5e ,es0e!4a, is :!o5 5, 5o03e! , La carta que lleg ayer es de mi madre. '3e 5an 03a0 ca5e 0o o+! 3o+se , El hombre que vino a nuestra casa. ( Diferencia entre 73o y 03a0 9 $eneralmente, es indiferente usar NwhoN y NthatN. !in embargo, e2isten diferencias entre ambos -ue hacen mRs apropiado el uso de uno u otro pronombre dependiendo de si se estR identificando o no al su0eto. -3e!e is 03e gi!l >73o G 03a0? sells 03e ice c!ea5K , Dnde est la chica que vende el helado? )ambos usos, NwhoN y NthatN son correctos* '3is is Ca!olA 73o sells 03e ice c!ea5 , Ssta es 6arol, la cual vende el helado. '3is is Ca!olA 03a0 sells 03e ice c!ea5 )uso inadecuado de NthatN* NThatN normalmente no puede ir precedido de una preposiciMn Despus de superlativos y pronombres indefinidos debemos emplear NthatN en lugar de NwhoN I0Ls 03e /es0 :il5 03a0 IL1e e1e! seen , Es la mejor elcula que he visto nunca. I0Ls so5e03ing 03a0 5a6es 3i5 c!, , Es algo que le hace llorar!. f* -3a0 generalmente hace referencia a acciones o situaciones. I 6no7 73a0 ,o+L!e 03in6ing , "# lo que ests ensandoNo/o4, 6no7s 73a0 7ill 3appen 0o5o!!o7 , $adie sabe que asar ma%ana 1&#ATIK4! D& 4!T1ATIK4! 3e 73o el que 03a0 o: el de& la de 03ose 73o los que 03ose o: los de& las de 1&#ATIK4! 64 PJ&!T4! 73oe1e! cualquiera que ' ersonas( 73o5e1e! cualquiera que ' ersonas& ms formal( 73ic3e1e! cualquiera que ' ersonas& cosas( 73a0e1e! cualquier cosa que
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2.Si est regido por preposicin, sta puede colocarse al final y omitirse o
the place (that) we went to, el lugar al que fuimos. 3.Con that, la preposicin se ubica siempre al final: I bought the book that you told me about, compr el libro del cual me hablaste.
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%UAN'I'IES.C&A#'
Quanti$ie%s &ith counta'le an( uncounta'le nouns )d.ectives and ad.ectival phrases that describe quantity are sho/n belo/. Some can only go /ith countable nouns #friends, cups, people&, and some can only go /ith uncountable nouns #sugar, tea, money, advice&. 0he /ords in the middle column can be used /ith both countable and uncountable nouns.
nly &ith uncounta'le nouns Ho& *uch+ a little a bit #of& 2 a great deal of a large amount of 2
Ho& *uch+ o% Ho& *any+ Ho& *any+ no1none not any some #any& a lot of plenty of lots of , noun a fe/ a number #of& several a large number of a great number of 2
Note: much and many are used in negative and question forms. "'ample: How much money have you got3 How many cigarettes have you smo4ed3
0here5s not much sugar in the cupboard. 0here /eren't many people at the concert.
0hey are also used /ith too, (not) so, and (not) as +0here /eretoo many people at the concert 2 /e couldn5t see the band. 6t5s a problem /hen there are so many people. 0here5s not so much /or4 to do this /ee4. 6n positive statements, /e use a lot of: 65ve got a lot of /or4 this /ee4. 0here /ere a lot of people at the concert.
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0he follo/ing e'pressions are often used in place of 5much5 and 5many5, especially in positive sentences. a lot of lots of plenty of a great deal of a large number of the ma.ority of 0hese e'pressions can are combined /ith 5of5 in the sense of 5most5, 5many5 or 5much5. % lot o! people en"oy listening to "a)). % great deal o! time is spent understanding these issues. Note that 5much5, 5most5 and 5many5 does N70 ta4e 5of5. $ost people en"oy listening to some type o! music. (./ + $ost o! people...) $uch time is spent understanding math. (./ + $uch o! time is spent ...) Fo%*al - In$o%*al 5) lot of 1 lots of 1 plenty of5 are generally used in informal situations: here will be a lot o! !ood at the party. here's plenty o! time to !inish your homework. 5) large amount of 1 a great deal of 1 a large number of 1 a ma.ority of5 are used in more formal situations, such as /ritten business "nglish and presentations. here is a great deal o! pressure to !inish this pro"ect on time. here are a large number o! individuals who pre!er to do banking online. Counta'le - Uncounta'le 5) lot of 1 lots of 1 plenty of5 are used /ith both countable and uncountable nouns. here's a lot o! "uice in this "ug. here are plenty o! opportunities to learn online. here are lots o! people who like chess. 5) large amount of 1 a great deal of5 are used /ith uncountable nouns such as 5/ater, money, time, etc.5 here's a large amount o! work to be done on this pro"ect. here isn't a great deal o! time to !inish this report. 5) large number of 1 a the ma.ority of5 are used /ith countable nouns such as 5people, students, investors, etc.5 he ma"ority o! investors are interested in low-risk opportunities. % large number o! our pupils continue their studies at university.
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%UAN'I'IES. E=E#CISES
Quantities
Fill in the 'lan.s &ith little/a little/ $e&/a $e&.
1. 2. 3. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I thin. the%e is .............ho0e to sa1e his secon( $oot. )e s0en( ............. (ays at the $a%*. I ha1e ............. *oney. )e ha1e ha( ............. 0%o'le*s lately. I$ I s0en( ...............ti*e &ith hi* I &ill lea%n to su00o%t hi*. Ta.e ...............'an.notes in *y &allet. He sees.............0eo0le 7hili0 nee(s .............. lo1e
ANS)ERS
RESU"TS
1. 2. 3. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I thin. the%e is $e& little ho0e to sa1e his secon( $oot. )e s0en( a $e& (ays at the $a%*. I ha1e a $e& a little *oney. )e ha1e ha( a little a $e& 0%o'le*s lately. I$ I s0en( $e& a little ti*e &ith hi* I &ill lea%n to su00o%t hi*. Ta.e a $e& 'an.notes in *y &allet. He sees little $e& 0eo0le 7hili0 nee(s a little lo1e
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A. This is a very great novel. 9ou ======= read it. a* must b* mustnNt c* neednNt B. Time is not on our side. 7e ========= hurry. a* must b* mustnNt c* neednNt C. N7hat kind of car do you want to buy. !omething flashy.N N7ell, it ========== be flashy ( thatNs not important.N a* must b* mustnNt c* neednNt D. Tim gave me a mail to send. I =========== remember to mail it. a* must b* mustnNt c* neednNt :E. ary gave me a letter to post. I ========== forget to mail it. a* must b* mustnNt c* neednNt
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7ord 3ank smaller bigger older smallest bigger taller tallest lighter lightest oldest heavier
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===== $oda gets up in the morning. ===== !he has music and computer lessons in the afternoon. ===== +er mother drives her to school. ===== !he has a sound sleep. ===== $oda turns off the lamp. ===== !he reads a story book in bed
A day in the life of $oda Answer Gey' $oda gets up in the morning. !he brushes her teeth and eats breakfast. +er mother drives her to school. !he has ath and &nglish lessons in the morning. !he has lunch at :<'>E P . !he has music and computer lessons in the afternoon. +er mother picks her up after school. !he has dinner at A'EE P . $oda watches TK for one hour. !he does her homework after watching TK. !he goes to bed. !he reads a story book in bed. $oda turns off the lamp. !he has a sound sleep.
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b* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. c* INll buy two. d* youNll be in big trouble. J. I: sales 4onL0 i5p!o1e soon a* weNll have to lay off some workers b* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. c* INll buy two. d* youNll keep a tighter control on what "erome gets up to. O. I: 03e !epo!0 isnL0 on 5, 4es6 0o5o!!o7 5o!ning a* youNll be in big trouble. b* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. c* weNll have to lay off some workers d* heNll be out on his ear. (. I: Nic6 4oesnL0 5en4 3is 7a,s soon a* youNll soon be on your way b* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. c* youNll be in big trouble. d* heNll be out on his ear. P. I: I see ,o+ s0an4ing a!o+n4 03e co::ee 5ac3ine 0al6ing again a* youNll be in big trouble. b* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. c* weNll have to lay off some workers d* heNll be out on his ear. Q. I: ,o+ 4onL0 5a6e 03e g!a4e 3e!e a* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. b* youNll soon be on your way c* weNll have to lay off some workers d* heNll be out on his ear. 8D. Unless ,o+ 4o so5e03ing !eall, /a4 a* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. b* youNll soon be on your way c* youNll be in big trouble. d* heNll be out on his ear.
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Fi%st Con(itinal 8Ti0o 19 "sto tipo del condicional se utili$a para el futuro y en los casos cuando es muy probable que la condicin pasar.
IF Con(ition Result
6f
8resent simple
E"emplos+ If 0ill studies, he will pass the e#am. 1 0ill will pass the e#am if he studies. #Si ;ill
estudia, aprobar el e'amen.&
If it doesn't rain, we will go to the beach. 1 2e will go to the beach if it doesn't rain. #Si no llueve, iremos a la playa.& Will you take the train if you miss the bus- 1 If you miss the bus, will you take the train-#<Cogers el tren si pierdes el bus3&
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<UE"ESA 2C DE NO"IE)B#E DE 2D88
" play tennis They live in the country She wonDt go out
'. Harry has got a banana. 777 is going to eat it they she he
(. Hermione hasnDt got any fruit . 777is going to buy some she they he
*. Harry and Son have some co.e. 77777are going to drin. it we they he
,. Hermione and you havenDt got time.7777are going to be late we you they
$lige la respuesta adecuada '. 77is :ary we he she they (.7777are at school
you he " it
@. ... am a boy
?. 777are pretty she " the you 'M. 777 is old we " it you
'. $s my hermano my brother (. WNuien es el> Who is him> *. Son Tom y :ary Who is he> What is he> is my brother He is my brother
+re Tom and :ary ,. Augamos al tenis Play tennis -. $s el gato "t is the cat
We play tennis
He is the cat
PSIHI:4S$ PIS$S"6I $l pronombre posesivo sustituye al sustantivo y al adGetivo posesivo =ue lo acompaUa cuando este sustantivo ha sido ya anteriormente mencionado, o cuando por el conte%to =ueda perfectamente definido& #omo los determinantes posesivos, los pronombres posesivos conciertan con el poseedor y no con la cosa pose<da. $n inglQs los pronombres posesivos no pueden ir precedidos de art<culos como en espaUol.
$l m<o $l tuyo +=u< tienes algunos eGemplos& :ine Bours His 5 hers Iurs Bours Theirs
:ine yours
$l :<o5la m<a5los m<os5las m<asFF:<o5a,os,as $l tuyo5la tuya5los tuyos5las tuyasFFTuyo,a5os5as $l suyo 5la suya 5los suyos 5las suyas de Ql, de ella, de ello!FF $l nuestro 5la nuestra 5los nuestros 5 las nuestrasFF Huestro,a5os5as ;os de ustedes 5 $l suyo 5la suya 5 los suyos 5 las suyas de ellos 5 ellas!FF Suyo,a5os5as
The money is mine The treasure is yours The boo.s are his. The homewor. is hers.
$l dinero es m<o. $l tesoro es tuyo 5 suyo. ;os libros son de Ql. ;a tarea es de ella.
The food is ours. The house is yours The apple is theirs. :2s eGemplos This is mine. This is ours.
'(. Those sofas are 7777 Suyo de ellas! they theirs hers
'1. The birds are 7777 Suyo de ellas! they theirs hers
" give them He loves her They bought it +l segundo tQrmino de la comparaciVn
He is taller than her Bou are older than them They are faster than us $lige la respuesta correcta
$l es m2s alto =ue ella $res m2s mayor =ue ellos $llos son m2s r2pidos =ue nosotros
her
him
it
@. 8ive the pencil to7777 4en and Tim! they them they
her
him
it
she
her
it
'1. Tell777J /ate! she her '@. Tell777J they! their you
it
them
'3. Tell777J the horse! it him he '?. Tell777J the boy! him she (M. Tell777J the girls! they you
he
them
PSIHI:4S$S D$:ISTS+T"6IS
F;os determinantes demostrativos en inglQs acompaUan al nombre. This houseY$sta casa That boyY+=uel niUo This That These Those $ste, esta, esto $se, esa, eso, a=uel, a=uella, a=uello. $stos, estas, $sos, esas, a=uel, a=uellos, a=uellas
F;os pronombres demostrativos en inglQs Sustituyen al nombre :ary li.e those This is a lion This That These Those + :ar<a le gustan esos $ste es un leVn $ste,esta.esto $se,esa,eso,a=uel,a=uella,a=uello. $stos,estas, $sos,esas,a=uel,a=uellos,a=uellas
" li.e this one TonesT acompaUa a los plurales these y those.
:e gusta este
'. $sta es la casa This is the house That is the house This house That house (. $se libro Thats boo.s This boo.s That boo. The boo.s *. $sta niUa
These girl This girl That girl The girl ,. $sta mesa This tables Those tables This table ThatDs table -. $ste l2piC This pencil The pencil That pencil This is a pencil
1 . $stas son de :ary These are :aryDs This are :aryDs These :aryDs That is :ary
@. $stos l2pices These pencils The pencils ThatDs pencil These pencil
These are the children This are the children These is the children The children ?. +=uellas son meGores Those are better These are better These better That is better
'M. $stas mesas This tables Those tables These tables ThatDs table ''. $sta es la chica This is the girl That is the girl These are the girls She is the girl '(. $sos perros These dogs The dogs Those dogs That dog
These womans
',. $se chico es Auan That boy is Aohn That one is Aohn This boy is Aohn He is Aohn '-. $s eso "tDs this one "tDs that "tDs that one "s that
;IS D$T$S:"H+HT$S "HT$SSI8+T"6IS $stas palabras no var<an con el nZmero singular o plural! del sustantivo al =ue se refieren& Para hacer una frase con un pronombre interrogativo&Se pone la frase en forma de pregunta, y luego se pone el pronombre al principio. 7hat O7hatOsignifica Uu y se refiere a cosas O !u0eto,ob0eto (7hat is this. O7hatOse traduce como OUueO (7hat is the time. + veces se puede traducir as<& (7hat is your name. (7hat are you eating. (7hat do you read. (V6uRl es tu nombre. (VUu estRs comiendo. (VUu lees. (VUu hora es. (VUu es esto.
7ho y what pueden funcionar como ob0eto o como su0eto en una oraciMn interrogativa. !i actQan como su0eto no utili5arRn au2iliar )do,will,be...* para preguntar. &n cambio, si actQan como ob0eto deberRn usar el au2iliar o usar la forma interrogativa de la oraciMn.
7hy O7hyO significa VPor -u. #as preguntas -ue se formulan con why deben contestarse con'
7hen TWhenT Significa cu2ndo 7hen will she V6uRndo se comerR la naran0a. eat the orange. 7here TWhereTSignifica DVnde 7here did she VDMnde comiM la naran0a. eat the orange. +ow O+owO tiene varios significados dependiendo a la palabra -ue lo acompaWa' +ow. +ow many. +ow much. +ow long. +ow old. +ow often. +ow many oranges did she eat. +ow much did the oranges cost. +ow long was she eating the orange. V6Mmo. VcuRntos. VcuRntas. VcuRnto. VcuRnto tiempo. VUu edad tienes. V6on -u frecuencia. V6uRntas naran0as se comiM. V6uRnto costaron las naran0as. V6uRnto tardM en comerse la naran0a
+ow often did she ate V6on -u frecuencia oranges. comLa man5anas.
-3ic3 Which significa NuQ,cu2l,cuales& Puede ser suGeto u obGeto. Se refiere a personas o cosas.
7hich orange is she eating. 7hich of you girl is eating the oranges.
VUu naran0a se estR comiendo. VUuin de ustedes niWas estR comiendo las naran0as.
#a diferencia entre 7hat y 7hich ( es la siguiente' 6uando nos referimos a personas se suele utili5ar NwhatN. !in embargo, empleamos NwhichN cuando -ueremos ser mRs precisos y dar una elecciMn entre dos o mRs cosas' 7ho O7hoO!ignifica Uuin y puede ser su0eto u ob0eto.se refiere siempre a personas o a cosas personificadas. 7ho is eating VUuin esta comiendo la the naran0a. orange. 7ho bought VUuin comprM la naran0a. the orange. 7hose Posesivo.se refiere a personas Znicamente. 7hose is the VDe -uin es la naran0a. orange.
:. === are you from. I am from #ondon Which What Where Who 8. 555 are 3ou eating4 I am eating fish Which What Where How much ;. 555 are 3ou4 I am (om Which What Where Who <. 555 is 3our name4 M3 name is (om 7hich 7hat 7here +ow J. RRR a!e ,o+K I a5 :ine 03an6sK Which What Where How
who
B. === will you play. I will play in the park which what 7here how much
D. === much is the red book. It is threeY which what 7here how
ondays
''. When did you buy the pencil> " bought it last wee. "tDs in the bag
'(. what colour is the pencil> "t was last wee. "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs blue
'*. Where is the pencil> "tDs last wee. "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs blue
',. Whose is the pencil> "tDs :aryDs "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs blue '-. Which pencil is it> "tDs the yellow one "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs :aryDs
"t was '[ "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs :aryDs
'@. Who bought you the pencil> :ary bought it "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs blue
'3. Why did you buy the pencil> because it was cheap "tDs in the bag "tDs on the des. "tDs blue
'?. How many pencils have you got> "tDs last wee. "tDs on :onday "Dve got three "tDs blue (M. What did you write with the pencil> " wrote a letter "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs :aryDs
which
What
How
How
When
How
,'os pronom#res refle/i os se usan para e/presar Hue la acciIn recae so#re el su!eto. " can see myself :e veo
M3self 3ouself himself herself itself oneself oursel es 3oursel es themsel es +lgunos eGemplos I wash m3self +he can see herself (he3 will #urn themsel es =ou can do it 3oursel es
meJ 3o mismo teJ tu mismo seJel mismo seJella misma seJello mismo unoJseJuno mismo nosJnosotros mismos anJustedes mismos seJellos mismos
(he #a#3 can:t feed El #e#e no puede himself alimentarse a si mismo Ae looked at himself El se mirI al espe!o in the mirror
$;"8$ ;+ S$SPU$ST+ #ISS$#T+ '. The girl canDt teach 77777 herself himself sheshelf
9 -#I'E I73o@A 73ic3@A I73a0@ o I73ose@ -&EN CO##ES$ONDING. 8. PI have a friend ............. lives in adrid./ 2. P...................beer is this./ PIt/s mine./ E. PA credit card is a piece of plastic ................helps you spend money./ C. P................are you doing with that knife./ J. PI don/t like people .................. never say Pthank you//.
$#ONO)B#ES #ELA'I"OS
#os pronombres relativos son' 73o -ue, -uin, el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales )para personas* 73o5 a -uien, al cual, a la cual, a los cuales, a las cuales )para personas* 73ose de -ue, de -uien, del cual, de la cual, de los cuales, de las cuales, cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas )para personas* 73ic3 -ue, lo -ue, el cual, lo cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales )para cosas* 03a0 -ue, el -ue, la -ue, los -ue, las -ue )para personas y cosas* 73a0 lo -ue a.* -3o tiene las funciones de su0eto y su antecedente )el su0eto al -ue refiere* debe ser una persona, aun-ue puede ocasionalmente referir un animal personificado, como por e0emplo en cuentos. '3e 5an 73o 6ne7 0oo 5+c3 , El hombre que saba demasiado b.* -3o5 &s muy formal y se emplea en lengua0e escrLto, no siendo muy habitual su uso en lengua0e hablado.. c.* -3ose e2presa posesiMn y pertenencia y se refiere Qnicamente a personas, )tambin e2cepcionalmente a animales y a nombres colectivos*. '3e :a5il, 73ose 3o+se 7e s0a,e4 in , La familia en cuya casa estuvimos d.* -3ic3 se emplea como su0eto y como complemento y se refiere solamente a cosas o animales' '3e ca! 73ic3 is in 03e ga!age , El coche que est en el garage. '3is is 03e ca! 73ic3 I go 0o 7o!6 in , ste es el coche con el cual voy a trabajar. e.* '3a0 se emplea como su0eto o complemento directo y puede referirse a
personas, cosas o animales' '3e le00e! 03a0 ca5e ,es0e!4a, is :!o5 5, 5o03e! , La carta que lleg ayer es de mi madre. '3e 5an 03a0 ca5e 0o o+! 3o+se , El hombre que vino a nuestra casa. ( Diferencia entre 73o y 03a0 9 $eneralmente, es indiferente usar NwhoN y NthatN. !in embargo, e2isten diferencias entre ambos -ue hacen mRs apropiado el uso de uno u otro pronombre dependiendo de si se estR identificando o no al su0eto. -3e!e is 03e gi!l >73o G 03a0? sells 03e ice c!ea5K , Dnde est la chica que vende el helado? )ambos usos, NwhoN y NthatN son correctos* '3is is Ca!olA 73o sells 03e ice c!ea5 , Ssta es 6arol, la cual vende el helado. '3is is Ca!olA 03a0 sells 03e ice c!ea5 )uso inadecuado de NthatN* NThatN normalmente no puede ir precedido de una preposiciMn Despus de superlativos y pronombres indefinidos debemos emplear NthatN en lugar de NwhoN I0Ls 03e /es0 :il5 03a0 IL1e e1e! seen , Es la mejor elcula que he visto nunca. I0Ls so5e03ing 03a0 5a6es 3i5 c!, , Es algo que le hace llorar!. f* -3a0 generalmente hace referencia a acciones o situaciones. I 6no7 73a0 ,o+L!e 03in6ing , "# lo que ests ensandoNo/o4, 6no7s 73a0 7ill 3appen 0o5o!!o7 , $adie sabe que asar ma%ana 1&#ATIK4! D& 4!T1ATIK4! 3e 73o el que 03a0 o: el de& la de 03ose 73o los que 03ose o: los de& las de 1&#ATIK4! 64 PJ&!T4! 73oe1e! cualquiera que ' ersonas( 73o5e1e! cualquiera que ' ersonas& ms formal( 73ic3e1e! cualquiera que ' ersonas& cosas( 73a0e1e! cualquier cosa que
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the book (that) I bought, el libro que compr. 2.Si est regido por preposicin, sta puede colocarse al final y omitirse o no el relativo: the place (that) we went to, el lugar al que fuimos. 3.Con that, la preposicin se ubica siempre al final: I bought the book that you told me about, compr el libro del cual me
hablaste.
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%UAN'I'IES.C&A#'
uncounta'le nouns Ho& *uch+ a little a bit #of& 2 a great deal of a large amount of 2
counta'le nouns
Ho& *uch+ o% Ho& *any+ Ho& *any+ no1none not any some #any& a lot of plenty of lots of , noun a fe/ a number #of& several a large number of a great number of 2
Note: much and many are used in negative and question forms. "'ample: How much money have you got3 How many cigarettes have you smo4ed3
0here5s not much sugar in the cupboard. 0here /eren't many people at the concert.
0hey are also used /ith too, (not) so, and (not) as +0here /eretoo many people at the concert 2 /e couldn5t see the band. 6t5s a problem /hen there are so many people. 0here5s not so much /or4 to do this /ee4. 6n positive statements, /e use a lot of: 65ve got a lot of /or4 this /ee4. 0here /ere a lot of people at the concert.
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a lot of lots of plenty of a great deal of a large number of the ma.ority of 0hese e'pressions can are combined /ith 5of5 in the sense of 5most5, 5many5 or 5much5. % lot o! people en"oy listening to "a)). % great deal o! time is spent understanding these issues. Note that 5much5, 5most5 and 5many5 does N70 ta4e 5of5. $ost people en"oy listening to some type o! music. (./ + $ost o! people...) $uch time is spent understanding math. (./ + $uch o! time is spent ...) Fo%*al - In$o%*al 5) lot of 1 lots of 1 plenty of5 are generally used in informal situations: here will be a lot o! !ood at the party. here's plenty o! time to !inish your homework. 5) large amount of 1 a great deal of 1 a large number of 1 a ma.ority of5 are used in more formal situations, such as /ritten business "nglish and presentations. here is a great deal o! pressure to !inish this pro"ect on time. here are a large number o! individuals who pre!er to do banking online. Counta'le - Uncounta'le 5) lot of 1 lots of 1 plenty of5 are used /ith both countable and uncountable nouns. here's a lot o! "uice in this "ug. here are plenty o! opportunities to learn online. here are lots o! people who like chess. 5) large amount of 1 a great deal of5 are used /ith uncountable nouns such as 5/ater, money, time, etc.5 here's a large amount o! work to be done on this pro"ect. here isn't a great deal o! time to !inish this report. 5) large number of 1 a the ma.ority of5 are used /ith countable nouns such as 5people, students, investors, etc.5 he ma"ority o! investors are interested in low-risk opportunities. % large number o! our pupils continue their studies at university.
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&ti-uetas' -uantities
%UAN'I'IES. E=E#CISES
Quantities
Fill in the 'lan.s &ith little/a little/ $e&/a $e&.
1. 2. 3. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I thin. the%e is .............ho0e to sa1e his secon( $oot. )e s0en( ............. (ays at the $a%*. I ha1e ............. *oney. )e ha1e ha( ............. 0%o'le*s lately. I$ I s0en( ...............ti*e &ith hi* I &ill lea%n to su00o%t hi*. Ta.e ...............'an.notes in *y &allet. He sees.............0eo0le 7hili0 nee(s .............. lo1e
ANS)ERS
RESU"TS
1. 2. 3. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I thin. the%e is $e& little ho0e to sa1e his secon( $oot. )e s0en( a $e& (ays at the $a%*. I ha1e a $e& a little *oney. )e ha1e ha( a little a $e& 0%o'le*s lately. I$ I s0en( $e& a little ti*e &ith hi* I &ill lea%n to su00o%t hi*. Ta.e a $e& 'an.notes in *y &allet. He sees little $e& 0eo0le 7hili0 nee(s a little lo1e
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B. Time is not on our side. 7e ========= hurry. a* must b* mustnNt c* neednNt C. N7hat kind of car do you want to buy. !omething flashy.N N7ell, it ========== be flashy ( thatNs not important.N a* must b* mustnNt c* neednNt D. Tim gave me a mail to send. I =========== remember to mail it. a* must b* mustnNt c* neednNt :E. ary gave me a letter to post. I ========== forget to mail it. a* must b* mustnNt c* neednNt
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7ord 3ank smaller bigger older smallest bigger taller tallest lighter lightest oldest heavier
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7hat do you usually do in the morning. :. ====== do you get up. ==================== <. I get up at si2 thirty in the ======== . ==================== >. I ===== my teeth before breakfast. ==================== ?. I ===== my face in the morning. ==================== @. 7hen do you === to bed. ==================== A. I usually==== my hair after taking a shower. A8!7&1!' 7hat do you usually do in the morning. :. ====== do you get up. 7hen <. I get up at si2 thirty in the ======== . morning >. I ===== my teeth before breakfast. brush ?. I ===== my face in the morning. wash @. 7hen do you === to bed. go A. I usually==== my hair after taking a shower. comb
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===== !he has music and computer lessons in the afternoon. ===== +er mother drives her to school. ===== !he has a sound sleep. ===== $oda turns off the lamp. ===== !he reads a story book in bed
A day in the life of $oda Answer Gey' $oda gets up in the morning. !he brushes her teeth and eats breakfast. +er mother drives her to school. !he has ath and &nglish lessons in the morning. !he has lunch at :<'>E P . !he has music and computer lessons in the afternoon. +er mother picks her up after school. !he has dinner at A'EE P . $oda watches TK for one hour. !he does her homework after watching TK. !he goes to bed. !he reads a story book in bed. $oda turns off the lamp. !he has a sound sleep.
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d* youNll be in big trouble. J. I: sales 4onL0 i5p!o1e soon a* weNll have to lay off some workers b* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. c* INll buy two. d* youNll keep a tighter control on what "erome gets up to. O. I: 03e !epo!0 isnL0 on 5, 4es6 0o5o!!o7 5o!ning a* youNll be in big trouble. b* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. c* weNll have to lay off some workers d* heNll be out on his ear. (. I: Nic6 4oesnL0 5en4 3is 7a,s soon a* youNll soon be on your way b* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. c* youNll be in big trouble. d* heNll be out on his ear. P. I: I see ,o+ s0an4ing a!o+n4 03e co::ee 5ac3ine 0al6ing again a* youNll be in big trouble. b* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. c* weNll have to lay off some workers d* heNll be out on his ear. Q. I: ,o+ 4onL0 5a6e 03e g!a4e 3e!e a* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. b* youNll soon be on your way c* weNll have to lay off some workers d* heNll be out on his ear. 8D. Unless ,o+ 4o so5e03ing !eall, /a4 a* your 0ob here will be -uite safe. b* youNll soon be on your way c* youNll be in big trouble. d* heNll be out on his ear.
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Fi%st Con(itinal 8Ti0o 19 "sto tipo del condicional se utili$a para el futuro y en los casos cuando es muy probable que la condicin pasar.
IF Con(ition Result
6f
8resent simple
E"emplos+ If 0ill studies, he will pass the e#am. 1 0ill will pass the e#am if he studies. #Si ;ill
estudia, aprobar el e'amen.&
If it doesn't rain, we will go to the beach. 1 2e will go to the beach if it doesn't rain. #Si no llueve, iremos a la playa.& Will you take the train if you miss the bus- 1 If you miss the bus, will you take the train-#<Cogers el tren si pierdes el bus3&
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<UE"ESA 2C DE NO"IE)B#E DE 2D88
" play tennis They live in the country She wonDt go out
'. Harry has got a banana. 777 is going to eat it they she he
(. Hermione hasnDt got any fruit . 777is going to buy some she they he
*. Harry and Son have some co.e. 77777are going to drin. it we they he
,. Hermione and you havenDt got time.7777are going to be late we you they
$lige la respuesta adecuada '. 77is :ary we he she they (.7777are at school
you he " it
@. ... am a boy
?. 777are pretty she " the you 'M. 777 is old we " it you
'. $s my hermano my brother (. WNuien es el> Who is him> *. Son Tom y :ary Who is he> What is he> is my brother He is my brother
+re Tom and :ary ,. Augamos al tenis Play tennis -. $s el gato "t is the cat
We play tennis
He is the cat
PSIHI:4S$ PIS$S"6I $l pronombre posesivo sustituye al sustantivo y al adGetivo posesivo =ue lo acompaUa cuando este sustantivo ha sido ya anteriormente mencionado, o cuando por el conte%to =ueda perfectamente definido& #omo los determinantes posesivos, los pronombres posesivos conciertan con el poseedor y no con la cosa pose<da. $n inglQs los pronombres posesivos no pueden ir precedidos de art<culos como en espaUol.
$l m<o $l tuyo +=u< tienes algunos eGemplos& :ine Bours His 5 hers Iurs Bours Theirs
:ine yours
$l :<o5la m<a5los m<os5las m<asFF:<o5a,os,as $l tuyo5la tuya5los tuyos5las tuyasFFTuyo,a5os5as $l suyo 5la suya 5los suyos 5las suyas de Ql, de ella, de ello!FF $l nuestro 5la nuestra 5los nuestros 5 las nuestrasFF Huestro,a5os5as ;os de ustedes 5 $l suyo 5la suya 5 los suyos 5 las suyas de ellos 5 ellas!FF Suyo,a5os5as
The money is mine The treasure is yours The boo.s are his. The homewor. is hers.
$l dinero es m<o. $l tesoro es tuyo 5 suyo. ;os libros son de Ql. ;a tarea es de ella.
The food is ours. The house is yours The apple is theirs. :2s eGemplos This is mine. This is ours.
'(. Those sofas are 7777 Suyo de ellas! they theirs hers
'1. The birds are 7777 Suyo de ellas! they theirs hers
" give them He loves her They bought it +l segundo tQrmino de la comparaciVn
He is taller than her Bou are older than them They are faster than us $lige la respuesta correcta
$l es m2s alto =ue ella $res m2s mayor =ue ellos $llos son m2s r2pidos =ue nosotros
her
him
it
@. 8ive the pencil to7777 4en and Tim! they them they
her
him
it
she
her
it
'1. Tell777J /ate! she her '@. Tell777J they! their you
it
them
'3. Tell777J the horse! it him he '?. Tell777J the boy! him she (M. Tell777J the girls! they you
he
them
PSIHI:4S$S D$:ISTS+T"6IS
F;os determinantes demostrativos en inglQs acompaUan al nombre. This houseY$sta casa That boyY+=uel niUo This That These Those $ste, esta, esto $se, esa, eso, a=uel, a=uella, a=uello. $stos, estas, $sos, esas, a=uel, a=uellos, a=uellas
F;os pronombres demostrativos en inglQs Sustituyen al nombre :ary li.e those This is a lion This That These Those + :ar<a le gustan esos $ste es un leVn $ste,esta.esto $se,esa,eso,a=uel,a=uella,a=uello. $stos,estas, $sos,esas,a=uel,a=uellos,a=uellas
" li.e this one TonesT acompaUa a los plurales these y those.
:e gusta este
'. $sta es la casa This is the house That is the house This house That house (. $se libro Thats boo.s This boo.s That boo. The boo.s *. $sta niUa
These girl This girl That girl The girl ,. $sta mesa This tables Those tables This table ThatDs table -. $ste l2piC This pencil The pencil That pencil This is a pencil
1 . $stas son de :ary These are :aryDs This are :aryDs These :aryDs That is :ary
@. $stos l2pices These pencils The pencils ThatDs pencil These pencil
These are the children This are the children These is the children The children ?. +=uellas son meGores Those are better These are better These better That is better
'M. $stas mesas This tables Those tables These tables ThatDs table ''. $sta es la chica This is the girl That is the girl These are the girls She is the girl '(. $sos perros These dogs The dogs Those dogs That dog
These womans
',. $se chico es Auan That boy is Aohn That one is Aohn This boy is Aohn He is Aohn '-. $s eso "tDs this one "tDs that "tDs that one "s that
;IS D$T$S:"H+HT$S "HT$SSI8+T"6IS $stas palabras no var<an con el nZmero singular o plural! del sustantivo al =ue se refieren& Para hacer una frase con un pronombre interrogativo&Se pone la frase en forma de pregunta, y luego se pone el pronombre al principio. 7hat O7hatOsignifica Uu y se refiere a cosas O !u0eto,ob0eto (7hat is this. O7hatOse traduce como OUueO (7hat is the time. + veces se puede traducir as<& (7hat is your name. (7hat are you eating. (7hat do you read. (V6uRl es tu nombre. (VUu estRs comiendo. (VUu lees. (VUu hora es. (VUu es esto.
7ho y what pueden funcionar como ob0eto o como su0eto en una oraciMn interrogativa. !i actQan como su0eto no utili5arRn au2iliar )do,will,be...* para preguntar. &n cambio, si actQan como ob0eto deberRn usar el au2iliar o usar la forma interrogativa de la oraciMn.
7hy O7hyO significa VPor -u. #as preguntas -ue se formulan con why deben contestarse con'
7hen TWhenT Significa cu2ndo 7hen will she V6uRndo se comerR la naran0a. eat the orange. 7here TWhereTSignifica DVnde 7here did she VDMnde comiM la naran0a. eat the orange. +ow O+owO tiene varios significados dependiendo a la palabra -ue lo acompaWa' +ow. +ow many. +ow much. +ow long. +ow old. +ow often. +ow many oranges did she eat. +ow much did the oranges cost. +ow long was she eating the orange. V6Mmo. VcuRntos. VcuRntas. VcuRnto. VcuRnto tiempo. VUu edad tienes. V6on -u frecuencia. V6uRntas naran0as se comiM. V6uRnto costaron las naran0as. V6uRnto tardM en comerse la naran0a
+ow often did she ate V6on -u frecuencia oranges. comLa man5anas.
-3ic3 Which significa NuQ,cu2l,cuales& Puede ser suGeto u obGeto. Se refiere a personas o cosas.
7hich orange is she eating. 7hich of you girl is eating the oranges.
VUu naran0a se estR comiendo. VUuin de ustedes niWas estR comiendo las naran0as.
#a diferencia entre 7hat y 7hich ( es la siguiente' 6uando nos referimos a personas se suele utili5ar NwhatN. !in embargo, empleamos NwhichN cuando -ueremos ser mRs precisos y dar una elecciMn entre dos o mRs cosas' 7ho O7hoO!ignifica Uuin y puede ser su0eto u ob0eto.se refiere siempre a personas o a cosas personificadas. 7ho is eating VUuin esta comiendo la the naran0a. orange. 7ho bought VUuin comprM la naran0a. the orange. 7hose Posesivo.se refiere a personas Znicamente. 7hose is the VDe -uin es la naran0a. orange.
:. === are you from. I am from #ondon Which What Where Who 8. 555 are 3ou eating4 I am eating fish Which What Where How much ;. 555 are 3ou4 I am (om Which What Where Who <. 555 is 3our name4 M3 name is (om 7hich 7hat 7here +ow J. RRR a!e ,o+K I a5 :ine 03an6sK Which What Where How
who
B. === will you play. I will play in the park which what 7here how much
D. === much is the red book. It is threeY which what 7here how
ondays
" bought it last wee. "tDs in the bag "tDs on the des. "tDs blue
'(. what colour is the pencil> "t was last wee. "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs blue
'*. Where is the pencil> "tDs last wee. "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs blue
',. Whose is the pencil> "tDs :aryDs "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs blue '-. Which pencil is it> "tDs the yellow one "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs :aryDs
'1. How much was the pencil> "t was '[ "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs :aryDs
'@. Who bought you the pencil> :ary bought it "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs blue
'3. Why did you buy the pencil> because it was cheap "tDs in the bag "tDs on the des. "tDs blue
'?. How many pencils have you got> "tDs last wee. "tDs on :onday "Dve got three "tDs blue (M. What did you write with the pencil> " wrote a letter "tDs on :onday "tDs on the des. "tDs :aryDs
which
What
How
How
When
How
,'os pronom#res refle/i os se usan para e/presar Hue la acciIn recae so#re el su!eto. " can see myself :e veo
M3self 3ouself himself herself itself oneself oursel es 3oursel es themsel es +lgunos eGemplos I wash m3self +he can see herself (he3 will #urn themsel es =ou can do it 3oursel es
meJ 3o mismo teJ tu mismo seJel mismo seJella misma seJello mismo unoJseJuno mismo nosJnosotros mismos anJustedes mismos seJellos mismos
(he #a#3 can:t feed El #e#e no puede himself alimentarse a si mismo Ae looked at himself El se mirI al espe!o in the mirror