Fotoxx User Guide v.11.

10
License and Warranty Fotoxx is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3 (Free Software Foundation). Fotoxx is not warranted for any ur ose! but if you find a bu"! # will try to fix it. Origin and Contact Fotoxx ori"inates fro$ the author%s web site htt &''(ornelix.s)uares ace.co$'fotoxx. *ther web sites $ay offer it for download. +odifications $ay have been $ade. #f you have )uestions! su""estions! or a bu" to re ort! you $ay contact $e. So$e additional technical notes can be found here.

Getting Started
Installation ,o install Fotoxx! try the a ro riate ac(a"e file first& ac(a"es. #t $ay install *- with one clic(. #f not! you $ust install fro$ source code. #nstructions are here& downloads. Fotoxx should show u in the Gra hics $enu after installation (or $aybe after a new lo"in). #f not! use the co$$and .fotoxx. in a ter$inal window or launcher. /hen started for the first ti$e! Fotoxx will as( you to run the File Synchroni0e function. 1ou can cancel this for now. ,o test Fotoxx! use the toolbar button 2o en3 to find an i$a"e file (.4PG .,#F .PNG ...) and chec( that it is dis layed *-. Use the $enu 5etouch 6 7ri"htness'8olor and ress the button 29993 a few ti$es : the i$a"e should bri"hten. Use the button 2cancel3 to exit this function without chan"in" the i$a"e. Press the toolbar button 2"allery3 to show all the i$a"e files in the sa$e directory as an array of thu$bnail i$a"es. ,his $ay be slow at first! since the thu$bnails $ust be "enerated! but it will be fast the next ti$e you visit the sa$e directory. 8lic( on any thu$bnail to show the i$a"e full:si0e. #f all this wor(s *-! then Fotoxx is wor(in" nor$ally. Initialization Fotoxx needs to (now where all your i$a"es are located (directory and file na$es) and their i$bedded $etadata (if any)& ta"s! ca tions! co$$ents! ratin"s! dates. Fotoxx also needs to create thu$bnail i$a"es so that the "allery windows (thu$bnail a"es) will wor( fast. ou should run the !enu "unction #ools $ Synchronize Files %e"ore doing any signi"icant &or'. ;fter you run this function! the "allery windows will wor( $uch faster! and the Search #$a"es function will be able to search thousands of i$a"es er second. Until you do this! Fotoxx will re$ind you each ti$e it starts u . #t $ay need so$e ti$e to co$ lete! de endin" on the nu$ber of i$a"es and co$ uter s eed. /henever new i$a"e files are added to your collection! you will be as(ed a"ain to run this function! but this ti$e will be $uch faster! since only the new i$a"es are rocessed. For $ore details! see the to ic Synchroni0e Files.

(ssential In"or!ation "or those &ho hate %ig user !anuals) o +enu functions have live hel activated by (eyboard F<. o +ouse left clic(& 0oo$ i$a"e bi""er! centered at $ouse osition. o +ouse dra" across 0oo$ed i$a"e& scroll the i$a"e. o +ouse ri"ht clic(& restore i$a"e to fit in window. o Gallery button& thu$bnail browser& view all i$a"es in current directory. o 8lic( i$a"e in thu$bnail browser& show i$a"e in $ain window. o +enu& ,ools 6 8han"e Lan"ua"e& switch between =n"lish and your lan"ua"e. Fotoxx Startu*) ,o start Fotoxx! use one of the followin" co$$and lines in a launcher or ter$inal window& fotoxx start with a blan( window fotoxx 'so$e'i$a"e'file.> " o en this i$a"e file if found fotoxx 'so$e'directory' show a "allery of i$a"e files in this directory fotoxx : rev (or : ) o en the last file viewed in the revious session fotoxx :recent (or :r) show a "allery of recent files! clic( one to o en it /hen you see the word directory! substitute "older if this is your way of thin(in". +any dialo"s have a !y !ouse chec(box. #f chec(ed! $ouse clic(s and dra"s are dialo" in uts? if unchec(ed! these will 0oo$ and scroll the $ain window. 1ou can to""le bac( and forth. +ialog %uttons $ostly wor( as follows& Proceed : close dialo"! roceed with len"thy tas(. ; ly : a ly settin"s fro$ dialo"! leave dialo" active. @one : (ee dialo" chan"es and close dialo". 8ancel : discard chan"es and close dialo".

General (diting ,rocedure ,he i$a"e in the $ain window (the current i$a"e) can be o erated on with the edit functions (in the $enus 5etouch! ,ransfor$! ;rt! 8o$bine). ,hese functions $odify the current i$a"e in $e$ory. 1ou can use these functions in any order! and the chan"es are accu$ulated for the current i$a"e and shown in the $ain window. ,he ,oolbar 2undo3 and 2redo3 buttons can be used to review the before'after results for the current active edit functioin. ;fter the function is closed (dialo" 2done3 or 2cancel3 button)! these buttons can be used to review all the edits done to the current i$a"e (u to AA). /hen finished editin" an i$a"e! use 2Save3 to re lace the ori"inal i$a"e file with the $odified one. Use 2Save9B3 to save the $odified i$a"e with the ori"inal file na$e a ended with a version nu$ber (and both are (e t). Use 2Save9F3 to save the $odified i$a"e to a new file. +any i$a"e edit dialo"s have sliders! s in buttons! or editable curves that u date the i$a"e in the $ain window. ,he reaction ti$e de ends on the si0e of the i$a"e! the co$ lexity of the function and the s eed of your co$ uter. ,his is ty ically C< second for a co$ uter with D9 GE0 and D9 rocessor cores. Curve (diting)

Several i$a"e edit functions use editable curves. 1ou can $ani ulate the curves to chan"e so$e ro erty of the i$a"e (e.". color saturation) de endin" on so$e other ro erty (e.". bri"htness). ,o illustrate! you could increase color saturation in the dar(er areas of an i$a"e without chan"in" it in bri"hter areas. Generally! the F:axis of the curve re resents the in ut ro erty (bri"htness in the rior exa$ le) and the 1:axis the out ut ro erty (color saturation). ,he curves can be $oved ( ulled) with the $ouse. .U . increases the effect of the current edit function and .down. decreases the effect. ;n anchor oint (blac( dot) is added to the curve wherever it is ulled! and this beco$es

a constraint for subse)uent ulls& the curve will continue to "o throu"h this oint as other arts of the curve are ulled. ;nchor oints can also be dra""ed. @elete by ri"ht:clic(in" the$. ,he curve edit windows have buttons 2o en3 and 2save3 which can be used to load a curve reviously saved to a file. ,his $ay reduce the ti$e to edit the curves for a series of i$a"es receivin" si$ilar treat$ent. Si!*le Wor'"lo& +ost of the ti$e you can >ust edit the 4P=G file that co$es out of the ca$era. Use the followin" $ore co$ lex rocedure only if you see .color bands. after editin" the i$a"e. Co!*lex Wor'"lo& 8onvert the ca$era 5;/ file to ,#FF! which will roduce an i$a"e with <G bits'color. ,he hi"h color de th reduces the ris( of visible .color bands. fro$ functions that can radically shift the bri"htness distribution (es ecially Flatten and ,one +a in"). /hen finished! convert the final ,#FF to 4P=G ()uality level HI9) to reduce the file si0e (fro$ ty ically JI +7 to D +7). 1ou will li(ely not be able to see any difference between the final ,#FF and 4P=G i$a"es. ,o reserve the ossibility of re:editin" the i$a"e later! (ee the 5;/ file! which is $uch s$aller than the ,#FF file.

Selecting I!ages "ro! an I!age Gallery Windo&

,his rocedure is used in several functions which use or $odify $ulti le i$a"e files (create a na$ed collection! batch add or delete ta"s! batch resi0e i$a"es! others). #t is ex lained once here! and this ara"ra h is lin(ed fro$ each of the functions usin" this rocedure.

/hen i$a"e files are selected! a dialo" box a ears with an e$ ty list for the selected i$a"e files. 7ehind it is a "allery window which er$its the selection of $ulti le i$a"es. ,o select an i$a"e! clic( its thu$bnail and the i$a"e file will be added to the list. 1ou can navi"ate the "allery window to other directories and choose i$a"es in any order. ,he list of i$a"e files can also be $ani ulated to chan"e the se)uence or re$ove i$a"es added by $ista(e. 8lic( on a file in the list to show its thu$bnail in the dialo" and also set the current list osition. ,he next i$a"e file added will be inserted at this osition. #f the 2delete3 button is ressed! the current list osition will be deleted! and if the 2insert3 button is ressed! the last deleted i$a"e file will be inserted at the current osition. ,o $ove an i$a"e to a new osition in the list& clic( the i$a"e file (its thu$bnail will be shown)! ress 2delete3! clic( another i$a"e file and ress 2insert3. ,he deleted i$a"e will be inserted before the selected i$a"e. ,he list can also be edited directly& you can use cut and aste to "et the se)uence you wish! but be careful to always cut and aste entire lines (files) only. ,he 2addKall3 button will add all the i$a"e files in the current i$a"e "allery. ;fter usin" Search #$a"es to establish a set of i$a"es! the "allery window will contain this set. 1ou can select individual i$a"es fro$ the "allery! or use 2add all3 and then delete unwanted i$a"es.

Fotoxx -enus and #ool%ar .uttons

File !enu #$a"e Gallery 8lone JI'JI 8lone *verlay * en #$a"e File * en in New /indow * en Previous File * en 5ecent File Save to Sa$e File Save to New Bersion Save to New File 8reate 7lan( #$a"e ,rash #$a"e File 5ena$e #$a"e File 7atch 5ena$e Files 8reate 8ollection * en 8ollection @elete 8ollection =dit 8ollection Print #$a"e File Luit Fotoxx File +ana"e$ent Show thu$bnail i$a"es : i$a"e files in the current directory ($ore). 8lone Fotoxx and share the des(to JI'JI with the old instance ($ore). 8lone Fotoxx and o en a new window sli"htly offset fro$ the old one ($ore). File o en dialo" : o en an i$a"e file to view or edit ($ore). File o en dialo" : o en new file in a new window ($ore). Go bac( to the last i$a"e file o ened ($ore). 8hoose fro$ a list of the $ost recent i$a"e files o ened ($ore). Save $odified i$a"e to the sa$e file (overwrite) ($ore). Save $odified i$a"e to the sa$e file with a new version nu$ber a Save $odified i$a"e to a new file ($ore). 8reate a new blan( i$a"e file ($ore). +ove an i$a"e file into the trash bin ($ore). 5ena$e i$a"e files! o tionally add se)uence nu$bers ($ore). 5ena$e $any i$a"e files usin" a base na$e and se)uence nu$ber ($ore). 8reate a new i$a"e collection fro$ existin" i$a"es ($ore). * en an i$a"e collection ($ore). @elete an i$a"e collection ($ore). =dit an i$a"e collection : add! re$ove! or rearran"e i$a"es ($ore). Select rinter ' a er for$at ' orientation and rint i$a"e ($ore). =xit fro$ Fotoxx. ended ($ore).

#ools !enu 8hec( +onitor +onitor Ga$$a 7ri"htness Gra h Slide Show Show 5G7 Grid Lines Lens Para$eters 8han"e Lan"ua"e =dit ,ranslations ;dd +enu and Launcher 8onvert 5;/ Files 7urn #$a"es to 8@'@B@ =:$ail #$a"es Synchroni0e Files ,oolbar Style +e$ory Usa"e In"o -enu =dit 8a tion'8o$$ents ,a"s *verview =dit ,a"s +ana"e ,a"s 7atch ;dd ,a"s 7atch @elete ,a" Search #$a"es Biew #nfo (short) Biew #nfo (lon") =dit #nfo @elete #nfo

Utilities and setu functions. @is lay a color alette for tunin" your $onitor ($ore). ;d>ust $onitor "a$$a to o ti$u$ for i$a"e editin" ($ore). Show bri"htness distribution "ra h of current i$a"e ($ore). Show i$a"es full screen (no $enu or toolbar) ($ore). Show 5G7 values at osition of $ouse clic( ($ore). ;dd or re$ove "rid lines for i$a"e ali"n$ent (unbend! rotate) ($ore). =dit ara$eters for your ca$eras and lenses ($ore). 8han"e the GU# lan"ua"e ($ore). 5evise the translations interactively ($ore). ;dd a des(to $enu entry and a des(to launcher ($ore). 8onvert one or $any 5;/ i$a"e files to tiff ($ore). Select i$a"es and write the$ on a 8@ or @B@ ($ore). Select i$a"es! downsi0e! send to your =:$ail ro"ra$ ($ore). 5ebuild the i$a"e search index and refresh all thu$bnails ($ore). Set toolbar style to text! icons! or both ($ore). @u$ a $e$ory usa"e table to the lo" file ($ore). Biew and edit i$a"e data and attributes ;dd or chan"e descri tive text for an i$a"e ($ore). =x lanation of ta"s and how they are used ($ore). ;dd or chan"e i$a"e ta"s ((eywords)! stars ratin"! or date ($ore). 8reate ta"s and ta" cate"ories ($ore). ;dd $any ta"s to $any i$a"es at once ($ore). @elete or re lace one ta" for $any i$a"es at once ($ore). Find i$a"es with desired ta"s ' stars ' dates ' co$$ents ' ca tions ($ore). Biew $ost i$ ortant i$a"e data ($ore). Biew all available i$a"e data ($ore). ;dd or chan"e the data for a s ecific (ey ($ore). @elete a s ecific (ey or all i$a"e data ($ore).

Select !enu *verview Select Show ' Eide =nable ' @isable #nvert Unselect 8o y ' Paste * en ' Save Select /hole #$a"e Select and =dit /etouch !enu ;d>ust /hite 7alance +a(e Ne"ative Flatten 7ri"htness 7ri"htness ' 8olor Ga$$a 8urve 7ri"htness 5a$ =x and 7ri"htness @5G7 +atch 8olors ,one +a 5ed =yes 7lur #$a"e Shar en #$a"e 5educe Noise S$art =rase 5e$ove @ust =dit Pixels 5evise 5G7 in"

Selected areas within i$a"es where edits are confined =x lanation of area selection and editin" ($ore). Select an area for subse)uent editin" ($ore). Show or hide an area outline ($ore). =nable or disable an area for subse)uent editin" ($ore). #nvert an area ($ore). Unselect an area ($ore). 8o y an area to $e$ory and aste it so$ewhere else ($ore). Save an area to a file and load it later to use in other i$a"es ($ore). Select the whole i$a"e as a $as( for retouch edit functions ($ore). +ouse over an i$a"e area to a ly an edit function incre$entally ($ore).

Functions that chan"e i$a"e )ualities 5e$ove false color fro$ an i$a"e ($ore). +a(e a blac(:white or color ne"ative! or a ositive fro$ a ne"ative ($ore). Flatten the bri"htness distribution to enhance detail ($ore). =dit bri"htness! contrast! color saturation! color balance ($ore). =dit bri"htness and color usin" the classic "a$$a curve ($ore). Eori0ontal ' Bertical variation of bri"htness ($ore). 8li low ' hi"h bri"htness levels and ex and the rest ($ore). 8han"e bri"htness or 5G7 colors usin" *@ units ($ore). +atch the colors in one i$a"e to those in another i$a"e ($ore). #ncrease local contrast to to enhance details ($ore). 5e$ove red eyes fro$ flash hotos ($ore). 7lur an i$a"e (e.". s$oothen s(in) ($ore). Shar en a blurred i$a"e ($ore). 5educe noise (s ec(les) in low:li"ht i$a"es ($ore). 5e$ove ower lines and other s oilers by substitutin" nei"hborin" ixels ($ore). 5e$ove dust s ots on i$a"es $ade fro$ scanned slides ($ore). =dit ixels and aint lines or areas usin" the $ouse ($ore). +a(e co$ lex color corrections that vary over the i$a"e ($ore).

#rans"or! !enu ,ri$ #$a"e 5esi0e #$a"e 7atch 5esi0e ' =x ort ;nnotate #$a"e 5otate #$a"e Fli #$a"e Unbend #$a"e Strai"hten #$a"e /ar #$a"e (area) /ar #$a"e (curved) /ar #$a"e (linear) /ar #$a"e (affine) 0rt !enu 8olor @e th @rawin" *utlines =$bossin" ,iles @ots Paintin" Co!%ine !enu Ei"h @yna$ic 5an"e Ei"h @e th of Field Stac( ' Paint Stac( ' Noise Panora$a ' Bertical Panora$a

Functions that chan"e i$a"e si0e! sha e! content 8ut out a rectan"ular ortion of an i$a"e ($ore). Scale an i$a"e u or down ($ore). 5esi0e $ulti le i$a"es (for u load to the web! e:$ail! etc.) ($ore). /rite text annotations on an i$a"e ($ore). 5otate an i$a"e (level an i$a"e or turn in AI ste s) ($ore). +irror an i$a"e hori0ontally or vertically ($ore). Fix ers ective roble$s ($ore). Strai"hten a .tetra"on. hoto $ade fro$ an offset an"le ($ore). @istort i$a"e within an area by ullin" with the $ouse ($ore). @istort entire i$a"e by ullin" with the $ouse ($ore). @istort entire i$a"e by ullin" with the $ouse ($ore). @istort entire i$a"e by ullin" with the $ouse ($ore). Functions that $a(e artful transfor$ations 5educe color de th ( osteri0e) ($ore). ,ransfor$ a hoto into a si$ulated encil or chal( drawin" ($ore). ,ransfor$ a hoto into a colori0ed line drawin" ($ore). ,ransfor$ a hoto into a si$ulated e$bossin" ($ore). ,ransfor$ a hoto into tiles ( ixelate i$a"e) ($ore). ,ransfor$ a hoto into an array of dots ($ore). ,ransfor$ a hoto into a si$ulated aintin" ($ore). Functions that co$bine $ulti le i$a"es +a(e a hi"h dyna$ic ran"e i$a"e fro$ $ulti le i$a"es ($ore). +a(e a hi"h de th of field i$a"e fro$ $ulti le i$a"es ($ore). 8o$bine $ulti le i$a"es to re$ove tourists and cars ($ore). 8o$bine $ulti le i$a"es to reduce noise ($ore). 4oin D:M overla in" i$a"es to $a(e an ultra:wide i$a"e ($ore).

,lugins !enu

*ther i$a"e edit ro"ra$s can be used as edit functions in foloxx ($ore).

1el* !enu

User "uide! 5=;@+=! chan"e lo" ($ore).

#ool%ar .uttons Gallery * en Prev ' Next Save ' Save9B ' Save9F Undo ' 5edo Shift:(ey 9 5edo ' 5edo Noo$9 Noo$: ,rash Luit Eel Show thu$bnails of i$a"e flles in the current directory ($ore). File o en dialo" : o en an i$a"e file to view or edit ($ore). Go to revious or next i$a"e in the current directory or search set. Save i$a"e to the sa$e file! to a new version! or to a new file ($ore). Undo one edit ' 5edo one edit : u to AA edits of the current i$a"e. 8han"es the buttons to 2undo all3 and 2redo all3. +a"nify the i$a"e. ; left $ouse clic( also $a"nifies. 5educe the i$a"e to fit window. ; ri"ht $ouse clic( also reduces. +ove an i$a"e file into the trash bin ($ore). =xit fro$ Fotoxx. Show online user "uide ($ore).

2ey%oard Shortcuts -ain Windo& left ' ri"ht arrow (eys lus(9) ' $inus(:) (eys N (ey 5 ' L (eys G (ey , (ey 7 (ey @elete (ey =sca e (ey S acebar 8ontrol 9 s 8ontrol 9 S 8ontrol 9 v or B 8ontrol 9 ) or L I!age Gallery &indo& Eo$e ' =nd (eys Pa"e U ' @own (eys u ' down arrow (eys left ' ri"ht arrow (eys lus(9) ' $inus(:) (eys =sca e (ey +ialogs "or User In*ut F< function (ey -ouse Functions left clic( ri"ht clic( dra" on i$a"e Noo$:in& $a"nify i$a"e! center at clic( osition. Noo$:out& restore i$a"e to window si0e. Scroll a 0oo$ed i$a"e in the o osite direction! li(e a scroll bar. dis lay user "uide section for current function $ove to first ' last a"e of i$a"e "allery (thu$bnails) $ove to revious ' next a"e of i$a"e "allery $ove u ' down by one row of i$a"e "allery $ove to revious ' next a"e of i$a"e "allery bi""er ' s$aller i$a"e "allery thu$bnail si0e close i$a"e "allery window revious ' next i$a"e 0oo$ bi""er ' s$aller to""le& 0oo$ to <IIO ' fit in window rotate AI ri"ht ' left to""le "rid lines on or off shortcut for $enu ,ransfor$ 6 ,ri$ shortcut for $enu 5etouch 6 7ri"htness'8olor $ove i$a"e to trash bin =xit slide show $ode ause and resu$e slide show ti$er Save to ori"inal file (no )uestions as(ed) Save9F& dialo" to choose a tar"et file Save9B& save to new version (no )uestions as(ed) Luit Fotoxx

File -enu
3avigation

Use the #$a"e Gallery $enu or the 2"allery3 toolbar button to o en an i$a"e "allery window (thu$bnails) showin" i$a"e files in the current directory! the latest search results! or the current na$ed collection. Use this window to scroll around the directory and select i$a"e files by clic(in" thu$bnails. ,he buttons at the to allow scrollin" forward or bac( by rows or a"es. Use the 2 arent3 and 2o en3 buttons to >u$ to other locations. Use the 2bi""er3 and 2s$aller3 buttons to chan"e the thu$bnail si0e and the nu$ber of visible thu$bnails. Pressin" the 2"allery3 button in the Fotoxx $ain window will brin" the "allery window forward with the current i$a"e file in the to row. 8lic(in" on a thu$bnail will brin" the Fotoxx $ain window forward with the selected i$a"e. ,he windows see$ to re lace each:other! but one is only on to of the other! and they can be dra""ed a art if you want to view both. ,here are three ty es of i$a"e "allery windows& (<) the i$a"e files in a sin"le directory ( lus subfolders at the to of the list)! (D) the results of usin" the i$a"e search function to find i$a"es that $ay be in $any different directories! (3) the i$a"es in a na$ed collection. ,he title bar of the window will show the directory ath! .Search 5esults.! or the collection file na$e.

Clone Fotoxx Start a new instance of Fotoxx in a new window. ,here are two variations& s lit the screen JI'JI between the two windows! or o en the new window over the old window! sli"htly offset for visibility. 8lone is useful to co$ are i$a"es or to wor( with $ore than one i$a"e at a ti$e. 7oth windows can be used to edit i$a"es. ,he new window will initially have an un$odified version of the current i$a"e file. ,he ori"inal window (ee s whatever edits have been done. #f the sa$e file is edited in both windows! the result will de end on whichever window saved it last. Use the toolbar button 2Save9F3 if you want to (ee both i$a"e files.

O*en I!age File ,his function starts a standard file o en dialo"! allowin" you to select an i$a"e file or navi"ate to another directory and select an i$a"e file. ,he selected file is o ened in the Fotoxx $ain window where you can view or edit the i$a"e file usin" the $enus and toolbar buttons. ,he $ain window title bar always shows the file na$e and directory of the current i$a"e file. @ra" and dro can also be used to o en a file& dra" an i$a"e file fro$ Nautilus (or other source) to the Fotoxx window or des(to launcher! and Fotoxx will o en the file. #f text is dra""ed fro$ "edit (or other ro"ra$ with dra" sourcin")! Fotoxx will assu$e the text is a files ec and try to o en it. ,hus you can $a(e a list of files ecs in a text file and use this list with Fotoxx. =ffectively! you can use Nautilus or text files to navi"ate a collection of i$a"es as an alternative to the Fotoxx navi"ation syste$. ;dd Fotoxx to the .o en with. list for > e"! tiff! etc. in Nautilus or other file browser. #f the current i$a"e "allery list is fro$ an i$a"e search function or a na$ed collection! and you o en a new file with * en #$a"e File! the "allery will be re laced with i$a"e files fro$ the sa$e directory as the o ened file. ; $essa"e infor$s you and "ives the o tion to roceed or cancel. 8a$era 5;/ files can also be o ened. ,his $ay need a few seconds de endin" on file si0e and rocessor s eed. ,he 5;/ file is converted to tiff:<G and this file is o ened. #t re$ains on the dis( unless you delete it or $ove it to ,rash. 5;/ files are not included in "allery lists because the rocessin" ti$e is too $uch. #f you want the$ in the "alleries! # su""est the followin"& save the converted tiff file in a s$aller si0e and for$at so that less dis( s ace is re)uired. ; <'M si0e > e" file will use less than <O of a full:si0e tiff. *f course you can always "et the full si0e i$a"e bac( fro$ the 5;/ file. O*en in 3e& Windo& ,his is the sa$e function! but the new file is o ened in a new instance of Fotoxx. ,he current file re$ains in the old instance. ,his function is a co$bination of o en file and clone.

O*en ,revious File Go bac( to the reviously o ened i$a"e file! also if this is in a different directory. ,his differs fro$ the toolbar button 2Prev3 which "oes to the revious i$a"e file in the sa$e directory as the current i$a"e file! or the revious i$a"e in the last search results.

O*en /ecent File ,he AA reviously o ened i$a"e files are resented in a list! fro$ which you can select a file to o en.

Save I!age File +enu File $ Save to Sa!e File or toolbar button 4Save5 Save the current i$a"e file bac( to itself. #f this is an ori"inal file (not an edited or versioned file)! you will be warned that you are overwritin" the ori"inal file. 1ou can override the warnin" and continue. 1ou can also elect to er$anently su ress this warnin" if wanted. #f the file is a 4P=G file! the default )uality (AI) is used. +enu File 6 Save to 3e& 6ersion or toolbar button 4Save765 Save the current i$a"e file with a new version nu$ber. File na$es with version nu$bers are for$atted .filena$e.vNN.ext. where NN is a version nu$ber I< to AA. ,he M characters .vNN are inserted between the file na$e and extension. #f the file na$e has no versions! version .vI< will be created. #f file versions are already resent on dis(! then the next hi"her version nu$ber is used. ,here is no dialo" or confir$ation. #f the file is a 4P=G file! the default )uality (AI) is used. +enu File $ Save to 3e& File or toolbar button 4Save7F5

; dialo" o ens to save the current i$a"e file to a selected file! which can be the ori"inal file! another existin" file! or a new file. ;n edited i$a"e file can be saved in three for$ats! 4P=G! PNG!

and ,#FF. 4P=G is nor$ally the best o tion! since these are co$ ressed to reduce s ace. 1ou can choose a 4P=G )uality value in the ran"e <:<II. Lower values "ive s$aller files and less i$a"e )uality. Balues above HI are "enerally hard to distin"uish fro$ <II (hi"hest )uality! lar"est file si0e). PNG files are co$ ressed without any loss of )uality and are usually lar"er than 4P=G files of the hi"hest )uality. ,#FF files are unco$ ressed and lar"er than 4P=G or PNG. ,#FF files $ay be saved with P or <G bits er color. ,he <G:bit ,#FF for$at only $a(es sense for files converted fro$ a 5;/ for$at su ortin" $ore than P bits er color (ca$era 5;/ files are ty ically <D bits er color with noise in the lowest <:D bits). #t is rare that the difference between P and <G bits er color can be seen with the eye. Eowever! an i$a"e with hi"her bits has $ore latitude when the bri"htness is altered with a ro"ra$ li(e Fotoxx. #f .$a(e current. is chec(ed! the newly saved file will beco$e the current file. #n either case! the edit history is retained (i.e. undo and redo still wor().

File si0es for a <I $e"a ixel i$a"e are rou"hly as follows (de endin" on a$ount of detail)&
tiff:<G JP +7 tiff:P <A +7 n" <M +7 > e":<II H +7 > e":AI D +7 > e":PI < +7 > e":HI I.G +7

Create .lan' I!age 8reate a blan( i$a"e with s ecified ixel di$ensions and color. ,his can be used as a bac("round for a $ashu usin" cutouts ta(en fro$ other i$a"es (via Select ;rea) and annotation text (via ;nnotate #$a"e). #n ut a file na$e! choose a bac("round color! and set the desired ixel di$ensions.

#rash I!age File Fotoxx uses the Linux des(to standard for trash. #f this wor(s! trashed i$a"e files "o into the standard trash location and can be recovered later if wanted. *therwise! Fotoxx uts trashed i$a"es into a des(to directory na$ed .fotoxx:trash.. 1ou can delete it or $ove it to your Linux: s ecific trash. #f standard trash does not wor(! you $ay be able to fix this yourself. See the technical note about this.

/ena!e I!age File

,his function can hel auto$ate the rocess of rena$in" a series of i$a"e files usin" a root na$e (e.". an event or lace na$e) and a se)uence nu$ber. #t is "ood for rena$in" a series of i$a"e files fro$ a di"ital ca$era. * en the first i$a"e file in the series! in ut a new na$e! and ress the 2rena$e to3 button. Use the 2next3 button to $ove to the next file if wanted. 1ou can use the sa$e na$e a"ain by ressin" the 2 revious3 button and then add a suffix or se)uence nu$ber. #f you are usin" se)uence nu$bers! ress the 2 9< 3 button after the 2 revious3 button to "et the next se)uence nu$ber added to the na$e.

.atch /ena!e Files ,his function is hel ful if you want $any i$a"e files ( erha s with the sa$e date or fro$ the sa$e event) to have the sa$e na$es with an added se)uence nu$ber. #n the dialo"! s ecify a base na$e! a startin" se)uence nu$ber! and an incre$ent. For exa$ le! a base na$e of .arctic cruise:.! a startin" se)uence nu$ber of <II! and an incre$ent of < will roduce a series of file na$es li(e this& arctic cruise:<II! arctic cruise:<I<! arctic cruise:<ID! etc. (file extensions will not be chan"ed). Use the button 2select files3 to o en a file chooser dialo" to select as $any i$a"e files as you want. /hen done! ress 2 roceed3 to rena$e all the i$a"e files at once. @on%t use this function to rena$e non:i$a"e files! since Fotoxx will also try to u date file na$e and ta" associations in the search index file.

I!age Collections 8 Conce*ts ;n i$a"e collection is an arbitrary collection of i$a"es that is $anually asse$bled fro$ other i$a"es in the Fotoxx database. ,his is one $ethod to $a(e "rou s of associated i$a"es (two other $ethods are ta"s! titles and co$$ents! and directory and file na$es). ;n i$a"e collection is si$ ly a list of the $e$ber i$a"e files. ,he i$a"e files the$selves are not co ied or chan"ed. ; "iven i$a"e can be a $e$ber of $ulti le collections. 8ollections can be used to "rou i$a"es with so$e shared characteristics! such as hotos fro$ a vacation tri ! hotos of a "iven erson ta(en at different ti$es or events! a .best hotos. collection! etc. *nce a collection is $ade! you can call it u by na$e and use it for other ur oses! e.". view as a slide show or burn to a 8@. 1ou can add and re$ove i$a"es in a collection and rearran"e the order of the i$a"es. ;n i$a"e $ay also be resent $ulti le ti$es in a collection.

Create an I!age Collection ; dialo" and "allery window is o ened for selectin" i$a"e files ( lin'). Select any nu$ber of files. /hen done! a file save dialo" is resented. =nter a na$e for the i$a"e collection. ;ll of the selected i$a"e files are saved as a list of file na$es under the chosen na$e for the collection.

O*en an I!age Collection ; reviously saved collection of i$a"es can be recalled and beco$es the current i$a"e set. ; file o en dialo" is resented. Select one of the reviously saved i$a"e collections. ; "allery window is o ened! showin" the collection of i$a"es. 1ou can a"e bac( and forth a$on" the i$a"es! start a slide show! select so$e or all for ex ort! etc.

+elete an I!age Collection Select one of the listed i$a"e collections for deletion.

(dit an I!age Collection

Select one of the listed collections to edit. ; "allery window is resented containin" all the i$a"es in the collection alon" with the dialo" shown above. First! ress one of the four buttons to set the o eration that follows. Subse)uent actions are deter$ined by this $ode. 40dd5) ; file selection dialo" is started. Select one or $ore i$a"e files to add to the collection. ,hey will be added by a subse)uent #nsert o eration. ,he selected files $ust be in the sa$e directory! so if you want to add files fro$ $ulti le directories! one ;dd and #nsert o eration er directory will be needed. /hen done selectin" i$a"es! close the dialo". ,he i$a"e files are now saved internally. Use the #nsert button to add these i$a"es to the collection. 4+elete5) ;fter ressin" the @elete button! clic( on any i$a"es to delete. ,hey disa ear i$$ediately and there is no "oin" bac( (exce t to add the$ a"ain). 4/e!ove5) ;fter ressin" the 5e$ove button! clic( on any i$a"es to re$ove the$ fro$ the "allery window and save the$ internally. Use the #nsert button to add these i$a"es to the collection. 4Insert5) ;fter usin" ;dd or 5e$ove! there are i$a"e files saved internally. ;fter ressin" the #nsert button! these saved i$a"es will be inserted in the "allery window after the next i$a"e that is clic(ed. Su!!ary ,o add new i$a"es& ress 2;dd3! select files usin" the dialo"! ress 2#nsert3! clic( on i$a"e to insert after. ,o delete i$a"es& ress 2@elete3! clic( on i$a"es to delete. ,o $ove i$a"es& ress 25e$ove3! clic( on i$a"es to $ove! ress 2#nsert3! clic( on i$a"e to insert after.

,rint I!age File ,he rint $enu brin"s u a standard Pa"e Setu dialo" where you can select a rinter! a a er si0e (letter! ;M ...)! and orientation ( ortrait or landsca e). Select your rinter (do not use a default settin"). ,he a er si0e shown will be the one last set in the Printer Pro erties dialo" (a se arate ad$in function in the Syste$ $enu). I" the *a*er size is &rong9 "ix it using the ,rinter ,ro*erties dialog. 8han"in" the a er in the Pa"e Setu dialo" $ay be i"nored or lead to a . a er $is$atch. failure. ;fter usin" the 2a ly3 button! another dialo" starts for enterin" the rint $ar"ins. Use these to shrin( the i$a"e si0e on the a er or shift the i$a"e osition. /hen done! a Print dialo" starts for the actual rintin". Use the Print Preview button to chec( that the i$a"e has the ri"ht orientation and osition and cancel the rint if not.

#ools -enu
Chec' -onitor =i"ht color bands are written across the screen with bri"htness fro$ 0ero (blac() to <IIO. 1ou can use this to ad>ust the bri"htness of your $onitor. ,he left end of each stri e should be as blac( as ossible! but you should start to see so$e color within a few $$ fro$ the left ed"e. #f the co$ letely blac( ortion is wider than this! ad>ust the $onitor. ,here are DJJ bri"htness ste s fro$ blac( to <IIO (P bits er color). ,he ste s are too s$all to distin"uish with the eye. ,his evaluation should be done in a dar(ened roo$ (with little external li"ht fallin" on the $onitor).

-onitor Ga!!a Ga$$a deter$ines how 5G7 bri"htness values (I:DJJ) are converted into bri"htness as erceived by the eye. ,he standard value is D.D and this should nor$ally be used for i$a"e editin". ;n ad>ust$ent chart is rovided! courtesy of Nor$an -oren. ;d>ust the dialo" slider until the shaded bands disa ear at scale location D.D. ,he chart only wor(s at <IIO si0e! so do not 0oo$ the chart.

.rightness Gra*h ,his function o ens a s$all window that shows a bri"htness distribution "ra h of the current i$a"e in the $ain window. ,his "ra h u dates i$$ediately for new i$a"es or as edit functions chan"e the i$a"e.

Slide Sho&

,he i$a"es in the current directory! fro$ a na$ed collection! or fro$ a revious search function are shown one by one. ,he i$a"e window is enlar"ed to the whole screen! and the $enu and toolbar are re$oved. ; dialo" o s u to as( for so$e initial in uts. =nter a ti$e duration to show each i$a"e! select the o tion to show only the latest i$a"e versions! and select the transition $ode(s) to use when the i$a"e chan"es. ,ransition $odes include arrow:(eys ($anual transition)! instant re lace$ent! fade:out ' fade:in! and several (inetic $ethods of i$a"e re lace$ent (e.". the new i$a"e ex ands fro$ the center to re lace the old i$a"e). #f .arrow:(eys. is selected! then the ti$e duration is irrelevant and the (eyboard left and ri"ht arrow (eys are used to $ove to the next or revious i$a"e. ,he arrow (eys can still be used even if one of the other $odes is selected. Use the esca e (ey to "et out of slide show $ode. ,he s acebar can be used to ause and resu$e the ti$er between slides. #f an i$a"e search is done before a slide show! these i$a"es are shown. 7efore startin" the slide show! you can use the function #nfo 6 =dit 8o$$ents or =dit 8a tion to show relevant text for each i$a"e in a s$all window which you can ush to the side. ,he text is u dated for each i$a"e viewed in the slide show. ,he other #nfo $enu dis lays will also u date with each i$a"e. ,he slide show dialo" also has an in ut for a $usic file or laylist. #f not blan(! the $usic will be started with the slide show. #t is also ossible to start a slide show with or without $usic fro$ the co$$and line& Q fotoxx :slideshow '...'i$a"efile<.> " :$usic '...'$usicfile.o"" ,he slide show be"ins with the "iven i$a"e file and roceeds to followin" files in the sa$e directory. ,he :$usic ara$eter is o tional. #f resent! the followin" file is a $usic file (.$ 3 .o"" ...) or a laylist. xd":o en is used to o en the file with the referred $usic layer.

Sho& /G.

/hen a oint on the i$a"e is clic(ed! the 5G7 values are shown in a dialo" window. ,he values have the for$at xxx.dd! where xxx is the u er P bits of the color value and .dd is the lower P bits. ,he ran"e is I.II to DJJ.AA. ,he lower P bits are 0ero unless the i$a"e is bein" edited or the i$a"e is a <G:bit tiff file. =B (ex osure value) and *@ (o tical density) units are alternative units! useful for recise color ad>ust$ent. =B is 0ero for $id:bri"htness (<DP). *@ (o tical density or reflectivity) is D.I : Lo"(<II R 5G7 ' DJG). ,he out uts are u dated i$$ediately if the i$a"e is bein" edited. ,he last five oints clic(ed are shown. ,he oints are labeled on the i$a"e corres ondin" to the letters ;:= in the dialo" window.
5G7 =B *@ I nan nan < :H D :G M :J P :M <.J< <G :3 <.DI 3D :D I.AI GM :< I.GI <DP I I.3I DJG < I.I

D.M< D.<< <.P<

Grid Lines ,his function adds or re$oves hori0ontal and vertical lines across the i$a"e. ,he lines are useful when an i$a"e $ust be rotated for hori0on ali"n$ent! or when an i$a"e is unbent or war ed to strai"hten walls or other ob>ects in the i$a"e. ,he settin"s for x: and y:s acin" control the s acin" ( ixels) between the lines. #f the controls for x: and y:count are N*, 0ero! then the x: and y: s acin" values are i"nored and the nu$ber of lines will be set to these counts. =xa$ le& set x: and y:count to D lines each in order to divide the i$a"e into thirds hori0ontally and vertically. ,he x: and y:"rid chec(boxes can be used to enable and disable the veritcal and hori0ontal lines se arately. ,he (eyboard (ey G can be used to to""le the "rid lines on and off& the x: and y:"rid chec(boxes are reversed. #f an i$a"e is rinted with "rid lines enabled! the "rid lines are also rinted.

Lens ,ara!eters ,his is a dialo" for settin" and savin" the two lens ara$eters! lensK$$ and lensKbow! which $ust be set for each ca$era'lens used for anora$as. ,hese ara$eters "overn how Fotoxx .bends. the anora$a in ut i$a"es so that they can fit to"ether accurately. =nter a na$e for the lens'ca$era and the two ara$eters. U to four lens'ca$eras $ay be entered. LensK$$ is rou"hly the focal len"th of the lens (3J$$ e)uivalent)! and lensKbow is a factor to co$ ensate for ed"e:curvin" distortion (barrel and incushion distortion). Eow to set these ara$eters is described here! but you should read the section on $a(in" anora$as first! in order to better understand the followin" instructions. Setting Lens ,ara!eters 0uto!atically ,he 2search3 button in the anora$a re:ali"n$ent dialo" initiates an auto$ated search for o ti$u$ lens ara$eters. Use a suitable i$a"e air& the sub>ect is JI9 $eters away! the i$a"es have a low hori0on difference and little relative rotation! and there is lenty of hi"h:contrast detail in the overla area. #n ut your no$inal lens focal len"th for lensK$$. Use 0ero for lensKbow. ;fter doin" a decent re:ali"n! ress the 2search3 button and wait a while for the results. @o this a second ti$e and observe the chan"es. #f the values re$ain consistent! you can use the$ for your anora$as. ,he search function ste s throu"h a ran"e of values for lensK$$! lensKbow! and the i$a"e ali"n$ent offsets for x! y! and theta. #t searches for the lens values that "ive the best ali"n$ent results for the "iven i$a"es. ,he rocess needs a $inute or $ore! but you only need to do this once to characteri0e a "iven ca$era lens. 7e sure to save the results usin" the lens ara$eters $enu. Setting Lens ,ara!eters -anually +a(e a anora$a i$a"e of a bric( wall (or any wall with lots of detail) with about MIO i$a"e overla . ,he wall should be J9 $eters away. /ithin the anora$a re:ali"n rocess! ad>ust lensK$$ and lensKbow until the overla in" bric(s coincide. /hen $a(in" the two i$a"es! be sure to turn the ca$era on a vertical axis throu"h the lens! $ini$i0in" lateral $ove$ent and rotation in other axes : otherwise the i$a"es $ay fit oorly and your lens ara$eters $ay not be o ti$al. ,he result should rou"hly corres ond to the no$inal focal len"th of your lens (3J$$ e)uivalent). #t $ay be off so$ewhat ($y DH$$ lens wor(s best with a lensK$$ settin" of DA: 3I$$). # s eculate that this is because wide:field ca$era lenses are not ideal lenses ( inhole e)uivalent). +ost anora$as will still wor( fine even if the lensK$$ settin" is off by <IO.

Change Language ,his function allows you to chan"e the GU# to one of the available lan"ua"es. #f your lan"ua"e is not available or has $issin" translations! consider $a(in" a translation! which is not difficult ($ore).

(dit #ranslations

,his function is used to revise the GU# translations interactively! as Fotoxx is bein" used. ,raditionally! translation files (. o files) are edited se arately. ,hese are then installed and Fotoxx is exercised to see how the translations loo(. ,he advanta"e with this new $ethod is that the a lication context is ex erienced as the translation is $ade! which should result in easier and better translations. ;lso! the new translations are i$$ediately used by Fotoxx. For details about how to do translations (includin" this interactive $ethod)! see the $enu Eel 6 ,ranslate.

0dd -enu and Launcher ,his function uts a Fotoxx icon ' launcher on the des(to and adds Fotoxx to the des(to $enu syste$ under the cate"ory .Gra hics.. 1our syste$ $ust be LS7 co$ liant (Linux Standards 7ase). ,he effectiveness of this has been s oradic. 1ou $ay need to lo" off and bac( on to see the new $enu entry. ; dialo" allows you to custo$i0e the startu o tions.

Convert /0W Files ,his function converts one or $ore 5;/ i$a"e files to <G:bit tiff for$at! usin" the ro"ra$ ufraw: batch. ; file chooser dialo" is o ened. 8hoose one or $ore 5;/ i$a"e files (hold down the 8,5L (ey to select $ulti le files). ,he i$a"e files are converted one at a ti$e and dis layed in the $ain window. @e endin" on the nu$ber of files! this can ta(e a lon" ti$e ($y 3.3 GE0 rocessor does about DM i$a"e files er $inute usin" a $ix of raw file ty es). ,he ufraw ro"ra$ uses $ulti le threads! so the Fotoxx function does not in this case.

.urn I!ages to C+:+6+ ,his function enables you to choose i$a"e files and burn the$ into a 8@ or @B@. /hen the function starts! an i$a"e "allery window is dis layed fro$ which you can select the i$a"e files to burn (lin'). /hen done! the list of i$a"e files is sent to 7rasero to burn a 8@ or @B@.

(8!ail I!ages ,his function enables you to choose u to about MI i$a"e files and send the$ to your referred e: $ail ro"ra$. #n the dialo"! ress the 2select files3 button to dis lay an i$a"e "allery window fro$ which you can select the i$a"e files (lin'). ;fter selectin" the i$a"es! set the desired $axi$u$ width and hei"ht in the dialo". ,he 2 roceed3 button will do the i$a"e reductions and send the$ to the e:$ail ro"ra$. ,he reduced i$a"es are ut into a te$ orary directory ('t$ 'Cuser6'fotoxx') and do not affect the ori"inal i$a"es. ,his function uses xd":e$ail (Linux Standards 7ase) which $ust be installed and $ust wor( correctly for your Linux flavor (as of 4an. DI<< it wor(s for Ubuntu <I.IM and fails for <I.<I). ,he e:$ail ro"ra$ is started with the selected i$a"e files as attach$ents. 1ou $ust then add the sub>ect! text and reci ients! and finally send the e:$ail.

Synchronize Files 1ou need to do this after first installin" Fotoxx! if you add new i$a"e files to your collection! or if you $ove or rena$e i$a"e files or their directories. Nothin" is lost when i$a"e files are $oved! but the i$a"e "allery (thu$bnail) windows will be slow if a lar"e nu$ber of files were $oved! and the Search #$a"es function will not find new or $oved files. ,he Synchroni0e Files function will create $issin" thu$bnails! re lace outdated ones! and refresh the search index file usin" current data fro$ your i$a"e files. #f you have used directory and'or file na$es to classify your i$a"es! you can $a(e i$$ediate use of these in the Search #$a"es function. #f you have saved ca tions! ta"s! titles! or ratin"s in your i$a"es (usin" Photosho ! Fotoxx! or other tools)! these will also be searchable. ; dialo" will as( for the to $ost directory of your i$a"e files (e.". 'ho$e'Cuser6'Pictures). ,hat directory and any subdirectories containin" i$a"es will be rocessed. #t does not $atter if other files are $ixed. ,here are two $odes to select fro$& full and incre$ental. Full $ode erases and re: creates all data and can ta(e considerable ti$e ($y 3.3 GE0 P8 does JHI i$a"es er $inute). #ncre$ental $ode will s(i over files that already have current thu$bnails and search data. ,his is $uch faster if relatively few i$a"e files need u datin" (seconds instead of $inutes). ,he disadvanta"e ($inor) is that leftover thu$bnails are not detected and deleted. ;fter the i$a"es have been indexed! searchin" the$ is al$ost instantaneous. #$a"es created or $oved within Fotoxx are ta(en care of auto$atically. Synchroni0e Files is only needed when new i$a"e files are created fro$ outside Fotoxx (e.". a new batch of files fro$ a ca$era)! or if files are $oved or rena$ed fro$ outside Fotoxx.

#ool%ar Style ,his is a dialo" to set the toolbar to show icons only! text only! or both icons and text. Select one of the three radio buttons.

-e!ory Usage ,his is a dia"nostic tool to detect $e$ory lea(s. ; table is du$ ed to the lo" file (stdout) which shows total $e$ory usa"e and usa"e by cate"ory. #f any of these nu$bers increase consistently with Fotoxx usa"e! then there could be a $e$ory lea( bu".

In"o -enu
Note& the ro"ra$ exi"tool $ust be installed for the followin" functions to wor(. Fotoxx uses this ro"ra$ to read and write text infor$ation stored within an i$a"e file ($etadata& =F#F! #P,8! etc.). #f exiftool is not installed! then $odifyin" an i$a"e with Fotoxx will lose all $etadata. For recent Ubuntu! the ac(a"e na$e is& libi$a"e:exiftool: erl. *ther distros $ay be different.

(dit Ca*tion:Co!!ents ,his is a s ecial function for editin" i$a"e text saved in #P,8 .8a tions. and =F#F .User 8o$$ents.. =nter any text you want to associate with the current i$a"e. +ulti le text lines of any len"th can be entered! u to an overall li$it of <III characters. Press the 2; ly3 button to save the text in the #P,8 and =F#F data for the current i$a"e. ,he dialo" can be left o en while navi"atin" to different i$a"es! and the current text for each i$a"e is shown! if any. =nter or $odify the text and ress 2; ly3 to $a(e the chan"e er$anent. #f you need to enter (nearly) the sa$e text for $ulti le i$a"es! you can use cut and aste. 1ou can leave this window o en in a corner of the $onitor to show the co$$ents as new i$a"es are viewed (also in Slide Show $ode). 1ou can search for i$a"es based on ca tions and co$$ents (see to ic Search #$a"es).

#ags Overvie& #$a"e files can have classification ta"s (cate"ories! (eywords) assi"ned to the$. ,hese can be used to search a lar"e i$a"e collection for those i$a"es havin" desired ta"s. ,y ical ta"s& the $ain sub>ect of a hoto! the associated event! the location! the erson(s)! etc. ,a"s reside inside the i$a"e $etadata (#P,8&(eywords). ,a"s are nor$ally one word! but a short hrase with i$bedded blan(s or other deli$iters can be used. 8o$$as and se$icolons are reco"ni0ed internally as deli$iters (se arators) between ta"s! and therefore cannot be used within a ta". ; co$ ound ta" li(e .;ri0ona scenery. is allowed! but you should use two ta"s instead for $ore flexibility& you can search for i$a"es havin" either ta" or both ta"s. 1ou can use a directory hierarchy to $a(e a hysical or"ani0ation of your i$a"es! e.". directory na$es corres ondin" to year or location or other sche$e. 1ou can use file na$es for the $ain sub>ect of the i$a"e. Such hysical or"ani0ations are useful but o tional& you can also ut all your i$a"es in one "iant directory and (ee the nu$eric file na$es that co$e out of the ca$era. 5e"ardless of the hysical or"ani0ation! ta"s can be used to create other or"ani0ations! e.". to label all the i$a"es of one erson over all years! events! locations! etc. ;ll i$a"es havin" a desired ta" or ta"s can be found )uic(ly and dis layed in an i$a"e "allery window (thu$bnails)! where you can further review the i$a"es and choose those for viewin"! editin"! or chan"in" their ta"s. #f you have used directory and file na$es in a $eanin"ful way! you can (ee usin" these! and you can also search for i$a"es usin" these na$es as well as ta"s. ,here is no need to du licate infor$ation already available. See .Search #$a"es. below.

#$a"es $ay have a date (date of hoto) which is ulled fro$ the i$a"e =F#F data! if resent! or $anually set. #$a"es $ay have a .star ratin". for the i$ ortance or )uality of an i$a"e. @ates and star ratin"s can also be used as search criteria. Li!itations and ,ractical #i*s ,he followin" are the default li$its for ta"s. ,hese are co$ ile ti$e constants which can be easily increased if needed! althou"h # believe they are lar"e enou"h to exceed ractical li$its&
o o o o o o $ax. ta" len"th& JI characters er ta" $ax. ta"s for one i$a"e file& <III characters $ax. ta"s in a ta" cate"ory& JIIII characters $ax. ta"s overall& JIIII characters $ax. ta"s in a search& DII characters $ax. ta"s for 7atch ;dd ,a"s& DII characters

,he ractical li$it for the overall nu$ber of ta"s is in the ran"e DII:JII. =xceedin" this ran"e is ossible but will lead to so$e ractical roble$s& ,he window showin" available ta"s will be lar"e and ta"s will beco$e harder to find (althou"h sorted by cate"ory and within cate"ory)! and the oint and clic( $ethod of addin" ta"s will beco$e $ore cu$berso$e. #f ta"s are broadly defined and fewer in nu$ber! the search results will be lar"er! but usin" the search results (i$a"e "allery window) to find a s$aller set of i$a"es is also )uite fast. Physical file or"ani0ation is also reserved in the "allery window (i$a"e files located to"ether in their directories will also a ear to"ether in the "allery window). ;ll in all! $y reco$$endation for the casual hoto"ra her is to use fewer and broader ta"s.

(dit #ags

,o assi"n ta"s to the current i$a"e! select the $enu #nfo 6 =dit ,a"s. =xistin" ta"s are shown in .current ta"s.. ;vailable ta"s are shown in the .defined ta"s. window below. *ne of these ta"s can be added to the i$a"e by ointin" and clic(in" with the $ouse. ; ta" can be deleted by ointin" and clic(in" within .current ta"s.. ,a"s recently added are shown in .recently added.. ,his is a convenience to $a(e addin" ta"s to a new batch of i$a"es easier! assu$in" that $any of the sa$e ta"s will be used re eatedly. Point and clic( the sa$e way. ,he date of the i$a"e! if available! is shown as .i$a"e date.. ,his $ay be entered if $issin"! or chan"ed. 1ou can enter a full date in the for$at yyyy$$dd or a shorter for$at yyyy or yyyy$$. ; $issin" $onth'day is lo"ically e)uivalent to I<'I< when used as a low li$it for searchin"! or <D'3< when used as a hi"h li$it. ,he 2use:last3 button fills:in the date fro$ the last date entered or shown. ,his is to allow easy datin" of a series of i$a"es. 1ou $ay enter an o tional .stars. ratin" for the i$a"e. ,he dialo" re$ains o en if you navi"ate to a new i$a"e! and the current ta"s are filled:in fro$ that i$a"e. ,he 2; ly3 button writes the ta" infor$ation to the i$a"e file and to the search index file used for searchin" i$a"es.

-anage #ags

,o create new ta"s! use the $enu #nfo 6 +ana"e ,a"s. 1ou can also assi"n cate"ories to ta"s to hel or"ani0e the$ and locate the$ $ore )uic(ly when addin" ta"s to i$a"es. ,hey are o tional and they lay no role in ta" assi"n$ent or searchin"& only the ta" is stored in an i$a"e! not its cate"ory. ,y ical cate"ories are eo le! laces! thin"s! events! scenery! buildin"s! art! etc. ,o add a new ta" with a new cate"ory! enter the caterory and ta" and clic( 2create3. ,he cate"ory can be left blan( and the ta" will be assi"ned to .nocat".. ,o assi"n a ta" to a different cate"ory! clic( a cate"ory (bold text) or enter a new one! clic( the ta"! and ress 2create3. ,he ta" will $ove fro$ the old to the new cate"ory. ,o delete a ta"! clic( the ta" and ress 2delete3. ,he window of defined ta"s is u dated to reflect chan"es. #f the =dit ,a"s dialo" is o en! its window of defined ta"s will also be u dated. 1ou can (ee both the =dit ,a"s and +ana"e ,a"s dialo"s o en if you need to create or chan"e ta"s for i$$ediate a lication to i$a"es. ,a"s used in i$a"es but not assi"ned to a cate"ory will a ear under .nocat".. 3ote) a newly created ta" is a ended to the end of the ta" list for its cate"ory. ,he next ti$e fotoxx is started! all cate"ories and their ta" lists are sorted al habetically! exce t that .nocat". is always last. ; ta" will also disa ear fro$ the list if it is no lon"er assi"ned to any i$a"e.

.atch 0dd #ags /hen addin" ta"s to a lar"e nu$ber of i$a"es havin" $any of the sa$e ta"s (i.e. the sa$e event or sub>ect)! use this function to s eed u the rocess. #n the dialo"! use the 2select files3 button to o en a "allery window with thu$bnail i$a"es fro$ which you can select the i$a"e files ( lin'). ;fter selectin" files! s ecify ta"s to add to the i$a"es by clic(in" ta"s in the .defined ta"s. list. #f you need a new ta"! in ut the ta" and ress 2create ta"3 to add it to the list. /hen done s ecifyin" i$a"e files and ta"s! ress 2 roceed3 to add the ta"s to the i$a"e files.

.atch +elete:/e*lace #ag ,his function is used to delete a sin"le ta" fro$ $any i$a"es at once! or re lace a ta" with another one. #n the dialo"! in ut a ta" to delete and an o tional re lace$ent ta". Use the 2select files3 button to o en a "allery window with thu$bnail i$a"es fro$ which you can select the i$a"e files (lin'). ;lternatively! use the .search all files. chec(box to s ecify that the ta" will be re$oved're laced for all i$a"e files in the i$a"e database (all i$a"e files havin" the ta"! as found with the Search #$a"es function).

Search I!ages

(xa!*le) select i$a"es in DIIJ or later! with M stars or $ore! havin" ta"s buildin"s or $onu$ents! and containin" dresden in the directory or file na$e. ; search index file is used for searchin"! which $a(es it very fast (thousands of i$a"es er second are searched). ,he index is "enerated fro$ the ta"s! co$$ents! ca tions! dates and star ratin"s saved inside the i$a"e file itself (=F#F and #P,8 $etadata). ,hus you can rearran"e your i$a"e directories and i$a"e files without losin" anythin" : you $ust only re"enerate the search index file! which is si$ le and fast. See ,ools 6 Synchroni0e Files. Use the Search #$a"es function to find i$a"es havin" desired ta"s! dates! stars! co$$ents! ca tions! or file na$es. ;vailable ta"s are shown and can be chosen with oint and clic(. Use the radio buttons .all. or .any. to indicate if all ta"s or any ta" $ust be resent for an i$a"e to be selected. Press the 2search3 button to erfor$ the search. +atchin" i$a"es are dis layed in a a"eable i$a"e "allery window (thu$bnails). 8hoose i$a"es to view or edit by clic(in" the thu$bnails. ,he set of $atchin" i$a"es are used for the buttons 2 rev3 and 2next3. #f an i$a"e file is selected with the File 6 * en function or toolbar button 2* en3! then the current i$a"e set ("allery window list) is re laced by the directory of the newly o ened i$a"e file. ; date ran"e $ay be o tionally entered! to further restrict the search to i$a"es within the date ran"e. ,he for$at is yyyy$$dd. #$a"es are selected which have a date on or after the first date! if

resent! and on or before the second date! if resent. +issin" $onth'day default to I<'I< for the low date li$it and to <D'3< for the hi"ht date li$it. ; air of star ratin"s $ay be o tionally entered to restrict the results to i$a"es havin" a star ratin" within the "iven ran"e. ; $issin" low value i$ lies 0ero! and a $issin" hi"h value $eans unli$ited. #$a"e directory and file na$es $ay also be searched. #n the in ut field .file na$es.! enter any nu$ber of na$es used for your i$a"e directories and file na$es! se arated by blan(s. /ildcards (;) are i$ lied before and after every na$e! and you can also ut wildcards inside the na$es. ,hus an in ut of 2 e"y t cairo 3 would $atch all i$a"e directory'file na$es a"ainst ;e"y t; and ;cairo;! and any directory'file containin" either of these strin"s would $atch. #f you were to enter 2 e"y t;cairo 3 then a $atchin" directory'file would have to contain both strin"s in the sa$e order. ,he $atchin" rule is si$ le& ; $atches any se)uence of characters anywhere in the full 'directory'file na$e. Na$e $atchin" is not sensitive to case. #f $atch na$es include blan(s! use )uote $ar(s around the search strin"! otherwise the blan( will result in two se arate search strin"s! e.". a search for 2 N18 arade 3 would be inter reted as a search for both ;N18; and ; arade;! so use 2 .N18 arade. 3 to (ee the text to"ether. #$a"e co$$ents and ca tions $ay also be searched (see =dit 8o$$ents! =dit 8a tions). =nter the words to search for in the dialo" .search text. field! se arated by blan(s. ,hese will be $atched to every word in the co$$ents and ca tions of all i$a"es! and $atchin" i$a"es are selected. /ildcards can also be used here. ,he radio buttons .all. and .any. a ly to all $atchin" o tions& ta"s! text! and file na$es. 1ou can select i$a"es havin" ;LL the entered strin"s! or ;N1 of the entered strin"s. =xa$ le& if the search file field contains 2e"y t cairo3 and .any. is selected! then i$a"e files with either of these na$es within the directory or file na$e would be selected. 1ou can use co$$ents! ca tions and directory'file na$es as an alternative to usin" ta"s. =ffective use of ta"s can re)uire hi"h or"ani0ation and attention to detail! and therefore lots of ti$e. ;lso revisin" your ta" or"ani0ation can be very hard if hundreds of i$a"es are affected. User co$$ents and file na$es are $uch easier! if less exactin". Si$ ly na$e your i$a"e files with the (ey to ic or content! and add co$$ents or ca tions with ade)uate descri tive words. 1ou do not have to have an elaborate ta" syste$! and revisions are easier. ,he ta"s syste$ has the advanta"e that a co$ lete list of available ta"s is auto$atically $aintained and resented when you search i$a"es! and addin" ta"s to new i$a"es is a oint and clic( o eration. #f you have added! deleted! or $oved i$a"e files outside of Fotoxx! be sure to run ,ools 6 Synchroni0e Files to "et the search index file synchroni0ed with the actual i$a"e files. ,his is )uite fast if incre$ental $ode is chosen and C <III i$a"es are involved.

6ie& In"o <short= 6ie& In"o <long= ,he Biew #nfo functions will dis lay $etadata for the current i$a"e file! if available. =F#F $etadata contains the date and ti$e of a hoto! shutter s eed! focal len"th! ixel di$ensions! etc. @i"ital ca$eras store this data inside the i$a"e. #P,8 $etadata contains ta"s (fro$ Fotoxx! Photosho ...) and ca tions (often for ublished i$a"es). #f an i$a"e is edited and then saved! the $etadata is u dated and stored with the new i$a"e. ,he Biew #nfo short re ort out uts the $ost co$$only needed data! includin" the hoto date and ti$e! ex osure data! focal len"th (real and 3J$$ e)uivalent)! user:assi"ned ta"s and star ratin"! co$$ents! ca tion! and a history of Fotoxx edit functions that have been a lied to the i$a"e. ,he lon" re ort re orts all the data available. Fotoxx uses the followin" =F#F ' #P,8 data ite$s&
2ey 3a!e @ate',i$e *ri"inal -eywords 5atin" User 8o$$ents 8a tion:;bstract =dit Status any (ey Fotoxx Usage =dit ,a"s function : i$a"e date =dit ,a"s function : i$a"e ta"s =dit ,a"s function : i$a"e stars =dit 8o$$ents function =dit 8a tion function Eistory of Fotoxx edits a =dit #nfo! @elete #nfo lied to the i$a"e

(dit In"o ; s ecific $etadata #@ ((ey) can be added (if le"iti$ate) or revised. =nter the (ey na$e and ress 2fetch3 to retrieve existin" data! if any. =nter the new data and ress 2save3 to save the new or revised data. 1ou $ay enter the (ey na$e in lower case and without blan(s! e.". the =F#F (ey .User 8o$$ent. $ay be $ore easily entered as .userco$$ent.. ,he dialo" is live& the current (ey na$e will be fetched auto$atically for each new i$a"e file o ened! and it can then be revised and saved if wanted.

+elete In"o ,his function allows deletion of a s ecified $etadata (ey! or all $etadata at once. #n ut a (ey na$e in lower case and without blan(s! e.". the =F#F (ey .User 8o$$ent. is entered as .userco$$ent..

Select -enu
Overvie& =dit functions nor$ally a ly to the entire i$a"e! but it is ossible to edit art of an i$a"e and leave the rest unchan"ed. #f an i$a"e area has been selected! then the 5etouch and ;rt edit functions will wor( only within this area. *ther functions i"nore a selected area. ;n area $ay be selected before startin" an edit function! or while an edit function is active. ,he selected area is i$$ediately active! rior edits are retained! and future edits will a ly only within the area. #f another edit function is started! the selected area re$ains active! so it is ossible to carry out a series of edits on one area.

Select 0rea

#n the select area dialo"! if an area is already resent! its outline will be shown. 1ou can continue to edit this area or use 2Unselect3 to discard it and start a new area. Select one of the six $ethods (ex lained below) and roceed to define the area. Unchec( .$y $ouse. to sus end editin" and free the $ouse for 0oo$in" or scrollin" to another osition in the window. 5e:chec( to resu$e editin". ,he 2Eide3 button re$oves the area outline (for better visibility of i$a"e edits and ed"e blendin"). Use the 2Show3 button to show the outline. ,he select area dialo" can be exited and re: started later to $odify a selected area or start a new one. ,here are six $ethods to enclose one or $ore s aces that will belon" to the final area&
5ectan"le =lli se Freehand @raw Follow =d"e Select by +ouse Select by 8olor dra" the $ouse to enclose a rectan"ular area dra" the $ouse to enclose an elli tical area dra" and clic( the $ouse to draw lines that outline an enclosed s ace clic( alon" the ed"e of an ob>ect in the i$a"e to draw lines that follow the ed"e! or dra" the $ouse to draw freehand select or de:select a circular area around the dra""ed $ouse ointer select a s$all area of ixels around the $ouse and a""re"ate ad>acent areas with ixels $atchin" in color and bri"htness

,he six $ethods $ay be used in any se)uence to define s aces that are either >oined or detached. ,he followin" ara"ra hs ex lain the details of each $ethod. /ectangle) @ra" the $ouse fro$ one corner to the o osite corner of the desired rectan"ular area to select. ; rectan"le is drawn to enclose the area. 5i"ht:clic( to delete and start over. 5e eat the rocess to select $ore rectan"ular areas. (lli*se) ,his wor(s the sa$e as rectan"le selection! exce t that the area enclosed is an elli se that fits within the rectan"le. Freehand dra&) @ra" the $ouse (left button down) to draw a freehand (curvey) line! or left:clic( to connect a strai"ht line fro$ the last oint drawn to the oint clic(ed. 8ontinue around the tar"et area until it is surrounded with connected curves and lines. 5i"ht clic( to re$ove revious lines ($ista(es). ; ri"ht clic( will re$ove the revious clic(ed or dra""ed line! u to JI ixels. 5i"ht clic( re eatedly to re$ove $ore. ; new clic(ed line will always connect to the end of the revious line. ; new dra""ed line will connect to the revious line if it is started close to the end of that line. #f it is started elsewhere! a disconnected line will be drawn. 1ou can start a new dra" fro$ far away and draw bac( to $eet the revious line. #f a clic(ed line connects to an undesired oint (i.e. you don%t want to connect to the last line drawn)! ri"ht clic( to erase it and then use dra" to start a new se)uence of lines. ; ri"ht:button dra" can be used to erase s$all se"$ents& ri"ht:dra" closely alon" a line to erase it! then left:dra" to re:draw the line. ;t the end! an area $ust be fully enclosed! with no "a s. Lines that overla a little at the ends are *-. Ga s can be difficult to find and correct! so wor( at <IIO i$a"e si0e or "reater and be careful. ; series of lines auto$atically connected with left clic(s will not leave "a s! but deviation fro$ this se)uence is li(ely to create "a s. ,o reduce the ossibility of "a s! use deliberate overla s when $anually connectin" lines. Follo& edge) Ei"h:contrast ixels (li(ely ob>ect ed"es) between the last oint drawn and a newly clic(ed osition are found and connected. ,his is effective for clear ed"es that are not too irre"ular. Fu00y and ra""ed ed"es $ay not wor( well and freehand draw will be needed if hi"h recision is necessary. ,he rules for connectin" lines are the sa$e as ex lained above. @ra""in" the $ouse instead of clic(in" wor(s li(e freehand draw! so you can switch bac( and forth. Select %y !ouse) =nter a value in the radius control. ; corres ondin" circle will a ear around the $ouse ointer. ; left $ouse clic( or dra" will select all ixels within the circle! and a ri"ht $ouse clic( or dra" will un:select all ixels within the circle (i.e. those that were reviously selected). Use a lar"e radius to ra idly enclose lar"e s aces! and a s$all one to carefully follow alon" the ed"e of a sub>ect in the i$a"e. For areas selected with one of the two .draw. $ethods! un:selectin" with this $ethod will not wor( unless the area has been finished beforehand (Finish button) : only then does the $ouse (now what ixels are already selected. Si$ ly finish that area if you want to ex and or reduce it usin" this $ethod.

Select %y color) ,he radius control will define a circle around the $ouse ointer. 8lic( the left $ouse button so$ewhere on the i$a"e to define a "rou of ixels to $atch. ,he "rou is all ixels inside the circle! and the de"ree of $atch is defined by the $atch control& <II $eans a erfect $atch is re)uired. ;d>acent areas with ixels $atchin" any of the selected ixels will be selected and shown. ; bi""er radius or a lesser $atch value will select $ore ixels. #f the $ouse is dra""ed or clic(ed within the selected area! the selection will be ex anded to $atch new ixels enclosed by the $ouse. @ra" the $ouse over new areas you want to include! or over .islands. of non:$atchin" ixels you want to include. /atch the selected area ex and accordin"ly. #f you "o too far! ri"ht clic( to re$ove the last selection. 5e eat if needed to re$ove $ore revious selections. 5educe the radius or increase the $atch level to "ain finer control : the selection will ex and $ore slowly and stay closer to the $ouse osition. ,he radius of selection is li$ited to 3 ti$es the $ouse radius. ,his $eans that a s$all radius can be used to follow alon" an ed"e and select ixels u to the ed"e with "ood recision. 8han"e to a lar"er radius to select lar"er areas after the fine wor( is co$ lete. #f the .firewall. is enabled! then already:selected ixels will act as a barrier to sto the search for new ixels. ,his is so$eti$es useful! e.". an existin" selection boundary should re$ain fixed and you want to extend the selection in the interior. 5i"ht dra" acts as an un:select& selected ixels within the $ouse radius are un:selected. 1ou $ay need so$e ractice to "et a feelin" for this and be able to wor( efficiently. !y !ouse) #f chec(ed! the $ouse belon"s to the dialo" and is used to select areas on the i$a"e. #f not chec(ed! the $ouse can be used to 0oo$ or scroll the i$a"e to a new osition. #f you are wor(in" with a lar"e area that does not fit in the window! you can alternate between selectin" the area and $ovin" the i$a"e to a new osition. .lend Width) =dits $ade within an area can be blended with the surroundin" i$a"e over a distance called .blend width.. ;t the ed"e of the selected area! the i$a"e is the ori"inal (unedited) i$a"e. ;t a distance of .blend width. fro$ any ed"e inside the area! the i$a"e is the edited i$a"e. For distances in:between! the ixels are a $ix of ori"inal and edited ixels with a "radual transition. Use the 7lend /idth control to set the blend width for the current or subse)uent edit functions. Nero blend width "ives a hard ed"e to the area edit. #ncreasin" blend width $a(es the ed"es of the edit $ore "radual and harder to distin"uish fro$ the ori"inal i$a"e. 8han"in" the value for the first ti$e after editin" an area will cause the ed"e distance to be calculated for each ixel in the area. ,his is nor$ally fast (a few seconds)! but it $ay ta(e $inutes if the area is lar"e and has a co$ lex "eo$etry (a very lon" ed"e). /henever an area is re:edited or inverted! the ed"e calculation is discarded and $ust be re eated if blendin" is wanted. #f the ed"e of a selected area is within M ixels of the i$a"e ed"e! it is no lon"er considered an ed"e for blendin". #f a selected area includes a ortion of the i$a"e ed"e! and you do not want blendin" alon" this ed"e (the nor$al case)! be sure the ed"e of the area is within M ixels of the i$a"e ed"e. Sho& : 1ide) Use 2Eide3 to hide the area outlines. ,his is useful when editin" the i$a"e'area! to better see the effects of the edit without interference fro$ the area outlines. Use 2Show3 to show the outlines and resu$e editin" the area.

Color) ;lternates the color used to show the area outline (red! "reen! blac(). Finish) /hen you are finished selectin" the enclosed s aces! use the 2Finish3 button to co$ lete the rocess. ; o u dialo" will as( you to clic( the $ouse inside each enclosed s ace in se)uence. ,his action launches a search for all ixels within the enclosed s ace! and these are $a ed and saved. ,he enclosed s ace is te$ orarily colored so you can see exactly what art of the i$a"e is bein" selected. ,he dialo" will show the status of the search! .success. or .outline has a "a .. #f there is a "a in the outline! an atte$ t is $ade to show where the "a is& you will see a line co$in" out of the colored s ace to $eet the ed"e of an i$a"inary rectan"le enclosin" the s ace. 1ou $ay be able to follow this line bac( to the "a ! but if the area is convoluted findin" the "a can be difficult. =ach use of 2finish3 will roduce a different icture that $ay lead you to the "a . 8arefully ins ect the outline of the area! close the hole! and use 2Finish3 a"ain. ;n area is not effective for edits until it is successfully finished. ;ny enclosed area can be selected! even those not ex licitely outlined (e.". if you use select by $ouse to select a donut with a hole! you can still clic( the hole to include it in the area). Un"inish) ,o re:edit a finished area! it is so$eti$es necessary to un:finish it to $a(e the edit functions wor( nor$ally. Invert) ,his function inverts an existin" area& the entire i$a"e is selected exce t for the existin" area. Usin" the function two ti$es returns the ori"inal selected area. #nvertin" a selected area invalidates the ed"e calculation which will be re eated if ed"e blendin" is selected. +isa%le : (na%le) @isable the current area and (ee the data so that it can be re:activated later. ,his allows you to alternate edits within a selected area and edits for the entire i$a"e. Unselect) @iscard the current area er$anently.

0rea Sho& : 1ide Show or hide the outline of the current area. Eidin" the area is useful when the area is bein" $odified with one of the edit functions. ,his $a(es it easier to >ud"e the effects of the edit. ,hese are also available as buttons in the Select ;rea dialo".

0rea (na%le : +isa%le @isable the current area and (ee the data so that it can be re:activated later (=nable $enu). ,his allows you to alternate edits within a selected area and edits for the entire i$a"e. ,hese are also available as buttons in the Select ;rea dialo".

0rea Invert #nvert an existin" area& the entire i$a"e is selected exce t for the existin" area. Usin" the function two ti$es returns the ori"inal selected area. #nvertin" a selected area invalidates the ed"e calculation which $ust be re eated if ed"e blendin" is desired. ,his is also available as a button in the Select ;rea dialo".

0rea Unselect Per$enently discard the current area. ,his is also available as a button in the Select ;rea dialo".

0rea Co*y : ,aste Co*y) ,he current selected area is co ied and saved in $e$ory. ,aste) ,he saved area is asted into the current i$a"e. #t can be $oved around by dra""in" with the $ouse. Use the resi0e and an"le buttons to resi0e or rotate the asted ob>ect. Use the ed"e blend slider to $a(e a blended ed"e if desired. Press the 2done3 button in the o u dialo". ,he asted area now behaves li(e a Select ;rea. 1ou can edit within the area and use the 2blend width3 control in the Select ;rea dialo".

0rea O*en and Save #f a selected area is active or has been saved with the $enu Select 6 8o y! it can be saved to an i$a"e file usin" the $enu Select 6 Save. 1ou are as(ed to su ly a na$e. ,wo files are saved& the i$a"e is saved to filena$e.tiff and the trans arency data is saved to filena$e.info. ,hese files reside at 'ho$e'Cuser6'.fotoxx'savedKareas'. Use Select 6 * en to choose a saved area (choose the tiff file)! which will be du$ ed into the i$a"e where it can be $oved around! resi0ed! etc. as with the co y and aste functions.

Select Whole I!age

#t is so$eti$es effective to a ly a retouchin" function controlled by i$a"e bri"htness! e.". a ly noise reduction to dar(er areas of the i$a"e while leavin" bri"hter areas alone. ,o do this! use the $enu Select 6 Select /hole #$a"e. 8hoose bri"htness or one of the 5G7 colors as the controller. ,he editable "ra h controls how subse)uent edit functions are a lied to the i$a"e. ,he x:axis is ixel bri"htness fro$ dar( to bri"ht! or the selected 5G7 color fro$ I to <IIO of the ixel bri"htness. ,he y:axis value "overns how stron"ly the edit function affects a corres ondin" ixel. ; low value $ini$i0es the effect! and a hi"h value $axi$i0es it. =xa$ le& a ly tone $a in" ri$arily to dar( ixels& Use Select 6 Select /hole #$a"e and dra" the curve so that hi"h values are on the left (dar( ixels) and low values are in the $iddle and on the ri"ht (bri"ht ixels). Now use 5etouch 6 ,one +a in" to a ly tone $a in" to the dar(er areas of the i$a"e. 1ou can edit either curve (whole i$a"e curve! tone $a in" curve) while watchin" the resultin" i$a"e.

Select and (dit

Use this function in co$bination with a retouch edit function. S ecify a $ouse radius and ower factors for the $ouse center and radius ed"e. ,hen start a retouch edit function if not already active. ,he $ouse ointer will be surrounded by a circle with the s ecified radius. /hen the $ouse is dra""ed over an area of the i$a"e! the current retouch function is a lied within the circle. ,he .stren"th. of the function is re"ulated by the ower factors. ,y ically you will use a hi"h value at the center and 0ero at the ed"e! $eanin" that the stren"th of the edit will be $axi$u$ at the center! chan"in" "radually to 0ero at the ed"e of the circle. ;s you dra" the $ouse over the sa$e area re eatedly! the edits are slowly accu$ulated. For exa$ le! if the edit function is 7ri"htness'8olor! and the bri"htness curve is set to a hi"h level! then the i$a"e will be slowly bri"htened in the area where the $ouse is dra""ed. ,his is called dodge and %urn in other i$a"e editors! but other retouch functions can also be used! e.". tone $a in" or blur. Use the 2undo3 and 2redo3 toolbar buttons to $onitor the chan"e! which $ay be hard to notice at first. Set the center ower to <II to $a(e faster chan"es (with less fine control). Use a left:button dra" to wea(en the edit or ulti$ately erase it. /hen done usin" one edit function in one or $ore i$a"e areas! use the 2done3 button on the edit dialo" to co$ lete the edit. Use the 2reset area3 button to erase the active area that is now left over fro$ the $ouse dra""in". #f you leave the area active and start a new edit function! the results are un redictable. ; su""ested a roach is& (<) start the Select and =dit dialo"! (D) start the edit function with its initial settin"s (the effect on the i$a"e will be 0ero since no $ouse dra""in" has been done)! (3) dra" the $ouse over the desired areas and watch the effect! (M) ad>ust the edit function settin"s! (J) alternate between the revious two ste s. ,his $ethod to . aint. a retouch function incre$entally can i$ rove selected areas of an i$a"e )uic(ly and easily. #t wor(s with any edit function that can use selected areas. ,he $ost useful are 7ri"htness'8olor and ,one +a in".

/etouch -enu
0d>ust White .alance ,his function is an easy way to re$ove a false color:cast! e.". the whole i$a"e has an overall blue or red tin"e. ;fter strartin" the function! clic( so$ewhere on the i$a"e that should have no color : a white or "ray area. #f that location has any color other than white or "ray! it will be used as a $easure of overall false color! and this a$ount of color will be re$oved fro$ the whole i$a"e. 1ou can clic( around on various areas and see the i$ act instantly. Press the 2done3 button when you are satisfied! or 2cancel3 if not.

-a'e 3egative Use this function to $a(e a blac( and white or color ne"ative! or convert a ne"ative i$a"e into a ositive i$a"e. Select one of the four buttons&
blac('white ositive : convert a color i$a"e to blac( and white blac('white ne"ative : convert to blac( and white and reverse bri"htness color ositive : do nothin" at all! or undo one of the others color ne"ative : re lace each 5G7 color with its co$ li$ent

8olor ne"ative& =ach 5G7 color is re laced with the $axi$u$ value : the color value. For exa$ le! if the 5G7 colors (O of $axi$u$) are DI'MI'GI! then the ne"ative color is PI'GI'MI. @oin" this twice brin"s bac( the ori"inal colors. ,his roduces co$ li$entary colors as follows& red beco$es cyan! "reen beco$es $a"neta! and blue beco$es yellow.

Flatten .rightness ,his is a fast and easy way to co$ ensate for a co$$on li$itation in hotos& there is not enou"h ran"e in the bri"htness to show "ood detail in all areas. ,his function finds where there are too $any ixels with nearly the sa$e bri"htness and s reads the$ a art! co$ ressin" other areas to $a(e roo$. ,echnically! the bri"htness distribution is $ade $ore unifor$ (flatter). +ove the slider and watch the i$a"e! which $ay la" a $o$ent. So$e i$a"es will show "ood results! others $ay not be hel ed or even beco$e worse. Usin" this function within a selected area is often very effective. =d"e blendin" $ay be needed to $a(e the boundary invisible.

.rightness:Color

,his function is used to chan"e bri"htness! contrast! color saturation! and color balance (relative 5G7 levels). 1ou can ad>ust all of these ite$s as a function of the ori"inal i$a"e ixel bri"htness. ,o illustrate! you could increase color saturation in dar(er i$a"e areas and leave it unchan"ed in bri"hter i$a"e areas. ,here are J res onse curves for the J i$a"e attributes of bri"htness! color saturation! and color balance (levels of red! "reen! and blue). ,he radio buttons select which curve is active and dis layed. ,he curve re resents a value (1:axis) for each level of i$a"e bri"htness (F:axis). ,he $iddle 1:value is neutral (no chan"e fro$ the initial value). Ei"her and lower 1:values re resent corres ondin" hi"her and lower settin"s for the J attributes. ,he initial curves are flat at the $iddle value. ,he curves can be dra""ed u or down with the $ouse. ;n anchor oint (blac( dot) is added to the curve wherever it is ulled! and this beco$es a constraint for subse)uent ulls& the curve will continue to "o throu"h this oint as other arts of the curve are ulled. ;nchor oints can also be dra""ed! or deleted by ri"ht:clic(in" the$. ,he i$a"e chan"es in real:ti$e as the curves are $oved. Si$ ly $ove the curves and observe the i$a"e until you are satisfied. For exa$ le! to increase overall contrast! $a(e the 7ri"htness curve lower on the left and'or hi"her on the ri"ht. ,o bri"hten areas that are too dar(! raise the left side of the 7ri"htness curve. ,he buttons 29993 etc. can be used to shift the whole curve ra idly in various ways.

7ri"htness chan"es all 5G7 values for a ixel by the sa$e factor. 8olor saturation chan"es the do$inant 5G7 color(s) within each ixel and $oves other colors in the o osite direction! so that overall bri"htness does not chan"e. ,he curves for the three colors chan"e one color at a ti$e. For exa$ le! if dar( i$a"e areas have a red hue! lower the left side of the 5ed curve. ,he scale ran"e is 9': D.I =B (F:sto s) for a total bri"htness ran"e of <'M to Mx. ,he ste si0e for the buttons 29993 etc. is I.< =B or about HO bri"htness chan"e. ,he alternative s$all ste si0e is <'3 as bi".

Ga!!a Curve

,his is the classic "a$$a curve edit found in Photosho and $any other i$a"e edit ro"ra$s. ,he x:axis $a s the in ut ixel bri"htness and the y:axis the out ut or ad>usted ixel bri"htness. ,he strai"ht line at MJ de"rees is the neutral curve! $a in" in ut bri"htness values to the sa$e values for out ut bri"htness. ,he edited curve shown here will cause dar(er ixels to beco$e dar(er! $id: ran"e ixels to have an increased bri"htness ran"e ($ore contrast)! and the bri"htest ixels to beco$e bri"hter. #n effect! contrast is bein" re$oved fro$ the dar(er and bri"hter i$a"e areas so that the $id:ran"e areas can have $ore contrast. +ovin" the low end of the curve to the ri"ht will cause dar( ixels to be cli ed ($ade blac()! and $ovin" the to end of the curve to the left will cause bri"ht ixels to be cli ed ($ade white). =dit the ;LL curve while watchin" the i$a"e for instant feedbac(. 1ou can also select and $odify individual 5G7 colors after finishin" the ;LL color. =ditin" the ;LL curve forces the 5G7 curves to $atch the ;LL curve! so do 5G7 curve ad>ust$ents a"ter ad>ustin" the ;LL curve.

.rightness /a!*

,his function varies the bri"htness across an i$a"e! with the direction and $a"nitude of the bri"htness slo e deter$ined by editable curves. 1ou can use this to co$ ensate for uneven li"htin" or vi"nettin" (dar(er i$a"e corners). ,he function dialo" dis lays two editable curves! hori0ontal and vertical. ,he hori0ontal curve ad>usts bri"htness hori0ontally! and the vertical curve ad>usts bri"htness vertically. +ove the curves in the directions labeled .9. and .S. to increase or decrease the i$a"e bri"htness in the corres ondin" i$a"e area. ,o re$ove vi"nettin" in the i$a"e corners! $ove both ends of both curves in the .9. direction while fixin" the $iddle areas or even $ovin" the$ in the .S. direction. ,o bri"hten the u er ri"ht corner! $ove the ri"ht end of the hori0ontal curve and the u er end of the vertical curve in the .9. direction! as in the exa$ le above. #f used with a selected area! the scales refer to the enclosin" rectan"le of the area instead of the whole i$a"e. ,hus you can select an area of an i$a"e and a ly a bri"htness ra$ across the area. #f the button .all. is selected (default) then all colors are ad>usted e)ually (i.e. bri"htness is ad>usted). #f one of the colors is selected! the i$a"e is ad>usted for that color only! and the .all. curve is i"nored. ;ny or all three 5G7 colors $ay be ad>usted in this $anner. 1ou can use this to re$ove a color:caste that varies across an i$a"e or i$a"e area.

(x*and .rightness

,his function ex ands the bri"htness ran"e of an i$a"e that does not utili0e the full bri"htness ran"e available! ossibly $a(in" it loo( contrast: oor. 1ou can see this in the bri"htness distribution "ra h. #f the distribution shows little or no area at the extre$e low and hi"h ends of the hori0ontal scale! the i$a"e $ay benefit fro$ ex andin" the bri"htness ran"e. ,his $eans that the dar(est ixels are $ade dar(er and'or the bri"htest ixels are $ade bri"hter. +ove the sliders to extend the bri"htness ran"e and observe the i$a"e.

+/G.

,his function is used to chan"e overall bri"htness or selected colors usin" *@ (o tical density) units. ,he in ut values ran"e fro$ :AA to 9AA which re resent :I.AA to 9I.AA *@. *@ is a lo"arith$ic scale where :< is a <Ix increase and 9< is a <Ix decrease in bri"htness. ,he in ut ste s (I.I< *@) $a(e a D.3O chan"e in bri"htness! which is barely visible with undo'redo and not visible with a side:by:side co$ arison. ,he contrast buttons chan"e contrast by I.I< *@ er ste ! $eanin" that the bri"htest and dar(est ixels are chan"ed by I.I< *@ in o osite directions! with inter$ediate ixels chan"ed ro ortionally. ,his function was re)uested by a rofessional hoto"ra her to si$ lify bri"htness and color corrections before $a(in" rints.

-atch Colors

,his function $atches the colors in one i$a"e to those in another. ; s$all s ot! deter$ined fro$ a $ouse clic(! is sa$ led fro$ each i$a"e. ,he s ot on the Dnd i$a"e will be $ade to have the sa$e avera"e color (5G7 values) as the s ot fro$ the <st i$a"e. ,he factors used to $a(e the 5G7 values the sa$e are then a lied to all the ixels in the Dnd i$a"e. ,he $ost co$$on use is to re$ove a color:cast fro$ an i$a"e by $ar(in" a s ot on the i$a"e that should have a "iven color which is ta(en fro$ another i$a"e. Procedure& ,he dialo" lists J ste s to ta(e in se)uence. (<) Set a radius for the s ot sa$ le. ,he $ouse cursor will have a circle of this radius which is the s ot area that will be sa$ led. (D) * en the <st i$a"e ( ress the 2o en3 button for a file o en dialo"). #f the current i$a"e is already the one you want! this ste can be s(i ed. (3) 8lic( on the i$a"e to ta(e a color sa$ le fro$ the s ot area enclosed by the $ouse circle. 1ou can chan"e the radius and clic( a"ain if wanted. (M) * en the Dnd i$a"e by ressin" the 2o en3 button. (J) 8lic( on the i$a"e at the s ot you want to $atch the s ot color fro$ the <st i$a"e. ,he i$a"e colors will chan"e within a second or two. 1ou can chan"e the radius and clic( on another s ot if wanted! and the colors will chan"e accordin"ly. 8lic( the dialo" 2done3 or 2cancel3 button to finish.

#one -a**ing

,one $a in" increases the a arent bri"htness ran"e of an i$a"e by increasin" local contrast. #t is es ecially useful to i$ rove E@5 i$a"es! but can also be a lied to any i$a"e. E@5 i$a"es often see$ .flat. because the contrast between nearby ixels has been reduced to $a(e the overall contrast fit within the available ran"e. ,one +a in" increases the contrast between nearby ixels without increasin" the overall contrast. #t relies on the nature of hu$an vision& contrast within a s$all an"le is erceived $ore stron"ly than contrast over a lar"e an"le. ,one $a in" also brin"s out subtle details (low contrast) that would otherwise be hard to notice. *ther $ethods can also be used& ad>ustin" the bri"htness curve can increase contrast for a selected bri"htness ran"e ( ossibly at the ex ense of others). Flattenin" the bri"htness distribution can s read the available contrast (bri"htness ran"e) $ore evenly. #ncreasin" color saturation can also brin" out $ore detail. ,hese $ethods o erate "lobally& all ixels of a "iven color and bri"htness are rocessed the sa$e. ,one $a in" rocesses ixels differently de endin" on the bri"htness of surroundin" ixels and is $ore effective at enhancin" detail and the erceived bri"htness ran"e. #n the dialo"! the "ra hic curve deter$ines how $uch local contrast is increased de endin" on initial local contrast. ,he left end of the x:axis corres onds to low:contrast ixels and the ri"ht end hi"h:contrast ixels. 5aise the left side of the curve to increase the contrast of low:contrast ixels (but this will also enhance low:level noise). ,he ;$ lify slider below the curve re"ulates the internal al"orith$ic calculation! fro$ no contrast a$ lification on the left to full a$ lification on the ri"ht. #f $oved too far to the ri"ht! the i$a"e $ay show artifacts (bri"ht or dar( .rays.)! so ush it bac( until these disa ear. ,he curve can be dra""ed with the $ouse and its effect on the i$a"e will show u in a few seconds (de endin" on i$a"e si0e and 8PU s eed). ,he a$ lify slider also needs a few seconds to show u in the i$a"e. #f $ore contrast is wanted! raise the curve. #f unifor$ areas (e.". s(y) beco$e $ottled! ull the left end of the curve down to reduce a$ lification for low:contrast ixels. #n so$e cases it will be best to select different areas of the i$a"e and rocess the$ se arately! e.". $ore conservative for s(y! $ore a""ressive for textured surfaces li(e stone walls.

/e!ove /ed (ye ,his function reduces the red:eye effect fro$ electronic flash hotos. ,wo $ethods are rovided. ,he first is faster but will not handle difficult cases (e.". the eyelids are al$ost as red as the eye). ,he second $ethod is $ore robust but also needs $ore ti$e and care. ,o use the first function! left:clic( on a red:eye one or $ore ti$es until satisfied. #f the dar(ened area is too s$all or off:center! do a ri"ht:clic( to undo the chan"e and then left:clic( $ore recisely on the center of the red:eye. #f a red:eye cannot be fixed correctly! ri"ht:clic( to undo the chan"e and then use the second $ethod. ,he second $ethod can better handle difficult cases where the red:eye is only sli"htly red and the color difference with the eyelids is too little for the auto$atic al"orith$ to distin"uish. Place the cursor over the center of the red eye. Eold the left $ouse button and dra" the cursor down and to the ri"ht. ; dotted elli se will a ear enclosin" the red eye. 5e eat if needed to "et the red eye centered in the elli se (rou"hly). Note that the sha e of the elli se de ends on the direction of the dra"! which can allow $ore recise enclosure of only the red:eye. Left:clic( inside the elli se re eatedly while watchin" the red eye dar(en! and sto when it is dar( enou"h. #f you "o too far! the eyelids $ay start to dar(en. 5i"ht:clic( to undo and re eat if necessary.

.lur i!age ,his function can be used to blur or un:shar en an i$a"e. =ach ixel is $ixed with nei"hborin" ixels to reduce the differences! $a(in" ed"es fu00y. =nter a value for blur radius and ress 2a ly3 to see the results. ; s$all value $ixes each ixel with its nearest nei"hbors and lar"er values $ix $ore distant ixels. ,he contribution fro$ each ixel decreases with distance! so the nearest ixels have the "reatest contribution. ,his function is useful to s$ooth $ottled s(in tones. 1ou can use .select area. to li$it the blur to a face or art of a face. ,his is also a way to cure .bandin". in s(y areas (this can ha en if the flatten! bri"htness! or tone $a in" functions cause the distribution to s read out! $a(in" the bri"htness ste s erce tible).

Shar*en I!age

,his function shar ens a blurry i$a"e. ,hree $ethods are i$ le$ented& ed"e detection! unshar $as(! and "radient. =d"e detection& find ad>acent ixels with the lar"est bri"htness difference (contrast) and increase the difference. ,his is re eated for several cycles! with the threshold for bri"htness difference decreased each cycle. Unshar $as(& a fast and effective $ethod also found in Gi$ and other tools. ; technical descri tion can be found via Goo"le. Gradient& ixels are rocessed left to ri"ht and to to botto$. ,he bri"htness difference (contrast) between each ixel and its rior nei"hbors (left and above) is increased! and the ixel bri"htness is $odified to $atch. ,his bri"htness chan"e is ro a"ated to the next ixel where the rocess is re eated. ,he ed"e detection $ethod "ives shar er ed"es where the contrast is hi"h and softer ed"es elsewhere! $a(in" it "ood for ortraits (shar eyes! s$ooth s(in). For i$a"es that are artly shar and artly blurred (e.". de th of field or $otion roble$)! the ed"e detection $ethod ri$arily affects the blurry areas! whereas unshar $as( $ay ut .halos. around ed"es that are already shar . ,he "radient $ethod wor(s about as well as unshar $as( for sli"htly blurry i$a"es. ,he radius value li$its the distance over which ixels around an ed"e are chan"ed. #t should be s$all for i$a"es that are sli"htly fu00y and lar"er for oorer i$a"es. ,hreshold su resses chan"es to low:contrast ixels& a hi"her values reduces the a$ lification of low:level irre"ularities. For the ed"e detection $ethod! enter the followin" ara$eters&
cycles reduce threshold nu$ber of iterations bri"htness reduction threshold er cycle! PI $eans I.PI bri"htness chan"e low cutoff threshold

For the unshar $as( $ethod! enter the followin" ara$eters&

radius a$ount threshold distance ixels around an ed"e are chan"ed a$ount of correction! <II T nor$al bri"htness chan"e low cutoff threshold

For the "radient $ethod! enter the followin" ara$eters&

a$ount threshold a$ount of correction! <II T nor$al bri"htness chan"e low cutoff threshold

Press the button for the $ethod selected and wait a few seconds to see the result. ,he default values are su""ested startin" oints. +a(e chan"es and re eat the rocess until satisfied. 1ou can "o bac( and forth a$on" the $ethods to co$ are which is best for a "iven i$a"e. Use Select ;rea to o erate on different arts of the i$a"e with different $ethods and ara$eters.

/educe 3oise ,his function reduces the noise resent in hotos ta(en under oor li"htin" conditions! $a(in" unifor$ surfaces a ear s ec(led. 8hoose one of the $ethods described below. Press the 2reduce3 button re eatedly while watchin" the i$a"e. #f you "o too far! shar ness and detail will be lost. ,he radius in ut deter$ines the area around each ixel that is co$ ared. ; default radius is set when a $ethod is selected! but other values $ay wor( better. For a lar"e i$a"e! these al"orith$s $ay run a lon" ti$e. ,o save ti$e! select a s$all area and ex eri$ent with the different $ethods and radius settin"s until you $a(e a decision! then clear the selected area and a ly the chosen $ethod to the whole i$a"e. ,here are four different $ethods! and each $ethod a lies to each 5G7 color inde endently.
Flatten outliers (<) Flatten outliers (D) +edian bri"htness ,o hat ,he hi"hest and lowest ixel values within a radius are $oderated sli"htly. Pixels are co$ ared to the $ean and si"$a of ixels within a radius. ,hose outside one si"$a are $oved bac( toward the $ean. Pixels are set to the $edian value of their nei"hbors within a radius. @etect outliers by co$ arison with a band of ixels at a distance. ,he distance is increased in ste s fro$ < ixel to the radius li$it.

S!art (rase

,his function can be used to erase s$all ob>ects that can s oil a "ood hoto! such as ower lines! trash on the "round! a si"n! etc. ,he unwanted ob>ect is re laced with ixels ta(en fro$ the surroundin" area. ,his is so$eti$es very effective (side:effects al$ost invisible)! and so$eti$es not. #t wor(s best for s$all or narrow ob>ects in the hoto (e.". CDI ixels wide). 5adius controls the si0e of a circle around the $ouse ointer! definin" the area to select and erase. @ra" the $ouse to enclose all or art of the ob>ect to be re$oved. Left:dra" selects and ri"ht:dra" un: selects. Press 2=rase3 to erase the selected area! re lacin" the ixels with the nearest ixels fro$ outside the selection. #f the selection was not recise enou"h! use 2Undo3! ad>ust the selected area! and 2=rase3 a"ain. 5e eated selections and erasures will accu$ulate until you use 2NewK;rea3 to start a new selection. ,he rior erased areas are now fixed and 2Undo3 will only wor( for the current selection. ;s with all edit functions! the toolbar buttons 2Undo3 and 25edo3 can be used to review all chan"es. #t is li(ely best to wor( with an i$a"e 0oo$ed to DIIO or $ore. Unchec( .$y $ouse. to allow scrollin" a 0oo$ed i$a"e to a new osition. ,he 7lur control adds blur to the re lace$ent ixels. ,his can reduce visible side:effects! since the re lace$ent ixels $ay be shar er or have $ore contrast than the surroundin"s. 8han"e the 7lur settin" and re eat the 2=rase3 button. ; blur of I.J or < ixel is usually effective.

/e!ove +ust

#$a"es $ade fro$ dusty scanned slides can have $any s$all dar( s ots : shadows of the dust on the slides. ,his function can be used to re$ove the $a>ority of such s ots. +ove the three sliders until the $axi$u$ nu$ber of dust s ots are ainted red! then ress the 2erase3 button to erase the$. Press 2red3 to brin" bac( the red view! then you can ad>ust the sliders a"ain and ress 2erase3. ,he .s ot si0e li$it. slider li$its the si0e of the s ots that will be erased. ,he .$ax. bri"htness. slider sets a theshhold for i"norin" s ots that are not dar( enou"h. ,he .$in. contrast. slider screens out s ots havin" low contrast with their surroundin"s. ,his rocess is usually a co$ ro$ise. #f the settin"s are not o ti$al! s$all features li(e tree leaves can be erased! or lar"e s ots $ay be left in lace. @ifferent arts of the i$a"e $ay need different settin"s! e.". s(y can be treated $ore a""ressively than a buildin" wall. 1ou can si$ ly use =rase @ust $ulti le ti$es with different settin"s as needed to "et all the dust s ots. *r you can use select area to rocess the i$a"e in sections. #f so$e s ots are ersistent! you can treat the$ $anually with S$art =rase& set a s$all $ouse radius and clic( on each s ot to re$ove it. S ots fro$ fibers (lon" and thin) are usually not re$oved auto$atically! but S$art =rase can be effective here.

(dit ,ixels ,his function chan"es individual ixels. ,here are three $odes of o eration& ic(! aint! and erase. Pic( $ode& clic( anywhere on the i$a"e to set the current color. Paint $ode& clic( or dra" anywhere on the i$a"e to aint with the current color. =rase $ode& clic( or dra" anywhere on the i$a"e to restore $odified ixels to their ori"inal color. ,he button 2color3 allows you to ic( a color usin" a color wheel! and it always shows the current color. ,he .brush radius. control sets how lar"e an area of ixels will be chan"ed with each $ouse clic( or dra". ,he .trans arency. controls deter$ine how intensely the color is a lied at the center and ed"es of the brush. Nero trans arency a lies the full color i$$ediately whereas a hi"h trans arency (AI:AA) a lies a little color and allows you to "radually chan"e the color usin" $any clic(s or dra"s (analo"ous to s ray aintin" fro$ a distance). =rase also wor(s this way& use 0ero trans arency to i$$ediately erase! and hi"h trans arency to erase "radually. Unchec( .$y $ouse. to use the $ouse to scroll or 0oo$ the i$a"e! then re:chec( to resu$e aintin". ,he 2undo:last3 button re$oves the last edit ($odifications fro$ the last clic( or dra" o eration)! and this can be re eated to re$ove $any recent edits. ,he $e$ory for undo o erations is li$ited to DII $e"abytes! which can be reached if you $a(e $any edits usin" a lar"e brush (every chan"e to every ixel is saved). #t is useful to save the i$a"e after each satisfactory chan"e to free this $e$ory. ,he a$ount of $e$ory available is dis layed in the dialo"! so you can see when the li$it is a roachin". #f a selected area is enabled! the aintin" is confined within the area. 1ou can select an area by color and then chan"e the color without ta(in" care about the ed"es. 3O#() 0oo$ the i$a"e to <IIO or $ore when usin" this function. #f the $ouse ste s are lar"er than the i$a"e ixels and a s$all brush is bein" used! so$e ixels $ay be s(i ed by the $ouse and cannot be ainted.

/evise /G.

,his function can be used to $a(e co$ lex color corrections! whereby different arts of the i$a"e need different corrections. Select u to A control oints on the i$a"e by clic(in" the$ with the $ouse. ,he oints are added to the list in the dialo" window! with the $ost recent oint at the to . ,he oints are labeled ;:# in the list and on the i$a"e window. ,he current 5G7 values are shown (or =B or *@ units if selected). 8han"e the 5G7'=B'*@ values in the dialo"! and the i$a"e will be chan"ed to $atch. =ach ixel in the i$a"e is influenced by all the control oints in the dialo"! with the closer control oints havin" $ore influence than those farther away. ,he slider Soften Pea(s deter$ines how widely the control oints s read their influence. #f .delta. is chec(ed! the values shown are the deltas (differences) fro$ the ori"inal i$a"e.

#rans"or! -enu
#ri! I!age (a(a cro ) ,he E@5! E@F and anora$a functions will leave so$e blac( $ar"ins around the ed"es where the i$a"es did not overla . Use the tri$ function to re$ove these areas! or any other unwanted $ar"ins. ;n initial selection rectan"le is drawn (usin" revious tri$ di$ensions if they fit within the current i$a"e si0e). 8lic( or dra" near any corner of the rectan"le to $ove that corner. /hen done! ress the 2@one3 button in the dialo" box to cut:off arts of the i$a"e outside the selection rectan"le. ,he dialo" box shows the current width'hei"ht ratio of the selection rectan"le. #f the box .loc( ratio. is chec(ed! then $ovin" one corner of the rectan"le will also $ove the o osite corner to (ee the sa$e ratio. 1ou can also dra" fro$ the $iddle of the rectan"le to shift the whole rectan"le without chan"in" its di$ensions. #f .$y $ouse. is unchec(ed! the $ouse is free to 0oo$ and scroll the i$a"e. /hen chec(ed a"ain! the selection rectan"le $ay be redrawn to fit within the newly visible art of the i$a"e. 1ou can use the width and hei"ht s in buttons to in ut desired ixel di$ensions directly! and the selection rectan"le will ad>ust to these.

,he six ratio buttons allow you to choose a reset width'hei"ht ratio. ,he button 2invert3 exchan"es the width'hei"ht ratio (D&< beco$es <&D etc). 1ou can chan"e the ratio button na$es and the corres ondin" ratios with the button 2custo$i0e3 which starts the second dialo" shown above. =nter desired button na$es in the first row of six text entry areas! and enter the corres ondin" width'hei"ht ratios in the second row (the default na$es are the sa$e as the ratios! exce t for ."old.). Use the ratio <G&A for the E@,B for$at. ,he default 2"old3 button uses the "olden ratio! about <.G<P&<. 1ou do not have to (ee it.

/esize I!age (a(a rescale) ,his function sets a new i$a"e width and hei"ht. 1ou can in ut the new ixel width and hei"ht directly or choose a ercent chan"e for width and hei"ht. 7uttons are resent for settin" the new si0e to 3'M! D'3! <'D! <'3! or <'M of the ori"inal si0e. Usin" one of these ratios will $ini$i0e loss of resolution. #f the loc( ratio box is chec(ed! the ori"inal width ' hei"ht ratio will be reserved! $eanin" that if one di$ension is chan"ed! the other di$ension will be chan"ed to $atch. ,he chan"e is $ade i$$ediately! but the i$a"e will loo( the sa$e unless it beco$es s$aller than the window! causin" a visible shrin(a"e. Leave the dialo" with 2done3 to save the chan"es or 2cancel3 to (ee the ori"inal si0e. ,he i$a"e file si0e (status bar) is not u dated until the $odified i$a"e is saved.

.atch /esize ,his function is used to resi0e $any i$a"e files at once (for lanned u loads to a web site! to save dis( s ace! etc.). ,he $enu o ens a dialo" to select i$a"e files and s ecify o tions. Use the button 2select files3 to select i$a"e files fro$ a "allery window ( lin'). 1ou can select the o tion& .re lace ori"inals. or .ex ort to location.. For the latter! in ut a directory where the resi0ed i$a"e files will be written! or use the 2browse3 button to locate the directory. Finally! use the 2 roceed3 button to start the resi0e rocess. ; o u window shows the ro"ress. #f the re lace o tion is chosen! =F#F data (includin" ta"s) will be reserved. #f the ex ort o tion is chosen! use the chec(box to deter$ine if the =F#F data is ex orted or o$itted. 5estriction& resi0ed i$a"e files are 4P=G re"ardless of the file ty e of the in ut files.

0nnotate I!age

/ith this function you can edit descri tive text and write directly on the i$a"e. =nter the text into the dialo". +ulti le lines can be used. ;fter editin" the text in the window! left:clic( the $ouse where you want the text on the i$a"e. 8lic( or dra" to $ove the text elsewhere. 5i"ht clic( to re$ove the text. Use the 2Font3 button to select a different font and si0e. Use the 2Si0e3 control to increase or decrease the text si0e. Use the 2;n"le3 control to chan"e the an"le of the text. ,he fore"round (text) and bac("round colors and trans arency can be ad>usted. ,he exa$ le shows "reen text on a blue bac("round! with the bac("round bein" HHO trans arent! $eanin" that the i$a"e shows throu"h the bac("round. ,he 3rd color o tion is to su ly an o tional outline around the text! in this case red. 2/idth3 controls how wide the outline is. ,he 2* en3 and 2Save3 buttons start a file chooser dialo" with which you can load or save all annotation data fro$ or to a file. ;ll the ite$s in the dialo" are loaded or saved (text! font! etc.)! so you can (ee a collection of often: used annotations.

-a'ing a Water!ar') use a fore"round trans arency of HIO or $ore and a bac("round

trans arency of <IIO. ,he text should be faint but readable. ,o add a .relief. effect! use Select ;rea to ut a box around the text and use the function ;rt 6 Si$ulate =$bossin" to raise the text (if bri"hter than the i$a"e) or recess the text (if dar(er).

/otate I!age ,he rotate $enu function starts a dialo" to rotate the i$a"e cloc(wise (9) or countercloc(wise (:) in ste s of I.<! <! <I! or AI de"rees. For a tilted i$a"e! use the $ouse to dra" the ri"ht ed"e u or down until the i$a"e loo(s level. Use the AI de"ree ste s to convert an i$a"e ta(en in vertical for$at to hori0ontal. No resolution is lost with AI de"ree rotation. For other an"les! the loss of resolution is about <'D ixel. ,he out ut i$a"e is increased to acco$$odate the rotated in ut i$a"e without si0e reduction : e.". a <II x <II i$a"e rotated MJ de"rees will be inside a new i$a"e box of <M< x <M< ixels! and the unused areas will be blac(. Use the 2tri$3 button to re$ove these ex anded $ar"ins.

Fli* I!age 8hoose either hori0ontal or vertical fli fro$ the dialo". ,he i$a"e is reversed ($irrored) vertically or hori0ontally. 5e eatin" the fli restores the ori"inal i$a"e. @oin" both a hori0ontal and vertical fli is the sa$e as a <PI de"ree rotation.

Un%end I!age

Panora$as of nearby sub>ects (ty ically buildin"s or interior roo$s) $ay show strai"ht lines that are curved! or buildin"s that are slanted. 7endin" of the i$a"es is necessary in the anora$a rocess in order for the i$a"es to fit to"ether. For re$ote sub>ects (es . landsca es) this is not noticeable. ,he unbend function can be used to strai"hten curved lines and re$ove the slant fro$ vertical lines. Bertical and hori0ontal dotted lines are drawn over the i$a"e! showin" the unbend axes. 8lic( or dra" the $ouse near the end of a line to $ove it. #n ut values for hori0ontal and vertical unbend and watch the effect on the i$a"e. #ncrease or decrease the values and re eat until satisfied. +ove the axes to chan"e the centers of unbendin". ,he linear values will slant the i$a"e left'ri"ht or to 'botto$ ed"es to re$ove slant. ,he curved values will strai"hten the i$a"e curvin" that co$es fro$ $a(in" a anora$a. See also ./ar #$a"e. for another $ethod of correctin" i$a"e curvin" and ers ective roble$s.

Straighten I!age

,his function can be used to strai"hten a hoto $ade fro$ an offset an"le. ,he aintin" on the left is the ori"inal hoto! ta(en fro$ below and left of center! to reduce reflections. ,he aintin" on the ri"ht is the strai"htened version. ,his function can also be used to strai"hten a buildin" hoto"ra hed fro$ an an"le! or a boo( a"e! or docu$ent! etc. 8lic( on the four corners of the tetra"on sha e that you want to $a(e into a rectan"le (in the above case! the four corners of the aintin" or fra$e)! then select 2a ly3. Use 2reset3 to "o bac( and try a"ain if needed. ,he clic(ed corners are labeled with s$all letters ;! 7! 8! @. ,he u er left corner of the s)uare enclosin" the letter recisely $ar(s the corner osition. 8lic(in" near a corner will $ove it to the new osition. ;fter the Mth corner is defined! a new clic( re laces the closest corner.

War* I!age <area= ,his function can be used to $a(e distortions within an i$a"e. 1ou can select an i$a"e area and dra" the $ouse to stretch this area with res ect to the rest of the i$a"e. ,he i$a"e reacts as if $ade of rubber. ,he $ove$ent is $axi$u$ at the $ouse ointer and declines to 0ero at the ed"es of the selected area. +any $ouse dra"s of different len"ths and directions can be co$bined to achieve the desired results. ,he 2undo last3 button will re$ove the $ost recent stretch (u to the last <II). /hen finished! you can select another area and do so$e $ore war in"! or select 2done3 to exit the function. ,he $ethod used li$its loss of resolution fro$ re eated war s& for each war ste ! the total $ove$ent of each ixel is accu$ulated and the ori"inal i$a"e is war ed to the latest ixel ositions. ,he ixels are inter olated to reduce >a""ies and i$ rove shar ness.

War* I!age <curved= ,his function is useful to correct ers ective roble$s (see also .Unbend.). @ra" the i$a"e fro$ any osition! usin" the $ouse. ,he entire i$a"e will be ulled or ushed in the direction of the $ouse! but areas near the $ouse are $oved $ore than $ore distant areas. 1ou can strai"hten curved lines or deliberately curve the i$a"e.

War* I!age <linear= ,his function is useful to correct ers ective roble$s (see also .Unbend.). @ra" the i$a"e fro$ any osition! usin" the $ouse. ,he entire i$a"e will be ulled or ushed in the direction of the $ouse! but areas near the $ouse are $oved $ore than $ore distant areas. 1ou can strai"hten curved lines or deliberately curve the i$a"e. ,his function wor(s over a broader area than the curved war and causes less i$a"e curvature. ,o $ini$i0e the addition of curvature! ull only on the i$a"e corners.

War* I!age <a""ine= ,his function can be used to war an i$a"e in interestin" ways. @ra" the i$a"e fro$ a corner or ed"e usin" the $ouse. ,he chan"es are urely linear so strai"ht lines re$ain strai"ht. ,his transfor$ is called .affine.. ,echnical details can be found with Goo"le.

0rt -enu
Color +e*th ,his function chan"es the nor$al <G bits er 5G7 color (red! "reen! blue) to any value between < and <G bits er color. ;t P bits er color! there are <G.P $illion total color co$binations. ;t M bits er color there are only MIAG total colors. Use <:M bits for an interestin" . oster. effect.

+ra&ing ,his function transfor$s a hoto into a blac( and white hi"h:contrast i$a"e or into a line drawin" where only the ed"es of ob>ects are shown as blac( lines on white bac("round or white lines on blac( bac("round. ,he slidin" control .contrast. will dee en dar( areas to blac(. ,he slidin" control .threshold. will convert the i$a"e fro$ "ray:scale to blac( and white. ,he slidin" control .outlines. will hi"hli"ht hi"h:contrast ixels (ed"es of ob>ects) and su ress low:contrast ixels. ,his can be blac( on white or white on blac(! de endin" on the selection of the radio buttons . encil. and .chal(.. +ani ulate both .threshold. and .outlines. to find the best balance.

Outlines ,his function transfor$s a hoto into a colori0ed line drawin" showin" outlines of ob>ects within the i$a"e. =d"es (shar transitions in bri"htness or color) in the i$a"e are bri"htened! and the rest of the i$a"e is dar(ened. ,here are three slidin" controls. *utline threshold& re"ulates how bri"ht an ed"e $ust be in order to "et enhanced! fro$ .show no ed"es. at the low end to .show all ed"es. (even faint ones) at the hi"h end. *utline width& the width of the enhanced ed"es! fro$ <: ixel to about J ixels. #$a"e bri"htness& the bri"htness of the i$a"e itself! fro$ dar( (show only the outlines) to full bri"htness.

(!%ossing ,his function transfor$s a hoto into a si$ulated relief or e$bossed i$a"e. ,he .radius. settin" deter$ines the feature si0e or level of detail. ,he .de th. settin" deter$ines how dee the features "o into the surface.

#iles ,his function transfor$s a hoto into an array of lar"e $onocolor tiles. 1ou can control the tile si0e and the thic(ness of the s ace between tiles (caul(! "rout). ,his is also called . ixelate. or . ixeli0e.. Use Select ;rea to confine the transfor$ to a li$ited area! such as a face.

+ots ,his function transfor$s a hoto into a array of dots! li(e old:fashioned co$ic boo( ictures or 5oy Lichtenstein aintin"s. ,he only control is the dot si0e. ;lso ex eri$ent with usin" color saturation! color de th! or other functions before usin" @ots.

,ainting ,his function transfor$ a hoto into so$ethin" loo(in" $ore li(e a aintin". #t reduces the nu$ber of colors! $a s each conti"uous ixel area havin" the sa$e color! and then consolidates s$aller areas into ad>acent lar"er areas havin" the best color $atch. Four user settin"s control this rocess& .color de th. sets the nu$ber of colors to be used (bits er 5G7 color). < T P colors! D T GM colors ... J T 3DHGP colors? .tar"et "rou area. sets a lower li$it for areas that will have their own color& areas s$aller than this nu$ber of ixels will be absorbed into an ad>acent area with the nearest color $atch? .re). color $atch. sets the $ini$u$ color $atch re)uired for a s$aller area to be consolidated into an ad>acent lar"er area& I T don%t care ($axi$u$ consolidation)! <II T erfect $atch re)uired (no consolidation)? .borders. deter$ines whether the colored areas will be delineated with a thin blac( border! li(e irre"ular tiles in a $osaic. ;fter usin" this function! usin" the =$bossin" function can add interestin" texture to the i$a"e.

Co!%ine -enu
-a'e a 1igh +yna!ic /ange I!age (E@5) 8o$bine (overlay) $ulti le i$a"es of the sa$e sub>ect with different ex osure levels. ,he co$bined i$a"e can show i$ roved visibility of detail in both the dar(er and bri"hter areas! in effect usin" ixels fro$ the bri"hter i$a"es for the dar(er areas! and fro$ the dar(er i$a"es for the bri"hter areas. +any di"ital ca$eras do ex osure brac(etin"& ta(e $ulti le shots in )uic( succession with different ex osure levels. 1ou can co$bine such i$a"es to $a(e a better one. #f the ca$era is ad>usted $anually between shots! ta(e care to (ee it level and ai$ at the sa$e distant oint. So$e $isali"n$ent of the two i$a"es can be tolerated. #f thin"s $ove between shots! fu00iness and "hostin" cannot be avoided.

Select the E@5 $enu function. ; file o en dialo" is started to select u to A i$a"e files! which $ust all have nearly the sa$e ixel di$ensions. ,he i$a"es are ali"ned and co$bined auto$atically! which $ay need a $inute or $ore. /hen done! the co$bined i$a"e is shown! alon" with a dialo" for $anual ad>ust$ents. ,he contributions fro$ the in ut i$a"es are shown as a series of editable curves. ,he hori0ontal scale re resents ixel bri"htness! fro$ dar( to bri"ht white. =ach curve re resents an i$a"e which contributes to the ixels. ,he i$a"e contribution at a "iven bri"htness level is ro ortional to the hei"ht of its curve at that level. ,he initial curve for the bri"htest i$a"e will be hi"h on the left and low on the ri"ht! $eanin" a hi"h contribution to dar( ixels and a low contribution to bri"ht ixels. ,he dar(est i$a"e will be low on the left and hi"h on the ri"ht! and the re$ainin" i$a"es will be in:between. ,he curves can be edited by dra""in" the$ with the $ouse. ,he anchor oints (s$all s)uares on a curve) can be ulled around while others re$ain fixed. ,he corres ondin" i$a"e contributions are chan"ed accordin"ly! and you can see the results in )uasi:real:ti$e in the out ut i$a"e. 5i"ht:clic( on an anchor oint to re$ove it. #n "eneral! the bri"htest i$a"e should have a hi"her contribution to the dar(er ixels! and the dar(est i$a"e a hi"her contribution to the bri"hter ixels. 1ou will li(ely need ractice to beco$e effective at wor(in" the curves.

; faster and easier alternative $ay wor( as well& after the i$a"es are co$bined! i"nore the curves and exit fro$ E@5. Use various edit functions to refine the i$a"e& Flatten! =x and 7ri"htness! 7ri"htness'8olor! and ,one +a in". Select ;rea can be used to enclose any area in the i$a"e which needs $ore bri"htness! color! or local contrast! so you can a ly different $ethods and ara$eters to different areas.

-a'e a 1igh +e*th o" Field I!age <1+F= 8o$bine (overlay) $ulti le hotos of the sa$e sub>ect with different focus settin"s fro$ near to far. @ifferent arts of the sub>ect are in shar focus in each i$a"e. 8o$bine the i$a"es so that all arts of the sub>ect are shar . ,his techni)ue is $ost useful for extre$e close:u s. +a(in" the hotos& choose a oint for the center of the i$a"e. ;i$ the ca$era at a near ob>ect and de ress the shutter button <'D way to set the focus on this ob>ect. Eold the button at the <'D osition! ai$ the ca$era at the chosen center! and sna the hoto. Now choose a farther ob>ect and do the sa$e. 5e eat with increasin" focus distance. Eo efully each art of the sub>ect is shar in at least one hoto. ,he ca$era osition should be very nearly the sa$e for all hotos! which can be a challen"e when the sub>ect is very close. 8a$era $ove$ent can cause scalin" and arallax roble$s (nearer ob>ects shifted a"ainst farther ob>ects). Such roble$s $ay be fixable later in Fotoxx! but this $ay re)uire considerable ti$e. #t is better to avoid the roble$s.

Processin" the hotos& in Fotoxx! choose the E@F $enu function and select u to A i$a"es. ,he i$a"es will now be ali"ned as well as ossible. ,his $ay ta(e a $inute or $ore er i$a"e! de endin" on i$a"e si0e and 8PU s eed. ,he out ut i$a"e is an even $ix of the ali"ned in ut i$a"es. ; s$all a$ount of ca$era $ove$ent between the hotos is co$ ensated! but this is li$ited! and arallax shifts are not co$ ensated at all. /hen the ali"n$ent is co$ lete! a dialo" o ens. 1ou can select any in ut i$a"e and . aint. with the $ouse on any area of the out ut i$a"e. ,his converts the ori"inal i$a"e $ix to the selected i$a"e for the area bein" ainted. For each area or ob>ect in the i$a"e! choose an in ut i$a"e that is shar in that area. ,he radius of the aintbrush can set lar"er or s$aller! so you can aint lar"e areas )uic(ly and control fine detail when needed. #f you have overla in" near and far ob>ects! ti$e and atience will be needed to $a(e all of the$ shar . Unchec( .$y $ouse. to 0oo$ or scroll the i$a"e! and re:chec( to resu$e aintin". +isali"n$ents can be corrected by selectin" the .war . o tion in the dialo". ,he underlyin" i$a"es can then be dra""ed and war ed with the $ouse! and the co$ osite out ut i$a"e is chan"ed accordin"ly. ,he war is li$ited to the area around the $ouse. /hen a ainted area is dra""ed! the corres ondin" i$a"e is auto$atically selected and dra""ed! while areas ainted with other i$a"es re$ain fixed. ;reas that have not been ainted cannot be dra""ed. +ove around to different areas and $a(e incre$ental dra"s until all areas are ali"ned.

Suggested Wor'"lo&) Usin" aint $ode! choose each i$a"e in se)uence and aint all areas that loo( shar with that i$a"e. ;ny boundaries that are not well:ali"ned will show u clearly as shifts in the ed"es of ob>ects in the i$a"e. So$e of these can be $ade uni$ ortant by chan"in" the i$a"e used for aintin" (if $ore than one i$a"e is shar enou"h). Usin" war $ode! $a(e fine ad>ust$ents as needed to eli$inate visible shifts.

Stac' : ,aint 8o$bine (overlay) $ulti le hotos of the sa$e sub>ect ta(en at different ti$es. 5e$ove tourists and cars that co$e and "o between shots by aintin" the$ away with the $ouse. +a(in" the hotos& ai$ the ca$era at the sa$e distant oint and ta(e $ulti le hotos as tourists or cars $ove in front of the sub>ect. ,ry to "et at least one hoto with each art of the sub>ect not obscured by the $ovin" ob>ects. Processin" the hotos& in Fotoxx! choose the Stac( ' Paint $enu function and select u to A i$a"es. ,he i$a"es will now be ali"ned as well as ossible. ,his $ay ta(e a $inute or $ore er i$a"e! de endin" on i$a"e si0e and 8PU s eed. ,he out ut i$a"e is an even $ix of the ali"ned in ut i$a"es. /hen the ali"n$ent is co$ lete! a dialo" o ens. 1ou can select any in ut i$a"e and . aint. with the $ouse on any area of the out ut i$a"e. ,his converts the ori"inal i$a"e $ix to the selected i$a"e for the area bein" ainted. For each area in the i$a"e! choose an in ut i$a"e that is free fro$ the $ovin" ob>ects. ,he radius of the aintbrush can set lar"er or s$aller! so you can aint lar"e areas )uic(ly and control fine detail when needed. Unchec( .$y $ouse. to 0oo$ or scroll the i$a"e! and re:chec( to resu$e aintin".

Stac' : 3oise ,his function co$bines D:A i$a"es ( hotos) of the sa$e sub>ect. ,he hotos should be nearly the sa$e! exce t for s$all offsets caused by a hand:held ca$era. #f the hotos were $ade with a very hi"h #S* settin" (low li"ht conditions)! the ixels will have considerable noise. 7y $a(in" $any hotos and avera"in" the$! the noise can be $ostly eli$inated.

+a(in" the hotos& choose a oint for the center of the i$a"e. ,a(e several hotos usin" the sa$e center and bein" careful not to shift or rotate the ca$era too $uch. ,he $ore hotos the better. U to nine can be used with Fotoxx! but you can ta(e $ore in order to have so$e to discard if they are not shar ! a co$$on roble$ with low li"ht conditions and lon" ex osure ti$es. #n Fotoxx! chose the Stac( ' Noise function and select u to nine i$a"e files. ,hey will be co$bined auto$atically and shown! and then a dialo" will o en. ,he initial out ut i$a"e is a co$bination of all the selected in ut i$a"es! avera"ed to"ether. ,his $eans that the 5G7 values for each out ut ixel are the avera"e of the 5G7 values for the corres ondin" in ut ixels. ; few alternative tools can be used to ossibly reduce the re$ainin" noise a little $ore. ,he .use $edian. button will chan"e the out ut ixels fro$ an avera"e of the in ut ixels to the $edian of the in ut ixels (<:3 .$iddle. 5G7 values are avera"ed! de endin" on the nu$ber of i$a"es). ,his $ay or $ay not be better! so switch bac( and forth to co$ are (the screen u date $ay need several seconds). ,he chec(boxes for .o$it low ixel. and .o$it hi"h ixel. will cause the lowest and hi"hest 5G7 in ut values to be discarded before the avera"e is calculated. ,his $ay hel to "et noise s i(es re$oved fro$ the $ix. ,his has no effect if the $edian $ethod is selected.

-a'e a ,anora!a I!age ,his function stitches D:M i$a"es to"ether to $a(e a wide i$a"e or anora$a. ,he i$a"es $ust overla by <JO or $ore! so that the ro"ra$ can find where they coincide and ut the$ to"ether. Usin" the anora$a $enu function! select D:M i$a"e files. ,he i$a"es are initially >oined and shown with a s$all trans arent overla . ; re:ali"n dialo" as(s you to dra" the i$a"es into rou"h ali"n$ent. @ra" the i$a"es into the correct left to ri"ht order! if needed. ,he i$a"e to dra" $ay overla other i$a"es. ,o be clear about which i$a"e is bein" dra""ed! dra" fro$ near the center of the i$a"e. ;fter the i$a"es are in the correct order! ali"n each i$a"e to its left nei"hbor. #t wor(s best to roceed fro$ left to ri"ht. +ove an i$a"e hori0ontally and vertically into rou"h ali"n$ent with its nei"hbor to the left! then rotate the i$a"e if needed by dra""in" its botto$ ed"e. ,he i$a"e ivots around the $id: oint of its overla with the i$a"e to the left. ,he fastest $ethod is to ali"n the overla $iddle re"ion first! then rotate the ri"ht i$a"e if needed to brin" the u er and lower overla re"ions into ali"n$ent. =xtre$e accuracy is not needed. Use the 2resi0e3 button to "et a bi""er co$bined i$a"e after $ovin" the$ closer to"ether. ,he i$a"es should be correctly curved and fit to"ether well. #f they do not fit! you need to set the lens ara$eters as described ,ools 6 Lens Para$eters ( lin'). 1ou can ad>ust these ara$eters within the re:ali"n dialo" until the i$a"es fit reasonably well! and this $ay be "ood enou"h. ,he lens $$ ara$eter (focal len"th! 3J$$ e)uivalent) is obtained fro$ the =F#F data if available. ,he lens bow ara$eter (barrel distortion) $ust be ad>usted $anually! but this is often insi"nificant and can be left at 0ero.

Press 2 roceed3 when rou"h ali"n$ent is finished! and the ro"ra$ will do fine ali"n$ent and >oin the i$a"es. #nternally! the i$a"es are shifted and rotated and the de"ree of $atch is evaluated. ,his is done with increasin" i$a"e si0es until the best $atch is found within a fraction of a ixel. ,his $ay ta(e fro$ <I seconds to a $inute or $ore er i$a"e! de endin" on 8PU s eed and i$a"e si0e. /hen fine ali"n$ent is co$ lete! the co$bined i$a"e is dis layed. ; dialo" o s u for fine ad>ust$ent of bri"htness and color $atch. 1ou $ay see a shar border because the i$a"es do not have the sa$e bri"htness and color balance. ,he 2auto color3 button can be used to erfor$ an auto$atic color $atch! which is usually the best startin" oint. ,he other controls allow you to $a(e additional chan"es to better $atch the i$a"es. 8han"e the values for bri"htness and color

and ress the 2a ly3 button to see the results. Use 2auto color3 to $atch the other i$a"es to the one chan"ed. Use 2file color3 to restore the ori"inal values fro$ the in ut i$a"es. ,he .blend width. in ut "overns how the i$a"es are blended to"ether& at the i$a"e >oints! the color balance is "radually shifted over this $any ixels! to $as( i$balances that cannot be fully corrected. ,he default is < ixel! which $a(es any bri"htness or color differences loo( obvious. /hen done! you can use unbend! i$a"e war ! rotate! tri$! and other functions for final ad>ust$ents. 6ertical ,anora!a ,his function wor(s the sa$e as hori0ontal anora$a! exce t that the i$a"es are arran"ed vertically. ,o chan"e the order of the i$a"es! dra" the$ fro$ near their centers. ,o rotate an i$a"e! dra" the ri"ht ed"e u or down. #t is best to ali"n fro$ the to down. Scanned I!ages Scanned i$a"es can be co$bined if there is enou"h overla . Set the lens $$ ara$eter to the $axi$u$ value! since there is no curvature in scanned i$a"es. ,anora!a Li!itations Panora$as includin" nearby ob>ects can be tric(y& when the hotos are $ade! be careful to turn the ca$era on an axis throu"h the lens! with $ini$u$ lateral $ove$ent! otherwise the i$a"es $ay ali"n oorly due to shiftin" fore"round ob>ects ( arallax). ,his is not an issue when the sub>ect is JI9 $eters away! since a s$all lateral $ove$ent has little i$ act on the i$a"e.

,lugins -enu
*ther i$a"e edit ro"ra$s (e.". Gi$ ) can be added to this $enu. ,hey will then wor( li(e any other edit function in Fotoxx. ;fter usin" one of these external ro"ra$s to $odify an i$a"e! you can use the Fotoxx 2Undo3 and 25edo3 buttons to control the results! erfor$ additional edits with Fotoxx! or use 2Save3 or 2Save9F3 to save the edited i$a"e. ,he i$a"e assed by Fotoxx to the external ro"ra$ is a ,#FF file with <G bits er color. +ost ro"ra$s can read this but $ay use only P bits. /hen finished usin" the external editor! save the i$a"e bac( to itself (.save. $enu) and exit the ro"ra$. Fotoxx will then ic( u the revised file and use it as thou"h the edit had been done in Fotoxx. ,o add a new lu"in! use the function Plu"ins 6 =dit Plu"ins. #n ut a $enu na$e (e.". .Gi$ .)! a co$$and to start the ro"ra$ (e.". ."i$ .) and ress the 2;dd3 button. 1ou can also re$ove a lu"in by selectin" it fro$ the list and ressin" the 25e$ove3 button. ,he Plu"ins $enu will not be u dated until the next ti$e Fotoxx is started. ,he lu"ins are saved in a file& 'ho$e'Cuser6'.fotoxx' lu"ins which you can $ani ulate with a text editor if desired. ,his is the only way to chan"e the se)uence of the $enu entries. 7e careful not to screw u the for$at& $enu T co$$and (with exactly one s ace before and after the %T% character).

1el* -enu
0%out ,his dis lays a short $essa"e about the Fotoxx version nu$ber! license! credits! and contact address. User Guide ,he user "uide (this docu$ent) is dis layed (created usin" the /1S#/1G E,+L editor -o$ oNer). /(0+-( @is lays the 5=;@+= file distributed with Fotoxx! which $ay contain new infor$ation about installation or de endencies. /hen you install a new release of Fotoxx! you should loo( at 5=;@+= and the 8han"e Lo" to chec( if there is anythin" s ecial you need to be aware of. Change Log @is lays the chan"e lo" file distributed with Fotoxx! containin" details about functional chan"es! additions! or bu" fixes for the current and revious releases. #ranslate @is lays a short text file which ex lains how to $a(e a new translation or chan"e an existin" one. ,his involves editin" a text file that contains =n"lish text $essa"es with their corres ondin" translations (see technical notes! below). 1o!e ,age Shows the Fotoxx ho$e a"e fro$ the #nternet. Loo( here for ro"ra$ u dates (the a"e na$ed .recent chan"es.). ,his a"e is ublished via 5SS and you can subscribe to "et ti$ely notification of chan"es.

#echnical 3otes
#ranslations See the $enu Eel 6 ,ranslations or the text file ,5;NSL;,#*NS for "uidance on how to $odify an existin" translation or $a(e a new one. ,his is a fairly si$ le rocess& edit a text file with =n"lish text strin"s followed by their corres ondin" translations. See one of the existin" translations as an exa$ le! e.". 'usr'share'fotoxx'locales'de'fotoxx. o (the Ger$an translation). ; new translation for lan"ua"e code xx would be saved at 'usr'share'fotoxx'locales'xx. ;fter $a(in" such a file! you can test it by startin" Fotoxx on the co$$and line& Q fotoxx :l xx. 1ard&are and So"t&are /e?uire!ents Fotoxx wor(s best on a fast co$ uter with at least a "i"abyte of $e$ory. +ulti le 8PU cores are utili0ed for co$ ute intensive functions (e.". shar en! blur! rotate! war ! tone $a in"! E@5! anora$a). Slower co$ uters (noteboo(s) will wor(! but will be )uite slow for so$e functions. +onitors s$aller than <DIIxPII will feel confinin" for so$e functions. ,he ty ical noteboo( screen with li$ited bri"htness and color should N*, be used for i$a"e retouchin". ,rogra!s /e?uired %y Fotoxx Fotoxx re)uires the followin" libraries and ro"ra$s to function at run ti$e&
libtiffM xd":utils exiftool ufraw:batch brasero read and write tiff files! P and <G bits er color o en text or ht$l files with user%s referred a i$ ort raw i$a"e files fro$ a di"ital ca$era burn a 8@ or @B@ with selected i$a"es lication read and write i$a"e $etadata (ta"s! co$$ents! etc.)

,ac'ages /e?uired "or Fotoxx Source .uild See the 5=;@+= file for instructions on co$ ilin" Fotoxx fro$ source. #n addition to the ro"ra$s listed above! the followin" are also needed&
"99 lib"t(D.I:dev libtiffM:dev GNU 899 co$ iler Gno$e G,-'G@-'Pixbuf'etc. develo $ent files tiff library develo $ent files

Note& ac(a"e na$es and exactly which files are included in each ac(a"e are decisions $ade by each Linux distro. ,he above na$es are valid for @ebian:based distros (includin" Ubuntu). For other distros you $ay have to di" to find the ri"ht ac(a"es to install.

Co!!and Line O*tions

:v '...'i$a"efile.> " :recent (or :r) : rev (or : ) :lan" lcK58 :slideshow '...'i$a"e<.> " 2 :$usic '...' laylist. ls 3 out ut version and build date and exit initial i$a"e directory or i$a"e file to o en show a "allery of recent files! $ost recent at the to show the last file viewed in the revious session lan"ua"e code (9 o t. re"ion code) to use for GU# (de! deK;,! fr ...) start a slide show usin" i$a"e< and followin" i$a"es o tional $usic laylist for slide show

Status .ar In"or!ation =xa$ le& 8PU <D3O <D3MxAPHxDM I.MJ+7 JGO edits& 3 $enu loc(ed area active
8PU <D3O <D3MxAPHxP I.MJ+7 JGO edits& 3 $enu loc(ed area active current Fotoxx rocess 8PU loadin" for all threads i$a"e width x hei"ht x de th (bits er color) i$a"e file si0e (u dated when a $odified i$a"e is saved) 0oo$ status! i$a"e O si0e 3 edits have been $ade and can be reversed with the 2undo3 button an edit function is active? other edit functions are bloc(ed a select area is resent and enabled : edits are confined within the area

File #y*es Su**orted Fotoxx uses two libraries to su ort readin" and writin" of i$a"e files& the G@- ixbuf library and libtiff. Pixbuf su orts 4P=G! PNG! #8* and 7+P files! all with 3 5G7 colors and P bits er color. Libtiff su orts ,#FF files with <:bit de th (blac('white)! P:bit and <G:bit "rayscale! and 3 5G7 colors with P or <G bits er color. *ther ,#FF for$ats are not su orted by Fotoxx! althou"h they could be added if there is a need. 7lac('white and "rayscale i$a"es are treated as 5G7 inside Fotoxx! with all 5G7 colors havin" the sa$e value (shades of "ray). Fotoxx converts ca$era 5;/ files to ,#FF 5G7 with <G bits er color! usin" the ro"ra$ ufraw:batch. -issing #ool%ar .utton #ext ,his is a Gno$e confi"uration issue. ,he default varies with the hase of the $oon. * en a ter$inal window and "ive the co$$and ."conf:editor.. #n the dialo"! select des(to 6 "no$e 6 interface. Set the toolbar style to .both.! $eanin" icons and text. Color +e*th P:bit color (DJG bri"htness levels)! as su orted by 4P=G files! is the nor$ for i$a"e files and is usually ade)uate. L8@ $onitors are li$ited to P:bits! and the effective bri"htness ran"e for hoto a er is less than P bits. *ne bri"htness ste (avera"in" <'DJG or I.MO over the "a$$a ran"e) is very hard to see. <G:bit color can be useful if a narrow bri"htness ran"e within an i$a"e has been "reatly ex anded (via various retouchin" functions). ,his ex ansion can lead to visible .bandin". or . ic(et fence distribution.. #f the i$a"e was converted fro$ 5;/ to <G:bit tiff before editin"! this roble$ can be reduced! even when the i$a"e is converted bac( to P bits for stora"e (4P=G) or dis lay on a $onitor.

0lign!ent 0lgorith! (E@5! E@F! Stac(! Panora$a) 5elatively few hi"h:contrast or .ed"e. ixels are selected to control ali"n$ent in E@5! E@F! Stac( and Panora$a. ,he actual ixels used are shown in red durin" the ali"n$ent rocess! which is also entertainin". =ach i$a"e in succession is syste$atically war ed various s$all a$ounts and the fit with the revious or ad>oinin" i$a"e is tested. ,his is done because two hotos $ade with sli"htly different hori0ons or rotations will not fit erfectly with si$ le translation and rotation. ;lso the cylindrical i$a"e ro>ection used for anora$as is only an a roxi$ation of what the ca$era lens actually does. #one -a**ing 0lgorith! ,he $ethod used by Fotoxx is ho$e:$ade! but ins ired by Fattal and other "radient:based $ethods. #t is not as effective as fattal in so$e cases! but close. *n the other hand! Fotoxx is both fast and si$ le. 0l*ha Channels #$a"es havin" al ha channels (trans arency infor$ation) can be rocessed! but the al ha channel is lost when the rocessed i$a"e file is saved. I!age +eterioration Fro! /e*eated (diting #f you save an edited i$a"e file and then use this file later to erfor$ additional edits! ixel resolution $ay be lost. #t is better if you do all edits when the i$a"e files are first rocessed! to $ini$i0e i$a"e deterioration (or "o bac( to the ori"inals if you still have the$). ,he followin" edit functions reduce resolution about <'D ixel! and this error can accu$ulate if you save and o en the i$a"e file between edits& rotate (other than AI de"rees)! E@5! E@F! stac(! anora$a! unbend! war . 5esi0e to a s$aller si0e will of course reduce resolution! but usin" the fraction <'D! <'3! or <'M "ives the best results. ,he followin" functions do not reduce resolution& white balance! flatten! bri"htness'color! bri"htness ra$ ! ex and! tone $a in"! red eye! shar en! reduce noise! tri$! fli ! and all art functions. I!age +eterioration Fro! /e*eated Saving 5eadin" a co$ ressed 4P=G i$a"e and savin" it a"ain does lead to so$e deterioration! but the effect is ne"li"ible : at least with the 4P=G al"orith$ used by Fotoxx (G,- Pixbuf library) and with 4P=G:)uality set to a hi"h value. # read and saved a 4P=G i$a"e DI ti$es usin" a )uality of AI. ; ra id ;&7 co$ arison with the ori"inal i$a"e showed a sli"ht reduction in the bri"htness of the bri"htest colors! and no detectable loss of resolution. ,he ,#FF and PNG for$ats are lossless and therefore have no deterioration. ,hey are only s ace ho"s. (@IF (rrors 8a$eras (es . older ones) do not always roduce structurally correct =F#F data! and the ro"ra$ exiftool (used by Fotoxx to $ani ulate =F#F data) $ay roduce error $essa"es. # have been able to fix these cases by savin" the i$a"e file on to of itself! which will re lace the =F#F data with whatever exiftool was able to read correctly. #f ta"s "et lost! you $ust restore the$ $anually.

3e&line characters in User Co!!ents or Ca*tions /hen editin" User 8o$$ents or 8a tions! if you need to ali"n text in colu$ns! you can use the 2enter3 (ey to force new lines. ,hese are converted into the strin" .Un. before bein" stored in i$a"e =F#F'#P,8 data! since newline characters are not allowed (exiftool converts the$ into eriods). #f the text is viewed or edited a"ain! the .Un. strin"s are converted bac( to new lines! so that the ori"inal text ali"n$ents are restored. ,his is not standard! so don%t ex ect the text to re$ain ali"ned if viewed in Photosho ! etc. #f this is a re)uire$ent! then do not use the enter (ey to $a(e new lines when enterin" lon" text : >ust let the text overflow to the next line by itself. Standard #rash +irectory #f the Fotoxx 2trash3 $enu and toolbar button does not ut trashed i$a"e files into the standard wastebas(et (where they are also recoverable usin" the GU# wastebas(et browser)! you $ay be able to fix this yourself. #f your i$a"e files are not on the 'ho$e dis(! there $ay be no wastbas(et directory by default. 1ou can add one yourself followin" this exa$ le& if the dis( containin" i$a"e files is $ounted at 'i$a"es and your U#@ is <III! there should be a directory na$ed 'i$a"es'.,rash:<III! owned by U#@ <III! with full er$issions for U#@ <III. ,he standard trash function will ut trashed files there. ;dd this directory $anually if it is not there. ,his $ay fix the roble$. S*ecial Fotoxx Files ,he followin" files reside in 'ho$e'Cuser6'.fotoxx'. ,he searchKindex file du licates data contained in the =F#F and #P,8 $etadata within the i$a"e files. #t is there because it can be read <III ti$es faster than readin" the i$a"e files.
'annotations' 'collections' 'savedKareas' 'savedKcurves fotoxx.lo" ara$eters rintfile.> " recentKfiles searchKresults ta"sKdefined searchKindex 0dialo"K ositions annotations saved fro$ ,ransfor$ 6 ;nnotate #$a"e i$a"e collections fro$ File 6 Save #$a"e 8ollection .cutout. files saved fro$ the Select 6 Save dialo" curve data saved fro$ 5etouch curve edit dialo"s Fotoxx out uts that $ay be relevant for dia"nosin" roble$s setu ara$eters that are saved across Fotoxx sessions the last file rinted with Fotoxx a list of the last <II files o ened by Fotoxx! saved when Fotoxx exits a list of the last i$a"e files found with #nfo 6 Search #$a"es a list of all cate"ories and ta"s currently used in all i$a"es a lar"e text file containin" searchable data for all i$a"e files saved dialo" window ositions (/5, $ain window)

Source Code ,he 899 source code is heavily co$$ented in the ho e that others can understand and use the code for their own ro>ects. #f you have a technical )uestion about how so$ethin" wor(s! or a better idea to ass alon"! you can contact $e.

Auestions and ,ro%le!s #f you have a )uestion or run into a roble$! you $ay contact $e. #f you send $e any i$a"es that wor( oorly! # can use these to try to i$ rove Fotoxx. #f there is a tracebac( du$ on the screen! or error $essa"es in the lo" file 'ho$e'Cuser6'.fotoxx'fotoxx.lo"! lease send these also. Please ex lain exactly how to roduce the error! and what version of Fotoxx and what Linux flavor you are usin". 1o& to get a trace%ac' &ith source code line nu!%ers #f you have a .crash. roble$! it is $uch easier for $e to debu" and fix if # can "et a tracebac( with source code line nu$bers. Eere is a $ethod to roduce this tracebac(& #n a ter$inal! run the co$$and& "db fotoxx. Fotoxx will start under control of the Gnu debu""er ro"ra$& "db. #n Fotoxx! do whatever $a(es it crash. ,he "db ro"ra$ will say it crashed. #n "db! enter the co$$and .bac(trace.. ;fter this! enter .). ()uit) and .y. (yes! really )uit). 8o y all the "db out ut fro$ the ter$inal window! aste into an e:$ail $essa"e and send it to $e (e:$ail)! alon" with a descri tion of what you did leadin" to the crash. #echnical /e"erence .oo' # reco$$end the boo( .#ntroduction to #$a"e Processin" and ;nalysis. by 5uss and 5uss! 858 Press. #t is clear and concise. ,he followin" al"orith$s were ada ted fro$ this boo(& flatten bri"htness distribution! unshar $as(! noise reduction ($edian s$oothin"! to hat)! si$ulated e$bossin". ,he affine transfor$ $ethod for i$a"e war in" and rotation was found via Goo"le. 0c'no&ledge!ents ,he ro"ra$s li%ti""9 u"ra&! exi"tool and %rasero have hel ed Fotoxx evolve $uch faster than otherwise ossible. *f course this also a lies to G#2! G+2! the *ix%u" library! the G3U tools and libraries! and the entire G3U:Linux ecosyste$. ,han(s to those who have donated their ti$e for translations and testin" (see Eel 6 ;bout)! and those who have donated their ideas for develo $ent.

User Guide Changes "or v.11.10

<. D. 3. M. J. G. H. Gettin" Started& #nstallation and #nitiali0ation chan"es for Synchroni0e Files. Save #$a"e File& new functionality to warn about overwritin" an ori"inal file. Print #$a"e File& revised to $atch revised functionality. Slide Show& new o tion to show only the latest version of each i$a"e file. Ga$$a 8urve& new to ic! added after 7ri"htness'8olor. Strai"hten #$a"e& new to ic! added after Unbend #$a"e. Slide Show& a sentence was added to ex lain ause'resu$e via s acebar.