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ARTICLE VIII JUDICIARY 216. SANTIAGO VS. BAUTISTA judicial power and judicial function Teodoro Santia o !

!a" a Grade 6 #$#i% at Sero E%e&. S'(oo%. )e !a" ad*$d ed +rd )onor" ,+rd #%a'er-. + da." /e0ore rad$ation1 Teodoro and (i" #arent" "o$ (t t(e in2a%idation o0 t(e ran3in o0 (onor "t$dent". T(e. 0i%ed a CERTIORARI 'a"e a ain"t t(e #rin'i#a% and tea'(er" !(o 'o&#o"ed t(e 'o&&ittee on ratin (onor". T(e. 'ontend t(at t(e 'o&&ittee a'ted !it( ra2e a/$"e o0 o00i'ia% di"'retion /e'a$"e t(e. '%ai& t(at o t(e 1"t and 2nd #%a'er" (ad ne2er /een a '%o"e ri2a% o0 Santia o /e0ore1 e4'e#t in Grade 5 on%.. o T(at Santia o !a" a 'on"i"tent (onor "t$dent 0ro& Grade 1 to 5 o t(at t(e 1"t #%a'er !a" 'oa'(ed and t$tored /. rade 6 tea'(er" d$rin t(e "$&&er , ainin $n0air ad2anta eo T(e 'o&&ittee !a" 'o&#o"ed on%. o0 Grade 6 tea'(er". o T(at "o&e tea'(er" a2e Santo" a 657 !it( an intention to #$%% (i& to a &$'( %o!er ran3 o T(at in t(e )onor" Certi0i'ate in Grade 11 t(e !ord 80ir"t #%a'e9 !a" era"ed and re#%a'ed !it( 8"e'ond #%a'e9 o T(at t(e :rin'i#a% and di"tri't "$#er2i"or" &ere%. #a""ed t(e /$'3 to ea'( ot(er to de%a. (i" rie2an'e". T(e re"#ondent" 0i%ed a ;TD '%ai&in t(at t(e a'tion !a" i&#ro#er1 and t(at e2en a""$&in it !a" #ro#er1 t(e <$e"tion (a" /e'o&e a'ade&i' ,/e'a$"e t(e rad$ation a%read. #ro'eeded-. Re"#ondent" a%"o ar $e t(at t(ere !a" no GADALEJ on t(e #art o0 t(e tea'(er" "in'e t(e Co&&ittee on Ratin " i" not a tri/$na%1 nor /oard1 e4er'i"in *$di'ia% 0$n'tion". ,$nder R$%e 651 'ertiorari i" a re&ed. a ain"t *$di'ia% 0$n'tion"-

ISSUE= &a. *$di'ia% 0$n'tion /e e4er'i"ed in t(i" 'a"e> ?(at i" *$di'ia% #o!er> SC= A *$di'ia% 0$n'tion i" an a't #er0or&ed /. 2irt$e o0 *$di'ia% #o!er". T(e e4er'i"e o0 *$di'ia% 0$n'tion i" t(e doin o0 "o&et(in in t(e nat$re o0 t(e a'tion o0 t(e 'o$rt. In order 0or an a'tion 0or 'ertiorari to e4i"t1 ,TEST TO DETER;INE ?)ET)ER A TRIBUNAL OR BOARD E@ERCISES JUDICIAL AUNCTIONS1- t(ere &$"t /e "#e'i0i' 'ontro2er". in2o%2in ri (t" o0 #er"on" /ro$ (t /e0ore a tri/$na% 0or (earin and deter&ination. 1 and 2- t(at t(e tri/$na% &$"t (a2e t(e #o!er and a$t(orit. to #rono$n'e *$d &ent and render a de'i"ion. +- t(e tri/$na% &$"t #ertain to t(at /ran'( o0 t(e "o2erei n !(i'( /e%on " to t(e *$di'iar. ,or at %ea"t t(e not t(e %e i"%ati2e nor t(e e4e'$ti2eIt &a./e "aid t(at t(e e4er'i"e o0 *$di'ia% 0$n'tion i" to deter&ine !(at t(e %a! i"1 and !(at t(e %e a% ri (t" o0 #artie" are1 !it( re"#e't to a &atter in 'ontro2er".. T(e #(ra"e *$di'ia% #o!er i" de0ined= a" a$t(orit. to deter&ine t(e ri (t" o0 #er"on" or #ro#ert..

a$t(orit. 2e"ted in "o&e 'o$rt1 o00i'er or #er"on" to (ear and deter&ine !(en t(e ri (t" o0 #er"on" or #ro#ert. or t(e #ro#riet. o0 doin an a't i" t(e "$/*e't &atter o0 ad*$di'ation. T(e #o!er e4er'i"ed /. 'o$rt" in (earin and deter&inin 'a"e" /e0ore t(e&. T(e 'on"tr$'tion o0 %a!" and t(e ad*$di'ation o0 %e a% ri (t". T(e "oB'a%%ed Co&&ittee 0or Ratin )onor St$dent" are neit(er *$di'ia% nor <$a"iB *$di'ia% /odie" in t(e #er0or&an'e o0 it" a""i ned ta"3. It i" ne'e""ar. t(at t(ere /e a LA? t(at i2e" ri"e to "o&e "#e'i0i' ri (t" o0 #er"on" or #ro#ert. $nder !(i'( ad2er"e '%ai&" to "$'( ri (t" are &ade1 and t(e 'ontro2er". en"$rin t(ere0ro& i" /ro$ (t in t$rn1 to t(e tri/$na% or /oard '%ot(ed !it( #o!er and a$t(orit. to deter&ine !(at t(at %a! i" and t(ere$#on ad*$di'ate t(e re"#e'ti2e ri (t" o0 'ontendin #artie". T(ere i" not(in a/o$t an. r$%e o0 %a! t(at #ro2ide" 0or !(en tea'(er" "it do!n to a""e"" indi2id$a% &erit" o0 t(eir #$#i%" 0or #$r#o"e" o0 ratin t(e& 0or (onor". ?or"e "ti%%1 t(e #etitioner" (a2e not #re"ented t(e #ertinent #ro2i"ion" o0 t(e Ser2i'e ;an$a% 0or Tea'(er" !(i'( !a" a%%e ed%. 2io%ated /. t(e Co&&ittee. T(e *$di'iar. (a" no #o!er to re2er"e t(e a!ard o0 t(e /oard o0 *$d e". And 0or t(at &atter1 it !o$%d not inter0ere in %iterar. 'onte"t"1 /ea$t. 'onte"t"1 and "i&i%ar 'o&#etition". La"t #rinted 6C1DC2EE5 1E=FF a6C#6 C)A;::a e 2

216. NOBLEJAS VS. TEE)ANGEE No/%e*a" !a" t(e 'o&&i""ioner o0 %and re i"tration. Under RA 11511 (e i" entit%ed to t(e "a&e 'o&#en"ation1 e&o%$&ent"1 and #ri2i%e e" a" t(o"e o0 a J$d e o0 CAI. )e a##ro2ed a "$/di2i"ion #%an 'o2erin 'ertain area" t(at are in e4'e"" o0 t(o"e 'o2ered /. t(e tit%e T(e Se'retar. o0 J$"ti'e1 Tee(an3ee1 "ent a %etter to No/%e*a"1 re<$irin (i& to e4#%ain. No/%e*a" an"!ered1 ar $in t(at "in'e (e (a" a ran3 e<$i2a%ent to t(at o0 a J$d e1 (e 'o$%d on%. /e "$"#ended and in2e"ti ated in t(e "a&e &anner a" an ordinar. J$d e1 $nder t(e J$di'iar. A't. )e '%ai&" t(at (e &a. /e in2e"ti ated on%. /. t(e S$#re&e Co$rt Ne2ert(e%e""1 (e !a" "$"#ended /. t(e E4e'$ti2e Se'retar. ,ESNo/%e*a" 0i%ed t(i" 'a"e '%ai&in t(e %a'3 o0 *$ri"di'tion o0 t(e ES and (i" a/$"e o0 di"'retion.

ISSUE= ?(et(er t(e Co&&i""ioner o0 Land Re i"tratoin &a. on%. /e in2e"ti ated /. t(e S$#re&e Co$rt ,in 2ie! o0 (i" (a2in a ran3 e<$i2a%ent to a *$d e-> SC= NO. I0 t(e %a! (ad rea%%. intended to in'%$de t(e enera% rant o0 8ran3 and #ri2i%e e" e<$i2a%ent to J$d e"91 t(e ri (t to /e in2e"ti ated and /e "$"#ended or re&o2ed on%. /. t(e S$#re&e Co$rt1 t(en "$'( rant o0 #ri2i%e e" !o$%d /e $n'on"tit$tiona%1 "in'e it !o$%d 2io%ate t(e do'trine o0 "e#aration o0 #o!er" because it would charge the Supreme Court with an administrative function of supervisory control over executive officials, simultaneously reducing pro tanto, the control of the Chief Executive over such officials. T(ere i" no in(erent #o!er in t(e E4e'$ti2e or Le i"%ati2e to '(ar e t(e J$di'iar. !it( ad&ini"trati2e 0$n'tion" e4'e#t !(en rea"ona/%e in'identa% to t(e 0$%0i%%&ent o0 *$di'ia% d$tie". T(e *$di'iar. 'annot i2e de'i"ion" !(i'( are &ere%. ad2i"or.1 nor 'an it e4er'i"e or #arti'i#ate in t(e e4er'i"e o0 0$n'tion" !(i'( are e""entia%%. %e i"%ati2e or ad&ini"trati2e. T(e S$#re&e Co$rt and it" &e&/er" "(o$%d not and 'annot /e re<$ired to e4er'i"e an. #o!er or to #er0or& an. tr$"t or to a""$&e an. d$t. not #ertainin to or 'onne'ted !it( t(e ad&ini"tration o0 *$di'ia% 0$n'tion". A" "$'(1 RA 1151 !(i%e 'on0errin t(e "a&e #ri2i%e e" a" t(o"e o0 a *$d e1 did not in'%$de and !a" not intended to in'%$de1 t(e ri (t to de&and in2e"ti ation /. t(e S$#re&e Co$rt1 and to /e "$"#ended or re&o2ed on%. $#on t(e Co$rtH" re'o&&endation. Said ri (t" !o$%d /e 2io%ati2e o0 t(e Con"tit$tion. T(e "$"#en"ion o0 No/%e*a" /. t(e ES 2a%id. A%"o1 t(e re"o%$tion o0 t(e 'on"$%ta /. a Re i"ter o0 Deed" i" NOT a *$di'ia% 0$n'tion1 /$t an ad&ini"trati2e #ro'e"". It i" 'on'%$"i2e and /indin on%. $#on t(e Re i"ter o0 Deed"1 NOT t(e #artie" t(e&"e%2e". E2en i0 t(e re"o%$tion i" a##ea%a/%e1 it doe" not

a$to&ati'a%%. &ean t(at t(e. are *$di'ia% in '(ara'ter. Sti%%1 t(e re"o%$tion o0 t(e 'on"$%ta" are /$t a &ini&a% #ortion o0 t(e ad&ini"trati2e or e4e'$ti2e 0$n'tion".

21D. DIRECTOR OA :RISONS VS. ANG C)O GIO #o!er to re'o&&end An !a" 'on2i'ted and !a" ranted 'onditiona% #ardon. )e !a" ne2er to ret$rn to t(e :(i%i##ine". In 2io%ation o0 (i" #ardon1 (e ret$rned. )e !a" re'o&&itted /. order o0 t(e E4e'$ti2e Se'retar.. )e 0i%ed a #etition 0or (a/ea" 'or#$". RTC denied. CA a%"o denied it. B$t t(e CA &ade a re'o&&endation t(at An &a. /e a%%o!ed to %ea2e t(e 'o$ntr. on t(e 0ir"t a2ai%a/%e tran"#oration a/road. T(e So% en a""ai%ed t(i" CA de'i"ion1 '%ai&in t(at t(e re'o&&endation /. t(e CA "(o$%d not /e #art o0 t(e de'i"ion1 /e'a$"e it i2e" t(e de'i"ion a #o%iti'a% 'o&#%e4tion1 /e'a$"e 'o$rt" are not e&#o!ered to &a3e "$'( re'o&&endation1 nor i" it in(erent or in'identa% in t(e e4er'i"e o0 *$di'ia% #o!er". T(e So% en 'ontend" t(at a%%o!in 'on2i'ted a%ien" to %ea2e t(e 'o$ntr. i" an a't o0 t(e "tate e4er'i"e" "o%e%. in t(e di"'retion o0 t(e C(ie0 E4e'$ti2e. It i" $r ed t(at t(e a't o0 "endin an $nde"ira/%e a%ien o$t o0 t(e 'o$ntr. i" #o%iti'a% in '(ara'ter1 and t(e 'o$rt" "(o$%d not inter0ere !it(1 nor atte&#t to in0%$en'e1 t(e #o%iti'a% a't" o0 t(e :re"ident.

ISSUE= ?(et(er t(e CA de'i"ion !a" #ro#er> Can it &a3e re'o&&endation"> SC= NO. T(e 'a"e in t(e CA !a" 0or (a/ea" 'or#$". T(e on%. i""$e t(ere !a" !(et(er t(e RTC 'orre'te%. denied t(e #etition. T(e CA !a" not 'a%%ed $#on t(e re2ie! an. "enten'e i&#o"ed $#on An . T(e "enten'e a ain"t (i& (ad %on /e'o&e 0ina% and in 0a't1 (e !a" #ardoned. T(e o#inion "(o$%d (a2e /een %i&ited to t(e a00ir&an'e o0 t(e de'i"ion o0 t(e RTC1 and no &ore. T(e re'o&&endator. #o!er o0 t(e 'o$rt" are %i&ited to t(o"e e4#re""%. #ro2ided in t(e %a!1 "$'( a" Art 5 R:C. ,!(en an a't i" not #$ni"(a/%e /. %a! *$d e "(o$%d re#ort it to t(e e4e'$ti2e-. T(e CA !a" "i&#%. 'a%%ed to deter&ine !(et(er An !a" i%%e a%%. 'on0ined or not $nder t(e Dire'tor o0 :ri"on" ,0or 2io%atin t(e #ardon-. It !a" i&#ro#er 0or t(e CA *$"ti'e" to &a3e a re'o&&endation t(at !o$%d "$ e"t a &odi0i'ation or 'orre'tion o0 t(e a't o0 t(e :re"ident. T(e &atter o0 !(et(er an a%ien !(o 2io%ated t(e %a! &a. re&ain or /e de#orted i" a #o%iti'a% <$e"tion t(at "(o$%d /e %e0t entire%. to t(e :re"ident1 $nder t(e #rin'i#%e o0 "e#aration o0 #o!er". It i" not !it(in t(e #ro2in'e o0 t(e *$di'iar. to e4#re"" an o#inion1 or a "$ e"tion t(at !o$%d re0%e't on t(e !i"do& or #ro#riet. o0 an a'tion /. t(e :re"ident1 !(i'( are #$re%. #o%iti'a% in nat$re. A0ter a%%1 'o$rt" are not 'on'erned !it( t(e !i"do& or &ora%it. o0 %a!"1 /$t on%. in t(e inter#retation and a##%i'ation o0 t(e %a!. J$d e" "(o$%d re0rain 0ro& e4#re""in irre%e2ant o#inion" in t(eir de'i"ion" !(i'( &a. on%. re0%e't $n0a2ora/%. $#on t(e 'o&#eten'e and t(e #ro#riet. o0 t(eir *$di'ia% a't$ation". S$&&ar.=

1- Re'o&&endator. #o!er" o0 t(e SC $nder R:C doe" not in'%$de &atter" !(i'( are #$re%. #o%iti'a% in nat$re. ,ot(er!i"e it 2io%ate" "e#aration o0 #o!er"2- de#ortation o0 a%ien" i" a #o%iti'a% <$e"tion +- o#inion o0 *$d e" "(o$%d /e re%e2ant to t(e <$e"tion #re"ented 0or de'i"ion. 21I. In re LAURETA #o!er to #re"er2e *$di'iar. J" (onor ;ara2i%%a I%%$"tre !rote to t(e *$"ti'e" o0 t(e SC1 'o&#%ainin a/o$t t(e di"&i""a% o0 t(e (er 'a"e ,a %and di"#$te in2o%2in %ar e e"tate- /. a &in$teBre"o%$tion. I%%$"tre '%ai&" t(at it !a" an $n*$"t re"o%$tion de%i/erate%. and 3no!in %. #ro&$% ated /. t(e 1"t Di2i"ion1 t(at it !a" rai%roaded !it( "$'( ($rr. /e.ond t(e %i&it" o0 %e a% and *$di'ia% et(i'". I%%$"tre a%"o t(reatened in (er %etter t(at1 8t(ere i" not(in 0ina% in t(i" !or%d. T(i" 'a"e i" 0ar 0ro& 0ini"(ed /. a %on "(ot.9 S(e t(reatened t(at "(e !o$%d 'a%% 0or a #re"" 'on0eren'e. I%%$"treH" %etter /a"i'a%%. atta'3" t(e #arti'i#ation o0 J$"ti'e :edro Ya# in t(e 0ir"t di2i"ion. It !a" e"ta/%i"(ed t(at J$"ti'e Ya# !a" #re2io$"%. a %a! #artner o0 Att.. OrdoneK1 no! t(e So% en and 'o$n"e% 0or t(e o##onent". T(e %etter" !ere re0erred to t(e SC en /an'. T(e SC '%ari0ied t(at !(en t(e &in$teBre"o%$tion !a" i""$ed1 t(e #re"idin *$"ti'e t(en !a" not J$"ti'e Ya# /$t J$"ti'e A/ad Santo" ,!(o !a" a/o$t to retire-1 and t(at J$"ti'e Ya# !a" not a!are t(at Att. OrdoneK !a" t(e o##onent" 'o$n"e%. It !a" a%"o &ade '%ear t(at J$"ti'e Ya# e2ent$a%%. in(i/ited (i&"e%0 0ro& t(e 'a"e. Sti%%1 I%%$"tre !rote %etter" to t(e ot(er *$"ti'e" ,Nar2a"a1 )errera1 Cr$K-1 a ain !it( &ore t(reat" to 8e4#o"e t(e 3ind o0 *$di'ia% #er0or&an'e readi%. 'on"tit$tin tra2e"t. o0 *$"ti'e.9 Tr$e to (er t(reat"1 I%%$"tre %ater 0i%ed a 'ri&ina% 'o&#%aint /e0ore t(e Tanod/a.an1 '(ar in t(e J$"ti'e" !it( 3no!in %. renderin an $n*$"t ;in$te Re"o%$tion. J$"ti'e Ya# and So% en OrdoneK !ere a%"o '(ar ed o0 $"in t(eir in0%$en'e in t(e Air"t Di2i"ion in renderin "aid ;in$te Re"o%$tion. Att. LAURETA !a" t(e 'o$n"e% o0 I%%$"tre. )e 'ir'$%ate 'o#ie" o0 t(e 'o&#%ain to t(e #re""1 !it(o$t an. 'o#. 0$rni"(ed t(e Co$rt1 nor t(e J$"ti'e" '(ar ed. It !a" &ade to a##ear t(at t(e J$"ti'e" !ere '(ar ed !it( ra0t and 'orr$#tion. T(e Tanod/a.an di"&i""ed t(e 'o&#%aint. No!1 t(e SC i" '(ar in t(e& !it( 'onte&#t. T(e. '%ai& t(at t(e %etter" !ere #ri2ate 'o&&$ni'ation1 and t(at t(e. did not intend to di"(onor t(e 'o$rt.

SC= T(e %etter" 0or&ed #art o0 t(e *$di'ia% re'ord and are a &atter o0 'on'ern 0or t(e entire 'o$rt. T(ere i" no 2indi'ti2e re#ri"a% in2o%2ed (ere. T(e Co$rtH" a$t(orit. and d$t. $nder t(e #re&i"e" i" $n&i"ta3a/%e. It &$"t a't to #re"er2e it" (onor and di nit. 0ro& t(e "'$rri%o$" atta'3" o0 an irate %a!.er1 &o$t(ed /. (i" '%ient1 and to "a0e $ard t(e &ora%" and et(i'" o0 t(e %e a% #ro0e""ion. ?e re not 'on2in'ed t(at Att. La$reta (ad not(in to do !it( I%$"treH" %etter"1 nor !it( t(e 'o&#%aint 0i%ed !it( t(e tanod/a.an. Att. La$reta re#eated di"#ara in re&ar3" "$'( a" 8$nd$e in0%$en'e91 #o!er0$% in0%$en'e9 in (i" #%eadin ". T(i" !a"

/o%"tered /. t(e re#ort t(at La$reta di"tri/$ted 'o#ie" o0 t(e 'o&#%aint to t(e ne!"#a#er 'o&#anie" in en2e%o#e" /earin (i" na&e. )e !a" a%"o (eard o2er t(e radio. La"t%.1 a" I%%$"treH" %a!.er1 (e (ad 'ontro% o0 t(e #ro'eedin ". In "(ort1 SC resolutions are beyond investigation from other departments of the government because of separation of powers. The correctness of the SC decisions are conclusive upon other branches of government. 22E. EC)EGARY VS. SOJ "$"#en"ion o0 e4e'$tion o0 de'i"ion E'(e ara. . :i%o 0or t(e 'ri&e o0 ra#e o0 t(e 1E .earBo%d da$ (ter o0 (i" 'o&&onB%a! "#o$"e and t(e i&#o"ition $#on (i& o0 t(e deat( #ena%t. 0or t(e "aid 'ri&e. :etitioner d$%. 0i%ed a ;otion 0or Re'on"ideration rai"in 0or t(e 0ir"t ti&e t(e i""$e o0 t(e 'on"tit$tiona%it. o0 Re#$/%i' A't No. 665I ,t(e deat( #ena%t. %a!- and t(e i&#o"ition o0 t(e deat( #ena%t. 0or t(e 'ri&e o0 ra#e. In t(e &eanti&e1 Con re"" (ad "een it 0it to '(an e t(e &ode o0 e4e'$tion o0 t(e deat( #ena%t. 0ro& e%e'tro'$tion to %et(a% in*e'tion1 F and #a""ed Re#$/%i' A't No. D1661 :etitioner 0i%ed a :etition D 0or :ro(i/ition1 In*$n'tion andCor Te&#orar. Re"trainin Order to en*oin re"#ondent" Se'retar. o0 J$"ti'e and Dire'tor o0 t(e B$rea$ o0 :ri"on" 0ro& 'arr.in o$t t(e e4e'$tion /. %et(a% in*e'tion1 '%ai&in it a" 'r$e% 0or& o0 #$ni"(&ent1 a&on &an. ot(er". t(e Co$rt re"o%2ed1 !it(o$t i2in d$e 'o$r"e to t(e #etition1 to re<$ire t(e re"#ondent" to CO;;ENT t(ereon !it(in a nonBe4tendi/%e #eriod o0 ten ,1Eda." 0ro& noti'e1 and dire'ted t(e #artie" Lto ;AINTAIN t(e "tat$" <$o #re2ai%in at t(e ti&e o0 t(e 0i%in o0 t(i" #etition.L

,0ro& #o%i 'o&#endi$&= T(e de'i"ion "enten'in (i& to deat( #$r"$ant to RA 665I /e'a&e 0ina%. U#on &otion o0 t(e #etitioner1 t(e SC i""$ed a TRO re"trainin (i" e4e'$tion on t(e ro$nd t(at t(ere i" a #o""i/i%it. t(at Con re"" &i (t re#ea% RA 665I. Re"#ondent ar $ed t(at t(e TRO !a" i%%e a% /e'a$"e in e00e't it ranted #etitioner a re#rie2e1 !(i'( !a" t(e e4'%$"i2e #rero ati2e o0 t(e :re"identSC= T(e 'on"tit$tiona% #ro2i"ion rantin t(e :re"idnet t(e #o!er to rant re#rie2e" 'annot /e inter#reted a" den.in t(e #o!er o0 t(e 'o$rt" to 'ontro% t(e en0or'e&ent o0 t(eir de'i"ion" a0ter t(eir 0ina%it.. An a''$"ed !(o (a" /een 'on2i'ted /. 0ina% *$d &ent "ti%% #o""e""e" 'o%%atera% ri (t"1 and t(e"e 'an /e '%ai&ed in a #ro#er 'o$rt. Aor in"tan'e1 a 'on2i't !(o /e'o&e" in"ane a0ter (i" 0ina% 'on2i'tion 'annot /e e4e'$ted !(i%e in a "tate o0 in"anit.. The suspension of death sentence is an exercise of judicial power.

221. LINA VS. :URISI;A #o!er to di"#en"e r$%e" L$a%(ati Lina !a" a /oo33ee#erat :VB. :etitioner 0i%e" 0or &anda&$" to 'o&#e% Ca/ano" ,:re"ident o0 :(i%. Veteran" Ban3- to re"tore Lina to (er #o"ition. Lina '%ai&" "(e !a" re&o2ed 0ro& o00i'e /. Ca/ano" !(o a'ted in ada%e*. It a##eared 0ro& t(e anne4e" o0 t(e a&ended #etition t(at Lina !a" di"&i""ed /. Ca/ano" #$r"$ant to LOI M 1+ C LOI M 1I 0or /ein notorio$"%. $nde"ira/%e. T(e RTC di"&i""ed t(e #etition /e'a$"e= o Sin'e t(e re&o2a% o0 Lina !a" #$r"$ant to LOI i""$ed /. t(e :re"ident #$r"$ant to :ro'%a&ation 1ED11 t(e 2a%idit. or %e a%it. o0 "aid a't i" /e.ond t(e #o!er o0 t(e 'o$rt" to re2ie!1 &$'( %e"" &odi0.1 or re2er"e. T(i" i" one o0 t(e e4#re"" %i&itation" $#on t(e #o!er o0 t(e Co$rt" in GENERAL ORDER M + /. :re"ident ;ar'o". o T(e Genera% Order #ro2ide" t(at t(e 'o$rt" 'annot r$%e $#on t(e 2a%idit. or %e a%it. o0 an. de'ree order or a't i""$ed /. :re"ident ;ar'o"1 #$r"$ant to :ro'%a&ation 1ED1.

SC= T(e #etitionerH" ri (t to redre"" i" /e.ond di"#$te. ?(en t(e RTC in2o3ed Genera% Order M+1 it !a" not(in "(ort o0 an $n!arranted a/di'ation o0 *$di'ia% a$t(orit.. T(e *$d e !a" a##arent%. $na!are t(at t(e Co$rt (a" a%!a." dee&ed Genera% Order M + a" #ra'ti'a%%. ino#erati2e e2en in t(e %i (t o0 :ro'%a&ation 1ED1. T(ere i" $nani&it. a&on U" in t(e 2ie! t(at it i" 0or t(e Co$rt rat(er t(an t(e E4e'$ti2e to deter&ine !(et(er or not ?e &a3e ta3e 'o niKan'e o0 an. i2en 'a"e in2o%2in t(e 2a%idit. o0 t(e a't" o0 t(e E4e'$ti2e #$r#orted%. $nder t(e a$t(orit. o0 &artia% %a! #ro'%a&ation". A%"o1 t(e :re"ident (a" #$/%i'%. a'3no!%ed ed t(at e2en i0 t(ere !a" &artia% %a!1 it i" "ti%% "$/*e't to t(e a$t(orit. and *$ri"di'tion o0 t(e SC. T($"1 t(e RTC 'o&&itted ra2e error in not ta3in *$ri"di'tion o2er t(e 'a"e. Ordinari%.1 t(e 'a"e "(o$%d /e re&anded to t(e *$d e to /e tried on t(e &erit". Yet1 t(i" S$#re&e Co$rt1 !(o"e #o!er and d$t. to do *$"ti'e are in(erent1 #%enar. and i&#erati2e1 e4tend" to a%% in"tan'e" !(ere it a##ear" t(at 0ina% re"o%$tion o0 t(e #artie" in2o%2ed 0$%% o##ort$nit. to /e (eard. T($"1 t(e SC &a. at it" o#tion1 !(ene2er it 0ee%" t(e /e"t intere"t o0 *$"ti'e !o$%d /e t(ere/. "$/"er2ed1 di"#en"e !it( t(e $"$a% #ro'ed$re o0 re&andin t(e 'a"e to t(e 'o$rt o0 ori in 0or it" o!n *$d &ent1 and in"tead1 t(e SC &a. a%read. re"o%2e t(e i""$e" and rended t(e 0ina% *$d &ent on t(e &erit". SC rein"tated Lina to !or3.

222. TAN VS1 ;ACA:AGAL *$di'ia% re2ie! 0or ad*$di'ation Tan et. a% ,a" ta4#a.er"- 0i%ed a #etition 0or de'%arator. re%ie0 a""ai%in t(e 2a%idit. o0 t(e LAUREL LEIDO RESOLUTION !(i'( dea%" !it( t(e a$t(orit. o0 t(e 1I61 Con"tit$tiona% Con2ention to de'%are t(at it (a" no #o!er to 'on"ider and ado#t #ro#o"a%" !(i'( "ee3 to re2i"e t(e 'on"tit$tion t(ro$ ( t(e ado#tion o0 a ne! 0or& o0 o2ern&ent. Under t(e Re"o%$tion1 t(e ConBCon i" &ere%. e&#o!ered to #ro#o"e a&end&ent" to t(e Con"ti1 !it(o$t a%terin t(e enera% #%an. T(e SC di"&i""ed it. Tan 0i%ed a ;R. T(e &e&/er" o0 t(e ConBCon '%ai& t(at Tan (a" no #er"ona% and "$/"tantia% intere"t in t(e 'a"e.

ISSUE= ?(t(er t(e #etitioner" (ad t(e "tandin to "ee3 a de'%aration o0 t(e n$%%it. o0 t(e re"o%$tion o0 t(e ConBCon. SC= NO. T(e r$%e i"1 8An. #er"on !(o i&#$ n" t(e 2a%idit. o0 t(e "tat$te &$"t (a2e a #er"ona% and "$/"tantia% intere"t in t(e 'a"e "$'( t(at (e (a" "$"tained1 or !i%% "$"tain1 dire't in*$r. a" a re"$%t o0 it" en0or'e&ent.9 )o!e2er1 t(ere are &an. in"tan'e" !(ere ta4#a.er" 'an n$%%i0. %a!". B$t t(i" i" $#on t(e t(eor. t(at t(e e4#endit$re o0 #$/%i' 0$nd" 0or #$r#o"e o0 ad&ini"terin an $n'on"tit$tiona% a't 'on"tit$te" a &i"a##%i'ation o0 "$'( 0$nd". )en'e1 it &a. /e en*oined at t(e in"tan'e o0 ta4#a.er". Ne2ert(e%e""1 t(e Co$rt (a" t(e di"'retion !(et(er to entertain a ta4#a.erH" "$it. In t(e GonKa%e" 'a"e1 it !a" (e%d t(at ta4#a.er" &$"t !ait /e0ore 0i%in t(e "$it $nti% AATER T)E ENACT;ENT OA T)E STATUTE. It !a" on%. t(en t(at t(e &atter !a" ri#e 0or ad*$di'ation. :rior to t(at "ta e1 t(e *$di'iar. (ad to 3ee# it" (and" o00. T(e *$di'iar. !i%% neit(er dire't nor re"train e4e'$ti2e or %e i"%ati2e a'tion ,"e#aration o0 #o!er"-. )en'e1 a" %on a" an. #ro#o"ed a&end&ent i" "ti%% $na'ted on /. it1 t(ere i" no roo& 0or *$di'ia% o2er"i (t. Unti% t(en1 t(e 'o$rt" are de2oid o0 *$ri"di'tion. )ere1 !(at i" /ein a"3ed !a" t(at t(e *$di'iar. in<$ire into t(e 2a%idit. o0 t(e a't" o0 t(e ConBCon. )o!e2er1 it i" a #reBre<$i"ite t(at "o&et(in (ad /. t(en /een a''o&#%i"(ed or #er0or&ed /e0ore 'o$rt &a. in<$ire. ?(at t(e ConBCon did !a" &ere%. to #ro#o"e an a&end&ent to t(e Con"ti. T(ere i" no roo& 0or *$di'ia% re2ie!. La"t "a2ed /. #at

:a e I 1C22C2E1F

22+. TELECO;S VS. CO;ELEC %o'$" "tandi Te%e'o&" and Broad'a"t Attorne." o0 t(e :(i%" ,TELEBA:- i" an or aniKation o0 %a!.er" o0 radio and t2 'o&#anie". T(e. are "$in a" ta4#a.er" and 'itiKen" and re i"tered 2oter". T(e. a""ai% t(e 2a%idit. o0 B: DD1 !(i'( re<$ire" t(at radio and t2 'o&#anie" #ro2ide 0ree airti&e to Co&e%e' 0or t(e $"e o0 'andidate" in t(e 'a&#ai n and 0or ot(er #o%iti'a% #$r#o"e". Te%e/a# '%ai&" t(at t(e %a! ta3e" #ro#ert. !it(o$t d$e #ro'e"" and t(at it 2io%ate" t(e e&inent do&ain '%a$"e !(i'( #ro2ide" 0or #a.&ent o0 *$"t 'o&#en"ation. G;A Net!or31 a%"o 0i%ed a "i&i%ar 'a"e.

ISSUE= ?(et(er Te%e/a# and G;A (a2e %o'$" "tandi SC= Te%e/a# No "tandin a" CITINENS. A CitiKen !i%% /e a%%o!ed to rai"e a 'on"tit$tiona% <$e"tion on%. !(en (e 'an "(o! t(at (e (a" #er"ona%%. "$00ered "o&e a't$a% or t(reatened in*$r. a" a re"$%t o0 t(e a%%e ed%. i%%e a% 'ond$'t o0 o2ern&ent1 t(at t(e in*$r. i" 0air%. tra'ea/%e to t(e '(a%%en ed a'tion1 and t(at t(e in*$r. i" %i3e%. to /e redre""ed /. a 0a2ora/%e a'tion. In t(i" 'a"e1 it (a" not "(o!n t(at t(e. !i%% "$00er or (a2e "$00ered (ar& a" a re"$%t o0 t(e o#eration o0 B: DD1. Te%e/a# No "tandin a" REGISTERED VOTERS. No intere"t a" re i"tered 2oter" "in'e t(i" 'a"e doe" not 'on'ern t(eir ri (t to "$00ra e. T(eir intere"t in B: DD1 "(o$%d /e #re'i"e%. in $#(o%din it" 2a%idit.. Te%e/a# No "tandin a" TA@:AYERS. No intere"t a" ta4#a.er" "in'e t(i" 'a"e doe" not in2o%2e t(e e4e'i"e /. Con re"" o0 it" ta4in or "#endin #o!er. A #art. "$in a" a ta4#a.er &$"t "#e'i0i'a%%. "(o! t(at (e (a" "$00i'ient intere"t in #re2entin t(e i%%e a% e4#endit$re o0 &one. rai"ed /. ta4ation and t(at (e !i%% "$"tain dire't in*$r. a" a re"$%0 o0 t(e en0or'e&ent o0 t(e <$e"tioned "tat$te. Te%e/a# No "tandin a" COR:ORATE ENTITY No "tandin to a""ert t(e ri (t" o0 radio and te%e2i"ion 'o&#anie" !(i'( t(e. re#re"ent. T(e &ere 0a't t(at Te%e/a# i" 'o&#o"ed o0 %a!.er" in t(e /road'a"t ind$"tr. doe" not entit%e t(e& to /rin t(i" "$it in t(eir na&e a" re#re"entati2e" o0 t(e a00e'ted 'o&#anie". Standing jus tertii !i%% /e re'o niKed on%. i0 it 'an /e "(o!n t(at t(e #art. "$in (a" "o&e "$/"tantia% re%ation to t(e t(ird #art.1 or t(at t(e t(ird #art. 'annot a""ert (i" 'on"tit$tiona% ri (t. G;A6 (a" "tandin .

Sin'e G;A o#erate" radio and t2 /road'a"t "tation"1 t(e. !i%% /e a00e'ted /. t(e en0or'e&ent o0 B: DD1. It "$00ered %o""e" a&o$ntin to "e2era% &i%%ion" in #ro2idin Co&e%e' ti&e in 'onne'tion !it( t(e 1II2 and 1II5 e%e'toin". No!1 it" "tand" to "$00er e2en &ore "(o$%d it /e re<$ired to do "o a ain t(i" .ear ,1IID e%e'tion"-. G;AH" a%%e ation" t(at it !i%% "$00er %o""e" a ain i" "$00i'ient to i2e it "tandin to <$e"tion t(e 2a%idit. o0 B: DD1.

22F. JOYA 2". :CGGG %o'$" "tandi #ri2ate 0$nd" :etitioner" are arti"t" ,Jo.a1 Na3#i%1 Ar&ida Si $ion Re.na1 ;a%an 1 An Gi$ Go31 :o%otan1 Ga"i%a 1 A%&ario1 et. a%-. T(e. "ee3 to en*oin t(e :CGG 0ro& #ro'eedin !it( t(e A$'tion Sa%e /. C(ri"tie" o0 Ne! Yor3 o0 O%d ;a"ter" :aintin " and 1Dt( and 1It( 'ent$r. "i%2er!are "eiKed 0ro& ;a%a'anan d$rin #eo#%e #o!er. T(e. '%ai& t(at t(e ite&" are #art o0 #rote'ted '$%t$ra% #ro#ertie" and #art o0 Ai%i#ino CULTURAL )ERITAGE and (en'e 'annot /e di"#o"ed. T(e. 'ontend t(at t(e ite&" are :UBLIC :RO:ERTIES 'o%%e'ti2e%. o!ned /. Ai%i#ino". And t(at t(e. (a2e %e a% #er"ona%it. to #rote't and #re"er2e t(e 'o$ntr.H" ARTISTIC ?EALT). T(e. a%%e e t(at "o&e o0 t(e ite&" !ere in 0a't donated /. #ri2ate #er"on"1 and t(at t(e rea% o!ner"(i# o0 t(e #aintin " /e%on " to t(e 0o$ndation or 'or#oration"1 on%. t(at t(e #$/%i' (a" /een i2en t(e '(an'e to 2ie! and a##re'iate t(e ite&" on e4(i/it. Air"t1 t(e :CGG !rote to :re"ident A<$ino to re<$e"t a$t(orit. 0or t(e 'on"i n&ent a ree&ent /et!een t(e :(i%i##ine" and C(ri"tie" COA (o!e2er &ade an a$dit and 0o$nd t(at t(e a ree&ent !a" o0 do$/t0$% %e a%it.1 and t(at it !a" (i (%. di"ad2anta eo$" to t(e :(i%i##ine". T(e Dire'tor o0 Nationa% ;$"e$& i""$ed a 'erti0i'ation t(at t(e ite&" !ere NOT #art o0 #rote'ted '$%t$ra% #ro#ertie". :re"ident Cor. a%"o a##ro2ed it. T(e "a%e #ro'eeded earnin O1+;.

ISSUE= ?(et(er t(e #etitioner" (a2e %o'$" "tandi SC= NO LOCUS STANDI. T(e r$%e i" t(at /e0ore t(e 'o$rt &a. in<$ire into an. &atter1 1- t(e <$e"tion &$"t /e rai"ed /. t(e #ro#er #art. 2- t(ere &$"t /e an a't$a% 'a"e or 'ontro2er". +- t(at t(e <$e"tion &$"t /e rai"ed at t(e ear%ie"t #o""i/%e o##ort$nit. F- t(at t(e de'i"ion on t(e 'on"tit$tiona% or %e a% <$e"tion &$"t /e ne'e""ar. to t(e deter&ination o0 t(e 'a"e it"e%0. T(e 'o$rt" !i%% e4er'i"e it" #o!er o0 *$di'ia% re2ie! on%. i0 t(e 'a"e i" /ro$ (t /e0ore it /. a #art. !(o (a" %e a% "tandin . LEGAL STANDING &ean" a #er"ona% and "$/"tantia% intere"t in t(e 'a"e "$'( t(at t(e #art. (a" "$"tained or !i%% "$"tain dire't in*$r. a" t(e re"$%t o0 o2ern&enta% a't. INTEREST &ean" &ateria% intere"t1 an intere"t in i""$e and to /e a00e'ted /. t(e de'ree1 a" di"tin $i"(ed 0ro& &ere intere"t in t(e <$e"tion in2o%2ed. ;oreo2er1 it &$"t /e :ERSONAL and not /a"ed on a de"ire to 2indi'ate t(e 'on"tit$tiona% ri (t o0 "o&e t(ird or $nre%ated #art.. T(e e4'e#tion" to t(i" r$%e are = 1- CITINENSH" SUIT1 2- TA@:AYERH" SUIT

IT IS NOT A TA@:AYERS SUIT. A ta4#a.er" "$it 'an on%. #ro#"#er i0 t(e o2ern&enta% a't" /ein <$e"tioned in2o%2e di"/$r"e&ent o0 #$/%i' 0$nd" $#on t(e t(eor. t(at t(e e4#endit$re o0 #$/%i' 0$nd" 0or t(e #$r#o"e o0 ad&ini"terin an $n'on"tit$tiona% a't 'on"tit$te" &i"a##%i'ation o0 0$nd"1 !(i'( &a. /e en*oined at t(e in"tan'e o0 a ta4#a.er. ;OOT AND ACADE;IC. Aor t(e 'o$rt to e4er'i"e it" #o!er o0 ad*$di'ation1 t(ere &$"t /e an a't$a% 'ontro2er".1 one !(i'( in2o%2e" a 'on0%i't o0 %e a% ri (t". T(e 'a"e &$"t not /e &oot or a'ade&i'. A 'a"e i" &oot and a'ade&i' i0 t(e #$r#o"e (a" /e'o&e "ta%e. Sin'e t(e #$r#o"e o0 t(i" #etition i" to en*oin t(e "a%e1 t(e 'a"e (a" /e'o&e &oot "in'e t(e "a%e (a" %on /een 'on"$&&ated. )o!e2er1 it "(o$%d /e e&#(a"iKed t(at t(e Co$rt (a" t(e di"'retion to ta3e 'o niKan'e o0 a "$it !(i'( doe" not "ati"0. t(e re<$ire&ent" o0 an a't$a% 'a"e or %e a% "tandin !(en :ARA;OUNT :UBLIC INTEREST IS INVOLVED.

225. GILOSBAYAN VS. ;ORATO %o'$" "tandi Gi%o"/a.an i" an or aniKation o0 'i2i% "#irited 'itiKen"1 #rie"t"1 #a"tor"1 n$n" and ta4#a.er". T(e. are *oined /. "o&e &e&/er" o0 Con re"". ,Tanada1 Jo3er A.T(e. a""ai% t(e %ea"e o0 %otter. e<$i#&ent /. t(e :CSO on t(e ro$nd t(at it !a" "i&i%ar to t(e one ear%ier n$%%i0ied /. t(e SC. T(ere !a" a %ea"e 'ontra't /et!een :CSO and :(i%. Ga&in ; t. Cor#. T(e e<$i#&ent %ea"e a ree&ent 'o2er" on%ine %otter. e<$i#&ent to /e %ea"ed to :CSO. T(e a ree&ent !a" in2a%idated /. t(e SC 0or it 2io%ated t(e C(arter o0 :CSO. An A&ended Lea"e A ree&ent !a" %ater &ade #ro2idin 0or F.+7 o0 t(e ro"" "a%e" a" 'on"ideration. :CSO and :G;C '%ai& t(at t(e A&ended Lea"e A ree&ent i" a di00erent %ea"e 'ontra't. T(e. '%ai& t(at t(e A ree&ent did not (a2e to /e "$/&itted 0or #$/%i' /iddin /e'a$"e it 0e%% !it(in t(e e4'e#tion $nder EO +E1. T(e. a%"o '%ai& t(at t(e #o!er to deter&ine !(et(er t(e A ree&ent i" di"ad2anta eo$" /e%on " to t(e Board o0 Dire'tor" o0 :CSO. T($" t(e. <$e"tion t(e #etitionerH" "tandin . :CSO and :G;C '%ai& t(at t(e #etitioner" (a2e no "tandin "in'e t(e. are not #artie" to t(e 'ontra't1 and (a2e no #er"ona% or "$/"tantia% intere"t %i3e%. to /e in*$red /. t(e en0or'e&ent o0 t(e Contra't. :etitioner" (o!e2er 'ontend t(at t(e ear%ier 'a"e "$"tained t(eir "tandin to '(a%%en e t(e 2a%idit. o0 t(e 0ir"t 'ontra't1 and a" "$'(1 t(at i" no! t(e %a! o0 t(e 'a"e ,t(at t(e. (a2e "tandin -.

SC= T(e 8%a! o0 t(e 'a"e9 i" not a##%i'a/%e in t(i" 'a"e /e'a$"e t(i" 'a"e i" NOT a "e<$e% to t(e #re2io$" 'a"e. It i" not it" 'ontin$ation. T(i" #ro'eedin i" e""entia%%. di00erent 0ro& t(e 1II+ Lea"e Contra't. )en'e1 a #rior 'a"e t(at #etitioner" (ad "tandin to '(a%%en e t(at 1II+ Contra't doe" NOT :RECLUDE t(eir deter&ination o0 t(eir "tandin in t(e #re"ent "$it. Concern for stability in decisional law does not call for adherence to what has recently been laid down as rule since the previous ruling sustaining petitioners intervention may itself be considered a departure from settled rulings on E!" #! T$ %& %&TE EST. '%t seems here that the real issue is not lac( of legal standing but whether they are real parties in interest.) Standing is not even an issue in this case since standing is a C*&CE#T %& C*&ST%T+T%*&!" "!,, and here no constitutional -uestion was actually involved.

Standing has constitutional underpinnings. %t is very different from -uestions relation to whether a party is the real party in interest. #arty in interest ensures that only certain parties can maintain an action, Standing re-uires partial consideration of the merits, as well as broader public policy concerns. T(e <$e"tion in "tandin i" !(et(er "$'( #artie" (a2e a%%e ed "$'( a #er"ona% "ta3e in t(e o$t'o&e o0 t(e 'ontro2er". a" to a""$re t(at 'on'rete ad2er"ene"" !(i'( "(ar#en" t(e #re"entation o0 i""$e" $#on !(i'( t(e 'o$rt "o %ar e%e de#end" 0or i%%$&ination o0 di00i'$%t 'on"tit$tiona% <$e"tion". NO STANDING. )ere1 #etitioner" (a2e not in 0a't "(o!n !(at #arti'$%ariKed intere"t t(e. (a2e 0or /rin in t(e "$it. It doe" not detra't 0ro& t(e (i ( re ard 0or #etitioner" a" 'i2i' %eader" to "a. t(at t(eir intere"t 0a%%" "(ort o0 t(e re<$ired to &aintain an a'tion. It i" tr$e t(at t(e #re"ent a'tion in2o%2e" not a &ere 'ontra't /et!een #ri2ate indi2id$a%" /$t one &ade /. a o2ern&ent 'or#oration. )O?EVER1 T)ERE IS NO ALLEGATION T)AT :UBLIC AUNDS ARE BEING ;ISS:ENT SO AS TO ;AGE T)IS ACTION A :UBLIC ONE1 and *$"ti0. t(e re%a4ation o0 t(e re<$ire&ent t(at an a'tion &$"t /e #ro"e'$ted in t(e na&e o0 t(e rea% #art. in intere"t. A rea% #art. in intere"t i" t(e #art. !(o !o$%d /e /ene0ited or in*$red /. t(e *$d &ent1 or t(e #art. entit%ed to t(e a2ai%" o0 t(e "$it. Be'a$"e t(i" i" an a'tion 0or ann$%&ent o0 'ontra't"1 t(e rea% #artie" in intere"t are t(o"e !(o are #artie" to t(e a ree&ent or are /o$nd eit(er #rin'i#a%%. or "$/"idiari%. or are #re*$di'ed in t(eir ri (t" !it( re"#e't to one o0 t(e 'ontra'tin #artie" and 'an "(o! t(e deteri&ent !(i'( !o$%d #o"iti2e%. re"$%t to t(e& 0ro& t(e 'ontra't e2en t(o$ ( t(e. did not inter2ene in it. T(e #(ra"e 8#re"ent "$/"tantia% intere"t9 &ean" "$'( intere"t o0 a #art. in a "$/*e't &atter o0 a'tion a" !i%% entit%e (i& to re'o2er i0 t(e e2iden'e i" "$00i'ient. :etitioner" (ere DO NOT )AVE SUC) :RESENT SUBSTANTIAL INTEREST in t(e Lea"e A ree&ent a" !o$%d entit%e t(e& to /rin t(i" "$it. P$e"tion" a" to t(e nat$re or 2a%idit. o0 #$/%i' 'ontra't" or t(e ne'e""it. 0or a #$/%i' /iddin 'an /e rai"ed in an a##ro#riate 'a"e /e0ore t(e COA1 or /e0ore t(e O&/$d"&an. Re<$i"ite" o0 TRANSCENDENTAL I;:ORTANCE= 1- #$/%i' 0$nd" in2o%2ed 2- $tter di"re ard 0or t(e 'on"tit$tion +- %a'3 o0 #art. !(o 'an /rin a "$it. La"t "a2ed /. #at :a e 1+ 1C22C2E1F

226. :)IL ASSOC. COLLEGES VS. SEC OA EDUCATION *$"ti'ia/%e 'ontro2er". C %o'$" "tandi :etitioner" a""ai% A't 26E6 re<$irin t(e in"#e'tion and re'o nition o0 #ri2ate "'(oo%". It &a3e" it o/%i ator. $#on t(e Se'retar. o0 Ed$' to in"#e't "aid "'(oo%". T(e. 'ontend t(at t(e %a! de#ri2e" t(e "'(oo% o!ner" o0 %i/ert. and #ro#ert. !it(o$t d$e #ro'e""1 and t(e. de#ri2e t(e #arent" o0 t(eir nat$ra% ri (t and d$t. to rear t(eir '(i%dren. T(e. '%ai& t(at re<$irin #re2io$" o2ern&enta% a##ro2a% /e0ore t(e. 'o$%d e4er'i"e t(eir ri (t to o!n and o#erate a "'(oo% a&o$nt" to 'en"or"(i# o0 #rior re"traint. So% en 'o$ntered t(at t(e &atter (a" no *$"ti'ia/%e 'ontro2er".. T(e o2ern&ent ar $e" t(at t(e #etitioner" "$00ered no !ron 1 nor a%%e e an.1 0ro& t(e en0or'e&ent o0 t(e "tat$te. T(e o2ern&ent in"i"t" t(at 0or t(e #a"t +6.ear" t(e De#Ed (a" "$#er2i"ed and re $%ated #ri2ate "'(oo%" !it( t(e enera% a'<$ie"'en'e o0 t(e #$/%i'. So% en '%ai&" t(at t(ere i" no 'a$"e o0 a'tion /e'a$"e a%% o0 t(e& (a2e #er&it" to o#erate and are a't$a%%. o#eratin "'(oo%" a%read.. T(ere i" no t(reat t(at t(e #er&it" !i%% /e re2o3ed1 (en'e t(e. (a2e "$00ered no !ron .

I""$e= I" t(ere a *$"ti'ia/%e 'ontro2er".> SC= NONE. A" a enera% r$%e1 t(e 'on"tit$tiona%it. o0 a "tat$te !i%% /e #a""ed on on%. i0 it i" dire't%. and ne'e""ari%. in2o%2ed in a *$"ti'ia/%e 'ontro2er". and i" e""entia% to t(e #rote'tion o0 t(e ri (t" o0 #artie" 'on'erned. ?(en t(e #ri2ate "'(oo%" are a't$a%%. o#eratin /. 2irt$e o0 t(e #er&it" i""$ed /. t(e Se'retar.1 !(o i" not "(o!n to (a2e t(reatened to re2o3e t(eir #er&it"1 t(ere i" no *$"ti'ia/%e 'ontro2er". t(at !o$%d a$t(oriKe t(e 'o$rt" to #a"" $#on t(e 'on"tit$tiona%it. o0 "aid A't.. ;ere a##re(en"ion t(at t(e Se'retar. might $nder t(e %a! !it(dra! t(e #er&it o0 t(e #etitioner" DOES NOT CONSTITUTE JUSTICIABLE CONTROVERSY. An a'tion &$"t /e /ro$ (t 0or a #o"iti2e #$r#o"e to o/tain a't$a% and #o"iti2e re%ie0. Co$rt" do not "it to ad*$di'ate &ere a'ade&i' <$e"tion" to "ati"0. "'(o%ar%. intere"t1 no &atter (o! inte%%e't$a%%. "o%id t(e #ro/%e& &a. /e. T(i" i" "#e'ia%%. tr$e !(ere t(e i""$e" rea'( 'on"tit$tiona% di&en"ion"1 0or t(en t(ere 'o&e into #%a. re ard 0or t(e 'o$rtH" d$t. to a2oid de'i"ion o0 'on"tit$tiona% i""$e" UNLESS AVOIDANCE BECO;ES EVASION. Qt(e te4t/oo3" !ere a%"o not "(o!n /. #etitioner". T(e. '%ai&ed t(at t(e Board #ro(i/ited 'ertain t.#e" o0 te4t/oo3".

226. DE AGBAYANI VS. :NB e00e't" o0 'on"tit$tiona%it. ../ustice 0ernando ponente (aya wordy at magulo.. A /a.ani o/tained a %oan :F5E 0ro& :NB "e'$red /. a RE;1 !(i'( !a" to &at$re 5 .ear" %ater. 15 .ear" %ater1 :NB "o$ (t to 0ore'%o"e t(e RE;. A /a.ani 0i%ed a 'o&#%aint '%ai&in t(at it !a" /arred /. #re"'ri#tion. S(e a%"o '%ai&" t(at "(e o/tained an in*$n'tion a ain"t t(e "(eri00. :NB ar $ed t(at t(e '%ai& (a" not .et #re"'ri/ed i0 t(e #eriod 0ro& t(e ti&e o0 i""$an'e o0 EO+2 to t(e ti&e !(en RA +F2 !a" i""$ed "(o$%d /e ded$'ted. o EE +2 !a" i""$ed in 1IF5 #ro2idin 0or de/t &oratori$& o RA +F2 !a" i""$ed in 1IFD B e4ten"ion o0 t(e de/t &oratori$& T(e RA +F2 !a" de'%ared 2oid and "in'e it !a" an e4ten"ion o0 EO +21 EO +2 !a" %i3e!i"e n$%%i0ied. )ere1 RA +F2 ,t(e de/t &oratori$& %a!- 'ontin$ed EO +21 "$"#endin t(e #a.&ent o0 de/t" /. !ar "$00erer". )o!e2er RA +F2 'o$%d not #a"" t(e te"t o0 2a%idit.. ,I t(in3 !(at J$"ti'e Aernando !a" "a.in i" t(at t(e %a! !a" %ater de'%ared $n'on"tit$tiona% /e'a$"e it 2io%ate" t(e nonBi&#air&ent o0 'ontra't$a% o/%i ation" '%a$"e in t(e 'on"tit$tion-. :NB '%ai&" t(at t(i" #eriod "(o$%d /e ded$'ted 0ro& t(e #re"'ri#ti2e #eriod "in'e d$rin t(i" ti&e t(e /an3 too3 no %e a% "te#" 0or t(e re'o2er. o0 t(e %oan. A" "$'(1 t(e a'tion (a" not .et #re"'ri/ed.

ISSUE= )a" t(e a'tion #re"'ri/ed> SC= NO. T(e enera% r$%e i" t(at an $n'on"tit$tiona% a't /e'a$"e it "$00er" 0ro& in0ir&it.1 'annot /e a "o$r'e o0 %e a% ri (t" or d$tie". ?(en t(e 'o$rt" de'%are a %a! to /e in'on"i"tent !it( t(e Con"tit$tion1 t(e 0or&er "(a%% /e 2oid and t(e %atter "(a%% o2ern. )o!e2er1 #rior to t(e de'%aration o0 n$%%it. o0 "$'( '(a%%en ed %e i"%ati2e a't &$"t (a2e /een in 0or'e and (ad to /e 'o&#%ied !it(. T(i" i" "o a" $nti% a0ter t(e *$di'iar.1 in an a##ro#riate 'a"e de'%are" it" in2a%idit.1 it i" entit%ed to o/edien'e and re"#e't. S$'( %e i"%ati2e a't !a" in o#eration and #re"$&ed to /e 2a%id in a%% re"#e't". It i" no! a''e#ted t(at #rior to it" /ein n$%%i0ied1 it" e4i"ten'e a" a 0a't &$"t /e re'3oned !it(. T(i" i" &ere%. to re0%e't t(e a!arene"" t(at #re'i"e%. /e'a$"e t(e *$di'iar. i" t(e o2ern&enta% or an !(i'( (a" t(e 0ina% "a. on !(et(er a %e i"%ati2e a't i" 2a%id1 a #eriod o0 ti&e &a. (a2e e%a#"ed /e0ore it 'an e4er'i"e t(e #o!er o0 *$di'ia% re2ie! t(at &a. %ead to a de'%aration o0 n$%%it.. It !o$%d e to de#ri2e t(e %a! o0 it" <$a%it. o0 0airne"" and *$"ti'e t(en1 i0 t(ere /e no re'o nition o0 !(at (ad tran"#ired #rior to "$'( ad*$di'ation. T(e #a"t 'annot a%!a." /e era"ed /. *$di'ia% de'%aration. ,O:ERATIVE AACT DOCTRINE-. T(e e4i"ten'e o0 a "tat$te #rior to it" /ein ad*$d ed 2oid i" an o#erati2e 0a't to !(i'( %e a% 'on"e<$en'e" are atta'(ed. D$rin t(e D .ear #eriod t(at EO +2 and RA +F2 !ere in 0or'e1 #re"'ri#tion did not r$n. T($"1 t(e #re"'ri#ti2e #eriod !a" to%%ed in t(e &eanti&e #rior to "$'( ad*$di'ation o0 in2a%idit..

,read ori -.. 22D. :EO:LE VS. GUTIERREN tran"0er o0 2en$e to a2oid &i"'arria e o0 *$"ti'e T(i" i" t(e 'a"e o0 Bin /on Cri"o%o o. A ro$# o0 ar&ed &en "et 0ire 2ario$" in(a/ited (o$"e" in Banta.1 I%o'o" S$r. Bin /on !a" '(ar ed /$t #%eaded not $i%t.. AO 221 t(e Se'retar. o0 J$"ti'e a$t(oriKed J$d e Ano2er o0 San Aernando La Union1 to (o%d "#e'ia% ter& in I%o'o" S$r. AO 226 Se'retar. o0 J$"ti'e a$t(oriKed J$d e G$tierreK ,Vi an- to tran"0er t(e 'a"e to J$d e Ano2erH" Co$rt in La Union. :ro"e'$tion &o2ed t(at J$d e G$tierreK a%%o! a tran"0er o0 t(e 'a"e to t(e La Union Cir'$it Co$rt /. 2irt$e o0 "aid AOH" and 0or "e'$rit. and #er"ona% "a0et. o0 t(e !itne""e". T(e a''$"ed o/2io$"%. o##o"ed t(e tran"0er o0 t(e 'a"e1 '%ai&in t(at t(e tran"0er o0 t(e 'a"e !o$%d /e rai%roadin t(e& into a 'on2i'tion. J$d e G$tierreK denied t(e tran"0er. :ro"e'$tion no! i&#$te" ada%e* on J$d e G$tierreK.

SC= T(e Se'retar. o0 J$"ti'e (a" no #o!er to a""i n 'a"e" to /e (eard. An. "$'( #o!er e2en in t(e $i"e o0 AOH" tren'(e" $#on t(e ti&eB(onored "e#aration o0 t(e E4e'$ti2e and J$di'iar.. T(e %a! 'reatin t(e tran"0er o0 'a"e" to Cir'$it Cri&ina% Co$rt" "(o$%d /e e00e'ted /. ra00%e. Ne2ert(e%e""1 t(e COURT ?ILL ORDER T)E TRANSAER. T(ere i" a *$"ti0ied re0$"a% /. t(e !itne""e" in I%o'o" S$r to te"ti0. !(ere t(e. 0e%t t(eir %i2e" !o$%d /e endan ered. J$d e G$tierreK 0ai%ed to 'on"ider t(e #o""i/i%it. o0 &i"'arria e o0 *$"ti'e &a. re"$%t. T(e !itne""e" (ad ear%ier &ani0e"ted o0 t(e i&#erio$" ne'e""it. o0 tran"0errin t(e #%a'e o0 tria% o$t"ide o0 I%o'o" S$r1 in t(e intere"t o0 tr$t( and *$"ti'e1 and t(e State i" to /e i2en a 0air '(an'e to #re"ent it" "ide. )ere1 to 'o&#e% t(e #ro"e'$tion to #ro'eed to tria% in a %o'a%it. !(ere it" !itne""e" !i%% not /e at %i/ert. to re2ea% !(at t(e. 3no! i" to &a3e a &o'3er. o0 t(e *$di'ia% #ro'e"". T(e e4i en'ie" o0 *$"ti'e de&and t(at t(e enera% r$%e "(o$%d .ie%d to o''a"iona% e4'e#tion" !(ere2er t(ere are !ei (t. rea"on" t(ere0or. An.!a.1 re ard%e"" o0 t(e #%a'e !(ere t(e 'a"e i" tried1 t(e #ro"e'$tion !i%% a%!a." /e o/%i ated to #ro2e $i%t /e.ond rea"ona/%e do$/t. On o0 t(e in'identa% and in(erent #o!er" o0 t(e 'o$rt" i" t(at o0 TRANSAERRING T)E TRIAL OA CASES 0ro& one 'o$rt to anot(er o0 e<$a% ran31 !(ene2er t(e i&#erati2e o0 "e'$rin a 0air and i&#artia% tria%1 or o0 #re2entin a &i"'arria e o0 *$"ti'e "o de&and". Q*$di'ia% #o!er in'%$de" t(e tran"0er o0 'a"e". It i" one o0 t(e in'identa% or in(erent attri/$te" ne'e""ar. 0or an e00e'ti2e ad&ini"tration o0 *$"ti'e. T(e 'o$rt" 'an /. a##ro#riate &ean" do a%% t(in " ne'e""ar. to #re"er2e and &aintain e2er. <$a%it. need0$% to &a3e t(e *$di'iar. an e00e'ti2e in"tit$tion o0 o2ern&ent.Q

22I. :NB V". ASUNCION #o!er to #ro&$% ate r$%e" C #ro'ed$ra% 2". "$/"tanti2e ri (t" :NB ranted 'redit a''o&&odation" and ad2an'e" to Aa/ar In'1 0or t(e i&#ortation o0 &a'(iner. and e<$i#&ent. T(e o$t"tandin /a%an'e !a" :D.F; T(e 'redit a''o&&odation" are "e'$red /. t(e *oint and "e2era% "i nat$re" o0 Barredo1 Borro&eo ,re"#ondent"-. Aor 0ai%$re to #a. t(eir o/%i ation"1 :NB in"tit$ted a 'o%%e'tion "$it a ain"t Aa/ar and t(e Barredo1 Borro&eo. Be0ore t(e 'a"e 'o$%d /e de'ided1 one o0 t(e re"#ondent"1 BARREDO1 died. So t(e 'o$rt i""$ed an order o0 di"&i""a% o0 t(e 'a"e1 "in'e &one. '%ai& i" a #er"ona% a'tion1 it i" e4tin $i"(ed $#on deat(1 and t(at t(e re&ed. i" to 0i%e a '%ai& !it( t(e e"tate d$rin "ett%e&ent #ro'eedin ". T(e 'a"e !a" di"&i""ed a ain"t ALL de0endant". :NB 0i%ed a ;R '%ai&in t(at t(e di"&i""a% "(o$%d on%. /e a ain"t t(e de'ea"ed Barredo. )en'e t(e. 0i%e t(i" 'ertiorari.

SC= A''ordin to t(e R$%e" o0 Co$rt1 not(in t(erein #re2ent" a 'reditor 0ro& #ro'eedin a ain"t t(e "$r2i2in "o%idar. de/tor". Said #ro2i"ion &ere%. "et" $# t(e #ro'ed$re in en0or'in 'o%%e'tion in 'a"e a 'reditor '(oo"e to #$r"$e (i" '%ai& a ain"t t(e e"tate o0 t(e de'ea"ed "o%idar. de/tor. ?(at i" a##%i'a/%e in t(i" i" Art 1216 o0 t(e Ci2i% Code. T(e 'reditor (a" t(e ri (t to #ro'eed a ain"t an.one o0 t(e "o%idar. de/tor" or "o&e or a%% o0 t(e& "i&$%taneo$"%.. T(e '(oi'e i" %e0t to t(e "o%idar. 'reditor to deter&ine a ain"t !(o& (e !i%% en0or'e 'o%%e'tion. In 'a"e o0 deat( o0 one o0 t(e "o%idar. de/tor"1 t(e 'reditor 'an '(oo"e to #ro'eed a ain"t t(e "$r2i2in de/tor"1 !it(o$t ne'e""it. o0 0i%in a '%ai& in t(e e"tate o0 t(e de'ea"ed de/tor. To re-uire the creditor to proceed against the estat would deprive him of his substantive rights under the Civil Code. I0 t(e R$%e" o0 Co$rt ,R$%e D6- !o$%d /e a##%ied %itera%%.1 in e00e't1 it !o$%d re#ea% t(e Ci2i% Code ,Art 1216-1 /e'a$"e t(e 'reditor !o$%d (a2e no '(o"e /$t to #ro'eeed a ain"t t(e e"tate o0 Barredo on%.. O/2io$"%.1 t(i" !o$%d di&ini"( t(e :NBH" ri (t $nder t(e Ci2i% Code to #ro'eed a ain"t an. one1 "o&e or a%% o0 t(e "o%idar. de/tor". S$'( a 'on"tr$'tion i" not "an'tioned /. t(e #rin'i#%e t(at1 S+1ST!&T%2E "!, C!&&*T 1E !3E&4E4 1$ # *CE4+ !" "!,. The rules of Court cannot be made to prevail over the Civil Code, the former being merely procedural, while the latter substantive. ;oreo2er1 t(e Con"tit$tion #ro2ide" t(at t(e r$%e" #ro&$% ated /. t(e SC "(o$%d not di&ini"(1 in'rea"e1 or &odi0. "$/"tanti2e ri (t".

2+E. SANTERO VS. CAVITE r$%e" o0 'o$rt 2". 'i2i% 'ode :a/%o Santero !a" (ad 2 "et" o0 '(i%dren 0ro& 2 di00erent !i2e". )e died. T(e re"#ondent" !ere t(e Santero C(i%dren1 t(e '(i%dren /. t(e 2nd !i0e1 a%t(o$ ( "(e !a" not &arried to t(e 0at(er. A &otion 0or a%%o!an'e !a" 0i%ed /. t(e Santero '(i%dren1 t(ro$ ( t(eir $ardianC&ot(er DiaK. T(e 0i%ed t(e &otion 0or "$##ort1 ed$'ation1 '%ot(in 1 and &edi'a% a%%o!an'e. T(i" !a" ranted /. t(e 'o$rt. T(i" !a" o##o"ed /. t(e ot(er "et o0 Santero C(i%dren ,#etitioner"-1 t(e '(i%dren /. t(e 1"t !i0e1 !(o !a" a%"o not &arried to t(e 0at(er. T(e. '%ai& t(at t(e !ard" are no %on er "'(oo%in and (a2e a%read. attained t(e a e o0 &a*orit.. DiaK 'o$ntered t(at t(e rea"on !(. t(e '(i%dren !ere not enro%%ed !a" d$e to %a'3 o0 0$nd". S(e 'ited Art 2IEC1DD o0 t(e Ci2i% Code ,on "$##ort-1 a" !e%% a" R$%e D+ o0 t(e R$%e" o0 Co$rt ,a%%o!an'e to t(e !ido! and 0a&i%. in e"tate #ro'eedin "-. T(e a%%o!an'e !a" ranted /. t(e 'o$rt. Anot(er &otion 0or a%%o!an'e !a" 0i%ed /. DiaK 0or + additiona% '(i%dren. T(e"e + additiona% '(i%dren !ere a%read. o0 a e1 /$t DiaK '%ai&" t(at a%% o0 (er '(i%dren (a2e t(e ri (t to re'ei2e a%%o!an'e1 a" ad2an'e o0 t(e "(are" in t(eir in(eritan'e. A ain1 t(i" !a" o##o"ed /. t(e ot(er Santero C(i%dren ,#etitioner"-1 '%ai&in t(at t(e '(i%dren are e&#%o.ed and &arried1 and t(at t(ere i" in"$00i'ient 0$nd". T(e. '%ai& t(at $nder t(e R$%e" o0 Co$rt1 t(e. are no %on er entit%ed to a%%o!an'e.

SC= T(e 'ontro%%in #ro2i"ion "(o$%d /e Art 2IEC1DD o0 t(e Ci2i% Code ,"$##ort- and not R$%e D+ o0 t(e R$%e" o0 Co$rt ,a%%o!an'e to !ido! and 0a&i%.-. T(e 0a't t(at re"#ondent" are o0 a e1 and are ain0$%%. e&#%o.ed1 or &arried i" o0 no &o&ent and "(o$%d not /e re arded a" t(e deter&inin 0a'tor o0 t(eir ri (t to a%%o!an'e $nder Art 2IEC1DD. ?(i%e t(e R$%e" o0 Co$rt %i&it" a%%o!an'e" to t(e !ido! and on%. t(e &inor '(i%dren1 t(e Ne! Ci2i% Code i2e" t(e "$r2i2in "#o$"e and (i"C(er '(i%dren !it(o$t di"tin'tion. )en'e1 e2en t(e '(i%dren !(o are no %on er &inor" are entit%ed to a%%o!an'e" a" ad2an'e" 0ro& t(eir "(are" in t(e in(eritan'e 0ro& t(eir 0at(er. Sin'e t(e #ro2i"ion o0 t(e Ci2i% Code1 a "$/"tanti2e %a!1 i2e" t(e "$r2i2in "#o$"e and t(e '(i%dren t(e ri (t to re'ei2e "$##ort d$rin t(e %i<$idation o0 t(e e"tate o0 t(e de'ea"ed1 "$'( ri (t 'annot /e i&#aired /. R$%e D+ o0 t(e R$%e" o0 Co$rt !(i'( i" a #ro'ed$ra% r$%e.

2+1. DA;ASCO VS. LAGUI "#eed. di"#o"ition o0 'a"e". Att. Da&a"'o !a" '(ar ed !it( ra2e t(reat". )e #%eaded not $i%t. /$t !a" 'on2i'ted on%. o0 %i (t t(reat". )e !a" order to #a. a 0ine o0 :1EE. Da&a"'o 0i%ed a &otion to re'ti0. and "et a"ide t(e di"#o"it2e #ortion o0 t(e de'i"ion. )e '%ai&" t(at (e 'annot /e 'on2i'ted o0 %i (t t(reat"1 ne'e""ari%. in'%$ded in t(e ra2e t(reat" '(ar e1 a" t(e %i (ter o00en"e (ad a%read. #re"'ri/ed !(en t(e in0or&ation !a" 0i%ed. ,%i (t o00en"e" #re"'ri/e in 2 &o"1 /$t t(e in0or&ation !a" 0i%ed 6E da." a0terT(e %o!er 'o$rt denied t(e &otion1 e4#%ainin t(at "in'e t(e Co$rt (ad a'<$ired *$ri"di'tion to tr. t(e 'a"e /e'a$"e t(e in0or&ation !a" 0i%ed !it(in t(e #re"'ri#ti2e #eriod 0or ra2e t(reat"1 t(e "a&e 'annot /e %o"t /. #re"'ri#tion1 i0 a0ter t(e tria% !(at (a" /een #ro2en i" &ere%. %i (t t(reat".

SC= :re"'ri#tion o0 a 'ri&e i" t(e %o"" or !ai2er /. t(e State o0 it" ri (t to #ro"e'$te an a't #ro(i/ited or #$ni"(ed /. %a!. ?(i%e it i" a r$%e t(at an a''$"ed !(o 0ai%" to &o2e to <$a"( /e0ore #%eadin i" dee&ed to !ai2e a%% o/*e'tion"1 t(i" r$%e 'annot a##%. to t(e de0en"e o0 #re"'ri#tion1 !(i'( $nder Art 6I o0 t(e R:C e4tin $i"(e" 'ri&ina% %ia/i%it.. To a##%. t(e "$ e"tion 'o$%d 'ontra2ene "aid Art1 !(i'( i" #art o0 "$/"tanti2e %a!. T(i" #o"ition i" 0$rt(er "tren t(en /. t(e R$%e" on Cri&:ro1 !(i'( added t(e e4tin'tion o0 o00en"e a" one o0 t(e e4'e#tion" to t(e enera% r$%e re ardin t(e e00e't" o0 a 0ai%$re to a""ert a ro$nd o0 a &otion to <$a"(. T(e '%ai& t(at 8!(en an a''$"ed (a" /een 0o$nd to (a2e 'o&&itted a %e""er o00en"e in'%$di/%e !it(in a ra2er o00en"e '(ar ed1 (e 'annot /e 'on2i'ted o0 a %e""er o00en"e i0 it (a" a%read. #re"'ri/ed9 'an on%. /e done t(ro$ ( an o2er(a$% o0 "o&e e4i"tin r$%e" on 'ri&#ro to i2e #re"'ri#tion a %i&ited &eanin ,ie1 a &ere /ar to t(e 'o&&en'e&ent o0 'ri&ina% a'tion and t(ere0ore !ai2a/%e-. BUT t(i" !i%% (a2e to 'ontend !it( t(e Con"tit$tiona% #ro2i"ion t(at !(i%e t(e S$#re&e Co$rt (a" t(e #o!er to #ro&$% ate r$%e" 'on'ernin t(e #rote'tion and en0or'e&ent o0 ri (t"R.. "$'( r$%e" "(a%% not di&ini"(1 &odi0. or in'rea"e "$/"tanti2e ri (t". T)E ACTION )AS :RESCRIBEDS :ETITION IS GRANTEDS ,Da&a"'o !in".La"t "a2ed /. #at C)A;: :a e 1I 1C22C2E1F

2+2. :EO:LE VS. LACSON La'"on et a% !ere '(ar ed !it( &$%ti#%e &$rder 0or "(ootin and 3i%%in 11 &a%e #er"on" !(o !ere &e&/er" o0 t(e G$raton Ba%e%en . S:O2 Ed$ardo de%o" Re.e" (ad '%ai&ed t(at t(e 3i%%in o0 t(e e%e2en ,11- an &e&/er" !a" a Lr$/Bo$tL or "$&&ar. e4e'$tion and not a "(ooto$t. T(e O&/$d"&an 0i%ed /e0ore t(e Sandiganbayan 11 In0or&ation" 0or ;URDER1 a ain"t re"#ondent :an0i%o ;. La'"on and t!ent.B0i2e ,25- ot(er a''$"ed. A%% t!ent.B"i4 ,26- o0 t(e& !ere '(ar ed a" #rin'i#a%". 1E U#on &otion o0 t(e La'"on1 t(e 'ri&ina% 'a"e" !ere re&anded to t(e O&/$d"&an 0or rein2e"ti ation. T(e #arti'i#ation o0 La'"on !a" do!n raded 0ro& #rin'i#a% to a''e""or.. A''ordin %.1 t(e Sandiganbayan ordered t(e 'a"e" tran"0erred to t(e Re iona% Tria% Co$rt.12Arrai n&ent t(en 0o%%o!ed and re"#ondent entered a #%ea o0 not $i%t.. On ;ar'( 2I1 1III J$d e A nir i""$ed a Re"o%$tion 25 di"&i""in Cri&ina% Ca"e" /e'a$"e= o !it( t(e re'antation o0 t(e #rin'i#a% #ro"e'$tion !itne""e" and t(e de"i"tan'e o0 t(e #ri2ate 'o&#%ainant"1 t(ere i" no &ore e2iden'e to "(o! t(at a 'ri&e (a" /een 'o&&itted and t(at t(e a''$"ed are #ro/a/%. $i%t. t(ereo0. On ;ar'( 261 2EE11 :N: Dire'tor Leandro R. ;endoKa indor"ed to t(e De#art&ent o0 J$"ti'e t(e ne! a00ida2it" o0 :CIn"#. Y"&ae% S. Y$ and :CS In"#. A/e%ardo Ra&o" re ardin t(e 5uratong 1aleleng in'ident 0or #re%i&inar. in2e"ti ation. On t(e "tren t( o0 t(i" indor"e&ent1 Se'retar. o0 J$"ti'e )ernando B. :ereK 0or&ed a #ane% to in2e"ti ate t(e &atter. La'"on1 et a%.1 in2o3in 1 a&on ot(er"1 t(eir 'on"tit$tiona% ri (t a ain"t do$/%e *eo#ard.1 0i%ed a #etition 0or #ro(i/ition !it( a##%i'ation 0or te&#orar. re"trainin order andCor !rit o0 #re%i&inar. in*$n'tion !it( t(e Re iona% Tria% Co$rt o0 ;ani%a1 #ri&ari%. to en*oin t(e State #ro"e'$tor" 0ro& 'ond$'tin t(e #re%i&inar. in2e"ti ation. J$d e :a"a&/a denied t(e TRO ,&eanin t(e 'a"e 'o$%d 'ontin$e-. T(e de'i"ion "tated t(at t(e #re2eio$" di"&i""a% o0 Cri&ina% Ca"e" i" not one on t(e &erit" and !it(o$t an. re'orded arrai n&ent and entered #%ea on t(e #art o0 t(e (erein #etitioner". T(e arrai n&ent (ad !it( t(e Sandiganbayan doe" not #$t t(e 'a"e in a di00erent #er"#e'ti2e "in'e t(e Sandiganbayan !a" ad*$d ed to /e !it(o$t an. *$ri"di'tion to tr. t(e 'a"e". It i" t(e :eo#%e o0 t(e :(i%i##ine" !(o i" t(e 'o&#%ainant in t(e G$raton Ba%e%en 'a"e and re&ain" to /e t(e 'o&#%ainant. T($"1 J$ne 61 2EE1 11 in0or&ation 0or ;$rder !ere a ain 0i%ed /e0ore t(e RTC J$d e Yadao. La'"on no! a""ai%" t(e de'i"ion o0 J$d e :a"a&/a &ain%. on t(e ro$nd o0 = i%%e a%it. o0 t(e #ro'eedin " o0 t(e re"#ondent State :ro"e'$tor" a" t(e. 'annot re2i2e 'o&#%aint" !(i'( (ad /een di"&i""ed o2er t!o ,2- .ear" 0ro& t(e date t(e di"&i""a% order !a" i""$ed. )e '%ai&"1 $nder Se'tion D1 R$%e 1161 'a"e" "i&i%ar to t(o"e 0i%ed a ain"t t(e #etitioner and ot(er" ,!(ere t(e #ena%t. i&#o"a/%e i" i&#ri"on&ent o0 "i4 ,6- .ear" or &ore- 'annot /e re2i2ed a0ter t!o ,2- .ear" 0ro& t(e date t(e di"&i""a% order !a" i""$ed.

ISSUE= T(e i""$e i" !(et(er Se'tion D1 R$%e 116 /ar" t(e 0i%in o0 t(e e%e2en ,11- in0or&ation" a ain"t t(e re"#ondent La'"on in2o%2in t(e 3i%%in o0 "o&e &e&/er" o0 t(e G$raton Ba%e%en an . T(e r$%e o0 #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% too3 e00e't on%. on De'e&/er 11 2EEE ,in /et!een t(e #eriod o0 di"&i""a% and re2i2a%-. ;ore "#e'i0i'a%%.1 1- !(et(er t(e #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% o0 t(e 'a"e" (ad t(e e4#re"" 'on"ent o0 t(e a''$"edT ,2- !(et(er it !a" ordered /. t(e 'o$rt a0ter noti'e to t(e o00ended #art.1 ,+- !(et(er t(e 2B.ear #eriod to re2i2e (a" a%read. %a#"ed1 and ,F- !(et(er t(ere i" an. *$"ti0i'ation 0or t(e 0i%in o0 t(e 'a"e" /e.ond t(e 2B.ear #eriod. SC= NO. NOT BARRED.

1. t(e #ro"e'$tion !it( t(e e4#re"" 'on0or&it. o0 t(e a''$"ed or t(e a''$"ed &o2e" 0or a #ro2i"iona% ,sin perjuicio- di"&i""a% o0 t(e 'a"eT or /ot( t(e #ro"e'$tion and t(e a''$"ed &o2e 0or a #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% o0 t(e 'a"eT 2. t(e o00ended #art. i" noti0ied o0 t(e &otion 0or a #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% o0 t(e 'a"eT +. t(e 'o$rt i""$e" an order rantin t(e &otion and di"&i""in t(e 'a"e #ro2i"iona%%.T F. t(e #$/%i' #ro"e'$tor i" "er2ed !it( a 'o#. o0 t(e order o0 #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% o0 t(e 'a"e. T(e 0ore oin re<$ire&ent" are 'ondition" sine -ua non to t(e a##%i'ation o0 t(e ti&eB/ar in t(e "e'ond #ara ra#( o0 t(e ne! r$%e. T(e raison d etre 0or t(e re<$ire&ent o0 t(e e4#re"" 'on"ent o0 t(e a''$"ed to a #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% o0 a 'ri&ina% 'a"e i" to /ar (i& 0ro& "$/"e<$ent%. a""ertin t(at t(e re2i2a% o0 t(e 'ri&ina% 'a"e !i%% #%a'e (i& in do$/%e *eo#ard. 0or t(e "a&e o00en"e or 0or an o00en"e ne'e""ari%. in'%$ded t(erein. E4#re"" 'on"ent to a #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% i" i2en eit(er viva voce or in !ritin . It i" a #o"iti2e1 dire't1 $ne<$i2o'a% 'on"ent re<$irin no in0eren'e or i&#%i'ation to "$##%. it" &eanin .6 ?(ere t(e a''$"ed !rite" on t(e &otion o0 a #ro"e'$tor 0or a #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% o0 t(e 'a"e &o objection or ,ith my conformity1 t(e !ritin a&o$nt" to e4#re"" 'on"ent o0 t(e a''$"ed to a #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% o0 t(e 'a"e. D T(e &ere ina'tion or "i%en'e o0 t(e a''$"ed to a &otion 0or a #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% o0 t(e 'a"e I or (i" 0ai%$re to o/*e't to a #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a%1E doe" not a&o$nt to e4#re"" 'on"ent. In t(i" 'a"e1 t(e re"#ondent (a" 0ai%ed to #ro2e t(at t(e 0ir"t and "e'ond re<$i"ite" o0 t(e 0ir"t #ara ra#( o0 t(e ne! r$%e !ere #re"ent !(en J$d e A nir1 Jr. di"&i""ed t(e 'a"e". Irre0ra a/%.1 t(e #ro"e'$tion did not 0i%e an. &otion 0or t(e #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% o0 t(e "aid 'ri&ina% 'a"e". Aor (i" #art1 t(e re"#ondent &ere%. 0i%ed a &otion 0or *$di'ia% deter&ination o0 #ro/a/%e 'a$"e and 0or e4a&ination o0 #ro"e'$tion !itne""e". T(e re"#ondent did not #ra. 0or t(e di"&i""a%1 #ro2i"iona% or ot(er!i"e1 o0 t(e 'a"e". Neit(er did (e e2er a ree1 i&#%ied%. or e4#re""%.1 to a &ere #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% o0 t(e 'a"e". T(e Co$rt a%"o a ree" !it( t(e #etitioner"H 'ontention t(at no noti'e o0 an. &otion 0or t(e #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% t(e 'a"e" or o0 t(e (earin t(ereon !a" "er2ed on t(e (eir" o0 t(e 2i'ti&" at %ea"t t(ree da." /e0ore "aid (earin . T(ere i" a" !e%% no #roo0 in t(e re'ord" t(at t(e #$/%i' #ro"e'$tor noti0ied t(e (eir" o0 t(e 2i'ti&" o0 "aid &otion or o0 t(e (earin . Sin'e t(e 'ondition" "ine <$a non 0or t(e a##%i'ation o0 t(e ne! r$%e !ere not #re"ent !(en J$d e A nir1 Jr. i""$ed (i" re"o%$tion1 t(e State i" not /arred /. t(e ti&e %i&it "et 0ort( in t(e "e'ond #ara ra#( o0 Se'tion D o0 R$%e 116 o0 t(e Re2i"ed R$%e" o0 Cri&ina% :ro'ed$re. T(e State 'an t($" re2i2e or re0i%e Cri&ina% Ca"e" No". PBIIBD166I to PBIIBD16DI or 0i%e ne! In0or&ation" 0or &$%ti#%e &$rder a ain"t t(e re"#ondent. E2en on t(e a""$&#tion t(at t(e re"#ondent e4#re""%. 'on"ented to a #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a%1 and a%% t(e (eir" o0 t(e 2i'ti&" !ere noti0ied /e0ore t(e (earin t(e t!oB.ear /ar in Se'tion D o0 R$%e 116 o0 t(e Re2i"ed R$%e" o0 Cri&ina% :ro'ed$re "(o$%d /e a##%ied #ro"#e'ti2e%. and not retroa'ti2e%. a ain"t t(e State. To a##%. t(e ti&e %i&it retroa'ti2e%. to t(e 'ri&ina% 'a"e" a ain"t t(e re"#ondent and (i" 'oB a''$"ed !o$%d 2io%ate t(e ri (t o0 t(e :eo#%e to d$e #ro'e""1 and $nd$%. i&#air1 red$'e1 and di&ini"( t(e StateH" "$/"tanti2e ri (t to #ro"e'$te t(e a''$"ed 0or &$%ti#%e &$rder. Under Arti'%e IE o0 t(e Re2i"ed :ena% Code1 t(e State (ad t!ent. .ear" !it(in !(i'( to 0i%e t(e 'ri&ina% 'o&#%aint" a ain"t t(e a''$"ed. )o!e2er1 $nder t(e ne! r$%e1 t(e State on%. (ad t!o .ear" 0ro& noti'e o0 t(e #$/%i' #ro"e'$tor o0 t(e order o0 di"&i""a% !it(in !(i'( to re2i2e t(e "aid 'a"e". ?(en t(e ne! r$%e too3 e00e't on De'e&/er 11 2EEE1 t(e State on%. (ad one .ear

and t(ree &ont(" !it(in !(i'( to re2i2e t(e 'a"e" or re0i%e t(e In0or&ation". T(e #eriod 0or t(e State to '(ar e re"#ondent 0or &$%ti#%e &$rder $nder Arti'%e IE o0 t(e Re2i"ed :ena% Code !a" 'on"idera/%. and ar/itrari%. red$'ed. In 'a"e o0 'on0%i't /et!een t(e Re2i"ed :ena% Code and t(e ne! r$%e1 t(e 0or&er "(o$%d #re2ai%. T(e ti&eB/ar $nder Se'tion D o0 R$%e 116 i" a3in to a "#e'ia% #ro'ed$ra% %i&itation <$a%i0.in t(e ri (t o0 t(e State to #ro"e'$te &a3in t(e ti&eB/ar an e""en'e o0 t(e i2en ri (t or a" an in(erent #art t(ereo01 "o t(at t(e %a#"e o0 t(e ti&eB/ar o#erate" to e4tin $i"( t(e ri (t o0 t(e State to #ro"e'$te t(e a''$"ed.+5 T(e ti&eB/ar $nder t(e ne! r$%e doe" not red$'e t(e #eriod" $nder Arti'%e IE o0 t(e Re2i"ed :ena% Code1 a "$/"tanti2e %a!. +6 It i" /$t a %i&itation o0 t(e ri (t o0 t(e State to re2i2e a 'ri&ina% 'a"e a ain"t t(e a''$"ed a0ter t(e In0or&ation (ad /een 0i%ed /$t "$/"e<$ent%. #ro2i"iona%%. di"&i""ed !it( t(e e4#re"" 'on"ent o0 t(e a''$"ed. I0 a 'ri&ina% 'a"e i" di"&i""ed on &otion o0 t(e a''$"ed /e'a$"e t(e tria% i" not 'on'%$ded !it(in t(e #eriod t(ere0or1 t(e #re"'ri#ti2e #eriod" $nder t(e Re2i"ed :ena% Code are not t(ere/. di&ini"(ed.FE B$t !(et(er or not t(e #ro"e'$tion o0 t(e a''$"ed i" /arred /. t(e "tat$te o0 %i&itation" or /. t(e %a#"e o0 t(e ti&eB%ine $nder t(e ne! r$%e1 t(e e00e't i" /a"i'a%%. t(e "a&e. A%"o1 It 0$rt(er r$%ed t(erein t(at a #ro'ed$ra% %a! &a. not /e a##%ied retroa'ti2e%. i0 to do "o !o$%d !or3 in*$"ti'e or !o$%d in2o%2e intri'ate #ro/%e&" o0 d$e #ro'e"" or i&#air t(e inde#enden'e o0 t(e Co$rt. In t(i" 'a"e1 t(e Co$rt a ree" !it( t(e #etitioner" t(at t(e ti&eB /ar o0 t!o .ear" $nder t(e ne! r$%e "(o$%d not /e a##%ied retroa'ti2e%. a ain"t t(e State. A &ere #ro2i"iona% di"&i""a% o0 a 'ri&ina% 'a"e doe" not ter&inate a 'ri&ina% 'a"e. T(e #o""i/i%it. t(at t(e 'a"e &a. /e re2i2ed at an. ti&e &a. di"r$#t or red$'e1 i0 not derai%1 t(e '(an'e" o0 t(e a''$"ed 0or e&#%o.&ent1 '$rtai% (i" a""o'iation1 "$/*e't (i& to #$/%i' o/%o<$. and 'reate an4iet. in (i& and (i" 0a&i%.. )e i" $na/%e to %ead a nor&a% %i0e /e'a$"e o0 'o&&$nit. "$"#i'ion and (i" o!n an4iet.. )e 'ontin$e" to "$00er t(o"e #ena%tie" and di"a/i%itie" in'o&#ati/%e !it( t(e #re"$&#tion o0 inno'en'e. 55 )e &a. a%"o %o"e (i" !itne""e" or t(eir &e&orie" &a. 0ade !it( t(e #a""a e o0 ti&e. In t(e %on r$n1 it &a. di&ini"( (i" 'a#a'it. to de0end (i&"e%0 and t($" e"'(e! t(e 0airne"" o0 t(e entire 'ri&ina% *$"ti'e "."te&. 56 T(e ti&eB/ar $nder t(e ne! r$%e !a" 0i4ed /. t(e Co$rt to e4'i"e t(e &a%ai"e t(at #%a $ed t(e ad&ini"tration o0 t(e 'ri&ina% *$"ti'e "."te& 0or t(e benefit of the State and the accusedT not 0or t(e a''$"ed on%.. T(e Co$rt a ree" !it( t(e #etitioner" t(at to a##%. t(e ti&eB/ar retroa'ti2e%. "o t(at t(e t!oB .ear #eriod 'o&&en'ed to r$n on ;ar'( +11 1III !(en t(e #$/%i' #ro"e'$tor re'ei2ed (i" 'o#. o0 t(e re"o%$tion o0 J$d e A nir1 Jr. di"&i""in t(e 'ri&ina% 'a"e" i" in'on"i"tent !it( t(e intend&ent o0 t(e ne! r$%e. In"tead o0 i2in t(e State t!o .ear" to re2i2e #ro2i"iona%%. di"&i""ed 'a"e"1 t(e State (ad 'on"idera/%. %e"" t(an t!o .ear" to do "o. T($"1 J$d e A nir1 Jr. di"&i""ed Cri&ina% Ca"e" No". PBIIBD166I to PBIIBD16DI on ;ar'( 2I1 1III. T(e ne! r$%e too3 e00e't on De'e&/er 11 2EEE. I0 t(e Co$rt a##%ied t(e ne! ti&eB/ar retroa'ti2e%.1 t(e State !o$%d (a2e on%. one .ear and t(ree &ont(" or $nti% ;ar'( +11 2EE1 !it(in !(i'( to re2i2e t(e"e 'ri&ina% 'a"e". T(e #eriod i" "(ort o0 t(e t!oB.ear #eriod 0i4ed $nder t(e ne! r$%e. On t(e ot(er (and1 i0 t(e ti&e %i&it i" a##%ied #ro"#e'ti2e%.1 t(e State !o$%d (a2e t!o .ear" 0ro& De'e&/er 11 2EEE or $nti% De'e&/er 11 2EE2 !it(in !(i'( to re2i2e t(e 'a"e". T(i" i" in 'on"onan'e !it( t(e intend&ent o0 t(e ne! r$%e in 0i4in t(e ti&eB/ar and t($" #re2ent in*$"ti'e to t(e State and a2oid a/"$rd1 $nrea"ona/%e1 o##re""i2e1 in*$rio$"1 and !ron 0$% re"$%t" in t(e ad&ini"tration o0 *$"ti'e.

,read ori .-

La"t "a2ed /. #at 6C16C2EE5 F=1E=21 :;

2++. ;ACEDA VS. VASPUEN ad&ini"trati2e "$#er2i"ion o0 in0erior 'o$rt" A/rera !a" 0ro& t(e :$/%i' Attorne.H" O00i'e. )e a%%e ed t(at ;a'eda1 t(e J$d e o0 RTCBAnti<$e1 0a%"i0ied (i" 'erti0i'ate o0 "er2i'e. ;a'eda !a" "aid to (a2e 'erti0ied a%% 'ri&ina% and 'i2i% 'a"e" (a2e /een de'ided !it(in a #eriod o0 IE da.". A/rera '%ai&" t(at in tr$t( and in 0a't1 no de'i"ion (a" /een rendered in 5 'i2i% and 1E 'ri&ina% 'a"e". ;a'edaH" de0en"e i" t(at (e (ad /een ranted /. t(e SC an e4ten"ion o0 IE da." to de'ide t(e "aid 'a"e". )e a%"o ar $e" t(at t(e O&/$d"&an (a" no *$ri"di'tion o2er (i& "in'e t(e o00en"e '(ar ed aro"e 0ro& t(e #er0or&an'e o0 (i" o00i'ia% d$tie"1 !(i'( i" $nder t(e 'ontro% and "$#er2i"ion o0 t(e SC. ,)e '%ai&" t(at t(e O&/$d"&an en'roa'(e" on t(e SCH" #o!er o0 "$#er2i"ion o2er in0erior 'o$rt"-.

ISSUE= ?(o (a" *$ri"di'tion> ?(at i" "'o#e o0 SCH" #o!er o0 "$#er2i"ion> SC= A *$d e !(o 0a%"i0ie" (i" 'erti0i'ate o0 "er2i'e i" ad&ini"trati2e%. %ia/%e to t(e SC 0or "erio$" &i"'ond$'t and ine00i'ien'.1 AS ?ELL AS 'ri&ina%%. %ia/%e to t(e State $nder t(e R:C 0or 0e%onio$" a't. )o!e2er1 in t(e a/"en'e o0 an. ad&ini"trati2e a'tion ta3en a ain"t (i& /. t(e SC !it( re ard to (i" 'erti0i'ate o0 "er2i'e1 t(e in2e"ti ation /ein 'ond$'ted /. t(e O&/$d"&an en'roa'(e" into t(e Co$rtH" #o!er o0 ad&ini"trati2e "$#er2i"ion o2er a%% 'o$rt" and it" #er"onne%1 in 2io%ation o0 t(e do'trine o0 "e#aration o0 #o!er". T(e SCH" ad&ini"trati2e "$#er2i"ion in'%$de" a%% 'o$rt" and a%% 'o$rt #er"onne%1 0ro& t(e :re"idin J$"ti'e o0 t(e CA1 do!n to t(e %o!e"t ;TC '%er3. B. 2irt$e o0 t(i" #o!er1 it i" on%. t(e SC t(at 'an o2er"ee t(e *$d eH" and 'o$rt #er"onne%H" 'o&#%ian'e !it( a%% %a!"1 and ta3e t(e #ro#er ad&ini"trati2e a'tion a ain"t t(e& i0 t(e. 'o&&it an. 2io%ation t(ereo0. No ot(er /ran'( o0 o2ern&ent &a. intr$de into t(i" #o!er1 !it(o$t r$nnin a0o$% o0 t(e do'trine o0 "e#aration o0 #o!er". T($"1 t(e O&/$d"&an "(o$%d 0ir"t re0er t(e &atter to t(e SC 0or deter&ination !(et(er t(e "aid 'erti0i'ate" re0%e't t(e tr$e "tat$" o0 (i" #endin 'a"e %oad1 "in'e on%. t(e Co$rt (a" t(e ne'e""ar. re'ord" to &a3e "$'( deter&ination. T(e O&/$d"&an 'annot 'o&#e% t(i" Co$rt1 to "$/&it it" re'ord"1 or to a%%o! it" #er"onne% to te"ti0. on t(i" &atter. S(o$%d a *$d e1 (a2in /een ranted /. t(e SC an e4ten"ion o0 ti&e1 re#ort t(e"e 'a"e" in (i" 'erti0i'ate o0 "er2i'e> A" t(i" <$e"tion (ad not .et /een rai"ed !it(1 &$'( %e"" re"o%2ed /. t(i" Co$rt1 (o! 'o$%d t(e O&/$d"&an re"o%2e t(e #re"ent 'ri&ina% 'a"e t(at re<$ire" t(e re"o%$tion o0 "aid <$e"tion> In 0ine1 !(ere a 'ri&ina% 'o&#%aint a ain"t a *$d e or ot(er 'o$rt e&#%o.ee ari"e" 0ro& t(eir ad&ini"trati2e d$tie"1 t(e O&/$d"&an &$"t DEAER ACTION on "aid 'o&#%aint and REAER T)E SA;E to t(i" Co$rt 0or deter&ination !(et(er "aid *$d e or 'o$rt e&#%o.ee (ad a'ted !it(in t(e "'o#e o0 t(eir ad&ini"trati2e d$tie".

2+F. NITAAAN VS. CIR "a%arie" o0 *$d e" T(e *$d e" (ere "ee3 to #er#et$a%%. #ro(i/it t(e CIR 0ro& &a3in an. ded$'tion o0 !it((o%din ta4e" 0ro& t(eir "a%arie". T(e. "$/&it t(at an. ta4 !it((e%d 0ro& t(eir e&o%$&ent" or 'o&#en"ation a" *$di'ia% o00i'er" 'on"tit$te a de'rea"e or di&in$tion o0 t(eir "a%arie" !(i'( i" 'ontrar. to t(e Con"tit$tion &andatin t(at t(eir "a%arie" "(a%% not /e de'rea"ed d$rin t(eir ter&. T(e. a%"o 'ontednt t(at t(i" i" anat(e&a to an inde#endent *$di'iar..

ISSUE= Are t(e "a%arie" o0 *$d e" e4e&#t 0ro& in'o&e ta4> SC= NO. T(e '%ear intent o0 t(e ConBCo& !a" to de%ete an e4#re"" rant o0 e4e&#tion 0ro& #a.&ent o0 in'o&e ta4 to &e&/er" o0 t(e J$di'iar.1 "o a" to i2e "$/"tan'e to t(e EPUALITY A;ONG T)E T)REE BRANC)ES OA GOVERN;ENT. T(e Co$rt (a" "in'e t(en a$t(oriKed t(e 'ontin$ed ded$'tion o0 !it((o%din ta4 0ro& t(e "a%arie" o0 a%% t(e &e&/er" o0 t(e J$di'iar.. T(e Co$rt (a" di"'arded t(e do'trine in :er0e'to 2". ;eer !(i'( e4e&#ted t(e& 0ro& #a.&ent o0 in'o&e ta4. T(e Co$rt t($" reiterate" t(at t(e "a%arie" o0 J$"ti'e" and J$d e" are #ro#er%. "$/*e't to t(e enera% in'o&e ta4 %a! a##%i'a/%e to a%% in'o&e earner" and t(at t(e #a.&ent o0 "$'( ta4e" doe" not 0a%% !it(in t(e 'on"tit$tiona% #rote'tion a ain"t t(e de'rea"e o0 t(eir "a%arie" d$rin t(eir 'ontin$an'e in o00i'e. ,t(ere !a" a di"'$""ion on t(e intent o0 t(e 0ra&er".. Ar. B in t(e de%i/eration" #ro#o"ed an a&end&ent t(at 8t(e "a%arie" "(a%% not /e di&ini"(ed /$t &a. "ti%% /e "$/*e't to t(e enera% in'o&e ta4.9 T(e de/ate"1 inter#e%%ation" and o#inion" e4#re""ed di"'%o"ed t(at t(e tr$e intent o0 t(e 0ra&er" o0 t(e Con"tit$tion !a" to &a3e t(e "a%arie" o0 t(e J$di'iar. ta4a/%e. In t(e "#irit t(at a%% 'itiKen" "(o$%d /ear t(eir a%i<$ot #art o0 t(e 'o"t o0 &aintainin t(e o2ern&ent1 t(e. &$"t a%% "(are in t(e /$rden o0 enera% in'o&e ta4ation e<$ita/%.. La"t "a2ed /. #at 6C16C2EEI 16=E+ a6C#6

2+5. VARGAS VS. RILLORANA "e'$rit. o0 ten$re :etitioner" a""ai% t(e 'on"tit$tiona%it. o0 t(e Se' 1F o0 t(e :eo#%eH" Co$rt A't. Se'tion 1F #ro2ide"=
SEC. 67. !ny /ustice of the Supreme Court who held any office or position under the #hilippine Executive Commission or under the government called #hilippine epublic may not sit and vote in any case brought to that Court under section thirteen hereof in which the accused is a person who held any office or position under either or both the #hilippine Executive Commission and the #hilippine epublic or any branch, instrumentality and8or agency thereof. 9%f, on account of such dis-ualification, or because of any of the grounds of dis-ualification of judges, in ule 6:;, section % of the ules of Court, or on account of illness, absence or temporary disability the re-uisite number of /ustices necessary to constitute a -uorum or to render judgment in any case is not present, the #resident may designate such number of /udges of 0irst %nstance,/udges<at<large of 0irst %nstance, or Cadastral /udges, having none of the dis-ualifications set forth in said section one hereof, as may be necessary to sit temporarily as /ustices of said Court, in order to form a -uorum or until a judgment in said case is reached.9

T(e. '%ai& t(at=


,a- It #ro2ide" 0or <$a%i0i'ation" o0 &e&/er" o0 t(e S$#re&e Co$rt1 ot(er t(an t(o"e #ro2ided in "e'tion 61 Arti'%e VIII o0 t(e :(i%i##ine Con"tit$tion. L,/- It a$t(oriKe" t(e a##oint&ent o0 &e&/er" o0 t(e S$#re&e Co$rt !(o do not #o""e"" t(e <$a%i0i'ation" "et 0ort( in "e'tion F1 Arti'%e VIII1 o0 t(e :(i%i##ine Con"tit$tion. L,'- It re&o2e" 0ro& o00i'e t(e &e&/er" o0 t(e S$#re&e Co$rt /. &ean" o0 a #ro'ed$re ot(er t(an i&#ea'(&ent1 'ontrar. to Arti'%e I@1 o0 t(e :(i%i##ine Con"tit$tion. L,d- It de#ri2e" t(eU Co&&i""ion on A##oint&ent" o0 Con re"" o0 it" 'on"tit$tiona% #rero ati2e to 'on0ir& or re*e't a##oint&ent" to t(e S$#re&e Co$rt. L,e- It 'reate" t!o S$#re&e Co$rt". L,0- It i&#air" t(e r$%e &a3in #o!er o0 t(e S$#re&e Co$rt1 'ontrar. to "e'tion 1+1 Arti'%e VIII1 o0 t(e :(i%i##ine Con"tit$tion. L, - it i" a Bi%% o0 Attainder1 0or it #$ni"(e" /. di"<$a%i0i'ation &e&/er" o0 t(e S$#re&e Co$rt !(o rendered "aid #$/%i' "er2i'e d$rin t(e Ja#ane"e o''$#ation. L,(- it denie" t(e e<$a% #rote'tion o0 t(e %a!" L,i- It i" an e4 #o"t #a'to %e i"%ation. L,*- it a&end" t(e Con"tit$tion /. a #ro'ed$re not "an'tioned /. Arti'%e @V1 o0 t(e :(i%i##ine Con"tit$tion. L,3- It de"tro." t(e inde#enden'e o0 t(e J$di'iar.1 and it #er&it" t(e U#a'3in U o0 t(e S$#re&e 'o$rt in 'ertain 'a"e"1 eit(er /. Con re"" or /. t(e :re"ident.L

T(e So% en 'o$ntered t(at=


L1. :o!er o0 Con re"" to ena't "e'tion 1F o0 Co&&on!ea%t( A't No. 6D2. L2. Se'tion 1F o0 Co&&on!ea%t( A't No. 6D2 doe" not and i" not intended to #ro2ide an additiona% <$a%i0i'ation =0or &e&/er" o0 t(e S$#re&e Co$rt1 &$'( %e"" doe" it a&end "e'tion 61 Arti'%e VIII1 o0 t(e Con"tit$tion o0 t(e :(i%i##ine". L+. P$a%i0i'ation" o0 &e&/er" o0 t(e S$#re&e Co$rt #re"'ri/ed in "e'tion 61 Arti'%e Vi%% o0 t(e Con"tit$tion Ua##%. to #er&anent La##ointee"LBBnot to te&#orar. Ude"i nee".U LF. Se'tion 51 Arti'%e Vi%% o0 t(e Con"tit$tion i" not a##%i'a/%e to te&#orar. de"i nation" $nder "e'tion 1F1 'o&&on!ea%t( A't No. 6D2. L5. It doe" not re&o2e /$t &ere%. di"<$a%i0ie" t(e &e&/er" o0 t(e S$#re&e Co$rt a00e'ted to "it and 2ote in t(e #arti'$%ar '%a"" o0 'a"e" t(erein &entioned. L6. It doe" not 'reate an additiona% US#e'ia% S$#re&e Co$rt1U L6. It doe" not i&#air t(e r$%eB&a3in #o!er o0 t(e B S$#re&e Co$rt /$t &ere%. "$##%e&ent" t(e R$%e" o0 Co$rt. LD. It i" not a /i%% o0 attainder. LI. It i" not an e4 #o"t #a'to %a!.

L1E. It doe" not den. e<$a% #rote'tion o0 t(e %a!" eit(er to t(e J$"ti'e" o0 t(e S$#re&e Co$rt a00e'ted or to t(e trea"on indi'tee"T 'on'erned. L11. It doe" not a&end an. 'on"tit$tiona% #ro2i"ion. L12. It doe" not de"tro. t(e inde#enden'e o0 t(e *$di'iar. or '$rtai% t(e *$ri"di'tion o0 t(e S$#re&e Co$rt.L

ISSUES= 1- ?(et(er t(e Con re"" (ad #o!er to add to t(e #reBe4i"tin ro$nd 0or di"<$a%i0i'ation o0 a J$"ti'e. 2- ?(et(er a #er"on &a. a't a" J$"ti'e o0 t(e SC !(o (a" not /een d$%. a##ointed /. t(e :re"ident and not 'on0ir&ed /. t(e CA1 e2en on%. a" 8DESIGNEE9 +- ?(et(er t(e &anner o0 8de"i nation9 /. t(e :re"ident 'an 'on"tit$tiona%%. "it te&#orari%. a" J$"ti'e o0 t(e SC. SC= NO. NO. NO. 1. NO. I0 "e'tion 1F !ere to /e e00e'ti2e1 "$'( &e&/er" o0 t(e Co$rt !(o (e%d an. o00i'e or #o"ition $nder t(e :(i%i##ine E4e'$ti2e Co&&i""ion1 !o$%d /e di"<$a%i0ied 0ro& "ittin and 2otin in t(e in"tant 'a"e1 /e'a$"e t(e a''$"ed (erein i" a #er"on !(o %i3e!i"e (e%d an o00i'e $nder t(e :EC. In ot(er !ord"1 !(at t(e 'on"tit$tion ordained a" a #o!er and a d$t. to /e e4er'i"ed and 0$%0i%%ed /. "aid &e&/er" o0 t(e Co$rt1 t(e '(a%%en ed %a! !o$%d #ro(i/it t(e& 0ro& e4er'i"in and 0$%0i%%in . IN "(ort1 !(at t(e 'on"tit$tion dire't"1 t(e "e'tion 1F #ro(i/it". T(i" i" a '%ear re#$ nan'. to t(e 0$nda&enta% %a!. ?(ate2er &odi0i'ation t(e %e i"%at$re &a. #ro#o"e &$"t not 'ontra2ene t(e #ro2i"ion" o0 t(e 'on"tit$tion. T($"1 t(e di"<$a%i0i'ation added /. Se' 1F to t(o"e a%read. e4i"tin at t(e ti&e o0 t(e ado#tion o0 t(e Con"tit$tion i" ar/itrar.1 irrationa% and 2io%ati2e o0 t(e 'on"tit$tion. 2. NO. No #er"on not "o a##ointed /. t(e :re"ident ?IT) t(e 'on"ent o0 t(e CA1 &a. a't a" J$"ti'e o0 t(e SC. T(e 8de"i nation9 &ade /. Se'tion 1F doe" not 'o&#%. !it( t(e re<$ire&ent o0 a##oint&ent. An additiona% di"<$a%i0.in 'ir'$&"tan'e o0 t(e 8de"i nee9 i" t(e %a'3 o0 'on0ir&ation or 'on"ent /. t(e CA. So1 it &a. (a##en t(at a 8de"i nee9 $nder Se' 1F "ittin a" a "$/"tit$te J$"ti'e o0 t(e SC1 and #arti'i#atin t(erein in t(e de%i/eration" and 0$n'tion" o0 t(e SC1 doe" not #o""e"" t(e <$a%i0i'ation" o0 re $%ar &e&/er" o0 t(e SC. NO te&#orar. 'o&#o"ition o0 t(e SC i" a$t(oriKed /. t(e Con"tit$tion. T(e #(ra"e 8$n%e"" ot(er!i"e #ro2ided 0or /. %a!9 doe" NOT a$t(oriKe an. %e i"%ation t(at !o$%d a%ter t(e 'o&#o"ition o0 t(e SC1 no &atter (o! /rie0 a ti&e it &a. /e i&a ined. In #rin'i#%e1 !(at &atter" i" not t(e %en t( or "(ortne"" o0 t(e a%ternation o0 t(e 'on"tit$tiona% 'o&#o"ition o0 t(e Co$rt1 /$t t(e 2er. #er&anen'e and $na%tera/i%it. o0 t(at 'on"tit$tion "o %on a" t(e 'on"tit$tion !(i'( ordain" it re&ain" #er&anent and $na%tered. +. NO. No &atter (o! /rie0 or te&#orar. t(e #arti'i#ation o0 t(e *$d e1 t(ere i" no e"'a#in t(at (e !o$%d /e #arti'i#atin in t(e de%i/eration" o0 t(e t(e SC1 and (i" 2ote !o$%d 'o$nt a" &$'( a" t(at o0 an. re $%ar J$"ti'e. A 8te&#orar. &e&/er9 t(ereo0 i" a &i"no&er1 0or t(at i" not a #o"ition 'onte&#%ated /. t(e 'on"tit$tion. T(e Con"tit$tion i" '%ear t(at t(e CJ and t(e J$"ti'e" !(o 'o&#o"e t(e SC (a2e to /e a##ointed /. t(e :re"ident and 'on0ir&ed /. t(e CA. ;ere de"i nation $nder Se' 1F1 doe" not "ati"0. "aid re<$ire&ent.

T(e 8de"i nee"9 'annot /e "$'( &e&/er" in 2ie! o0 t(e 0a't t(at t(e. (a2e not /een a##ointed nor 'on0ir&ed. SEC 1F. NULL AND VOID.

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