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Floating Ball Game - Demonstrates Bernoulli's Principle - Law of Pressure

Differential -- Another classic science toy that is not only fun but teaches real
scientific concepts. Made of wood. Comes with two styrofoam balls. See how long
you can make the ball float. Challenge family and friends. Great party favor or
holiday gift. -- The floating ball game is an excellent example of "Bernoulli's
Principle". As air is forced around the ball it must move faster in order to "catch
floating ball game up" on the other side. The result is a decrease in air pressure
around the ball that in turn keeps the ball in place. The force is strong enough to
resist other forces acting on the ball such as a subtle tap from your finger. The
force can also overcome gravity if the flow of air is strong enough. This can be
demonstrated by turning the base of the pipe 15-20 degrees - the ball will
remain suspended in the air flow even though it is not directly above it. Give it a
try and see what you can discover!
What do a flying airplane and a pitcher's curve ball have in common? Well,
besides the fact that both travel through the air at amazingly fast speeds, both
are based on a principle called Bernoulli's principle. Bernoulli (pronounced Burr
New Lee), was a Swiss mathematician who liked to piddle around with these
types of things.
Archimedes`principle

The letter scale uses Archimedes's principle to weigh letters. A graduated cylinder of
pyrex glass is floating in liquid. The weight of the letter pushes down the upper
cylinder, thus causing the liquid to rise in between the two cylinders. The movement is
thus measured and transferred into weight units.
Pascal`s principle

Pascal's Principle
Pressure is transmitted undiminished in an enclosed static
fluid.

Any
externally applied pressure is transmitted to all parts of the enclosed fluid, making possible a
large multiplication of force (hydraulic press principle). The pressure at the bottom of the jug
is equal to the externally applied pressure on the top of the fluid plus the static fluid pressure
from the weight of the liquid.
Atmospheric pressure
Gas pressure
Static Fluid Pressure
The pressure exerted by a static fluid depends only upon the
depth of the fluid, the density of the fluid, and the acceleration
of gravity.
The pressure in a static fluid arises from the weight of the fluid and is given by the expression
ρ = m/V = fluid density
Pstatic fluid = ρgh where g = acceleration of gravity
h = depth of fluid
The pressure from the weight of a column of liquid of area A and height h is

The most remarkable thing about this expression is what it does not include. The fluid
pressure at a given depth does not depend upon the total mass or total volume of the liquid.
The above pressure expression is easy to see for the straight, unobstructed column, but not
obvious for the cases of different geometry which are shown.
Because of the ease of visualizing a column height of a known liquid, it has become common
practice to state all kinds of pressures in column height units, like mmHg or cm H2O, etc.
Pressures are often measured by manometers in terms of a liquid column height.

DEFINITIONS
Pressure : a force, F normally to the surface with an area, A will result in a pressure, P which
can be defined as P = F/A.
Gas press. : a force per unit area exerted by the gas particle as they collide with the walls of
their container.
Pascal’s principle : can be stated as F1/F2 = A1/A2 where F1 is the force supplied (N), F2 is
the force produced (N), A1 is the area over which the original force is applied (M squared),
and A2 is the area over which the produced force is applied (M squared)
Archimedes’ principle : state that the buoyant force on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to
the weight of the fluid displaced by that object
Bernoulli’s principle : relates the pressure of a moving fluid with the speed at which the fluid
is moving.

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