Table of Contents Approval Sheet Acknowledgement Preface Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Annexes Abstract

CHAPT ! " CHAPT ! "" A* -* C* %* * F* )* H* "#T!$%&CT"$# '"L"TA!( ) $)!APH"C "#T LL") #C Location+ Si,e+ Shape and -oundaries Coast and landing -eaches .eather and Climate Topograph/ &rban Area 'ilitar/ )eographic regions Strategic Areas+ Approaches and "nternal !outes Anal/sis 0* Capabilities 1* 2ulnerabilities

3* Probable Courses of Action CHAPT ! """ A* -* C* %* * F* )* H* "* T!A#SP$!TAT"$# A#% C$''&#"CAT"$# "#T LL") #C 'a4or Forms of Transportation !ailwa/s !oad Pipelines "nland .aterwa/s $cean Transportation+ Ports and Harbor Air transport Telecommunication Anal/sis a* Capabilities b* 2ulnerabilities c* Probable Courses of Action CHAPT ! "2 A* -* C* %* * C$#$'"C "#T LL") #C Agriculture "ndustr/ Trade #atural Factor Anal/sis a* Capabilities b* 2ulnerabilities c* Probable Courses of Action CHAPT ! 2 A* S$C"$L$)"CAL "#T LL") #C Population and 'anpower

-* C* %* * F* )*

Labor Public .elfare Characteristics of the People ducation !eligion Anal/sis a* Capabilities b* 2ulnerabilities c* Probable Courses of Action

CHAPT ! 2" A* -* C* %* * F* )* H* "* 5* 6* L*

P$L"T"CAL "#T LL") #C -asic Principles of )overnment lectoral S/stem Provincial and Local )overnment Civil Service Pressure )roups )overnment in Practice Subversion %omestic Polic/ Foreign Polic/ Colonial Polic/ #arcotics and Terrorism Anal/sis a* Capabilities b* 2ulnerabilities c* Probable Courses of Action

CHAPT ! 2""

-"$)!APH"CAL "#T LL") #C

CHAPT ! 2""" A* -* C* %* * F*

A!' % F$!C S "#T LL") #C Administration and $rgani,ation Si,e of the Armed Forces Strength of the Armed Forces $rder of -attle "ntelligence Strategies and %efenses Anal/sis a* Capabilities b* 2ulnerabilities c* Probable Courses of Action

CHAPT ! "7 A* -* C* %* * F*

SC" #T"F"C A#% T CH#"CAL "#T LL") #C #ew .eapons #uclear .arfare Chemical and -iological .arfare "ntelligence Targets and Atomic nerg/ Fields $ther Scientific %evelopments Anal/sis a* Capabilities b* 2ulnerabilities c* Probable Courses of Action

CHAPT ! 7 A## 7 S -"-L"$)!APH(

ASS SS' #T

L"ST $F F")&! S

F")&! S 1. 2. 3 8 ; < = : A 09 00 01 03 08 0; 0< 0= 0: 0A 19 10 22 13 18 1; 1< 'ap of Australia Political 'ap Australia Topographical 'ap of Australia 'aximum Seasonal Temperature $utlook 199: 'inimum Seasonal Temperature $utlook 199: Federal Legislative -uilding $ld and new Parliament building Canberra Federal Supreme Court %ome >?????? find out@ >AS"$@ HeadBuarters in Canberra Australian "ntelligence Communit/ Australian "ntelligence Agencies Australia &ranium 'apping &ranium 'ine Sites Cueen li,abeth "" Prime 'inister 6evin !udd Senate President Alan -aird F !)&S$# %eput/ Prime 'inister 5ulia ileen )illard %efence 'inister 5oel Fit,gibbon Speaker Harr/ 5enkins 'P Secretar/ of %efence #ick .arner 'inistr/ for %efence Science and Personnel .arren dward Snowdon Chief of the %efence Force >C%F@ Allan )rant >Angus@ Houston 2ice Chief %efence Force Lt )eneral 6en )illespie+ A$+ %SC+ CS'* Chief #av/ D 2ice Admiral Shalders Chief Arm/ D Lt )eneral Peter Leah/ Chief Air Force D Air 'arshal )eoff Shepherd

L"ST $F TA-L S

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Comparative terminologies Premiers of #ational States Politics of Australia

Air -urst Targets in Australia >??????@

L"ST $F APP #%"C S THE AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTION COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT WHITE PAPER FOREIGN AND TRADE POLICY AUSTRALIA'S OVERSEAS AID PROGRAM AUSTRALIA-RUSSIA NUCLEAR COOPERATION AGREEMENT

A-ST!ACT

AustraliaEan overview 0 Australia is the onl/ nation to govern an entire continent* The countr/ is highl/ industriali,ed+ having rich natural resources suitable for economic growth and development* The countr/ is stable+ culturall/ diverse and democratic societ/ with a skilled workforce and a strong+ competitive econom/* AustraliaFs population includes Aboriginal and Torres Strait "slander peoples and migrants from some 199 countries* "n almost <9 /ears of planned postDwar migration+ Australia has welcomed more than <*; million migrants+ including more than <<9 999 refugees* From about = million people+ the number tripled+ now having a population of almost 19*< million+ ranked number ;8 in the world*
1

Australia has a strong democrac/ that reflects the -ritish and #orth American models of liberal democrac/+ but has uniBuel/ Australian features* Australia is rated 3rd among nglishDspeaking countries has a wellDdeveloped education s/stem with participation rates among the highest in the world* Australian Armed Forces is recogni,ed as one of the most modern in world* AustraliaFs contribution to the international coalition against terrorism includes diplomatic+ legal+ police and intelligence cooperation* "t assists in financial and border controls+ as well as direct militar/ activities* AustraliaFs relationships with regional and international partners pla/ an important role in protecting its people+ assets+ infrastructure and border to counter terrorism and protect AustraliaFs national securit/*

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< Internet> Retrieved April 13, 2008 from http://www.dfat.gov.a /ai!/overview.html < Internet> Retrieved "a# 03, 2008 from http://world.!#map.org/$op lation.html

AustraliaFs aid program aims to help people in developing countries to lift themselves out of povert/ and responds Buickl/ when disaster strikes* The primar/ focus is the AsiaGPacific region+ which has the worldFs highest concentration of people living in povert/* Australia is one of the few countries belonging to the $rganisation for conomic CoDoperation and %evelopment >$ C%@ where general government net debt has been eliminated* The Australian coat of arms was granted b/ 6ing )eorge 2 in 0A01* "t consists of a shield containing the badges of the six Australian states+ s/mbolising federation+ and the national s/mbols of the golden wattle+ the kangaroo and the emu* -/ popular tradition+ the kangaroo is accepted as the national animal emblem* The golden wattle+ Acacia pycnantha Benth+ was proclaimed the national floral emblem in August 0A::*

CHAPTER I "#T!$%&CT"$# %escription of the flag of Australia H Iblue with the flag of the &6 in the upper hoistDside Buadrant and a large sevenDpointed star in the lower hoistDside Buadrant known as the Commonwealth Star+ representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 0A90J the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of AustraliaKs internal and external territoriesJ the remaining half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small fiveDpointed star and four larger+ sevenDpointed starsI*
3

Australia+ island continent located southeast of Asia and forming+ with the nearb/ island of Tasmania+ the Commonwealth of Australia+ a selfDgoverning member of the Commonwealth of #ations* The continent is bounded on the north b/ the Timor Sea+ the Arafura Sea+ and the Torres StraitJ on the east b/ the Coral Sea and the Tasman SeaJ on the south b/ the -ass Strait and the "ndian $ceanJ and on the west b/ the "ndian $cean* The commonwealth extends about 8+999 km >about 1+;99 mi@ from east to west and about 3+=99 km >about 1+399 mi@ from north to south* The area of the commonwealth is =+<:1+399 sB km >1+A<<+199 sB mi@+ and the area of the continent alone is =+<08+;99 sB km >1+A3A+A=8 sB mi@+ making Australia the smallest continent in the world+ but the sixth largest countr/* The capital of Australia is Canberra+ and the largest cit/ is S/dne/J both are located in the southeast*

Internet> Retrieved April 2%, 2008 from http://www.traveller&point.'om/flag&(large.'fm)'o ntr#*A &tralia

Figure 1 Map o Au!"ra#ia $Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc.1998)

The Commonwealth of Australia is made up of six ><@ statesE#ew South .ales+ Cueensland+ South Australia+ Tasmania+ 2ictoria+ and .estern AustraliaEand two territoriesEthe Australian Capital Territor/ and the #orthern Territor/* The external dependencies of Australia are the Territor/ of Ashmore and Cartier "slands+ the Australian Antarctic Territor/+ Christmas "sland+ the Territor/ of Cocos "slands >also called the 6eeling "slands@+ the Coral Sea "slands Territor/+ the Territor/ of Heard "sland and 'c%onald "slands+ and #orfolk "sland* The most populous state in Australia is #ew South .ales* "t borders the Pacific $cean on the east and the states of 2ictoria on the south+ South Australia on the west+ and Cueensland on the north* The southeastern part of #ew South .ales surrounds the Australian Capital Territor/ >including Canberra@* The state capital+ S/dne/+ is AustraliaKs largest cit/ and one of the worldKs ma4or ports* The state has several universities+ and cultural institutions abound in S/dne/* #ew South .ales covers 39A+039 sBuare miles >:99+<81 sBuare kilometers@+ which is larger than the &*S* states

of Texas and 2irginia combined or about 0 0L1 times the si,e of France Wa#e! 199:@*8

> Ne% Sou"&

2ictoria is one of AustraliaKs smaller statesEwith an area of :=+:9< sBuare miles >11=+80< sBuare kilometers@Eit is nearl/ as big as the &nited 6ingdom* AustraliaKs second most populous state+ 2ictoria also has the countr/Ks second largest cit/+ 'elbourne+ which is the state capital* 2ictoria is bordered b/ the states of South Australia to the west and #ew South .ales across the 'urra/ !iver to the north* -ass Strait separates it from the islandDstate of Tasmania to the south* The Tasman Sea lies to the southeast* 2ictoriaKs rich variet/ of landscapes range from uplands and forested slopes in the east and center to lowlands and sand/ desert in the west and northwest >Vi'"oria( 199:@*; The second largest state in Australia is Cueensland* "t occupies the most tropical part of the continent+ the northeast* "t is bounded b/ the Pacific $cean on the north and east+ the states of #ew South .ales and South Australia on the south+ and the #orthern Territor/ on the west* "ts land area is <<:+19= sBuare miles >0+=39+<8: sBuare kilometers@Eroughl/ that of the &*S* states of Alaska and "daho combined+ or about half the si,e of "ndia* About 8; percent of CueenslandKs population lives in the -risbane area+ on the southeastern coast* -risbane is the state capital* > )uee*!#a*+( 199:@*< .estern Australia is the largest state of Australia and occupies about a third of the continent* "t encompasses some A=<+=A9 sBuare miles >1+;1A+:=; sBuare kilometers@Ean area nearl/ eBuivalent to that of 'exico and the &*S* state of Texas combined* The "ndian $cean lies to its south+ west+ and northwest+ and the Timor Sea shapes its 4agged northern coastline* To the east are the #orthern Territor/ and the state of South Australia* $n the southwestern coast is the state capital+ PerthJ its

<Ref material> New South Wales. , 2008-..ritanni'a /t dent 0i!rar#. Ultimate Reference Suite. 1hi'ago: 2n'#'lop3dia .ritanni'a. 4 <Ref material> Victoria. , 2008-..ritanni'a /t dent 0i!rar#. Ultimate Reference Suite. 1hi'ago: 2n'#'lop3dia .ritanni'a. % <Ref material> Queensland. , 2008-..ritanni'a /t dent 0i!rar#. Ultimate Reference Suite. 1hi'ago: 2n'#'lop3dia .ritanni'a.

metropolitan area is home to nearl/ three fourths of the stateKs population* $We!"er* Au!"ra#ia( 199:@*= South Australia occupies an arid part of the countr/* "t has borders with the state of .estern Australia to the westJ the #orthern Territor/ to the northJ the states of Cueensland+ #ew South .ales+ and 2ictoria to the eastJ and the )reat Australian -ight of the "ndian $cean to the south* "ts land area is 3=A+=1; sBuare miles >A:3+8:1 sBuare kilometers@Eroughl/ four times the si,e of the &*S* state of 'ichigan or the &nited 6ingdom* Adelaide is the state capital and chief port+ and about three fourths of the stateKs people live in its metropolitan area >Sou"& Au!"ra#ia*199:@*: The heartDshaped island of Tasmania is the smallest state of Australia+ but its area of 1<+809 sBuare miles ><:+890 sBuare kilometers@ is almost as large as the countr/ of "relandKs* Hobart+ the state capital and largest cit/+ is located in the southeast*The island of Tasmania is separated from the Australian mainland to the north b/ -ass Strait+ which is about 0;9 miles >189 kilometers@ wide* The state also administers the nearb/ -run/+ 6ing+ and Flinders islands and other smaller islands* These include the subantarctic 'acBuarie "sland+ which has been designated a &# SC$ .orld Heritage site >Ta!,a*ia*199:@*A Aside from the six ><@ states+ there are two $-. i*"er*a# "erri"orie!Ethe #orthern Territor/ and the Australian Capital Territor/+ which contains Canberra+ the countr/Ks capital* Australia also administers !i/ $0. e/"er*a# "erri"orie! H #orfolk "sland+ Coral Sea "slands+ Cocos >6eeling@ "slands+ Christmas "sland+ Ashmore and Cartier "slands+ and Heard "sland and 'c%onald "slands* "n addition+ Australia claims the right to administer a large portion of Antarctica+ called the Australian Antarctic Territor/* The #orthern Territor/ is an administrative division in northern Australia that is similar to a state* "t is home to onl/ about 0 percent of the population of Australia+
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<Ref material> Western Australia. , 1hi'ago: 2n'#'lop3dia .ritanni'a.

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2008-..ritanni'a /t dent 0i!rar#. Ultimate Reference Suite.

<Ref material> South Australia 2008-..ritanni'a /t dent 0i!rar#. Ultimate Reference Suite. 1hi'ago: 2n'#'lop3dia .ritanni'a.
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<Ref > Tasmania. , .ritanni'a.

2008-. .ritanni'a /t dent 0i!rar#. Ultimate Reference Suite. 1hi'ago: 2n'#'lop3dia

though it covers about one sixth of the countr/* The territor/Ks area of ;19+A91 sBuare miles >0+38A+01A sBuare kilometers@ makes it nearl/ twice as big as the &*S* state of Texas+ or more than five times the si,e of the &nited 6ingdom* "t is bounded b/ the Timor and Arafura seas on the north+ the )ulf of Carpentaria on the northeast+ and the states of Cueensland on the east+ South Australia on the south+ and .estern Australia on the west* About half the population lives in the capital cit/ and main port+ %arwin* Alice Springs is the onl/ other si,eable town > Nor"&er* Terri"or1 199:@*09

The capital of Australia is Canberra+ a cit/ located about 0;9 miles >189 kilometers@ southwest of S/dne/* "t is the heart of AustraliaKs federal district+ the Australian Capital Territor/ >ACT@+ which is surrounded b/ the state of #ew South .ales* CanberraKs metropolitan area includes suburbs in the ACT and the cit/ of Cueanbe/an+ in #ew South .ales >Ca*2erra 199:@*00

The first inhabitants of Australia were the Aboriginal people+ who migrated to the continent some ;9+999 to <9+999 /ears ago* The continent remained relativel/ unknown to most of the outside world until the 0=th centur/* The first permanent uropean settlement was established in 0=:: at Port 5ackson+ in southeastern Australia+ as a -ritish penal colon/J it grew into the cit/ of S/dne/* Australia developed as a group of -ritish colonies during the 0Ath centur/+ and in 0A90 the colonies federated to form a unified independent nation+ the Commonwealth of Australia* 01

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<Ref> Northern Territory. , 2008-. .ritanni'a /t dent 0i!rar#. Ultimate Reference Suite. 1hi'ago: 2n'#'lop3dia .ritanni'a. 11 <Ref> Canberra. , 2008-. .ritanni'a /t dent 0i!rar#. Ultimate Reference Suite. 1hi'ago: 2n'#'lop3dia .ritanni'a. 12 "i'ro&oft 2n'arta $remi m 200% edition

Figure 2 Map o Au!"ra#ia >common to an/ topographic map include watercourses and water bodies+ shaded contours+ and elevations and depths measured with respect to sea level@

Figure 3 Political 'ap of Australia>political map emphasi,es the extent and boundaries of all sovereign nations and their dependencies @

CHAPTER II '"L"TA!( ) $)!APH"C "#T LL") #C A* Location+ Si,e+ Shape and -oundaries Au!"ra#ia is the worldKs smallest continent+ its sixthDlargest countr/+ one of the worldKs oldest landmasses+ the flattest continent+ and >after Antarctica@ the driest one* #earl/ oneDthird of the continent is in the tropicsJ the rest is in the temperate ,one* The commonwealth of Australia extends about 8+999 km >about 1+;99 mi@ from east to west and about 3+=99 km >about 1+399 mi@ from north to south* The area of the commonwealth is =+<:1+399 sB km >1+A<<+199 sB mi@+ and the area of the continent alone is =+<08+;99 sB km >1+A3A+A=8 sB mi@+ making Australia the smallest continent in the world+ but the sixth largest countr/* The capital of Australia is Canberra+ and the largest cit/ is S/dne/J both are located in the southeast*
03

Australia is a compact "sland continent+ slightl/ elongated which is configured from ast to .est* The continent is bounded on the north b/ the Timor Sea+ the Arafura Sea+ and the Torres StraitJ on the east b/ the Coral Sea and the Tasman SeaJ on the south b/ the -ass Strait and the "ndian $ceanJ and on the west b/ the "ndian $cean* 08 -* Coast and landing -eaches AustraliaFs coastline totals 1;+=<9 kilometers along the Timor Sea in the northwest+ the Arfura Sea in the north+ the Coral Sea in the northeast+ the Tasman Sea in the southeast+ and the "ndian $cean in the south and west* Australia claims a 01DnauticalDmile territorial sea+ a 18DnauticalDmile contiguous ,one+ a 199DnauticalDmile exclusive economic ,one+ and a 199DnauticalDmile continental shelf or the distance to the edge of the continental shelf* "n 1998 Australia claimed a 0+999D
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"i'ro&oft 2n'arta $remi m 200% edition "i'ro&oft 2n'arta $remi m 200% edition

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nautical mileDwide maritime identification ,one+ an act that has caused concern among other states in the region $e*(%i3ipe+ia(org.( 45 C* .eather and Climate >Seasonal Temp $utlook+ 199: @* Nor"&er* Au!" Sea!o*a# Te,pera"ure Ou"#oo36 pro2a2i#i"ie! or Apri# "o 7u*e -889+ issued 1:th 'arch 199: The northern Australian outlook for average 5une Buarter >April to 5une@ maximum temperatures shows a moderate shift in the odds favouring cooler da/s in part of the southern #T and most of the southern half of Cueensland* The pattern of seasonal maximum temperature odds across northern Australia is a result of the combined effects from above average temperatures in the southeast "ndian $cean+ and the cooler than average temperatures in the eBuatorial Pacific >La #iMa@* Averaged over April to 5une+ the chances are between 39 and 89N for aboveD normal maximum temperatures over the southern half of Cueensland and a small region in the southern #T >see map@*

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Figure 4 Sea!o*a# Te,pera"ure Ou"#oo3 -889 "n eastern Cueensland+ these odds are consistent with the rain outlook which favours above average falls* So for ever/ ten /ears with ocean patterns like the current+ about six or seven 5une Buarters are expected to be cooler than average over these parts of northern Australia+ with about three or four being warmer* > Nor"&er* Au!"ra#ia Sea!o*a# Te,pera"ure Ou"#oo3: -889 .(
40

Pacific and "ndian $ceans affect Australian temperatures* %uring the 5une Buarter+ histor/ shows this effect on maximum temperatures to be moderatel/ consistent over most of northern Australia+ except in parts of CueenslandKs southern inland where it is onl/ weakl/ consistent* The minimum temperature outlook for the 5une Buarter shows a strong gradient in probabilities across northern Australia* A moderate to strong shifts in the odds favours warmer nights in eastern Cueensland+ while cooler nights are favoured in the western #T >see map@*
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<Internet> Retrieved Apr 6, 2008 from http://www.!om.gov.a /'limate/ahead/temp.na &.&html

Figure 5 Mi*i,u, Sea!o*a# Te,pera"ure ou"#oo3 Apr-7u* -889 Histor/ shows the o'ea*!' e e'" on minimum temperatures in the April to 5une period to be moderatel/ consistent over )uee*!#a*+ and "&e *or"&er* &a# o "&e NT * "n the southern #T the effect is onl/ weakl/ or ver/ weakl/ consistent+ so caution is advised in using the outlook in this part of the countr/*

0=

Au!"ra#ia'! ;u#*era2i#i"1 "o "!u*a,i

'ost tsunami occurs in the Pacific and "ndian $ceans* The boundar/ of the Pacific $cean+ also known as the !ing of Fire+ experiences freBuent earthBuakes* There are two ma4or subduction ,ones in the "ndian $cean that can also generate tsunami* The freBuenc/ of tsunami is variable across the globe and over time* "n the two /ears after the event of 1< %ecember 1998 the Pacific Tsunami .arning Centre issued ;1 tsunami alerts for six tsunami+ two of which resulted in significant loss of life*
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Australia is surrounded to the northwest and east b/ some :+999 kilometers of active tectonic plate boundaries capable of generating tsunami+ which could reach our coastline within two to four hours* $neDthird of earthBuakes worldwide occur along these boundaries* The impact of a tsunami hitting vulnerable+ lowDl/ing areas on the Australian coast could be significant*
0:

The climate of Australia varies with latitude* -ecause the continent lacks relief features and is favored with the moderating influence of the surrounding seas+ few dramatic regional variations exist* The northern part of the continent is tropical and influenced b/ the trade winds* The southern parts lie in the belt of westerl/ winds and have a more temperate climate* The vast center of the continent is arid and extremel/ hot during the summer >%ecember to 'arch@* The tropical region+ and especiall/ the northern coast+ experiences a hot+ wet >monsoonal@ summer* -/ 5anuar/+ the average temperature in %arwin is 1:O C >:3O F@+ and the average annual rainfall is 0+189 mm >8A in@+ nearl/ :9N of which falls between %ecember and 'arch* "n winter+ hurricanes tend to develop over the Coral and Arafura seas+ some following the path of the ast Australian Current as far south as S/dne/* Tropi'a# C1'#o*e Larr1+ which hit Cueensland on the northeastern coast in 'arch 199<+ was the worst such storm in decadesJ it destroyed sugarcane and banana crops and caused widespread property damage but little loss of life. Southern Australia has mild+ wet winters+ resembling a 'editerranean climate* The southwest experiences hot+ dr/ summers+ dominated b/ subtropical highDpressure s/stems* Average temperatures at Perth are 13O C >=8O F@ in 5anuar/ and 03O C >;;O F@ in 5ul/J the average annual rainfall is A99 mm >3; in@* A similar climate affects an area around Adelaide* Southern #ew South .ales+ 2ictoria+ and Tasmania receive the most dependable /earDround precipitation in Australia* The eastern coast of Cueensland and #ew South .ales receives tropical summer rain* "n 199:+ despite the nationKs overall drought+ this area experienced such severe flooding that parts of #ew South .ales
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were declared natural disaster ,ones* .ith decreasing distance southward+ however+ temperatures decline and the seasonalit/ of rainfall becomes less marked* $n the interior of the southern astern Highlands is a subhumid belt+ important for agriculture* About half of Australia is arid* %r/ seasons average eight months in length and a mean annual rainfall of 1;; mm >09 in@ or less* Summers are hot+ winters are warm+ and the dail/ temperature variation is great* The average temperature at Alice Springs is 1<O C >=AO F@ in 5anuar/ and 01O C >;3O F@ in 5ul/* As with most of Australia+ precipitation is undependable+ and on rare occasions floods occur* The arid ,one is encircled b/ a broad belt of semiarid climate* #orth of the tropic of Capricorn this belt records a wet summer seasonJ south of the tropic of Capricorn the average summer is distinctl/ dr/* -ecause livestock ranches are located in some large eastern parts+ prolonged droughts are significant to the econom/* temperatures in the arid and semiarid regions exceed 3:O C >099O F@* Snow is rare except in the higher parts of the southern Multimedia Encyclopedia)*0A %* Topograph/ Australia is primaril/ a flat+ lowDl/ing plateau+ about A;N of which is less than <99 m >0+A=9 ft@ above sea level* The continent was not affected b/ recent geological mountainDbuilding forces+ and all of its landforms are highl/ eroded* Australia can be divided into three ma4or ph/sical regionsH the vast .estern Plateau+ the astern -$6+ -lue 'ountains "to* Highlands+ and the )reat Artesian -asin( astern Highlands+ xtreme high

principall/ the Snow/ 'ountains >-ell+ %*+ P %ur/+ )* >199:@* Australia* Grolier

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The We!"er* P#a"eau covers some <9N of the continentEmore than 8+;99+999 km1 >0+=89+999 mi1@ of central and western AustraliaEis the .estern Plateau* About half of its area lies between 399 and <99 m >0+999 and 1+999 ft@ above sea level* A ma4or fault terminates the plateau on the west+ separating a strip of coastal lowland about ;9 km >39 mi@ wide* The flat+ treeless Nu##ar2or P#ai* of south Australia is the southern edge of the plateau* rosion of the plateauKs thick sandstones has produced mesas and buttes in Ar*&e, La*+ in the north and in the <i,2er#e1 P#a"eau and Pilbara regions of the northwest* "n the center of the continent rise the Ma'+o**e## Ra*ge!+ carved out of ancient sediments and deformed b/ open folding* A1er! Ro'3 >&luru@ is to the south of this area* %esert and semidesert lands are extensive* "n clockwise order from the south these deserts include the Grea" Vi'"oria+ Gi2!o*+ Grea" Sa*+1+ Si,p!o*+ Tanami+ and Arunta* 'uch of this area is covered with sand ridges reaching heights as great as 39 m >099 ft@* SandDridge countr/ accounts for nearl/ a Buarter of AustraliaKs total land area* $ther large portions of the continentKs desert and semidesert countr/ consist of gibber >ston/ desert@+ formed b/ the breakup of surface rocks* At the Ea!"er* Hig&#a*+!+ there are &plands+ to a width of about ;99 km >399 mi@+ serve as an eastern continental rim* These highlands+ also known as the Grea"

Di;i+i*g Ra*ge+ are mainl/ plateau countr/ and are separated from the
discontinuous coastal plain b/ steep+ erosional scarps* levations exceed 0+;99 m >;+999 ft@ in parts of the northern rim+ but half the ground there is below 399 m >0+999 ft@* The #ew ngland !ange and =#ue Mou*"ai*! to the south ma/ var/ in height from A99 to 0+;99 m >3+999 to ;+999 ft@* The Au!"ra#ia* A#p! in the extreme southeast reach more than 0+:99 m ><+999 ft@ and culminate in AustraliaKs highest point+ Mou*"

<o!'iu!3o >1+11: mL=+309 ft@ in the S*o%1 Mou*"ai*!* A detached and heavil/
glaciated portion of the Australian Alps occurs in Tasmania+ where it exceeds 0+999 m >3+1:9 ft@ in elevation* The astern Highlands form a ma4or drainage divide of Australia* $ff the tropical northeastern coast lies the Grea" =arrier Ree + the worldKs largest coral reef at 1+999 km >0+1;9 m@ long*

The Great Artesian Basin has three interior basins between the .estern Plateau and the astern Highlands* 'ost of this area is less than 399 m >0+999 ft@ in /re -asin contains /re -asin is almost elevation and much of it less than 0;9 m >;99 ft@* "n the north is the Carpentaria -asin+ which lies mostl/ beneath the sea >)ulf of Carpentaria@* The vast Lake continentKs lowest point+ 0< m >;1 ft@ below sea level* The /re+ a shallow+ saline lake in central South Australia+ the shore of which is the

separated from the 'urra/ -asin on the south b/ the worn mountains in the Flinders >a mountain region in southeastern South Australia@+ 'ount Loft/+ and -arrier ranges* The overlap of the Simpson %esert from the .estern Plateau to the interior basins blurs the ph/sical distinction between the regions* Two notable features of the southDcentral coast are the /re Peninsula and (orke Peninsula* The /re peninsula is a large peninsula roughl/ triangular in shape on the south central coast of Australia+ in the state of South Australia that extends southward for about 319 km >199 mi@ along the )reat Australian -ight to the west and Spencer )ulf to the east into the "ndian $cean* The (orke Peninsula is on the south central coast of Australia in the state of South Australia that extends some 1<9 km >0<9 mi@ southward between Spencer )ulf on the west and "nvestigator Strait on the east and south* The terrain is gentl/ rolling+ with a maximum height of about 019 m >899 ft@* )rain cultivation is the chief economic activit/* Salt evaporation and the mining of limestone and g/psum+ plus tourism along the coast+ are also important* * &rban Area AustraliaKs population is highl/

urbani,ed* The state capitals have alwa/s been demographicall/ dominant* "n 0AA: the six capital cities and their surrounding metropolitan areas contained nearl/ <0N of all Australians* The largest was S/dne/+ followed closel/ b/ 'elbourne+ with over 3 million* -risbane+ Adelaide+ and Perth all had populations exceeding 0 million* Hobart

is home to more than 89N of TasmaniaKs population* $ther large cities include the industrial center of #ewcastleJ the ports of )eelong+ .ollongong+ and FremantleJ and the Cueensland resort communit/ of )old Coast* "nland settlements other than Canberra+ the federal capital+ are generall/ small* -roken Hill in #ew South .ales and 6algoorlieD -oulder in .estern Australia are among the ma4or mining centers of the interiorJ other cities of the interior include -allarat+ -athurst+ and -endigo >)reat Artesian -asin* >199:@*
19

Ma>or Ci"ie! Sydney, Au!"ra#iaKs largest cit/+ industrial center+ and the capital of #ew South .ales+ founded in 0=::* "t was the first uropean settlement in the countr/* See the separate article on S/dne/* Melbo rne, Second largest cit/ and the capital of 2ictoria+ is a ma4or port and a financial center* An article on 'elbourne appears in this enc/clopedia* Brisbane, Capital of Cueensland and third largest in population+ is the onl/ large Au!"ra#ia* cit/ with a subtropical climate* #umerous parks and gardens have made it one of Au!"ra#iaKs most beautiful cities* "t is CueenslandKs business and cultural center* "t also handles much of the stateKs tourist trade* A monument in the cit/ commemorates the cooperation between Au!"ra#ia and the &nited States during .orld .ar ""* !erth, Capital of .estern Au!"ra#ia+ has grown to become Au!"ra#iaKs fourth largest cit/* Said to be Au!"ra#iaKs most beautiful cit/+ it reminds man/ Americans of cities in southern California* "ts port is Fremantle+ at the mouth of the Swan >Avon@ !iver* The mining boom brought dramatic changes to Perth* At one time the highest building was 0;
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stories* Toda/ several sk/scrapers are man/ stories taller* Among the notable recent additions to the cit/ are an entertainment center+ a new art galler/+ and extensive freewa/s* The Perth industrial complex extends to Fremantle+ about 09 miles >0< kilometers@ awa/* This is the site of the worldKs largest wheat terminal* "obart, Capital of Tasmania+ was founded in the earl/ 0:99Ks* "t is Au!"ra#iaKs second oldest cit/* 'ountains provide a beautiful background for the cit/+ which is surrounded b/ a flourishing agricultural area* $res+ wood and metal products+ and food and beverages are exported through the port of Hobart* #anberra Au!"ra#iaKs national capital and provides an important seat of learning and scientific achievement* >%avis+ C* '*+ P (ounger+ !* '* >199:@* F* 'ilitar/ )eographic regions Australia can be divided into three ma4or ph/sical regionsH the vast We!"er* P#a"eau: the Ea!"er* Hig&#a*+!+ and the )reat Artesian -asin( The )reat Artesian -asin+ or )reat Australian -asin+ the worldKs largest artesianDwater area+ is situated in east central Australia* This vast+ arid lowland covers some 0+=;0+8:: km 1 ><=<+1;9 mi1@+ more than oneDfifth the territor/ of Australia >)reat Artesian -asin* >199:@* 11
10

21

<The New Book of nowledge!"* %avis+ C* '*+ P (ounger+ !* '* >199:@* Australia* !etrieved April 01+ 199:+ from )rolier $nline httpHLLnbk*grolier*comLcgiDbinLarticleQ assetidRa1990:39Dh
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<Internet> Great Artesian Basin. (2008). Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 9, 2008, from Grolier Online http:// me. rolier.!om/! i"#in/arti!le$assetid%0&2'((0"0

We!"er* P#a"eau covers some <9N of the continentEmore than 8+;99+999 km1 >0+=89+999 mi1@ of central and western Australia* At the astern Highlands also known as the )reat %ividing !ange are &plands+ to a width of about ;99 km >399 mi@+ serve as an eastern continental rim* These highlands are mainl/ plateau countr/ and are separated from the discontinuous coastal plain b/ steep elevations that exceed 0+;99 m >;+999 ft@ in parts of the northern rim+ but half the ground there is below 399 m >0+999 ft@* The #ew ngland !ange and -lue 'ountains to the south range from A99 to 0+;99 m >3+999 to ;+999 ft@* The Australian Alps in the extreme southeast reach more than 0+:99 m ><+999 ft@ and culminate in AustraliaKs highest point+ 'ount 6osciusko >1+11: mL=+309 ft@ in the Snow/ 'ountains* A detached and heavil/ glaciated portion of the Australian Alps occurs in Tasmania+ where it exceeds 0+999 m >3+1:9 ft@ in elevation* The astern Highlands form a ma4or drainage divide of Australia* $ff the tropical northeastern coast lies the )reat -arrier !eef+ the worldKs largest coral reef at 1+999 km >0+1;9 m@ long*

The )reat Artesian -asin has three interior basins between the .estern Plateau and the astern Highlands* 'ost of this area is less than 399 m >0+999 ft@ in elevation and much of it less than 0;9 m >;99 ft@* "n the north is the Carpentaria -asin+ which lies mostl/ beneath the sea >)ulf of Carpentaria@* )* Strategic Areas+ Approaches and "nternal !outes I*+ia* O'ea* states export raw materials and import manufactured goods that are produced elsewhere* Petroleum dominates commerce+ as the "ndian $cean has come to be an important throughway for transport of crude oil to urope+ #orth America+ and ast Asia* $ther ma4or commodities include iron+ coal+ rubber+ and tea* "ron ore from .estern Australia and from "ndia and South Africa is shipped to 5apan+ while coal is exported to the &nited 6ingdom from Australia via the "ndian $cean*

Shipping in the "ndian $cean can be divided into three componentsH dhows+ dr/D cargo carriers+ and tankers* For more than two millennia the small+ lateenDrigged sailing vessels called dhows were predominant* The dhow trade was particularl/ important in the western "ndian $cean+ where these vessels could take advantage of the monsoon windsJ a great variet/ of products were transported between ports on the coast of ast Africa and ports on the Arabian Peninsula and even -omba/ and 'angalore on the west coast of "ndia* 'ost dhow traffic has been supplanted b/ larger+ powered ships and b/ land transport+ and the remaining dhows have been eBuipped with auxiliar/ engines* 'uch of the "ndian $ceanKs dr/Dcargo shipping is now containeri,ed* 'ost container ships enter and exit the "ndian $cean via the Cape of )ood Hope+ the Sue, Canal and !ed Sea+ and the Strait of 'alacca* The ma4or container ports are %urban+ S*Af*+ and Singapore* Ports on the !ed SeaEparticularl/ Aden >(emen@+ %4ibouti >%4ibouti@+ and Port Sudan >The Sudan@Ehave recaptured the traffic the/ lost when the Sue, Canal was closed from 0A<= to 0A=;* South Africa and "ndia have their own merchant fleets+ but most of the other littoral states have onl/ a few merchant vessels and depend on the ships of other nations to carr/ their cargoes* 'ost other dr/ cargo is transported b/ bulk carriers+ mainl/ those used to carr/ iron ore from "ndia+ southern Africa+ and .estern Australia to 5apan and urope* An important route from .estern Australia is via the Sunda Strait and the South China Sea to 5apan* Tanker traffic moves primaril/ from ports in the Persian )ulf across the northern "ndian $cean to the Strait of 'alacca and from the Persian )ulf south along the coast of Africa and around the Cape of )ood Hope* The route via the Sue, Canal has become far less important as the si,e of tankers has surpassed the canalKs capacit/J the si,e of these tankers+ however+ compensates for the longer distances now reBuired to move oil from the Persian )ulf to urope* The largest tankers must now use the Lombok Strait through the Lesser Sunda "slands to carr/ oil to 5apan+ since their drafts are too great for the route through the 'alacca and Singapore straits > I*+ia* O'ea* 199:@*13

23

< 2n'#'lop3dia .ritanni'a> ndian !cean. , .ritanni'a.

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H*

Anal/sis a* Capabilities Australia has a vast territor/ and its enormous si,e is

an asset in terms of defence in the event of an/ foreign aggression or invasion* The weather conditions provide similar climate

conditions in other countries+ making the area a suitable exercise sites for militar/ field exercises during peace time* The 5oint Australian Tsunami .arning Centre Operated

by Geoscience Australia and the Bureau of Meteorology to monitor natural occurrences. b* 2ulnerabilities AustraliaFs elongated configuration of roughl/ 8+999 kms coastlines from east to west serves as a weakness to its exterior defence* "ts extended coastlines would allow numerous probable landing sites to potential intruders* "ts nominal populace of almost 19*8 million people visDSDvis its land

area of almost =*< million sB kms* Australia is prone to Tsunami as the countr/ is surrounded to the

northwest and east b/ some :+999 kilometers of active tectonic plate boundaries capable of generating tsunami+ which could reach our coastline within two to four hours* $neDthird of earthBuakes worldwide occur along these boundaries* The impact of a tsunami hitting vulnerable+ lowDl/ing areas on the Australian coast could be significant* c* Probable Courses of Action

Australia is expected to complement its defence s/stems to offDset

its vast coastlines while pursuing proactive regional securit/ arrangements with AS A# countries against terrorism and other potential threats*

%ue to its continuing technological research+ the %efence "mager/

and )eospatial $rganisation >%")$@ offsets the countr/Fs extended coastlines*

Sustain its 4oint Tsunami .arning measure to predict storms and

similar events such as the Tropical C/clone Larr/ that hit Cueensland last 'arch 199<+ destro/ing sugarcane and banana crops+ including properties but little loss of life*

CHAPTER III T!A#SP$!TAT"$# A#% C$''&#"CAT"$# "#T LL") #C A* 'a4or Forms of Transportation >-ell+ %*+ P %ur/+ )* >199:@* 18

The bulk of AustraliaKs network of railroad tracks is owned and operated b/ Australia #ational+ a federal authorit/+ and b/ various state authorities* 'ost of the railroad lines are concentrated near the coast and radiate inland from the ma4or ports* !eflecting the earl/ development of the states as separate colonies+ those in Cueensland+ .estern Australia+ and Tasmania operate on narrowDgauge tracksJ those in 2ictoria and South Australia+ on broadDgauge tracks* !ailwa/s

Total# 3:+;;9 km broad gauge# 3+=1= km 0*<99Dm gauge standard gauge# 19+;0A km 0*83;Dm gauge >0+:== km electrified@ narrow gauge# 08+9=8 km 0*9<=Dm gauge >1+8;3 km electrified@ dual gauge# 139 km dual gauge >199<@ $CIA Fa'"2oo3 -88?.( -5 !ail transport has pla/ed a crucial role in the Australian econom/+ but most s/stems have suffered in competition with road and air services* %uring the late 19th centur/+ there were widespread closures of rural and suburban rail lines* Freight and passenger services alike were progressivel/ reformed and privati,ed through the 0AA9s+ but a residual measure of government ownership remained* "n 0AA0 the #ational !ail Corporation was established to take over all interstate traffic > Au!"ra#ia 199:@*1<

!ailroad lines cross state lines at onl/ nine points+ and at two of them transshipment from one gauge to another is reBuired* Transcontinental routes+ which
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<Internet> .ell, 8., ? 8 r#, =. ,2008-. A &tralia. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 12, 2008, from =rolier >nline http://gme.grolier.'om/'gi(!in/arti'le) a&&etid*0020550(0
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have been converted to standard gauge onl/ since 0A<A+ connect Townsville with 'elbourne and S/dne/ with Perth+ and all state capitals are now linked b/ standardD gauge tracks* !ecent rail construction pro4ects include a highDspeed rail link to cut travel time between Canberra and S/dne/ in half and the last section of the longDawaited northDsouth continental railwa/+ which was opened to traffic in 1998* The latter involved the la/ing of 0+809 km >:=; mi@ of track between Alice Springs and %arwin+ thus connecting them with Adelaide in the south* S")#"F"CA#T improvements will flow to the Australian !ail Track Corporation >A!TC@ interstate railfreight network following ma4or infrastructure and signalling contracts awarded in recent months* "n all+ A!TC has committed to invest over TA 0*8 billion >T&S " billion@ over the next three to four /ears to cover more than 099 ma4or capital works pro4ects on the interstate network on the Australian eastern seaboard >'elbourneDS/dne/-risbane@+ and in the Hunter 2alle/ of #ew South .ales >#S.@* The aim is to make rail freight more efficient and competitive between 'elbourne and S/dne/+ Au!"ra#iaKs two largest cities+ and along the northDsouth corridor > I*"er*a"io*a# Rai#%a1 7our*a#: -880.-? !ecent initiatives b/ the Australian government include progressive replacement of the bus fleet and the Smart!ider contactless smartcard ticketing s/stem* Perth provides ,eroDfare bus and train trips around the cit/ centre >the IFree Transit UoneI@+ including three highDfreBuenc/ CAT bus routes* Additionall/+ the rail network has been expanded in the northern and southern suburbs as part of the #ew 'etro!ail pro4ect* C* !oad TotalH :09+<80 km >;93+=9A miles@ Paved roads H 33<+A<1 km &npavedH 8=3+<=A km >1998@ >C"A Factbook 199=@*
1:

About 89N of AustraliaKs roads are paved* "ncluded in this total are national highwa/s that connect the state capitals and also link them and the #orthern Territor/ with Canberra and the Australian Capital Territor/* Traffic congestion is greatest in the
"nternetV Retrieved Apr 5, 2008 from www.high!eam.'om/do'/1=1(81%243%8.html <Internet> Retrieved April 12, 2008 from http&://www.'ia.gov/li!rar#/p !li'ation&/the(world( fa't!oo7/geo&/a&.html
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large coastal cities+ where most of the nationKs 09*0 million automobiles and 1*8 million trucks and buses >1991@ are+ like the population+ concentrated* %* Pipelines

condensateLgas 8<A kmJ gas 1<+=0A kmJ liBuid petroleum gas 189 kmJ oil 3+=19 kmJ oilLgasLwater 009 km >199=@ The bulk of AustraliaFs pipeline infrastructure was built to carr/ natural gas from production fields in the center of the countr/ to coastal cities* There are roughl/ 1A+999 kilometers of natural gas pipeline+ but 4ust 8+=99 kilometers of oil pipeline* Pipeline infrastructure is fragmented+ and new investment is hindered b/ concerns among investors that tax and regulator/ frameworks are unwield/* &pdating the pipeline infrastructure in order to efficientl/ suppl/ the nation with energ/ from burgeoning offshore natural gas fields will reBuire >according to the Australian government@ &ST;*; billion over 09 /ears* The Australian Pipeline Trust operates some 8+899 kilometers of pipeline+ both oil and gas+ and pic nerg/ operates another 1+;99 kilometers of oil and gas pipeline >mongaba/*com+ $ct 199<@(-@ * "nland .aterwa/s 1+999 km >mainl/ used for recreation on 'urra/ and 'urra/D%arling river s/stems@ >199<@ Australia is almost entirel/ devoid of internal waterwa/s* The 'urra/D%arling s/stem supplied important arteries in the 0Ath centur/+ when it was used to transport wool and other produce from the countr/ districts of #ew South .ales and 2ictoria to the coast* 2ariable volumes in the rivers made such shipping ha,ardous and unreliable+ and it soon succumbed to competition from the railwa/s* "n contrast+ the great distances+ low topograph/+ and predominance of suitable weather conditions have made fl/ing a comparativel/ safe and economical option >e*(%i3ipe+ia(org@* 39
26

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The 'urra/ and other rivers in the 'urra/D%arling river s/stem are used mostl/ for recreation F* $cean Transportation+ Ports and Harbor 'a4or portsH 00* Australia+ an island nation located a great distance from ma4or international markets+ is heavil/ dependent on its s/stem of ports* There are five ma4or Australian portsH Adelaide+ -risbane+ Fremantle+ 'elbourne+ and S/dne/* 'elbourne is the largest container and general cargo port in the nation and handles approximatel/ &ST<9 billion worth of trade annuall/* S/dne/+ the second largest port+ actuall/ includes two portsJ =9 percent of S/dne/Fs bulk and container trade goes through -otan/ -a/+ while S/dne/ Harbour handles passenger as well as commercial trade* Fremantle+ located south of Perth and the port closest to the Southeast Asian hub of Singapore+ is the third largest in Australia*

-risbane+ %ampier+ Fremantle+ )ladstone+ Ha/ Point+ 'elbourne+ #ewcastle+ Port Hedland+ Port 6embla+ Port .alcott+ S/dne/ TotalH ;1 ships >0999 )!T or over@ 0+311+;1= )!TL0+;90+:<; %.T b/ t/peH bulk carrier 0<+ cargo ;+ chemical tanker 0+ container 0+ liBuefied gas 8+ passenger =+ passengerLcargo <+ petroleum tanker =+ roll onLroll off ; foreignDownedH 0< >Canada 1+ France 0+ )erman/ 1+ #etherlands 1+ #orwa/ 0+ Philippines 0+ &6 1+ &S ;@ registered in other countriesH 1A >Antigua and -arbuda 0+ -ahamas 3+ -ermuda 8+ Fi4i 0+ The )ambia 0+ Liberia 1+ 'arshall "slands 0+ Panama 8+ Singapore <+ Tonga 0+ &6 0+ &S 1+ 2anuatu 1+ unknown 0@>C"A Factbook 199=@*30 $ver time %arwin has grown from a pioneer outpost and small port into one of AustraliaKs most modern and multicultural cities* "ts proximit/ to Asia makes it an
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important Australian gatewa/ to countries such as "ndonesia and ast Timor* The Stuart Highwa/ begins in %arwin+ ending at Port Augusta in South Australia %arwin is closer to the capitals of three other countries than to the capital of AustraliaH %arwin is 3+088 kilometres >0+A;8 mi@ awa/ from Canberra* %ili > ast Timor@ is <;< kilometres >89: mi@ from %arwin+ Port 'oresb/ >Papua #ew )uinea@ is 0+:0: kilometres >0+039 mi@+ and 5akarta >"ndonesia@ is 1+=3; kilometres >0+<AA mi@ from %arwin* ven Singapore is onl/ slightl/ farther awa/ at 3+3<9 kilometres >1+9:: mi@+ as is 'anila >Philippines@ at 3+19< kilometres >0+AA1 mi@ >e*(%i3ipe+ia(org@* 31 )* Air transport 'a4or airfieldsH 33* Australia is well connected to the global air network+ with several do,en international airlines operating regular services to and from the countr/* Cantas >founded in 0A19 in Cueensland@+ the national carrier+ was privati,ed in the 0AA9s+ as were the ma4or airports* The main national and international airport is S/dne/ >6ingsford Smith@+ opened in 0A19J 'elbourneKs Tullamarine airport+ opened in 0A=9+ is the second busiest* There are man/ smaller airports serving other state capitals+ Canberra+ provincial centres+ resorts+ and mining developments* -oth freight and passenger services have grown steadil/ >Australia 199:@*33

Air transportation is important in so large a countr/* There are six domestic airlines+ two of which are subsidiaries of Cantas+ the former governmentDowned international airline+ which was full/ privati,ed in 0AA8GA;* Ansett+ the countr/Ks secondD largest carrier+ was shut down in 1990* 'ost ranches >stations@ also have their own aircraft and airstrips*

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Perth Airport in the cit/Ks east for regional+ domestic and international flights and 5andakot Airport in the cit/Ks southern suburbs for general aviation and charter flights* >Transport in Perth@ 38 H* Telecommunication AustraliaKs telecommunications sector was highl/ centrali,ed until the late 19th centur/* The national government took control of services in 0A90+ overseen b/ the Postmaster )eneralKs %epartment* "n 0A8<+ an $verseas Telecommunications Commission was established and given a monopol/ in international telecommunications* -/ 0A=;+ telecommunications functions were vested in Telecom Australia+ which was given a monopol/ for all domestic services* "n the earl/ 0A:9s satellite services were made the responsibilit/ of A&SSAT+ which was publicl/ owned and which started commercial services in 0A:;* "n 0A:A the government began implementing reforms+ though the monopolies were maintainedJ b/ 0AA0+ however+ limited competition was introduced* Telestra >formed from Telecom Australia and the $verseas Telecommunications Commission@ was partiall/ privati,ed in 0AA<+ and full competition in the sector ensued beginning in 0AA=* The industr/ is overseen b/ the minister for communications+ information technolog/+ and the arts+ who wields significant regulator/ authorit/+ with the abilit/ to impose conditions on telecommunications providers+ and the Australian Communications Authorit/ >ACA@+ established in 0AAA+ which licenses carriers and reports to the minister for communications* -/ the earl/ 10st centur/+ there were some =9 ACADlicensed providers that opened competition in the field of telecommunications* "nternet use climbed dramaticall/ during the late 0AA9s in Australia* .hereas less than oneDtenth of the population had "nternet access in 0AA=+ b/ the earl/ 10st centur/ more than half of all people used the "nternet regularl/ >Australia* > 199:@*3;

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-/ 199=+ there are estimated 0;*3 million internet users with A*8;: million internet hosts in Australia* The telecommunication s/stem has excellent domestic and international service* The domestic service provides domestic satellite s/stemJ much use of radiotelephone in areas of low population densit/J rapid growth of mobile cellular telephones* As of 199<+ there are A*A8 million telephone main lines in service and 0A*=< million mobile cellular phones* The countr/Fs international code D <0J landing point for the S AD' D. D3 optical telecommunications submarine cable with links to Asia+ the 'iddle ast+ and uropeJ the Southern Cross fiber optic submarine cable provides links to #ew Uealand and the &nited StatesJ with 0A satellite earth stations >09 "ntelsat D 8 "ndian $cean and < Pacific $cean+ 1 "nmarsat D "ndian and Pacific $cean regions+ 1 )lobalstar+ ; other@ $CIA Fa'"2oo3 -88?.( A0 "* Anal/sis a* Capabilities

AustraliaFs maritime+ aviation+ land and communication platform and

s/stems are read/ to address all t/pes of crises situations*

Their transportation and communication competence are likewise

essential for its development*

Telecommunication services became relativel/ cheap with the opening

of more service providers+ conversel/+ the Philippines has a few telecommunication providers that makes communication Buite expensive* b* 2ulnerabilities The extensive land area serves as a challenge to connect interior road net ad4oining the different states*

3%

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c*

Probable Courses of Action Australia is likel/ to give attention to its railwa/ industr/ as a

means to connect the different states* "t is likel/ to pursue urban P infrastructure development

particularl/ in the #orth* The %epartment of "mmigration and Citi,enship has increased the number of test locations in the #orthern Territor/ which is indicative of the countr/Fs attention on its #orthern portion* The investment of the Australian !ail Track Corporation

>A!TC@ of TA 0*8 billion >T&S " billion@ up to 1909 indicates its desire to connect the 1 biggest cities+ 'elbourne and S/dne/* The completion of the first transcontinental railroad freight

service between Adelaide >South@ and %arwin >#orth@ that started in 1998 is likel/ to facilitate trade with China*

CHAPTER IV C$#$'"C "#T LL") #C As of 199=+ Australia has a mature+ wellDdiversified econom/ and is the worldKs 0Ath largest econom/+ with outputEas measured b/ gross domestic product >)%P@E Almost a decade ago >0AAA@+ Australia was ranked 19th in terms of gross product per capita+ between Canada and "tal/+ at 4ust over <9N of the figure for the &nited States*AustraliaFs trading partners in terms of export includes 5apan 0A*<N+ China 01*3N+ South 6orea =*;N+ &S <*1N+ "ndia ;*;N+ #U ;*;N+ &6 ;N >199<@ * AustraliaFs total export reached T03A*8 billion >199= est*@ Australia has an enviable+ strong econom/ with a per capita )%P on par with the four dominant .est uropean economies* !obust business and consumer confidence and high export prices for raw materials and agricultural products are fueling the econom/+ particularl/ in mining states* AustraliaKs emphasis on reforms+ low inflation+ a housing market boom+ and growing ties with China have been ke/ factors behind the econom/Ks 0< solid /ears of expansion* %rought+ robust import demand+ and a strong currenc/ have pushed the trade deficit up in recent /ears+ while infrastructure bottlenecks and a tight labor market are constraining growth in export volumes and stoking inflation* AustraliaKs budget has been in surplus since 1991 due to strong revenue growth* AustraliaF )%P for 199= is T=<<*: billion more than doubled compared to the PhilippinesF T1A:*A billion >C"A Factbook 199=@* 3= From 199; to 199<+ inflation was 1*= percent and further increased to 3*9 percent but the )%P per capital increased from &S% 3;+0:8 to &S% 3<+A=3 during the same period+ an increase of 0+=:A or a ;N better than in 199; figure* "n 1998 AustraliaFs general government budget was &ST110*= billion* !evenues slightl/ exceeded expenditures* -/ 199;+ Australia had en4o/ed 08 /ears of
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uninterrupted growth* The budget surplus was expected to decline somewhat in 199;G <* Australia has a remarkable record of fiscal discipline+ as demonstrated b/ the statistic that government debt corresponds to onl/ 1*A percent of gross domestic product >)%P@+ compared with an average of about 8; percent of )%P of %evelopment >$ C%@ nations* $ C% welcomes AustraliaFs progress in tackling environmental issues over the past decade+ it notes that Australia must take further steps to WgreenF its econom/ and to face climate change and water challenges > nvironmental Performance !eviewsH Australia >199:@* A9 A* Agriculture Since uropean settlement began in 0=::+ conomic Cooperation and

agriculture has been a ma4or contributor to the countr/Ks economic development but provides relativel/ harsh environment for agricultural activities* The countr/ appears to have ample land space but more than oneDthird of its land area is desert* "n most areas+ soils are generall/ thin and not especiall/ fertile* "n the tropical north+ rainfall is low and unreliable+ and few natural freshwater storages* %omestic markets have alwa/s been small+ so that Au!"ra#ia* agriculture remains dependent on exports than the agricultural sectors of most other economies* Au!"ra#ia is often regarded as primaril/ a producer of agricultural commodities+ minerals+ and energ/* These products have pla/ed a ma4or historical role in Au!"ra#iaKs economic development+ particularl/ in the first 099 or so /ears after uropean settlement began* However+ their relative importance declined throughout the 19th centur/* "n 0A99 farming+ forestr/+ and fishing accounted for 19N of Au!"ra#iaKs )%P+ and mining for a further 09N* At this time the agricultural and mining sectors provided A;N of Au!"ra#iaKs exports and 4obs for about 39N of Au!"ra#iaKs workforce*
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.heat production is vulnerable to droughts+ which have occurred once ever/ =G 00 /ears+ on average* .estern Australia is the leading wheatDproducing state+ suppl/ing between oneDthird and oneDhalf of total Australian production+ depending on climatic conditions+ followed b/ #ew South .ales and South Australia* -* "ndustr/ The manufacturing sector in Australia is somewhat smaller than in most other advanced economies+ accounting for about 01*;N of both output and emplo/ment at the end of the 19th centur/* Australian manufacturing underwent significant structural change after the midD0A=9s+ as previousl/ high tariffs and other forms of protection against manufactured imports were graduall/ removed* Fishing has historicall/ been a relativel/ small industr/ in Australia+ largel/ because of plentiful supplies of domesticall/ produced meat* -ut the value of Au!"ra#ia* fisheries production increased nearl/ fivefold during the 0A:9s and 0AA9s+ largel/ as a result of strong growth in exports of prawns+ lobster+ abalone+ salmon+ and >until the midD0AA9s@ tuna to 5apan and other Asian countries* 'anufacturing has continued to decline as a share of total economic activit/+ in part reflecting the effects of productivit/ gains and the outsourcing of peripheral and support functions* At the start of the 10st centur/+ imports accounted for about oneDthird of total sales of manufactured goods in the Au!"ra#ia* market+ compared with around oneD Buarter during the 0A:9s* $n the other hand+ around oneDseventh of Au!"ra#ia* manufacturing output was exported+ twice as much as in the 0A:9s* The countr/Ks top 39 exports include cars+ ships+ computer components+ telecommunications eBuipment+ and aircraft components*

"n 1990+ Australia ventured with #ew Uealand to manufacture the A#UAC class frigates for the Australian and #ew Uealand #avies with intention to suppl/ offshore patrol boats for the Philippine #av/ under the AFP moderni,ation program but did not materiali,e*

#atural gas reserves are estimated at A9 trillion cubic feet+ making Australia the largest reserve in the AsiaDPacific region* %isputes over rights to large reserves in the Timor Sea between Australia and ast Timor continue despite the signing of the Timor )ap agreement in 'arch 1993* Australia began exporting liBuefied natural gas >L#)@ in 0A:A and b/ 1991 was the sixth largest global exporter of L#)* 5apan is the primar/ market for Australian L#)+ although China+ South 6orea+ and Spain also purchase smaller shipments* A proposed sale of 01*; percent of the )orgon fieldFs proven reserves >estimated at 01*A trillion cubic feet@ to ChinaFs C#$$C would generate &ST10 billion in sales over a 1;D/ear period+ making it the largest export commitment in AustraliaFs histor/*
3A

C* Trade AustraliaKs largest trading partners are the &nited States+ 5apan+ China+ and the &nited 6ingdom* Australia currentl/ has bilateral Free Trade Agreements with #ew Uealand+ the &nited States+ Thailand and Singapore as of 199=* As well as this+ Australia is in the process undertaking studies on Free Trade Agreements with AS A#+ China+ Chile+ "ndia+ "ndonesia+ 5apan+ 6orea and 'ala/sia

Australia maintains significant bilateral relations with several countries* &nited States #ew Uealand &nited 6ingdom "ndonesia 5apan China France

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!ussia "tal/ Chile >Foreign relations of Australia@*89 Australia is one of the worldKs most industriali,ed nations+ dominated b/ #ew

South .ales and 2ictoria+ being the most industriali,ed regions while .estern Australia and the #orthern Territories the least* "ndustr/ accounts for about 1<N of the gross domestic product >)%P@* Food processing is the leading industr/ in terms of both value and emplo/ment* This reflects the continuing importance of processing AustraliaKs traditional meat and wheat exports and the growing importance of wine production+ free,ing+ canning+ and other forms of food processing* Second in importance is metallurg/+ and third is the manufacture of chemical+ petroleum+ and coal products* Fourth in value+ and associated with the machine and metallurg/ industries+ is the manufacture of automobiles+ aircraft+ ships+ and other forms of transportation eBuipment* $ther important manufactures include machiner/+ wood and wood products+ textiles+ clothing+ and footwear+ plus the output of the growing electronic and information technolog/ industries >-ell+ %*+ P %ur/+ )* >199:@* 80

The &nited 6ingdom was the principal market for Australian agricultural exports* Australia remains the worldKs largest wool producer+ accounting for 1:N of world wool production and around =9N of total wool exports* .ool is produced in all states+ with #ew South .ales accounting for about 3;N of the total+ and 2ictoria and .estern Australia about 39N each* "t is the worldKs second largest producer >after China@ and
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+1

<Internet> Bell, )., * )+r,, G. (2008). A+stralia. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 9, 2008, from Grolier Online http:// me. rolier.!om/! i"#in/arti!le$assetid%0020--0"0

exporter >after #ew Uealand@ of lamb and mutton* Pork and poultr/ production is primaril/ for domestic production* Australia is the worldKs third largest sugar exporter+ after the uropean &nion and -ra,il+ with about 08N of total world exports* Cotton has become AustraliaKs fifth largest agricultural export and Australia the worldKs fourth largest cotton exporter* Australia is the worldKs fifth largest beef producer and its largest beef exporter* -eef is the countr/Ks third largest agricultural export* About half of AustraliaKs beef exports go to 5apan+ with the &nited States+ Canada+ Taiwan+ and 6orea accounting for most of the remainder* All of these countries impose restrictions on imports of Australian beef* Australia is >ordinaril/@ the worldKs seventh largest wheat producer and the fourth largest exporter >after the &nited States+ the uropean &nion+ and Canada@+ with around 0;NG0:N of total wheat exports* Also+ coarse grain production >barle/+ corn+ sorghum+ and oats@ makes Australia as the worldKs second largest exporter of barle/ and the fourth largest exporter of sorghum* Australian wine exports increased dramaticall/+ more than tripling during the 0AA9s+ so that b/ the end of the decade+ the countr/ had become the worldKs eighth largest wine exporter b/ volume and fourth largest b/ value* Australia began exporting live sheep+ primaril/ to the 'iddle ast+ during the

0A=9s+ and this trade is now worth the eBuivalent of about 89N of the countr/Ks lamb and mutton exports* Live cattle exports+ principall/ to "ndonesia and the Philippines+ grew rapidl/ during the 0AA9s* These exports were abruptl/ curtailed in the aftermath of the Asian economic crisis in the late 0AA9s+ and new markets were developed in g/pt and Lib/a* %* #atural Factor Australia possesses enormous mineral resources* "t is the sixthDlargest producer and biggest exporter of black coal in the world* Australia is the worldKs fourthDlargest producer of iron ore+ much of it from the Hammersle/ !ange >Pilbara region@ of the

northwest+ and the worldKs largest producer of bauxite and alumina* )old is another ma4or export earner* $ther abundant metal ores include ,inc+ lead+ nickel+ and copper* Australia is the largest producer of lead+ the second of ,inc+ and the sixth of silver in the .estern world* The -roken Hill region of western #ew South .ales and 'ount "sa in Cueensland are the main areas of production* Australia is also the worldKs largest producer of diamonds+ although few of its diamonds are of gem Bualit/* The Arg/le mine in the northwest is the ma4or producer* )emstones include sapphires from the northern )reat %ividing !ange and the distinctive Australian fire opals from inland fields in the southeast* Australia is the worldKs largest producer and exporter of the mineral sands >rutile+ ,ircon+ ilmenite+ and mono,ite@+ which are found along the east coast* Petroleum+ first exploited in Cueensland+ now comes chiefl/ from the continental shelf off northwestern Australia and the -ass Strait+ as well as from two other basins in the #orthern Territor/ and one in South Australia* Seven of the ten basins that produce crude oil also produce natural gas* There are ma4or uranium deposits in the #orthern Territor/+ South Australia+ .estern Australia+ and other parts of the countr/* * a* Anal/sis Capabilities Australian farmers have made extensive use of

advances in agricultural science and technolog/ to become among the most efficient* Agriculture remains to be source of its economic strength as it provides oneDfifth of AustraliaKs export income* securities "ts rich natural resources accounts for ma4or uranium deposits in the #orthern Territor/+ South Australia+ .estern Australia+ and other parts of the countr/ as potential source of nuclear fuel for development and The Commonwealth government eliminated its net debt in

199<+ but continues a gross debt issue to support the market for riskDfree

defence* !esearchers claim that a pound of uranium can /ield as much energ/ as three million pounds of coal* .ith the continuous implementation of the Australian Agenc/ for "nternational %evelopment >AusA"%@ program to AS A# countries in order to strengthen its relationships with these countries* b* 2ulnerabilities The economic prosperit/ of the countr/ is highl/ dependent on its foreign trade relations with the AsiaDPacific countriesJ hence+ an/ regional or international crisis ma/ impact on its export activities* c* Probable Courses of Action The new leadership of Prime 'inister 6evin !udd will likel/

to pursue explorator/ activities in the AS"ADPAC"F"C regions* P' !uddFs China experience has prepared him to appreciate ChinaFs economic global potentials* The countr/ is likel/ to continue its economic relations with the AS"A region+ where the Philippines is one of its trading partners* The implementation of the Australian Fumigation and

Accreditation Scheme >AFAS@ will be marked advantage for the Philippines in order to increase potential export of local products to Australia

CHAPTER V S$C"$L$)"CAL "#T LL") #C A* Population and 'anpower As of 199=+ AustraliaKs population of 19+838+0=< was more than double that of 0A8;* "mmigration continues to pla/ an important role in population increase+ although loss through emigration is a constraint* The ratio of permanent departures to arrivals since the 0A=9s has ranged from a low of 1;N in 0AA9 to a high of nearl/ 83N in 0AA3* Since 0A8; almost ; million people from more than 039 countries have settled in AustraliaJ toda/ about one in four Australians was born elsewhere* The great ma4orit/ came from the &nited 6ingdom+ "reland+ and elsewhere in .estern recent /ears immigrants from Asia+ the 'iddle urope+ but in ast+ and South America have

significantl/ enriched the population* 'ore than ;99+999 refugees and displaced persons settled in Australia between 0A8; and 0AA;* "n 0AA:GAA an estimated :8+999 immigrants settled permanentl/ in Australia+ close to oneDthird of them from Asia* 'odern Au!"ra#ia was created under the stimulus of active+ officiall/ sponsored immigration+ which produced a continuing inflow of people attracted b/ the opportunities offered in a InewI countr/ experiencing broad economic expansion* $f the two components of population growth+ natural increase declined from 0;9+999 a /ear in the earl/ 0A=9s to about 039+999 a /ear after 0A=<+ while net immigration showed marked volatilit/* People of )reek+ "talian+ Polish+ and other uropean backgrounds were the most numerous of those outside the AngloDAustralian traditionJ the Pacific region was represented b/ 2ietnamese+ 6oreans+ and Filipinos* The clustering of man/ of the newcomers in particular sections of ma4or cities >especiall/ S/dne/ and 'elbourne@ led to some shopping streets taking on an ethnic character+ with restaurants and stores in the st/les of their )reek+ "talian or 2ietnamese owners*

Au!"ra#ia is one of the worldKs most thinl/ inhabited countries+ averaging <*8 persons per sBuare mile >1*; per sB km@ compared to the PhilippinesF ratio of 00=*3 persons per 1*; sB km* 'ore glaring is the concentration of people in a few coastal cities+ specificall/ in S/dne/ and 'elbourne+ which together account for nearl/ 89N of the national population* 'oreover+ the state capitals+ all of which are on the seacoast+ contain at least 89N of their statesK populationsH 'elbourne >2ictoria@+ Perth>.estern Australia@+ and Adelaide >South Australia@ each accounts for over =9N of its populationJ S/dne/ >#ew South .ales@+ for over <9NJ -risbane >Cueensland@+ for over 8;NJ and Hobart >Tasmania@+ for over 89N of its population* "n number of inhabitants+ S1+*e1 >the largest cit/@ and 'elbourne rank in the $ million categoryJ =ri!2a*e: Per"&+ and A+e#ai+e have o%er & million people each* #o other cit/ has above ;99+999+ and Ca*2erra+ the national capital+ contains around $&'('''* "n 0=:: when the first uropeans arrived+ the indigenous population was

estimated at 399+999* This figure is now considered too low+ and up to =;9+999 seems probable* "n 1991 the Aboriginal population was estimated at 8<9+999+ constituting about 1*8N of AustraliaKs total population* Australian Aborigines were socioDculturall/ homogenous onl/ in a general wa/* Traditionall/+ about ;99 different tribal groups existedJ each occupied a particular stretch of countr/ and spoke a different language or dialect*Among the bestDknown Aboriginal groups are the Aranda >Arunta@+ -id4and4ad4ara >Pit4ant4at4ara@+ )urind4i+ )unwinggu+ 6amilaroi+ 'urngin+ Tiwi+ .ailbri >.arlpiri@+ .urora+ and (irD/oroni* The Australian Aborigines established themselves throughout Australia+ including Tasmania+ long before uropeans IdiscoveredI it* Small groups began arriving b/ sea at least 89+999 /ears agoJ the/ probabl/ traveled from Southeast Asia to AustraliaKs north coast* Aborigines are dark skinned+ with numerous regional variations in their anatomical features and hair color* -efore the first uropean settlement of Australia+ the Aborigines were estimated to number from 399+999 to =;9+999* "n 1991 approximatel/

8<9+999 Aboriginal and Torres Strait "slander people were officiall/ identifiedJ fewer than 099+999 of them are of homogenous ancestr/+ with the remainder mixed Aboriginal and uropean >-erndt+ !* '* 199:@*81 -* Labor The most prominent labor organi,ation is the Australian Council of Trade &nions >ACT&@+ formed in 0A1=+ which has some ;9 affiliated trade unions* Similar to trends in most countries+ union membership has been declining since the last decades of the 19th centur/+ dropping from about half the labor force in the midD0A=9s to about oneD fourth b/ the earl/ 10st centur/* Among the largest unions are the Shop+ %istributive and Allied mplo/ees Association+ the Communit/ and Public Sector &nion+ the lectrical+ lectronic+ nerg/+ "nformation+ Postal+ Plumbing and Communications+

Allied Services &nion of Australia+ and the Australian 'anufacturing .orkersK &nion* To ameliorate labour conflict+ Australia emplo/s an arbitration s/stem that has aroused much interest in other countries* The s/stem+ uniBue to Australia and #ew Uealand+ attempts to fix wages and working conditions b/ law* The national constitution gives the federal government the right to undertake conciliation and arbitration in industrial disputes* The arbitration s/stem was first established in 0A98 b/ the Conciliation and Arbitration Act+ which created the Commonwealth Court of !econciliation and Arbitration* &nder the terms of the act+ if a dispute cannot be solved b/ collective bargaining or conciliation+ then either the emplo/er or the trade union concerned can take the dispute to the relevant court for a 4udicial decision that has the force of law* Strikes are not forbidden+ but a union striking in defiance of a 4udicial award ma/ be held to be in contempt of court and fined accordingl/* The s/stem has been modified several times+ though its broad outlines remain intact* "n 0A;< the court+ which was vested with both 4udicial and arbitral powers >found to be in violation of the constitution@+ was replaced b/ the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission+ which in turn was supplanted in 0A=3 b/ the Australian Conciliation and
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<Internet> Berndt, R. .. (2008). A#ori ines, A+stralian. (). Bell, Rev.). Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 9, 2008, from Grolier Online http:// me. rolier.!om/! i"#in/arti!le$ assetid%0000-/0"0

Arbitration Commission* &nder the s/stem in place from 0A;< to 0A::+ the 4udges on the commission+ after hearing argument from both sides+ could set minimum wages and conditions for a large section of Australian industr/* "n 0A:: the government repealed the 0A98 act+ replacing the commission with the Australian "ndustrial !elations Commission >which also took over the responsibilities of arbitration commissions covering airline pilots+ public sector emplo/ees+ and the maritime industr/@J though the arbitral procedures were revised+ the overall s/stem remained unchanged > Au!"ra#ia( > 199:@*83 As of 199=+ Australia has a labor force of 48(@ ,i##io* which is almost half of its populace* mplo/ment is broken down as followsH agricultureH 3*<N+ industr/H 10*1N and servicesH =;*1N* &nemplo/ment is estimated at 8*8N per #ovember 199= $CIA Fa'"2oo3 -88?.( BB

C*

Public .elfare

Australia has an extensive+ multifaceted social welfare s/stem designed to address the educational+ health care+ housing+ and income needs of its citi,ens* 'ore than 8 million Australians are direct beneficiaries of income support pa/ments* $ther social welfare programs include famil/ assistance+ /outh and student support+ childDcare support+ laborDmarket assistance+ housing assistance >both rental and home ownership@+ support for people with disabilities+ support for caregivers+ support for the aged+ and retirement planning assistance* !esidential facilities for aged persons are funded b/ various sources+ including the government* An arra/ of veteransF benefits also are provided b/ the government+ including disabilit/ compensation >for veterans and their surviving spouses@+ a veteransF children education program to provide education allowances and other forms of educational assistance+ income support+ militar/ compensation and rehabilitation+ housing programs+ and health care and counseling services* $ We# are .
+3

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< 2n'#'lop3dia .ritanni'a > 2n'#'lop3dia .ritanni'a. Ultimate Reference Suite. 1hi'ago: 2n'#'lop3dia .ritanni'a. ++ <Internet> Retrieved April 12, 2008 from http&://www.'ia.gov/li!rar#/p !li'ation&/the(world( fa't!oo7/geo&/a&.html
+4

X"nternetV !etrieved Apr 8+ 199: from

www*mongaba/*comLreferenceLnewYprofilesLAu!"ra#ia*html D 1Ak D

A comprehensive network of social services is organi,ed and financed b/ the federal and state governments and b/ voluntar/ agencies* The commonwealth provides the ma4or social welfare pa/ments+ including old age and invalid pensions+ unemplo/ment compensation+ and also famil/ allowances* 'ost benefits+ but not famil/ allowances+ are indexed to inflation* revenues* The federal 'edicare s/stem+ introduced in 0A:8+ is available to all Australians* Private health insurance also is available and is subsidi,ed b/ a tax rebate* The purpose of that is to encourage private hospitals to take the pressure off the free public hospital s/stem >'ackerras+ '* >199:@*
8<

ligibilit/ for man/ benefits+ such as pensions for

the elderl/+ is sub4ect to both income and assets tests* Pa/ments come from general

C* Characteristics of the People Australia has a variet/ of people which leads to a uniBue fusion of different interests that make up Australian culture* "mportant to Australians are Art+ music+ and education Popular pastime of Australians include cricket+ rugb/+ football+ and /achting* The people were found to be placid+ happ/+ and Icomfortable with people of an/ color from an/ part of the world+I and this made them Irich in more wa/s than 4ust affluenceH we are rich in mind and spirit and are some of the most pleasant people Zin a world[ which is increasingl/ becoming ugl/ and violent*I Such satisfaction with the Australian condition reflects values widel/ present in the communit/*The people have the tendenc/ of being s/mpathetic to the underprivileged* The/ tend to support the underdog even if the person deserves such status* %* ducation

ducation is compulsor/ for all Australian children between the ages of < and 0; >age 0< in Tasmania@* 'ost children+ however+ start in infantsK classes at the age of ;*
+%

<Internet> "a'7erra&, ". ,2008-. A &tralia. Encyclopedia Americana. Retrieved April 6, 2008, from =rolier >nline http://ea.grolier.'om/'gi(!in/arti'le)a&&etid*0025230(0%

)overnmentDrun schools provide free education in all populated parts of the countr/* There are also man/ feeDcharging schools affiliated with the various religious denominations* "n recent /ears+ the number of students attending these feeDcharging schools has increased dramaticall/+ particularl/ among !oman Catholics* The state governments have overriding responsibilit/ for education* However+ funds are also provided b/ the federal government at all levels >%avis+ C* '*+ P (ounger+ !* '* >199:@*
8=

* * !eligion The Australian constitution guarantees religious freedom* "t provides that there

shall be no established church and no law imposing an/ religious observances or prohibiting the free exercise of an/ religion* Australians of recent nglish or Scottish descent are generall/ Protestants+ while those of "rish descent+ as well as man/ of the more uropean settlers+ are mainl/ !oman Catholics* Since .orld .ar "" the onl/ substantial changes in the overall pattern have been the increase in the number of Catholic+ Lutheran+ and )reek $rthodox adherents and the appearance of significant "slamic and -uddhist groups+ all due to immigration* "n more remote areas the &niting Church+ mainl/ former 'ethodists and Presb/terians+ has replaced individual Protestant denominationsJ in the cities the fusion has not been so complete* !oman Catholic schools are widespread+ and in the larger cities each Protestant denomination supports schools giving religious instruction that supplement the secular state schools* 2arious universities have residential colleges of the principal religious groups* A steadil/ increasing number of Au!"ra#ia*! acknowledge no religious affiliation whatsoever* At the 1990 census 0;*;N of respondents stated that the/ had no religion+ and 00*=N chose to ignore the Buestion of their faith* The ratios of those acknowledging affiliation with Christianit/ wereH Anglican+ 19*=NJ !oman Catholic+ 1<*<NJ &niting
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<Internet> %avis+ C* '*+ P (ounger+ !* '* >199:@* Australia* The New Book of nowledge!* !etrieved April A+ 199:+ from )rolier $nline httpHLLnbk*grolier*comLcgiD binLarticleQassetidRa1990:39Dh

Church+ <*=NJ Presb/terian+ 3*8NJ $rthodox+ 1*:NJ Lutheran+ 0*3NJ and -aptist+ 0*<N* Among nonDChristians+ 'uslims+ 5ews+ and -uddhists represent some ;N of the population* F* Anal/sis a* Capabilities The people are highl/ educated+ having a literac/ rate of almost 099 percent* "ts High ethical standards and levels of skills in professional and working life becomes its potential asset for increased socioeconomic development* b* 2ulnerabilities Social problems have been evident due to the rising of broken homes which man/ believe are the conseBuence of waning church influence* !ecords show that almost 1 million people do not engage in religious activities* "t is roughl/ 09 percent of its total population which is harmful to social harmon/* Toda/+ the populace of Australia is roughl/ 19*8 million over a

vast land area of =*< million sB km >1*= people L sB km@ as compared to the Philippines with A0 million people over an area of 1A:+018 sBuare kilometers >39;* ; people L sB km@*8:

c* Probable Courses of Action The Australian government is likel/ to continue its

Population building through its ope* po#i'1 o* i,,igra"io* b/ allowing more skilled workers to sta/* As of 'a/ 199:+ Australia is opening its door to 099+999 skilled immigrants*
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The %epartment of "mmigration and Citi,enship has

increased the number of test locations in the #orthern Territor/ which is indicative of the countr/Fs attention on its #orthern portion* Australia will continue with its arbitration s/stem that allows

federal government to undertake conciliation and arbitration in industrial disputes developing from wages and working condition issues* The same s/stem is being adopted between union organi,ations and management in the PhilippinesF although as a palliative means to diffuse labor disputes*

CHAPTER VI P$L"T"CAL "#T LL") #C The government of the countr/ is democratic+ led b/ the governorDgeneral* The Cueen of ngland holds s/mbolic executive power* -ecause of this close cultural tie to )reat -ritain+ Australia has been involved in man/ events along with ngland+ including both world wars* Presentl/+ the countr/ en4o/s health/ relations with 5apan+ man/ nations of Southeast Asia and urope+ the &nited States+ and neighboring #ew Uealand*8A A* -asic Principles of )overnment > Costigan+ Peter* IPostwar Australia*I Encyclopedia Americana* 199:@*;9 AustraliaFs constitution was approved on 5ul/ A+ 0A99+ and went into effect on 5anuar/ 0+ 0A90* "t is partl/ modeled after the &*S* constitution+ but it does not include a \bill of rights*] The constitution establishes a federal s/stem+ whereb/ the national government+ or commonwealth+ and the states share power* The constitution clearl/ defines the powers of the commonwealth+ and residual powers reside with the states* "n the event that commonwealth law is inconsistent with state law+ commonwealth law takes precedence* ;0 The Australian political s/stem combines -ritishDst/le cabinet government+ responsible to Parliament+ with a &*S*Dst/le written federal constitution+ which is the supreme law of the land and is 4udiciall/ interpreted* The -ritish monarch is also the Australian monarch* $n the advice of the Australian prime minister+ the monarch appoints a governorDgeneral to act as an
+6 40

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<Internet> Retrieved Apr 2%, 2008 from http://www.we&harefo ndation.org/a &tralia('p.htm <Internet> =rolier >nline. Retrieved Apr 6, 2008 from http://ea.grolier.'om/'gi(!in/arti'le)a&&etid*0025230(10>. <Internet> Retrieved Apr +, 2008 from

www.monga!a#.'om/referen'e/new9profile&/A &tralia.html

independent representative of the crown* The functions of the governorDgeneral+ unlike those of the monarch in -ritain+ are stated in AustraliaKs constitution* %espite that explicitness+ there has been some dispute as to whether the governorDgeneral or the monarch is actuall/ AustraliaKs head of state+ with some observers distinguishing between the monarch as the s/mbolic head of state and the governorDgeneral as the constitutional head of state* $ver the /ears opinion has shifted in favor of the governorD general* "n 5une 0AAA the Australian High Court declared for the first time that it considered the &nited 6ingdom a C oreig* po%er(C Federal parliamentar/ democrac/* Hea+ o !"a"eDD-ritish monarch+ represented b/ a governorDgeneral* Hea+ o go;er*,e*"DDprime minister* Legi!#a"ureDDFederal Parliament >made up of the Senate and the House of !epresentatives@* C&ie o S"a"eH Cueen of Australia L"UA- TH "" >since < Februar/ 0A;1@J represented b/ )overnor )eneral 'a4* )en* >!et*@ 'ichael 5 FF !( >since 00 August 1993@ Hea+ o Go;er*,e*"H Prime 'inister 6evin !&%% >since 3 %ecember 199=@J %eput/ Prime 'inister 5ulia )"LLA!% >since 3 %ecember 199=@ Ca2i*e"6 prime minister nominates+ from among members of Parliament+ candidates who are subseBuentl/ sworn in b/ the governor general to serve as government ministers

lectionsH noneJ the monarch is hereditar/J go;er*or ge*era# appointed b/ the monarch LCueen on the recommendation of the prime ministerJ following legislative elections+ the leader of the ma4orit/ part/ or leader of a ma4orit/ coalition is sworn in as prime minister b/ the governor general

=ra*'&e! o Go;er*,e*"6

The nominal head of state is the governor general+ who is appointed b/ the prime minister in consultation with the -ritish monarch* Although the constitution stipulates that the -ritish monarch shall appoint the governor general+ the prime minister actuall/ decides who will serve in this capacit/* Australia has a bicameral parliament+ consisting of the =<Dmember Senate and the 0;9Dmember House of !epresentatives* ach state has 01 senators+ and each territor/ has two senators+ regardless of population* Seats in the House are apportioned b/ population+ but no state can have fewer than five representatives* The ma4orit/ part/ >or part/ coalition@ in the House of !epresentatives forms the government and appoints its leader as prime minister+ whereupon he or she selects cabinet ministers from both chambers of parliament* The ministers are accountable to parliament+ which has the right to Buestion them publicl/* -oth houses of parliament ma/ initiate ordinar/ legislative proposals+ but all revenue bills must originate in the House* A simple ma4orit/ is needed to adopt a bill in either house* A bill passed b/ one house is transmitted to the other for concurrence* "f passed b/ both houses+ the bill is submitted to the governor general for ro/al assent in the name of the Bueen*
5-

Australia has an independent 4udiciar/* Civil and criminal courts exist at the federal+ state+ and territorial levels* At the pinnacle of the federal court s/stem stands the sevenDmember High Court+ which has ultimate responsibilit/ for appeals and constitutional reviews* State and territorial supreme+ district+ and count/ courts handle ma4or cases* 'agistratesF and specialistsF courts handle minor cases* A+,i*i!"ra"i;e Di;i!io*!6 Australia is divided into !i/ $0. !"a"e! >#ew South .ales+ Cueensland+ South Australia+ Tasmania+ 2ictoria+ and .estern Australia@ and two >1@ of Canberra+ and the #orthern Territor/@* principal selfD governing territories >the Australian Capital Territor/+ which includes the national capital

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42

Australia also administers a number of territories and dependencies+ including the Ashmore and Cartier "slands+ Christmas "sland+ the Cocos >6eeling@ "slands+ the Coral Sea "slands+ Heard "sland and the 'c%onald "slands+ and #orfolk "sland* 5A

Table 1 Com"arati#e Terminolo$y$%

E*"i"1

Hea+ o S"a"e

Hea+ o Go;er*,e *" Pri,e Mi*i!"er

Upper Hou!e o Par#ia,e *" Hou!e o Se*a"e Legislative Council >0A11@ Legislative #one 'P 'HA Abolished Assembl/ House of Assembl/ Legislative Council Legislative Assembl/ 'LC Repre!e*"a"i;e ! Se*a"o r 'LC MP 'LA Lo%er Hou!e o Par#ia,e*" Me,2er o Par#ia,e*"D

Australia #ew South .ales 2ictoria Cueenslan d South Australia Tasmania .estern Australia Australian Capital Territor/ #orthern Territor/

Go;er*orGe*era#

)overnor

Premier

'LA

Chief 'inister Administrat or Chief 'inister #one Shire Council #one

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43 4+

<Internet> Retrieved "ar'h 28, 2008 from en.wi7ipedia.org

#orfolk "sland Christmas "sland Cocos >6eeling@ "slands ?Note# The abbre%iation M! is an acceptable( and indeed more common term for members of each lower house. The &ationals 'eaders ( )ep ty 'eaders 'a/orLShire President

!re*iers and #hie+ Ministers o+ states and territories

Table 2 Pre,ier! o "&e Au!"ra#ia* !"a"e!$$

Po!" Chief 'inister for the #orthern Territor/ of Australia Chief 'inister of the Australian Capital Territor/ Premier of South Australia Premier of Tasmania Premier of #ew South .ales Premier of .estern Australia Chief 'inister of #orfolk "sland Premier of 2ictoria Premier of Cueensland
44

Appoi*"ee 'r Paul Henderson 'LA 'r 5on Stanhope 'LA The Hon 'ike !ann 'HA The Hon Paul Lennon 'HA The Hon 'orris "emma 'LA The Hon Alan Carpenter 'LA 'r Andre #obbs 'LA The Hon 5ohn -rumb/ 'LA The Hon Anna -ligh 'P

Po#i"i'a# par"1 ALP ALP ALP ALP ALP ALP

Appoi*"e+ #ovember 199= #ovember 1990 'arch 1991 'arch 1998 August 199; 5anuar/ 199< 'arch 199=

ALP ALP

5ul/ 199= September 199=

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Lea+er! 'C."LL"A'S+ .illiam 5ames PA) + !t Hon arle Christmas )rafton >later Sir arle@ CA' !$#+ Hon Archie )albraith Arthur@

Perio+ o Ser;i'e 1; Februar/ 0A19"D; April 0A10 ; April 0A10D03 September 0A3A"" >=D1< April 0A3A Prime 'inister@ 03 September 0A3AD0< $ctober 0A89 01 'arch 0A80D1< 'arch 0A;: >1A AugustD= $ctober 0A80 Prime 'inister@ >= $ctober 0A80D0< September 0A83 $pposition Leader@

FA%% #+ !t Hon Arthur .illiam >later Sir 0< $ctober 0A89D01 'arch 0A80 >Acting@

'c . #+ !t Hon 5ohn >later Sir 5ohn@

1< 'arch 0A;:D0 Februar/ 0A=0 >0A %ecember 0A<=D09 5anuar/ 0A<: Prime 'inister@

A#TH$#(+ !t 5ohn %ouglas S"#CLA"!+ !t Hon "an 'cCahon -L&#T+ Charles .illiam F"SCH !+ Hon Timoth/ Andrew A#% !S$#+ Hon 5ohn %uncan 2A"L + Hon 'ark Anthon/ 5ames Truss+ Hon .arren rrol Figure % - Na"io*a# Par"1 Lea+er!

0 Februar/ 0A=0D0= 5anuar/ 0A:8 0= 5anuar/ 0A:8DA 'a/ 0A:A A 'a/ 0A:AD< April 0AA9 09 April 0AA9D0 5ul/ 0AAA 0 5ul/ 0AAAD< 5ul/ 199; < 5ul/ 199; D 1< #ovember 199= %ecember 3 D

>AustraliaH )overnment+ Politics+ and LawH Political Parties@ .. lectoral S/stem > Fratfiles nLd@*;<

The Australian government considers the right to vote in elections a great and responsible privilege* .henever elections are held in Australia+ there is usuall/ a ninet/ percent turnout for the elections* There is a good reason for the high turnout for the elections because voters are fined for not exercising their right to vote*
4%

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The Labor Part/ swept the elections in #ov 199= when Labor leader 6evin !udd won and replaced Howard as prime minister* "n 199:+ !udd opened the parliament with a historic apolog/ to the Aborigines for the suffering the government had caused them* From the 0:99Ks to the 0A<9Ks+ the government had forcibl/ taken Aboriginal childrenDDknown as the Stolen )enerationsDD from their homes to live in Anglo communities and learn Anglo wa/s* !udd hoped the apolog/ would be the first step toward reconciliation >%avis+ C* '*+ P (ounger+ !* '* >199:@*;=

Table & 'olitics o( Australia 5)

AhideB
vCdCe

'olitics o( Australia
$arliament * Do &e of Repre&entative& * /enate * Digh 1o rt * Commonwealth 0ower 'o rt& * E een * =overnor(=eneral * $rime "ini&ter * 1a!inet * 2Fe' tive 1o n'il * "ini&tr#

+ederal elections

pre-1969 * 16%6 * 1652 * 165+ * 1654 * 1655 * 1680 * 1683 * 168+ * 1685 * 1660 * 1663 * 166% * 1668 * 2001 * 200+ * 2005 * next

State,territory elections A1; ,200+ ele'tion- * :/G ,2005 ele'tion- * :; ,2004 ele'tion- * E08
45

<Internet> %avis+ C* '*+ P (ounger+ !* '* >199:@* Australia* The New Book of nowledge!* !etrieved April A+ 199:+ from )rolier $nline httpHLLnbk*grolier*comLcgiD binLarticleQassetidRa1990:39Dh
48

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,200% ele'tion- * /A ,neFt ele'tionele'tion- * GA ,2004 ele'tion-

* ;A/ ,200% ele'tion- * HI1 ,200%

'olitical "arties

A &tralian 8emo'rat& * A &tralian =reen& * A &tralian 0a!or $art# * @amil# @ir&t $art# * 0i!eral $art# of A &tralia * :ational $art# of A &tralia * "i'ro(partie&

1. Provincial and Local )overnment > Fratfiles nLd@*;A Australia has eight >:@ 4urisdictionsH six ><@ states and two >1@ territories* ach

state has a full apparatus of government comparable to that of the commonwealthH an appointed governor representing the crown+ a premier and cabinet+ a supreme court and other courts+ and a permanent public service* The lower house of the state parliament is called the Legi!#a"i;e A!!e,2#1 >in #ew South .ales+ 2ictoria+ Cueensland+ and .estern Australia@ or the House of Assembl/ >in South Australia and Tasmania@* There is an upper house+ called the Legi!#a"i;e Cou*'i#+ in each state except Cueensland+ which has a unicameral parliament* The Australian Capital Territor/ >ACT@ and #orthern Territor/ >#T@ each have a unicameral Legislative Assembl/ with no representative of the crown* The ACT+ which is the eBuivalent of the %istrict of Columbia in the &nited States+ has no local government because of its small area* The other seven 4urisdictions are each divided into local government areas+ which derive their powers from the state or territor/ and are sub4ect to change b/ it* "ndeed+ 2ictoria dissolved all its local bodies in 0AA8+ appointed temporar/ administrators+ and then enacted an entirel/ new s/stem of local government*

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httpHLLen*wikipedia*orgLwikiL"mageH$ldYandY#ewYParliamentYHouseYCanberra*4p g

+i$ure - !ld and New 'arliament

%.

%* Civil Service Au!"ra#ia*! use the term public ser%ice( rather than ci%il ser%ice. Au!"ra#iaKs public service is large+ permanent+ professional+ and substantiall/ nonpolitical* Although the departments of government are under ministerial control+ the/ have public servants as permanent heads* The service ethos demands that the civil bureaucrac/ serve the government of the da/ regardless of its political coloration* This neutral professionalism in the public

%0

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service is vital to the political s/stem* The extent of the bureaucrac/Ks polic/ influence depends on the incisiveness and polic/ capacit/ of ministers* * Pressure )roups Au!"ra#ia Group $AG.6 stablished in 0A:; to limit the spread of chemical and

biological weapons >C-.@ through the control of exports of chemical precursors+ eBuipment+ agents+ and organisms* As of 5anuar/ 199:+ there were 3A members in the Australia )roup $NTI: -889.( <0 Nu'#ear Free Au!"ra#ia ensures exclusive use of nuclear power for electricit/ generation* Since the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and #agasaki in 0A8;+ the world has known of the horrors of the nuclear threat* The massive stockpile of nuclear weapons that has risen since D to the point that the planet could be blown up thousands of times over D compounds peopleFs fear of nuclear devastation+ and shows the absurdit/ and destructiveness that those in power have /ielded on our living planet $Nu'#ear Free Au!"ra#ia.(
<1

Last 5anuar/ 1A+ 199:+ Si*on Benson reported that the #S. )overnment is planning to excavate a secret radioactive dump on premium harbourfront real estate and truck the dangerous material to S/dne/Ks western suburbs* A compan/ contracted b/ T&e Dai#1 Te#egrap& detected radioactive gamma ra/s of up to 09 times higher than acceptable exposure levels at the site D which residents are now onl/ learning was once home to AustraliaKs first uranium processing plant* However+ both the %epartment of nvironment and #S. Health maintained the site was completel/ safe*

F* )overnment in Practice -icameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate >=< seatsJ 01 members from each of the six states and 1 from each of the two mainland territoriesJ oneDhalf of state members are elected ever/ three /ears b/ popular vote to serve sixD/ear terms
%1 %2

< Internet> Retrieved Apr 5, 2008 from www*nti*orgLdbLsubmarinesLau!"ra#iaLindex*html D 89k < Internet> Retrieved Apr 12, 2008 from http://www.n 7efreea &.org/'ampaign&/indeF.html

while all territor/ members are elected ever/ three /ears@ and the House of !epresentatives >0;9 seatsJ members elected b/ popular preferential vote to serve terms of up to threeD/earsJ no state can have fewer than ; representatives@ lectionsH Senate D last held 18 #ovember 199= >next to be held no later than 1909@J House of !epresentatives D last held 18 #ovember 199= >next to be called no later than 1909@ lection resultsH Senate D percent of vote b/ part/ D #AJ seats b/ part/ D Liberal Part/D #ational Part/ coalition 3=+ Australian Labor Part/ 31+ Australian )reens ;+ Famil/ First Part/ 0+ other 0J House of !epresentatives D percent of vote b/ part/ D #ANJ seats b/ part/ D Australian Labor Part/ :3+ Liberal Part/ ;;+ #ational Part/ 09+ independents 1 High Court >the chief 4ustice and six other 4ustices are appointed b/ the governor general$ CIA Fa'"2oo3.( <3 T/peH federal parliamentar/ state* )overnment leaders >199:@H 'ichael 5effer/EgovernorDgeneralJ 6evin !uddEprime minister* LegislatureH bicameral Parliament* Political subdivisionsH < states+ 3 territories+ < dependent areas*

$Au!"ra#ia* I*"e##ige*'e Co,,u*i"1.(

0B

Like other branches of government+ the ke/ accountabilit/ mechanism appl/ing to intelligence agencies is their relationship to ministersH The $ffice of #ational Assessment >$#A@ to the Prime 'inisterJ %S%+ %"$ and %")$ to the 'inister for %efenceJ and AS"S to the 'inister for Foreign Affairs* 'inisters+ individuall/ and collectivel/+ oversee agenciesK activities+ approve their budgets and+ in man/ cases+ ministerial approval is reBuired for individual operations* The sense of accountabilit/ to
%3

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ministers is deepl/ embedded in the culture of the intelligence agencies* There is no hint in Australia of the semiDdetachment from governmental structures and lines of authorit/ that is a feature of some intelligence s/stems*

+i$ure ) / Australian ntelli$ence Community %5

%4

<Internet> Retrieved April 13, 2008 from http://www.a&io.gov.a /A!o t/1ontent/AI1.a&pF

Figure 0 - Au!"ra#ia* I*"e##ige*'e Age*'ie! T&e O i'e o Na"io*a# A!!e!!,e*"! >$#A@ is AustraliaKs peak intelligence agenc/* "t is an autonomous bod/+ founded b/ an act of parliament under which it reports direct to the Prime 'inister* "ts primar/ role is to produce anal/tical assessments of international developments to assist the Prime 'inister+ ministers and departments in the formation of polic/ and plans* "t bases its assessments on information from within and outside government* "ntelligence is one but b/ no means the primar/ source for $#A assessments+ which have a heav/ reliance on diplomatic reporting and published information* Also+ it performs an intelligence communit/ monitoring and coordination role $#A produces six basic product t/pes which includes Current Assessment+ and the .atch !eport* )uidelines for each+ including purpose+ length and consultation reBuirements+ are published in an anal/st handbook* Also+ $#A publishes a generic st/le guides as concise+ logical and 4udgmental reports which are forward looking*

S"ra"egi' A!!e!!,e*"! Strategic Assessments are periodic reviews of AustraliaKs strategic environment+ or important aspects of it+ prepared to assist polic/ deliberations* The/ are circulated in draft to interested agencies but are not sub4ect to the formal mechanisms and the reBuirement for consensus that appl/ to #ational Assessments* Curre*"I*"e##ige*'e Repor"! 'ost of $#AKs reports are published as current intelligence in the following formsH
Current .atch

Assessment #ote

!eport !eport !eport*

"ntelligence .arning

-iographic

Like #ational Assessments+ current intelligence reports identif/ underl/ing trends+ forces for change+ turning points and motives* The/ seek to make 4udgments and not simpl/ report on developments* The/ look ahead but+ especiall/ in the case of crisis reporting+ normall/ far less than #ational Assessments* Current intelligence reports do not have to be approved b/ the Assessments -oard+ but Current Assessments are shown in draft to interested departments* .atch !eports and "ntelligence #otes are usuall/ issued without consultation outside $#A* Curre*" A!!e!!,e*" The Current Assessment is $#AKs standard form of current intelligence reporting for both political and economic issues* "t has a normal length of two to three pages of text preceded b/ a short summar/* Current Assessments are circulated in draft to the %epartments of the Prime 'inister and Cabinet and Foreign Affairs and Trade+ %"$ and other interested departments for comment*

Wa"'& Repor" $#A produces .atch !eports during crises or when responding at short notice to sudden developments* "n order to publish Buickl/+ $#A is not committed to consult with other agencies* .atch !eports do not have an/ particular length+ but ever/ effort is made to keep them as short as possible* .atch !eports are also used to provide summar/ anal/sis and narrative of an evolving situation to meet customer needs for a regular s/nthesis of information* Though .atch !eports contain more narrative than most other $#A product+ the/ should still be anal/tical in approach* I*"e##ige*'e No"e "ntelligence #otes are used to respond to particular tasking from customers or where sub4ects are specialised or sensitive+ not warranting the normal distribution of $#A product* An "ntelligence #ote is sometimes signed b/ the %irectorD)eneral* War*i*g Repor" .arning !eports are occasional products alerting customers to emerging issues which could reBuire polic/ attention or to imminent crises* =iograp&i' Repor" -iographic !eports provide anal/tical biographic portraits of foreign identities whom Australian ministers are likel/ to meet* A recent innovation is the Na"io*a# Se'uri"1 Co,,i""ee briefing note+ a short >oneD page@ note prepared for meetings of the #ational Securit/ Committee >$#A@* << $#A en4o/s a ver/ strong reputation within its customer communit/+ amongst the other intelligence agencies+ with external commentators and overseas*

%%

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T&e De e*'e I*"e##ige*'e Orga*i!a"io* $DIO.( 0? The %efence "ntelligence $rganisation >%"$@ was established in 0AA9 as the %efence $rganisationKs strategicDlevel+ allDsource intelligence assessment agenc/* %"$ is an allDsource assessment agenc/ that draws on a broad range of information+ both covertl/ and overtl/ gathered* "t is not an autonomous bod/J unlike $#A+ %"$ is a subordinate organisation within the %epartment of %efence with no separate statutor/ mandate or direct budget line* The organisationKs character and purpose is defined b/ its position* %"$Ks current role is to develop allDsource intelligence assessment to support the planning and conduct of militar/ operations+ %efence polic/ making and planning+ capabilit/ development and wider government decisionDmaking* "ts functions fall broadl/ into three main areasH strategicDlevel foreign intelligence assessment relevant to the securit/ of Australia assessment to support A%F operations and potential operations and technical assessment of weapons s/stems and defence technologies* Some level of overlap between $#A and %"$ in strategic assessments is inevitable+ given the set of common strategic issues on which each ma/ legitimatel/ report* Political and economic developments cannot be sheared off from a comprehensive assessment of defence strategic issues facing Australia* The rise of nonDtraditional securit/ threats+ terrorism in particular has placed a premium on intelligence information and assessment* %"$ must continue supporting the defence strategic polic/ and the strategic assessment needs of the Australian %efence Force>A%F@

T&e Au!"ra#ia* Se're" I*"e##ige*'e Ser;i'e $ASIS.*<:

%5

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ASIS was established in 0A;1 as a collector of secret foreign intelligence+ primaril/ in the AsiaDPacific region* The organisation grew out of+ and was modeled on+ its -ritish counterpart+ the &6 Secret "ntelligence Service >&6S"S@* The organisation was first referred to in parliament in 0A=; and was not publicl/ avowed until 0A==* ASIS works closel/ with a wide group of intelligence partners* "t has particularl/ close links with comparable services in the &6 and the &S+ and has a wide range of ties with intelligence services of other countries+ man/ of them in the Asian region* AS"S is still building its capabilities on the highDpriorit/ intelligence reBuirements which have emerged in recent /ears* ASIS is AustraliaFs overseas secret intelligence collection agenc/ for strategic intelligence work* "ts mission is to protect and promote AustraliaFs vital interests through the provision of intelligence services as directed b/ )overnment* The )overnmentKs capacit/ to make decisions+ which seek to advance AustraliaKs securit/+ foreign relations and economic wellDbeing+ depend in large measure on the Bualit/ of available information* "ntelligence is a vitall/ important source of information for )overnment and it is our role to ensure that polic/ assessments and decisions are made in an informationDrich environment* <A

The Australian Securit/ "ntelligence $rganisation > ASIO @=9 is AustraliaKs national securit/ service* ASIOKs main role is more on counter intelligence as it collects information and produce intelligence that will enable it to warn the government about activities or situations that might endanger AustraliaKs national securit/* The AS"$ Act defines Isecurit/I as the protection of Australia and its people from espionage+ sabotage+ politicall/ motivated violence+ the promotion of communal violence+ attacks on AustraliaKs defence s/stem+ and acts of foreign interference*

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+i$ure 1. AS ! 12s Canberra -1

De e*'e Sig*a#! Dire'"ora"e $DSD.(?The %efence Signals %irectorate is AustraliaKs signals intelligence agenc/* Situated within the "ntelligence and Securit/ )roup of the %epartment of %efence+ %S% provides both a vital %efence and nationalDlevel capabilit/ through the interception and reporting of foreign communications with special intelligence value*

51

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SUPPORT TO THE ADF %S% has had a longDstanding focus on effective support to militar/ operations* %S% experience during the A%FKs ast Timor deplo/ment in 0AAA has been drawn on to develop enhanced support arrangements for A%F operations* These were utilised in Afghanistan and "raBDrelated deplo/ments to the )ulf* .hile much of the collection related to "raB was b/ American or other assets+ %S% performed a number of anal/tical and technical tasks in support of coalition forces+ and provided a vital link to allied sigint organisations* SUPPORT TO COUNTER-TERRORISM %S% has made a strong contribution to the wholeDofDgovernment response to "slamic terrorism in South ast Asia* Personnel committed to the counterDterrorism effort have risen significantl/ since 1990+ and will rise further as a conseBuence of extra funding in the 1998D9; -udget* %S%Ks achievements have alread/ been considerable+ despite the significant ad4ustments necessar/ for %S% to understand the nature of this target and ad4ust its processes accordingl/* %S%Ks close cooperation with relevant government agencies has been a ke/ factor in its success* GAPS AND CHALLENGES %espite its successes+ %S% has gaps in some ke/ areas* The rapid rate of technological change and the increasing affordabilit/ of sophisticated technolog/ have created both challenges and opportunities for %S%* $ver recent /ears+ technological changes have resulted in some loss of access b/ %S%+ or in a limited abilit/ to exploit collected communications* The "nBuir/ notes %S%Ks efforts to improve access to ke/ intelligence targets+ and finds there would be merit in a periodic external review of its performance against high priorit/ and enduring targets* De e*'e I,ager1 a*+ Geo!pa"ia# Orga*i!a"io* $ DIGO.?A DIGO provides geospatial intelligence+ from imager/ and other sources+ in support of AustraliaKs defence and national interests )eospatial information is a combination of the precise location and associated attributes of natural and manDmade features* This
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combination conve/s the IwhatI and IwhereI of a feature or ob4ect on the

arthKs

surface and is the foundation upon which a wide range of information can be integrated and displa/ed* %efence information s/stems are increasingl/ being used to manage+ manipulate+ integrate+ Buer/ and displa/ digital geospatial data in support of the decision making process* These s/stems include navigation s/stems+ command support s/stems+ surveillance s/stems+ weapons platforms+ mission planning s/stems+ war games+ simulators+ and facilitiesLrange management s/stems* %")$ is a contributor to %efenceKs ob4ective of superior combat effectiveness through enhanced situational awareness and decision making* 6e/ to this is the timel/ and relevant distribution of information across %efenceKs information networks* As part of the current defence initiatives+ DIGO is committed to a high level of investment in the deplo/ment of webDbased geospatial dissemination services to improve Australia %efence ForceKs combat effectiveness "n protecting the privac/ of Australians+ the "nspector )eneral of "ntelligence and Securit/ >")"S@+ empowered b/ the )nspector*General of )ntelligence and +ecurity Act >0A:<@ to provide independent assurance to the Australian )overnment+ the Parliament and the Australian public that %")$H conducts its activities legall/+ behaves with propriet/+ complies with an/ directions from the 'inister for %efence+ and has regard for human rights $ Au!"ra#ia'! WMD Re!po*!e Capa2i#i"1: -880.
?B

"n A"$+ Australia developed the abilit/ to exploit digital imager/+ enabling for the first time the rapid anal/sis and dissemination of imager/ intelligence products to customers* &ntil 1999+ however+ %efenceKs geospatial capabilit/ remained structurall/ distinct from the imager/ function and was principall/ resident in a separate bod/ D the %efence Topographic Agenc/+ in -endigo+ 2ictoria* -ut with the development of the A"$ came increasing awareness of the close functional relationship between geospatial information >the accurate location of an ob4ect@ and imager/ >the abilit/ to capture high resolution images of a location@*
?5

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I* or,a"io* Te'&*o#og1 Co**e'"i;i"1 a,o*g "&e Age*'ie! The Foreign "ntelligence Coordination Committee >F"CC@ should develop a strateg/ for "T connectivit/ and collaborative intelligence production within the intelligence communit/+ and a strateg/ for "T connectivit/ with primar/ customers* DEFENCE INTELLIGENCE ORGANISATION The %efence "ntelligence $rganisation >%"$@ is an intelligence assessment agenc/ that provides services and advice at the national level* "ts mandate is to support %efence and )overnment decisionDmaking and assist with the planning and conduct of Australian %efence Force operations* %"$ is located in Canberra and is one of four organisations that make up the "ntelligence and Securit/ )roup in the %epartment of %efence* %"$ is responsible for assessing militar/ intelligence that focuses on global securit/ activit/+ terrorism+ defence economics+ militar/ capabilities+ and science and technolog/ that has militar/ applications* %"$Ks intelligence product and services help inform its customers on militar/ activities at home and abroad+ defence acBuisition processes+ force readiness decisions+ strategic polic/+ foreign relations and defence scientific developments $defence*gov . (?0 >$ffice of #ational Assessments@*== The 1oward 3ra. .ith Au!"ra#ia in the midst of a severe and protracted drought+ Howard became increasingl/ vulnerable on the issue of global warming* 'an/ Au!"ra#ia*! also opposed his recent labor reforms+ his appeals to nativist fears about foreign as/lum seekers+ and his support of the &*S* militar/ intervention in "raB* His

5%

X"nternetV !etrieved Apr;+ 199: from httpHLLwww*defence*gov*auLdioL

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Buest for a fourth term ended with his coalitionKs defeat in the #ovember 199= electionsJ he even lost his own seat in parliament* La2or Par"1 #ea+er <e;i* Ru++ was sworn in as prime minister on %ec* 3+ 199=* !udd immediatel/ moved to ratif/ the 6/oto Protocol on climate change and said that he would withdraw Au!"ra#ia* combat troops from "raB and apologi,e to the Aborigines for past government abuses* He also pledged to strengthen Au!"ra#iaKs ties %i"& C&i*a a*+ o"&er A!ia* *a"io*! while maintaining his nationKs historical alliance with the &nited States $Gro#ier O*#i*e .( =: )* Subversion At the moment+ Australia has no subversion concerns inside its vast territor/J although there was a Communist Part/ of Australia >CPA@ founded in 0A19 but later was dissolved in 0AA0* The CPA did not present a ma4or challenge to the Australia but rather acted as a t/pe of pressure group that gave significant influence on the trade unions+ social movements+ and the national culture* H* %omestic Polic/ Australia progressivel/ abandoned the W&i"e Au!"ra#ia Po#i'1* Partl/ in response to fears for the securit/ of the countr/+ there was a desire to expand the postwar population of little more than = million faster than the low rate of natural increase would have allowed+ and -ritain+ the traditional source of immigrants+ was unable to provide the desired numbers of at least 099+999 newcomers a /ear* Au!"ra#ia Do,e!"i' po#i'1(?@ Howard called a constitutional convention in 0AA: to reconsider AustraliaKs status as a monarch/* >Cueen li,abeth "" of -ritain is still the nominal head of state*@* Although the opinion polls indicated that 4ust under 09N of voters favored retaining the

58 56

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monarch as AustraliaKs head of state+ ;;N of voters on the referendum re4ected a change* &pon assuming office+ Howard announced a series of economic measures* e also promised action to increase 4ob opportunities and reduce the unemplo/ment rate+ which stood at :N* At the same time+ he promised tax rebates for people who use private health insurance+ rather than the government health plan+ and a new AT0 billion fund to attack environmental problems* "n %ecember 1991+ Howard unveiled a government advertising campaign entitled ILe"'! Loo3 Ou" or Au!"ra#iaC to tell the public how to spot terrorists* The campaign was inspired after a 01 $ctober 1991 car bombing of a nightclub in -ali+ "ndonesia+ that killed 0A9 tourists+ more than half of them Australian* The bombing was attributed to the terrorist group alDCaeda* "n 1990+ Australia began detaining as/lum seekers in camps while their visa applications were processed* -/ August 1990+ with the numbers of refugees in the camps swelling+ Howard ordered Australia closed to refugees seeking as/lum and refused to allow a ship carr/ing 8<9 refugees >mostl/ fleeing Afghanistan and "ran@ to land* "n 1991 Australia began building a processing center for as/lum seekers on Christmas "sland and pledged AT1*; billion over the next five /ears to strengthen AustraliaKs borders and upgrade securit/ within the countr/* His strong stance on the refugee Buestion was extremel/ popular among Australian citi,ens+ especiall/ after the attack on the .orld Trade Center in #ew (ork on 00 September 1990* The tin/ Pacific "sland nation+ #auru+ accepted the refugees+ housing about 0+199 in a detention camp* Australia promised to provide increased aid to #auru to AT0; million+ an amount that eBuals ;9N of #auruKs )%P* This process was dubbed HowardKs IPacific Solution*I Pro+u'" Sa e"1 a*+ I*"egri"1 $PSI.:9 in the Australian )overnment %epartment of Agriculture+ Fisheries and Forestr/ >%AFF@ is responsible for leading the development of national
80

polic/

on

agvet

chemicals*

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Agri'u#"ura# a*+ ;e"eri*ar1 $ag;e". chemicals include a range of chemicals primaril/ developed to protect crops+ livestock and domestic animals* The/ have brought long term benefits to Australian agriculture b/ reducing the effects of weeds+ pests and diseases on agricultural and forest production* This has led to increased productivit/+ better Bualit/ produce and more competitive industries* "* Foreign Polic/ $-8896 Ru++'! oreig* po#i'1. 94 Prime 'inister 6evin !udd+ who came to power in %ecember 199=+ has sought to define a distinctive foreign polic/ for his government+ and to distinguish it from that of his predecessor 5ohn Howard* "n 'arch 199:+ he statedH IZ%[uring the course of the next three /ears+ the world will see an increasingl/ activist Australian international polic/ in areas where we believe we ma/ be able to ,a3e a po!i"i;e +i ere*'e*I !udd said he would "a#3 "o Ce'o*o,i' po#i'1 ,a3er!C in the uropean

&nion+ the &nited States+ the &nited 6ingdom and China+ because Iit is the )overnmentKs responsibilit/ to influence international decisionDmakers as we prepare the Australian econom/ to the greatest extent possible for the turbulence ahead*IZ0[ He advocated an active multilateral partnership to cope with Iglobal economic+ securit/ and environmental challengesI+Z1[ and a Inew period of active+ creative Australian middleD power diplomac/IZ3[ That same month+ senior &nited #ations officials travelled to Canberra to meet !udd* According to The Age+ the aim was to Irepair re#a"io*!I* Hilde 5ohnson+ deput/ director of &#"C F+ stated that !udd was !&o%i*g C!"ro*ger !uppor"C or "&e U*i"e+ Na"io*! a*+ ,u#"i#a"era#i!, than his predecessor hadZ8[* %uring HowardKs premiership+ &# high commissioner for human rights 'ar/ !obinson had criticised AustraliaKs human rights record* 5ohnson stated that the new Australian government had Iexplicitl/ said thereKs going to be a change+ that the government will engage strongl/ and proDactivel/ with the &#I* For the Australian government+ -ob 'c'ullan
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said that his countr/Ks Irelationship with the ma4or multiDlateral organisations has deteriorated in a manner that is Buite contrar/ to AustraliaKs longDterm interests and needs to be repairedIZ;[*

Australia has devoted particular attention to relations between developed and developing nations+ with emphasis on the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian #ations >AS A#@ E "ndonesia+ Singapore+ 'ala/sia+ Thailand+ the Philippines+ and -runei E and the island states of the South Pacific* Australia is an active participant in the AS A# !egional Forum >A!F@+ which promotes regional cooperation on securit/ issues* Australia was a participant at the inaugural AS A# sponsored ast Asia Summit in 199;* AustraliaKs place at the summit was onl/ secured after it agreed to reverse its polic/ and sign AS A#Ks Treat/ of Amit/ and Cooperation* Australia had been reluctant to sign the treat/ out of concerns regarding how it would effect AustraliaKs obligation under other treat arrangements including A#U&S* Australia has a large bilateral aid programme >about T0*3 billion for 0AA=DA:+ mostl/ in the form of grants@ under which some <9 countries receive assistance* Papua #ew )uinea >P#)@+ a former Australian trust territor/+ is the largest recipient of Australian assistance* Starting in 0AA=DAA Australia contributed to the "'F program for Thailand and assisted "ndonesia and P#) with regional environmental crisis and drought relief efforts* Australia is part/ to the Australia+ #ew Uealand+ &nited States securit/ treat/ >A#U&S@* "t has also been a part/ of the Australia+ #ew Uealand+ &nited 6ingdom force >A#U&6@*

Au!"ra#ia EP&i#ippi*e! De;e#op,e*" A!!i!"a*'e S"ra"eg1 -88?E44

AustraliaFs overarching ob4ective is to contribute to improving the prospects for economic growth+ povert/ reduction and national stabilit/ in the Philippines >Australia G Philippines %evelopment Assistance Strateg/ 199=G00 @* >!elations with the Pacific@
:3 :1

As earl/ as 199:+ the Australian government led b/ Prime 'inister 6evin !udd began what it called a C*e% approa'&C to relations between Australia and the Pacific* Australia is a member of the Pacific "slands Forum and other regional organisations* "t has High Commissions in Fi4i+ 6iribati+ #auru+ #ew Uealand+ Papua #ew )uinea+ Samoa+ the Solomon "slands+ Tonga and 2anuatu* "t has an embass/ in the Federated States of 'icronesia* Australia also currentl/ leads the !egional Assistance 'ission to Solomon "slands+ at the reBuest of the )overnorD)eneral of the Solomon "slands* Australia provides aid to man/ of its developing Pacific "slands neighbours+ and to Papua #ew )uinea* Following the 199< riots in Tonga+ Australia sent police officers+ at TongaKs reBuest+ to help stabilise the situation in the kingdom* AustraliaKs approach to the Pacific has included freBuent references to what it has perceived as an IArc of "nstabilit/I among its island neighbours* 5* Colonial Polic/ Solo*on Islands, A stralia-s neo.colonial /*odel0 +or East Ti*or1 AustraliaFs attention in Solomon "slands is viewed as neoDcolonial model* .hile the !egional Assistance 'ission to the Solomon "slands >!A'S"@ operations are nominall/ \multinational] and a response to \invitations]+ both intervention forces are overwhelmingl/ dominated b/ Australia+ with the two local governments given little choice+ economicall/ or militaril/+ but to accede to their arrival*

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At the top of the \economic reform] priorities listed on !A'S"Fs web site are assisting the reactivation of the AustralianDowned )old !idge 'ine and Solomon "slands Plantation LimitedJ removing import dutiesJ reducing the \regulator/ burden that drives up the costs of doing business]J cutting taxation ratesJ and improving the \financial viabilit/ of stateDowned enterprises] > Head+ 'ike 199<@*
:8

^^

PresentH -inghamton &niversit/+ -inghamton+ #( H ,h.-. .andidate/0esearch Assistant * 6* #arcotics and Terrorism

Tasmania is one of the worldKs ma4or suppliers of licit opiate productsJ government maintains strict controls over areas of opium popp/ cultivation and output of popp/ straw concentrateJ ma4or consumer of cocaine and amphetamines $CIA Fa'"2oo3 -88?.( 95 L* Anal/sis a* Capabilities The Commonwealth of Australia under a federal s/stem of administration is one of the most stable governments in the world+ having an effective s/stem of providing basic services to its people* innovationsH o Prime 'inister 6evin !udd has signed the instrument of ratification of the 6/oto Protocol+ the first official act of the new )overnment which demonstrates the commitment to tackling climate change wherein some 0<3 nations have also ratified the 6/oto Protocol* AustraliaFs robust political s/stem that strengthened #ew P' 6evin !udd sets out an innovative foreign polic/ for a econom/+ thus eliminating its net debt in 199<* more active and relevant Australia in global affairs* Listed below are some polic/

8+ 84

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P' !udd opened the parliament with a historic

apolog/ to the Aborigines for the suffering the government had caused+ hoping for genuine reconciliation+ ridding off discrimination towards unit/ and development* o China o o P' !uddFs discussion of climate change with -ritish 5apan+ the &nited States and AustraliaFs discussion P' -rown indicates continued -ritishDAustralia cooperation* on international terrorism and counterterrorism measures >199<@* The 0=Dda/ international tour of P' !udd last 'arch 199:+ meeting with government leaders in the &nited States+ urope and

b* 2ulnerabilities P' 6evin !uddFs foreign polic/ hinted at looser ties with The current goals of the 6($T$ Protocol are too low G and .ashington* its timetable too long DD to effectivel/ halt the escalating instabilit/ of the global climate* c* Probable Courses of Action The Labor Part/Fs victor/ during the 199=elections installed Labor leader 6evin !udd as Prime 'inister+ replacing Howard* -efore becoming P'+ 6evin !udd was the Senior China Consultant for 6P') Australia helping Australian firms to establish and build their business links in China** His role focused on opening up trade and business opportunities for Australian corporates in China and Taiwan* P' !uddFs Labor Part/ ob4ectives will likel/ shape both domestic and Foreign policies of Australian in order to focus on education+ national securit/+ health and emplo/ment*

"n 199:+ !udd opened parliament with a historic

apolog/ to the Aborigines for the suffering the government had caused them+ hoping for reconciliation* From the 0:99Ks to the 0A<9Ks+ the government had forcibl/ taken Aboriginal childrenDDknown as the Stolen )enerationsDDfrom their homes to live in Anglo communities and learn Anglo wa/s* Australia is likel/ to give more attention to the AsiaD Pacific region to pursue its economic and securit/ agenda* Au!"ra#ia will continue to engage in cooperative defense programs with friendl/ nations in Southeast Asia while favoring minimal involvement of Super Power near the Southwest Pacific and "ndian $ceans Australian will likel/ continue close relations with the

&nited States due to its shared war experiences during .."" as well as some &*S* investments in the Au!"ra#ia* econom/* Australia will likel/ to invest more on its intelligence

facilities to remain responsive and relevant as the geoDpolitical+ economic and securit/ global challenges* ????????? Pacific >0A80G0A8;@J in 6orea >0A;9G0A;3@J in 2ietnam >0A<<G0A=1@J in the Persian )ulf >0AA0@J and in "raB >1993@*

CHAPTER VII -"$)!APH"CAL "#T LL") #C $E#iFa2e"& II of &nited 6ingdom @* :<> li,abeth Alexandra 'ar/J born 10 April 0A1<@ Z0[ is the Cueen regnant of sixteen independent states and their overseas territories and dependencies* Though she holds each crown and title separatel/ and eBuall/+ she is resident in and most directl/ involved with the &nited 6ingdom+ her oldest realm+ over parts of whose territories her ancestors have reigned for more than a thousand /ears* She ascended the thrones of seven countries in Februar/ 0A;1 on the death of her father 6ing )eorge 2"* >see Context below@*"n addition to the &nited 6ingdom+ li,abeth "" is also Cueen of Canada+ Australia+ #ew Uealand+ 5amaica+ -arbados+ the -ahamas+ )renada+ Papua #ew )uinea+ the Solomon "slands+ Tuvalu+ Saint Lucia+ Saint 2incent and the )renadines+ Antigua and -arbuda+ -eli,e+ and Saint 6itts and #evis+ in each of which she is represented b/ a )overnorD)eneral* The 0< countries of which she is Cueen are known as Commonwealth realms+ and their combined population+ including dependencies is over 01A million* "n theor/ her powers are vastJ in practice >and in accordance with convention@ she herself rarel/ intervenes in political matters* "n the &nited 6ingdom at least+ however+ she is known to take an active behindDtheDscenes interest in the affairs of state+ meeting regularl/ to establish a working relationship with her government ministers* li,abeth "" holds a variet/ of other positions+ among them Head of the Commonwealth+ Supreme )overnor of the Church of ngland+ %uke of #ormand/+ Lord of 'ann+ and Paramount Chief of Fi4i* Her long reign has seen sweeping changes in her realms and the world at large+ perhaps most notabl/ the dissolution of the -ritish mpire >a process that began in the last /ears of her fatherKs reign@ and the conseBuent evolution of the modern Commonwealth of #ations*

8%

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Since 0A8=+ the Cueen has been married to Prince Philip+ %uke of dinburgh+ born a prince of )reece and %enmark but after naturalisation known as Philip 'ountbatten and subseBuentl/ created %uke of dinburgh* To date the couple have four children and eight grandchildrenJ the eighth >2iscount Severn@ was born on 0= %ecember 199= to Prince dward and Sophie+ Countess of .essex*Z3[

Prime 'inister >6evin 'ichael !udd @*

:=

'P ,!orn 10 September 0A;=- i& the

2%th Prime 'inister of Australia and leader of the federal Australian Labor Part/ ,A0$-. Jnder R ddQ& leader&hip, the 0a!or $art# won the 199= federal election on 18 #ovember again&t the in' m!ent Liberal/#ational coalition government led !# 5ohn Howard. De and the rest of the ministr/ were &worn in !# the )overnorD)eneral, 'ichael 5effer/, on 3 %ecember 199=. !udd was born in #ambour+ Cueensland and grew up on a dair/ farm in nearb/ umundi* He boarded at 'arist College Ashgrove in -risbaneZ0[ and was dux of #ambour State High School in 0A=8*Z1[ His father+ a share farmer and Countr/ Part/ member+ died when !udd was 00 and the famil/ was compelled to leave the farm under hardship*Z3[ !udd 4oined the Australian Labor Part/ in 0A=1 at the age of 0;*Z8[ !udd studied at the Australian #ational &niversit/ in Canberra where he resided at -urgmann College and graduated with First Class Honours in Arts >Asian Studies@* He ma4ored in Chinese language and Chinese histor/+ became proficient in 'andarin and acBuired a Chinese alias+ L_ 6`wan >traditional ChineseH @*Z;[Z<[Z=[Z:[ His thesis was supervised b/ Pierre !/ckmans+ the eminent -elgianDAustralian Sinologist* ZA[ %uring his studies !udd cleaned the house of political commentator Laurie $akes to earn mone/*Z09[ "n 0A:9 he continued his Chinese studies at the #ational Taiwan #ormal &niversit/ in Taipei+ Taiwan*Z00[

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"n 0A:0+ !udd married Thar`se !ein whom he had met at a gathering of the Australian Student Christian 'ovement during his universit/ /ears* The/ have three childrenH 5essica >born 0A:8@+ #icholas >born 0A:<@ and 'arcus >born 0AA3 "n 0A:0 !udd 4oined the %epartment of Foreign Affairs+ where he served until 0A::* He and his wife spent most of the 0A:9s overseas posted at the Australian embassies in Stockholm+ Sweden and later in -ei4ing+ China* !eturning to Australia in 0A::+ he was appointed Chief of Staff to the Labor $pposition Leader in Cueensland+ .a/ne )oss* He became Chief of Staff to the Premier when the Labor part/ won office in 0A:A+ a position he held until 0AA1+ when )oss appointed him %irectorD)eneral of the $ffice of Cabinet* "n this position !udd was arguabl/ CueenslandKs most powerful bureaucrat*ZA[ "n this role he presided over a number of reforms including development of a national program for teaching foreign languages in schools* !udd was influential in both promoting a polic/ of developing an Asian languages and cultures program which was unanimousl/ accepted b/ the Council of Australian )overnments >C$A)@ in 0AA1 and later chaired a high level .orking )roup which provided the foundation of the strateg/ in its report+ which is freBuentl/ cited as Ithe !udd !eportI*Z0=[ After the )oss government lost office in 0AA;+ !udd was hired as a Senior China Consultant b/ the accounting firm 6P') Australia* He held this position while unsuccessfull/ contesting the federal seat of )riffith at the 0AA< federal election* He contested the seat again at the 0AA: election and won* !udd made his first speech to the Australian Parliament on 00 #ovember 0AA:* Z0:[ His most publicised local cause was opposition to a suggested parallel runwa/ at -risbane Airport+ against which he organised one of -risbaneKs largest public demonstrations+ receiving massive media coverage* His commitment to the issue reduced when the airport altered its plans with the support of Cueensland premier Peter -eattie+ removing !uddKs constituenc/ from pro4ected flightpaths and+ with the advice of the airportKs 3P! adviser+ renaming it a IstaggeredI runwa/+ rendering the !udd campaignKs widel/ distributed I#o Parallel !unwa/I posters outDofDdate* The

development received legall/ binding permission to proceed in 199= under 5ohn HowardKs administration* First termH 199=Gpresent $n 3 %ecember 199=+ !udd was sworn in as Prime 'inister b/ the )overnorD )eneral+ 'a4or )eneral 'ichael 5effer/*Z83[ !uddKs first official act+ on his first da/ in office+ was to sign the instrument of ratification of the 6/oto Protocol*Z88[ $n 03 Februar/ 199: !udd fulfilled an election promise to apologise to "ndigenous Australians for the stolen generation as the parliamentKs first order of business* The apolog/ was well received+Z8;[ however+ the government came under some criticism for refusing to provide victims with monetar/ compensation*Z8<[Z8=[Z8:[ Z8A[ However+ !udd did pledge the government to bridging the gap between the vast differences between "ndigenous and #onD"ndigenous Australian health+ education+ and living conditions*Z;9[ %espite bipartisan support for the apolog/+ two of !uddKs senior staff 4oined in on turning their backs part wa/ through the $pposition LeaderKs repl/* !udd did not apologise for their actions+Z;0[ but said that he would reBuire them to do so in writing* .orkChoices+ the industrial relations regime introduced b/ the Howard government+ will be overhauled and replaced with a new national s/stem* !uddKs cutbacks on public spending in state politics have flowed through+ with a Ifive point planI to combat the inflation problem it Iinherited from the previous Coalition governmentI >due in part to record low unemplo/ment+ also a legac/ of the Howard government Z;1[@+ with new training places to target skills shortages in various sectors+ and a Ira,or gangI going through the budget looking for savings+ with added pressures in the domestic and international econom/* The target surplus of the national )ross %omestic Product has also been increased from 0*9 to 0*; per cent*Z;3[Z;8[Z;;[Z;<[Z;=[ "n late 5anuar/+ !udd declared funding for homeless persons+ with the ma4or plank of the polic/ being T0;9 million in emergenc/ accommodation*Z;:[ Plans are also under wa/ for the withdrawal of Australian troops from the "raB .ar*Z;A[

The Australian Capital Territor/Ks Civil union legislation+ originall/ blocked b/ the Howard government+ will be able to proceed in the ACT Legislative Assembl/+ after !udd indicated he would not interfere in the legislative rights of state and territor/ parliaments+Z<9[ after there was initial speculation that !udd would also block the legislation*Z<0[ The Buestion of !epublicanism in Australia was also raised following the failed 0AAA referendum+ and although !udd is a republican+ he has indicated that no referendum will take place in the near future*Z<1[ "n Februar/ 199: he announced the Australia 1919 Summit+ to be held over 0A and 19 April and bringing together 0999 leading Australians to discuss ten areas he sees as critical for AustraliaKs future development*Z<3[ #ewspoll polling in Februar/ 199: saw !udd achieve a IPreferred Prime 'inisterI rating of =9 percent+ setting a new #ewspoll record for an/ Prime 'inister*Z<8[ 'arch figures set another record+ =3 to = percent* The two part/ preferred figure also set a #ewspoll record+ at <3 to 3= percent*Z<;[ !udd began a 0=Dda/ international tour in 'arch 199:+ meeting with government leaders in the &nited States+ urope and China* His knowledge of 'andarin Chinese and experience as a diplomat in China have been acknowledged b/ leaders+ with &S President )eorge -ush stating that I"tFs clear when /ou talk to Z!udd[+ he is an expert on China*IZ<<[ He also addressed students at Peking &niversit/+ -ei4ing in 'andarin* Z<=[ "n his absence 5ulia )illard served as Acting Prime 'inister+ the first woman to do so in Australia*

SENATE PRESIDENT $Par#i* o %e2.(99 F !)&S$#+ the Hon* Alan -aird Senator for South Australia Liberal Part/ of Australia !arlia*entary ser2ice Chosen b/ the Parliament of South Australia on 1<*;*0AA1 under section 0; of the Constitution to represent that State in the Senate+ vice 5. $lsen >resigned@ >term ended 39*<*0AA3@* lected 0AA3 >term began 0*=*0AA3@+ 0AA: and 1998* !arlia*entary positions Temporar/ Chair of Committees from 0*;*A< to 08*:*9=* President of the Senate from 08*:*9=* #o**ittee ser2ice Senate StandingH Publications from 0*<*A1 to 0:*:*A3J Procedure from 1*;*A<J Appropriations and Staffing from 08*:*9= >Chair from 08*:*9=@J House from 08*:*9= >Chair from 08*:*9=@* Senate Legislative and )eneral Purpose StandingH "ndustr/+ Science and Technolog/ from 0*<*A1 to 0:*;*A3J "ndustr/+ Science+ Technolog/+ Transport+ Communications and "nfrastructure from 0:*;*A3 to 09*09*A8J conomicsH !eferences Committee from 09*09*A8 to 39*<*AA >Chair from 00*09*A8 to 1A*8*A<@ and Legislation Committee from :*;*A< to A*A*A< and from :*09*A< to 39*<*AA >Chair from A*;*A< to A*A*A< and from :*09*A< to 39*<*AA@J Foreign Affairs+ %efence and TradeH Legislation

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Committee from ;*8*99 to 09*00*99 and from 0;*01*99 to 00*A*9<J Foreign Affairs+ %efence and Trade from 00*A*9< to 08*:*9=* Senate SelectH Superannuation from 0*=*A3 to A*00*A:J %angers of !adioactive .aste from 13*3*A; to 1A*8*A<J &ranium 'ining and 'illing from :*;*A< to 0;*;*A=J #ew Tax S/stem from 1<*00*A: to 39*8*AAJ A Certain 'aritime "ncident from 08*1*91 to 00*3*91 and from 19*3*91 to 13*09*91J Scrafton vidence from 39*:*98 to A*01*98* Senate stimatesH from <*;*A3 to :*1*A8J A from :*1*A8 to 09*09*A8*

5oint Statutor/H Public .orks from 1A*;*A< to 00*:*9;J AS"$+ AS"S and %S% from 1:*:*91 to 1*01*9;J "ntelligence and Securit/ from 1*01*9; to 08*:*9=J -roadcasting of Parliamentar/ Proceedings from 08*:*9= >Chair from 08*:*9=@* 5oint StandingH #ational Capital and xternal Territories from 13*09*A; to 1=*;*A=J

Foreign Affairs+ %efence and Trade from =*;*A= >Chair from 0*=*AA@ to 08*:*9=*

The %eput/ Prime 'inister of Australia is the secondDmost senior officer in the )overnment of Australia* "t is an honorar/ position appointed b/ the )overnorD)eneral on the advice of the Prime 'inister* The current %eput/ Prime 'inister is LaborKs 5ulia )illard+ who took over from the #ationalsK leader 'ark 2aile as the countr/Ks first female deput/ prime minister on 3 %ecember 199=+ following the 199= general election* 5ulia ileen )illard >born 1A September 0A<0@ is the %eput/ Prime 'inister of

Australia and deput/ leader of the federal Australian Labor Part/ >ALP@* 5ulia )illard was born in -arr/+ .ales* "n 0A<< she migrated to Australia with her famil/+ settling in Adelaide* )illard attended &nle/ High School+ graduating in 0A=:* She then attended the &niversit/ of Adelaide but later moved to 'elbourne* "n 0A:< she graduated from the &niversit/ of 'elbourne with arts and law degrees and+ the following /ear+ 4oined the law firm Slater P )ordon at .erribee+ working in the area of industrial law* "n 0AA9 she was admitted as one of their first women partners* 5ulia )illard has been an ALP member of the Australian House of !epresentatives since $ctober 0AA:+ representing the %ivision of Lalor+ 2ictoria* She was elected unopposed as %eput/ Leader on 8 %ecember 199<* She also became the Shadow 'inister for mplo/ment and "ndustrial !elations and the Shadow 'inister for Social "nclusion on 09 %ecember 199<*Z0[ Following LaborKs victor/ in the 199= Federal lection+ Prime 'inister 6evin

!udd announced that )illard would serve as the 'inister for ducation+ the 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations and also the 'inister for Social "nclusion*Z1[ She is the first woman D and the first foreignDborn person D to hold the position of %eput/ Prime 'inister* She is the highest ranking woman in the histor/ of the Australian government* From 00 to 03 %ecember 199=Z3[she assumed the role of Acting Prime 'inister after 6evin !udd attended the &nited #ations Climate Change Conference in

-ali+ and became the first woman in AustraliaKs histor/ to be in the Prime 'inisterial role* Z8[ Au!"ra#ia* De e*'e Mi*i!"er T&e Ho*( 7oe# Fi"Fgi22o* MP Mi*i!"er or De e*'e $%ept of defence@ 9@ 5oel Fit,gibbon was first elected to the Federal Parliament in 'arch 0AA< as the member for Hunter* Since 0AA:+ 'r Fit,gibbon has served on the Labor front bench in a number of portfolios including Small -usiness+ Tourism+ -anking and Financial Services+ Forestr/+ 'ining and nerg/+ and Assistant Treasurer* After leaving school 5oel completed an apprenticeship as an automotive electrician and subseBuentl/ spent 09 /ears running his own small business* He also served eight /ears as a Councillor on Cessnock Cit/ Council including a term as %eput/ 'a/or* "n 1998+ he completed a )raduate Certificate in -usiness Administration at the &niversit/ of #ewcastle* arlier as a mature age student+ 5oel had completed a number of sub4ects towards an ArtsLLaw degree at the &niversit/ of #ew ngland* 'r Fit,gibbon grew up in the Hunter town of Cessnock where he continues to live toda/ with his wife %ianne and their three children D Caitlin+ 5ack and )race* 5oel has a keen interest in sport* He pla/ed rugb/ league for Cessnock in his /ounger da/s and continues toda/ to help out with the 4unior league where and when he can* 5oel Fit,gibbon was sworn in as the Federal 'inister for %efence on 3 %ecember 199=* SPEA<ER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE > @ * A9 'r Harr/ 5enkins 'P+ Speaker of the House of !epresentatives

86 60

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'r Harr/ 5enkins is the 1:th Speaker of the House* He has been a 'ember of Parliament since 0A:< representing the 2ictorian electorate of Scullin+ having won the seat following the resignation of his father+ the Hon %r HA 5enkins* 'r 5enkins was elected Speaker of the House of !epresentatives on 01 Februar/ 199:* 'r 5enkins has served on a number of Parliamentar/ Committees and was %eput/ Chair of Committees from :*;*A9 to :*1*A3* He was %eput/ Speaker from 8*;*A3 to 1A*0*A< and Second %eput/ Speaker from 39*8*A< to 0;*09*9=* 'r 5enkins has represented the Parliament on a number of delegations and conferences* Prior to entering Parliament+ 'r 5enkins served in Local )overnment as an elected Councillor of the .hittlesea Shire Council from 0A=AD:<* He was President of .hittlesea Shire Council from 0A:8D:;* -efore entering the Commonwealth Parliament+ 'r 5enkins was a Public Servant* He has a -Sc from the Australian #ational &niversit/ >A#&@* The Speaker is the principal office holder in the House of !epresentatives* "n addition to basic work as a 'ember+ the Speaker presides at meetings of the House+ represents the Chamber in dealings with )overnment and with other authorities+ and in con4unction with the President of the Senate+ oversees the ParliamentKs administration*

$ther Senior %efence leaders > @ *

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<Internet> Retrieved April 13, 2008 from http://www.defen'e.gov.a /leader&.'fmNwarner

Se're"ar1 o De e*'e #ick .arner was appointed as the Secretar/ of %efence on 8 %ecember 199<* Prior to taking up this position he was the Senior Adviser >"nternational@ to the Prime 'inister+ a role he occupied from 5ul/ 199;* 'r .arner has held a number of senior positions+ most recentl/ as %eput/ Secretar/+ in the %epartment of Foreign Affairs and Trade* These have included First Assistant Secretar/+ South Pacific+ Africa and 'iddle ast %ivision >1993@+ First Assistant Secretar/+ South and South ast Asia %ivision >0AA:DAA@+ Acting First Assistant Secretar/+ Public Affairs and Consular %ivision >0AA=DA:@+ Assistant Secretar/+ Parliamentar/ and 'edia -ranch and Senior Spokesman >0AA=DA:@+ %irector+ Central and Southern Africa Section >0AA9DA0@ and %irector+ South Asia+ Africa+ 'iddle ast Trade Section >0A::D:A@* "n the $ffice of #ational Assessments+ 'r .arner held the positions of %eput/ Head+ Current "ntelligence -ranch and #ational Assessments $fficer for Africa >0A=AD::@* 'r .arner worked in the 5oint "ntelligence $rganisation >0A=3D==@* $verseas+ 'r .arner has served as the Special Coordinator of the !egional Assistance 'ission to Solomon "slands >1993D1998@+ High Commissioner+ Port 'oresb/ >0AAAD1993@+ Ambassador+ Tehran >0AA8DA=@+ %eput/ Head of 'ission+ Australian Permanent 'ission to the Supreme #ational Council+ Cambodia >0AA0DA3@ and Head+ Australian Liaison $ffice+ #amibia >0A:ADA9@+ and in the Australian Liaison $ffice+ Salisbur/+ !hodesia >0A:9@* -orn in Singapore+ 'r .arner holds a -achelor of Arts degree with honours in Histor/ and Asian Studies and a 'aster of Arts degree in Histor/ from the Australian #ational &niversit/* T&e Ho*( Warre* S*o%+o* MP Mi*i!"er or De e*'e S'ie*'e a*+ Per!o**e#

.arren dward Snowdon is the federal member for Lingiari and was previousl/ the member for #orthern Territor/* He has held these seats from 0A:= to 0AA< and from 0AA: to the present* -orn in 0A;9 in Canberra+ .arren attended St -enedictFs Primar/ School and St dmundFs College* He holds a -achelor of Arts degree from the Australian #ational &niversit/ and a %iploma of ducation from 'urdoch &niversit/* -efore entering politics+ he worked as a researcher at the A#&+ a school teacher and a polic/ officer at the Central Land Council* .arren is an extremel/ active parliamentarian and in the previous parliament was a member of three parliamentar/ committees including+ the House of !epresentatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal and Torres Strait "slander Affairs+ the 5oint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs+ %efence and Trade and the 5oint Standing Committee on the #ational Capital and xternal Territories* As a member of parliament+ he has served as Parliamentar/ Secretar/ to the 'inister for Transport and Communications >0AA9D1@+ Parliamentar/ Secretar/ to the 'inister for mplo/ment+ ducation and Training >0AA1D<@+ Parliamentar/ Secretar/ to the 'inister for nvironment+ Sport and Territories >0AA3D<@ and Parliamentar/ Secretar/ >Territories@ >0AA3D8@* Having first moved to the #orthern Territor/ in 0A=< to work as a teacher+ .arren now lives in Alice Springs with his partner+ li,abeth 2erstappen+ and their four children+ Frances+ Tom+ Tessa and 5ack*

Air C&ie Mar!&a# A##a* Gra*" $A*gu!. Hou!"o*: AC: AFC Chief of the %efence Force >C%F@

Allan )rant >Angus@ Houston 4oined the !o/al Australian Air Force >!AAF@ as a cadet pilot in 0A=9* He spent the earl/ part of his career fl/ing "roBuois helicopters in various parts of Australia+ Papua #ew )uinea and "ndonesia* He is a Bualified Flight "nstructor and completed several instructional tours on 'acchi+ -AC Strikemaster and "roBuois aircraft in the late 0A=9Ks* He also served on exchange with the !epublic of Singapore Air Force >!SAF@ and in late 0A=A was posted to Hill Air Force -ase+ &tah for exchange duties with a &nited States Air Force helicopter unit* Air Chief 'arshal HoustonKs principal command appointments include #umber A SBuadron in 0A:=+ during the introduction of the -lackhawk+ the relocation of the unit from Amberle/ to Townsville and its transfer to Arm/+ ; th Aviation !egiment in 0A:A and #umber :< .ing from 0AA8D0AA;* He was also Commander "ntegrated Air %efence S/stem from 0AAAD1999* Air Chief 'arshal Houston has wide staff experience having served on the 5oint $perations staff at HeadBuarters Australian %efence during the )ulf crisis of 0AA9D 0AA0* He was the %irector Air Force Polic/ during 0AA1D0AA3 where he negotiated the establishment of the !SAF Fl/ing School at !AAF -ase Pearce* He also served at HeadBuarters Australian Theatre from 0AA=D0AAA as Chief of Staff+ and Head Strategic Command from 1999D1990* He was promoted to Air Chief 'arshal and assumed his current appointment as Chief of the %efence Force on 8th 5ul/ 199; after four /ears as Chief of Air Force* He is a graduate of the Fl/ing "nstructors Course >0A=;@+ !AAF Staff College >0A:;@+ 5oint Services Staff College >0AA9@ and the !o/al College of %efence Studies in London >0AA<@* "n 199:+ Air Chief 'arshal Houston was made a Companion of the $rder of Australia+ having previousl/ been appointed a 'ember in 0AA9 and advanced as an $fficer in 1993* "n 0A:9 he was awarded the Air Force Cross* Angus Houston and his wife Li,+ who is a teacher+ have three sons*

Air Chief 'arshal Houston is the third !AAF officer to be appointed to the most senior position in the Australian %efence Force* Air Chief 'arshal Sir Frederick Scherger+ 6- + C-+ %S$+ AFC was Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee from 'a/ 0A<0 to 'a/ 0A<<+ and Air Chief 'arshal Sir #eville 'c#amara+ 6- + A$+ AFC+ A was Chief of %efence Force Staff from April 0A:1 to April 0A:8* Dr S"ep&e* Gu,#e1 Chief xecutive $fficer of the %efence 'ateriel $rganisation >C $ %'$@ Pro e!!io*a# E/perie*'e %r )umle/ is an internationall/ experienced senior executive and entrepreneur+ who has successfull/ built+ managed and directed man/ national and international entities* He has fostered significant performance growth within numerous industries and led extensive development of international alliances+ strategic direction+ public representation and managed 'ergers and AcBuisitions* "n Februar/ 1998+ %r )umle/ was appointed the inaugural Chief xecutive

$fficer of the %efence 'ateriel $rganisation >%'$@ part of the Australian %epartment of %efence and responsible for acBuiring and sustaining all militar/ eBuipment* He guided the organisation in its transition to an Australian )overnment Prescribed Agenc/ on 0 5ul/ 199;* "n 199=L9: %'$ has a cash budget of over TA billion >83N of %efenceFs budget and 9*AN of AustraliaFs )%P@ and about =999 staff* Additionall/+ %r )umle/ is #ational Armaments %irector >Australia@* &nder a 'inisterial %irective+ he is accountable to the 'inister for %efence for %'$ performance* %'$ has approximatel/ T<; billion of pro4ects under management and a further T89 billion of whole of life sustainment commitment over the next 09 /ears* "t is AustraliaFs largest pro4ect manager+ responsible for more than 199 ma4or acBuisitions >each over T19m+ some T<D01 billion@ and several hundred sustainment pro4ects across air+ land+ maritime and electronic domains+ each at different stages from initial

planning and costing to procurement+ finalisation+ and maintenance in service with the Australian %efence Force* "n 5ul/ 1991+ %r )umle/ commenced as Chief $ctober 1991* xecutive $fficer of the

Australian Submarine Corporation >ASC@ and also became 'anaging %irector in After overseeing the end of the Collins Class submarines build program+ he managed and implemented the transition of ASC to becoming a wholeDofD life support organisation able to undertake modifications+ maintenance+ capabilit/ enhancements and training for the submarine fleet* Further+ he led ASC towards the imminent restructuring of the Australian #aval shipbuilding industr/ in line with the )overnmentFs %efence Capabilit/ Plan and prepared the Compan/ for sale in accordance with government polic/ ob4ectives* His position at ASC reBuired effective and successful interface with %efence and other stakeholder departments including Finance+ Treasur/+ Prime 'inister P Cabinet+ "ndustr/ and Foreign Affairs and Trade* The compan/ repositioning culminated in the award of the ASC 0;b;b; /ear contract >valued at around T3*; billion@ to support the Australian submarine fleet* "n April 0AA:+ %r )umle/ commenced as Chief xecutive $fficer of aviation

software supplier+ The Preston )roup+ 'elbourne* %r )umle/ conducted an overhaul of the Compan/Fs pro4ect management+ business model and H! practices* Following the successful compan/ turnaround+ he oversaw the sale of the compan/ to -oeing in September 0AAA* %r )umle/ 4oined -oeing Seattle &SA as 2ice President >"nformation Services@ Commercial Airplane Services in 5anuar/ 1990* He graduated from the -oeing xecutive Leadership program in $ctober 1990* .hilst at -oeing+ he led a new division within the Corporation and succeeded as a -usiness &nit leader developing strategic growth plans for information services in the aerospace industr/* From 0AA3 to 0AA=+ he was the C $ of the entrepreneurial )lobal Lightning Technologies )roup >)LT@* He embraced progressive H! practices and successfull/ guided the Compan/ to significant revenue and profit growth that resulted in multiple national awards for innovation+ Bualit/+ research+ design and marketing* The Compan/ was awarded an Australian #ational xport Award in 0AA< in recognition of its export

success to 39 countries* )LT was sold to a &S corporation in 'a/ 0AA= at high earnings multiples* -etween 0A:= and 0AA3 %r )umle/ was )eneral 'anager of Critec Pt/ Ltd+ an electronic design manufacturing and exporting firm+ where he developed large revenue and profit growth* %r )umle/ was a %irector of 'elbourne "T Limited when it conducted its ver/ successful "P$ onto the AS7 in #ovember 1999* He was a Council 'ember of the &niversit/ of Tasmania 0AA<D1999 and Chair of the Finance+ Audit and "nvestment Committees* %r )umle/ was born on 1< $ctober 0A;<* He obtained a -achelor of

ngineering with First Class Honours in 0A=A and received a !hodes Scholarship in 0A=A* He was awarded a %octor of Philosoph/ from $xford &niversit/ in 0A:1+ an '-A from the &niversit/ of Tasmania in 0AA8+ and an Advanced %iploma in Corporate )overnance G A"C% in 1993* He is a Fellow of the "nstitute of ngineers Australia+ the Australian "nstitute of Compan/ %irectors and the Academ/ of Technological Sciences and ngineering*

Lieu"e*a*" Ge*era# <(7( Gi##e!pie: AO: DSC: CSM 2ice Chief of the %efence Force >2C%F@ The 2ice Chief of the %efence Force is Lieutenant )eneral 6en )illespie+ A$+ %SC+ CS'* The 2ice Chief of the %efence Force is the militar/ deput/ to the Chief of the %efence Force and acts as the Chief of the %efence Force in his absence under standing acting arrangements* .hen acting Chief of the %efence Force+ the 2ice Chief of the %efence Force attends the following Senior CommitteesH #ational Securit/ Committee of Cabinet and Secretar/Fs Committee on #ational Securit/* The 2ice Chief of the %efence Force is the Chief of 5oint $perations* "n this role he commands Australian %efence Force operations on behalf of the Chief of the %efence Force and delivers $utcome 0+ command of operations in defence of Australia and its interests* The 2ice Chief of the %efence Force xecutive consists of 5oint $perations Command and 2ice Chief of the %efence Force xecutive %irect Command &nits* 5oint $perations Command consists of HeadBuarters 5oint $perations Command and -order Protection Command* The %irect Command &nits consists of 'ilitar/ Strategic Commitments %ivision+ incorporating the Australian %efence Force Parliamentar/ ProgramJ !eserve Polic/ %ivisionJ and the Command and Control "mplementation Team*

Vi'e A+,ira# Ru!! S&a#+er!: AO: CSC: RAN Chief of #av/ >C#@

Vi'e A+,ira# Ru!! S&a#+er!: AO: CSC: RAN 2ice Admiral Shalders 4oined the #av/ as a Cadet 'idshipman in 0A<=* He completed initial sea training with the award of his -ridge .atchkeeping Certificate in 0A=3* Following service as xecutive $fficer of the patrol boat H'AS A!% #T and in H'AS 2 #% TTA+ he assumed command of P#)S SA'A!A"+ in Papua #ew )uinea* 2ice Admiral Shalders was a %ivisional $fficer at the !A# College in 0A=< and then 4oined H'AS P !TH prior to Principal .arfare $fficer training in the &6 in 0A=:* Following a posting as $perations and AS. $fficer in H'AS 2 #% TTA+ he 4oined the staff of the %irector of #aval $fficers Postings in Canberra* "n 0A:0+ on promotion to Lieutenant Commander+ he completed the #aval Staff Course for "nternational $fficers at the #aval .ar College+ #ewport+ !hode "sland and then undertook Advanced .arfare $fficer training in the &6+ specialising in AS.* He 4oined H'AS H$-A!T as AS. $fficer and $perations $fficer in 0A:1 and completed this posting as xecutive $fficer before 4oining the !A# Staff College as a member of the %irecting Staff+ in the rank of Commander+ in 0A:8* After two /ears in .ashington+ from 0A:<D:=+ he assumed command of H'AS S(%# ( and was then appointed as Commander Sea Training* $n promotion to Captain+ he was posted at short notice to command H'AS %A!."# during the first )ulf .ar* He was awarded the Conspicuous Service Cross in recognition of this period in command* "n 0AA0 he become %irector of #aval .arfare and subseBuentl/ %irector )eneral #aval Polic/ and .arfare* 2ice Admiral Shalders commanded H'AS P !TH in 0AA3DA8 and attended the !o/al College of %efence Studies in London in 0AA;* $n promotion to Commodore he was appointed as %irector )eneral 5oint xercise Plans and subseBuentl/ %irector

)eneral $perations Polic/ and %octrine* He returned to the Fleet to become Commodore Flotillas in 0AA:* "n that role he was responsible for the operational efficienc/ of all fleet units* $n promotion to !ear Admiral in 0AAA+ he was seconded to the Australian Customs Service as the inaugural %irector )eneral Coastwatch* He was appointed as Head+ %efence Personnel xecutive in 1990 and was promoted to 2ice Admiral and appointed as 2ice Chief of the %efence Force in 5ul/ 1991* He was awarded the A$ in the Australia %a/ Awards list in 1993* 2ice Admiral Shalders was appointed as Chief of #av/ in 5ul/ 199;* "n his spare time+ 2ice Admiral Shalders en4o/s golf+ 4ogging and gardening*

Lieu"e*a*" Ge*era# P(F( Lea&1: AC Chief of Arm/ >CA@

Lieu"e*a*" Ge*era# Pe"er Lea&1 was born in 'elbourne in 0A;1* "n 0A=8 he graduated from the !o/al 'ilitar/ College+ %untroon+ with a -achelor of Arts %egree and was allocated to the !o/al Australian "nfantr/ Corps* His regimental appointments have included Platoon Commander in :LA !A!+ SecondDinDCommand of ;L= !A! >'echanised@+ and Commanding $fficer of :LA !A!* "n 0A:0 he was posted with the -ritish Arm/ in Hong 6ong* %uring this time he served as $perations $fficer and as a Compan/ Commander in the 09th Princess 'ar/Ks $wn )urkha !ifles*

Lieutenant )eneral Leah/Ks training appointments include "nstructor "nfantr/ at the $fficer Cadet School+ Portsea and "nstructor Tactics at the "nfantr/ Centre+ Singleton* From 0A:= to 0AA9 he was posted as the Australian xchange $fficer at the &nited States Arm/ Command and )eneral Staff College+ Fort Leavenworth+ 6ansas+ where he instructed in 5oint and Combined $perations and Counter !evolutionar/ .arfare* He also completed a 'aster of 'ilitar/ Arts and Science %egree* For his service as an instructor at the Command and )eneral Staff College he was awarded the &nited States Arm/ 'eritorious Service 'edal*

"n 0AA3 he was the 'ilitar/ Assistant to the Chief of the )eneral Staff and during 0AA8 and 0AA; he was the %irector of Arm/ !esearch and Anal/sis for which he was appointed a 'ember of the $rder of Australia >A'@ in the 0AA; CueenKs -irthda/ Honours List* "n 0AA= Lieutenant )eneral Leah/ was promoted to -rigadier and posted as Commander of the 3rd -rigade* "n April 0AAA Lieutenant )eneral Leah/ was appointed Chief of Staff at HeadBuarters Australian Theatre* He was appointed as the %eput/ Chief of Arm/ in 'a/ 1999* "n the 1991 CueenKs -irthda/ Honours List he was appointed an $fficer of the $rder of Australia >A$@ for his service in senior command and staff appointments in the Australian %efence Force*

Lieutenant )eneral Leah/ is a graduate of the Australian Arm/ Command and Staff College+ the &nited States Arm/ Command and )eneral Staff College+ the -ritish Higher Command and Staff Course and is a Fellow of the Australian College of %efence and Strategic Studies*

$n 1:th 5une 1991 he was promoted to Lieutenant )eneral and assumed the appointment of Chief of Arm/* He has since been awarded the &nited States Legion of 'erit for exceptionall/ meritorious service as Chief of Arm/* $n 1Ath 5une 199; Lieutenant )eneral Leah/ was reappointed as Chief of Arm/ for a further three /ears* "n the 199= CueenKs -irthda/ Honours List he was appointed a Companion in the $rder of Australia >AC@ in recognition of his service in command of the Australian Arm/ and strategic staff appointments*

Lieutenant )eneral Leah/ is married to Lee and the/ have three sons* He en4o/s most sports and reading* 34'E A&) 3ES!4&SIBI'ITIES The Chief of Arm/ >CA@ is responsible and accountable to the Chief of the %efence Force and 4ointl/ responsible and accountable to the Secretar/ to the %epartment of %efence* He is also responsible forH

Corpora"e Po#i'1 For,u#a"io* Provision of advice to the Chief of the %efence Force on developments in militar/ strategic affairs* Participation in the process of preparing strategic assessments and plans+ development of force capabilities+ preparedness and polic/+ force disposition and facilities matters* Providing support to the Chief of the %efence Force in the preparation+ development+ sustainment and command of the A%F through the provision of Arm/ advice* "nitiating and contributing to international %efence ob4ectives through Service to Service relationships*

Co,,a*+ o "&e Ar,1 'aintaining professional standards+ ethos+ discipline and morale as the professional head of the Arm/* Formulating Arm/ and 4oint doctrine for the combat emplo/ment and support of the Arm/ as reBuired b/ the potential range of A%F operations* 'anaging the Arm/+ including directing its staffing up to Colonel and advising the Chief of the %efence Force and the Secretar/ on proposals to the 'inister for promotion to -rigadier and above* Provision of training that satisfies Arm/ and 4oint needs* xercising full command of Arm/ elements and their preparation until assigned to 4oint commanders*

Ma*age,e*" nsuring the economic use of available resources within endorsed policies and approved programs and the achievement of agreed ob4ectives* Formulating estimates of resources reBuired to meet ob4ectives* Contributing to the corporate management of the %efence Portfolio* Providing access to data and information reBuired to support %efence decisions* nsuring the visibilit/ of performance measures used to assess effectiveness and efficienc/*

Air Mar!&a# Geo re1 Da;i+ S&ep&er+: AO Chief of Air Force >CAF@ Air 'arshal )eoff Shepherd was born on 18 5anuar/ 0A;1 and attended -risbane State High School* He commenced his !AAF service with the 0A=0 !AAF Academ/ intake and graduated in %ecember 0A=8 with a -achelor of Science >Ph/sics@ degree from 'elbourne &niversit/* He was posted to !AAF .illiamtown for 'irage """ conversion+ and in 0A== 4oined #o 3 SBuadron at Air -ase -utterworth+ 'ala/sia+ where he flew on fighter operations until the end of 0A=A*

$n return to Australia+ Air 'arshal Shepherd flew the FD000 at #o 0 SBuadron+ !AAF Amberle/+ until late 0A:0 when he undertook fl/ing instructor training at Central Fl/ing School+ ast Sale* He instructed at #o 0 Fl/ing Training School+ Point Cook from 0A:1 to mid 0A:8+ returning then to the FD000 as Training Flight Commander #o < SBuadron until the end of 0A:=*

Air 'arshal Shepherd served as the Assistant %efence Adviser at the Australian High Commission in Singapore from 0A::* He was promoted to .ing Commander and returned to Australia in %ecember 0AA9 on appointment as Commanding $fficer #o < SBuadron* "n 5ul/ 0AA3 Air 'arshal Shepherd undertook staff training at the 5oint Services Staff College and followed this with a posting to HeadBuarters Australian %efence Force %evelopment %ivision as %eput/ %irector D Capabilities Anal/sis >Air@*

He was promoted to )roup Captain and posted to the position of $fficer Commanding #o :1 >F000@ .ing in %ecember 0AA;* "n %ecember 0AA: he was promoted to Air Commodore and posted to HeadBuarters Air Command as Chief of Staff* He then spent two /ears as the %irector )eneral $perations in the %efence Signals %irectorate+ followed b/ a /ear in Strategic $perations %ivision as %irector )eneral 5oint $perations and Plans during the planning for and conduct of AustraliaKs involvement in "raB and the Solomon "slands*

Air 'arshal Shepherd was appointed a 'ember of the $rder of Australia in the Australia %a/ 1999 Honours List* He was recognised for his exceptional service to the !o/al Australian Air Force and the Strike !econnaissance )roup in the field of operations during his tenure as $fficer Commanding #o :1 .ing*

Air 'arshal Shepherd was promoted to Air 2iceD'arshal in %ecember 1993 and appointed Air Commander Australia with effect 0; %ecember 1993* %uring his tenure+ operational command and control was significantl/ enhanced with the

introduction of the 5oint Forces Air Component Commander concept and the development of the Air $perations Centre*

Air 'arshal ShepherdKs promotion to Air 'arshal and appointment as Chief of Air Force+ with effect 8 5ul/ 199;+ was announced b/ the Prime 'inister on 13 'a/ 199;* He has flown around 8;99 hours+ of which 1;99 were on the FD000*

Air 'arshal Shepherd was appointed an $fficer of the $rder of Australia in the Cueens birthda/ honours list 199< for distinguished service to the Australian %efence Force in senior command and staff appointments* He has also been awarded The 'eritorious Service 'edal >'ilitar/ %ivision@ b/ Singapore and has been appointed a Commander in the &nited States Legion of 'erit*

Air 'arshal Shepherd is married to Anne and the/ have two sons+ !ohan+ born in 0A:3+ and 5arvis+ born in 0A:;* Air 'arshal ShepherdKs interests include travelling and understanding other cultures+ gardening and rugb/ league football* Rear A+,ira# Ru!!e## Cra*e: CSM: RAN %eput/ Chief of #av/ >%C#@

Rear A+,ira# Ru!!e## Cra*e CSM: RAN !ussell Crane began his naval career as a 5unior !ecruit at H'AS L &."# in 0A=9* Training as an lectrical 'echanic in aircraft communications+ in 0A=0 he went to serve in the Aircraft Carrier+ H'AS ' L-$&!# * Following selection for officer training in 0A=1+ he began training as a Seaman $fficer serving in numerous !A# establishments and ships including H'A Ships A#UAC+ %&CH SS+ S(%# (+ STAL.A!T+ and -!"S-A# * He was awarded a full bridge watchkeeping certificate in 0A=; while serving in H'AS % !. #T*

Following a further posting to sea in H'AS ST&A!T Sub Lieutenant Crane pursued Clearance %iving as a sub specialisation+ completing the 'inewarfare and Clearance %iving $fficers Course at H'AS P #)&"# and H'S 2 !#$# in &6 during 0A==* He was appointed as 'inehunting Control $fficer in the 'inehunter H'AS C&!L .+ in 0A=: and promoted to Lieutenant during the same /ear* "n 0A=A he was posted to H'AS ' L-$&!# as the Carrier Air )roup xplosive $rdnance %isposal $fficer and as a bridge watchkeeping officer* "n 0A:0 after a short period in charge of the !A# xperimental %iving &nit+ Clearance %iving Team 1+ Lieutenant Crane was posted to H'S 2 !#$# as a 'inewarfare "nstructor on 1 /ears exchange service with the !o/al #av/* $n return to Australia in 0A:3 he was promoted to Lieutenant Commander and appointed in command of H'AS C&!L .* Following a period of 1 c /ears in Command+ Lieutenant Commander Crane was posted as the Staff $fficer 'inewarfare to the Commander Australian 'inewarfare and Patrol -oat Forces* He was posted to H'AS T$!! #S+ a S/dne/ based %estro/er scort+ as the xecutive $fficer in 0A:: and on completion of this appointment was promoted to Commander and posted to the Buipment AcBuisition %ivision in #av/ $ffice Canberra* Commander Crane was appointed as the inaugural Pro4ect %irector for the Australian 'inehunter Coastal Pro4ect in 0AA0 before being selected for the 'a4or Fleet &nit Command* "n 0AA3 he was posted as Commanding $fficer H'AS % !. #T+ a %estro/er scort based in .estern Australia* He decommissioned H'AS % !. #T in August 0AA8 and on completion+ returned to #av/ $ffice Canberra for a short period+ before being posted as the %irector of the 'aritime "ntelligence Centre in S/dne/ in late 0AA8* Following a period of reorganisation in the provision of intelligence support to the fleet during which Commander Crane was responsible for the transition of the 'aritime "ntelligence Centre to HeadBuarter Australian Theatre+ he was promoted to Captain in 5anuar/ 0AA< and appointed as the Chief Staff $fficer Command and Control+ Communications and "ntelligence in 'aritime HeadBuarters*

Captain Crane assumed command of H'AS S&CC SS on 18 #ovember 0AA:* %uring his period in command S&CC SS conducted a number of deplo/ments to the South ast Asia region including+ in September and $ctober 0AAA+ $peration Stabilise in support of peacekeeping operations in ast Timor* Awarded the Conspicuous Service 'edal in earl/ 1999 for his time in H'AS S&CC SS+ he was promoted to Commodore in 'arch 1999 and posted to Australian %efence HeadBuarters in Canberra as the %irector )eneral "ntelligence+ Surveillance+ !econnaissance and lectronic .arfare* Commodore Crane was posted as the Commander Australian #aval S/stems Command in $ctober 1990* Promoted to !ear Admiral in 'a/ 1998 he served as %irector )eneral Coastwatch and the inaugural Commander of the newl/ formed 5oint $ffshore Protection Command in 5anuar/ 199;* !ear Admiral Crane became the %eput/ Chief of #av/ in 5une 199<*

Ma>or Ge*era# Da;i+ Morri!o* %eput/ Chief of Arm/ >%CA@ 'a4or )eneral %avid 'orrison was born in 0A;<* He 4oined the Arm/ in 0A=A+ after completing a -A at the Australian #ational &niversit/* He graduated from the $fficer Cadet School+ Portsea to the !o/al Australian "nfantr/ Corps and between 0A:9 and 0AA0 he held a variet/ of regimental positions+ from Lieutenant to 'a4or+ in -risbane+ Singleton and #ewcastle* He was also the Australian "nstructor at the !o/al 'ilitar/ Academ/+ Sandhurst &6 in the period 0A:=0A::* "n 0AA1 he attended Arm/ Command and Staff College+ Cueenscliff and was then appointed as the -rigade 'a4or of the 3rd -rigade+ based in Townsville* %uring that time he took part in $peration Lagoon+ acting as chief of staff for a multinational force that provided securit/ to the peace conference held in -ouganville in 0AA8* He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 0AA; and spent two /ears at Arm/ HeadBuarters as the %irector of Preparedness and 'obilisation*

"n 0AA= he was appointed as the Commanding $fficer of the Second -attalion+ The !o/al Australian !egiment* He held that position until the end of 0AA: when he was posted as Chief "nstructor Command+ Staff $perations .ing at the Arm/ All Corps Promotion Training Centre in Canungra* 'a4or )eneral 'orrison was awarded an A' in 0AAA for his services as -rigade 'a4or+ %irector of Preparedness and 'obilisation and C$ 1!A!* He was promoted to Colonel in $ctober 0AAA and was appointed as Colonel $perations+ HeadBuarters "nternational Force ast Timor >"#T !F T@* $n his return to Australia+ he was posted to the %eplo/able 5oint Force HeadBuarters as Chief of Staff* He left that position at the end of 1990 to attend the Centre for %efence and Strategic Studies+ Canberra* He graduated in 1991 with an 'A in Strategic Studies* 'a4or )eneral 'orrison was promoted to -rigadier in #ovember 1991 and commanded the 3rd -rigade from %ecember 1991 until %ecember 1998* He was then appointed as %irectorD)eneral Preparedness and Plans D Arm/ and held that position until his promotion to 'a4or )eneral in %ecember 199;* He was appointed Commander of the Australian %efence College in 5anuar/ 199< and then appointed Head 'ilitar/ Strategic Commitments in April 199=* 'a4or )eneral 'orrison took up his appointment as %eput/ Chief of Arm/ in Februar/ 199:* His hobbies include remembering when he used to pla/ golf+ running and reading* He is married to )a/le*

Air Vi'e-Mar!&a# 7o&* =#a'32ur*: AO %eput/ Chief of Air Force >%CAF@ Air 2iceD'arshal -lackburn graduated from 'elbourne -o/s High School in 0A=1+ obtained his private pilotKs licence in 0A=3+ and 4oined the Air Force in 0A=;* As a fighter pilot he flew the 'irage """ aircraft with #o* == SBuadron and #o* 3 SBuadron* "n 0A:9 he graduated from the mpire Test Pilots School > TPS@ at !AF -oscombe %own in the &6 and served as a test pilot with Aircraft !esearch and %evelopment &nit >A!%&@ at dinburgh+ South Australia* "n 0A:3 Air 2iceD'arshal -lackburn was posted to .ashington %C+ &SA+ as the test pilot assigned to the fighter pro4ect team managing the introduction of the new FLAD 0: Hornet fighter aircraft into !AAF service* "n 0A:< he was assigned to Tulsa+ $klahoma+ &SA+ to oversee and manage the FLAD0: Hornet simulator pro4ect* $n return to Australia in 0A:= he spent several /ears fl/ing FLAD0:s operationall/ with #o* == SBuadron+ as Flight Commander+ xecutive $fficer+ and returning later as the Commanding $fficer* "n 0AA0 he became the %eput/ %irector Airspace Control in Canberra+ overseeing all fast 4et+ air defence control and air traffic control programs* %uring his tenure+ he initiated the FLAD0: Hornet &pgrade Program+ Air %efence &pgrade Pro4ect and the proposal for the LeadD"n Fighter* "n 0AA<+ following his command of #o* == SBuadron+ he was appointed to command #o* 80 .ing+ in charge of all militar/ air traffic+ radar and surveillance units* "n 0AAA he became the %irector )eneral Polic/ and Plans in Air Force HeadBuarters+ then %irector )eneral of 'ilitar/ Strateg/ in 1990+ and Head of Polic/ )uidance and Anal/sis %ivision >HP)A@ in 1991* "n this latter position he was responsible for the development of A%F strategic polic/ and led the development of the %efence 5oint 2ision+ the Future .ar Fighting Concept and the #etworkDCentric .arfare Concept and !oadmap for the A%F* "n 1998 Air 2iceD'arshal -lackburn was

appointed the Commander of the "ntegrated Area %efence S/stem >"A%S@ located in 'ala/sia+ commanding a multiDnational headBuarters established to effect the Five Power %efence Arrangements >FP%A@* &nder these arrangements+ he oversaw biD annual militar/ exercises over Peninsula 'ala/sia+ Singapore and the South China Sea* Air 2iceD'arshal -lackburn returned to Canberra in 199;+ to his current position as %eput/ Chief of Air Force+ where he is responsible for the operation of Air Force HeadBuarters* Air 2iceD'arshal -lackburn studied at the Australian 5oint Services Staff College in 0AA3 and the Australian College of %efence and Strategic Studies in 0AA:* He holds a )raduate %iploma of Strategic Studies+ a 'aster of %efence Studies and a 'aster of Arts in Strategic Studies* "n 0A:A Air 2iceD'arshal -lackburn was appointed a 'ember of the $rder of the Australia+ and in 199= he was promoted to an $fficer of the $rder of Australia* He is a life member of the Societ/ for xperimental Test Pilots and has accumulated over 3999 fl/ing hours in over 19 aircraft t/pes* X O"&er 3e1 per!o*a#i"ie!G Dr Roger Loug& Chief %efence Scientist %r !oger Lough+ Chief %efence Scientist+ is the head of %ST$ -orn in the &6+ %r !oger Lough 4oined the then %epartment of Suppl/ in 0A<3 and studied at Adelaide &niversit/ where he obtained a Ph% in Ph/sical Chemistr/ in 0A=8+ winning the pri,e for the best thesis in the ph/sical sciences for that /ear* %r Lough undertook research in tactical rocket propulsion at the %epartmentKs Salisbur/ >SA@ laboratories until 0A=< when he gained a Harkness Fellowship to stud/ and work in rocket propulsion with the &S Arm/ and the &S #av/* From 0A=: to 0A:3 %r Lough led a section concerned with formulating and demonstrating advanced weapon concepts for the A%F*

From late 0A:3 to earl/ 0A:=+ he was posted to the Australian

mbass/ in

.ashington as the %efence Science Attache with responsibilit/ for liaison across a wide spectrum of !P% in the &SA and Canada+ including technolog/ transfer issues and 4oint pro4ects* %r Lough was appointed Superintendent >later Chief@ of the Salisbur/ >SA@ based )uided .eapons %ivision of %ST$ in 0A:=* "n earl/ 0AA1+ he moved to 'elbourne as the Chief of Aircraft S/stems %ivision* This %ivision became Air $perations %ivision >A$%@ when the Flight 'echanics functions were incorporated in 0AA3* A$% is responsible for operational level anal/sis and s/stems research and advice in avionics and other air related technologies for the A%F* "n 5anuar/ 0AA<+ %r Lough was transferred back to %ST$Ks South Australian laboratories as Chief of Land+ Space and $ptoelectronics %ivision* The Space and $ptoelectronic functions were relocated in 0AA= and the core land functions expanded to form Land $perations %ivision with %r Lough as the inaugural Chief* This %ivision performs operational anal/sis and s/stems research for the land force* %r Lough moved to Canberra in 1999 to take up the position of First Assistant Secretar/+ Science Polic/* "n this role he was responsible for the formulation of Science and Technolog/ polic/ for %ST$ and the A%F+ oversight of %ST$Ks external interactions and program management procedures and implementation*

"n earl/ 1991 he was appointed %irector of %ST$Ks Platforms Sciences Laborator/ in 'elbourne* "n September 1993+ he was appointed Chief %efence Scientist and head of the %efence Science P Technolog/ $rganisation*

Lieu"e*a*" Ge*era# Da;i+ Hur#e1 Chief of 5oint $perations Lieutenant )eneral %avid Hurle/ was born in .ollongong+ #S. in 0A;3* He graduated from the !o/al 'ilitar/ College+ %untroon in %ecember 0A=; into the !o/al Australian "nfantr/ Corps* His initial posting was to the 0st -attalion+ The !o/al Australian !egiment >0!A!@* As a Captain he served as Ad4utant+ S/dne/ &niversit/ !egiment+ !egimental Ad4utant+ The !o/al Australian !egiment and as the exchange officer with the 0st -attalion "rish )uards >-ritish Arm/@* &pon his return to Australia Lieutenant )eneral Hurle/ served with the ;thL=th -attalion+ The !o/al Australian !egiment >;L= !A!@ prior to attending Command and Staff College+ Cueenscliff in 0A:<* Following Command and Staff College he was posted as the S$1 >#onDCorps Postings@ in the $ffice of the 'ilitar/ Secretar/ >'S@* "n 0A:A he served a posting as the 'echanised "nfantr/ Adviser+ Australian Arm/ Pro4ect Team 'ala/sia* Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 0AA9 he was posted as the Senior Career Adviser >Armour+ Artiller/+ ngineers and "nfantr/@ in 'S* A posting as S$0 >Somalia@ in >$perations@ HeadBuarters 1nd %ivision followed in 0AA0* "n #ovember 0AA0 he assumed command of 0 !A! which he led during $peration S$LAC 0AA3* He was awarded the %istinguished Service Cross for this service* Following his command appointment+ Lieutenant )eneral Hurle/ was posted as S$0 >$perations@+ HeadBuarters 0st %ivision in 5anuar/ 0AA8* "n 5une 0AA8 he was promoted to Colonel and posted as Chief of Staff+ HeadBuarters 0st %ivision* "n 0AA<LA= Lieutenant )eneral Hurle/ attended the &nited States Arm/ .ar College+ returning to a posting as 'ilitar/ Secretar/ to the Chief of Arm/* "n %ecember 0AA= he was posted to the Australian %efence HeadBuarters as the %irector of Preparedness and 'obilisation*

"n 5anuar/ 0AAA he was promoted to -rigadier and assumed command of the 0st -rigade in %arwin* %uring this period he oversaw the -rigadeKs transition to a higher degree of operational readiness and its support to Australian led operations in Timor* "n 5anuar/ 1990 he was posted as the %irector )eneral Land %evelopment within Capabilit/ S/stems in the $ffice of the 2ice Chief of the %efence Force* "n 5ul/ 1990 he was promoted to 'a4or )eneral and appointed Head+ Capabilit/ S/stems* "n %ecember 1991 was appointed Land Commander Australia* "n %ecember 1993 he was promoted to Lieutenant )eneral to assume the appointment of Chief of Capabilit/ %evelopment )roup* He was appointed as Chief 5oint $perations Command in $ctober 199= Lieutenant )eneral Hurle/ holds the academic Bualifications of -achelor of Arts and )raduate %iploma in %efence Studies* He is married to Linda and has three children* ast

Ma>or Ge*era# Mi'&ae# Hi*+,ar!&: AO: CSC Commander of Australian Forces in 'iddle ast Area of $perations 'a4or )eneral 'ike Hindmarsh graduated from the !o/al 'ilitar/ College+ %untroon into the !o/al Australian "nfantr/ Corps in 0A=:* 'a4or )eneral Hindmarsh saw regimental service as a Platoon Commander with 1L8 -attalion+ the !o/al Australian !egiment and as a Troop Commander+ SBuadron Commander and Commanding $fficer with the Special Air Service !egiment >SAS!@*

As C$ SAS!+ 'a4or )eneral Hindmarsh commanded the A#UAC Special $perations Force detachment to $P !AT"$# P$LLA!% in 6uwait in 0AA:* 'ore recentl/ in 1993+ as %eput/ Commander of Special $perations Command+ he commanded the Special $perations Component on $P !AT"$# -AST"LL LFALC$# ! in the war against "raB* &pon promotion to 'a4or )eneral in $ctober 1998 he assumed overall command of AustraliaKs Special Forces and presided over an intensel/ bus/ operational period which saw Australian special forces soldiers committed to operations throughout the world* %uring his service career+ 'a4or )eneral Hindmarsh has also served in the following appointmentsH HeadBuarters Land Command as S$3 $perationsJ HeadBuarters &nited 6ingdom Special Forces >HC &6SF@ as S$1 TrainingJ HeadBuarters Special Forces >HCSF@ as S$0 $perationsJ and Land .arfare Centre+ Canungra as -rigade level tactics instructor* $ther notable appointments include a posting as 'ilitar/ Assistant >'A@ to Chief of Arm/ and as the Colonel Plans at HeadBuarters Australian Theatre where he was the lead operational planner for all of the A%FKs operations in 1999 and 1990* These included+ amongst others+ A%F commitments to TimorDLeste+ the S/dne/ $l/mpics+ the Solomons and Afghanistan* 'a4or )eneral Hindmarsh is a graduate of the Australian Command and Staff College+ Cueenscliff+ the 5oint Services Staff College+ Canberra and the &nited 6ingdom !o/al College of %efence Studies >!C%S@* 'a4or )eneral Hindmarsh was awarded the Conspicuous Service Cross >CSC@ in 0AAA for his performance as Commanding $fficer of SAS!*

"n 1998 he was appointed a 'ember of the $rder of Australia >A'@ for his command and leadership on operations in the 'iddle leadership as Commander Special $perations ast in 1993* "n 5anuar/ 199: Command+ Australia* he was elevated to an $fficer of the $rder of Australia >A$@ for his command and

'a4or )eneral Hindmarsh is married to %eb and the/ have three sons* 'a4or )eneral Hindmarsh en4o/s rock climbing+ bush walking and rugb/ union* Ma>or Ge*era# To*1 Fra!er: AM: CSC Head Helicopter S/stems %ivision

'a4or )eneral Ton/ Fraser was born in S/dne/ in #ovember 0A;: and grew up in regional #ew South .ales * He 4oined the Australian Arm/ in 5ul/ 0A== as an Aviation Cadet and graduated from the $fficer Cadet School Portsea in 5une 0A=:* After completing fl/ing training he served in a variet/ of aviation regimental and instructor appointments in Townsville+ $ake/ and the &nited 6ingdom * "n 0A:=D:: he served in "srael and Lebanon with the &nited #ations Truce Supervisor/ $rganisation+ following which he was awarded a Chief of the )eneral Staff >C)S@ Commendation* His other nonDcorps appointments have been in the %irectorate of $fficer Career 'anagement* "n 0AA:DAA 'a4or )eneral Fraser served at Ft !ucker &SA as the Australian Arm/ Aviation Standardisation !epresentative and Liaison $fficer* He is a graduate of the !o/al Australian "nfantr/ CorpsK !egimental $fficerKs Advanced Course+ and the Canadian Forces Command and Staff College * 'a4or )eneral Fraser has commanded at Troop level >0<1 nd !econnaissance SBuadron 0A:;D:<@+ SBuadron level >0=0 st Command and Liaison SBuadron 0A:AD 0AA0+ during which time the unit transitioned from 6iowa to "roBuois helicopters@+ and at !egiment level >; th Aviation !egiment 0AA<DA=@* &pon promotion to Colonel in 5anuar/ 1999 he assumed the appointment of Commander 0 st %ivision Aviation+ a tenure that

included command of the S/dne/ $l/mpics 5oint Aviation )roup+ and then on formation of 0< th -rigade >Aviation@ in April 1991+ he transitioned to the %eput/ Commander appointment* $n 5anuar/ 1993 he was promoted to the rank of -rigadier and assumed the appointment of Commander 0< th -rigade >Aviation@ $n 0= th 'arch 199< 'a4or )eneral Fraser assumed the appointment of %irector )eneral Arm/ Aviation S/stems in the %efence 'ateriel $rganisation in Canberra * $n 10 st August 199< he assumed the inaugural appointment of Head Helicopter S/stems %ivision and was promoted to 'a4or )eneral on 1; August 199< * He has ;899 fl/ing hours mostl/ on helicopters and he achieved an A0 instructor categor/* He was awarded a Conspicuous Service Cross >CSC@ and a C)S Commendation for flood rescue missions* The 'a4or )eneral also received a 'ember of the $rder of Australia >A'@ in the 1993 Australia %a/ Honours List* 'a4or )eneral Fraser and his wife 6ell/ have two daughters+ 6atelin >01@ and Sarah ><@*

Rear A+,ira# Nige# S"ep&e* Coa"e!: AM: RAN Commander Australian Fleet >C$'A&SFLT@ !ear Admiral Coates 4ointed the !o/al Australian #av/ in 0A=;+ graduating from initial training with the CueenFs )old 'edal as the dux of his graduating /ear* -ridge watchkeeping training was carried out in various ships+ culminating in the award of the 5ubilee Sword as dux of Seamen $fficers training* After a period as aideDdeDcamp to His xcellenc/ the )overnor

)eneral of Australia+ he trained as an Air "ntercept Controller and subseBuentl/ as a Principal .arfare $fficer* He served in H'A Ships H$-A!T+ A% LA"% and -!"S-A# before 4oining to the #av/Fs 'aritime HeadBuarters+

receiving 'aritime CommanderFs Commendation for his contribution to preparing ships for the 0AA0 )ulf .ar* As xecutive $fficer+ H'AS %A!."#+ he saw service in the !ed Sea before

promotion to Commander followed in 0AA3* He served as the Senior 'ilitar/ instructor+ and subseBuentl/ Commanding $fficer+ of the Corps of $fficer Cadets at the Australian %efence Force Academ/+ Canberra+ receiving a Chief of the %efence Force Commendation for his work there* "n 0AA< Commander Coates assumed command of H'AS CA#- !!A+ winning the )loucester Cup in 0AA= as the most efficient ship in the !o/al Australian #av/* From H'AS CA#- !!A+ Commander Coates spent 0: months as Commander+ Sea Training at 'aritime HeadBuarters+ followed b/ another 0: months at the &S #aval .ar College and Salve !egina &niversit/+ graduating with a 'A >"nternational !elations@* Assuming Command of H'AS A#UAC in 1990+ Captain Coates took the ship on operational deplo/ment to the Arabian )ulf* The ship was awarded the )loucester Cup as the most efficient ship in the !A# for 1990+ and Captain Coates was appointed a member of the $rder of Australia for his service in H'AS A#UAC* Captain Coates was appointed Chief of Staff to the Chief of the %efence Force midD1991+ was promoted to Commodore and appointed Chief of Staff+ HeadBuarters Australian Theatre in %ecember 1993+ and subseBuentl/ the %irector )eneral #av/ Personnel and Training in August 199;* Commodore Coates was promoted to !ear Admiral and appointed as the Fleet Commander in 5ul/ 199=* He and his wife 2ickie en4o/ sailing and have three children who also en4o/ sailing G occasionall/*

Ma>or Ge*era# Mar3 <e##1: AM Land Commander Australia

First among the senior appointments is 'a4D )en 'ark 6ell/+ who will become Land Commander Australia* He replaces LtD )en 6en )illespie+ who has been appointed 2C%F* 'a4D)en 6ell/ comes to the position with a wealth of experience gained over 39 /ears of militar/ service* He entered !'C+ %untroon+ in 5anuar/ 0A=; and graduated with the Sword of Honour in %ecember 0A=:* His first operational service came in 0A:9 when he served with the Commonwealth 'onitoring Force in UimbabweL!hodesia during independence elections* He served as C$ 0!A! from %ecember 0AA; until %ecember 0AA=+ then moved on to %5FHC as the Chief of Staff+ a posting that involved deplo/ing the headBuarters to ast Timor for $peration Stabilise as the Chief of Staff for "nterfet* As a -rigadier+ he served as Commander 3 -de from %ecember 1999 to %ecember 1991* He then served as the first %irector of the Combined Planning )roup at HeadBuarters &S Central Command in Tampa+ Florida* He was promoted to 'a4D )en and assumed his present appointment as Commander 0 %iv and %5FHC on 5ul/ ;+ 1998* He will take up the appointment of Land Commander on 5ul/ 0;*

Air Vi'e-Mar!&a# Mar3 =i*!3i*: AM Air Commander Australia >ACA&ST@

Air 2iceD'arshal 'ark -inskin was born in S/dne/ in 0A<9* He 4oined the !o/al Australian #av/ >!A#@ in 'a/ 0A=: and on completion of fl/ing training+ was posted to fl/ AD8) Sk/hawk aircraft at #aval Air Station #owra+ #S.* He served in 2C=18 and 2F:9; SBuadrons and in 5anuar/ 0A:1 was selected as the first !A# pilot to undergo an exchange with the !o/al Australian Air Force >!AAF@ fl/ing 'irage 000 aircraft* $n completion of this exchange and with the disbanding of the #av/Ks fixed wing capabilit/+ he 4oined the !AAF* Air 2iceD'arshal -inskinKs other fl/ing tours include #o 1 $perational Conversion &nit and #o == SBuadron at .illiamtown+ #S. fl/ing 'irage and FLAD0: Hornet aircraftJ with the &nited States #av/ at 2FAD01; at Lemoore+ California training on FLAD0: aircraftJ with the &nited States Air Force at 308 Tactical Fighter Training SBuadron+ &SAF at Luke AF- Ari,ona instructing on FD0<C aircraftJ and #o =; SBuadron at Tindal+ #orthern Territor/ fl/ing FLAD0: aircraft* He was the Commanding $fficer of #o == SBuadron at .illiamtown during the period 0AA:DAA and later Commander of Air Combat )roup >FLAD0:+ FD000+ Hawk and PCADA>F@@ in 1998D9;* Air 2iceD'arshal -inskinKs fl/ing Bualifications include Fighter Combat "nstructor and Tactical !econnaissance Pilot* Additionall/+ he has served as the !AAF FLAD0: Hornet %emonstration Pilot and in this position represented the !AAF throughout Australia+ "ndonesia+ 'ala/sia+ Singapore and #ew Uealand* He has over 3+;99 hours in singleDseat fighter aircraft* He was awarded the 'ember of the $rder of Australia >A'@ for his performance as a Fighter Combat "nstructor and the !AAF FLA 0: %ispla/ Pilot*

Air 2iceD'arshal -inskin has served in various 4oint and single service staff positions including HeadBuarters Australian %efence Force as %eput/ %irector Airspace Control and as Staff $fficer to the Chief of %efence ForceJ in the %efence 'ateriel $rganisation as $fficer Commanding the Airborne arl/ .arning and Control S/stem Program $fficeJ and in Air Force HeadBuarters as %irector )eneral Performance 'anagement Audit and %irector )eneral Capabilit/ Planning* %uring AustraliaKs 1993 contribution to the war in "raB+ Air 2iceD'arshal -inskin served as Chief of Staff at HeadBuarters Australian Theatre* Following this+ he served as the first dedicated nonD&SAF %irector of the &S Central Air Force Combined Air and Space $perations Centre where he was responsible for the conduct of all Coalition air operations in support of $peration "raBi Freedom and $peration Commendation for %istinguished Service* Air 2iceD'arshal -inskin is a graduate of the Harvard -usiness School Advanced 'anagement Program+ Australian "nstitute of Compan/ %irectors and !AAF Command and Staff Course where he was awarded the Chief of StaffKs Pri,e for Professional xcellence* Air 2iceD'arshal -inskin was appointed to his current position as the Air Commander Australia on 1< 5ul/ 199=* "n this position he provides specialist air advice on raise+ train+ and sustain issues to the 4oint environment nduring Freedom >A%F $perations Catal/st and Slipper@* For this service he was awarded a

Ma>or Ge*era# Ti,o"&1 M'O%a*: DSC: CSM Special $perations Commander Australia >images coming@

Tim 'c$wan enlisted into the Arm/ in 0A=< and gained his commission from the !o/al 'ilitar/ College+ %untroon in 0A:9*

'a4or )eneral 'c$wan served in regimental appointments with the 0st -attalion+ The !o/al Australian !egiment >0 !A!@ and the Special Air Service !egiment >SAS!@* His service with 0 !A! included an attachment to the !ifle Compan/ -utterworth in 'ala/sia and his service with the SAS included a twoD/ear secondment to the headBuarters commanding the -ritish SAS and the Special -oat Service >HC%SAS@* .hilst in SAS! he served as a 2ehicle 'ounted Troop Commander+ a Counter Terrorist Troop Commander+ an $perations $fficer and Ad4utant* He also commanded SAS $perations Support SBuadron >0AA9D0AA0@* "n 0AA1 he attended Arm/ Command and Staff College at Fort Cueenscliff following which he served in staff appointments within the %irectorate of $perational Support in Arm/ HeadBuarters* "n 0AA8 he was appointed as Commander Australian Service Contingent $peration 'AU&!6A with the 'ultinational Force and $bservers+ Sinai+ g/pt where he served as the Force Assistant Chief of Staff* "n 0AA< he was posted as the Staff $fficer G Plans+ HeadBuarters Special Forces >HCSF@ prior to assuming the appointment as the first Chief of Staff in the newl/ formed HeadBuarters Special $perations >HCS$@* "n 0AA: he attended 5oint Services Staff College before being deplo/ed to the Arabian )ulf on $peration P$LLA!% as a member of the &S C #TC$' led Coalition HeadBuarters* &pon return to Australia 'a4or )eneral 'c$wan served as the Staff $fficer $perations >)3@ in Arm/ HeadBuarters* 'a4or )eneral 'c$wan assumed command of the Special Air Service !egiment >SAS!@ in 5anuar/ 0AAA* %uring his time as Commanding $fficer he commanded 5oint Task Force ;98 during $peration SP"TF"! + the Special $perations Component of "#T !F T during $peration .A!% # and 5oint Task Force <83 during $peration )$L%+ the A%F Counter Terrorism support to the S/dne/ $l/mpics* "n 1990 he was appointed the Chief Staff $fficer Plans >5;@ in 5oint $perations Command* "n this capacit/ he was responsible for operational planning for AustraliaFs commitment to the .ar $n Terror+ $P SL"PP ! in Afghanistan and $P FALC$# ! in

"raB as well as numerous other A%F operations* "n 1993 'a4or )eneral 'c$wan attended the Centre for %efence and Strategic Studies* "n 1998 he became the %irector Strateg/ and "nternational ngagement in Arm/

HeadBuarters before assuming the appointment of %eput/ Special $perations Commander+ Australia >%S$CA&ST@* "n this appointment he supervised all S$C$'% operational activit/ and led the lodgement of the Special $perations Task Force into Afghanistan in 199; >$peration SL"PP !@* "n 5anuar/ 199< he was appointed the Chief of %efence Force Liaison $fficer to the Chairman of The 5oint Chiefs of Staff in the Pentagon+ .ashington %C* This appointment saw him responsible to the C%F for liaison between the &S %efence Force and the Australian %efence Force in the areas of operations+ strategic plans and intelligence* He was appointed Special $perations Commander Australia >S$CA&ST@ in Februar/ 199:* He was awarded the %istinguished Service Cross for command and leadership during $peration .A!% # and the Conspicuous Service 'edal for operational service during $peration 'AU&!6A* Academic achievements include a -achelor of Arts >'ilitar/ Studies@+ a )raduate %iploma in 'anagement+ a )raduate %iploma in %efence Studies+ a 'asters in -usiness Administration and a 'asters of Arts in Strategic Studies* His interests include mountaineering+ fl/Dfishing+ bush walking+ reading and most sports* He is married to %ominica and has a daughter+ 5ohannah >19@ and son Sam >0:@*

Rear A+,ira# 7a,e! Go#+ri'3: RAN 1ommander .order $rote'tion 5ames )oldrick 4oined the !o/al Australian #av/ in 0A=8 as a 0; /ear old Cadet 'idshipman* A graduate of the !A# College+ he holds a -A degree from the &niversit/ of #S. and an 'Litt from the &niversit/ of #ew ngland* He is a graduate of the Advanced 'anagement Program of Harvard -usiness School >A'P 0<:@ and was recentl/ warded the %egree of %octor of Letters honoris causa b/ the &niversit/ of #S.* A Principal .arfare $fficer and antiDsubmarine warfare specialist+ he has seen sea service around the world with the !A# and on exchange with the -ritish !o/al #av/+ including the patrol vessel H'S Alderney( the frigates H'S +irius( H'AS +wan and H'AS -arwin and the destro/er H'S 1i%erpool* He has served as xecutive $fficer of H'A Ships Tarakan and ,erth and as Commanding $fficer of H'AS .essnock. He twice commanded the frigate H'AS +ydney and later served as the inaugural Commander Australian Surface Task )roup* %uring this posting+ he commanded the Australian task group deplo/ed to the Persian )ulf in earl/ 1991 and also served as commander of the multinational naval forces conducting maritime interception operations to enforce &# sanctions on "raB+ including units from the !A#+ the &nited States #av/+ the !o/al #av/ and the Polish Armed Forces* Shore postings have included serving as Aide to the )overnorD)eneral of Australia+ as an instructor on the !A#Fs Principal .arfare $fficer course+ as $fficerDinD Charge of the !A#Fs tactical development+ tactical training and warfare officer training facult/+ as !esearch $fficer and later as Chief Staff $fficer to the Chief of #av/ Australia+ as %irector of the !A# Sea Power Centre and as %irectorD)eneral 'ilitar/ Strateg/ in the Australian %epartment of %efence* He took command of the Australian

%efence Force Academ/ in September 1993* He was promoted to !ear Admiral and assumed duties as Commander -order Protection in 'a/ 199<* 5ames )oldrick has lectured in naval histor/ and contemporar/ naval affairs at man/ institutions* He spent 0AA1 as a !esearch Scholar at the &S #aval .ar College and is a Professorial Fellow of the Centre for 'aritime Polic/ at the &niversit/ of .ollongong* Published books include The ing2s +hips 3ere at +ea# The 3ar in the North +ea August &4&5*6ebruary &4&7( 3ith the Battle .ruisers >edited)( 0eflections on the 0oyal Australian Na%y >coDedited)( Mahan is Not Enough >coDedited@ and No Easy Answers# The -e%elopment of the Na%ies of )ndia( ,akistan( Bangladesh and +ri 1anka. He has contributed to man/ other works+ and to professional 4ournals+ including The 8nited +tates Na%al )nstitute ,roceedings. As a 4unior officer he twice won the )uinness Pri,e of the -ritish Na%al 0e%iew* 5ames )oldrick is married with two sons*

Ma>or Ge*era# Maurie M'Nar* %irector %efence "ntelligence $rganisation

CHAPTER VIII A!' % F$!C S "#T LL") #C A( A+,i*i!"ra"io* a*+ Orga*iFa"io* Australian %efense Force >A%F@H Australian Arm/+ !o/al Australian #av/+ !o/al Australian Air Force+ Special $perations Command >199<@ >C"A Factbook 199=@* Complementing the A%F are the civilians in the Australian Public Service* >Active Australian %efence Force at ;0+<09@ Arm/ D #av/ D AirforceD 1;+1;A 0+A=3 1+999
A3 A1

=( SiFe o "&e Ar,e+ For'e! Au!"ra#iaH! militar/ >the Australian %efence Force@ consists of ;0+:99 activeDdut/ personnel and 10+<99 reserves* ActiveDdut/ forces are assigned to the various services as followsH arm/ >1;+399@+ nav/ >01+:;9+ including AA9 naval aviation@+ and air force >03+<;9@* The reserves are assigned as followsH arm/ >0=+199@+ nav/ >0+<99@+ and air force >1+:99@* $defence*gov . (@B The Australian armed forces numbered ;9+A19 active personnel in 1991+ including <+3<8 women* The arm/ consisted of 1;+0;9J the nav/+ 01+;=9J and the air force+ 03+199* !eserve forces numbered 19+399 for all three services* 'ilitar/ weapons s/stems included =0 battle tanks+ < submarines+ and 0;< combat aircrafts* Australia contributed to peacekeeping missions in ast Timor+ thiopiaL ritrea+ g/pt+ and the 'iddle ast*AustraliaKs estimated defense expenditure in 1*8N >199<@
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<Referen'e .oo7> ;he "ilitar# .alan'e 2005

6+

X"nternetV !etrieved Apr;+ 199: from httpHLLwww*defence*gov*auLdioL

higher that the militar/ spending in 1990G91 which was TA*3 billion+ 1N of )%P >Australia Armed forces @* A; Per 199; record shows that there are 8+A83+<=< males age 0:D8A and 8+:10+1<8 females age 0:D8A as the countr/Fs source for potential manpower

C( S"re*g"& o "&e Ar,e+ For'e! According to the 'ilitar/ -alance 199=+ the Australian %efence Force consists of ;0+<09 active personnel* This number is further allocated to the three >3@ branches of serviceH Arm/ 1;+1;A #av/ 01+<:0 and Air Force 03+<=9* :99* 'eanwhile+ the Australian reserve force has a total number of 0:+A=3* $f this number+ there are 0;+999 in the Arm/J 0+A=3 in the #av/ and 1+999 with the Air force* HeadBuarters is located in Canberra* Air Force emplo/s about 03+;99 men and women+ supported b/ 1+:99 Air Force !eservists and A99 civilian public servants+ at 00 ma4or bases and a host of offices across Australia* Air Force works closel/ with the #av/+ Arm/ and allied forces* >raa (go;(au@
A<

>Au!"ra#ia'! WMD Re!po*!e Capa2i#i"1: -880.(

@?

The !o/al Australian #av/ >!A#@ currentl/ operates six oceanDgoing+ dieselD electric CollinsDclass submarines+ which are based at Fleet -ase .est+ H'AS Stirling+ south of Fremantle in .estern Australia* .ith significant natural resources within its 199 nautical mile xclusive conomic Uone+ and AA*A percent of its bulk trade maritime+ Australia is committed to securing the regionKs sea lines of communication* The !A#Ks mission+ as part of the Australian %efence Forces+ is to ensure that trade remains unimpeded and pla/s a vital role in promoting regional stabilit/+ since this is regarded as a prereBuisite for the continued prosperit/ of the area and of Australia itself*
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Z0[ 'ost recentl/+ !A# submarines provided reconnaissance during the landing of &# peacekeeping troops in ast Timor* At the time+ it was feared that "ndonesia ma/ deplo/ its two T/pe 19AL0399 vessels to the area* Z1[ AustraliaKs submarine force also pla/s an integral part in the !A#Ks mission of sea denial to hostile forces b/ controlling focal points in the island groups to AustraliaKs north* Z3[ The six vessels are intended to provide a platform for covert surveillance reconnaissance and offensive operations against warships+ submarines and merchant shipping as well as mining and special operations support*Z8[ A weapons handling s/stem designed to be able to operate Tomahawk missiles ma/ also indicate the submarinesK potential future use as a landDattack platform*Z;[ However+ no such missiles have been ordered to date*

Figure 11 G#o2a# Opera"io*!

The )overnment has approved the deplo/ment of approximatel/ 8999 Australian %efence Force personnel to 00 operations overseas and within Australia to protect Australia and its national interests >+e e*'e(go;(au@* A:

>Au!"ra#ia'! WMD Re!po*!e Capa2i#i"1: -880.(

@@

The !o/al Australian #av/ >!A#@ currentl/ operates six oceanDgoing+ dieselD electric CollinsDclass submarines+ which are based at Fleet -ase .est+ H'AS Stirling+ south of Fremantle in .estern Australia* The !A#Ks mission+ as part of the Australian %efence Forces+ is to ensure that trade remains unimpeded and pla/s a vital role in promoting regional stabilit/+ since this is regarded as a prereBuisite for the continued prosperit/ of the area and of Australia itself* .ith significant natural resources within its 199 nautical mile xclusive conomic Uone+ and AA*A percent of its bulk trade maritime+ Australia is committed to securing the regionKs sea lines of communication** Z0[ 'ost recentl/+ !A# submarines provided reconnaissance during the landing of &# peacekeeping troops in ast Timor* At the time+ it was feared that "ndonesia ma/ deplo/ its two T/pe 19AL0399 vessels to the area* Z1[ AustraliaKs submarine force also pla/s an integral part in the !A#Ks mission of sea denial to hostile forces b/ controlling focal points in the island groups to AustraliaKs north* Z3[ 'ore specificall/+ the six vessels are intended to provide a platform for covert surveillance reconnaissance and offensive operations against warships+ submarines and merchant shipping as well as mining and special operations support*Z8[ A weapons handling s/stem designed to be able to operate Tomahawk missiles ma/ also indicate the submarinesK potential future use as a landDattack platform*Z;[ However+ no such missiles have been ordered to date*
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%* $rder of -attle "ntelligence The following are the available combat eBuipment b/ T/pe ARMY -5:-5@ La*+ Co,po*e*" '-T 00AH 'D0 0:H 0: '0DA Abrams >? expected 80 more b/ April 199=@ >? 0 Armd !egiment operational b/ 5ul/ 199=@ APC ?B8 APC>T@ 8:3H 3<8 ' D003 >to be upgraded@J 00A in store >to be upgraded@ APC >.@ 1;= ASLA.D1; >being delivered@ LF2 1AA -ushmaster "'2 >being delivered@ A!T( ;<< T$. % -?8H 09;mm 138H 09A LD00: Light gunsJ 01; LD;L'D1A1J 0;;mm 3< 'D0A: '$! 1A< :0mm AT 'SL 5avelin !CL <;0H 09<mm =8 'D89A0J :8mm ;== Carl )ustav AmphibiousH 0; LC' Aircraft TPT 3 -eech 199 Super 6ing Air >on lease@ Helicopters 11 Attack helicopters AT6 11 ASD<<; Tiger >deliver/ from 5ul 1998+ on going@ SPT 80H < CHD8=% ChinookJ 3; SD=9 ADA >SD=9A@ -lack Hawk &TL <<H - LL 19<- 80 -ell 19<-D0 6iowa >to be upgraded@J 1; &HD0H "roBuois AS SA' 8: T$. % 0: !apier -0' 'A#PA% 39 !-SD=9 !A%A! LA#% 10H = A#LTPC G 3< Firefinder >art/+ mor@J08 !AS"T >veh+ art/@

ROYAL NAVY 4-:094 E)UIPMENT =Y TYPE SU=MARINES(TACTICAL(SS< 06 < Collins each with &)'D:8C Harpoon Tactical &S).+ < single ;33mm TT each with 0 'k8: Sea Arrow H.T P!"#C"PAL S&!FAC C$'-ATA#TS* F!")AT S 03 FFG ;H 8Adelaide eBpt with 0 'k 03 )'LS eBpt with !)'D:8C Harpoon SS'+ S'D0 '! naval SA'+ 1 'k31 triple 318mm ASTT eBpt with 'k 8< L.T+ 0=<mm+ 1SD=9Seahawk AS. hel 0 Adelaide >'od@ eBpt 0'k 03 )'LS eBpt with !)'D:8C Harpoon SS'+ S'D0 '! naval SA'+ 0 : cell 'k80 2LS >31 eff@ eBpt with up to 31 !"'D0<1 volved Sea Sparrow naval SA'+ 1 'k 31 triple 318mm AST eBpt with 'k '&A9 L.T+ 0=<mm+ 1 SD =9- Seahawk AS. hel FF : : An,ac eBpt with 0: cell 'k80 2LS >31 eff@ eBpt with up to 31 !"'D0<1 volved Sea Sparrow naval SA'+ 1 triple 318mm AST eBpt with 'k 8< L.T+ 0 01=mm+ 0 SHD 1) Super Seasprite AS. hel PATROL AND COASTAL COM=ATANTS(PCO 4A = Fremantle eBpt with0 19mm gun < Armidale eBpt with 0 89mm gun MINE WARFARE(MINE COUNTERMEASURES MHC 8 Huon 'SA 3H 1 -andicootJ 0 -rolga AMPHI=IOUS PRINCIPAL AMPHI=IOUS SHIPS(LPH 1 1 6animbla >capacit/ either 8 &HD<9 -lack Hawk utl hel or 3 .estland '6D;9A Sea 6ing utl helJ 1 LC'J 8;9 troops@

LS*LST 0J 0 Tobruk >capacit/ 1 .estland '6D;9A Sea 6ing utl helJ 1 LC'J 1 LC2PJ 89 APC and 0: '-T >Leopard@J ;99 troops@ LANDING CRAFT 19H 08 LC' LCH < -alikpapan LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT 0: AGHS >S2(@ 1 Leuwin A$ 1H 0 SuccessJ 0 Sirius AT ; Craft ; LC& T!2 3 T!) 0 A7S Na;a# A;ia"io* @@8 A total of 8 sBuadrons comprising 0 AS.+ 0 Asu.+ 0 SPT and 0 T!) Buipment b/ T(P H L"C$PT !S 8< AS. 1=H 0< SD=9-D1J 00 Super Sea Sprite 'A! SPT < Sea 6ing 'k;9LA SPT 03 ASD3;9-A cureuil FAC"L"T" S -ases located at S/dne/ >#S.@+ %arwin >#T@+ Cairns>CL%@+ Stirling >.A@+ 5ervis -a/ >#S.@+ #owra >#S.@+ Flinders>SA@* Fleet Command #av/ 0 HC located at Stirling #aval S/stems Comd #av/ 0 HC located at Canberra

Air For'e 4A:0?8 1 comdsD Air Trg Fl/ing hours 0=; hrs L /ear on FLAD0: Hornet F)AJ 199 hrsL /ear on FD000 Aardvark bbr ac

FORCES =Y ROLE A!'( 0 Land HC 0 %eplo/able 5oint Force HC+ 0 Logistic Support Force HC STA 'ech 0 bt/ 0 bde HC>0st@>0 Armd regt+ 0 !ecce regt+ 0 'ech "nf -n>;L= !A! to be

split and will form 1 mech bn with new = !A!+ to be at u## !"re*g"& 21 -889.: 0 'ed art/ regt+ 0 Cbt ngr regt+ 0 Cbt Sp regt+ 0 Combat Service Support bn@ Surv . 'ot "nf Lt inf 3>regional force@ units 0 regt 0 bde HC>=th@>0 !ecce regt+ 1 'ot "nf bn+ 0 "ng bn+ 0 Fd Art/ regt+ 0 Cbt 0 bde HC>3rd@>0 Para bn>'o*;er"i*g "o #ig&" i* a*"r1 21 -889@+ 1 "nf bn+ 0

ngr regt+ 0 Cbt Sp regt+ 0 Combat Service Support bn@ APC sBn+ 0 Fd Art/ regt+ 0 Cbt ngr regt+ 0 Cbt Sp regt+ 0 Combat Service Support bn@ Para Avn STA A% 0 bn>in process of converting to lt inf@ 0 bde HCJ 0 Avn regt>0 Special $ps sBn+ 0 Avn regt>1 !ecce Hel sBn@+ 0 0>19th@ regt>0 STA bt/+ 0 &A2 bt/+ 0 Combat Service Support bt/@ 3 bn 0 regt

>F.@ Surv sBn+ 0 0 Avn ret >1 Tpt Hel sBn+ 0 Spt Hel sBn@ Force Support Construction 1 sBn

Spe'ia# Opera"io*! Co,,a*+ 0 Special $perations HC SF Cdo Sigs Combat Service Support "ncident !esponse Na;a# A;ia"io* @@8 A total of 8 sBuadrons comprising 0 AS.+ 0 Asu.+ 0 SPT and " T!) Air For'e Air Cbt 0 grp >0 ftrLtac wg >0 $C&+ 3 ftr sBn with ;; FLAD0:A HornetJ 0< FLAD0:Hornet@+ 0 recceLstrike wg >1 F)AL recce sBn with 0= FD000C AardvarkJ 8 !FD000 AardvarkJ ; FD000) AardvarkJ 0 CD039HJ 1 PD3C $rion@+ 0 Tac trg wg >0 FAC flt with 8 PCDAA+ 1trg sBn with 33 Hawk '601=@ 'P 0 gp >1 'P sBn with 0= APD3C $rionLPD3C $rion?J 3 TAPD3- $rion in store@ 0 SAS regt 0 bn 0 co/ 1 co/ 0 regt

SA! SD=< >civil contract@ at 8 air bases Airlift 0 gp >0 TkrLTpt sBn with 8 -D=9= >tkrLtpt@+ 0 Tpt sBn with 0 CD0= >3 more on order@+ 0 Tpt sBn with = -eech 399 Super 6ing Air >#avigation trg@+ 0 >2"P@ Tpt sBn with 1 -D=3= --5J 3 CLD<98 Challenger+ 0 Tpt sBn with 08 %HCD8 Caribou+ 1 Tpt sBn withJ 00 CD039H HerculesJ 01 CD0395 Hercules@ Trg A% Flg trg schl with ;: PCDAA 0 airfield def wg>3 sBn@J 0 surveillance and response gp with 3 tactical radar and

with $TH G - radar coord centre located at dinburgh>S*Australia@J 0 at Longreech >#*

Cueensland@ 1 Ad ComdPCont Centres at .illiamtown >#S.@ and Tindal >#T@

Su2,ari*e Group The Submarine Force lement )roup HeadBuarters+ the six Collins Class

submarines and the ma4orit/ of the submarine related defence support infrastructure is located at H'AS ST"!L"#) on )arden "sland+ .A* The F ) manages approximatel/ T< billion worth of assets and emplo/s+ directl/ and indirectl/+ over 01;9 militar/+ civilian and contract personnel Zof this number approximatel/ <99 ASC personnel are located in Adelaide[* The Submarine Force lement )roup is a separate entit/ under the operational

command of 'aritime Commander Australia and is part of 'aritime Command* Commander Australian #av/ Submarine )roup does not exercise operational command over fleet units+ however Commanding $fficers of submarines are responsive to Commander Australian #av/ Submarine )roup for conforming to Submarine Force Wor#+ .(488 * Strategies and %efenses 'ilitar/ service age and obligation is 0< /ears of age for voluntar/ serviceJ women allowed to serve in Arm/ combat units in nonDcombat support roles The %efence mission is to defend Australia and its national interests* "n fulfilling this mission+ we serve all Australians+ and are accountable to the Commonwealth Parliament+ on behalf of the Australian people+ for the efficienc/ and effectiveness with which we carr/ out the )overnmentKs defence polic/* lement )roup coordination reBuirements $ Ar,e+ For'e! o "&e

$Au!"ra#ia'! Na"io*a# Se'uri"1: -885.(

100 101

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Australia outlines how the )overnment has shaped the A%F to increase AustraliaKs capacit/ to meet the heav/ demands of recent /ears+ and the measures being taken to ensure the A%F is a force capable of meeting future militar/ challenges* I%efeating the threat of terrorism+ countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and supporting regional states in difficult/ remain the )overnmentKs highest priorities* IThe &pdate builds on the previousl/ released %efence .hite Paper and %efence &pdate 1993 and highlights the longerDterm trends associated with the impacts of globalisation and changing relationships between the ma4or powers of our region*I The reportKs ke/ conclusions areH Terrorism+ the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the conseBuences of state fragilit/ and failure remain the most immediate strategic challenges for Australia* The A%F needs to confront current international securit/ issues such as terrorism in "raB and Afghanistan whilst helping build capabilities in South ast Asia* The A%F will continue to be called on to provide humanitarian assistance+ disaster relief+ civil emergenc/ response+ offshore evacuation and peacekeeping capabilities on an ongoing and often shortDnotice basis* Continuing strategic complexit/ and uncertaint/ means that we need to build a balanced %efence Force that is versatile+ robust+ 4oint and integrated* %efence industr/ is critical to meeting the A%FKs capabilit/ needs and the )overnment is committed to policies that will build an internationall/ competitive %efence industr/ to support+ sustain and upgrade %efence assets* #ew initiatives includeH

Considering options for heav/ airlift capabilities to supplement the medium lift CD 039 5 Hercules aircraft* "ncreasing the si,e and capabilit/ of the Australian Arm/ through the 09D/ear plan for the Hardened and #etworked Arm/ >H#A@*

!einforcing AustraliaKs counterDterrorism efforts with changes to the %efence Act which strengthen the A%FKs powers to help civil authorities during periods of national emergenc/*

Further tightening export controls to ensure that Australian materials and technologies do not contribute to .'% proliferation* ngaging private sector partners for %efence to increase efficiencies in logistic support to operations* The )overnment will provide the Ar,1 %i"& grea"er ,o2i#i"1: 'o,2a" %eig&"

a*+ *e"%or3 'apa2i#i"ie! to be able to conduct a wide range of tasks* IThe )overnment will i*'rea!e "&e !iFe o "&e or'e: i*'rea!e ire !uppor" a*+ #e/i2i#i"1 and provide a new force structure based on combined arms battle groups* The Arm/ is being delivered an impressive arra/ of eBuipment over the next ten /ears+ including *e% &e#i'op"er!: "a*3!: "ru'3!: %eapo*! !1!"e,! a*+ 'o,2a" eIuip,e*"( The Hardened and #etworked Arm/ plan will optimise the use of the new eBuipment b/ up+a"i*g Ar,1 !"ru'"ure!: "rai*i*g a*+ pro'e+ure!( The Arm/ will also become more capable of sustaining its deplo/ed forces with plans for about 0;99 additional new personnel+ as well as reDfocusing the !eserves to provide high readiness forces which will support operations* -/ 1900+ the Arm/ will reDrole the 3rd -attalion+ the Ro1a# Au!"ra#ia* Regi,e*": ro, a para'&u"e 2a""a#io* 2a!e+ i* S1+*e1: "o 'rea"e a !e'o*+ ,e'&a*i!e+ 2a""a#io* 2a!e+ i* A+e#ai+e * The Australian %efence Force is a national asset we should all be ver/ proud of* The everDchanging environment our men and women of the armed forces operate in is dangerous with the proliferation of lethal weapons and complex environments* This update further prepares the A%F to defend Australia and its interests now and in the future* $Au!"ra#ia'! Na"io*a# Se'uri"1: -885.( F* Anal/sis
102

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a* Capabilities

The Australian %efence Forces >A%F@ is well trained and

well eBuipped based on the inventor/ of tanks+ submarines and air assets including its continuing research on modern s/stems for defence and development*

b* 2ulnerabilities The Australian %efence Forces >A%F@ needs heav/

airlift capabilities to supplement the medium lift CD039 5 Hercules aircraft* Also+ the A%F reBuires Chemical -iological eBuipment* c* Probable Courses of Action The current securit/ strateg/ determined AustraliaFs need to

increase the si,e of the force+ increase fire support and flexibilit/ in order to sufficientl/ address the various securit/ and humanitarian challenges in South ast Asia region and elsewhere* "ncluded is the reDtooling its forces from infantr/ to

mechani,ed and shifting its force from S/dne/ >S @ towards the South in Adelaide likel/ to strengthen its southern territor/* Australia will continue to participate in "nternational and

!egional through cooperative securit/ arrangements with countries particularl/ in the AsiaDPacific*

 securit/*

Australia will continue to work domesticall/ and

internationall/ to counter terrorism and protect AustraliaFs national

CHAPTER IJ SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE Two organi,ations support most of Australian government research and development* The Commonwealth Scientific and "ndustrial !esearch $rgani,ation >CSIRO@+ headBuartered in 'elbourne and founded in 0A1<+ is an independent government agenc/ that supports research and development in all fields of the ph/sical and biological sciences except defense science+ nuclear energ/+ and clinical medicine* The %efense Science and Technolog/ $rgani,ation > DSTO@+ headBuartered in Canberra+ supports militar/ research and development b/ providing scientific and technological assistance to the Australian %efence Force and %epartment of %efence* Several issues dominate current Australian science and technolog/ polic/H the concentration of research and development in national research centersJ tensions among and between universit/ researchers over allocation of research and development funding resourcesJ effective communication between industr/+ government+ and universit/ researchersJ the growing role which industr/ is pla/ing in support of national research and developmentJ and the role which Australia is pla/ing in international science and technolog/ collaboration* HighDtechnolog/ exports totaled T0*; million in 0AA:* )overnment funds about ;;N of all research and development and industr/ about 89N* "n 0AA<+ there were =3 agricultural+ medical+ scientific+ and technical professional associations and societies+ the foremost of which is the Australian Academ/ of Science+ founded in 0A;8 b/ ro/al charter* The Australian Academ/ of Technological Sciences and ngineering was founded in 0A=<* The Australian Science and Technolog/ Council >AST C@ provides an independent source of counsel for the Australian Prime 'inisterJ itKs role was augmented in 0A:< b/ the creation of a post for a 'inister Assisting the Prime 'inister with portfolio for science and technolog/* "n 0AA<+ Australia had 3< universities offering courses in basic and applied science* "n 0A:=GA=+ science and engineering students accounted for 18N of college and universit/ enrollments* The Powerhouse 'useum in S/dne/+ the largest museum

complex in Australia+ has 1; exhibitions in the areas of science+ technolog/+ social histor/+ and decorative arts > Australian )overnment@* 093 A* #ew .eapons DREAD Weapo* S1!"e,6 De;a!"a"i*g: 7a,-Proo : a*+ Si#e*" $De e*!e re;ie%('o,.(48B The first generation %! A% >production version@+ derived from the tacticall/Dconfigured preD production weapon+ will most likel/ be a ground vehicleDmounted antiD personnel weapon* 'ilitar/ Humvees >H''.2Ks@ and other ground vehicles >including Chev/ Suburbans@ eBuipped with the %! A% will en4o/ maga,ine capacities of at least ;9+999 rounds of * 39: Cal*+ or 09+999 rounds of *;9 Cal* ammo* DREAD is an electricall/D powered centrifuge weapon+ or centrifuge IgunI* So+ instead of using selfDcontained cartridges containing powdered propellant >gunpowder@+ the %! A%Ks ammunition will be *39: and *;9 caliber round metal balls ,steel+ tungsten+ tungsten
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carbide+ ceramicDcoated tungsten+ etc***@ that will be literall/ spun out of the weapon at speeds as high as :999 fps >give or take a few hundred feetDperDsecond@ at rather extreme rpmKs+ striking their targets with overwhelming and devastating firepower* .eKre talking about total target saturation+ here* All this+ of course+ makes the %! A% revolutionar/ in the literal sense+ as well as the conceptual one* $ne of the ammunition t/pes the %! A% will be delivering downrange is the ICollision Cluster !oundI+ or ICC!I+ that will be used to penetrate hard targets* The Collision Cluster !ound >CC!@* The %! A% .eapon S/stem is the brainchild of weapons designerLinventor Charles St* )eorge* "t will be 89 inches long+ 31 inches wide+ and 3 inches high >19 inches high with the pintel swivel mount@* "t will be comprised of onl/ 39 component parts+ and will have an empt/ weight of onl/ 1: pounds* ThatKs right+ 1: pounds* The weapon will be capable of rotating 3<9 degrees and en4o/ the same elevation and declination capabilities of an/ conventional vehicleDmounted gunLweapon* Since the %! A%L'P%S >'ultiple Pro4ectile %eliver/ S/stem@ is a centrifuge weapon+ pro4ectile velocit/ can be ad4usted instantl/ back and forth between lethal and lessDlethalLnonDlethal modes* This means it can be utili,ed 4ust as effectivel/ for embass/ securit/ and peacekeeping roles* As an embass/ securit/ weapon+ the lessD lethalLnon lethal mode would most likel/ be the wa/ to go+ in most cases* LessDlethal is usuall/ adeBuate for an/ crowd control or riot control situations* However+ letFs sa/ the crowd starts storming the gates+ and now presents a lethal threat to the occupants inside* .ell+ 4ust pull /our 'arines inside+ switch /our remotel/Doperated batter/ of %! A%Ks on over to lethal mode+ and make survival above ground impossible for an/one outside the embass/* #o one gets in* Same thing goes for militar/ base securit/* !emote %! A% Centrifuge )un Pods can be outfitted with heat and motion sensors+ and left in unmanned areas* These remote pods can be either humanD operated+ or preDprogrammed with both lessDlethalLnonDlethal and lethal protocols that will function automaticall/ and not even reBuire human operation* 'obile robotic platforms+ including remoteDcontrolled &nmanned )round Combat 2ehicles >&)C2Ks@+

could also be outfitted with %! A% s/stems* And+ the list goes on* The technolog/ application possibilitiesLpotential uses are virtuall/ endless* The %! A% Advantages Sheet also lists all the other advantages that the %! A% .eapon S/stem en4o/s over conventional firearms* %! A% is electricall/ powered and doesnKt use an/ powdered propellant for itKs operation+ the %! A% Centrifuge .eapon is virtuall/ silent >no sound signature@+ except for the supersonic IcrackI of the metal balls breaking the sound barrier when the/Kre launched* This makes the direction that the rounds are coming from+ and their point of origin >firing source@+ ver/ difficult for enem/ forces to identif/* "t also allows the operator to communicate easil/ with his team+ or with his command structure+ while heKs still firing on the enem/ >with the %! A%@* .ith the %! A%+ he wonKt have to fight to communicate over his own weaponKs firing report* -* #uclear .arfare Australia is capable of having its nuclear warfare but opted to utili,e its uranium as nuclear source for power generation which is being exported to China+ 5apan+ &S and recentl/ cooperated with !ussia for expansion of market* Aside from nuclear powered submarines+ Australia utili,es nuclear means for medical and industrial purposes* Australia )overnment continues uranium mining as &ranium prices have increased b/ some 399N over the last six months* .estern 'ining Corporation is planning to triple the si,e of !oxb/ uranium mine* The nuclear industr/ is promotion of nuclear power as the answer to climate change* .ith Australia having one third of the worldFs uranium the pressure is on to open up to 1: new mines* The mine+ located ;99 kms north of Adelaide on 6okatha countr/+ has been operating since 0A::* Since then+ it has produced a staggering amount of radioactive waste+ which is simpl/ dumped on site* The radioactive waste stockpile currentl/ amounts to <9 million tonnes and is growing at a rate of 09 million tonnes annuall/* .ith

the proposed doubling or tripling of the mine si,e+ the waste dump will grow at a faster rate $Nu'#ear Free Au!"ra#ia.(485 C* Chemical and -iological .arfare A new Chemical+ -iological+ !adiological and #uclear >C-!#@ %ata Centre+ including a 'obile Forensic Laborator/+ will be opened in 5ul/ 199=* The %ata Centre will provide real time technical advice and intelligence to law enforcement and intelligence agencies and emergenc/ services across Australia about preventing+ preparing for and responding to the use of C-!# weapons or materials b/ criminals or terrorists* The %ata Centre will also support relevant parts of the private sector and provide occupational health and safet/ advice >Securit/ nvironment &pdate+ 199=@* $C&e,i'a#: 2io#ogi'a#: ra+io#ogi'a# a*+ *u'#ear re!po*!e 'apa2i#i"1.(
48? 09<

The Australian )overnment toda/ announced funding of T:*8 million over four /ears to improve AustraliaKs abilit/ to respond to chemical+ biological+ radiological and nuclear >C-!#@ incidents* According to 'r !uddock+ the ongoing need for research and development will improve AustraliaFs capabilities to deal with terrorism* The Australian )overnment will spend T<*9 million on research and development to support AustraliaKs C-!# capabilities covering areas such asH

personal protective clothing and eBuipment decontamination detection rapid mitigation+ and site restoration*

A further T1*8 million will provide for deplo/able mortuar/ services to help manage large numbers of fatalities that might result from terrorist attacks involving
104 10%

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C-!# weapons* The Australian )overnment will work closel/ with State and Territor/ emergenc/+ police and health representatives as well as the #ational %isaster 2ictim "dentification Committee to ensure interoperabilit/ of the Australian )overnment funded service with local+ regional and state level services* %* "ntelligence Targets and Atomic nerg/ Fields A stralia5s 6rani * Mines 7 Autralian &ranium+ 199: ). 188

Figure 12 - Au!"ra#ia Ura*iu, Mappi*g

There are three operating uranium mines in Australia+ !anger in #T+ $l/mpic %am* and -everle/ in South Australia* A fourth is cleared to start constructionH Hone/moon+ in South Australia* These are potential targets for an/ deliberate attack or sabotage*
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Re'e*" Pro+u'"io* ro, Au!"ra#ia* Ura*iu, Mi*e! $"o**e! o UAO9. 4@@5- 4@@?- 4@@9- 4@@@- -888- -884- -88-- -88A- -88B- -885- -8800 O#1,pi' Da, To"a# 9 @ 88 84 88A 8B 85 80 8? Ra*ger 813= 80<1 83=; 8088 8<01 3:0; ;301 8<<= ;;88 0=;: 0<3; 1910 89;; 8:08 31;3 39=; 3AA3 83;< D D D 10A <8A =<1 :=3 09<8 ;0:3 ;1;< 3A01 38=8 :;8 :8=

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Calendar /ear 199= productionH ;801 t from !anger+ 3A:; t from $l/mpic %am+ =8: t from -everle/+ total 09+08; tonnes* &ranium recover/ is about A0*;N+ and ranges up to A3N* * $ther Scientific %evelopments AustraliaFs %efence Science and Technolog/ $rganisation >%ST$@+ a part of AustraliaKs %epartment of %efence emplo/s some of the best minds in the countr/* "ts primar/ mission is to ensure the expert+ impartial and innovative application of science and technolog/ to the defence of Australia and its national interests a*+ !'ie*'e.(48@ $De e*'e

=or+er Sur;ei##a*'e =oo!"e+ Wi"& Ne% Ra+ar E Se'ar

448

Australian %efence and Customs Coastwatch has been eBuipped to monitor AustraliaFs northern coastline following the signing of a contract to trial a new overDtheD hori,on high freBuenc/ surface wave radar* The radar gives comprehensive coverage of this strategicall/ vital Torres Strait during border watch activities*

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%aronmont has developed the worlds first $perational HF Surface .ave !adar >S CA!@+ currentl/ contracted b/ the Commonwealth of Australia for deplo/ment in the #orth of Australia* This s/stem has significant export potential for U >exclusive economic ,one@ and littoral surveillance applications throughout the world* Applications include coastal surveillance forH defence+ fisheries+ immigration+ border patrolLpolicing+ asset protection+ and sea state monitoring*000 According to %aronmont Technologies $perations 'anager Laurie -aldwin+ the uniBue radar s/stem sweeps across the wave tops searching for small boats to protect against peopleDsmugglers and drugDrunners* The surface wave radar was built on the small conical shaped island of %auan in the Torres Strait+ close to the shores of Papua #ew )uinea and its near neighbour Pumpkin "sland* The surface wave radar+ developed b/ Australian compan/ %aronmont Technologies with the help of the %efence Science and Technolog/ $rganisation+ The trial radar has the potential to provide a great deal of intelligence on small boat movements+ something that the %auan islanders welcome as it will protect them from illegal boats entering their waters* Aside from the radar s/stem+ %aronmont is building on its extensive "!LelectroD optics and Comint capabilities to provide additional capabilities in the areas of . S/stems P Simulation %evelopment and Support for training and skills upgrade*

Co,,o*%ea#"& S'ie*"i i' a*+ I*+u!"ria# Re!ear'& Orga*i!a"io* $ CSIRO.(

44-

AustraliaKs national science agenc/ and one of the largest and most diverse research agencies in the world are developing new technologies on transportation and infrastructure* There are significant developments such as cars running on h/drogenJ buildings that are better designed+ and fire proofing of cities are 4ust a few CS"!$
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pro4ects to make our cities more livable* following areasH

Australian scientists are looking at the

developing new transport technologies G such as h/drogen fuel cellD powered vehicle cars in Australia G that produce less green house gases

smarter urban planning for longDterm sustainabilit/ environmentall/Dfriendl/ building processes reliable and optimall/ designed water+ sewage and power utilities making our passenger and freight transport networks+ as well as our buildings and construction+ more effective+ efficient and sustainable protecting our cities and infrastructure from fires+ natural disasters and sabotage* mapping and researching bioDfuels and natural gas derivates as alternatives to oilDbased fuels for road transport s/stems until h/drogen becomes dominant*

CS"!$ is embracing the challenge to ensure that Australian utilities are safeguarded from the natural and manDmade emergencies of the 10st centur/ $CSIRO.(44A &tilities make up the infrastructure used to deliver basic services to the public+ such as water+ gas+ sewerage and electricit/* CS"!$ provides an extensive range of independent testing+ assessment+ research and technolog/Ddevelopment initiatives to help support Australian utilities due to the the emerging challenges these service providers are facing fromH * increased urbanisation environmental stress natural disasters accidents*

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$Ta!,a*ia !uppor"! NASAH! o'ea* !a"e##i"e ,i!!io*!: -88?.( !eferenceH 9=L8=

44B

Tasmania+ scientists will continue to pla/ a role in the operation of the next generation of oceanDobserving satellites to be launched b/ #ASA in 199:* Last 'arch 199=+ 0:9 scientists+ including 39 Australian researchers attended the first international ocean satellite meeting in Hobart* The meeting was sponsored b/ the CS"!$+ .ealth from $ceans !esearch Flagship+ the -ureau of 'eteorolog/ and the !o/al Australian #av/ wherein scientists reviewed ob4ectives and opportunities for the 4oint #ASALFrench Space Agenc/ satellite to be launched in 5une 199:* ,ro9ect :ason ;+ endeavors the mapping the worldKs oceans with application in monitoring climate variabilit/ and change through sea level variations+ and contributing to AustraliaKs ocean forecasting capabilities* F* Anal/sis a* Capabilities AustraliaFs %efence Science and Technolog/ $rganisation >%ST$@ and Commonwealth Scientific and "ndustrial !esearch $rganisation >CS"!$@ provide innovations for AustraliaFs defence+ development and forecasting capabilit/* * b* 2ulnerabilities AustraliaFs emerging scientific technological advancements are to wouldDbe hackers or terrorists* The advent information technolog/ prevents no one from obtaining classified information* Australia remains focused in other scientific initiatives with other scientists of the world to develop more capabilit/*

11+

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 an/one* needs*

AustraliaFs rich uranium deposits ma/be future targets of

terrorism* Also+ the upsurge of technolog/ opens even critical information to %")$Fs uncertaint/ of the relevance of some products in

further developing new capabilities complementar/ to future national securit/ c* Probable Courses of Action Australia is likel/ to continue its scientific initiatives to The first international ocean satellite meeting in Hobart pursue its defence and national interests* last 'arch 199= with :9 scientists from other regions manifests AustraliaFs cooperation to development new scientific s/stems* %eveloping countries like the Philippines will benefit from the advances in science and technologies particularl/ in finding fuel alternatives such as h/drogen fuel cellDpowered vehicles*

CHAPTER J ASS SS' #T A* Capabilities AustraliaFs vast territor/ is an asset in terms of defence in the event of an/ foreign aggression L invasion* The weather conditions are similar to other countries+ making the area a suitable exercise sites for militar/ field exercises during peace time* The Australian Armed Force is one of the best in the world* The Australian %efence Forces >A%F@ is well trained and well eBuipped based on the inventor/ of tanks+ submarines and air assets including its continuing research on modern s/stems for defence and development* Australian farmers have made extensive use of advances in agricultural science and technolog/ to become among the most efficient* Agriculture remains to be source of its economic strength as it provides oneDfifth of AustraliaKs export income* The Commonwealth government eliminated its net debt in 199<+ but continues a gross debt issue to support the market for riskDfree securities* AustraliaFs rich natural resources accounts for ma4or uranium deposits in the #orthern Territor/+ South Australia+ .estern Australia+ and other parts of the countr/ as potential source of nuclear fuel for development and defence* !esearchers claim that a pound of uranium can /ield as much energ/ as three million pounds of coal* Their transportation and communication competence are likewise essential for its development* Telecommunication services became relativel/ cheap with more service providers+ conversel/+ the Philippines has few telecommunication providers that makes communication Buite expensive* Similarl/+ Australia has invested in their trail s/stem in order to interconnect The 5oint Australian Tsunami .arning Centre $perated b/ )eoscience Australia and the -ureau of 'eteorolog/ to monitor natural occurrences* AustraliaFs maritime+

aviation+ land and communication platform and s/stems are read/ to address all t/pes of crises situations* The people are highl/ educated+ having a literac/ rate of almost 099 percent* "ts High ethical standards and levels of skills in professional and working life becomes its potential asset for increased socioeconomic development* The Commonwealth of Australia under a federal s/stem of administration is one of the most stable governments in the world+ having an effective s/stem of providing basic services to its people* AustraliaFs robust political s/stem that strengthened econom/+ thus eliminating its net debt in 199<* #ew P' 6evin !udd sets out an innovative foreign polic/ for a more active and relevant Australia in global affairs* global challenges* P' !udd+ whose Chinese alias is L_ 6`wan is proficient in 'andarin+ indicating a strong and smooth communication with China+ in terms of ideas+ socioDcultural understanding among others* He has vast experience with China which becomes an advantage in terms of econom/+ securit/ among others* His recentl/ initiated 191 Summit was an innovative st/le of involving various sectors of societ/ for the development and future of Australia* $ne ke/ issue was the pushing for the Australia to become a !epublic although such effort was set aside in 0AA: during a referendum* -* 2ulnerabilities The long and wide coastlines are susceptible as potential landing sites for intruders* Population in #orthern and .estern are Buite low which makes wider gaps in these areas in so far as monitoring of would be intruders* Australia will likel/ to invest more on its intelligence facilities to remain responsive and relevant as the geoDpolitical+ economic and securit/

The )lobal threat on terrorism is a ma4or concern for the Australian people* C/ber warfare is an emerging threat as technological advances ma/be the new wave of \weaponr/] to disrupt vital facilities and s/stems integrated in various econom/+ transportation and securit/* Also+ the wide distances between states especiall/ in the desert or wasteland areas are challenges to provide road L track nets so as to connect various states for economical development* C* Probable Courses of Action "n view of the above mentioned capabilities and vulnerabilities of Australia+ it is likel/ that the countr/ adopts the following actions to accomplish its national ob4ectives* 0* Attention will be given in the #orthern and .estern States to deter possible

intrusion from the sea and air* The border radar s/stem at the #orthern portion of the countr/ will complement its border patrols* 1* Australia will continue its research on modern s/stems for defence and

development* Also+ it will likel/ go on with its current militar/ education program with the AFP as part of its program to reinforce securit/ and transnational cooperation with AS A# countries* !ecentl/+ the Australian Arm/ )eneral Staff students toured the AFP C)SC+ Corregidor "sland and other sites 3* Australia is likel/ to pursue its uranium production and trade with

advanced countries such as !ussia+ China and 5apan as their biggest consumer* The current energ/ shortage ma/ prompt the Philippines to consider the restoration of its dormant nuclear energ/ capabilit/*

8*

Australia will likel/ strengthen its economic and trade cooperation with

AS A# countries to sustain its econom/* The implementation of the Australian Fumigation and Accreditation Scheme >AFAS@ will be a marked advantage for the Philippines as it ma/ increase export Buota to Australia*

;*

The completion of the first transcontinental railroad freight service between

A+e#ai+e $Sou"&. and Dar%i* $Nor"&. that started in 1998 is likel/ to facilitate trade with China* Australian !ail Track Corporation >A!TC@ will sustain its investment of TA 0*8 billion >T&S " billion@ to connect the 1 biggest cities+ 'elbourne and S/dne/*

<*

Australia will likel/ sustain its 4oint Tsunami .arning measure to predict

storms and protect its citi,ens and econom/ from similar events such as the Tropical C/clone Larr/ that hit Cueensland last 'arch 199<+ destro/ing sugarcane and banana crops+ including properties but little loss of life*

=I=LIOGRAPHY Published Sources Australian Constitution vans+ 'ichael+ Australian %efence College >199=@ $ccasional Series #o0 The 'ilitar/ -alance 199=+ "nternational "nstitute for Strategic Studies &npublished Sources Pere,+ .innefred %* Countr/ Stud/ Australia >1990@+ "$ACL S"C Class #o* 1;+ S"TS+ "SAFP+ Camp Aguinaldo+ Cue,on Cit/ 'esa+ Fernando L* Countr/ Stud/ Australia >0AA3@+ "$ACL S"C Class #o* 0A+ S"TS+ "SAFP+ Camp Aguinaldo+ Cue,on Cit/ lectronicL "nternet sources 199: &ltimate !eference Suite >-ritannica@ )rolier 'ultimedia nc/clopedia >199:@ Australia* > 199:@** &ltimate !eference Suite* ChicagoH nc/clopddia -ritannica* httpHLLen*wikipedia*orgLwikiLAustralianYCapitalYTerritor/YLegislativeYAssembl/ httpHLLen*wikipedia*orgLwikiL%arwin+Y#orthernYTerritor/ D 0=8k D Cached httpHLLgme*grolier*com >)rolier $nline@ httpHLLworld*b/map*orgLPopulation*html httpHLLwww*basis*act*gov*auL%&SLibrar/L"magesACT*nsfL3;9<a:Ab8;1:=c;1ca1 ;<abc999c8Aa:L3==b8=1:;d8e;18A8a1;<ca=990<fd3ae$pen%ocument httpHLLwww*cia*govLlibrar/LpublicationsLtheDworldDfactbookLgeosLas*html httpHLLwww*defence*gov*auLleaders*cfmfwarner http://www.dfat.gov.a /ai!/overview.html httpHLLwww*nationsenc/clopedia*comLAsiaDandD$ceaniaLAustraliaDA!' %D F$!C S*html httpHLLwww*oecd*orgLdocumentL3<L9+3383+enY33:=309:Y33:=311AY3A3;;3<8Y0 Y0Y0Y0+99*html httpHLLwww*travellerspoint*comLflagsDlarge*cfmQcountr/RAustralia httpHLLwww*raaf*gov*auLaboutusLindex*htm

A::2S2/ THE AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTION COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT WHITE PAPER FOREIGN AND TRADE POLICY AUSTRALIA'S OVERSEAS AID PROGRAM AUSTRALIA-RUSSIA NUCLEAR COOPERATION AGREEMENT

T&e Au!"ra#ia* Co*!"i"u"io* Ta2#e o Pro;i!io*! An Act to constitute the Commonwealth of Australia ZAth 5ul/ 0A99[ ><3 P <8 2ictoria D Chapter 01@ Preamble T&e Co*!"i"u"io* Chapter "* The Parliament $!( 4 "o 08. Part " D )eneral >s* 0 to <@ Part "" D The Senate >s* = to 13@ Part """ D The House of !epresentatives >s* 18 to 89@ Part "2 D -oth Houses of the Parliament >s* 80 to ;9@ Part 2 D Powers of the Parliament >s* ;0 to <9@

Chapter ""* The xecutive )overnment >s* <0 to =9@ Chapter """* The 5udicature >s* =0 to :9@ Chapter "2* Finance and Trade >s* :0 to 09;A@ Chapter 2* The States >s* 09< to 019@ Chapter 2"* #ew States >s* 010 to 018@ Chapter 2""* 'iscellaneous >s* 01; to 01=@ Chapter 2"""* Alteration of the Constitution >s* 01:@ The Schedule

#o**on9ealth 4+ A stralia #onstit tion Act $Prea,2#e. A* A'" "o 'o*!"i"u"e "&e Co,,o*%ea#"& o Au!"ra#ia( K@"& 7u#1 4@88L >The .ommonwealth of Australia .onstitution Act &4'' is an Act of the Parliament of the &nited 6ingdom at .estminster@

W&erea! the people of #ew South .ales+ 2ictoria+ South Australia+ Cueensland+ and Tasmania+ humbl/ rel/ing on the blessing of Almight/ )od+ have agreed to unite in one indissoluble Federal Commonwealth under the Crown of the &nited 6ingdom of )reat -ritain and "reland+ and under the Constitution hereb/ establishedH And whereas it is expedient to provide for the admission into the Commonwealth of other Australasian Colonies and possessions of the CueenH -e it therefore enacted b/ the CueenKs most xcellent 'a4est/+ b/ and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal+ and Commons+ in this present Parliament assembled+ and b/ the authorit/ of the same+ as followsHDD 4( This Act ma/ be cited as the .ommonwealth of Australia .onstitution Act* -( The provisions of this Act referring to the Cueen shall extend to Her 'a4est/Ks heirs and successors in the sovereignt/ of the &nited 6ingdom* A( "t shall be lawful for the Cueen+ with the advice of the Priv/ Council+ to declare b/ proclamation that+ on and after a da/ therein appointed+ not being later that one /ear after the passing of this Act+ the people of #ew South .ales+ 2ictoria+ South Australia+ Cueensland+ and Tasmania+ and also+ if Her 'a4est/ is satisfied that the people of .estern Australia have agreed thereto+ of .estern Australia+ shall be united in a Federal Commonwealth under the name of the Commonwealth of Australia* -ut the Cueen ma/+ at an/ time after the proclamation+ appoint a )overnorD)eneral for the Commonwealth* B( The Commonwealth shall be established+ and the Constitution of the Commonwealth shall take effect+ on and after the da/ so appointed* -ut the Parliaments of the several colonies ma/ at an/ time after the passing of this Act make an/ such laws+ to come into operation on the da/ so appointed+ as the/ might have made if the Constitution had taken effect at the passing of this Act* 5( This Act+ and all laws made b/ the Parliament of the Commonwealth under the Constitution+ shall be binding on the courts+ 4udges+ and people of ever/ State and of ever/ part of the Commonwealth+ notwithstanding an/thing in the laws of an/

StateJ and the laws of the Commonwealth shall be in force on all -ritish ships+ the CueenKs ships of war excepted+ whose first port of clearance and whose port of destination are in the Commonwealth* 0( IThe CommonwealthI shall mean the Commonwealth of Australia as established under this Act* IThe StatesI shall mean such of the colonies of #ew South .ales+ #ew Uealand+ Cueensland+ Tasmania+ 2ictoria+ .estern Australia+ and South Australia+ including the northern territor/ of South Australia+ as for the time being are parts of the Commonwealth+ and such colonies or territories as ma/ be admitted into or established b/ the Commonwealth as StatesJ and each of such parts of the Commonwealth shall be called Ia StateI* I$riginal StatesI shall mean such States as are parts of the Commonwealth at its establishment* ?( The 6ederal .ouncil of Australasia Act+ 0::;+ is hereb/ repealed+ but so as not to affect an/ laws passed b/ the Federal Council of Australasia and in force at the establishment of the Commonwealth* An/ such law ma/ be repealed as to an/ State b/ the Parliament of the Commonwealth+ or as to an/ colon/ not being a State b/ the Parliament thereof* 9( After the passing of this Act the .olonial Boundaries Act+ 0:A;+ shall not appl/ to an/ colon/ which becomes a State of the CommonwealthJ but the Commonwealth shall be taken to be a selfDgoverning colon/ for the purposes of that Act* @( The Constitution of the Commonwealth shall be as followsHDD #o**on9ealth 4+ A stralia #onstit tion Act C&ap"er I( T&e Par#ia,e*"(

!art I...General. 4( The legislative power of the Commonwealth shall be vested in a Federal Parliament+ which shall consist of the Cueen+ a Senate+ and a House of !epresentatives+ and which is hereinDafter called IThe Parliament+I or IThe Parliament of the Commonwealth* I -( A )overnorD)eneral appointed b/ the Cueen shall be Her 'a4est/Ks representative in the Commonwealth+ and shall have and ma/ exercise in the Commonwealth during the CueenKs pleasure+ but sub4ect to this Constitution+ such powers and functions of the Cueen as Her 'a4est/ ma/ be pleased to assign to him* A( There shall be pa/able to the Cueen out of the Consolidated !evenue fund of the Commonwealth+ for the salar/ of the )overnorD)eneral+ an annual sum which+ until the Parliament otherwise provides+ shall be ten thousand pounds* The salar/ of the )overnorD)eneral shall not be altered during his continuance in office* B( The provisions of this Constitution relating to the )overnorD)eneral extend and appl/ to the )overnorD)eneral for the time being+ or such person as the Cueen ma/ appoint to administer the )overnment of the CommonwealthJ but no such person shall be entitled to receive an/ salar/ from the Commonwealth in respect of an/ other office during his administration of the )overnment of the Commonwealth* 5( The )overnorD)eneral ma/ appoint such times for holding the sessions of the Parliament as he thinks fit+ and ma/ also from time to time+ b/ Proclamation or otherwise+ prorogue the Parliament+ and ma/ in like manner dissolve the House of !epresentatives* After an/ general election the Parliament shall be summoned to meet not later than thirt/ da/s after the da/ appointed for the return of the writs* The Parliament shall be summoned to meet not later than six months after the establishment of the Commonwealth* 0( There shall be a session of the Parliament once at least in ever/ /ear+ so that twelve months shall not intervene between the last sitting of the Parliament in one session and its first sitting in the next session*

!art II...The Senate. ?( The Senate shall be composed of senators for each State+ directl/ chosen b/ the people of the State+ voting+ until the Parliament otherwise provides+ as one electorate* -ut until the Parliament of the Commonwealth otherwise provides+ the Parliament of the State of Cueensland+ if that State be an $riginal State+ ma/ make laws dividing the State into divisions and determining the number of senators to be chosen for each division+ and in the absence of such provision the State shall be one electorate* &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides there shall be six senators for each $riginal State* The Parliament ma/ make laws increasing or diminishing the number of senators for each State+ but so that eBual representation of the several $riginal States shall be maintained and that no $riginal State shall have less than six senators* The senators shall be chosen for a term of six /ears+ and the names of the senators chosen for each State shall be certified b/ the )overnor to the )overnorD)eneral* 9( The Bualification of electors of senators shall be in each State that which is prescribed b/ this Constitution+ or b/ the Parliament+ as the Bualification for electors of members of the House of !epresentativesJ but in the choosing of senators each elector shall vote onl/ once* @( The Parliament of the Commonwealth ma/ make laws prescribing the method of choosing senators+ but so that the method shall be uniform for all the States* Sub4ect to an/ such law+ the Parliament of each State ma/ make laws prescribing the method of choosing the senators for that State* The Parliament of a State ma/ make laws for determining the times and places of elections of senators for the State* 48( &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ but sub4ect to this Constitution+ the laws in force in each State+ for the time being+ relating to elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of the State shall+ as nearl/ as practicable+ appl/ to elections of senators for the State*

44( The Senate ma/ proceed to despatch of business+ notwithstanding the failure of an/ State to provide for its representation in the Senate* 4-( The )overnor of an/ State ma/ cause writs to be issued for elections of senators for the State* "n case of the dissolution of the Senate the writs shall be issued within ten da/s from the proclamation of such dissolution* 4A( As soon as ma/ be after the Senate first meets+ and after each first meeting of the Senate following a dissolution thereof+ the Senate shall divide the senators chosen for each State into two classes+ as nearl/ eBual in number as practicableJ and the places of the senators of the first class shall become vacant at the expiration of three /ears+ and the places of those of the second class at the expiration of six /ears+ from the beginning of their term of serviceJ and afterwards the places of senators shall be vacant at the expiration of six /ears from the beginning of their term of service* The election to fill vacant places shall be made within one /ear before the places are to become vacant* For the purpose of this section the term of service of a senator shall be taken to begin on the first da/ of 5ul/ following the da/ of his election+ except in the cases of the first election and of the election next after an/ dissolution of the Senate+ when it shall be taken to begin on the first da/ of 5ul/ preceding the da/ of his election* 4B( .henever the number of senators for a State is increased or diminished+ the Parliament of the Commonwealth ma/ make such provision for the vacating of the places of senators for the State as it deems necessar/ to maintain regularit/ in the rotation* 45( "f the place of a senator becomes vacant before the expiration of his term of service+ the Houses of Parliament of the State for which he was chosen+ sitting and voting together+ or+ if there is onl/ one House of that Parliament+ that House+ shall choose a person to hold the place until the expiration of the term* -ut if the Parliament of the State is not in session when the vacanc/ is notified+ the )overnor of the State+ with the advice of the xecutive Council thereof+ ma/ appoint a person to hold the place until the

expiration of fourteen da/s from the beginning of the next session of the Parliament of the State or the expiration of the term+ whichever first happens* .here a vacanc/ has at an/ time occurred in the place of a senator chosen b/ the people of a State and+ at the time when he was so chosen+ he was publicl/ recognised b/ a particular political part/ as being an endorsed candidate of that part/ and publicl/ represented himself to be such a candidate+ a person chosen or appointed under this section in conseBuence of that vacanc/+ or in conseBuence of that vacanc/ and a subseBuent vacanc/ or vacancies+ shall+ unless there is no member of that part/ available to be chosen or appointed+ be a member of that part/* .hereDD $a. in accordance with the last preceding paragraph+ a member of a particular political part/ is chosen or appointed to hold the place of a senator whose place had become vacantJ and $2. before taking his seat he ceases to be a member of that part/ >otherwise than b/ reason of the part/ having ceased to exist@+ he shall be deemed not to have been so chosen or appointed and the vacanc/ shall be again notified in accordance with section twent/Done of this Constitution* The name of a senator chosen or appointed under this section shall be certified b/ the )overnor of the State to the )overnorD)eneral* "f the place of a senator chosen b/ the people of a State at the election of senators last held before the commencement of the .onstitution Alteration <+enate .asual =acancies ) 0A== became vacant before that commencement and+ at that commencement+ no person chosen b/ the House or Houses of Parliament of the State+ or appointed b/ the )overnor of the State+ in conseBuence of that vacanc/+ or in conseBuence of that vacanc/ and a subseBuent vacanc/ or vacancies+ held office+ this section applies as if the place of the senator chosen b/ the people of the State had become vacant after that commencement*

A senator holding office at the commencement of the .onstitution Alteration <+enate .asual =acancies) 0A==+ being a senator appointed b/ the )overnor of a State in conseBuence of a vacanc/ that had at an/ time occurred in the place of a senator chosen b/ the people of the State+ shall be deemed to have been appointed to hold the place until the expiration of fourteen da/s after the beginning of the next session of the Parliament of the State that commenced or commences after he was appointed and further action under this section shall be taken as if the vacanc/ in the place of the senator chosen b/ the people of the State had occurred after that commencement* Sub4ect to the next succeeding paragraph+ a senator holding office at the commencement of the .onstitution Alteration <.asual +enate =acancies) 0A== who was chosen b/ the House or Houses of Parliament of a State in conseBuence of a vacanc/ that had at an/ time occurred in the place of a senator chosen b/ the people of the State shall be deemed to have been chosen to hold office until the expiration of the term of service of the senator elected b/ the people of the State* "f+ at or before the commencement of the .onstitution Alteration <+enate .asual =acancies) 0A==+ a law to alter the Constitution entitled I .onstitutional Alteration <+imultaneous Elections) 0A==I came into operation+ a senator holding office at the commencement of that law who was chosen b/ the House or Houses of Parliament of a State in conseBuence of a vacanc/ that had at an/ time occurred in the place of a senator chosen b/ the people of the State shall be deemed to have been chosen to hold officeDD $a. if the senator elected b/ the people of the State had a term of service expiring on the thirtieth da/ of 5une+ $ne thousand nine hundred and sevent/DeightDDuntil the expiration or dissolution of the first House of !epresentatives to expire or be dissolved after that law came into operationJ or $2 if the senator elected b/ the people of the State had a term of service expiring on the thirtieth da/ of 5une+ $ne thousand nine hundred and eight/DoneDDuntil the expiration or dissolution of the first House of !epresentatives to expire or be dissolved after that law came into operationJ or+ if there is an earlier dissolution of the Senate+ until that dissolution*

40( The Bualification of a senator shall be the same as those of a member of the House of !epresentatives* 4?( The Senate shall+ before proceeding to the despatch of an/ other business+ choose a senator to be the President of the SenateJ and as often as the office of President becomes vacant the Senate shall again choose a senator to be the President* The President shall cease to hold his office if he ceases to be a senator* He ma/ be removed from office b/ a vote of the Senate+ or he ma/ resign his office or his seat b/ writing addressed to the )overnorD)eneral* 49( -efore or during an/ absence of the President+ the Senate ma/ choose a senator to perform his duties in his absence* 4@( A senator ma/ b/ writing addressed to the President+ or to the )overnorD)eneral if there is no President or if the President is absent from the Commonwealth+ resign his place+ which thereupon shall become vacant* -8( The place of a senator shall become vacant if for two consecutive months of an/ session of the Parliament he+ without the permission of the Senate+ fails to attend the Senate* -4( .henever a vacanc/ happens in the Senate+ the President+ or if there is no President or if the President is absent from the Commonwealth the )overnorD)eneral+ shall notif/ the same to the )overnor of the State in the representation of which the vacanc/ has happened* --( &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ the presence of at least oneDthird of the whole number of the senators shall be necessar/ to constitute a meeting of the Senate for the exercise of its powers* -A( Cuestions arising in the Senate shall be determined b/ a ma4orit/ of votes+ and each senator shall have one vote* The President shall in all cases be entitled to a voteJ and when the votes are eBual the Buestion shall pass in the negative*

!art III...The "o se o+ 3epresentati2es. -B( The House of !epresentatives shall be composed of members directl/ chosen b/ the people of the Commonwealth+ and the number of such members shall be+ as nearl/ as practicable+ twice the number of senators* The number of members chosen in the several States shall be in proportion to the respective members of their people+ and shall+ until the Parliament otherwise provides+ be determined+ whenever necessar/+ in the following mannerHDD $i( . A Buota shall be ascertained b/ dividing the number of the people of the Commonwealth+ as shown b/ the latest statistics of the Commonwealth+ b/ twice the number of senatorsH $ii( . The number of members to be chosen in each State shall be determined b/ dividing the number of the people of the State+ as shown b/ the latest statistics of the Commonwealth+ b/ the BuotaJ and if on such division there is a remainder greater than oneDhalf of the Buota+ one more member shall be chosen in the State* -ut notwithstanding an/thing in this section+ five members at least shall be chosen in each $riginal State* -5( For the purposes of the last section+ if b/ the law of an/ State all persons of an/ race are disBualified from voting at elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of the State+ then+ in reckoning the number of the people of the State or of the Commonwealth+ persons of that race resident in that State shall not be counted* -0( #otwithstanding an/thing in section twent/Dfour+ the number of members to be chosen in each State at the first election shall be as followsHDD Ne% Sou"& Wa#e!HD twent/DthreeJ Vi'"oriaHD twent/J )uee*!#a*+HD eightJ Sou"& Au!"ra#iaHD sixJ Ta!,a*iaHD fiveJ

Provided that if .estern Australia is an $riginal State+ the numbers shall be as followsHDD Ne% Sou"& Wa#e!HD twent/DsixJ Vi'"oriaHD twent/DthreeJ )uee*!#a*+HD nineJ Sou"& Au!"ra#iaHD sevenJ We!"er* Au!"ra#iaHD fiveJ Ta!,a*iaHD five* -?( Sub4ect to this Constitution+ the Parliament ma/ make laws for increasing or diminishing the number of the members of the House of !epresentatives* -9( ver/ House of !epresentatives shall continue for three /ears from the first meeting of the House+ and no longer+ but ma/ be sooner dissolved b/ the )overnorD)eneral* -@( &ntil the Parliament of the Commonwealth otherwise provides+ the Parliament of an/ State ma/ make laws for determining the divisions in each State for which members of the House of !epresentatives ma/ be chosen+ and the number of members to be chosen for each division* A division shall not be formed out of parts of different States* "n the absence of other provision each State shall be one electorate* A8( &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ the Bualification of electors of members of the House of !epresentatives shall be in each State that which is prescribed b/ the law of the State as the Bualification of electors of the more numerous House of Parliament of the StateJ but in the choosing of members each elector shall vote onl/ once* A4( &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ but sub4ect to this Constitution+ the laws in force in each State for the time being relating to elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of the State shall+ as nearl/ as practicable+ appl/ to elections in the State of members of the House of !epresentatives* A-( The )overnorD)eneral in Council ma/ cause writs to be issued for general elections of members of the House of !epresentatives* After the first general election+ the writs

shall be issued within ten da/s from the expir/ of a House of !epresentatives or from the proclamation of a dissolution thereof* AA( .henever a vacanc/ happens in the House of !epresentatives+ the Speaker shall issue his writ for the election of a new member+ or if there is no Speaker or if he is absent from the Commonwealth the )overnorD)eneral in Council ma/ issue the writ* AB( &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ the Bualifications of a member of the House of !epresentatives shall be as followsHDD $i( . He must be of the full age of twent/Done /ears+ and must be an elector entitled to vote at the election of members of the House of !epresentatives+ or a person Bualified to become such elector+ and must have been for three /ears at the least a resident within the limits of the Commonwealth as existing at the time when he was chosenH $ii( . He must be a sub4ect of the Cueen+ either naturalDborn or for at least five /ears naturalised under a law of the &nited 6ingdom+ or of a Colon/ which has become or becomes a State+ or of the Commonwealth+ or of a State* A5( The House of !epresentatives shall+ before proceeding to the despatch of an/ other business+ choose a member to be the Speaker of the House+ and as often as the office of Speaker becomes vacant the House shall again choose a member to be the Speaker* The Speaker shall cease to hold his office if he ceases to be a member* He ma/ be removed from office b/ a vote of the House+ or he ma/ resign his office or his seat b/ writing addressed to the )overnorD)eneral* A0( -efore or during an/ absence of the Speaker+ the House of !epresentatives ma/ choose a member to perform his duties in his absence* A?( A member ma/ b/ writing addressed to the Speaker+ or to the )overnorD)eneral if there is no Speaker or if the Speaker is absent from the Commonwealth+ resign his place+ which thereupon shall become vacant*

A9( The place of a member shall become vacant if for two consecutive months of an/ session of the Parliament he+ without the permission of the House+ fails to attend the House* A@( &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ the presence of at least oneDthird of the whole number of the members of the House of !epresentatives shall be necessar/ to constitute a meeting of the House for the exercise of its powers* B8( Cuestions arising in the House of !epresentatives shall be determined b/ a ma4orit/ of votes other than that of the Speaker* The Speaker shall not vote unless the numbers are eBual+ and then he shall have a casting vote* !art I:...Both "o ses o+ the !arlia*ent. B4( #o adult person who has or acBuires a right to vote at elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of a State shall+ while the right continues+ be prevented b/ an/ law of the Commonwealth from voting at elections for either House of the Parliament of the Commonwealth* B-( ver/ senator and ever/ member of the House of !epresentatives shall before taking his seat make and subscribe before the )overnorD)eneral+ or some person authorised b/ him+ an oath or affirmation of allegiance in the form set forth in the schedule to this Constitution* BA( A member of either House of the Parliament shall be incapable of being chosen or of sitting as a member of the other House* BB( An/ person whoDD $i( . "s under an/ acknowledgement of allegiance+ obedience+ or adherence to a foreign power+ or is a sub4ect or a citi,en or entitled to the rights or privileges of a sub4ect or citi,en of a foreign powerH or

$ii( . "s attained of treason+ or has been convicted and is under sentence+ or sub4ect to be sentenced+ for an/ offence punishable under the law of the Commonwealth or of a State b/ imprisonment for one /ear or longerH or $iii( . "s an undischarged bankrupt or insolventH or $i;( . Holds an/ office of profit under the Crown+ or an/ pension pa/able during the pleasure of the Crown out of an/ of the revenues of the CommonwealthH or $;( . Has an/ direct or indirect pecuniar/ interest in an/ agreement with the Public Service of the Commonwealth otherwise than as a member and in common with the other members of an incorporated compan/ consisting of more than twent/D five personsH shall be incapable of being chosen or of sitting as a senator or a member of the House of !epresentatives* -ut subDsection iv* does not appl/ to the office of an/ of the CueenKs 'inisters of State for the Commonwealth+ or of an/ of the CueenKs 'inisters for a State+ or to the receipt of pa/+ half pa/+ or a pension+ b/ an/ person as an officer or member of the CueenKs nav/ or arm/+ or to the receipt of pa/ as an officer or member of the naval or militar/ forces of the Commonwealth b/ an/ person whose services are not wholl/ emplo/ed b/ the Commonwealth* B5( "f a senator or member of the House of !epresentativesDD $i( . -ecomes sub4ect to an/ of the disabilities mentioned in the last preceding sectionH or $ii( . Takes the benefit+ whether b/ assignment+ composition+ or otherwise+ of an/ law relating to bankrupt or insolvent debtorsH or $iii(. %irectl/ or indirectl/ takes or agrees to take an/ fee or honorarium for services rendered to the Commonwealth+ or for services rendered in the Parliament to an/ person or StateH his place shall thereupon become vacant*

B0( &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ an/ person declared b/ this Constitution to be incapable of sitting as a senator or as a member of the House of !epresentatives shall+ for ever/ da/ on which he so sits+ be liable to pa/ the sum of one hundred pounds to an/ person who sues for it in an/ court of competent 4urisdiction* B?( &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ an/ Buestion respecting the Bualification of a senator or of a member of the House or !epresentatives+ or respecting a vacanc/ in either House of the Parliament+ and an/ Buestion of a disputed election to either House+ shall be determined b/ the House in which the Buestion arises* B9( &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ each senator and each member of the House of !epresentatives shall receive an allowance of four hundred pounds a /ear+ to be reckoned from the da/ on which he takes his seat* B@( The powers+ privileges+ and immunities of the Senate and of the House of !epresentatives+ and of the members and the committees of each House+ shall be such as are declared b/ the Parliament+ and until declared shall be those of the Commons House of Parliament of the &nited 6ingdom+ and of its members and committees+ at the establishment of the Commonwealth* 58( ach House of the Parliament ma/ make rules and orders with respect toDD $i( . The mode in which its powers+ privileges+ and immunities ma/ be exercised and upheldH $ii( . The order and conduct of its business and proceedings either separatel/ or 4ointl/ with the other House* !art :...!o9ers o+ the !arlia*ent. 54( The Parliament shall+ sub4ect to this Constitution+ have power to make laws for the peace+ order+ and good government of the Commonwealth with respect toH $i( . Trade and commerce with other countries+ and among the StatesH $ii( . TaxationJ but so as not to discriminate between States or parts of StatesH

$iii( . -ounties on the production or export of goods+ but so that such bounties shall be uniform throughout the CommonwealthH $i;( . -orrowing mone/ on the public credit of the CommonwealthH $;( . Postal+ telegraphic+ telephonic+ and other like servicesH $;i( . The naval and militar/ defence of the Commonwealth and of the several States+ and the control of the forces to execute and maintain the laws of the CommonwealthH $;ii( . Lighthouses+ lightships+ beacons and buo/sH $;iii( . Astronomical and meteorological observationsH $i/( . CuarantineH $/( . Fisheries in Australian waters be/ond territorial limitsH $/i( . Census and statisticsH $/ii( . Currenc/+ coinage+ and legal tenderH $/iii( . -anking+ other than State bankingJ also State banking extending be/ond the limits of the State concerned+ the incorporation of banks+ and the issue of paper mone/H $/i;( . "nsurance+ other than State insuranceJ also State insurance extending be/ond the limits of the State concernedH $/;( . .eights and measuresH $/;i( . -ills of exchanging and promissor/ notesH $/;ii( . -ankruptc/ and insolvenc/H $/;iii( . Cop/rights+ patents of inventions and designs+ and trade marksH

$/i/( . #aturalisation and aliensH $//( . Foreign corporations+ and trading or financial corporations formed within the limits of the CommonwealthH $//i( . 'arriageH $//ii( . %ivorce and matrimonial causesJ and in relation thereto+ parental rights+ and the custod/ and guardianship of infantsH $//iii( . "nvalid and oldDage pensionsH $//iiiA( . The provision of maternit/ allowances+ widowsK pensions+ child endowment+ unemplo/ment+ pharmaceutical+ sickness and hospital benefits+ medical and dental services >but not so as to authorise an/ form of civil conscription@+ benefits to students and famil/ allowancesH $//i;( . The service and execution throughout the Commonwealth of the civil and criminal process and the 4udgments of the courts of the StatesH $//;( . The recognition throughout the Commonwealth of the laws+ the public Acts and records+ and the 4udicial proceedings of the StatesH $//;i( . The people of an/ race+ for whom it is deemed necessar/ to make special lawsH $//;ii( . "mmigration and emigrationH $//;iii( . The influx of criminalsH $//i/( . xternal AffairsH $///( . The relations of the Commonwealth with the islands of the PacificH $///i( . The acBuisition of propert/ on 4ust terms from an/ State or person for an/ purpose in respect of which the Parliament has power to make lawsH

$///ii( . The control of railwa/s with respect to transport for the naval and militar/ purposes of the CommonwealthH $///iii( . The acBuisition+ with the consent of a State+ of an/ railwa/s of the State on terms arranged between the Commonwealth and the StateH $///i;( . !ailwa/ construction and extension in an/ State with the consent of that StateH $///;( . Conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending be/ond the limits of an/ one StateH $///;i( . 'atters in respect of which this Constitution makes provision until the Parliament otherwise providesH $///;ii( . 'atters referred to the Parliament of the Commonwealth b/ the Parliament or Parliaments of an/ State or States+ but so that the law shall extend onl/ to States b/ whose Parliaments the matter is referred+ or which afterwards adopt the lawH $///;iii( . The exercise within the Commonwealth+ at the reBuest or with the concurrence of the Parliaments of all the States directl/ concerned+ of an/ power which can at the establishment of this Constitution be exercised onl/ b/ the Parliament of the &nited 6ingdom or b/ the Federal Council of AustralasiaH $///i/( . 'atters incidental to the execution of an/ power vested b/ this Constitution in the Parliament or in either House thereof+ or in the )overnment of the Commonwealth+ or in the Federal 5udicature+ or in an/ department or officer of the Commonwealth* 5-( The Parliament shall+ sub4ect to this Constitution+ have exclusive power to make laws for the peace+ order+ and good government of the Commonwealth with respect toDD $i. The seat of the government of the Commonwealth+ and all places acBuired b/ the Commonwealth for public purposesH

$ii( . 'atters relating to an/ department of the public service the control of which is b/ this Constitution transferred to the xecutive )overnment or the CommonwealthH $iii( . $ther matters declared b/ this Constitution to be within the exclusive power of the Parliament* 5A( Proposed laws appropriating revenue or mone/s+ or imposing taxation+ shall not originate in the Senate* -ut a proposed law shall not be taken to appropriate revenue or mone/s+ or to impose taxation+ b/ reason onl/ of its containing provisions for the imposition or appropriation of fines or other pecuniar/ penalties+ or for the demand or pa/ment or appropriation of fees for licences+ or fees for services under the proposed law* The Senate ma/ not amend proposed laws imposing taxation+ or proposed laws appropriating revenue or mone/s for the ordinar/ annual services of the )overnment* The Senate ma/ not amend an/ proposed law so as to increase an/ proposed charge or burden on the people* The Senate ma/ at an/ stage return to the House of !epresentatives an/ proposed law which the Senate ma/ not amend+ reBuesting+ b/ message+ the omission or amendment of an/ items or provisions therein* And the House of !epresentatives ma/+ if it thinks fit+ make an/ of such omissions or amendments+ with or without modifications* xcept as provided in this section+ the Senate shall have eBual power with the House of !epresentatives in respect of all proposed laws* 5B( The proposed law which appropriates revenue or mone/s for the ordinar/ annual services of the )overnment shall deal onl/ with such appropriation* 55( Laws imposing taxation+ shall deal onl/ with the imposition of taxation+ and an/ provision therein dealing with an/ other matter shall be of no effect*

Laws imposing taxation+ except laws imposing duties of customs or of excise+ shall deal with one sub4ect of taxation onl/J but laws imposing duties of customs shall deal with duties of customs onl/+ and laws imposing duties of excise shall deal with duties of excise onl/* 50( A vote+ resolution+ or proposed law for the appropriation of revenue or mone/s shall not be passed unless the purpose of the appropriation has in the same session been recommended b/ message of the )overnorD)eneral to the House in which the proposal originated* 5?( "f the House of representatives passes an/ proposed law+ and the Senate re4ects or fails to pass it+ or passes it with amendments to which the House of !epresentatives will not agree+ and if after an interval of three months the House of !epresentatives+ in the same or the next session+ again passes the proposed law with or without an/ amendments which have been made+ suggested+ or agreed to b/ the Senate+ and the Senate re4ects or fails to pass it+ or passes it with amendments to which the House of !epresentatives will not agree+ the )overnorD)eneral ma/ dissolve the Senate and the House of !epresentatives simultaneousl/* -ut such dissolution shall not take place within six months before the date of the expir/ of the House of !epresentatives b/ effluxion of time* "f after such dissolution the House of !epresentatives again passes the proposed law+ with or without an/ amendments which have been made+ suggested+ or agreed to b/ the Senate+ and the Senate re4ects or fails to pass it+ or passes it with amendments to which the House of !epresentatives will not agree+ the )overnorD)eneral ma/ convene a 4oint sitting of the members of the Senate and of the House of !epresentatives* The members present at the 4oint sitting ma/ deliberate and shall vote together upon the proposed law as last proposed b/ the House of !epresentatives+ and upon amendments+ if an/+ which have been made therein b/ one House and not agreed to b/ the other+ and an/ such amendments which are affirmed b/ an absolute ma4orit/ of the total number of the members of the Senate and House of !epresentatives shall be taken to have been carried+ and if the proposed law+ with the amendments+ if an/+ so carried is affirmed b/ an absolute ma4orit/ of the total number of the members of the

Senate and House of !epresentatives+ it shall be taken to have been dul/ passed b/ both Houses of the Parliament+ and shall be presented to the )overnorD)eneral for the CueenKs assent* 59( .hen a proposed law passed b/ both Houses of the Parliament is presented to the )overnorD)eneral for the CueenKs assent+ he shall declare+ according to his discretion+ but sub4ect to this Constitution+ that he assents in the CueenKs name+ or that he withholds assent+ or that he reserves the law for the CueenKs pleasure* The )overnorD)eneral ma/ return to the house in which it originated an/ proposed law so presented to him+ and ma/ transmit therewith an/ amendments which he ma/ recommend+ and the Houses ma/ deal with the recommendation* 5@( The Cueen ma/ disallow an/ law within one /ear from the )overnorD)eneralKs assent+ and such disallowance on being made known b/ the )overnorD)eneral b/ speech or message to each of the Houses of the Parliament+ or b/ Proclamation+ shall annul the law from the da/ when the disallowance is so made known* 08( A proposed law reserved for the CueenKs pleasure shall not have an/ force unless and until within two /ears from the da/ on which it was presented to the )overnorD )eneral for the CueenKs assent the )overnorD)eneral makes known+ b/ speech or message to each of the Houses of the Parliament+ or b/ Proclamation+ that it has received the CueenKs assent* C&ap"er II( T&e E/e'u"i;e Go;er*,e*"( 04( The executive power of the Commonwealth is vested in the Cueen and is exercisable b/ the )overnorD)eneral as the CueenKs representative+ and extends to the execution and maintenance of this Constitution+ and of the laws of the Commonwealth* 0-( There shall be a Federal xecutive Council to advise the )overnorD)eneral in the government of the Commonwealth+ and the members of the Council shall be chosen and summoned b/ the )overnorD)eneral and sworn as xecutive Councillors+ and shall hold office during his pleasure*

0A( The provisions of this Constitution referring to the )overnorD)eneral in Council shall be construed as referring to the )overnorD)eneral acting with the advice of the Federal xecutive Council* 0B( The )overnorD)eneral ma/ appoint officers to administer such departments of State of the Commonwealth as the )overnorD)eneral in Council ma/ establish* Such officers shall hold office during the pleasure of the )overnorD)eneral* The/ shall be members of the Federal xecutive Council+ and shall be the CueenKs 'inisters of State for the Commonwealth* After the first general election no 'inister of State shall hold office for a longer period than three months unless he is or becomes a senator or a member of the House of !epresentatives* 05( &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ the 'inisters of State shall not exceed seven in number+ and shall hold such offices as the Parliament prescribes+ or+ in the absence of provision+ as the )overnorD)eneral directs* 00( There shall be pa/able to the Cueen+ out of the Consolidated !evenue Fund of the Commonwealth+ for the salaries of the 'inisters of State+ an annual sum which+ until the Parliament otherwise provides+ shall not exceed twelve thousand pounds a /ear* 0?( &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ the appointment and removal of all other officers of the xecutive )overnment of the Commonwealth shall be vested in the )overnorD)eneral in Council+ unless the appointment is delegated b/ the )overnorD )eneral in Council or b/ a law of the Commonwealth to some other authorit/* 09( The command in chief of the naval and militar/ forces of the Commonwealth is vested in the )overnorD)eneral as the CueenKs representative* 0@( $n a date or dates to be proclaimed b/ the )overnorD)eneral after the establishment of the Commonwealth the following departments of the public service in each State shall become transferred to the CommonwealthHDD

Posts+ telegraphs+ and telephonesH #aval and militar/ defenceH Lighthouses+ lightships+ beacons+ and buo/sH Cuarantine* -ut the departments of customs and of excise in each State shall become transferred to the Commonwealth on its establishment* ?8( "n respect of matters which+ under this Constitution+ pass to the xecutive )overnment of the Commonwealth+ all powers and functions which at the establishment of the Commonwealth are vested in the )overnor of a Colon/+ or in the )overnor of a Colon/ with the advice of his xecutive Council+ or in an/ authorit/ of a Colon/+ shall vest in the )overnorD)eneral+ or in the )overnorD)eneral in Council+ or in the authorit/ exercising similar powers under the Commonwealth+ as the case reBuires* C&ap"er III( T&e 7u+i'a"ure( ?4( The 4udicial power of the Commonwealth shall be vested in a Federal Supreme Court+ to be called the High Court of Australia+ and in such other federal courts as the Parliament creates+ and in such other courts as it invests with federal 4urisdiction* The High Court shall consist of a Chief 5ustice+ and so man/ other 5ustices+ not less than two+ as the Parliament prescribes* ?-( The 5ustices of the High Court and of the other courts created b/ the ParliamentDD $i(. Shall be appointed b/ the )overnorD)eneral in CouncilH $ii(. Shall not be removed except b/ the )overnorD)eneral in Council+ on an address from both Houses of the Parliament in the same session+ pra/ing for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacit/H $iii(. Shall receive such remuneration as the Parliament ma/ fixJ but the remuneration shall not be diminished during their continuance in office*

The appointment of a 5ustice of the High Court shall be for a term expiring upon his attaining the age of sevent/ /ears+ and a person shall not be appointed as a 5ustice of the High Court if he has attained that age* The appointment of a 5ustice of a court created b/ the Parliament shall be for a term expiring upon his attaining the age that is+ at the time of his appointment+ the maximum age for 5ustices of that court and a person shall not be appointed as a 5ustice of such a court if he has attained the age that is for the time being the maximum age for 5ustices of that court* Sub4ect to this section+ the maximum age for 5ustices of an/ court created b/ the Parliament is sevent/ /ears* The Parliament ma/ make a law fixing an age that is less than sevent/ /ears as the maximum age for 5ustices of a court created b/ the Parliament and ma/ at an/ time repeal or amend such a law+ but an/ such repeal or amendment does not affect the term of office of a 5ustice under an appointment made before the repeal or amendment* A 5ustice of the High Court or of a court created b/ the Parliament ma/ resign his office b/ writing under his hand delivered to the )overnorD)eneral* #othing in the provisions added to this section b/ the .onstitution Alteration <0etirement of :udges) 0A== affects the continuance of a person in office as a 5ustice of a court under an appointment made before the commencement of those provisions* A reference in this section to the appointment of a 5ustice of the High Court or of a court created b/ the Parliament shall be read as including a reference to the appointment of a person who holds office as a 5ustice of the High Court or of a court created b/ the Parliament to another office of 5ustice of the same court having a different status or designation* ?A( The High Court shall have 4urisdiction+ with such exceptions and sub4ect to such regulations as the Parliament prescribes+ to hear and determine appeals from all 4udgments+ decrees+ orders+ and sentencesDD

$i(. $f an/ 5ustice or 5ustices exercising the original 4urisdiction of the High CourtH $ii(. $f an/ other federal court+ or court exercising federal 4urisdictionJ or of the Supreme Court of an/ State+ or of an/ other court of an/ State from which at the establishment of the Commonwealth an appeal lies to the Cueen in CouncilH $iii(. $f the "nterDState Commission+ but as to Buestions of law onl/H and the 4udgment of the High Court in all such cases shall be final and conclusive* -ut no exception or regulation prescribed b/ the Parliament shall prevent the High Court from hearing and determining an/ appeal from the Supreme Court of a State in an/ matter in which at the establishment of the Commonwealth an appeal lies from such Supreme Court to the Cueen in Council* &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ the conditions of and restrictions on appeals to the Cueen in Council from the Supreme Courts of the several States shall be applicable to appeals from them to the High Court* ?B( #o appeal shall be permitted to the Cueen in Council from a decision of the High Court upon an/ Buestion+ howsoever arising+ as to the limits inter se of the Constitutional powers of the Commonwealth and those of an/ State or States+ or as to the limits inter se of the Constitutional powers of an/ two or more States+ unless the High Court shall certif/ that the Cuestion is one which ought to be determined b/ Her 'a4est/ in Council* The High Court ma/ so certif/ if satisfied that for an/ special reason the certificate should be granted+ and thereupon an appeal shall lie to Her 'a4est/ in Council on the Buestion without further leave* xcept as provided in this section+ this Constitution shall not impair an/ right which the Cueen ma/ be pleased to exercise b/ virtue of Her !o/al prerogative to grant special leave of appeal from the High Court to Her 'a4est/ in Council* The Parliament ma/ make laws limiting the matters in which such leave ma/ be asked+ but proposed laws

containing an/ such limitation shall be reserved b/ the )overnorD)eneral for Her 'a4est/Ks pleasure* ?5( "n all mattersDD $i(. Arising under an/ treat/H $ii(. Affecting consuls or other representatives of other countriesH $iii(. "n which the Commonwealth+ or a person suing or being sued on behalf of the Commonwealth+ is a part/H $i;(. -etween States+ or between residents of different States+ or between a State and a resident of another StateH $;(. "n which a writ of 'andamus or prohibition or an in4unction is sought against an officer of the CommonwealthH the High Court shall have original 4urisdiction* ?0( The Parliament ma/ make laws conferring original 4urisdiction on the High Court in an/ matterDD $i(. Arising under this Constitution+ or involving its interpretationH $ii(. Arising under an/ laws made b/ the ParliamentH $iii(. $f Admiralt/ and maritime 4urisdictionH $i;(. !elating to the same sub4ectDmatter claimed under the laws of different States* ??( .ith respect to an/ of the matters mentioned in the last two sections the Parliament ma/ make lawsDD $i(. %efining the 4urisdiction of an/ federal court other than the High CourtH

$ii(. %efining the extent to which the 4urisdiction of an/ federal court shall be exclusive of that which belongs to or is invested in the courts of the StatesH $iii(. "nvesting an/ court of a State with federal 4urisdiction* ?9( The Parliament ma/ make laws conferring rights to proceed against the Commonwealth or a State in respect of matters within the limits of the 4udicial power* ?@( The federal 4urisdiction of an/ court ma/ be exercised b/ such number of 4udges as the Parliament prescribes* 98( The trial on indictment of an/ offence against an/ law of the Commonwealth shall be b/ 4ur/+ and ever/ such trial shall be held in the State where the offence was committed+ and if the offence was not committed within an/ State the trial shall be held at such place or places as the Parliament prescribes* C&ap"er IV( Fi*a*'e A*+ Tra+e( 94( All revenues or mone/s raised or received b/ the xecutive )overnment of the Commonwealth shall form one Consolidated !evenue Fund+ to be appropriated for the purposes of the Commonwealth in the manner and sub4ect to the charges and liabilities imposed b/ this Constitution* 9-( The costs+ charges+ and expenses incident to the collection+ management+ and receipt of the Consolidated !evenue Fund shall form the first charge thereonJ and the revenue of the Commonwealth shall in the first instance be applied to the pa/ment of the expenditure of the Commonwealth* 9A( #o mone/ shall be drawn from the Treasur/ of the Commonwealth except under appropriation made b/ law* -ut until the expiration of one month after the first meeting of the Parliament the )overnorD)eneral in Council ma/ draw from the Treasur/ and expend such mone/s as ma/ be necessar/ for the maintenance of an/ department transferred to the Commonwealth and for the holding of the first elections for the Parliament*

9B( .hen an/ department of the public service of a State becomes transferred to the Commonwealth+ all officers of the department shall become sub4ect to the control of the xecutive )overnment of the Commonwealth* An/ such officer who is not retained in the service of the Commonwealth shall+ unless he is appointed to some other office of eBual emolument in the public service of the State+ be entitled to receive from the State an/ pension+ gratuit/+ or other compensation+ pa/able under the law of the State on the abolition of his office* An/ such officer who is retained in the service of the Commonwealth shall preserve all his existing and accruing rights+ and shall be entitled to retire from office at the time+ and on the pension or retiring allowance+ which would be permitted b/ the law of the State if his service with the Commonwealth were a continuation of his service with the State* Such pension or retiring allowance shall be paid to him b/ the CommonwealthJ but the State shall pa/ to the Commonwealth a part thereof+ to be calculated on the proportion which his term of service with the State bears to his whole term of service+ and for the purpose of the calculation his salar/ shall be taken to be that paid to him b/ the State at the time of the transfer* An/ officer who is+ at the establishment of the Commonwealth+ in the public service of a State+ and who is+ b/ consent of the )overnor of the State with the advice of the xecutive Council thereof+ transferred to the public service of the Commonwealth+ shall have the same rights as if he had been an officer of a department transferred to the Commonwealth and were retained in the service of the Commonwealth* 95( .hen an/ departments of the public service of a State is transferred to the CommonwealthDD $i(. All propert/ of the State of an/ kind+ used exclusivel/ in connexion with the department+ shall become vested in the CommonwealthJ but+ in the case of the departments controlling customs and excise and bounties+ for such time onl/ as the )overnorD)eneral in Council ma/ declare to be necessar/H

$ii(. The Commonwealth ma/ acBuire an/ propert/ of the State+ of an/ kind used+ but not exclusivel/ used in connection with the departmentJ the value thereof shall+ if no agreement can be made+ be ascertained in+ as nearl/ as ma/ be+ the manner in which the value of land+ or of an interest in land+ taken b/ the State for public purposes is ascertained under the law of the State in force at the establishment of the CommonwealthH $iii(. The Commonwealth shall compensate the State for the value of an/ propert/ passing to the Commonwealth under this sectionJ if no agreement can be made as to the mode of compensation+ it shall be determined under laws to be made b/ the ParliamentH $i;(. The Commonwealth shall+ at the date of the transfer+ assume the current obligations of the State in respect of the department transferred* 90( $n the establishment of the Commonwealth+ the collection and control of duties of customs and of excise+ and the control of the pa/ment of bounties+ shall pass to the xecutive )overnment of the Commonwealth* 9?( %uring a period of ten /ears after the establishment of the Commonwealth and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides+ of the net revenue of the Commonwealth from duties of customs and of excise not more than oneDfourth shall be applied annuall/ b/ the Commonwealth towards its expenditure* The balance shall+ in accordance with this Constitution+ be paid to the several States+ or applied towards the pa/ment of interest on debts of the several States taken over b/ the Commonwealth* 99( &niform duties of customs shall be imposed within two /ears after the establishment of the Commonwealth* 9@( &ntil the imposition of uniform duties of customDD $i(. The Commonwealth shall credit to each State the revenues collected therein b/ the Commonwealth*

$ii(. The Commonwealth shall debit to each StateDD >a@ The expenditure therein of the Commonwealth incurred solel/ for the maintenance or continuance+ as at the time of transfer+ of an/ department transferred from the State to the CommonwealthJ >b@ The proportion of the State+ according to the number of its people+ in the other expenditure of the Commonwealth* $iii(. The Commonwealth shall pa/ to each State month b/ month the balance >if an/@ in favour of the State* @8( $n the imposition of uniform duties of customs the power of the Parliament to impose duties of customs and of excise+ and to grant bounties on the production or export of goods+ shall become exclusive* $n the imposition of uniform duties of customs all laws of the several States imposing duties of customs or of excise+ or offering bounties on the production or export of goods+ shall cease to have effect+ but an/ grant of or agreement for an/ such bount/ lawfull/ made b/ or under the authorit/ of the )overnment of an/ State shall be taken to be good if made before the thirtieth da/ of 5une+ $ne thousand eight hundred and ninet/ eight+ and not otherwise* @4( #othing in this Constitution prohibits a State from granting an/ aid to or bount/ on mining for gold+ silver+ or other metals+ nor from granting+ with the consent of both Houses of the Parliament of the Commonwealth expressed b/ resolution+ an/ aid to or bount/ on the production or export of goods* @-( $n the imposition of uniform duties of customs+ trade+ commerce+ and intercourse among the States+ whether b/ means of internal carriage or ocean navigation+ shall be absolutel/ free* -ut notwithstanding an/thing in this Constitution+ goods imported before the imposition of uniform duties of customs into an/ State+ or into an/ Colon/ which+ whilst the goods remain therein+ becomes a State+ shall+ on thence passing into another State within two

/ears after the imposition of such duties+ be liable to an/ dut/ chargeable on the importation of such goods into the Commonwealth+ less an/ dut/ paid in respect of the goods on their importation* @A( %uring the first five /ears after the imposition of uniform duties of customs+ and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise providesDD $i(. The duties of customs chargeable on goods imported into a State and afterwards passing into another State for consumption+ and the duties of excise paid on goods produced or manufactured in a State and afterwards passing into another State for consumption+ shall be taken to have been collected not in the former but in the latter StateH $ii(. Sub4ect to the last subsection+ the Commonwealth shall credit revenue+ debit expenditure+ and pa/ balances to the several States as prescribed for the period preceding the imposition of uniform duties of customs* @B( After five /ears from the imposition of uniform duties of customs+ the Parliament ma/ provide+ on such basis as it deems fair+ for the monthl/ pa/ment to the several States of all surplus revenue of the Commonwealth* @5( #otwithstanding an/thing in this Constitution+ the Parliament of the State of .estern Australia+ if that State be an $riginal State+ ma/+ during the first five /ears after the imposition of uniform duties of customs+ impose duties of customs on goods passing into that State and not originall/ imported from be/ond the limits of the CommonwealthJ and such duties shall be collected b/ the Commonwealth* -ut an/ dut/ so imposed on an/ goods shall not exceed during the first of such /ears the dut/ chargeable on the goods under the law of .estern Australia in force at the imposition of uniform duties+ and shall not exceed during the second+ third+ fourth+ and fifth of such /ears respectivel/+ fourDfifths+ threeDfifths+ twoDfifths+ and oneDfifth of such latter dut/+ and all duties imposed under this section shall cease at the expiration of the fifth /ear after the imposition of uniform duties*

"f at an/ time during the five /ears the dut/ on an/ goods under this section is higher than the dut/ imposed b/ the Commonwealth on the importation of the like goods+ then such higher dut/ shall be collected on the goods when imported into .estern Australia from be/ond the limits of the Commonwealth* @0( %uring a period of ten /ears after the establishment of the Commonwealth and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides+ the Parliament ma/ grant financial assistance to an/ State on such terms and conditions as the Parliament thinks fit* @?( &ntil the Parliament otherwise provides+ the laws in force in an/ Colon/ which has become or becomes a State with respect to the receipt of revenue and the expenditure of mone/ on account of the )overnment of the Colon/+ and the review and audit of such receipt and expenditure+ shall appl/ to the receipt of revenue and the expenditure of mone/ on account of the Commonwealth in the State in the same manner as if the Commonwealth+ or the )overnment or an officer of the Commonwealth were mentioned whenever the Colon/+ or the )overnment or an officer of the Colon/+ is mentioned* @9( The power of the Parliament to make laws with respect to trade and commerce extends to navigation and shipping+ and to railwa/s the propert/ of an/ State* @@( The Commonwealth shall not+ b/ an/ law or regulation of trade+ commerce+ or revenue+ give preference to one State or an/ part thereof over another State or an/ part thereof* 488( The Commonwealth shall not+ b/ an/ law or regulation of trade or commerce+ abridge the right of a State or of the residents therein to the reasonable use of the waters of rivers for conservation or irrigation* 484( There shall be an "nterDState Commission+ with such powers of ad4udication and administration as the Parliament deems necessar/ for the execution and maintenance+ within the Commonwealth+ of the provisions of this Constitution relating to trade and commerce+ and of all laws made thereunder* 48-( The Parliament ma/ b/ an/ law with respect to trade or commerce forbid+ as to railwa/s+ an/ preference or discrimination b/ an/ State+ or b/ an/ authorit/ constituted

under a State+ if such preference or discrimination is undue and unreasonable+ or un4ust to an/ StateJ due regard being had to the financial responsibilities incurred b/ an/ State in connection with the construction and maintenance of its railwa/s* -ut no preference or discrimination shall+ within the meaning of this section+ be taken to be undue and unreasonable+ or un4ust to an/ State+ unless so ad4udged b/ the "nterDState Commission* 48A( The members of the "nterDState CommissionDD $i(. Shall be appointed b/ the )overnorD)eneral in CouncilH $ii(. Shall hold office for seven /ears+ but ma/ be removed within that time b/ the )overnorD)eneral in Council+ on an address from both Houses of the Parliament in the same session pra/ing for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacit/H $iii(. Shall receive such remuneration as the Parliament ma/ fixJ but such remuneration shall not be diminished during their continuance in office* 48B( #othing in this Constitution shall render unlawful an/ rate for the carriage of goods upon a railwa/+ the propert/ of a State+ if the rate is deemed b/ the "nterDState Commission to be necessar/ for the development of the territor/ of the State+ and if the rate applies eBuall/ to goods within the State and to goods passing into the State from other States* 485( The Parliament ma/ take over from the States their public debts+ or a proportion thereof according to the respective numbers of their people as shown b/ the latest statistics of the Commonwealth+ and ma/ convert+ renew+ or consolidate such debts+ or an/ part thereofJ and the States shall indemnif/ the Commonwealth in respect of the debts taken over+ and thereafter the interest pa/able in respect of the debts shall be deducted and retained from the portions of the surplus revenue of the Commonwealth pa/able to the several States+ or if such surplus is insufficient+ or if there is no surplus+ then the deficienc/ or the whole amount shall be paid b/ the several States*

485A(-- $4(. The Commonwealth ma/ make agreements with the States with respect to the public debts of the States+ includingDD $a. the taking over of such debts b/ the CommonwealthJ $2@ the management of such debtsJ $'. the pa/ment of interest and the provision and management of sinking funds in respect of such debtsJ $+. the consolidation+ renewal+ conversion+ and redemption of such debtsJ $e. the indemnification of the Commonwealth b/ the States in respect of debts taken over b/ the CommonwealthJ and $ . the borrowing of mone/ b/ the States or b/ the Commonwealth+ or b/ the Commonwealth for the States* $-(. The Parliament ma/ make laws for validating an/ such agreement made before the commencement of this section* $A(. The Parliament ma/ make laws for the carr/ing out b/ the parties of an/ such agreement* $B(. An/ such agreement ma/ be varied or rescinded b/ the parties thereto* $5(. ver/ such agreement and an/ such variation thereof shall be binding upon the Commonwealth and the States parties thereto notwithstanding an/thing contained in this Constitution or the Constitution of the several States or in an/ law of the Parliament of the Commonwealth or of an/ State* $0(. The powers conferred b/ this section shall not be construed as being limited in an/ wa/ b/ the provision of section one hundred and five of this Constitution* C&ap"er V( T&e S"a"e!(

480( The Constitution of each State of the Commonwealth shall+ sub4ect to this Constitution+ continue as at the establishment of the Commonwealth+ or as at the admission or establishment of the State+ as the case ma/ be+ until altered in accordance with the Constitution of the State* 48?( ver/ power of the Parliament of a Colon/ which has become or becomes a State+ shall+ unless it is b/ this Constitution exclusivel/ vested in the Parliament of the Commonwealth or withdrawn from the Parliament of the State+ continue as at the establishment of the Commonwealth+ or as at the admission or establishment of the State+ as the case ma/ be* 489( ver/ law in force in a Colon/ which has become or becomes a State+ and relating to an/ matter within the powers of the Parliament of the Commonwealth+ shall+ sub4ect to this Constitution+ continue in force in the StateJ and+ until provision is made in that behalf b/ the Parliament of the Commonwealth+ the Parliament of the State shall have such powers of alteration and of repeal in respect of an/ such law as the Parliament of the Colon/ had until the Colon/ became a State* 48@( .hen a law of a State is inconsistent with a law of the Commonwealth+ the latter shall prevail+ and the former shall+ to the extent of the inconsistenc/+ be invalid* 448( The provisions of this Constitution relating to the )overnor of a State extend and appl/ to the )overnor for the time being of the State+ or other chief executive officer or administrator of the government of the State* 444( The Parliament of a State ma/ surrender an/ part of the State to the CommonwealthJ and upon such surrender+ and the acceptance thereof b/ the Commonwealth+ such part of the State shall become sub4ect to the exclusive 4urisdiction of the Commonwealth* 44-( After uniform duties of customs have been imposed+ a State ma/ lev/ on imports or exports+ or on goods passing into or out of the State such charges as ma/ be necessar/ for executing the inspection laws of the StateJ but the net produce of all

charges so levied shall be for the use of the CommonwealthJ and an/ such inspection laws ma/ be annulled b/ the Parliament of the Commonwealth* 44A( All fermented+ distilled+ or other intoxicating liBuids passing into an/ State or remaining therein for use+ consumption+ sale+ or storage+ shall be sub4ect to the laws of the State as if such liBuids had been produced in the State* 44B( A State shall not+ without the consent of the Parliament of the Commonwealth+ raise or maintain an/ naval or militar/ force+ or impose an/ tax on propert/ of an/ kind belonging to the Commonwealth+ nor shall the Commonwealth impose an/ tax on propert/ of an/ kind belonging to a State* 445( A State shall not coin mone/+ nor make an/thing but gold and silver coin a legal tender in pa/ment of debts* 440( The Commonwealth shall not make an/ law for establishing an/ religion+ or for imposing an/ religious observance+ or for prohibiting the free exercise of an/ religion+ and no religious test shall be reBuired as a Bualification for an/ office or public trust under the Commonwealth* 44?( A sub4ect of the Cueen+ resident in an/ State+ shall not be sub4ect in an/ other State to an/ disabilit/ or discrimination which would not be eBuall/ applicable to him if he were a sub4ect of the Cueen resident in such other State* 449( Full faith and credit shall be given+ throughout the Commonwealth to the laws+ the public Acts and records+ and the 4udicial proceedings of ever/ State* 44@( The Commonwealth shall protect ever/ State against invasion and+ on the application of the xecutive )overnment of the State+ against domestic violence* 4-8( ver/ State shall make provisions for the detention in its prisons of persons accused or convicted of offences against the laws of the Commonwealth+ and for the punishment of persons convicted of such offences+ and the Parliament of the Commonwealth ma/ make laws to give effects to this provision*

C&ap"er VI( Ne% S"a"e!( 4-4( The Parliament ma/ admit to the Commonwealth or establish new States+ and ma/ upon such admission or establishment make or impose such terms and conditions+ including the extent of representation in either House of the Parliament+ as it thinks fit* 4--( The Parliament ma/ make laws for the government of an/ territor/ surrendered b/ an/ State to and accepted b/ the Commonwealth+ or of an/ territor/ placed b/ the Cueen under the authorit/ of and accepted b/ the Commonwealth+ or otherwise acBuired b/ the Commonwealth+ and ma/ allow the representation of such territor/ in either House of the Parliament to the extent and on the terms which it thinks fit* 4-A( The Parliament of the Commonwealth ma/+ with the consent of the Parliament of a State+ and the approval of the ma4orit/ of the electors of the State voting upon the Buestion+ increase+ diminish+ or otherwise alter the limits of the State+ upon such terms and conditions as ma/ be agreed on+ and ma/+ with the like consent+ make provision respecting the effect and operation of an/ increase or diminution or alteration of territor/ in relation to an/ State affected* 4-B( A new State ma/ be formed b/ separation of territor/ from a State+ but onl/ with the consent of the Parliament thereof+ and a new State ma/ be formed b/ the union of two or more States or parts of States+ but onl/ with the consent of the Parliaments of the States affected* C&ap"er VII( Mi!'e##a*eou!( 4-5( The seat of )overnment of the Commonwealth shall be determined b/ the Parliament+ and shall be within territor/ which shall have been granted to or acBuired b/ the Commonwealth+ and shall be vested in and belong to the Commonwealth+ and shall be in the State of #ew South .ales+ and be distant not less than one hundred miles from S/dne/* Such territor/ shall contain an area of not less than one hundred sBuare miles+ and such portion thereof as shall consist of Crown lands shall be granted to the Commonwealth

without an/ pa/ment therefor* The Parliament shall sit at 'elbourne until it meet at the seat of )overnment* 4-0( The Cueen ma/ authorise the )overnorD)eneral to appoint an/ person+ or an/ persons 4ointl/ or severall/+ to be his deput/ or deputies within an/ part of the Commonwealth+ and in that capacit/ to exercise during the pleasure of the )overnorD )eneral such powers and functions of the )overnorD)eneral as he thinks fit to assign to such deput/ or deputies+ sub4ect to an/ limitations expressed or directions given b/ the CueenJ but the appointment of such deput/ or deputies shall not affect the exercise b/ the )overnorD)eneral himself of an/ power or function* 4-?( !epealed b/ #o* ;;+ 0A<=+ s* 3* C&ap"er VIII( A#"era"io* O T&e Co*!"i"u"io*( 4-9( This Constitution shall not be altered except in the following mannerHDD The proposed law for the alteration thereof must be passed b/ an absolute ma4orit/ of each House of the Parliament+ and not less than two nor more than six months after its passage through both Houses the proposed law shall be submitted in each State and Territor/ to the electors Bualified to vote for the election of members of the House of !epresentatives* -ut if either House passes an/ such proposed law b/ an absolute ma4orit/+ and the other House re4ects or fails to pass it+ or passes it with an/ amendment to which the firstDmentioned House will not agree+ and if after an interval of three months the firstD mentioned House in the same or the next session again passes the proposed law b/ an absolute ma4orit/ with or without an/ amendment which has been made or agreed to b/ the other House+ and such other House re4ects or fails to pass it or passes it with an/ amendment to which the firstDmentioned House will not agree+ the )overnorD)eneral ma/ submit the proposed law as last proposed b/ the firstDmentioned House+ and either with or without an/ amendments subseBuentl/ agreed to b/ both Houses+ to the electors in each State and Territor/ Bualified to vote for the election of the House of !epresentatives*

.hen a proposed law is submitted to the electors the vote shall be taken in such manner as the Parliament prescribes* -ut until the Bualification of electors of members of the House of !epresentatives becomes uniform throughout the Commonwealth+ onl/ oneDhalf the electors voting for and against the proposed law shall be counted in an/ State in which adult suffrage prevails* And if in a ma4orit/ of the States a ma4orit/ of the electors voting approve the proposed law+ and if a ma4orit/ of all the electors voting also approve the proposed law+ it shall be presented to the )overnorD)eneral for the CueenKs assent* #o alteration diminishing the proportionate representation of an/ State in either House of the Parliament+ or the minimum number of representatives of a State in the House of !epresentative+ or increasing+ diminishing+ or otherwise altering the limits of the State+ or in an/ manner affecting the provisions of the Constitution in relation thereto+ shall become law unless the ma4orit/ of the electors voting in that State approve the proposed law* "n this section+ ITerritor/I means an/ territor/ referred to in section one hundred and twent/Dtwo of this Constitution in respect of which there is in force a law allowing its representation in the House of !epresentatives* S'&e+u#e( OATH "+ A*-*+ do swear that " will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her 'a4est/ Cueen 2ictoria+ Her heirs and successors according to law* S$ H LP ' )$%e AFFIRMATION "+ A*-*+ do solemnl/ and sincerel/ affirm and declare that " will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her 'a4est/ Cueen 2ictoria+ Her heirs and successors according to law*

>#$T D The name of the 6ing or Cueen of the &nited 6ingdom of )reat -ritain and "reland for the time being is to be substituted from time to time*@ $Par#ia,e*" o Se*a"e( -889. (445

114

<Internet> Retrieved Apr 11, 2008 from http://www.aph.gov.a /&enate/general/'on&tit tion/indeF.htm

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS ORDER

"+ PH"L"P '"CHA L 5 FF !(+ )overnorD)eneral of the Commonwealth of Australia+ acting with the advice of the Federal xecutive Council+ revoke all administrative arrangements previousl/ ordered and order thatH 0* The matters dealt with b/ a %epartment of State includeH >a@ the matters referred to in the Part of the Schedule relating to that %epartmentJ and >b@ matters arising under the legislation administered b/ a 'inister of State administering the %epartment* 1* The legislation administered b/ a 'inister of State administering a %epartment isH >a@ the legislation referred to in the Part of the Schedule relating to that %epartmentJ and >b@ legislation passed before or after the date of this $rder+ that relates to a matter dealt with b/ the %epartment+ not being legislation referred to in another Part of the Schedule*

Signed and sealed with the )reat Seal of Australia on 1; 5anuar/ 199:

)overnorD)eneral

-/ His xcellenc/Ks Command Prime 'inister

SCHEDULE ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS PART 4 THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE: FISHERIES AND FORESTRY Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent Agricultural+ pastoral+ fishing+ food and forest industries Soils and other natural resources !ural ad4ustment and drought issues !ural industries inspection and Buarantine Primar/ industries research including economic research Commodit/ marketing+ including export promotion and agribusiness Commodit/Dspecific international organisations and activities Administration of international commodit/ agreements Administration of export controls on agricultural+ fisheries and forestr/ industries products Food polic/+ processing and exports 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister Agricultural and =eterinary .hemical ,roducts <.ollection of 1e%y) Act &445 Agricultural and =eterinary .hemical ,roducts 1e%y )mposition <.ustoms) Act &445 Agricultural and =eterinary .hemical ,roducts 1e%y )mposition <E>cise) Act &445 Agricultural and =eterinary .hemical ,roducts 1e%y )mposition <General) Act &445 Agricultural and =eterinary .hemicals Act &445 Agricultural and =eterinary .hemicals <.onse?uential Amendments) Act &445 Agricultural and =eterinary .hemicals <Administration) Act &44; Agricultural and =eterinary .hemicals .ode Act &445 Australian Animal @ealth .ouncil <1i%e*stock )ndustries) 6unding Act &44A

Australian Meat and 1i%e*stock )ndustry Act &44B Australian Meat and 1i%e*stock )ndustry <0epeals and .onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act &44B Australian Meat and 1i%e*stock 1egislation <.onse?uential Amendments and Transitional ,ro%isions) Act &4C7 Australian Meat and 1i%e*stock <Duotas) Act &44' Australian 3ine and Brandy .orporation Act &4C' Ballast 3ater 0esearch and -e%elopment 6unding 1e%y Act &44C Biological .ontrol Act &4C5 Brigalow 1ands Agreement Act &4A; .oarse Grains 1e%y <.onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act &44; -airy Ad9ustment Act &4B5 -airy Ad9ustment 1e%y <.ustoms) Act ;''' -airy Ad9ustment 1e%y <E>cise) Act ;''' -airy Ad9ustment 1e%y <General) Act ;''' -airy )ndustry Ad9ustment Act ;''' -airy )ndustry +er%ice 0eform Act ;''$ -airy )ndustry +tabiliEation 1e%y <Termination of 1e%y) Act &4CA -airy 1egislation <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act &4CA -airy ,roduce Act &4CA -omestic Meat ,remises .harge Act &44$ -ried =ine 6ruits <0ate of ,rimary )ndustry <.ustoms) .harge) =alidation Act ;''& -ried =ine 6ruits <0ate of ,rimary )ndustry <E>cise) 1e%y) =alidation Act ;''& Egg )ndustry +er%ice ,ro%ision Act ;''; Egg )ndustry +er%ice ,ro%ision <Transitional and .onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act ;''; E>port .ontrol Act &4C; E>port )nspection and Meat .harges .ollection Act &4C7 E>port )nspection <Establishment 0egistration .harges) Act &4C7 E>port )nspection <Duantity .harge) Act &4C7 E>port )nspection <+er%ice .harge) Act &4C7 6arm @ousehold +upport Act &44; 6isheries Administration Act &44&

6isheries Agreements <,ayments) Act &44& 6isheries 1egislation <.onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act &44& 6isheries 1e%y Act &4C5 6isheries Management Act &44& 6isheries <=alidation of ,lans of Management) Act ;''5 6ishing 1e%y Act &44& 6oreign 6ishing Boats 1e%y Act &4C& 6oreign 6ishing 1icences 1e%y Act &44& 6orestry and Timber Bureau Act &4$' 6orestry Marketing and 0esearch and -e%elopment +er%ices Act ;''B 6orestry Marketing and 0esearch and -e%elopment +er%ices <Transitional and .onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act ;''B @orticulture Marketing and 0esearch and -e%elopment +er%ices Act ;''' @orticulture Marketing and 0esearch and -e%elopment +er%ices <0epeals and .onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act ;''' )mported 6ood .ontrol Act &44; Meat E>port .harge Act &4C5 Meat E>port .harge .ollection Act &4C5 Meat )nspection Act &4C$ Meat )nspection Arrangements Act &4A5 National .attle -isease Eradication 0eser%e Act &44& National .attle -isease Eradication Trust Account Act &44& National 0esidue +ur%ey Administration Act &44; #ational !esidue Surve/ Lev/ Acts National 0esidue +ur%ey <.onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act &44; #ational !esidue Surve/ Levies !egulations >2alidation and Commencement of Amendments@ Act 0AAA Natural 0esources Management <6inancial Assistance) Act &44;( except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for the nvironment+ Heritage and the Arts #ew South .ales Flood !elief Act 0A=8 New +outh 3ales Grant <1eeton .o*operati%e .annery 1imited) Act &4B& Northern ,rawn 6ishery =oluntary Ad9ustment +cheme 1oan Guarantee Act &4C7

,ig )ndustry Act ;''& ,ig )ndustry <Transitional ,ro%isions) Act &4CA ,lant @ealth Australia <,lant )ndustries) 6unding Act ;''; ,rimary )ndustries and Energy 0esearch and -e%elopment Act &4C4 + except to the extent that it is administered b/ the 'inister for !esources and nerg/ or the 'inister for Tourism Pri,ar1 I*+u!"rie! Le;ie! a*+ C&arge! Co##e'"io* A'" 4@@4 ,rimary )ndustries 1e%ies and .harges .ollection <.onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act &44& Pri,ar1 I*+u!"rie! $Cu!"o,!. C&arge! A'" 4@@@ Pri,ar1 I*+u!"rie! $E/'i!e. Le;ie! A'" 4@@@ ,rimary )ndustries <E>cise) 1e%ies <G+T .onse?uential Amendments) Act ;''' ,rimary )ndustry .ouncils Act &44& Duarantine Act &4'C( in relation to animal+ plant and general Buarantine Duarantine <=alidation of 6ees) Act &4C7( in relation to animal+ plant and general Buarantine Dueensland 6lood 0elief Act &4B5 Dueensland Grant <,roserpine 6lood Mitigation) Act &4BA Dueensland Tobacco 1eaf Marketing Board Guarantee Act &47$ 0egional 6orest Agreements Act ;''; 0ural Ad9ustment Act &44; Softwood Forestr/ Agreements Acts States and #orthern Territor/ )rants >!ural Ad4ustment@ Acts +tates Grants <Beef )ndustry) Act &4B7 States )rants >!ural Ad4ustment@ Acts States )rants >!ural !econstruction@ Acts +tates Grants <3ar +er%ice 1and +ettlement) Act &47; +tatutory 6ishing 0ights .harge Act &44& Tasmanian #ative Forestr/ Agreement Acts Torres +trait 6isheries Act &4C5 8nited Nations 6ood and Agriculture FrganiEation Act &455

3estern Australia <Northern -e%elopment) Agreement Act &4A$ 3heat Marketing Act &4C4 3ool )nternational Act &44$ 3ool )nternational ,ri%atisation Act &444 3ool 1egislation <0epeals and .onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act &44$ 3ool +er%ices ,ri%atisation Act ;'''

PART -

THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent

Law and 4ustice including D Administrative law Alternative dispute resolution -ankruptc/ Censorship Constitutional law Cop/right Courts and tribunals Human rights "ndigenous law and 4ustice programs "nternational law Law reform Legal assistance Legislative drafting 'arriage and famil/ law #ative Title Legal services to the Commonwealth Criminal law and law enforcement Customs and border control other than Buarantine and inspection+ and immigration #ational securit/+ protective securit/ polic/ and coDordination Protective services at Commonwealth establishments and diplomatic and consular premises in Australia Commonwealth emergenc/ management #atural disaster relief and mitigation in the form of financial assistance to the States and Territories Administrative support for !o/al Commissions and certain other inBuiries #ritical in+rastr ct re protection co.ordination

Administration of the 5ervis -a/ Territor/+ the Territor/ of Cocos >6eeling@ "slands+ the Territor/ of Christmas "sland+ the Coral Sea "slands Territor/+ the Territor/ of Ashmore and Cartier "slands+ and of Commonwealth responsibilities on #orfolk "sland Constitutional development of the #orthern Territor/ Constitutional development of the Australian Capital Territor/ Planning and land management in the Australian Capital Territor/ 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister A.T +elf*Go%ernment <.onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act &4CC A...T. +upreme .ourt <Transfer) Act &44; Acts .itation Act &4BA Acts )nterpretation Act &4'& Administrati%e Appeals Tribunal Act &4B7 Administrati%e -ecisions <:udicial 0e%iew) Act &4BB Admiralty Act &4CC Age -iscrimination Act ;''5 Amendments )ncorporation Act &4'7 Anti*Money 1aundering and .ounter*Terrorism 6inancing Act ;''A Ashmore and .artier )slands Acceptance Act &4$$ Aus.heck Act ;''B Australia Act &4CA Australia <0e?uest and .onsent) Act &4C7 Australian .apital Territory <,lanning and 1and Management) Act &4CC( except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for Finance and %eregulation Australian .apital Territory <+elf*Go%ernment) Act &4CC Australian .rime .ommission Act ;''; Australian .rime .ommission Establishment Act ;''; Australian 6ederal ,olice Act &4B4 Australian 1aw 0eform .ommission Act &44A Australian +ecurity )ntelligence Frganisation Act &4B4 Bankruptcy Act &4AA

Bankruptcy <Estate .harges) Act &44B .anberra 3ater +upply <Googong -am) Act &4B5 .hristmas )sland Act &47C Christmas "sland Agreement Acts .ircuit 1ayouts Act &4C4 .lassification <,ublications( 6ilms and .omputer Games) Act &447 .ocos < eeling) )slands Act &477 .oastal 3aters <Northern Territory ,owers) Act &4C' .oastal 3aters <Northern Territory Title) Act &4C' .oastal 3aters <+tate ,owers) Act &4C' .oastal 3aters <+tate Title) Act &4C' .ommerce <Trade -escriptions) Act &4'7 .ommon )nformers <,arliamentary -is?ualifications) Act &4B7 .ommonwealth Motor =ehicles <1iability) Act &474 .ommonwealth ,laces <Application of 1aws) Act &4B' .omplaints <Australian 6ederal ,olice) Act &4C&( except to the extent administered b/ the Prime 'inister .opyright Act &4AC .oral +ea )slands Act &4A4 .orporations Act ;''&+ paragraph 030;>0@>c@ and section 030< Cri,e! A'" 4@4B .rimes at +ea Act ;''' .rimes <A%iation) Act &44& .rimes <Biological 3eapons) Act &4BA .rimes <.urrency) Act &4C& .rimes <6oreign )ncursions and 0ecruitment) Act &4BC .rimes <@ostages) Act &4C4 .rimes <)nternationally ,rotected ,ersons) Act &4BA .rimes <F%erseas) Act &4A5 .rimes <+hips and 6i>ed ,latforms) Act &44; .rimes <+uperannuation Benefits) Act &4C4 .rimes <Torture) Act &4CC

.rimes <Traffic in Narcotic -rugs and ,sychotropic +ubstances) Act &44' .riminal .ode Act &447 .riminology 0esearch Act &4B& .ustoms Act &4'& .ustoms Administration Act &4C7 .ustoms -epot 1icensing .harges Act &44B .ustoms +ecurities <,enalties) Act &4C& .ustoms Tariff Act &447 .ustoms Tariff <Anti*-umping) Act &4B7 .ustoms 8ndertakings <,enalties) Act &4C& .ustoms <Tariff .oncession +ystem =alidations) Act &444 -eath ,enalty Abolition Act &4B$ -efence 6orce -iscipline Appeals Act &477 -efence <=isiting 6orces) Act &4A$ -efence Act &4'$+ Part """AAA insofar as it relates to the powers or functions of the Attorne/D)eneral as an authorising minister -irector of ,ublic ,rosecutions Act &4C$ -isability -iscrimination Act &44; -omicile Act &4C; Electronic Transactions Act &444 En%ironment ,rotection <Northern Territory +upreme .ourt) Act &4BC Euthanasia 1aws Act &44B E%idence Act &447 E%idence and ,rocedure <New Gealand) Act &445 E>tradition Act &4CC 6amily .ourt of 3estern Australia <Frders of 0egistrars) Act &44B 6amily 1aw Act &4B7( except to the extent administered b/ the Prime 'inister 6ederal .ourt of Australia Act &4BA 6ederal Magistrates Act &444 6ederal ,roceedings <.osts) Act &4C& 6inancial Transaction 0eports Act &4CC

6oreign E%idence Act &445 6oreign :udgments Act &44& 6oreign ,roceedings <E>cess of :urisdiction) Act &4C5 6oreign +tates )mmunities Act &4C7 6reedom of )nformation Act &4C;+ section << Gene%a .on%entions Act &47B( other than Part "2 Genocide .on%ention Act &454 @igh .ourt :ustices <1ong 1ea%e ,ayments) Act &4B4 @igh .ourt of Australia Act &4B4 @uman 0ights and E?ual Fpportunity .ommission Act &4CA @uman 0ights and E?ual Fpportunity .ommission <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act &4CA @uman 0ights <+e>ual .onduct) Act &445 )mport ,rocessing .harges Act ;''& )mport ,rocessing .harges <Amendment and 0epeal) Act ;''; )ntelligence +er%ices Act ;''&+ insofar as it relates to the Australian Securit/ "ntelligence $rganisation )nternational Arbitration Act &4B5 )nternational .riminal .ourt Act ;''; )nternational Transfer of ,risoners Act &44B )nternational 3ar .rimes Tribunals Act &447 :er%is Bay Territory Acceptance Act &4&7 :udges <1ong 1ea%e ,ayments) Act &4B4 :udges2 ,ensions Act &4AC :udicial Appointment <3estern +amoa) Act &4C' :udiciary Act &4'$ :udiciary <-iplomatic 0epresentation) Act &4BB :urisdiction of .ourts <.ross*%esting) Act &4CB :ury E>emption Act &4A7 1aw .ourts <+ydney) Act &4BB 1aw Enforcement )ntegrity .ommissioner Act ;''A 1aw Enforcement )ntegrity .ommissioner <.onse?uential Amendments) Act ;''A

1aw Enforcement <A6, ,rofessional +tandards and 0elated Matters) Act ;''A 1aw Ffficers Act &4A5 1egislati%e )nstruments Act ;''$ Maintenance Frders <.ommonwealth Ffficers) Act &4AA Marine )nsurance Act &4'4 Marriage Act &4A&( except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for Families+ Housing+ Communit/ Services and "ndigenous Affairs Mutual Assistance in .riminal Matters Act &4CB Narcotic -rugs Act &4AB( sections 01 and 11 and subsection 18>1@+ and so much of the remaining provisions of that Act >other than sections A+ 09+ 00+ 03+ 0A and 13 and subsection 18>0@@ as relate to powers and functions under those sections National .rime Authority <+tatus and 0ights of 6ormer .hairman) Act &4C5 #ational Firearms Program "mplementation Acts National @andgun Buyback Act ;''$ National +ecurity )nformation <.riminal ,roceedings) Act ;''5 Nati%e Title Act &44$+ except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for Families+ Housing+ Communit/ Services and "ndigenous Affairs Nauru <@igh .ourt Appeals) Act &4BA Norfolk )sland Act &4B4 Northern Territory Acceptance Act &4&' Northern Territory <+elf*Go%ernment) Act &4BC( except sections <A and =9 $rdinances and !egulations >#otification@ Acts ,arliament Act &4B5 ,arliamentary .ounsel Act &4B' ,arliamentary ,apers Act &4'C ,arliamentary ,ri%ileges Act &4CB ,assenger Mo%ement .harge Act &4BC ,assenger Mo%ement .harge .ollection Act &4BC ,ri%acy Act &4CC+ section <3 Priv/ .ouncil <Appeals from the @igh .ourt) Act &4B7 ,ri%y .ouncil <1imitation of Appeals) Act &4AC ,roceeds of .rime Act &4CB

,roceeds of .rime Act ;''; ,roceeds of .rime <.onse?uential Amendments and Transitional ,ro%isions) Act ;''; ,sychotropic +ubstances Act &4BA ,ublic Frder <,rotection of ,ersons and ,roperty) Act &4B& 0acial -iscrimination Act &4B7 0emo%al of ,risoners <Territories) Act &4;$( insofar as it relates to the #orthern Territor/+ to #orfolk "sland+ the Territor/ of Cocos >6eeling@ "slands+ the Territor/ of Christmas "sland+ the Coral Sea "slands Territor/+ and the Territor/ of Ashmore and Cartier "slands 0oyal .ommission into the New +outh 3ales ,olice +er%ice <Access to )nformation) Act &445 +eas and +ubmerged 1ands Act &4B$ Seat of )overnment Acceptance Acts +eat of Go%ernment Act &4'C +eat of Go%ernment <Administration) Act &4&' +er%ice and E>ecution of ,rocess Act &44; +e> -iscrimination Act &4C5 +pecial ,rosecutors Act &4C; +tatute of 3estminster Adoption Act &45; +tatute +tocktake Act &444 +tatutory -eclarations Act &474 +ur%eillance -e%ices Act ;''5 Telecommunications <)nterception and Access) Act &4B4 Territories 1aw 0eform Act &44; Transfer of ,risoners Act &4C$ Trusts <@ague .on%ention) Act &44& 3ar .rimes Act &457 3itness ,rotection Act &445 3orkplace 0elations Act &44A( sections 318D31: inclusive of Schedule 0 in respect of powers under those sectionsJ and Part 19 except for sections :8:+ :8A and :;<

PA!T 3 TH % PA!T' #T $F -!$A%-A#%+ C$''&#"CAT"$#S A#% TH %")"TAL C$#$'(

Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent -roadband polic/ and programs Postal and telecommunications policies and programs Spectrum polic/ management -roadcasting polic/ #ational polic/ issues relating to the digital econom/ Content polic/ relating to the information econom/

Legi!#a"io* a+,i*i!"ere+ 21 "&e Mi*i!"er

A8++AT 0epeal Act &44& Australian Broadcasting .orporation Act &4C$ Australian Broadcasting .orporation <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act &4C$ Australian .ommunications and Media Authority Act ;''7 Australian .ommunications and Media Authority <.onse?uential and Transitional ,ro%isions) Act ;''7 Australian ,ostal .orporation Act &4C4 Broadcastin; Ser2ices Act 199< Broadcasting +er%ices <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act &44; -atacasting .harge <)mposition) Act &44C -atacasting Transmitter 1icence 6ees Act ;''A -o Not .all 0egister Act ;''A )nteracti%e Gambling Act ;''& National Transmission Network +ale Act &44C N0+ 1e%y )mposition Act &44C

,arliamentary ,roceedings Broadcasting Act &45A ,ostal and Telecommunications .ommissions <Transitional ,ro%isions) Act &4B7 0adiocommunications Act &44; 0adiocommunications <0ecei%er 1icence Ta>) Act &4C$ 0adiocommunications <+pectrum 1icence Ta>) Act &44B 0adiocommunications Ta>es .ollection Act &4C$ 0adiocommunications <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act &44; 0adiocommunications <Transmitter 1icence Ta>) Act &4C$ 0adio 1icence 6ees Act &4A5 +pam Act ;''$ +pecial Broadcasting +er%ice Act &44& Telecommunications Act &44B Telecommunications and ,ostal +er%ices <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act &4C4 Telecommunications <.arrier 1icence .harges) Act &44B Telecommunications <.onsumer ,rotection and +er%ice +tandards) Act &444 Telecommunications <Numbering .harges) Act &44B Telecommunications <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act &44& Telecommunications <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act &44B Telecommunications <8ni%ersal +er%ice 1e%y) Act &44B Tele%ision 1icence 6ees Act &4A5 Telstra .orporation Act &44& Telstra <Transition to 6ull ,ri%ate Fwnership) Act ;''7 Trade ,ractices Act &4B5+ Parts 7"- and 7"C Year -888 I* or,a"io* Di!'#o!ure A'" 4@@@

PART B

THE DEPARTMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

$Par" o "&e Pri,e Mi*i!"er a*+ Ca2i*e" Por" o#io. Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent %evelopment and coDordination of domestic and international climate change polic/ "nternational climate change negotiations %esign and implementation of emissions trading 'andator/ renewable energ/ target polic/+ regulation and coDordination )reenhouse emissions and energ/ consumption reporting Climate change adaptation strateg/ and coDordination CoDordination of climate change science activities 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister National Greenhouse and Energy 0eporting Act ;''B 0enewable Energy <Electricity) Act ;''' 0enewable Energy <Electricity) <.harge) Act ;'''

PART 5

THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE

Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent %efence+ including D international defence relations and defence coDoperation defence scientific research and development defence procurement and purchasing+ including offsets for defence purposes defence industr/ development and coDoperation 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister Air 6orce Act &4;$ Appro%ed -efence ,ro9ects ,rotection Act &45B .ockatoo and +chnapper )slands Act &454 .ommonwealth and +tate @ousing Agreement <+er%ice ,ersonnel) Act &44' .ontrol of Na%al 3aters Act &4&C -efence Act &4'$( except to the extent administered b/ the Prime 'inister and the Attorne/D)eneral and other than sections ;:F to ;:C+ <0+ <0A+ <0-+ <0C+ 00:A and 00:- and paragraph 018>0@>Bba@ -efence 6orce -iscipline Act &4C; -efence 6orce <@ome 1oans Assistance) Act &44' -efence 6orce 0etirement and -eath Benefits Act &4B$ %efence Force !etirement and %eath -enefits >Pension "ncreases@ Acts De e*'e For'e! Re"ire,e*" =e*e i"! A'" 4@B9 %efence Forces !etirement -enefits >Pension "ncreases@ Acts -efence 6orces +pecial 0etirement Benefits Act &4A' -efence @ousing Australia Act &4CB -efence 0eser%e +er%ice <,rotection) Act ;''& -efence <,arliamentary .andidates) Act &4A4 -efence <0oad Transport 1egislation E>emption) Act ;''A -efence <+pecial 8ndertakings) Act &47;

E>plosi%es Act &4A& Gene%a .on%entions Act &47B( Part "2 )ntelligence +er%ices Act ;''&+ insofar as it relates to that part of the %epartment of %efence known as the %efence "ntelligence and )eospatial $rganisation+ the %efence "ntelligence $rganisation and the %efence Signals %irectorate Military 0ehabilitation and .ompensation Act ;''5 + Chapter 3+ in relation to rehabilitation of serving members of the Australian %efence ForceJ and Chapter <+ in relation to treatment for in4uries and diseases of serving members of the Australian %efence Force Military +uperannuation and Benefits Act &44& Na%al -efence Act &4&' 0oyal Australian Air 6orce =eteransH 0esidences Act &47$ +er%ices Trust 6unds Act &45B 3ar Gratuity Act &457 3ar +er%ice Estates Act &45; 3eapons of Mass -estruction <,re%ention of ,roliferation) Act &447 3illiamstown -ockyard Employees Act &4CB

PART 0

THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION: EMPLOYMENT AND WOR<PLACE RELATIONS Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent

ducation polic/ and programs including schools+ vocational+ higher education and "ndigenous education+ but excluding migrant adult education ducation and training transitions polic/ and programs Science awareness programs in schools Training+ including apprenticeships and training services Polic/+ coDordination and support for education exports and services "ncome support policies and programs for students and apprentices mplo/ment polic/+ including emplo/ment services 5ob #etwork Labour market and income support policies and programs for people of working age .orkplace relations polic/ development+ advocac/ and implementation Promotion of flexible workplace relations policies and practices CoDordination of labour market research Australian government emplo/ment workplace relations polic/+ including administration of the framework for agreement making and remuneration and conditions $ccupational health and safet/+ rehabilitation and compensation Bual emplo/ment opportunit/ .ork and famil/ programs Services to help people with disabilities obtain emplo/ment+ other than supported emplo/ment (outh affairs and programs arl/ childhood and childcare polic/ and programs 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister A New Ta> +ystem <6amily Assistance) Act &444+ insofar as it relates to child care benefit+ child care tax rebate+ child care services and registered carers

A New Ta> +ystem <6amily Assistance) <Administration) Act &444 + insofar as it relates to child care benefit+ child care tax rebate+ child care services and registered carers A New Ta> +ystem <6amily Assistance and 0elated Measures) Act ;''' + insofar as it relates to child care benefit+ child care tax rebate+ child care services and registered carers Air ,assenger Ticket 1e%y <.ollection) Act ;''& + except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for "nfrastructure+ Transport+ !egional %evelopment and Local )overnment A,E. ,ublic @oliday Act ;''B Asbestos*0elated .laims <Management of .ommonwealth 1iabilities) Act ;''7 Asbestos*0elated .laims <Management of .ommonwealth 1iabilities) <.onse?uential and Transitional ,ro%isions) Act ;''7 Australian National 8ni%ersity Act &44& Australian Technical .olleges <6le>ibility in Achie%ing Australia2s +kills Needs) Act ;''7 Australian 3orkplace +afety +tandards Act ;''7 Builders 1abourersH 6ederation <.ancellation of 0egistration) Act &4CA Builders 1abourersH 6ederation <.ancellation of 0egistration * .onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act &4CA =ui#+i*g a*+ Co*!"ru'"io* I*+u!"r1 I,pro;e,e*" A'" -885 =ui#+i*g a*+ Co*!"ru'"io* I*+u!"r1 I,pro;e,e*" $Co*!eIue*"ia# a*+ Tra*!i"io*a#. A'" -885 =ui#+i*g I*+u!"r1 A'" 4@95 .hild .are Act &4B; .hild +upport 1egislation Amendment <0eform of the .hild +upport +cheme I New 6ormula and Fther Measures) Act ;''A+ insofar as it relates to child care benefit+ child care tax rebate+ child care services and registered carers .oal Mining )ndustry <1ong +er%ice 1ea%e 6unding) Act &44; .oal Mining )ndustry <1ong +er%ice 1ea%e) ,ayroll 1e%y .ollection Act &44; .oal Mining )ndustry <1ong +er%ice 1ea%e) ,ayroll 1e%y Act &44; .onstruction )ndustry 0eform and -e%elopment Act &44; -efence Act &4'$( sections ;:F to ;:C+ <0+ <0A+ <0-+ <0C+ 00:A and 00:-

-isability +er%ices Act &4CA+ insofar as it relates to open emplo/ment and related services and Part """ Education +er%ices for F%erseas +tudents Act ;''' Education +er%ices for F%erseas +tudents <Assurance 6und .ontributions) Act ;''' Education +er%ices for F%erseas +tudents <.onse?uential and Transitional) Act ;''' Education +er%ices for F%erseas +tudents <0egistration .harges) Act &44B Employment and 3orkplace 0elations 1egislation Amendment <3elfare to 3ork and Fther Measures) Act ;''7( insofar as it relates to legislation administered b/ the 'inister for ducation+ the 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations or the 'inister for Social "nclusion Employment and 3orkplace 0elations 1egislation Amendment <3elfare to 3ork and Fther Measures) <.onse?uential Amendments) Act ;''7( insofar as it relates to legislation administered b/ the 'inister for ducation+ the 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations or the 'inister for Social "nclusion E?ual Employment Fpportunity <.ommonwealth Authorities) Act &4CB 6amily Assistance 1egislation Amendment <.hild .are Management +ystem and Fther Measures) Act ;''B @igher Education Endowment 6und Act ;''B + except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for "nnovation+ "ndustr/+ Science and !esearch @igher Education Endowment 6und Act ;''B <.onse?uential Amendments) Act ;''B @igher Education 6unding Act &4CC+ except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for "nnovation+ "ndustr/+ Science and !esearch Hig&er E+u'a"io* Suppor" A'" -88A @igher Education +upport <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act ;''$ )ndependent +chools <1oans Guarantee) Act &4A4 )ndigenous Education <Targeted Assistance) Act ;''' )nternational 1abour Frganisation <.ompliance with .on%entions) Act &44; International 'abo r 4r;anisation Acts :udicial and +tatutory Ffficers <0emuneration and Allowances) Act &4C5 1ong +er%ice 1ea%e <.ommonwealth Employees) Act &4BA

Maternity 1ea%e <.ommonwealth Employees) Act &4B$ Mutual 0ecognition Act &44;( Part 3 National 3orkplace 0elations .onsultati%e .ouncil Act ;''; Non*go%ernment +chools <1oans Guarantee) Act &4BB Fccupational @ealth and +afety Act &44& Fccupational @ealth and +afety <Maritime )ndustry) Act &44$ 0emuneration and Allowances Act &44' 0emuneration and Allowances Alteration Act &4CA 0emuneration Tribunal Act &4B$ +afety( 0ehabilitation and .ompensation Act &4CC + except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for 2eteransF Affairs +chools Assistance <1earning Together I Achie%ement Through .hoice and Fpportunity) Act ;''5 +eafarers 0ehabilitation and .ompensation Act &44; +eafarers 0ehabilitation and .ompensation 1e%y Act &44; +eafarers 0ehabilitation and .ompensation 1e%y .ollection Act &44; +eafarers 0ehabilitation and .ompensation <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act &44; +killing Australia2s 3orkforce Act ;''7 +killing Australia2s 3orkforce <0epeal and Transitional ,ro%isions) Act ;''7 +ocial +ecurity Act &44&+ insofar as it relates to Austud/+ 'ature Age Allowance+ #ewstart Allowance+ Sickness Allowance+ 'obilit/ Allowance+ Parenting Pa/ment+ .idow Allowance+ Partner Allowance and (outh Allowance and an/ other pa/ment+ allowance or supplement insofar as that pa/ment+ allowance or supplement relates to persons receiving Austud/+ 'ature Age Allowance+ #ewstart Allowance+ Sickness Allowance+ 'obilit/ Allowance+ Parenting Pa/ment+ .idow Allowance or Partner Allowance and (outh Allowance +ocial +ecurity <Administration) Act &444+ insofar as it relates to Austud/+ 'ature Age Allowance+ #ewstart Allowance+ Sickness Allowance+ 'obilit/ Allowance+ Parenting Pa/ment+ .idow Allowance+ Partner Allowance and (outh Allowance and an/ other pa/ment+ allowance or supplement insofar as that pa/ment+ allowance or supplement relates to persons receiving Austud/+ 'ature Age Allowance+ #ewstart Allowance+

Sickness Allowance+ 'obilit/ Allowance+ Parenting Pa/ment+ .idow Allowance or Partner Allowance and (outh Allowance +tates Grants <,rimary and +econdary Education Assistance) Act ;''' +tudent Assistance Act &4B$ TradesmenHs 0ights 0egulation Act &45A Trans*Tasman Mutual 0ecognition Act &44B+ in relation to occupational provisions &nited States #aval Communication Station >Civilian mplo/ees@ Acts 3orkplace 0elations Act &44A+ except to the extent administered b/ the Attorne/D)eneral 3orkplace 0elations Amendment <3ork .hoices) Act ;''7 3orkplace 0elations and Fther 1egislation Amendment Act &44A .orkplace !elations Legislation Amendment >!egistration and Accountabilit/ of $rganisations@ >ConseBuential Provisions@ Act 1991

PART ?

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT: WATER: HERITAGE AND THE ARTS Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent

nvironment protection and conservation of biodiversit/ Air Bualit/ #ational fuel Bualit/ standards Land contamination 'eteorolog/ Administration of the Australian Antarctic Territor/+ and the Territor/ of Heard "sland and 'c%onald "slands #atural+ built and movable cultural heritage nvironmental research .ater polic/ and resources Cultural affairs+ including support for the arts "onospheric prediction !enewable energ/ programs nerg/ efficienc/ )reenhouse gas abatement programs Communit/ and household climate action 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister Aboriginal and Torres +trait )slander @eritage ,rotection Act &4C5 Antarctic Marine 1i%ing 0esources .onser%ation Act &4C& Antarctic Treaty Act &4A' Antarctic Treaty <En%ironment ,rotection) Act &4C' Australia .ouncil Act &4B7 Australian Antarctic Territory Acceptance Act &4$$ Australian Antarctic Territory Act &475 Australian 6ilm .ommission Act &4B7

Australian 6ilm( Tele%ision and 0adio +chool Act &4B$ Australian @eritage .ouncil Act ;''$ Australian National Maritime Museum Act &44' .aptains 6lat <Abatement of ,ollution) Agreement Act &4B7 .howilla 0eser%oir Agreement Act &4A$ -artmouth 0eser%oir Agreement Act &4B' En%ironment ,rotection and Biodi%ersity .onser%ation Act &444 En%ironment ,rotection <Alligator 0i%ers 0egion) Act &4BC En%ironment ,rotection <+ea -umping) Act &4C& 6ilm 1icensed )n%estment .ompany Act ;''7 6ilm 1icensed )n%estment .ompany <.onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act ;''7 6uel Duality +tandards Act ;''' Great Barrier 0eef Marine ,ark Act &4B7 Great Barrier 0eef Marine ,ark <En%ironmental Management .harge * E>cise) Act &44$ Great Barrier 0eef Marine ,ark <En%ironmental Management .harge * General) Act &44$ @aEardous 3aste <0egulation of E>ports and )mports) Act &4C4 @eard )sland and Mc-onald )slands Act &47$ @indmarsh )sland Bridge Act &44B @istoric +hipwrecks Act &4BA oongarra ,ro9ect Area Act &4C& 1ake Eyre Basin )ntergo%ernmental Agreement Act ;''& Meteorology Act &477 Morgan*3hyalla 3aterworks Agreement Act &45' Murray*-arling Basin Act &44$ National En%ironment ,rotection .ouncil Act &445 National En%ironment ,rotection Measures <)mplementation) Act &44C National Gallery Act &4B7 National 1ibrary Act &4A' National Museum of Australia Act &4C' National 3ater .ommission Act ;''5

Natural @eritage Trust of Australia Act &44B Natural 0esources Management <6inancial Assistance) Act &44;( section 1;>0@ FEone ,rotection and +ynthetic Greenhouse Gas Management Act &4C4 FEone ,rotection and +ynthetic Greenhouse Gas <1icence 6ees * )mports) Act &447 FEone ,rotection and +ynthetic Greenhouse Gas <1icence 6ees * Manufacture) Act &447 ,roduct +tewardship <Fil) Act ;''' ,rotection of Mo%able .ultural @eritage Act &4CA ,ublic 1ending 0ight Act &4C7 0emo%al of ,risoners <Territories) Act &4;$( insofar as it relates to the Territor/ of Heard "sland and 'c%onald "slands and the Australian Antarctic Territor/ +ea )nstallations Act &4CB +ea )nstallations 1e%y Act &4CB Sewerage Agreements Acts +tates Grants <3ater 0esources Measurement) Act &4B' +ydney @arbour 6ederation Trust Act ;''& 3ater Act ;''B 3ater Efficiency 1abelling and +tandards Act ;''7 .estern Australia Agreement >$rd !iver "rrigation@ Acts 3estern Australia <+outh*3est 0egion 3ater +upplies) Agreement Act &4A7 3et Tropics of Dueensland 3orld @eritage Area .onser%ation Act &445

PART 9

THE DEPARTMENT OF FAMILIES: HOUSING: COMMUNITY SERVICES AND INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent

"ncome securit/ policies and programs for families with children+ carers+ the aged and people in hardship Services for families with children+ people with disabilities and carers Communit/ support services+ excluding the Home and Communit/ Care program Famil/ relationship services Housing polic/ coDordination+ welfare housing and rent assistance .omenFs policies and programs "ndigenous polic/ coDordination and the promotion of reconciliation Communit/ development emplo/ment pro4ects Child support polic/ 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister A New Ta> +ystem <6amily Assistance) Act &444+ except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for ducation+ the 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations or the 'inister for Social "nclusion A New Ta> +ystem <6amily Assistance) <Administration) Act &444 + except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for ducation+ the 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations or the 'inister for Social "nclusion A New Ta> +ystem <6amily Assistance and 0elated Measures) Act ;''' + except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for ducation+ the 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations or the 'inister for Social "nclusion A New Ta> +ystem <Bonuses for Flder Australians) Act &444 + Parts 0 and ; insofar as the/ relate to Families+ Housing+ Communit/ Services and "ndigenous Affairs customers and Part 1 Aboriginal Affairs <Arrangements with the +tates) Act &4B$

Aboriginal and Torres +trait )slander Act ;''7 + except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for Finance and %eregulation Aboriginal and Torres +trait )slanders <Dueensland -iscriminatory 1aws) Act &4B7 Aboriginal and Torres +trait )slanders <Dueensland 0eser%es and .ommunities +elf*management) Act &4BC Aboriginal 1and Grant <:er%is Bay Territory) Act &4CA Aboriginal 1and <1ake .ondah and 6ramlingham 6orest) Act &4CB Aboriginal 1and 0ights <Northern Territory) Act &4BA Aboriginal 1and 0ights <Northern Territory) Amendment Act ;''A .hild +upport <Assessment) Act &4C4+ except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for Human Services .hild +upport 1egislation Amendment <0eform of the .hild +upport +cheme I )nitial Measures) Act ;''A( except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for Human Services .hild +upport 1egislation Amendment <0eform of the .hild +upport +cheme I New 6ormula and Fther Measures) Act ;''A( except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for Human Services+ the 'inister for ducation+ the 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations or the 'inister for Social "nclusion .hild +upport <0egistration and .ollection) Act &4CC + except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for Human Services .ommonwealth and +tate @ousing Agreement Act &457 .orporations <Aboriginal and Torres +trait )slander) Act ;''A .orporations <Aboriginal and Torres +trait )slander) .onse?uential( Transitional and Fther Measures Act ;''A -ata*matching ,rogram <Assistance and Ta>) Act &44' -isability +er%ices Act &4CA+ except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for ducation+ the 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations or the 'inister for Social "nclusion Employment and 3orkplace 0elations 1egislation Amendment <3elfare to 3ork and Fther Measures) Act ;''7( insofar as it relates to legislation administered b/ the 'inister for Families+ Housing+ Communit/ Services and "ndigenous Affairs

Employment and 3orkplace 0elations 1egislation Amendment <3elfare to 3ork and Fther Measures) <.onse?uential Amendments) Act ;''7( insofar as it relates to legislation administered b/ the 'inister for Families+ Housing+ Communit/ Services and "ndigenous Affairs E?ual Fpportunity for 3omen in the 3orkplace Act &444 6amilies( .ommunity +er%ices and )ndigenous Affairs and Fther 1egislation <;''A Budget and Fther Measures) Act ;''A+ except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for 2eteransF Affairs 6amilies( .ommunity +er%ices and )ndigenous Affairs and =eterans2 Affairs 1egislation Amendment <;''A Budget Measures) Act ;''A + except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for 2eteransF Affairs 6amily Assistance 1egislation Amendment <More @elp for 6amilies I Fne*off ,ayments) Act ;''5 Housing Agreements Acts Housing Assistance Acts Marriage Act &4A&( Part "A Nati%e Title Act &44$( %ivision < of Part 1 and Part 00 Northern Territory National Emergency 0esponse Act ;''B +ocial +ecurity Act &44&+ except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for ducation+ the 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations or the 'inister for Social "nclusion +ocial +ecurity <Administration) Act &444+ except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for ducation+ the 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations or the 'inister for Social "nclusion +ocial +ecurity 1egislation Amendment <Fne*off ,ayments for .arers) Act ;''7 +ocial +ecurity <)nternational Agreements) Act &444 +ocial +ecurity and =eterans2 Entitlements 1egislation Amendment <Fne*off ,ayments to )ncrease Assistance for Flder Australians and .arers and Fther Measures) Act ;''A+ except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for 2eteransF Affairs +ocial +ecurity and =eterans2 Affairs 1egislation Amendment <Fne*off ,ayments and Fther ;''B Budget Measures) Act ;''B+ except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for 2eteransF Affairs

+ocial +ecurity <0ewrite) Transition Act &44& +ocial 3elfare .ommission <0epeal) Act &4BA Supported Accommodation Assistance Act 0AA8 Tax Laws Amendment >Simplified Superannuation@ Act 199=+ item ;' of +chedule C insofar as it relates to legislation administered by the Minister for 6amilies( @ousing( .ommunity +er%ices and )ndigenous Affairs

PA!T A TH % PA!T' #T $F F"#A#C A#% % ! )&LAT"$#

Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent -udget polic/ advice and process+ and review of governmental programs )overnment financial accountabilit/+ governance and financial management frameworks+ including procurement polic/ and services Shareholder advice on )overnment -usiness nterprises and commercial entities treated as )- s !educing the burden of government regulation )eneral polic/ guidelines for Commonwealth statutor/ authorities Superannuation related to former and current members of parliament and Australian )overnment emplo/ees Asset sales Strategic management of nonD%efence CommonwealthDowned propert/ in Australia+ including construction+ ma4or refurbishment+ acBuisition+ ownership and disposal of real propert/ lectoral matters Administration of ParliamentariansF entitlements Administration of the Australian )overnmentFs selfDmanaged general insurance fund >Comcover@ )overnment onDline deliver/ and information technolog/ and communications management valuation and audit of "ndigenous programs and operations Advice on the Future Fund 'anagement of government records Central advertising s/stem 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister Aboriginal and Torres +trait )slander Act ;''7 + Part 8Aerospace Technologies of Australia 1imited +ale Act &445

A)-. +ale Act &44B Airports <Transitional) Act &44A Albury*3odonga -e%elopment Act &4B$ Annual Appropriation Acts Appropriation <+upplementary Measures) Act <No. &) &444 Appropriation <+upplementary Measures) Act <No. ; ) &444 Archi%es Act &4C$ Audit <Transitional and Miscellaneous) Amendment Act &44B Australian .apital Territory <,lanning and 1and Management) Act &4CC( section 1= insofar as it relates to the declaration of land in the Australian Capital Territor/ to be #ational Land where the land is reBuired for Commonwealth purposes other than for the special purposes of Canberra as the #ational Capital Australian )ndustry -e%elopment .orporation Act &4B' .6M +ale Act &44A .ommonwealth Authorities and .ompanies Act &44B .ommonwealth Electoral Act &4&C .ommonwealth Electoral 1egislation <,ro%ision of )nformation) Act ;''' .ommonwealth 6unds Management 1imited Act &44' .ommonwealth =ehicles <0egistration and E>emption from Ta>ation) Act &44B .+1 +ale Act &44$ 6inancial Management and Accountability Act &44B 6uture 6und Act ;''A 1ands Ac?uisition Act &4C4 1ands Ac?uisition <-efence) Act &4AC 1ands Ac?uisition <Northern Territory ,astoral 1eases) Act &4C& 1ands Ac?uisition <0epeal and .onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act &4C4 Loan >.ar Service Land Settlement@ Acts Medibank ,ri%ate +ale Act ;''A Members of ,arliament <1ife Gold ,ass) Act ;''; Members of ,arliament <+taff) Act &4C5 Ministers of +tate Act &47; Northern Territory <.ommonwealth 1ands) Act &4C'

Northern Territory <+elf*Go%ernment) Act &4BC( sections <A and =9 ,apua New Guinea <+taffing Assistance) Act &4B$( insofar as it relates to superannuation and retirement benefits ,apua New Guinea <+taffing Assistance) Termination Act &4BA ,arliamentary Allowances Act &47; ,arliamentary .ontributory +uperannuation Act &45C ,arliamentary Entitlements Act &44' ,arliamentary ,recincts Act &4CC ,arliamentary +uperannuation Act ;''5 Parliamentar/ !etiring Allowances >"ncreases@ Acts ,ublic Accounts and Audit .ommittee Act &47& ,ublic 3orks .ommittee Act &4A4 Dantas +ale Act &44;( except to the extent administered b/ the Treasurer or the 'inister for "nfrastructure+ Transport+ !egional %evelopment and Local )overnment 0eferendum <Machinery ,ro%isions) Act &4C5 0epresentation Act &4C$ +alaries Ad9ustment Act &47A Superannuation Acts +uperannuation Benefits <+uper%isory Mechanisms) Act &44' +uperannuation <-istribution of +urplus) Act &4B5 Superannuation >Pension "ncreases@ Acts +uperannuation <,roducti%ity Benefit) Act &4CC Suppl/ Acts Surplus !evenue Acts Territory Authorities <6inancial ,ro%isions) Act &4BC Transferred FfficersH Allowances Act &45C 3estern Australia <+outh*3est 0egion 3ater +upplies) Agreement Act &4A7

PART 48

THE DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent

xternal Affairs+ including D relations and communications with overseas governments and &nited #ations agencies treaties+ including trade agreements bilateral+ regional and multilateral trade polic/ international trade and commodit/ negotiations market development+ including market access trade promotion and international business development international development coDoperation diplomatic and consular missions international securit/ issues+ including disarmament+ arms control and nuclear nonD proliferation public diplomac/+ including information and cultural programs "nternational expositions Provision to Australian citi,ens of secure travel identification Provision of consular services to Australian citi,ens abroad $verseas propert/ management+ including acBuisition+ ownership and disposal of real propert/ 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister Anti*,ersonnel Mines .on%ention Act &44C Australian .entre for )nternational Agricultural 0esearch Act &4C; Australian ,assports Act ;''7 Australian ,assports <Application of 6ees) Act ;''7 Australian ,assports <Transitionals and .onse?uentials) Act ;''7 Australian Trade .ommission Act &4C7

Australian Trade .ommission <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act &4C7 .harter of the 8nited Nations Act &457 .hemical 3eapons <,rohibition) Act &445 .omprehensi%e Nuclear Test*Ban Treaty Act &44C .onsular 6ees Act &477 .onsular ,ri%ileges and )mmunities Act &4B; -iplomatic and .onsular Missions Act &4BC -iplomatic ,ri%ileges and )mmunities Act &4AB E>port 6inance and )nsurance .orporation Act &44& E>port 6inance and )nsurance .orporation <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act &44& E>port Market -e%elopment Grants Act &44B E>port Market -e%elopment Grants <0epeal and .onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act &44B 6oreign ,assports <1aw Enforcement and +ecurity) Act ;''7 )ntelligence +er%ices Act ;''&+ except to the extent administered b/ the Prime 'inister+ the Attorne/D)eneral and the 'inister for %efence )nternational -e%elopment Association Act &4A' )nternational 6und for Agricultural -e%elopment Act &4BB )nternational Frganisations <,ri%ileges and )mmunities) Act &4A$ Nauru )ndependence Act &4AB Nuclear Non*,roliferation <+afeguards) Act &4CB Nuclear +afeguards <,roducers of 8ranium Fre .oncentrates) .harge Act &44$ F%erseas Missions <,ri%ileges and )mmunities) Act &447 ,apua New Guinea <Application of 1aws) Act &4B$ ,apua New Guinea )ndependence Act &4B7 ,apua New Guinea <+taffing Assistance) Act &4B$( except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for Finance and %eregulation 0egistration of -eaths Abroad Act &4C5 +ecurity Treaty <Australia( New Gealand and the 8nited +tates of America) Act &47; +outh ,acific Nuclear 6ree Gone Treaty Act &4CA Trade 0epresentati%es Act &4$$

Treaty of ,eace <Germany) Act &4&4 8nited Nations Educational( +cientific and .ultural FrganiEation Act &45B &nited States #aval Communications Station Agreement Acts 8+ 6ree Trade Agreement )mplementation Act ;''5

PA!T 00

TH % PA!T' #T $F H ALTH A#% A) "#)

Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent Services for older Australians+ including carers Polic/ for and promotion of active ageing+ other than income securit/ and emplo/ment polic/ Public health and medical research Health promotion and disease prevention Primar/ health care of Aboriginal and Torres Strait "slander people Pharmaceutical benefits Health benefits schemes Hearing services polic/ and funding Specific health services+ including human Buarantine #ational drug strateg/ !egulation of therapeutic goods #otification and assessment of industrial chemicals )ene technolog/ regulation 'edical indemnit/ insurance issues Private health insurance Sport and recreation 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister Aged or -isabled ,ersons .are Act &475 Aged .are Act &44B Aged .are <Bond +ecurity) Act ;''A Aged .are <Bond +ecurity) 1e%y Act ;''A Aged .are <.onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act &44B Alcohol Education and 0ehabilitation Account Act ;''& Australian @earing +er%ices Act &44&+ subsections :>8@ to :>:@ inclusive Australian )nstitute of @ealth and 3elfare Act &4CB

Australian 0adiation ,rotection and Nuclear +afety Act &44C Australian 0adiation ,rotection and Nuclear +afety <1icence .harges) Act &44C Australian +ports Anti*-oping Authority Act ;''A Australian +ports Anti*-oping Authority <.onse?uential and Transitional ,ro%isions) Act ;''A Australian +ports .ommission Act &4C4 .ancer Australia Act ;''A .ommonwealth +erum 1aboratories Act &4A& -eli%ered Meals +ubsidy Act &4B' Epidemiological +tudies <.onfidentiality) Act &4C& 6ood +tandards Australia New Gealand Act &44& Gene Technology Act ;''' Gene Technology <1icence .harges) Act ;''' @ealth and Fther +er%ices <.ompensation) Act &447 @ealth and Fther +er%ices <.ompensation) .are .harges Act &447 @ealth .are <Appropriation) Act &44C @ealth )nsurance Act &4B$ @ealth )nsurance .ommission <0eform and +eparation of 6unctions) Act &44B @ealth )nsurance <,athology) <6ees) Act &44& @earing +er%ices Administration Act &44B @earing +er%ices and AG@+ 0eform Act &44B @ome and .ommunity .are Act &4C7 @ome Nursing +ubsidy Act &47A )ndustrial .hemicals <Notification and Assessment) Act &4C4 )ndustrial .hemicals <0egistration .harge * .ustoms) Act &44B )ndustrial .hemicals <0egistration .harge * E>cise) Act &44B )ndustrial .hemicals <0egistration .harge * General) Act &44B Medical )ndemnity Act ;''; Medical )ndemnity <.ompetiti%e Ad%antage ,ayment) Act ;''7 Medical )ndemnity <,rudential +uper%ision and ,roduct +tandards) Act ;''$ + Part 3+ %ivision 1A Medical )ndemnity <0un*off .o%er +upport ,ayment) Act ;''5

Medical )ndemnity <8M, +upport ,ayment) Act ;''; Medical )ndemnity Agreement <6inancial Assistance I Binding .ommonwealth Fbligations) Act ;''; Narcotic -rugs Act &4AB( sections A+ 09+ 00+ 03+ 0A and 13 and subsection 18>0@+ and so much of the remaining provisions of the Act >other than sections 01 and 11 and subsection 18>1@@ as relates to powers and functions under those sections National Blood Authority Act ;''$ National @ealth Act &47$ National @ealth and Medical 0esearch .ouncil Act &44; National @ealth +ecurity Act ;''B Nursing @ome .harge <)mposition) Act &445 Nursing @omes Assistance Act &4B5 ,ri%ate @ealth )nsurance Act ;''B ,ri%ate @ealth )nsurance <.ollapsed )nsurer 1e%y) Act ;''$ ,ri%ate @ealth )nsurance .omplaints 1e%y Act &447 ,ri%ate @ealth )nsurance <.ouncil Administration 1e%y) Act ;''$ ,ri%ate @ealth )nsurance <,rostheses Application and 1isting 6ees) Act ;''B ,ri%ate @ealth )nsurance <0isk E?ualisation 1e%y) Act ;''$ ,ri%ate @ealth )nsurance <Transitional ,ro%isions and .onse?uential Amendments) Act ;''B ,rohibition of @uman .loning Act ;''; 0esearch )n%ol%ing @uman Embryos Act ;''; Duarantine Act &4'C( in relation to human Buarantine Duarantine <=alidation of 6ees) Act &4C7( in relation to human Buarantine +tates Grants <@ome .are) Act &4A4 +tates Grants <Nurse Education Transfer Assistance) Act &4C7 +tates Grants <,aramedical +er%ices) Act &4A4 Therapeutic Goods Act &4C4 Therapeutic Goods <.harges) Act &4C4 Tobacco Ad%ertising ,rohibition Act &44; Wor#+ Hea#"& Orga*iFa"io* A'" 4@B?

!A3T 1<

T"E )E!A3TME&T 4= "6MA& SE3:I#ES Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent

%evelopment+ deliver/ and coDordination of government services+ and development of polic/ on service deliver/ 'onitoring and management of service deliver/ and purchaserLprovider relationships involving Centrelink+ 'edicare Australia+ the Child Support Agenc/+ Australian Hearing+ Health Services Australia and C!S Australia 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister Australian @earing +er%ices Act &44&+ except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for Health and Ageing #hild S pport 7Assess*ent) Act 1989: i*!o ar a! i" re#a"e! "o "&e e/er'i!e o "&e po%er! a*+ u*'"io*! 'o* erre+ o* "&e Regi!"rar u*+er "&e A'" #hild S pport 'e;islation A*end*ent 73e+or* o+ the #hild S pport Sche*e > Initial Meas res) Act <88?: i*!o ar a! i" re#a"e! "o "&e e/er'i!e o "&e po%er! a*+ u*'"io*! 'o* erre+ o* "&e Regi!"rar u*+er "&e A'" #hild S pport 'e;islation A*end*ent 73e+or* o+ the #hild S pport Sche*e > &e9 =or* la and 4ther Meas res) Act <88?: i*!o ar a! i" re#a"e! "o "&e e/er'i!e o "&e po%er! a*+ u*'"io*! 'o* erre+ o* "&e Regi!"rar u*+er "&e A'" #hild S pport 73e;istration and #ollection) Act 1988 : i*!o ar a! i" re#a"e! "o "&e appoi*",e*" o "&e Regi!"rar a*+ "&e e/er'i!e o "&e po%er! a*+ u*'"io*! 'o* erre+ o* "&e Regi!"rar u*+er "&e A'" .ommonwealth +er%ices -eli%ery Agency Act &44B Medicare Australia Act &4B$

PART 4A

THE DEPARTMENT OF IMMIGRATION AND CITIMENSHIP Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent

ntr/+ sta/ and departure arrangements for nonDciti,ens -order immigration control Arrangements for the settlement of migrants and humanitarian entrants+ other than migrant child education Citi,enship thnic affairs 'ulticultural affairs 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister Aliens Act 0epeal Act &4C5 Australian .itiEenship Act ;''B Australian .itiEenship <Transitionals and .onse?uentials) Act ;''B )mmigration <Education) Act &4B& )mmigration <Education) .harge Act &44; )mmigration <Guardianship of .hildren) Act &45A Migration Act &47C Migration Agents 0egistration Application .harge Act &44B Migration <@ealth +er%ices) .harge Act &44& Migration <+ponsorship 6ees) Act ;''B Migration <=isa Application) .harge Act &44B

!A3T 1%

T"E )E!A3TME&T 4= I&=3AST36#T63E, T3A&S!43T, 3EGI4&A' )E:E'4!ME&T A&) '4#A' G4:E3&ME&T Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent

"nfrastructure planning and coDordination Transport safet/+ including investigations Land transport Civil aviation and airports Transport securit/ %eliver/ of regional and rural specific services 'aritime transport including shipping !egional development 'atters relating to local government 'a4or pro4ects facilitation 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister Adelaide Airport .urfew Act ;''' Air Accidents <.ommonwealth Go%ernment 1iability) Act &4A$ Air Na%igation Act &4;' Air Na%igation <.harges) Act &47; Air Na%igation 1egislation <=alidation and )nterpretation) Act &4C; Aircraft Noise 1e%y Act &447+ except to the extent administered b/ the Treasurer Aircraft Noise 1e%y .ollection Act &447+ except to the extent administered b/ the Treasurer Air ,assenger Ticket 1e%y <)mposition) Act ;''& Air ,assenger Ticket 1e%y <.ollection) Act ;''& + except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for ducation+ the 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations or the 'inister for Social "nclusion Airports Act &44A Air +er%ices Act &447

Airspace Act ;''B Airspace <.onse?uentials and Fther Measures) Act ;''B AN1 Act &47A Aus1ink <National 1and Transport) Act ;''7 Australian Airlines <.on%ersion to ,ublic .ompany) Act &4CC Australian 1and Transport -e%elopment Act &4CC Australian Maritime +afety Authority Act &44' A%iation 6uel 0e%enues <+pecial Appropriation) Act &4CC A%iation Transport +ecurity Act ;''5 .arriage of Goods by +ea Act &44& .i%il A%iation Act &4CC .i%il A%iation <.arriers2 1iability) Act &474 .i%il A%iation 1egislation Amendment Act &447 -amage by Aircraft Act &444 Growth .entres <6inancial Assistance) Act &4B$ )nspector of Transport +ecurity Act ;''A )nternational Air +er%ices .ommission Act &44; )nterstate 0oad Transport Act &4C7 )nterstate 0oad Transport .harge Act &4C7 1and .ommissions <6inancial Assistance) Act &4B$ 1ighthouses Act &4&& 1imitation of 1iability for Maritime .laims Act &4C4 1ocal Go%ernment <6inancial Assistance) Act &447 Marine Na%igation 1e%y Act &4C4 Marine Na%igation 1e%y .ollection Act &4C4 Marine Na%igation <0egulatory 6unctions) 1e%y Act &44& Marine Na%igation <0egulatory 6unctions) 1e%y .ollection Act &44& Maritime .ollege Act &4BC Maritime Transport and Fffshore 6acilities +ecurity Act ;''$ Motor =ehicle +tandards Act &4C4 National 0ailway Network <6inancial Assistance) Act &4B4 National Transport .ommission Act ;''$

Na%igation Act &4&; ,ort +tatistics Act &4BB ,rotection of the +ea <.i%il 1iability) Act &4C& ,rotection of the +ea <@armful Antifouling +ystems) Act ;''A ,rotection of the +ea <)mposition of .ontributions to Fil ,ollution .ompensation 6und * .ustoms) Act &44$ ,rotection of the +ea <)mposition of .ontributions to Fil ,ollution .ompensation 6und * E>cise) Act &44$ ,rotection of the +ea <)mposition of .ontributions to Fil ,ollution .ompensation 6und * General) Act &44$ ,rotection of the +ea <Fil ,ollution .ompensation 6und) Act &44$ ,rotection of the +ea <,owers of )nter%ention) Act &4C& ,rotection of the +ea <,re%ention of ,ollution from +hips) Act &4C$ ,rotection of the +ea <+hipping 1e%y) Act &4C& ,rotection of the +ea <+hipping 1e%y .ollection) Act &4C& Dantas +ale Act &44;( Part 3+ sections = to 03 inclusive 0ailway Agreement <3estern Australia) Act &4A& 0ailway +tandardiEation <New +outh 3ales and =ictoria) Agreement Act &47C 0oad Transport .harges <Australian .apital Territory) Act &44$ 0oad Transport 0eform <-angerous Goods) Act &447 0oad Transport 0eform <@ea%y =ehicles 0egistration) Act &44B 0oad Transport 0eform <=ehicles and Traffic) Act &44$ 0oads to 0eco%ery Act ;''' +hipping Grants 1egislation Act &44A +hipping 0egistration Act &4C& +te%edoring 1e%y <.ollection) Act &44C +te%edoring 1e%y <)mposition) Act &44C +ubmarine .ables and ,ipelines ,rotection Act &4A$ +ydney Airport .urfew Act &447 +ydney Airport -emand Management Act &44B Tasmania Agreement <1aunceston ,recision Tool Anne>e) Act &4C' Trade ,ractices Act &4B5+ Part 7

Transport 1egislation Amendment <+earch and 0escue) Act &44B Transport +afety )n%estigation Act ;''$ 8rban and 0egional -e%elopment <6inancial Assistance) Act &4B5

PART 45

THE DEPARTMENT OF INNOVATION: INDUSTRY: SCIENCE AND RESEARCH Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent

'anufacturing and commerce including industr/ and market development "ndustr/ innovation polic/ and technolog/ diffusion Promotion of industrial research and development+ and commercialisation -iotechnolog/+ excluding gene technolog/ regulation xport services 'arketing+ including export promotion+ of manufactures and services "nvestment promotion nterprise improvement Construction industr/ Small business polic/ and implementation -usiness entr/ point management Facilitation of the development of service industries generall/ -ounties on the production of goods Trade marks+ plant breedersF rights and patents of inventions and designs Countr/ of origin labelling .eights and measures standards Civil space issues Anal/tical laborator/ services Science polic/ Promotion of collaborative research in science and technolog/ CoDordination of research polic/ Commercialisation and utilisation of public sector research relating to portfolio programs and agencies !esearch grants and fellowships "nformation and communications technolog/ industr/ development 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister

A.)+ Administration Act &444 A.)+ <8nearned .redit 1iability) Act &444 Ad%ance Australia 1ogo ,rotection Act &4C5 Anglo*Australian Telescope Agreement Act &4B' Australian )nstitute of Aboriginal and Torres +trait )slander +tudies Act &4C4 Australian )nstitute of Marine +cience Act &4B; Australian Nuclear +cience and Technology Frganisation Act &4CB Australian Nuclear +cience and Technology Frganisation <Transitional ,ro%isions) Act &4CB Australian 0esearch .ouncil Act ;''& Australian 0esearch .ouncil <.onse?uential and Transitional ,ro%isions) Act ;''& -esigns Act ;''$ Education 0esearch Act &4B' 6oreign .orporations <Application of 1aws) Act &4C4 @igher Education Endowment 6und Act ;''B + insofar as it relates to the making of grants of financial assistance to eligible higher education institutions in relation to research facilities Hig&er E+u'a"io* Suppor" A'" -88A, section %1.18, ite*s @, 8, 18 and 117b) and s bsection %?.187b) "ndependent .ontractors Act ;''A )ndustrial 0esearch and -e%elopment )ncenti%es Act &4BA )ndustry 0esearch and -e%elopment Act &4CA Mutual 0ecognition Act &44;( except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for ducation+ the 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations or the 'inister for Social "nclusion National Measurement Act &4A' Flympic )nsignia ,rotection Act &4CB ,atents Act &44' ,lant Breeder2s 0ights Act &445 ,ooled -e%elopment 6unds Act &44;

S'ie*'e a*+ I*+u!"r1 E*+o%,e*" A'" 4@-0 +cience and )ndustry 0esearch Act &454 +cout Association Act &4;5 +pace Acti%ities Act &44C +tatute 1aw <Miscellaneous Amendments) Act <No. &) &4C;( sections 0A0 and 0A1 Te>tile( .lothing and 6ootwear +trategic )n%estment ,rogram Act &444 Trade Marks Act &447 Trade ,ractices Act &4B5+ %ivision 0AA of Part 2 Trade> +cheme Act &444 Trade> -uty )mposition <.ustoms) Act &444 Trade> -uty )mposition <General) Act &444 Trade> -uty )mposition <E>cise) Act &444 Trans*Tasman Mutual 0ecognition Act &44B+ in relation to the provisions that relate to goods =enture .apital Act ;'';

PART 40

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE PRIME MINISTER AND CA=INET Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent

CoDordination of )overnment administration Assistance to Cabinet and its Committees Polic/ advice and administrative support to the Prime 'inister "ntergovernmental relations and communications with State and Territor/ )overnments Australian honours and s/mbols polic/ )overnment ceremonial and hospitalit/ Counter terrorism polic/ coDordination #ational securit/ polic/ coDordination .ork and famil/ polic/ coDordination Privac/ Freedom of information 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister Administrati%e Arrangements Act &4CB Auditor*General Act &44B Australian .apital Territory Go%ernment +er%ice <.onse?uential ,ro%isions) Act &445 .omplaints <Australian 6ederal ,olice) Act &4C&( Part """ -efence Act &4'$+ Part """AAA insofar as it relates to the powers or functions of the Prime 'inister as an authorising minister 6amily 1aw Act &4B7( Part 7"2A 6lags Act &47$ 6reedom of )nformation Act &4C;+ except to the extent administered b/ the Attorne/D )eneral Go;er*or-Ge*era# A'" 4@?B @ouse of 0epresentati%es <Duorum) Act &4C4 )nspector*General of )ntelligence and +ecurity Act &4CA Fffice of National Assessments Act &4BB

O,2u+!,a* A'" 4@?0 ,arliamentary .ommission of )n?uiry <0epeal) Act &4CA ,arliamentary ,residing Ffficers Act &4A7 ,ri%acy Act &4CC+ except to the extent administered b/ the Attorne/D)eneral ,ublic +er%ice Act &444 0esource Assessment .ommission Act &4C4 0oyal .ommissions Act &4'; 0oyal ,owers Act &47$ 0oyal +tyle and Titles Act &4B$ +enate <Duorum) Act &44&

!A3T 1@

T"E )E!A3TME&T 4= 3ES463#ES, E&E3GA A&) T463ISM Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent

nerg/ polic/ 'ineral and energ/ industries+ including oil and gas+ and electricit/ #ational energ/ market nerg/Dspecific international organisations and activities Administration of export controls on rough diamonds+ uranium and thorium 'inerals and energ/ resources research+ science and technolog/ Tourism industr/ )eoscience research and information services including geodes/+ mapping+ remote sensing and land information coDordination !adioactive waste management !enewable energ/ technolog/ development Clean fossil fuel energ/ "ndustrial energ/ efficienc/ 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister Atomic Energy Act &47$ Australian Energy Market Act ;''5 .oal )ndustry 0epeal Act ;''& .oal )ndustry 0epeal <=alidation of ,roclamation) Act ;''; .oal 0esearch Assistance Act &4BB .ommonwealth 0adioacti%e 3aste Management Act ;''7 .ommonwealth 0adioacti%e 3aste Management <0elated Amendments) Act ;''7 Energy Efficiency Fpportunities Act ;''A Gas ,ipelines Access <.ommonwealth) Act &44C Greater +unrise 8nitisation Agreement )mplementation Act ;''5 1i?uid 6uel Emergency Act &4C5 Moomba*+ydney ,ipeline +ystem +ale Act &445

Fffshore Minerals Act &445 Fffshore Minerals <E>ploration 1icence 6ees) Act &4C& Fffshore Minerals <Mining 1icence 6ees) Act &4C& Fffshore Minerals <0etention 1icence 6ees) Act &445 Fffshore Minerals <0egistration 6ees) Act &4C& Fffshore Minerals <0oyalty) Act &4C& Fffshore Minerals <3orks 1icence 6ees) Act &4C& Fffshore ,etroleum Act ;''A Fffshore ,etroleum <Annual 6ees) Act ;''A Fffshore ,etroleum <0egistration 6ees) Act ;''A Fffshore ,etroleum <0oyalty) Act ;''A Fffshore ,etroleum <+afety 1e%ies) Act ;''$ ,etroleum 0e%enue Act &4C7 ,etroleum <+ubmerged 1ands) Act &4AB ,etroleum <+ubmerged 1ands) 6ees Act &445 ,etroleum <+ubmerged 1ands) <0egistration 6ees) Act &4AB ,etroleum <+ubmerged 1ands) <0oyalty) Act &4AB ,etroleum <Timor +ea Treaty) Act ;''$ ,rimary )ndustries and Energy 0esearch and -e%elopment Act &4C4 + insofar as it relates to all matters concerning the nerg/ !esearch and %evelopment Corporation +nowy @ydro .orporatisation Act &44B +nowy @ydro .orporatisation <.onse?uential Amendments) Act &44B +nowy Mountains Engineering .orporation Act &4B' +nowy Mountains Engineering .orporation <.on%ersion into ,ublic .ompany) Act &4C4 +nowy Mountains Engineering .orporation 1imited +ale Act &44$ Tourism Australia Act ;''5 Tourism Australia <0epeal and Transitional ,ro%isions) Act ;''5

PART 49

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent conomic+ fiscal and monetar/ polic/ Taxation -orrowing mone/ on the public credit of the Commonwealth "nternational finance Foreign exchange Financial sector polic/ Currenc/ and legal tender Foreign investment in Australia Superannuation and retirement savings polic/ -usiness law and practice Corporate+ financial services and securities law Corporate insolvenc/ Competition and consumer polic/ Prices surveillance xcise Census and statistics 2aluation services CommonwealthDState financial relations 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister A New Ta> +ystem <Australian Business Number) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <Bonuses for Flder Australians) Act &444 + Parts 0 and ; insofar as the/ relate to Australian Taxation $ffice customers and Part 8 A New Ta> +ystem <.ommonwealth*+tate 6inancial Arrangements) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <Goods and +er%ices Ta>) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <Goods and +er%ices Ta> )mposition * .ustoms) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <Goods and +er%ices Ta> )mposition * E>cise) Act &444

A New Ta> +ystem <Goods and +er%ices Ta> )mposition * General) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <Goods and +er%ices Ta> )mposition <0ecipients)J.ustoms) Act ;''7 A New Ta> +ystem <Goods and +er%ices Ta> )mposition <0ecipients)JE>cise) Act ;''7 A New Ta> +ystem <Goods and +er%ices Ta> )mposition <0ecipients)JGeneral) Act ;''7 A New Ta> +ystem <Goods and +er%ices Ta> Transition) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <1u>ury .ar Ta>) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <1u>ury .ar Ta> )mposition * .ustoms) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <1u>ury .ar Ta> )mposition * E>cise) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <1u>ury .ar Ta> )mposition * General) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <Medicare 1e%y +urcharge * 6ringe Benefits) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <3ine E?ualisation Ta>) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <3ine E?ualisation Ta> )mposition * .ustoms) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <3ine E?ualisation Ta> )mposition * E>cise) Act &444 A New Ta> +ystem <3ine E?ualisation Ta> )mposition * General) Act &444 Aircraft Noise 1e%y Act &447+ subsection <>0@ insofar as it relates to lev/ unit+ subsections <>3@ and <>8@ and section : in relation to the foregoing Aircraft Noise 1e%y .ollection Act &447+ section = AN1 Guarantee Act &445 Appropriation <@)@ Assistance) Act ;''& A!ia* De;e#op,e*" =a*3 A'" 4@00 Asian %evelopment -ank >Additional Subscription@ Acts Australian Bureau of +tatistics Act &4B7 Australian ,rudential 0egulation Authority Act &44C Australian +ecurities and )n%estments .ommission Act ;''& Au"&ori!e+ Depo!i"-"a3i*g I*!"i"u"io*! Super;i!or1 Le;1 I,po!i"io* A'" 4@@9 Authorised Non*operating @olding .ompanies +uper%isory 1e%y )mposition Act &44C Bank )ntegration Act &44&

=a*3i*g A'" 4@5@ Banking <+tate Bank of +outh Australia and Fther Matters) Act &445 Banking <Transitional ,ro%isions) Act &474 Bills of E>change Act &4'4 .ensus and +tatistics Act &4'7 .harter of Budget @onesty Act &44C .he?ues Act &4CA .ommonwealth Authorities <Australian .apital Territory ,ay*roll Ta>) Act &447 .ommonwealth Authorities <Northern Territory ,ay*roll Ta>) Act &4B4 .ommonwealth Bank +ale Act &447 .ommonwealth Banks Act &474 .ommonwealth Borrowing 1e%y Act &4CB .ommonwealth Borrowing 1e%y .ollection Act &4CB .ommonwealth 6unctions <+tatutes 0e%iew) Act &4C&( section 138 .ommonwealth Grants .ommission Act &4B$ .ommonwealth )nscribed +tock Act &4&& .ommonwealth ,laces <Mirror Ta>es) Act &44C .ommonwealth ,laces 3indfall Ta> <.ollection) Act &44C .ommonwealth ,laces 3indfall Ta> <)mposition) Act &44C .ommonwealth =olunteers ,rotection Act ;''$ .ompetition ,olicy 0eform Act &447 .o*operati%e 6armers and GraEiers -irect Meat +upply 1imited <1oan Guarantee) Act &4BC .orporations Act ;''&+ except to the extent administered b/ the Attorne/D)eneral Corpora"io*! $Co,pe*!a"io* Arra*ge,e*"! Le;ie!. A'" -884 .orporations <6ees) Act ;''& .orporations <6utures Frganisations 1e%ies) Act ;''& .orporations <National Guarantee 6und 1e%ies) Act ;''& .orporations <0e%iew 6ees) Act ;''$ .orporations <+ecurities E>changes 1e%ies) Act ;''& .rimes <Ta>ation Fffences) Act &4C' .rown -ebts <,riority) Act &4C&

.urrency Act &4A7 -e%elopment Allowance Authority Act &44; Energy Grants <.leaner 6uels) +cheme Act ;''5 Energy Grants <.redits) +cheme Act ;''$ European Bank for 0econstruction and -e%elopment Act &44' E>cise Act &4'& E>cise Tariff Act &4;& E>tension of .haritable ,urpose Act ;''5 6amily Trust -istribution Ta> <,rimary 1iability) Act &44C 6amily Trust -istribution Ta> <+econdary 1iability) Act &44C 6inancial Agreement Act &445 6inancial Agreement =alidation Act &4;4 6inancial Agreements <.ommonwealth 1iability) Act &4$; 6inancial .orporations <Transfer of Assets and 1iabilities) Act &44$ 6inancial )nstitutions +uper%isory 1e%ies .ollection Act &44C 6inancial +ector <Business Transfer and Group 0estructure) Act &444 6inancial +ector <.ollection of -ata) Act ;''& 6inancial +ector <+hareholdings) Act &44C 6oreign Ac?uisitions and Takeo%ers Act &4B7 6ranchise 6ees 3indfall Ta> <.ollection) Act &44B 6ranchise 6ees 3indfall Ta> <)mposition) Act &44B 6ringe Benefits Ta> Act &4CA 6ringe Benefits Ta> <Application to the .ommonwealth) Act &4CA 6ringe Benefits Ta> Assessment Act &4CA 6ringe Benefits Ta> <Miscellaneous ,ro%isions) Act &4CA 6uel Ta> Act ;''A General )nsurance +uper%isory 1e%y )mposition Act &44C General )nterest .harge <)mposition) Act &444 Health "nsurance Lev/ Assessment Acts @)@ 0oyal .ommission <Transfer of 0ecords) Act ;''$ @ousing 1oans Guarantees <Australian .apital Territory) Act &474 @ousing 1oans Guarantees <Northern Territory) Act &474

@ousing 1oans )nsurance .orporation Act &4A7 @ousing 1oans )nsurance .orporation <Transfer of Assets and Abolition) Act &44A )ncome Ta> Act &4CA "ncome Tax Assessment Acts )ncome Ta> <Bearer -ebentures) Act &4B& )ncome Ta> <-eferred )nterest +ecurities) <Ta> 6ile Number 3ithholding Ta>) Act &44& )ncome Ta> <-i%erted )ncome) Act &4C& )ncome Ta> <-i%idends( )nterest and 0oyalties 3ithholding Ta>) Act &4B5 )ncome Ta> <6ormer .omplying +uperannuation 6unds) Act &445 )ncome Ta> <6ormer Non*resident +uperannuation 6unds) Act &445 )ncome Ta> <6ranking -eficit) Act &4CB )ncome Ta> <6und .ontributions) Act &4C4 )ncome Ta> <Mining 3ithholding Ta>) Act &4B4 )ncome Ta> <Fffshore Banking 8nits) <3ithholding Ta> 0ecoupment) Act &4CC )ncome Ta> <0oyalties) Act &4BB )ncome Ta> <+ecurities and Agreements) <3ithholding Ta> 0ecoupment) Act &4CA I*'o,e Ta/ $Tra*!i"io*a# Pro;i!io*!. A'" 4@@? )ncome Ta> <3ithholding Ta> 0ecoupment) Act &4B& )ncome Ta> 0ates Act &4CA )nfrastructure .ertificate .ancellation Ta> Act &445 )nspector*General of Ta>ation Act ;''$ )nsurance Ac?uisitions and Takeo%ers Act &44& )nsurance Act &4B$ )nsurance .ontracts Act &4C5 )nternational Bank for 0econstruction and -e%elopment <General .apital )ncrease) Act &4C4 )nternational Bank for 0econstruction and -e%elopment <+hare )ncrease) Act &4CC )nternational 6inance .orporation Act &477 "nternational Financial "nstitutions >Share "ncrease@ Acts "nternational 'onetar/ Agreements Acts )nternational Monetary Agreements <Duota )ncrease) Act &4C' )nternational Monetary 6und <Duota )ncrease) Act &4C$

)nternational Ta> Agreements Act &47$ :ames @ardie <)n%estigations and ,roceedings) Act ;''5 1ife )nsurance Act &447 1ife )nsurance +uper%isory 1e%y )mposition Act &44C 1oan <Temporary 0e%enue -eficits) Act &47$ 1oans <Australian )ndustry -e%elopment .orporation) Act &4B5 1oans 0edemption and .on%ersion Act &4;& 1oans +ecurities Act &4&4 1oans <Ta>ation E>emption) Act &4BC Medical )ndemnity <,rudential +uper%ision and ,roduct +tandards) Act ;''$ + except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for Health and Ageing Medicare 1e%y Act &4CA Mint Employees Act &4A5 Multilateral )n%estment Guarantee Agency Act &44B Mu"ua# A!!i!"a*'e i* =u!i*e!! Regu#a"io* A'" 4@@New Business Ta> +ystem <6ranking -eficit Ta>) Act ;''; New Business Ta> +ystem <F%er*6ranking) Act ;''; New Business Ta> +ystem <8ntainting Ta>) Act ;''A Northern Territory Grant <Electricity) Act &4C4 Northern Territory Grant <+pecial Assistance) Act &4C$ Northern Territory <1esseesH 1oans Guarantee) Act &475 Fccupational +uperannuation +tandards 0egulations Application Act &44; Papua and #ew )uinea Loan >"nternational -ank@ Acts Papua #ew )uinea Loan >Asian %evelopment -ank@ Acts ,apua New Guinea 1oan Guarantee Act &4B$ Papua #ew )uinea Loan >"nternational -ank@ Acts Papua #ew )uinea Loans )uarantee Acts ,apua New Guinea <Transfer of Banking Business) Act &4B$ ,ayment of Ta> 0eceipts <=ictoria) Act &44A ,ayment +ystems and Netting Act &44C ,ayment +ystems <0egulation) Act &44C ,ay*roll Ta> Act &45&

,ay*roll Ta> <+tate Ta>ation of .ommonwealth Authorities) Act &4B& ,etroleum E>cise <,rices) Act &4CB ,etroleum 0esource 0ent Ta> Act &4CB ,etroleum 0esource 0ent Ta> Assessment Act &4CB ,etroleum 0esource 0ent Ta> <)nterest on 8nderpayments) Act &4CB ,etroleum 0esource 0ent Ta> <)nstallment Transfer )nterest .harge )mposition) Act ;''A ,etroleum 0esource 0ent Ta> <Miscellaneous ,ro%isions) Act &4CB ,rices +ur%eillance Act &4C$ ,roduct Grants and Benefits Administration Act ;''' ,roducti%ity .ommission Act &44C ,roducti%ity .ommission <0epeals( Transitional and .onse?uential Amendments) Act &44C Cantas Airwa/s Limited >Loan )uarantee@ Acts Dantas +ale Act &44;( sections 08+ 0< and 0= Cueensland )rant >Special Assistance@ Acts 0eser%e Bank Act &474 0etirement +a%ings Accounts Act &44B 0etirement +a%ings Account ,ro%iders +uper%isory 1e%y )mposition Act &44C +ales Ta> <3orld Trade FrganiEation Amendments) Act &445 +hortfall )nterest .harge <)mposition) Act ;''7 +mall +uperannuation Accounts Act &447 +tates Grants Act &4;B States )rants >Capital Assistance@ Acts States >.orks and Housing@ Assistance Acts +tatistical Bureau <Tasmania) Act &4;5 +tatistics <Arrangements with +tates) Act &47A +uperannuation .ontributions Ta> <Application to the .ommonwealth) Act &44B +uperannuation .ontributions Ta> <Application to the .ommonwealth * 0eduction of Benefits) Act &44B +uperannuation .ontributions Ta> <Assessment and .ollection) Act &44B

+uperannuation .ontributions Ta> <Members of .onstitutionally ,rotected +uperannuation 6unds) Assessment and .ollection Act &44B +uperannuation .ontributions Ta> <Members of .onstitutionally ,rotected +uperannuation 6unds) )mposition Act &44B +uperannuation .ontributions Ta> )mposition Act &44B +uperannuation <-eparting Australia +uperannuation ,ayments Ta>) Act ;''B +uperannuation <E>cess .oncessional .ontributions Ta>) Act ;''B +uperannuation <E>cess Non*concessional .ontributions Ta>) Act ;''B +uperannuation <E>cess 8nta>ed 0oll*o%er Amounts Ta>) Act ;''B +uperannuation <6inancial Assistance 6unding) 1e%y Act &44$ +uperannuation <Go%ernment .o*contribution for 1ow )ncome Earners) Act ;''$ +uperannuation Guarantee <Administration) Act &44; +uperannuation Guarantee .harge Act &44; +uperannuation )ndustry <+uper%ision) Act &44$ +uperannuation <0esolution of .omplaints) Act &44$ +uperannuation <+elf Managed +uperannuation 6unds) Ta>ation Act &4CB +uperannuation <+elf Managed +uperannuation 6unds) +uper%isory 1e%y )mposition Act &44& +uperannuation +uper%isory 1e%y )mposition Act &44C +uperannuation <8nclaimed Money and 1ost Members) Act &444 Ta>ation Administration Act &47$ Ta>ation Boards of 0e%iew <Transfer of :urisdiction) Act &4CA Taxation >%eficit !eduction@ Acts Ta>ation <)nterest on Non*0esident Trust -istributions) Act &44' Ta>ation <)nterest on F%erpayments and Early ,ayments) Act &4C$ Taxation Laws Acts Ta>ation 1aws <.learing and +ettlement 6acility +upport) Act ;''5 Ta>ation 1aws )mpro%ement <+ubstantiation) Act &447 Taxation >Trustee -eneficiar/ #onDdisclosure Tax@ Acts Tax Law "mprovement Acts Termination ,ayments Ta> <Assessment and .ollection) Act &44B Termination ,ayments Ta> )mposition Act &44B

Terrorism )nsurance Act ;''$ Trade ,ractices Act &4B5( except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for -roadband+ Communications and the %igital conom/+ the 'inister for "nnovation+ "ndustr/+ Science and !esearch and the 'inister for "nfrastructure+ Transport+ !egional %evelopment and Local )overnment Treasury Bills Act &4&5 Trust 0ecoupment Ta> Act &4C7 Trust 0ecoupment Ta> Assessment Act &4C7

PART 4@

THE DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS' AFFAIRS $Par" o "&e De e*'e Por" o#io. Matters dealt 9ith by the )epart*ent

!epatriation income support+ compensation and health programs for veterans+ members of the %efence Force+ certain mariners and their dependants .ar graves %efence Service Homes 'e;islation ad*inistered by the Minister A New Ta> +ystem <Bonuses for Flder Australians) Act &444 + Parts 0 and ; insofar as the/ relate to 2eteransF Affairs customers and Part 3 AnEac -ay Act &447 Australian ,articipants in British Nuclear Tests <Treatment) Act ;''A Australian 3ar Memorial Act &4C' .ompensation <:apanese )nternment) Act ;''& -efence Act &4'$( in relation to paragraph 018>0@>Bba@ -efence +er%ice @omes Act &4&C 6amilies( .ommunity +er%ices and )ndigenous Affairs and Fther 1egislation <;''A Budget and Fther Measures) Act ;''A+ item 33 of Schedule = 6amilies( .ommunity +er%ices and )ndigenous Affairs and =eterans2 Affairs 1egislation Amendment <;''A Budget Measures) Act ;''A + items 88 and 8; of Schedule 0 Military 0ehabilitation and .ompensation Act ;''5 + except to the extent administered b/ the 'inister for %efence Military 0ehabilitation and .ompensation <.onse?uential and Transitional ,ro%isions) Act ;''5 ,apua New Guinea <Members of the 6orces Benefits) Act &47B 0epatriation )nstitutions <Transfer) Act &44; +afety( 0ehabilitation and .ompensation Act &4CC + Part 7" except for sections 083>1@ and >3@+ 088>8@+ 08A+ 0;9+ 0;3>1@+ 0;<+ 0;: and 0;A

+ocial +ecurity and =eterans2 Entitlements 1egislation Amendment <Fne*off ,ayments to )ncrease Assistance for Flder Australians and .arers and Fther Measures) Act ;''A+ "tem 1 of Schedule 1 +ocial +ecurity and =eterans2 Affairs 1egislation Amendment <Fne*off ,ayments and Fther ;''B Budget Measures) Act ;''B+ "tem 1 of Schedule 1 and Schedule ; =eterans2 Entitlements Act &4CA =eterans2 Entitlements <.larke 0e%iew) Act ;''5 =eterans2 Entitlements <0ewrite) Transition Act &44& 3ar Gra%es Act &4C' 3ar ,recautions Act 0epeal Act &4;'

COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT RUDD MINISTRY 4- Fe2ruar1 -889 T"TL Pri,e Mi*i!"er Ca2i*e" Se're"ar1 Mi*i!"er or C#i,a"e C&a*ge a*+ Wa"er ,arliamentary +ecretary for Early .hildhood Education and .hildcare ,arliamentary +ecretary The @on Ma>ine Mc ew M, The @on Anthony Mi*i!"er or E+u'a"io* Mi*i!"er or E,p#o1,e*" a*+ Wor3p#a'e Re#a"io*! Mi*i!"er or So'ia# I*'#u!io* >%eput/ Prime 'inister@ 'inister for (outh 'inister for mplo/ment Participation !arlia*entary Secretary +or Social Incl sion and the :ol ntary Sector ,arliamentary +ecretary Assisting the ,rime Minister for +ocial )nclusion The Hon 6ate llis 'P The Hon -rendan $FConnor 'P +enator the @on 8rsula +tephens Senator the Hon Penn/ .ong Senator the Hon Penn/ .ong Byrne M, The Hon 5ulia )illard 'P The Hon 5ulia )illard 'P The Hon 5ulia )illard 'P Senator the Hon 6im Carr Senator the Hon Penn/ .ong Senator the Hon Penn/ .ong '"#"ST ! The Hon 6evin !udd 'P Senator the Hon 5ohn Faulkner Senator the Hon Penn/ .ong $TH ! CHA'- ! Senator the Hon Chris vans The Hon Lindsa/ Tanner 'P The Hon .a/ne Swan 'P The Hon Peter )arrett A' 'P >.ater@

Trea!urer Assistant Treasurer 'inister for Competition Polic/ and Consumer Affairs Mi*i!"er or Supera**ua"io* a*+ Corpora"e La%

The Hon .a/ne Swan 'P The Hon Chris -owen 'P The Hon Chris -owen 'P Senator the Hon #ick Sherr/ Senator the Hon Chris vans The @on 1aurie 6erguson M, Senator the Hon 5ohn Faulkner The Hon Lindsa/ Tanner 'P

Senator the Hon Stephen Conro/ Senator the Hon Stephen Conro/ Senator the Hon #ick Sherr/ The Hon Lindsa/ Tanner 'P The Hon !obert 'cClelland 'P

Mi*i!"er or I,,igra"io* a*+ Ci"iFe*!&ip >Leader of the )overnment in the Senate@ ,arliamentary +ecretary for Multicultural Affairs and +ettlement +er%ices Spe'ia# Mi*i!"er o S"a"e >2ice President of the xecutive Council@ Mi*i!"er or Fi*a*'e a*+ Deregu#a"io*

The Hon Lindsa/ Tanner 'P Senator the Hon #ick Sherr/ Senator the Hon 5ohn Faulkner Senator the Hon 5ohn Faulkner

Mi*i!"er or Tra+e ,arliamentary +ecretary Mi*i!"er or Foreig* A air! ,arliamentary +ecretary for ,acific )sland Affairs ,arliamentary +ecretary for )nternational -e%elopment Assistance

The Hon Simon Crean 'P The @on :ohn Murphy M, The Hon Stephen Smith 'P The @on -uncan err M, The @on Bob McMullan M,

Mi*i!"er or De e*'e 'inister for 2eteransF Affairs 'inister for %efence Science and Personnel ,arliamentary +ecretary for -efence ,rocurement ,arliamentary +ecretary for -efence +upport

The Hon 5oel Fit,gibbon 'P The Hon Alan )riffin 'P The Hon .arren Snowdon 'P The @on Greg .ombet AM M, The @on -r Mike elly AM M, The Hon #icola !oxon 'P The Hon 5ustine lliot 'P The Hon 6ate llis 'P +enator the @on :an Mc1ucas The Hon 5enn/ 'acklin 'P The Hon Tan/a Plibersek 'P The Hon Tan/a Plibersek 'P The @on Bill +horten M, The Hon Anthon/ Albanese 'P

Senator the Hon 5ohn Faulkner Senator the Hon 5ohn Faulkner Senator the Hon 5ohn Faulkner

Mi*i!"er or Hea#"& a*+ Agei*g 'inister for Ageing 'inister for Sport ,arliamentary +ecretary

Senator the Hon 5oe Ludwig Senator the Hon 5oe Ludwig Senator the Hon Chris vans Senator the Hon Chris vans Senator the Hon Chris vans Senator the Hon Penn/ .ong

Mi*i!"er or Fa,i#ie!: Hou!i*g: Co,,u*i"1 Ser;i'e! a*+ I*+ige*ou! A air! 'inister for Housing 'inister for the Status of .omen ,arliamentary +ecretary for -isabilities and .hildren2s +er%ices

Mi*i!"er or I* ra!"ru'"ure: Tra*!por": Regio*a# De;e#op,e*" a*+ Go;er*,e*" >Leader of the House@ ,arliamentary +ecretary for 0egional -e%elopment and Northern Australia Lo'a#

Senator the Hon Stephen Conro/

The @on Gary Gray AF M,

Mi*i!"er or =roa+2a*+: Co,,u*i'a"io*! a*+ "&e Digi"a# E'o*o,1 >%eput/ Leader of the )overnment in the Senate@ Mi*i!"er or I**o;a"io*: I*+u!"r1: S'ie*'e a*+ Re!ear'& 'inister for Small -usiness+ "ndependent Contractors and the Service conom/ Minister Assisting the 6inance Minister on -eregulation Mi*i!"er or "&e E*;iro*,e*": Heri"age a*+ "&e Ar"! A""or*e1-Ge*era# 'inister for Home Affairs

Senator the Hon Stephen Conro/

The Hon Anthon/ Albanese 'P

Senator the Hon 6im Carr The Hon %r Craig merson 'P

The Hon %r Craig merson 'P The Hon 5ulia )illard 'P >!esearch@ Senator the Hon 6im Carr

The Hon Peter )arrett A' 'P The Hon !obert 'cClelland 'P The Hon -ob %ebus 'P Senator the Hon 5oe Ludwig The Hon Ton/ -urke 'P The Hon 'artin Ferguson A' 'P The Hon 'artin Ferguson A' 'P

Senator the Hon Penn/ .ong Senator the Hon 5oe Ludwig Senator the Hon 5oe Ludwig The Hon Tan/a Plibersek 'P Senator the Hon #ick Sherr/ Senator the Hon 6im Carr Senator the Hon #ick Sherr/

Mi*i!"er or Hu,a* Ser;i'e! >'anager of )overnment -usiness in the Senate@ 'inister for Agriculture+ Fisheries and Forestr/ Mi*i!"er or Re!our'e! a*+ E*erg1 'inister for Tourism

ach box represents a portfolio* Ca2i*e" Mi*i!"er! are !&o%* i* 2o#+ "1pe( As a general rule+ there is one department in each portfolio* However+ there is a %epartment of Climate Change in the Prime 'inisterFs portfolio and a %epartment of 2eteransF Affairs in the %efence portfolio* xcept for the %epartment of the Prime 'inister and Cabinet+ the %epartment of Finance and %eregulation+ the %epartment of ducation+

mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations+ the %epartment of Foreign Affairs and Trade+ the %epartment of the nvironment+ .ater+ Heritage and the Arts+ the %epartment of Climate Change and the %epartment of !esources+ nerg/ and Tourism the title of each department reflects that of the portfolio minister* Figure 1& Co,,o*%ea#"& Go;er*,e*" RUDD MINISTRY

'ist o+ Senators 5;nd !arlia*ent as at 1< =ebr ary <888

No( Se*a"or

S"a"e or Par"1 S"a"e or Terri"or1 Terri"or1 A++re!!e!

S"a"e or Terri"or1 Te#ep&o*e a*+ Fa'!i,i#e

Abet,+ Senator the Hon ric TAS <-eputy 1eader of the Fpposition in the +enate)

LP

Nu,2er! Highbur/ House+ 03< 93L<118 3=9= %ave/ Street+ Hobart TAS =999 >)P$ -ox 0<=;+ Hobart TAS =990@ 88 $utram Street+ >P$ -ox A39+ .est Perth .A <:=1@ 0399 031 8A3 <toll free) 93L<118 3=9A <fa>) 9:LA8:0 938A <toll free) 9:LA310 8:=< <fa>) 93LA80< 0::9 93LA80= 0<A9 <fa>@ 93L<338 0=;; <fa>) 9=L31;1 =090 9=L31;1 :A;=

Adams+ Senator 5udith <-eputy Fpposition 3hip)

.A

LP

.est Perth .A <99; 0399 390 :8A

Allison+ Senator L/n <1eader of the Australian -emocrats)

2"C

A%

0 Floor+ <1 .ellington Parade+ ast 'elbourne 2"C 3991 33 )eorge Street+

st

-arnett+ Senator )u/

TAS

LP

Launceston TAS =1;9 93L<338 0<18 ; -artlett+ Senator Andrew <-eputy 1eader of the Australian -emocrats and < Australian -emocrats 3hip) -ernardi+ Senator Cor/ SA LP CL% A% Suite 08 - 0+ =L810 -runswick Street+ 899< 019G011 Port !oad+ Hindmarsh SA ;99=

Fortitude 2alle/ CL% <fa>) 9:L:38< 0833 0399 ::9 ;<A

>P$ -ox ;13+

<toll free) <fa>) 9:L:3;8 0<88 0399 390 <3: <toll free) 9:L:3;8 0<;;

Hindmarsh SA ;99=@ 9:L:38< ;<AA = -irmingham+ Senator Simon SA 5ohn LP <0 Henle/ -each !oad+ 'ile nd SA ;930

-ishop+ Senator 'ark

.A

ALP

<fa>) Suite 30+ 883 Alban/ 9:LA8=1 <0== Highwa/+ 2ictoria Park .A <099 0399 390 =1< <toll free@ 9:LA8=1 <199

>P$ -ox ;=0+ 2ictoria <fa>) A -oswell+ Senator the Hon !onald Leslie %o/le <-eputy 1eader of The Nationals in the +enate) 09 -o/ce+ Senator Su,anne 6a/ >Sue@ CL% LP CL% Park .A <A=A@ #ATS Level 3<+ .aterfront -risbane CL% 8999 >)P$ -ox 11:+ -risbane CL% 8990@ Ath Floor+ 390 Coronation %rive+ 'ilton CL% 89<8 >P$ -ox 03:;+ 'ilton 00 -randis+ Senator the Hon )eorge Henr/+ SC CL% LP CL% 89<8@ Suite 1+ Level 3<+ .aterfront Place+ 0 agle Street+ -risbane CL% 8999 >)P$ -ox 11:+ 01 -rown+ Senator -ob <1eader of the Australian Greens) TAS A) -risbane CL% 8990@ Level 0+ 'urra/ Street 93L<118 3111 Pier+ 'urra/ Street Hobart TAS =999 93L<118 1AAA <fa>) 9=L3990 :0:9 9=L3990 :0:0 >fa>@ 9=L3;09 3099 9=L3;09 3000 <fa>) 9=L3990 :0;9 <fa>)

Place+ 0 agle Street+ 9=L3990 :0;0

>)P$ -ox 898+ 03 -rown+ Senator Carol TAS ALP Hobart TAS =990@ Commonwealth )overnment Centre+ 0:: Collins Street+ Hobart TAS =999 >)P$ -ox 3=<+ 08 -ushb/+ Senator %avid Christopher TAS LP Hobart TAS =990@ Suite 09+ 1 -a/field Street+ !osn/ Park TAS =90: >P$ -ox 81A+ !osn/ 0; Campbell+ Senator )eorge #S. ALP Park TAS =90:@ =9 Phillip Street+ S/dne/ #S. 1999 #S. 1990@ 0< Carr+ Senator the Hon 6im 5ohn <Minister for )nno%ation( )ndustry( +cience and 0= 0esearch) Chapman+ Senator Hedle/ )rant Pearson SA LP )round Floor+ Telstra 9:L:130 A<00 -uilding+ 39 Pirie Street+ Adelaide SA ;999 >)P$ -ox 1888+ 0: Colbeck+ Senator the Hon !ichard TAS LP Adelaide SA ;990@ ;D= -est Street+ >P$ -ox <93+ 0A Conro/+ Senator the Hon 2"C ALP 93L<818 ;A<9 <fa>) 9:L:130 <;3< <fa>) 2"C ALP <1 L/gon Street+ Carlton South 2"C 39;3 93L<118 8911 0399 390 ;31 <toll free) 93L<118 8939 <fa>) 93L<188 :;33 0399 038 8<: <toll free) 93L<188 :;10 <fa>) 91LA1;0 8:33 0399 390 =3< 91LA1;0 <9:= <fa>) 93LA<3A 1=A: 93LA<3A 309A <fa>)

>)P$ -ox 3<+ S/dne/ <toll free)

%evonport TAS =309 93L<813 ;188 %evonport TAS =309@ Suite 0-+ 8A8 High 93LA89: 90A9

Stephen <Minister for Broadband( .ommunications and the -igital Economy and -eputy 1eader of the Go%ernment in the +enate) 19 Coonan+ Senator the Hon Helen #S. LP

Street+ pping 2"C 39=< '%C 39=<@ Level 8+ 8 Treasur/

0399 030 ;8< <toll free@ <fa>) 93LA<;9 00::

>P$ -ox 09<=+ pping 93LA89: 90A8

Place+ 'elbourne 2"C 93LA<;9 31;0 3991 <fa>) Level =+ Angel Place+ 91LA113 83:: 013 Pitt Street+ S/dne/ #S. 1999 >)P$ -ox 3;03+ S/dne/ #S. 1990@ Level 3:+ xchange Pla,a+ 1 The splanade+ Perth .A <999 .A <:3:@ 1; Chung .ah Terrace+ Palmerston #T 9:39 >P$ -ox A8<+ 91LA113 83AA <fa>)

10

Cormann+ Senator 'athias

.A

LP

9:LA31; 811= 0399 390 =1: <toll free) 9:LA31; <:;=

>)P$ -ox -;:+ Perth <fa>) 11 Crossin+ Senator Patricia 'argaret >Trish@ #T ALP 9:L:A30 9:39 0399 390 =03 <toll free) 9:L:A30 9;03

13

ggleston+ Senator Alan

.A

LP

Palmerston #T 9:30@ <fa>) 1< Charles Street+ 9:LA3<: <<33 South Perth .A <0;0 0399 390 :8; >P$ -ox A:8+ South Perth .A <A;0@ <toll free) 9:LA3<: <<AA <fa>) 9:LA31: 3<:: <toll free) <fa>)

18

llison+ Senator the Hon Christopher 'artin <Manager of Fpposition Business in the +enate)

.A

LP

:A Aberdeen Street+ >P$ -ox 083+

#orthbridge .A <993 0399 390 :8< #orthbridge .A <:<;@ 9:LA31: 3A99

1;

vans+ Senator the Hon Christopher 2aughan <Minister for )mmigration and .itiEenship and 1eader of the Go%ernment in the +enate) Faulkner+ Senator the Hon 5ohn Philip <+pecial Minister of +tate( .abinet +ecretary and =ice* ,resident of the E>ecuti%e .ouncil) Ferguson+ Senator the Hon Alan -aird <,resident)

.A

ALP

8: 2entnor Avenue+ >P$ -ox 0311+ .est Perth .A <:=1@

9:LA8:0 8:88 <toll free) 9:LA8:0 8188 <fa>)

.est Perth .A <99; 0399 <;; 3::

1<

#S.

ALP

Suite 0+ 0 Park #S. 198=

91LA=0A :099 <toll free) 91LA=0A :9=: <fa>)

Avenue+ %rummo/ne 0399 390 =;1

1=

SA

LP

Commonwealth Parliament $ffices+ 099 6ing .illiam Street+ Adelaide SA

9:L:13= =0:9 0399 390 <38 <toll free) 9:L:13= =0::

1:

Fielding+ Senator Steve <1eader and 3hip of the 6amily 6irst ,arty)

2"C

FFP

;999 <fa>) 1;; -lackburn !oad+ 93LA:91 0A11 'ount .averle/ 2"C 0399 =3< 90= 308A <toll free) 93LA:91 :13< <fa>) 91L811< 0=99 0399 =3; 1<: <toll free) 91L811< 0=33 <fa>) 93LA;:8 18;; 0399 =A= 009 <toll free) 93LA;:8 :38= <fa>)

1A

FierravantiD.ells+ Senator Concetta Anna

#S.

LP

Level 0+ A9 Crown Street+ .ollongong #S. 1;99 >P$ -ox ::<+ .ollongong #S. 1;19@ 81 Florence Street+ 'entone 2"C 30A8

39

Fifield+ Senator 'itchell Peter >'itch@

2"C

LP

30

Fisher+ Senator 'ar/ 5o

SA

LP

)round Floor+ =; Hindmarsh SBuare+ Adelaide SA ;999

9:L:113 0=;= 0399 :;= 911 <toll free) 9:L:113 0=;9

31

Forshaw+ Senator 'ichael )eorge

#S.

ALP

<fa>) Level 0+ Suite 1+ 33D3; 91LA;8; 3001 -elmont Street+ >P$ -ox 09<=+ Sutherland #S. 08AA@ Suite =93+ .estfield Towers+ 099 .illiam Street+ S/dne/ #S. 1900 0399 390 =:0 91LA;8; 300A <fa>) 91LA3;= 1<99 0399 390 =A< <toll free) 91LA3;= 1:99 <fa>) 9=L3:83 89<< 9=L3:83 89== <fa>) Sutherland #S. 1131 <toll free)

33

Heffernan+ Senator the Hon #S. .illiam >-ill@

LP

38

Hogg+ Senator 5ohn 5oseph CL% <-eputy ,resident and .hairman of .ommittees)

ALP

:=< $ld Cleveland !oad+ Carina CL% 80;1 >P$ -ox <0;+ Carina CL% 80;1@ Shop -01+ Canberra Canberra ACT 1<99 Commonwealth Parliament $ffices+ Level 03+ 099 6ing .illiam Street+

3;

Humphries+ Senator )ar/

ACT

LP

91L<18= <888 <fa>@ 9:L:031 09=1 0399 390 3A8 <toll free) 9:L:030 9=A8

Centre+ -unda Street+ 91L<1;= 8089 3< Hurle/+ Senator Annette SA ALP

3=

Hutchins+ Senator Steve

#S.

ALP

Adelaide SA ;999 <fa>) Suite 3+ Level 0+ 1A0D 91L8=11 ;089 1A; High Street+ Penrith #S. 1=;0 >P$ -ox =3=+ Penrith 91L8=11 ;0<9 <fa>)

3:

5ohnston+ Senator the Hon %avid Albert Llo/d

.A

LP

#S. 1=;0@ 0:3 )reat astern

9:LA8=: 19:: >fax@ 9=L8<1; 0;99 0399 <<: 03; <toll free) 9=L8<1; 0;00

Highwa/+ -elmont .A 9:LA8=: 0=8< CL% <098 #ATS A9 The Terrace+ St )eorge+ CL% 88:= >P$ -ox <1:+ St )eorge CL% 88:=@

3A

5o/ce+ Senator -arnab/

89

6emp+ Senator the Hon !od 2"C

LP

<fa>) 01 Pascoe 2ale !oad+ 93LA31< 09:: 'oonee Ponds 2"C 393A Ponds 2"C 393A@ &nit 3+ <A Fullarton ;9<= >P$ -ox =;3+ 6ent Town SA ;9=0@ ; Tull/ !oad+ ast Perth .A <998 93LA3=9 A019 <fa>) <toll free) 9:L:830 0=;; <toll free) 9:L:830 0<11 <fa>) 9:LA110 :A;; 0399 390 :;0 <toll free) 9:LA110 :A<< <fa>) 9=L3:98 <911 0399 390 A88 <toll free) 9=L3:98 <933 <fa>)

>P$ -ox ;;<+ 'oonee 0399 030 =3A 80 6irk+ Senator Linda 5ean SA ALP

!oad+ 6ent Town SA 0399 390 <3A

81

Lightfoot+ Senator Philip !oss

.A

LP

83

Ludwig+ Senator the Hon 5oseph .illiam <Minister for @uman +er%ices and Manager of Go%ernment Business in the +enate)

CL%

ALP

Shop 0+ -eenleigh 'arket Place Shopping Centre+ )eorge Street+ -eenleigh Cld 819= >P$ -ox <A1+

88

Lund/+ Senator 6ate

ACT

ALP

-eenleigh CL% 819=@ &nit A+ )round Floor+ 91L<139 9800 Law Societ/ -uilding+ 91L<139 9803 00 London Circuit+ <fa>)

8;

'acdonald+ Senator the Hon CL% "an %ouglas

LP

Canberra ACT 1<90 Level 0+ 030 %enham 9=L8==0 39<< Street+ Townsville CL% 8:09 >P$ -ox 10:;+ 0399 390 A8A <toll free) 9=L8==0 3800

8<

'acdonald+ Senator the Hon #S. 5ohn Alexander Lindsa/ >Sand/@

Townsville CL% 8:09@ <fa>) #ATS 8<= Peel Street+ 91L<=<< <AA: Tamworth #S. 1389 91L<=<< <A<< >P$ -ox 0=:9+ 0399 390 :0< 91L<=<< 80<A Tamworth #S. 1389@ <toll free) <fa>) 9:L:3;1 =8== <toll free) 9:L:138 00<;

8=

'c wen+ Senator Anne

SA

ALP

)round Floor+ 090 'ile nd SA ;930 >P$ -ox ;;+ ;930@ Suite 0=+ Collins Place+ 8; Collins Street+

Henle/ -each !oad+ 0399 ::A 8==

Torrensville Pla,a SA <fa>) 8: 'c)auran+ Senator 5ulian 5ohn 5ames 2"C LP 93LA<;9 3<11 0399 030 =8< <toll free) <fa>) 9=L8930 <99A 0399 390 A;A 9=L8930 <0<= <fa>)

'elbourne 2"C 3999 93LA<;9 3;<; 8A 'cLucas+ Senator the Hon 5an li,abeth <,arliamentary +ecretary to the Minister for @ealth and Ageing) CL% ALP 'ac%onnells Solicitors -uilding+ Streets+ Cairns CL% 8:=9 >P$ -ox 1=33+ Cairns ;9 'arshall+ Senator )avin 'ark ;0 'ason+ Senator the Hon CL% LP 2"C ALP CL% 8:=9@ 3=< 2ictoria Street 93LA38: A<AA >fax@ 9=L3811 0AA9

Cnr Shields P )rafton <toll free)

#orth 'elbourne 39;0 93LA38: A:3= 10<< Logan !oad+

-rett 5ohn

&pper 'ount )ravatt 0399 390 A;1 CL% 8011 <toll free) 9=L3811 0AA0

;1

'ilne+ Senator Christine

TAS

A)

<fa>) Level 0+ 'urra/ Street 93L<118 ::AA Pier+ 'urra/ Street Hobart TAS =999 >)P$ -ox :A<+ Hobart TAS =990@ 3< )renfell Street+ 6ent Town SA ;9<= >P$ -ox 1080+ 6ent Town SA ;9=0@ 0399 030 =19 <toll free) 93L<118 =;AA <fa>) 9:L:3<1 :<99 0399 390 <8=<toll free) 9:L:3<1 :;=A <fa>) 9=L3::0 3=09 9=L3::0 3=;;

;3

'inchin+ Senator the Hon #icholas Hugh <1eader of the Fpposition in the +enate)

SA

LP

;8

'oore+ Senator Claire 'ar/ CL%

ALP

Suite 0+ Crossroads+ 8=9 )/mpie !oad+ >P$ -ox 118<+

Strathpine CL% 8;99 <fa>) Strathpine CL% 8;99@ ;0 $rd Street+ .est 9:LA8:0 08;; Perth .A <99; 0399 390 :;3 <toll free) 9:LA8:0 0<=A ;< #ash+ Senator Fiona <The Nationals 3hip in the ;= +enate) #ettle+ Senator 6err/ 'ichelle #S. A) #S. <fa>) #ATS =A 'ain Street+ (oung 91L<3:1 3899 #S. 1;A8 )round Floor+ 000D 00= %evonshire Street+ ;: $K-rien+ Senator 6err/ <Go%ernment 3hip) TAS ALP 91L<3:1 38AA <fa>) 91LA<A9 193: 91LA<A9 1980 >fax@

;;

'urra/+ Senator Andrew 5ames 'arshall

.A

A%

Surr/ Hills #S. 1909 88 Charles Street+ 93L<338 A3<< Launceston TAS =1;9 93L<338 A3<A >P$ -ox 00A3+ <fa>)

Launceston TAS ;A Parr/+ Senator Stephen <Fpposition 3hip) TAS LP =1;9@ Level 1+ Harris -uilding+ 8A Cattle/ Street -urnie TAS =319 <9 Patterson+ Senator the Hon 6a/ Christine Lesle/ 2"C LP Shop 3+ 09D89 -urwood Highwa/+ -urwood ast 2"C 30;0 <0 Pa/ne+ Senator 'arise Ann #S. LP 1D01 'acBuarie Street+ Parramatta #S. 10;9 >P$ -ox CC0:+ Parramatta #S. <1 Polle/+ Senator Helen TAS ALP 1013@ <A 'argaret Street 93L<330 1;AA <toll free) >P$ -ox 0113+ Launceston TAS <3 !a/+ Senator !obert Francis 2"C ALP =1;9@ Suite 3+ Level 1+ "lloura Pla,a+ 818 St 6ilda !oad+ <8?? !onaldson+ Senator the Hon 2"C 'ichael <; Scullion+ Senator the Hon #igel )regor/ #T CLP LP 93L<330 1;:: <fa>) 93LA:98 ;<39 93LA:98 ;<3: <fa>) 93L<830 =899 0399 =<9 =:: <toll free) 93L<830 =8;; <fa>) 93LA::: 99A0 0399 031 30= <toll free) 93LA::: 909= <fa>) 91LA:A3 ;0;0 91LA:A3 ;0;9 <fa>)

Launceston TAS =1;9 0399 038 A13

'elbourne 2"C 3998 Level 09+ 0 Spring 93LA<;9 91;; Street+ 'elbourne 2"C 93LA<;9 A930 3999 <fa>) &nit 0+ 11A 'c'illans 9:L:A8: 3;;; !oad+ 5ingili #T 9:09 9:L:A8: 3;88

<1eader of The Nationals in << the +enate) Sherr/+ Senator the Hon #ick <Minister for +uperannuation and .orporate 1aw) <= Siewert+ Senator !achel <Australian Greens 3hip) .A A) TAS ALP 13 Stewart Street+ >P$ -ox :;:+

<fa>) 93L<818 :180 <toll free) <fa>) 9:LA11: 31== 0399 ::0 10: <fa>) 91L8:11 :0;; <toll free) <fa>)

%evonport TAS =309 0399 03; 8A: %evonport TAS =309@ 93L<818 :;;; &nit 0+ 0;0 -risbane Street+

#orthbridge+ .A <993 9:LA11: 89;; <: Stephens+ Senator the Hon &rsula <,arliamentary +ecretary for +ocial )nclusion and the =oluntary +ector and ,arliamentary +ecretary Assisting the ,rime Minister for +ocial )nclusion) <A?? Sterle+ Senator )lenn .A ALP <a 'arket Cit/+ 1:9 !anford !oad+ Canning 2ale .A <0;; Cit/+ 1:9 -annister !oad Canning 2ale .A =9 Stott %espo4a+ Senator #atasha 5essica SA A% <0;;@ 101 )renfell Street+ Adelaide SA ;999 'all SA ;999@ Level A+ <90 -ourke 9:L:131 =;A; 9:L:131 =<90 9:LA8;; 0819 0399 <<< 8A8 >toll free@ 9:LA8;; 0810 #S. ALP A0 -ourke Street+ >P$ -ox 0001+

)oulburn #S. 1;:9 0399 390 A:= )oulburn #S. 1;:9@ 91L8:11 :0;<

>'ailpoint 11+ 'arket >fa>@

>P$ -ox 380A+ !undle <fa>) =0 Troeth+ Senator the Hon 2"C LP 93LA<08 81<<

5udith 'ar/

Street 'elbourne 2ic 0399 031 8=; 3999 <toll free) 93LA<08 9A88<fa>) 9=L33=1 8;;; 0399 <<= :13 <toll free) <fa>) 93L<330 8;88 >fa>)

=1

Trood+ Senator !ussell

CL%

LP

1;; Forest Lake -oulevard+ Forest Lake CL% 89=: Lake CL% 89=:@ 8< St 5ohn Street+ >P$ -ox <<1+ Launceston TAS =1;9@ &nit 0+ .oodvale Shopping Centre+ 0;3 Trappers %rive+

>P$ -ox 8981+ Forest 9=L33=1 8;88 =3 .atson+ Senator 5ohn $din TAS .entworth LP

Launceston TAS =1;9 93L<330 ;:<A

=8

.ebber+ Senator !uth Stephanie <-eputy Go%ernment 3hip)

.A

ALP

9:LA89A A;AA 9:LA89A A3:: >fax@

=;

.ong+ Senator the Hon Penn/ <Minister for .limate .hange and 3ater)

SA

ALP

.oodvale .A <91< :0 Carrington Street+ 9:L:113 33:: Adelaide SA ;999 Street+ Adelaide SA 0399 390 <A: 9:L:113 ;;:: >fax@ 9:L:1<A <;19 <toll free) 9:L:1<A <=;9 >P$ -ox <13=+ Halifax <toll free) ;999@ <; .alkerville ;9:0 >P$ - ox ;13+

=<

.ortle/+ Senator %ana <-eputy Go%ernment 3hip)

SA

ALP

Terrace+ )ilberton SA 0399 <<= 9;;

.alkerville SA ;9:0@ <fa>)

A-JAustralian -emocrats( AGJAustralian Greens( A1,JAustralian 1abor ,arty( .1,J.ountry 1iberal ,arty( 66,J6amily 6irst ,arty( 1,J1iberal ,arty of Australia( NAT+JThe Nationals

$fficers of the senate ,resident -eputy ,resident and .hair of .ommittees .lerk of the +enate -eputy .lerk of the +enate .lerk Assistant <.ommittees) .lerk Assistant <,rocedure) .lerk Assistant <Table) 8sher of the Black 0od Senator the Hon Alan Ferguson Senator 5ohn Hogg 'r Harr/ vans %r !osemar/ Laing 's 'aureen .eeks 'r Cleaver lliott 'r !ichard P/e 's Andrea )riffiths

Te#ep&o*e 91L<1== 3399 91L<1== 3;8; 91L<1== 33;9 91L<1== 33<9 91L<1== 33=0 91L<1== 33:9 91L<1== 3919 91L<1== 33A:

Fa'!i,i#e 91L<1== 309: 91L<1== 3;=: 91L<1== 30AA 91L<1== 30AA 91L<1== 30AA 91L<1== 31:A 91L<1== 39A: 91L<1== 30AA

Depar",e*" o par#ia,e*"ar1 !er;i'e! Acting +ecretary 'r %avid 6enn/ 91L<1== ;;33 91L<1== ;80=

)ates o+ EBpiry o+ Senators5 Ter*s o+ Ser2ice S"a"e A8 7u*e -889 Se*a"or NSW Coonan+ H* Par"1 LP A8 7u*e -844 Se*a"or Heffernan+ .*%* Stephens+ &* ALP Hutchins+ S*P* 'acdonald+ S* #ATS FierravantiD .ells+ C* LP ALP Par"1 LP TAS S"a"e A8 7u*e -889 Se*a"or -ushb/+ %*C* Z;[ -rown+ C* L* Z<[ .atson+ 5* Sherr/+ #* LP ALP -arnett+ )* Polle/+ H* ALP $K-rien+ 6* Par"1 LP A8 7u*e -844 Se*a"or Abet,+ *

Pa

LP

AL

LP

AL

Campbell+ )* Pa/ne+ '*A* #ettle+ 6*'*

ALP LP A)

Faulkner+ 5*P* #ash+ F* Forshaw+ '*)*

ALP #ATS ALP

-rown+ -* Colbeck+ !*

A) LP

Parr/+ S* 'ilne+ C*

LP

A)

)LD

'acdonald+ "*%* Hogg+ 5*5*

LP

'ason+ -*5*

LP

VIC

Fifield+ ' Z=[

LP

!onaldson+ '*

LP

ALP

'cLucas+ 5* *

ALP

!a/+ !*F* 6emp+ !*

ALP LP

Carr+ 6* 'c)auran+ 5*

AL

LP

-o/ce+ S Z0[

LP

-randis+ )*H*

LP 'arshall+ ALP )* Patterson+ #ATS LP 6*C*L* Allison+ L* A% LP ALP

Conro/+ S*

AL

'oore+ C*

ALP

Ludwig+ 5*.*

Troeth+ 5*

LP

-artlett+ A* -oswell+ !*L*%* SA -ernardi+ C Z1[ .ong+ P*

A% #ATS

5o/ce+ -* Trood+ !*

Fielding+ S*

FF

LP

'inchin+ #*

LP

WA

ggleston+ A*

LP

llison+ C*

LP

ALP

'c wen+ A*

ALP

-ishop+ '* 5ohnston+ %* .ebber+

ALP LP

vans+ C* Cormann+ '* Z:[

AL

LP

-irmingham+ S*5* Z3[ 6irk+ L* Chapman+ H*)*P* Stott %espo4a+ #*

LP

Fisher+ '*5* LP Z8[

ALP

Sterle+ )*

AL

ALP LP

Hurle/+ A* Ferguson+ A*

ALP LP

!* Lightfoot+ !* LP Adams+ 5*

LP

A%

.ortle/+ %*

ALP

'urra/+ A*

A%

Siewert+ !*

A)

Pursuant to section 81 of the .ommonwealth Electoral Act &4&C+ the terms of service of the following senators representing the Australian Capital Territor/ and the #orthern Territor/ expire at the close of the da/ immediatel/ before the polling da/ for the next general election of members of the House of !epresentatives* Terri"or1 Au!"ra#ia* Capi"a# Terri"or1 Nor"&er* Terri"or1 Se*a"or Lund/+ 6* Scullion+ #* )* Par"1 ALP CLP Se*a"or Humphries+ )* Crossin+ P*'* Par"1 LP ALP

Part/ !epresentation H A% 8J A) 8J ALP 1:J FFP 0J LP 38J #ATSLCLP ; Z0[ Chosen b/ the Parliament of Cueensland to fill a casual vacanc/ >vice S* Santoro+ resigned 00*8*9=@+ pursuant to section 0; of the Constitution+ 0A*8*9=J sworn in :*;*9=* Z1[ Chosen b/ the Parliament of South Australia to be fill a casual vacanc/ >vice !* Hill+ resigned 0;*3*9<@+ pursuant to section 0; of the Constitution+ 8*;*9<J sworn in A*;*9<* Z3[ Chosen b/ the Parliament of South Australia to fill a casual vacanc/ >vice 5* Ferris+ died in office 1*8*9=@+ pursuant to section 0; of the Constitution+ 3*;*9=J sworn in :*;*9=* Z8[ Chosen b/ the Parliament of South Australia to be fill a casual vacanc/ >vice A* 2anstone+ resigned 1<*8*9=@+ pursuant to section 0; of the Constitution+ <*<*9=J sworn in 01*<*9=* Z;[ Chosen b/ the Parliament of Tasmania to fill a casual vacanc/ >vice P* Calvert+ resigned 1A*:*9=@+ pursuant to section 0; of the Constitution+ 39*:*9=J sworn in 09*A*9=* Z<[ Chosen b/ the Parliament of Tasmania to fill a casual vacanc/ >vice S* 'acka/+ resigned 1A*=*9;@+ pursuant to section 0; of the Constitution+ 1;*:*9;J sworn in ;*A*9;* Z=[ Chosen b/ the Parliament of 2ictoria to fill a casual vacanc/ >vice !* Alston+ resigned 09*1*98@+ pursuant to section 0; of the Constitution+ 30*3*98J sworn in 0*8*98*

Z:[ Chosen b/ the Parliament of .estern Australia to fill a casual vacanc/ >vice "* Campbell+ resigned 30*;*9=@+ pursuant to section 0; of the Constitution+ 0A*<*9=J sworn in 19*<*9=*

+tate and party representation in the +enate S"a"e or Terri"or1 Au!"ra#ia* Capi"a# Terri"or1 Ne% Sou"& Wa#e! Nor"&er* Terri"or1 )uee*!#a*+ Sou"& Au!"ra#ia Ta!,a*ia Vi'"oria We!"er* Au!"ra#ia AD AG ALP FFP LP NATSNCLP TOTAL ** ** 0 ** 0 ** 1 ** ** 0 0 ** 0 0 B 0 ** ** ** 1 ** 0 B ; 0 8 ; 8 8 8 -9 ** ** ** ** ** 0 ** 4 8 ** ; < < < < AB 1 0 1 ** ** ** ** 5 01 1 00 01 01 01 01 ?0

+enatorsH parliament house telephone K facsimile numbers SENATOR A2e"F+ Hon A+a,!+ 5 A##i!o*+ L =ar*e""+ ) =ar"#e""+ A PHONE 91L<1== 390A 91L<1== 3<8< 91L<1== 39=< 91L<1== 3<93 91L<1== FAJ 91L<1== ;=9= 91L<1== ;==8 91L<1== 313; 91L<1== 3<99 91L<1== SENATOR 7o1'e+ <e,p+ Hon ! <ir3+ L Lig&" oo"+ ! Lu+%ig+ Hon 5 PHONE 91L<1== 3<A= 91L<1== 3;=3 91L<1== 3:88 91L<1== 3<1< 91L<1== FAJ 91L<1== ;=:1 91L<1== ;A0= 91L<1== 3010 91L<1== ;:1; 91L<1=3

=er*ar+i+ C =ir,i*g&a,+ S =i!&op+ ' =o!%e##+ Hon ! =o1'e+ S =ra*+i!+ Hon ) =ro%*+ =ro%*+ C =u!&21+ % Ca,p2e##+ ) Carr+ Hon 6 C&ap,a*+ ) Co#2e'3+ Hon ! Co*ro1+ Hon S Coo*a*+ Hon H Cor,a**+ ' Cro!!i*+ T

389< 91L<1== 31=: 91L<1== 30A: 91L<1== 3090 91L<1== 398< 91L<1== 30:: 91L<1== 30<3 91L<1== 30=9 91L<1== 333< 91L<1== 31:0 91L<1== 313: 91L<1== =;:9 91L<1== 3<39 91L<1== ;:08 91L<1== =8:9 91L<1== 3198 91L<1== 38;= 91L<1==

39:= 91L<1== ;=:3 91L<1== ;A:1 91L<1== 3013 91L<1== ;=18 91L<1== ;A13 91L<1== ;=39 91L<1== 30:; 91L<1== 3<<9 91L<1== ;=:= 91L<1== ;==0 91L<1=3 8098 91L<1== 3:=3 91L<1== ;:13 91L<1=3 80;8 91L<1== ;=;; 91L<1== ;A1: 91L<1==

Lu*+1+ 6 Ma'+o*a#++ Hon " Ma'+o*a#++ Hon S M'E%e*+ A M'Gaura*+ 5 M'Lu'a!+ Hon 5 Mar!&a##+ ) Ma!o*+ Hon Mi#*e+ C Mi*'&i*+ Hon # Moore+ C*'* Murra1+ A Na!&+ F Ne""#e+ 6* O'=rie*+ Hon 6 Parr1+ S Pa""er!o*+ Hon

=199 91L<1== 3338 91L<1== 3=11 91L<1== 3=9; 91L<1== 33:: 91L<1== 3<<8 91L<1== 3<:9 91L<1== 3:1; 91L<1== 3=;< 91L<1== 39<3 91L<1== 3998 91L<1== 388= 91L<1== 3=9A 91L<1== 39=; 91L<1== 3;90 91L<1== 3838 91L<1== 3898 91L<1==

889< 91L<1== 3::8 91L<1== ;A08 91L<1== 318= 91L<1== 39<1 91L<1== 311; 91L<1== ;=10 91L<1== 3:1A 91L<1== ;=1; 91L<1== ;=19 91L<1== ;=93 91L<1== 388A 91L<1== 3=<= 91L<1== ;=81 91L<1== ;=0< 91L<1== 381; 91L<1== 3893 91L<1==

Egg#e!"o*+ A E##i!o*+ Hon C E;a*!+ Hon C Fau#3*er+ Hon 5 Fergu!o*+ Hon A Fie#+i*g+ S Fierra;a*"i-We##!+ C Fi ie#++ ' Fi!&er+ ' 5 For!&a%+ ' He er*a*+ Hon Hogg+ 5 Hu,p&rie!+ ) Hur#e1+ A Hu"'&i*!+ S 7o&*!"o*+ Hon %

3=== 91L<1== 389= 91L<1== 3110 91L<1== =:<9 91L<1== =<99 91L<1== 3399 91L<1== 3=00 91L<1== 338; 91L<1== 3<<< 91L<1== 3;<0 91L<1== 3:9; 91L<1== 3<09 91L<1== 3;8; 91L<1== 388< 91L<1== 3=0; 91L<1== 39A; 91L<1== 3111

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01*91*199:

SE&AT43S 3ETI3I&G C8 D6&E <888 Na,e A##i!o*: Senator L/n =ar"#e"": Senator Andrew Ca,p2e##: Senator )eorge C&ap,a*: Senator )rant <e,p: Senator the Hon !od <ir3: Senator Linda Lig&" oo": Senator !oss Ma'+o*a#+: Senator the Hon Sand/ Murra1: Senator Andrew Ne""#e: Senator 6err/ Pa""er!o*: Senator the Hon 6a/ Ra1: Senator !obert S"o"" De!po>a: Senator #atasha Wa"!o*: Senator 5ohn We22er: Senator !uth S"a"e 2"C CL% #S. SA 2"C SA .A #S. .A #S. 2"C 2"C SA TAS .A Par"1 A% A% ALP LP LP ALP LP #ATS A% A) LP ALP A% LP ALP

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Pra"": Louise .A ALP R1a*: Scott 2"C LP Wi##ia,!: 5ohn #S. #ATS Je*op&o*: #ick SA "#% >Address for mailing purposesH cLD -lack !odKs $ffice+ Parliament House+ Canberra ACT 1<99@ Part/ !epresentation from 0 5ul/ 199:H A) ;J ALP 31J FF 0J "#% 0J LP 31J #ATSLCLP ; AGJAustralian Greens( A1,JAustralian 1abor ,arty( .1,J.ountry 1iberal ,arty( 66,J6amily 6irst ,arty( 1,J1iberal ,arty of Australia( NAT+JThe Nationals. $Par#ia,e*" o Au!"ra#ia Se*a"e( -889.( Figure 14 - Li!" o Se*a"or!
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Se*a"e O i'e&o#+er! ,resident# Senator the Hon* A Ferguson -eputy ,resident and .hair of .ommittees# Senator 5 Hogg Temporary .hairs of .ommittees# Senators -arnett+ -artlett+ -ishop+ C -rown+ Chapman+ Forshaw+ Hutchins+ 6irk+ Lightfoot+ S 'acdonald+ 'c wen+ 'arshall+ 'oore+ 'urra/+ Troeth and .atson 1eader of the Go%ernment in the +enate# Senator the Hon* C vans -eputy 1eader of the Go%ernment in the +enate# Senator the Hon* S Conro/ Manager of Go%ernment Business in the +enate# Senator the Hon* 5 Ludwig 1eader of the Fpposition in the +enate# Senator the Hon* # 'inchin -eputy 1eader of the Fpposition in the +enate# Senator the Hon* Abet, Manager of Fpposition Business in the +enate# Senator the Hon* C llison 'inisterial !epresentation P Senate $fficeholders in the Senate 81nd Parliament g 03 Februar/ 199: g The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia W&ip! Go%ernment# Senator 6 $K-rien -eputy Go%ernment# Senators ! .ebber and % .ortle/ Fpposition# Senator S Parr/ -eputy Fpposition# Senator 5 Adams The Nationals# Senator F #ash Australian -emocrats# Senator A -artlett Australian Greens# Senator ! Siewert 6amily 6irst ,arty# Senator S Fielding O i'er! o "&e Se*a"e Clerk of the Senate 'r Harr/ vans %eput/ Clerk of the Senate %r !osemar/ Laing Clerk Assistant >Committees@ 's 'aureen .eeks Clerk Assistant >Procedure@ 'r Cleaver lliott
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Clerk Assistant >Table@ 'r !ichard P/e &sher of the -lack !od 's Andrea )riffiths Se*a"or! i* "&e C&a,2er "f the Senators of /our State or Territor/ are not present in the Chamber while the Senate is sitting+ it is likel/ that the/ are listening to the debate in their offices or attending to their parliamentar/ work elsewhere in the building* %ut/ rosters are drawn up for seats occupied b/ the President+ Chairman of Committees+ 'inisters+ Shadow 'inisters and .hips+ so that at all times when the Senate is sitting there are Senators Kon dut/K in these positions to ensure that the business of the Senate proceeds* S"a"e a*+ Par"1 Repre!e*"a"io* i* "&e Se*a"e S"a"e AD AG ALP FFP LP NATSN TOTAL or CLP Terri"or1 ACT ** ** 0 ** 0 ** 1 #S. ** 0 ; ** 8 1 01 #T ** ** 0 ** ** 0 1 Cld 0 ** 8 ** ; 1 01 SA 0 ** ; ** < ** 01 Tas ** 1 8 ** < ** 01 2ic 0 ** 8 0 < ** 01 .A 0 0 8 ** < ** 01 8 8 1: 0 38 ; =< Se*a"e Par"1 Lea+er! 1eader of the Australian 1abor ,arty# Senator the Hon* C vans 1eader of the 1iberal ,arty# Senator the Hon* # 'inchin 1eader of The Nationals# Senator the Hon* # Scullion 1eader of the Australian -emocrats# Senator L Allison 1eader of the Australian Greens# Senator - -rown

1eader of the 6amily 6irst ,arty# Senator S Fielding Mi*i!"eria# Repre!e*"a"io* Mi*i!"er! Repre!e*"i*g Senator the Hon* Christopher vans >Chris@ Minister for )mmigration and .itiEenship 1eader of the Go%ernment in the +enate Prime 'inister 'inister for Families+ Housing+ Communit/ Services and "ndigenous Affairs 'inister for Housing 'inister for Sport Senator the Hon* 5ohn Faulkner +pecial Minister of +tate .abinet +ecretary =ice*,resident of the E>ecuti%e .ouncil 'inister for Trade 'inister for Foreign Affairs 'inister for %efence 'inister for 2eteransK Affairs 'inister for %efence Science and Personnel Senator the Hon* Stephen Conro/ Minister for Broadband( .ommunications and the -igital Economy -eputy 1eader of the Go%ernment in the +enate Treasurer 'inister for "nfrastructure+ Transport+ !egional %evelopment and Local )overnment Assistant Treasurer Senator the Hon* 6im Carr Minister for )nno%ation( )ndustry( +cience and 0esearch

'inister for ducation 'inister for !esources and nerg/ 'inister for Small -usiness+ "ndependent Contractors and the Services conom/ Senator the Hon* Penelope .ong >Penn/@ Minister for .limate .hange and 3ater 'inister for mplo/ment and .orkplace !elations 'inister for Social "nclusion 'inister for the nvironment+ Heritage and the Arts 'inister for the Status of .omen 'inister for mplo/ment Participation 'inister for (outh Senator the Hon* 5oseph Ludwig >5oe@ Minister for @uman +er%ices Manager of Go%ernment Business in the +enate 'inister for Health and Ageing Attorne/D)eneral 'inister for Home Affairs 'inister for Ageing Senator the Hon* #icholas Sherr/ >#ick@ Minister for +uperannuation and .orporate 1aw 'inister for Finance and %eregulation 'inister for Agriculture+ Fisheries and Forestr/ 'inister for Tourism 'inister for Competition Polic/ and Consumer Affairs Par#ia,e*"ar1 Se're"arie! Senator the Hon* &rsula Stephens ,arliamentary +ecretary for +ocial )nclusion and the =oluntary +ector ,arliamentary +ecretary Assisting the ,rime Minister for +ocial )nclusion

Senator the Hon* 5an 'cLucas ,arliamentary +ecretary to the Minister for @ealth and Ageing

O Foreig* Po#i'1G

#hartin; A stralia5s 3e;ional = t re, The Ehite !aper on =orei;n and Trade !olicy

PART ONE6 A+;a*'i*g Au!"ra#ia'! Na"io*a# I*"ere!"! 4(4 Ge""i*g Our Priori"ie! Rig&" The .hite Paper makes some ver/ important 4udgements about the world in which Australia will be operating* "t brings together ever/thing that the )overnment has been doing in foreign and trade polic/ since 'arch last /ear+ and charts the wa/ ahead for AustraliaKs place in the region and the world in the 10st Centur/* 'ost importantl/+ the .hite Paper identifies globalisation and the rise of ast Asia as the two most profound trends in the international environment to which AustraliaKs foreign and trade policies must adapt and respond over the next fifteen /ears* )lobalisation offers huge opportunities for internationall/ competitive economies+ but also brings in its wake challenges for political and economic management* "t has profound implications for trade polic/* "t blurs the division between foreign and domestic polic/* "t increases competitive pressures in markets+ and makes globall/Dbased trade rules and disciplines even more important* The .hite PaperKs 4udgement is that economic growth in industrialising Asia will continue at relativel/ high levels over the next fifteen /ears* The .orld -ank forecasts growth for ast Asia >excluding 5apan@ over the next decade at <*: percent+ compared with 1*8 percent for .estern urope and #orth America* All of this means that the countries of Asia will become even more important to Australia as trade and investment partners+ and in securit/ terms* "t also has implications for

AustraliaKs relative standing in the region+ and significant conseBuences for the broader relativities of power and influence in the Asia Pacific and be/ond* 4(- De i*i*g Pra'"i'a# a*+ E e'"i;e S"ra"egie! The .hite Paper sets out the broad framework for Australia to meet these challenges effectivel/* "t contains elements both of change and of continuit/+ and represents a significant rearticulation and rebalancing of Australian foreign and trade polic/* "ts ke/ elements includeH ( a reaffirmation that the Asia Pacific is the )overnmentKs highest foreign and trade polic/ priorit/J ( an emphasis on bilateral relationships as a means of advancing Australian interests* Strong bilateral relationships are not an alternative to regional and global efforts+ but the/ form the basic building block of the )overnmentKs foreign and trade polic/ strategiesJ ( a more selective approach to AustraliaKs involvement in multilateral issues+ concentrating on areas where AustraliaKs national interests are closel/ engagedJ ( a recognition of the contribution that trade liberalisation makes to AustraliaKs standard of living+ and the )overnmentKs commitment to a h4obs foreign and trade polic/KJ ( strong support for practical measures which advance AustraliaKs trade interests including through the .orld Trade $rganisation and the free trade and investment ob4ectives of AP CJ ( the importance of rounded securit/ policies which embrace a strong national defence capabilit/+ the alliance with the &nited States+ expanding bilateral and regional securit/ dialogue+ stronger regional securit/ institutions and support for global regimes against weapons of mass destructionJ and ( the adoption of a hwholeDofDnation frameworkK which recognises that AustraliaKs international competitiveness in a global econom/ will be closel/ linked to a more

flexible labour market+ investment in research and development+ strong education and training s/stems+ good infrastructure and effective savings and taxation policies*

PART TWO6 Au!"ra#ia'! E*+uri*g Co,,i",e*" "o "&e A!ia Pa'i i' -(4 Mar!&a##i*g Au!"ra#ia'! A!!e"! A fundamental message of the .hite Paper is that Australia is committed to the Asia Pacific for the long haul+ and that AustraliaKs highest foreign polic/ priorit/ is to make a lasting contribution to the region* The .hite Paper is our declaration of commitment to our neighbourhood as we begin what surel/ will be the Asia Pacific centur/* "t reflects the weight of Australian interests which are engaged with the Asia PacificH with the regionKs three ma4or powers and largest economies D the &nited States+ 5apan and China D and with our largest neighbour D "ndonesia* "t reflects the significant Australian interests which are engaged in AustraliaKs relationships with the other AS A# states+ the !epublic of 6orea and #ew Uealand* "t reflects the effort and priorit/ we have attached to AustraliaKs relationship with Papua #ew )uinea and the other island state of the South Pacific* And it reflects the initiatives this )overnment has taken to deepen AustraliaKs ties with South Asia* As a member of the Asia Pacific+ and with one of the most ast AsianDoriented economies in the world+ it makes perfect sense for Australia to build on the foundations which complementar/ economies and geographic proximit/ provide* Australia brings substantial economic+ strategic and cultural assets to its regional and global engagement* The Australian econom/ is bigger in absolute si,e than all in the region to our north except 5apan+ the !$6 and China* Australia has a strong skills base sustained b/ Bualit/ educational and training institutions* Australia has an impressive record of inventiveness and openness to new technolog/ and innovation* "n overall terms+ Australia is ranked :th in the world as a network societ/ hplugged inK to the highD

tech world* That puts us ahead of )erman/ >03th overall@ and 5apan >0<th overall@* $f the 0= Asia Pacific economies+ onl/ the &S and Canada have a higher overall rating than Australia* AustraliaKs man/ cultural assets include a proven capacit/ to change and adapt which is a feature of immigrant cultures+ particularl/ those that value ethnic and cultural diversit/* "n short+ Australia is one of the most sophisticated and modern societies in the region* AustraliaKs uniBue economic and cultural profile makes us particularl/ attractive as a conduit for business between Asia+ urope and #orth America* -ut none of this is to suggest that Australia can afford to be complacent about its future* !ather+ the .hite Paper emphasises that Australia must marshal its considerable and growing assets and bring them to bear on the prosperit/ and securit/ of the world in which we live*

-(- Gro%i*g Regio*a# Tra+i*g Li*3! 6 Crea"i*g Ne% 7o2! or Au!"ra#ia*! T&e I,por"a*'e o E'o*o,i' Li2era#i!a"io* The .hite Paper underlines AustraliaKs accelerating involvement in the economic life of the Asia Pacific+ and the enormous potential to expand our economic ties across the region* "t recognises that the sustaining force behind the Asia PacificKs d/namism is economic liberalisation* conomic liberalisation is the ke/ to a buo/ant trade and investment environment* "t encourages a more efficient allocation of resources and gives recognition to the merits of comparative advantage* -ut+ above all+ it is the best means of sustaining the sort of economic growth that produces new 4obs and improved standards of living for citi,ens in ever/ countr/ of the region* The .hite Paper reinforces the importance of striving for further economic liberalisation at three levels D through bilateral relationships+ AP C and the .orld Trade $rganisation* ach level has an indispensable contribution to make to increasing

AustraliaKs prosperit/+ none offers the onl/ wa/ ahead+ and all three will be needed if Australia is to continue to improve its trade performance* At the bilateral level+ the )overnment has alread/ had a great deal of success in building trust between countries in the region and striking mutuall/ beneficial deals* " want to mention 4ust three of the more recent highlightsH ( The landmark AustraliaD"ndonesia %evelopment Area D or A"%A D was inaugurated successfull/ in 'a/ this /ear* A"%A is all about reducing barriers to business investment in astern "ndonesia so as to bring development for "ndonesia and create 4obs for Australians* ( Agreement was reached earlier this /ear that the Australian and 5apanese Prime 'inisters will hold an annual summit on bilateral and regional issues* This gives us an unprecedented opportunit/ to work with our largest trading partner at Prime 'inisterial level so as to achieve positive economic outcomes for Australian firms and workers* ( "n Februar/ this /ear+ the )overnment gained concrete results from the inaugural AustraliaDThailand 'inisterial conomic Commission meeting held in Canberra* Thai and Australian 'inisters set the goal of doubling AustralianDThai trade+ and doubling our twoDwa/ investment+ b/ the /ear 1999* - A ke/ demonstration of AustraliaKs commitment to this goal was the decision to participate in the T0 billion dollar currenc/ swap as part of the "'FKs package to help the Thai econom/* This was a concrete example of AustraliaKs commitment in action* At the regional level D as the .hite Paper indicates D we have alread/ seen tremendous reductions in trade barriers+ partl/ under the auspices of AP C* AS A#+ in particular+ has cut applied tariffs on a tradeDweighted basis b/ twoDthirds and most recentl/ "ndonesia has announced further cuts* "n the same period+ China has cut its average tariff rate from 3; to 13 per cent+ and will reduce the rate to 0; per cent b/ the /ear 1999* Australia wants to go on contributing to the growth of regional economies as it has now for decades* The .hite Paper argues that D if our region is to continue to grow rapidl/+

and living standards are to rise substantiall/ D governments must continue to push for trade and investment liberalisation* AP C+ of course+ gives us considerable hope that this trend will continue* Last /ear+ AP C economies began implementing their goal of free and open trade and investment b/ 1909 and 1919 for industrialised and developing economies respectivel/* " believe that if AP C can push ahead successfull/ with its farDreaching and comprehensive agenda+ it will make a ver/ practical contribution to sustainable growth in the region* "n the process+ it will nurture a greater sense of regional communit/+ shared values and common interests* -e/ond AP C+ the .hite Paper identifies as a ke/ priorit/ over the next five /ears the need for genuinel/ closer links between C ! >AustraliaKs economic relations agreement with #ew Uealand@ and the AS A# Free Trade Area >AFTA@* %eveloping closer links between AFTA and C ! is about expanding our trade and investment* "t is about looking at wa/s of reducing the costs of doing business+ for example b/ taking steps to simplif/ our customs regulations and procedures and align our technical standards* "t is also about encouraging closer contact between our d/namic business communities* -(A E*&a*'i*g Regio*a# Se'uri"1 T&e Ne% Regio*a# Se'uri"1 E*;iro*,e*" - <e1 S"ra"egie! The .hite PaperKs anal/sis of regional trade and investment patterns D and their wideD ranging implications for 4obs in Australia D is matched b/ its hardDheaded appraisal of the new regional securit/ environment* This appraisal shows that Australia has an historic opportunit/ to help lock in the peace which is underwriting the regionKs extraordinar/ economic growth* The .hite Paper makes it clear that AustraliaKs securit/ means much more than safet/ from direct attack* "t means preserving our nationKs capacit/ for independent decisionD

making* And it means recognising the growing interDrelationship of AustraliaKs securit/ and economic interests with the securit/ and stabilit/ of the Asia Pacific* .hile AustraliaKs strategic environment is shaped b/ developments in the Asia Pacific+ global issues can also have significant securit/ implications for Australia* The risk of global conflict has diminished considerabl/ with the end of the Cold .ar+ but other potential threats remain+ including the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction* The .hite Paper demonstrates that AustraliaKs securit/ interests should not be seen exclusivel/ in terms of potential militar/ threats or regional conflicts* $ver the next fifteen /ears it is likel/ that even more attention will be paid to soDcalled nonDmilitar/ threats such as pandemics+ illegal migration+ refugee flows+ environmental degradation+ narcotics and transnational crime* The .hite PaperKs 4udgement is that the &nited States will continue to see its best interests being served b/ maintaining its strategic engagement in ast Asia+ where it has vital securit/ and economic interests* The .hite Paper also notes that ChinaKs economic growth+ with attendant confidence and enhanced influence+ will be the most important strategic development of the next fifteen /ears* How China manages its economic growth and pursues its international ob4ectives+ and how other nations+ particularl/ the &nited States and 5apan+ respond to China will be crucial issues over this period* The growth in economic and political influence of others in ast Asia+ notabl/ the !epublic of 6orea and "ndonesia+ is also likel/ to affect the d/namics of regional securit/* "n the face of this evolving regional securit/ environment+ the .hite Paper advocates practical strategies for advancing AustraliaKs securit/ interests* These strategies includeH ( maintaining a strong national defence capabilit/J ( the alliance relationship with the &nited StatesJ

( expanding Australian bilateral+ regional and multilateral securit/ links D including through expanded securit/ dialoguesJ ( strengthening Asia PacificDwide regional securit/ institutions+ of which the AS A# !egional Forum >A!F@ is the most significant J and ( working to ensure that the international regimes covering weapons of mass destruction are implemented and+ where necessar/+ strengthened* Au!"ra#ia'! Vi"a# Co*"ri2u"io* "o a More Se'ure Regio* " am pleased to sa/ that the Australian )overnment is alread/ making substantial progress along the polic/ lines and framework advocated b/ the .hite Paper* Last /ear+ Australia gave new vigour to its alliance with the &nited States through the A&S'"# 4oint declaration D known as the S/dne/ %eclaration D the focus of which was ver/ much on the contribution the alliance makes to regional securit/* Australia has also been building a wideDranging set of bilateral linkages which provide the indispensable foundation for pursuing mutuall/ beneficial ob4ectives* Australia has in recent /ears been extending the number of countries with which it has bilateral dialogues on regional securit/ issues* Last /ear we commenced politicalD militar/ talks with 5apan and the !epublic of 6orea and instituted semiDofficial talks with 2ietnam* Last month " announced in 6uala Lumpur four new important securit/ dialogues which Australia will conduct with China+ the Philippines+ Thailand and 2ietnam* These represent a real strengthening of regional securit/ cooperation* The new dialogues will commence over the coming /ear and will involve high level Australian officials from both our foreign and defence ministries* .ith the addition of these new dialogues+ Australia now has bilateral securit/ linkages+ in one form or another+ with most of the countries of the ast AsiaLPacific region*

At the regional level+ Australia strongl/ supports the AS A# !egional Forum* "mportantl/+ the A!F brings together all the countries which have an impact on+ or are involved in+ the securit/ of the Asia Pacific region* Although the A!F is still in its /outh+ it is alread/ starting to achieve some ver/ positive results* The first level of the A!FKs activities D confidenceDbuilding D is maturing as a useful mechanism for developing a sense of shared strategic interest* The .hite Paper emphasises the importance of building regional structures which promote the peaceful resolution of differences and which foster a sense of common interests and shared responsibilit/ for the regionKs future* The Australian )overnment will remain committed to strengthening the web of close relationships which lie at the heart of regional securit/ and stabilit/* PART THREE6 A To#era*" a*+ Di;er!e Au!"ra#ia - Ge""i*g "&e PGoo+ Ne%!' =e""er <*o%* A(4 T&e I,por"a*'e o Au!"ra#ia'! Va#ue! $f course+ advancing AustraliaKs national interests is a task for all Australians and not 4ust their governments* "t demands communication and consultation among governments at all levels+ businesses and the communit/* "f AustraliaKs foreign and trade policies are to succeed the/ must attract the understanding and support of the Australian communit/* The .hite Paper makes it clear that national interests cannot be pursued without regard to the values of the Australian communit/+ including its support for fundamental human rights* Central to these values is an unBualified commitment to racial eBualit/ and to the elimination of racial discrimination* That is wh/ the .hite Paper re4ects racial discrimination absolutel/ and reaffirms AustraliaKs commitment to human rights and sustainable development* The re4ection of racial discrimination is not onl/ a moral issue* "t is fundamental to AustraliaKs acceptance b/+ and engagement with+ the region where its vital securit/ and economic interests lie*

AustraliaKs accelerating engagement with the region is perhaps most clearl/ reflected in the growing peopleDtoDpeople links being established b/ business men and women+ academics and students+ and the media+ including man/ of /ou in the audience toda/* .hatKs more+ Australians in the region are finding that people are receptive to AustraliaKs values+ and our wa/ of communicating and problemDsolving* This ma/ be partl/ because there are man/ people in the Asia Pacific who were themselves educated in Australia at some stage* These are the peopleDtoDpeople ties which perhaps have the most enduring effects+ flowing as the/ do across national borders and down through the generations* The/ are absolutel/ crucial to our understanding of Asia in a new centur/ likel/ to be defined b/ the increased influence of Asian powers* A(- Ge""i*g "&e PGoo+ Ne%!' =e""er <*o%* The .hite Paper is a repudiation of the views of those who believe that AustraliaKs future lies in an inwardDlooking and isolationist posture* AustraliaKs historic transition from being a uropean outpost to becoming one of the most innovative and constructive members of the Asia Pacific region is one which presents great opportunities+ and most Australians recognise that* Australia is home to people of some 039 nationalities* Australia is a remarkabl/ tolerant and diverse countr/ with a growing web of relationships across the Asia Pacific D this is the hgood news stor/K about Australia which deserves to be disseminated more widel/ across our region and be/ond* "t is news which should be taken seriousl/ b/ all those who have the responsibilit/ of reporting on and interpreting AustraliaKs national life and character for a wider audience* The realit/ is that the narrowDminded+ inwardDlooking views of 's Hanson and her supporters represent a small segment of Australian opinion D onl/ about ; per cent of the population* To put it another wa/+ A; per cent of Australians re4ect views which are completel/ out of step with AustraliaKs contemporar/ realit/*

The media D both in Australia and overseas D has an important role to pla/ in putting 's HansonKs views and political status in the right perspective+ and in conve/ing balanced and accurate images of AustraliaKs national life to Australians+ the region and the world* The image portra/ed in recent times of Australia in some overseas publications has been neither accurate nor fair* 's Hanson does not represent Australia* She is not even representative of Australia* And she should not be portra/ed as doing so* Co*'#u!io*6 A Co* i+e*" Au!"ra#ia "n its conclusion+ looking ahead to the new millennium+ the .hite Paper highlights the great strengths that all Australians should draw from their histor/+ traditions and values* "t is clear that Australia has man/ natural endowments+ but it is also the case that+ throughout its histor/+ Australia has had to make its own luck* The successful Australian experience of nationDbuilding is one of growth+ adaptation and social progress+ and it is no less remarkable for being so understated in AustraliaKs national consciousness* "n the challenging period after the Second .orld .ar+ Australia showed that it could adapt to radical changes b/ reshaping the priorities of its foreign polic/ and the focus of its trade* The .hite Paper demonstrates convincingl/ that D in this d/namic period after the Cold .ar D Australia should retain eBual confidence in its capacit/ to grow and adapt* " assure /ou that a clear sense of the national interest+ an understanding of what is important for Australians and confidence in the capacit/ of Australia to shape its future internationall/ will alwa/s define this )overnmentKs approach to foreign and trade polic/ >Charting AustraliaKs !egional Future@ *00:

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W&i"e Paper o* Au!"ra#ia'! O;er!ea! Ai+ Progra, >httpHLLwww*ausaid*gov*auLhottopicsLtopic*cfmQ"%R;930Y:1A9Y<91<Y1;<<Y;0=3@

AustraliaKs overseas aid program aims to help developing countries reduce povert/ and achieve sustainable development in line with AustraliaKs national interest*

The .hite Paper? outlines how the )overnment will approach the pro4ected doubling of AustraliaKs aid budget from its 1998 level to around T8 billion annuall/ b/ 1909+ as announced b/ the Prime 'inister in September 199;* The Australian )overnment will reach out to the region to help lift people out of povert/ throughH accelerating economic growth fostering functioning and effective states

investing in people promoting regional stabilit/ and cooperation*

"t will seek to make Australian aid even more effective through an enhanced program to tackle corruption and the establishment of an $ffice of %evelopment ffectiveness within AustraliaKs overseas aid agenc/ AusA"%* A combination of infrastructure+ health and education initiatives is a ke/ feature of the .hite Paper*Australia will focus on getting more children into school for longer and for a better Bualit/ education*"n addition Australia will spend nearl/ T0*8 billion over the next five /ears on a ma4or Australian Scholarships initiative which will double to 0A+999 the number of education scholarships on offer in the AsiaDPacific region* This will include a new t/pe of scholarship+ Australian Leadership Awards+ which will help future leaders of our partner countries develop and maintain links with Australia* The .hite Paper outlines an approach to increased health assistance which focuses on basic services for women and children and on tackling ma4or diseases such as H"2LA"%S and malaria* To encourage better governance in the region+ Australia will aim over time to allocate up to 09 per cent of the aid program in incentive funding for countries that demonstrate improved performance* Australia will pursue new partnerships in aid through the increased involvement of the broader Australian communit/ including professional groups+ local government+ schools+ business and other organisations* Australia will also untie its aid D removing restrictions to enhance competition and gain better value for mone/ through new aid program contracts* A .hite Paper on the Australian )overnmentFs $verseas Aid Program Australian AidH Promoting )rowth and Stabilit/ e/e'u"iVe !u,,ar1

i*"ro+u'"io* Australian AidH Promoting )rowth and Stabilit/ was instigated b/ the 'inister for Foreign Affairs in 'arch 199; and provides the strategic framework to guide the direction and deliver/ of AustraliaFs overseas aid program over the next ten /ears* The .hite Paper provides a comprehensive account of how the Australian )overnment will approach the doubling of AustraliaFs aid budget to around T8 billion annuall/ b/ 1909+ as announced b/ the Prime 'inister in September 199;* This is the first .hite Paper produced on the Australian aid program and the first time an/ Australian )overnment has announced a multiD/ear increase in aid funding* The .hite Paper underlines the )overnmentFs commitment to povert/ reduction+ sustainable development and progress towards the 'illennium %evelopment )oals >'%)s@* $ver the past 01 months+ there has been extensive domestic and international consultation to guide the .hite PaperFs preparation* Australia has a strong aid program with an international reputation for flexibilit/+ responsiveness and effectiveness* -ut the )overnment is not resting on its laurels* The .hite Paper outlines strategies in which Buestions of aid effectiveness+ strengthened governance and tackling corruption in developing countries are addressed robustl/* Australian taxpa/ers expect no less* AustraliaFs aid program is informed b/ our values as a nation+ such as our commitment to economic and political freedom and our humanitarian spirit+ demonstrated so clearl/ in our response to the 1998 "ndian $cean tsunami* .e also believe in supporting peopleFs selfDreliance b/ building their capacit/ to stand on their own* At the same time+ AustraliaFs peace and securit/ is inextricabl/ linked to that of our neighbours* -/ helping to reduce povert/ and promote sustainable development+ the aid program is an integral part of AustraliaFs foreign polic/ and securit/ agenda*

e/e'u"iVe !uMMAr1 Opera"i*g e*;iro*,e*" $ver the past 19 /ears+ more than ;99 million people in the AsiaGPacific region have been lifted out of povert/+ but another =99 million live on less than T0 a da/ and 0*A billion live on less than T1 a da/+ including over half the population of "ndonesia* Asia is making progress towards the human development '%)s+ but much of the Pacific is not+ and even in Asia there is no room for complacenc/* Alongside strongl/ growing states such as China+ Thailand and 2ietnam+ are countries that will have to overcome serious challenges to achieve and sustain growth and reduce povert/ E including Papua #ew )uinea >P#)@+ most of the Pacific island nations+ ast Timor+ Cambodia+ Laos+ "ndonesia and the Philippines* )enerating broadDbased growth will be critical to shoring up democrac/ and stabilit/ in the region* %ifficult economic prospects and weak governance ma/ see the risks of instabilit/ increase and+ among other conseBuences+ allow transnational crime and terrorist networks to flourish+ further undermining development and efforts to reduce povert/* $ther threats to development have emerged or are intensif/ing* The AsiaGPacific region is vulnerable to natural disasters+ as has been sadl/ witnessed over recent /ears* "t is also vulnerable to infectious disease because of its dense and interconnected populations* Some :*1 million people in Asia are living with H"2LA"%SJ in the absence of effective action+ the AsiaGPacific region will account for 89 per cent of all new infections b/ 1909* P#) is a particular concern* Avian and pandemic influen,a also threaten widespread disruption* !apid economic and population growth is placing increasing pressure on the natural environment* Tensions over access to and management of natural resources+ including water and energ/+ are growing and will need to be managed* De;e#op,e*" #e!!o*! %ecades of experience in development have revealed a number of ke/ lessons about what makes countries successfulH g conomic growth is central to povert/ reduction*

g Countries that have engaged with the global econom/ have grown more Buickl/ than those that have not* g .hile growth is necessar/ for povert/ reduction+ it is not sufficient* Attention must also focus on how growth can be shared and sustained+ including b/ providing opportunities through better health and education* g Countries are more likel/ to achieve sustained growth if their governments enforce propert/ rights+ manage conflict+ establish macroeconomic stabilit/+ align economic incentives with social benefits+ and maintain law and order* g .hile there are common fundamentals to development+ there is no universal polic/ prescription to achieve it* ach countr/Fs situation is uniBue+ as is its path to reform and growth* g Aid is onl/ part of the growth and development picture E both developing and developed countr/ policies pla/ a significant role* Countries emerging from conflict or whose economies are stagnating pose particular challenges* xperience suggests that these states sta/ fragile for a long time+ the spillDover effects are costl/ for their neighbours+ and there is little chance of improvement without outside intervention* AustraliaFs leadership role in the regional intervention in Solomon "slands is attracting positive international attention as an example of an innovative and successful approach* S"ra"egi' ra,e%or3 The strategic framework that will guide AustraliaFs aid program recognises the evolving regional environment and AustraliaFs values and interests+ and draws on the experience of over ;9 /ears of delivering aid to the region* The framework centres on the o2>e'"i;e of AustraliaFs aid programH To assist de%eloping countries to reduce po%erty and achie%e sustainable de%elopment( in line with Australia2s national interest. "n order to achieve this ob4ective+ the aid program will be organised around four themesH 0@ accelerating economic growth 1@ fostering functioning and effective states 3@ investing in people 8@ promoting regional stabilit/ and cooperation* The e e'"i;e*e!! of the aid program will be ensured b/H

0@ strengthening the performance orientation of the aid program 1@ combating corruption 3@ enhancing AustraliaFs engagement with the AsiaGPacific region 8@ working in partnership with regional governments and other donors* The framework will be reinforced b/ promoting greater gender eBualit/ in development+ and through unt/ing Australian aid to improve efficienc/ and competitiveness* A fundamental tenet of the aid program is that AustraliaFs assistance is 4ointl/ agreed and implemented with its developing countr/ partners*

W&ere Au!"ra#ia %i## %or3 AustraliaFs focus on the AsiaGPacific region will continue* There will be growing focus on linking allocations to performance in ma4or partner countries* Programs will align with the four themes of accelerating economic growth+ fostering functioning and effective states+ investing in people+ and promoting regional stabilit/ and cooperation* Australia provides more support to "ndonesia than to an/ other Asian countr/* This aid partnership will continue to be maintained at high levels to assist "ndonesiaFs efforts to cement its democratic institutions and build securit/ and prosperit/* The )overnment believes that the challenges faced b/ the Philippines+ another close neighbour+ are particularl/ serious+ and Australia will intensif/ its development efforts accordingl/* This .hite Paper outlines a particular focus on eastern "ndonesia and the southern Philippines+ given their ver/ high rates of povert/ and challenging development prospects* The 'ekong countries will continue to be an important priorit/ for the aid program+ with infrastructure+ health and education being central to AustraliaFs engagement* Future efforts will also place more emphasis on promoting regional approaches and integration+ as well as on addressing shared challenges+ such as H"2LA"%S and access to water* "n ast Timor+ Australian aid will support the fledgling nationFs efforts to build the policies and institutions needed for the effective use of future oil and gas revenues and to address critical health needs* The importance of "ndia and China to the regionFs development means that the Australian aid program will maintain a strategic footprint

with them on ke/ issues such as trade+ clean energ/ and H"2LA"%S+ and engage with them as emerging donors* "n other parts of South Asia+ the aid program will deepen engagement on selected issues+ such as education and improving the core functions of government* Australia is keenl/ aware of the challenges facing the Pacific E particularl/ 'elanesia and the microstates* Australian aid to the Pacific will continue to operate within ver/ long timeframes E change will be slow and incremental+ and progress will reBuire greater regional integration and the pooling of functions to promote efficienc/ and transparenc/ in government and in the provision of services* "ncreases in aid allocations will be linked to performance* Australia remains deepl/ committed to development in P#)* .hile significant effort is reBuired to support improved governance+ economic growth+ and the deliver/ of basic health and education services+ expectations of development need to be realistic* This .hite Paper proposes a potentiall/ substantial increase in the aid allocation to P#)+ sub4ect to meaningful reform and continued improved performance b/ the P#) )overnment* Australia will continue a pragmatic engagement with Africa+ based on humanitarian concerns and ke/ issues such as H"2LA"%S* W&a" "&e ai+ progra, %i## o'u! o* Accelerating economic growth )enerating shared and sustainable economic growth is the single most important ob4ective for the AsiaGPacific region over the next ten /ears* The aid program will encourage growth b/H g improving the polic/ environment for private sector growth* "nitiatives include a collaborative and demandDdriven Pa'i i' #a*+ ,o2i#i!a"io* progra, to explore wa/s to overcome the ma4or land tenure constraints to growth in the region* g promoting trade through assistance for trade anal/sis+ trade polic/ and trade facilitation+ such as more efficient customs and Buarantine services g supporting the drivers of growth b/H G investing in infrastructure* Poor infrastructure is a binding constraint to growth in Asia+

while in the Pacific access to infrastructure in rural environments >where :9 per cent of the population lives@ is a priorit/* A ma4or i* ra!"ru'"ure or gro%"& i*i"ia"i;e + providing expertise on polic/ and other ke/ issues as well as targeted financing+ will help address these barriers* This will include a partnership with the development banks+ with estimated support of up to T:99 million over the next five /ears* G building skilled workforces in P#) and the Pacific+ focusing on technical and vocational programs+ including the establishment of an Au!"ra#iaEPa'i i' "e'&*i'a# 'o##ege to deliver AustralianDstandard Bualifications in areas that meet domestic and international emplo/ment needs* G strengthening support for private sectorDled rura# and 2u!i*e!! +e;e#op,e*"* g addressing environmental challenges to growth through an e*;iro*,e*" !"ra"eg1 focusing on climate change and adaptation+ water+ and strengthening environmental regulator/ regimes* Fostering functioning and effective states Sound policies and institutions are central for growth and development* governance support will be enhanced b/H g focusing on political governance b/ targeting leaders from all facets of societ/ through a Pa'i i' #ea+er!&ip progra, and b/ 2ui#+i*g +e,a*+ or 2e""er go;er*a*'e g providing i*'e*"i;e! through allocating additional funding >up to 09 per cent of the aid budget over time@ to those countries able to achieve agreed improvements in areas such as governance and addressing corruption g making more selective and effective use of technical assistance to promote reform+ and undertaking an integrated approach to law and 4ustice support !ecent /ears have seen an increasing demand on Australia to respond to emergencies* -/ virtue of our location and capacities+ Australia is pla/ing a leadership role in responding to disasters* Australia is establishing an e*&a*'e+ e,erge*'1 re!po*!e 'apa'i"1 to strengthen civilian capacit/ to respond effectivel/ to unexpected crises* "nvesting in people xisting

Health and education enable the poor to participate in growth+ make the workforce more productive+ and lead to a better informed citi,enr/ able to demand better government performance* Australia will increase investments in health and education significantl/* #ational health s/stems will be strengthened through a +e#i;eri*g 2e""er &ea#"& progra, + particularl/ focusing on the needs of women and children* This will include assistance to establish sustainable health financing and for health workforce development* Australia will help countries confront health problems that create the greatest burden+ and expand existing initiatives addressing ma4or diseases+ including HIVNAIDS: pa*+e,i'! and a new initiative to "a'3#e ,a#aria i* "&e Pa'i i'+ initiall/ focusing on Solomon "slands and 2anuatu* "t is expected that support for health programs will double b/ 1909* Australia will invest further resources in getting more children into school+ for longer and to achieve a better Bualit/ education* Australia will strengthen national education s/stems through a +e#i;eri*g 2e""er e+u'a"io* initiative* "n view of the importance of education for growth+ stabilit/ and povert/ reduction+ it is expected that support for national education s/stems will triple b/ 1909* Further+ a ma4or Au!"ra#ia* !'&o#ar!&ip! initiative targeting future leaders will see a doubling of the number of education awards offered b/ Australia to the region* Promoting regional stabilit/ and cooperation An arra/ of transboundar/ issues threatens stabilit/ and development in the region* Australia will promote regional responses through a "ra*!2ou*+ar1 "&rea"! program* This will support Australian )overnment agencies building networks and expertise in such fields as pandemics+ disasters and transnational crime* Australia will also expand efforts to promote regional integration and support initiatives that promote regional governance in the Pacific* !"re*g"&e*i*g e e'"i;e*e!!6 &o% ai+ %i## 2e +e#i;ere+

The )overnment is committed to maximising the effectiveness of the aid program and to placing Australia at the forefront of such efforts internationall/* The aid program will pursue four strategies to this end*

Strengthening the performance orientation of the aid program The performance orientation of the aid program will be strengthened across all levels and aspects of AustraliaFs $fficial %evelopment Assistance expenditure* This will includeH g enhanced countr/ development strategies to give greater prominence to growth and performance and provide a single framework for all Australian )overnment development efforts g strengthened links between performance and aid allocations within and between countries and the building of better performance into individual aid activities b/ linking pa/ments to deliver/+ particularl/ in infrastructure+ health and education g strengthening the performance management function through establishing an O i'e o De;e#op,e*" E e'"i;e*e!! + which will improve the effectiveness of aid policies and programs+ including through publishing an Annual 0e%iew of -e%elopment Effecti%eness to inform the budget process* Combating corruption "ncreases in Australian aid will be conditional on stronger governance and reduced corruption in partner countries* Australia will adopt a more rigorous approach to corruption b/ developing an a*"i-'orrup"io* or +e;e#op,e*" !"ra"eg1 aimed at strengthening coordination across the range of Australian )overnment activit/ in this area+ and b/ increasing its support for regional and global antiDcorruption initiatives* nhancing Australian engagement with the AsiaGPacific region AusA"% will continue to work with other Australian )overnment agencies to monitor the impact of broader government policies on regional development+ and to ensure coordinated wholeDofDgovernment approaches on ke/ development issues*

!esponses to the regionFs challenges will need to draw on new expertise and pla/ers in government+ business+ academia and the communit/* The aid program will increase support for +e;e#op,e*" re!ear'& as a ke/ contributor to better development+ and mobilise a broader range of Australian expertise to help tackle the regionFs development challenges through an initiative for ,o2i#i!i*g *e% Au!"ra#ia* #i*3! "o "&e regio* * 48 e/e'u"iVe !uMMAr1 .orking with partners Aid programs that are owned and driven b/ partner countries are more likel/ to be sustainable* Australia will work towards the principles of the ,aris -eclaration on Aid Effecti%eness+ and look for opportunities to use partner countr/ processes and s/stems in aid program deliver/* Australia will work with other bilateral donors to reduce the burden of aid coordination for alread/ stretched partner governments+ and will identif/ opportunities to lead other donors towards coordination* A particular emphasis will be given to engaging emerging donors+ such as China in the Pacific* Australia has long pursued ke/ interests through the .orld -ank and the Asian %evelopment -ank >A%-@+ including in its programs to the Pacific and in building aid effectiveness* Australia will strengthen partnerships with the .orld -ank and the A%- in areas of mutual interest+ given their significant regional financial weight and importance in polic/ dialogue* Ai+ ,a*age,e*" ffective aid management will be central to implementing this .hite Paper* 'an/ things will need to be done differentl/+ and there are important new emphases* AusA"% is producing an Agenc/ -usiness Plan setting out how the .hite Paper will be delivered+ focusing on streamlining business processes+ strengthening human resources and enhancing management information s/stems* Australia will continue to provide assistance mainl/ through grant funding+ rather than through loans* To ensure better aid deliver/+ and in recognition of the need for greater

levels of polic/ and operational engagement from AusA"% and other government agencies+ more staff will be placed in the field over time* AusA"% and its partners in aid deliver/ will build staff skills to strengthen anal/sis of critical development issues and to ensure that this is supported b/ a deeper knowledge of the countries within the region* "mproved external communications will help to capture the achievements of AustraliaFs aid program and inform the Parliament+ the Australian public+ opinion makers and development partners* The Aid Advisor/ Council will continue to provide independent insights and advice to the 'inister for Foreign Affairs* 'o*'#u!io* Australian aid is effective and is making a real difference to the people of the AsiaG Pacific region* The changes outlined in this .hite Paper will give the aid program greater reach and impact in the coming decade* The Australian public and the countries benefiting from the aid program can expect the )overnment to be even more responsive+ professional and accountable in the deliver/ of Australian aid* The Australian aid program will not onl/ be larger+ but also more effective and transparent* The scale of the development challenges and the level of Australian commitment to growth and stabilit/ in the region reBuire nothing less >Australian AidH Promoting )rowth and Stabilit/@*
00A

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FA stralia.3 ssia & clear #ooperation A;ree*entG httpHLLwww*dfat*gov*auLgeoLrussiaLtreatiesLausYruYsafeguardsYagreement*html

7A;ree*ent bet9een the Go2ern*ent o+ A stralia and the Go2ern*ent o+ the 3 ssian =ederation on #ooperation in the 6se o+ & clear Ener;y +or !eace+ l ! rposes).1<8 TH )$2 !#' #T $F A&ST!AL"A A#% TH )$2 !#' #T $F TH !&SS"A# F % !AT"$#+ >H ! "#AFT ! ! F !! % T$ AS \TH PA!T" S]@+ % S"!"#) to promote their cooperation in the use of nuclear energ/ for peaceful purposesJ ! AFF"!'"#) their commitment to ensure that the international development and the use of nuclear energ/ for peaceful purposes further the ob4ective of the nonDproliferation of nuclear weaponsJ '"#%F&L that Australia and the !ussian Federation are parties to the Treat/ on the #onDProliferation of #uclear .eapons done at 'oscow+ .ashington and London on 0 5ul/ 0A<:J '"#%F&L that the !ussian Federation is a nuclearDweapon State and is part/ to the Agreement between the )overnment of the &nion of the Soviet Socialist !epublics and the "nternational Atomic nerg/ Agenc/ for the application of safeguards in the &nion of Soviet Socialist !epublics+ concluded on 10 Februar/ 0A:; >hereinafter referred to as \the 0A:; Safeguards Agreement]@J '"#%F&L that Australia+ as a nonDnuclearDweapon State+ has+ under the Treat/ on the #onDProliferation of #uclear .eapons+ undertaken not to manufacture or otherwise acBuire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices and that it is part/ to the
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Agreement between Australia and the "nternational Atomic nerg/ Agenc/ for the application of safeguards in connection with the Treat/ on the #onDProliferation of #uclear .eapons+ concluded on 09 5ul/ 0A=8 >hereinafter referred to as \the 0A=8 Safeguards Agreement]@J ! AFF"!'"#) their support for the ob4ectives and provisions of the Treat/ on the #onD Proliferation of #uclear .eapons and their desire to promote universal adherence to that Treat/J ! AFF"!'"#) their support for the "nternational Atomic nerg/ Agenc/ >hereinafter referred to as \the "A A]@ safeguards s/stem and their desire to work together to ensure its continued effectivenessJ TA6"#) ACC$&#T of their support for the principles of openness and transparenc/ in matters relating to nuclear energ/ and the nonDproliferation of nuclear weaponsJ ! AFF"!'"#) their commitment to the Convention on the Ph/sical Protection of #uclear 'aterial done at 2ienna and #ew (ork on 3 'arch 0A:9J ! AFF"!'"#) their commitment to the "nternational Convention for the Suppression of Acts of #uclear Terrorism done at #ew (ork on 08 September 199;J HA2 A)! % as followsH Ar"i'#e I For the purposes of this AgreementH \component] means a component part of eBuipment or other item+ so designated b/ agreement of the Parties in writing through diplomatic channelsJ \ ligible Facilities List] means the nuclear fuel c/cle facilities list provided to the "A A+ designating those facilities eligible for "A A safeguards in accordance with the 0A:; Safeguards AgreementJ

\eBuipment] means those items listed in "A A document "#FC"!CL1;8L!ev*:LPart 0+ as amended from time to time* An/ such amendment shall have effect under this Agreement onl/ when both Parties have informed each other in writing through diplomatic channels that the/ accept such amendmentJ \intellectual propert/] shall have the meaning set out in Article 1 of the Convention stablishing the .orld "ntellectual Propert/ $rgani,ation+ done at Stockholm on 08 5ul/ 0A<=J \material] means an/ nonDnuclear materials listed in "A A document "#FC"!CL1;8L!ev*:LPart 0+ as amended from time to time* An/ such amendment shall have effect under this Agreement onl/ when both Parties have informed each other in writing through diplomatic channels that the/ accept such amendmentJ \peaceful purpose] includes the use of nuclear material+ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/ in such fields as electric power generation+ medicine+ agriculture and industr/+ but does not include research on or development of an/ explosive devices+ or an/ militar/ purpose* 'ilitar/ purpose does not include provision of power for a militar/ base drawn from an/ power network+ production of radioisotopes to be used for medical purposes in a militar/ hospital+ or other similar purposes as ma/ be mutuall/ agreed b/ the Parties in writing through diplomatic channelsJ \nuclear material] means an/ \source material] or \special fissionable material] as those terms are defined in Article 77 of the Statute of the "A A* An/ determination b/ the -oard of )overnors of the "A A under Article 77 of the Statute of the "A A which amends the list of materials considered to be \source material] or \special fissionable material] shall have effect under this Agreement onl/ when both Parties have informed each other in writing through diplomatic channels that the/ accept such amendmentJ \technolog/] has the meaning provided in "A A document "#FC"!CL1;8L!ev*:LPart 0+ as amended from time to time* An/ such amendment shall have effect under this Agreement onl/ when both Parties have informed each other in writing through diplomatic channels that the/ accept such amendment*

Ar"i'#e II 0* The Parties shall encourage and facilitate cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energ/ in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement* 1* The Parties shall collaborate in transfers of nuclear material+ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/* 3* Cooperation under this Agreement covers the following areas of peaceful use of nuclear energ/H i@ basic and applied researchJ ii@ scientific+ technical and industrial research and developmentJ iii@ development+ design+ construction+ operation and decommissioning of research reactors+ nuclear power plants and other nuclear fuel c/cle facilitiesJ iv@ utili,ation of nuclear reactors for electric power production+ sea water desalination and heat productionJ v@ management of spent fuel and radioactive wasteJ vi@ nuclear safet/+ radiation protection and protection of the environmentJ vii@ safeguards+ and ph/sical protection of nuclear material and facilitiesJ viii@ use of radioisotopes and radiation in agriculture+ industr/+ medicine and environmental researchJ ix@ geological and geoph/sical exploration+ development+ production+ further processing and use of uranium resourcesJ x@ regulator/ aspects of the peaceful uses of nuclear energ/J and xi@ other areas of cooperation as ma/ be agreed b/ the Parties in writing through diplomatic channels* 8* Cooperation in specific areas outlined in paragraph 3 of this Article ma/ be implemented as necessar/ through arrangements between a legal entit/ of Australia and a legal entit/ of the !ussian Federation which the respective competent authorit/ notifies the other competent authorit/ as being dul/ authorised to implement such cooperation* An/ such arrangements shall include provisions dealing with intellectual propert/ rights protection where such rights exist or arise*

Ar"i'#e III 0* Cooperation referred to in paragraph 3 of Article "" of this Agreement ma/ be undertaken in the following formsH i@ exchange of scientific and technical informationJ ii@ training of personnel+ including professional and advanced training for administrative+ scientific and technical personnelJ iii@ organi,ation of s/mposia and seminarsJ iv@ organi,ation of 4oint pro4ects and establishment of 4oint venturesJ v@ establishment of bilateral working groups for implementation of the 4oint pro4ectsJ vi@ suppl/ of nuclear fuel c/cle services including uranium conversion and isotopic enrichmentJ vii@ trade and commercial cooperation relating to the nuclear fuel c/cleJ viii@ transfer of industrial eBuipment and industrial technolog/J and ix@ other forms of cooperation as ma/ be agreed b/ the Parties in writing through diplomatic channels* Ar"i'#e IV 0* For the purpose of implementing this Agreement the Parties shall nominate competent authorities* For the )overnment of Australia the competent authorit/ will be the Australian Safeguards and #onDProliferation $ffice and for the )overnment of the !ussian Federation the competent authorit/ will be the Federal Atomic nerg/ Agenc/* 1* #otwithstanding paragraph 0 of this Article+ the Parties ma/ nominate other competent authorities for coordination of cooperation in the specific areas referred to in paragraph 3 of Article "" of this Agreement* A Part/ shall notif/ the other Part/ in writing through diplomatic channels where it nominates a competent authorit/ for such purpose* 3* A Part/ shall notif/ the other Part/ in writing through diplomatic channels of a change to a competent authorit/*

Ar"i'#e V 0* This Agreement shall appl/ toH i@ all nuclear material transferred between Australia and the !ussian Federation whether the nuclear material is transferred directl/ or through a third StateJ ii@ all forms of nuclear material prepared b/ chemical or ph/sical processes or isotopic separation from nuclear material sub4ect to this AgreementH if nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement is mixed with other nuclear material+ the Buantit/ of nuclear material so prepared which falls within the scope of this Agreement shall be an amount eBuivalent to the proportion which the nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement bears to the total Buantit/ of nuclear materialJ iii@ all generations of nuclear material produced b/ neutron irradiation of nuclear material sub4ect to this AgreementH if nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement is irradiated together with other nuclear material+ the proportion of nuclear material so produced which falls within the scope of this Agreement shall be eBual to the proportion of the nuclear material irradiated that is sub4ect to this AgreementJ iv@ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/ transferred between Australia and the !ussian Federation+ whether directl/ or through a third StateJ v@ nuclear material where material+ eBuipment or components sub4ect to this Agreement have a direct and ma4or connection to the production+ processing or use of that nuclear materialJ and vi@ eBuipment produced b/ the use or b/ the application of technolog/ transferred in accordance with this Agreement* 1* #uclear material+ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/ sub4ect to this Agreement shall be transferred onl/ to a legal entit/ of Australia or the !ussian Federation which the competent authorit/ of the receiving Part/ notifies the competent authorit/ of the suppl/ing Part/ as being dul/ authorised to receive such nuclear material+ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/* Ar"i'#e VI

0* #uclear material+ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/ sub4ect to this Agreement shall remain sub4ect to the provisions of this Agreement untilH i@ it is no longer usable for an/ nuclear activit/J or ii@ it is practicabl/ irrecoverable for processing into a form in which it is usable for an/ nuclear activit/J or iii@ it has been transferred be/ond the territor/ of Australia or be/ond the territor/ of the !ussian Federation in accordance with Article 7 of this AgreementJ or iv@ the Parties otherwise agree in writing through diplomatic channels* 1* For the purpose of determining when nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement is no longer usable for an/ nuclear activit/ or is practicabl/ irrecoverable for processing into a form in which it is usable for an/ nuclear activit/+ both Parties shall appl/ an/ relevant determination made b/ the "A A in accordance with the safeguards agreement between the Part/ concerned and the "A A* "n the absence of a determination b/ the "A A+ a determination ma/ be made b/ mutual decision of the competent authorities+ in accordance with the principles applied b/ the "A A for this purpose* Ar"i'#e VII #uclear material+ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/ sub4ect to this Agreement shall onl/ be used for peaceful purposes and shall not be used for the manufacture of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices+ research on or development of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices+ or be used for an/ militar/ purpose or in an/ wa/ to further an/ militar/ purpose* Ar"i'#e VIII 0* .here nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement is within the territor/ of the !ussian Federation+ compliance with Article 2"" of this Agreement shall be ensured b/ a s/stem of safeguards in accordance with the 0A:; Safeguards Agreement* This means that nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement shall be processed+ used or stored in accordance with paragraph 0 of Article 7" of this Agreement* The !ussian competent

authorit/ shall provide the Australian competent authorit/ annuall/ with the ligible Facilities List and an/ amendment to it* 1* .here nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement is within the territor/ of Australia+ compliance with Article 2"" of this Agreement shall be ensured b/ a s/stem of safeguards in accordance with the 0A=8 Safeguards Agreement* 3* "f+ notwithstanding the efforts of both Parties+ the "A A fails to administer its functions under the Agreements referred to in paragraphs 0 and 1 of this Article in the territor/ of Australia or in the territor/ of the !ussian Federation in which nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement is present+ the Parties shall forthwith arrange for the application of safeguards satisfactor/ to both Parties which conform with "A A safeguards principles and procedures and which provide reassurance eBuivalent to that intended to be secured b/ the safeguards s/stem the/ replace* The Parties shall consult and assist each other in the application of such a safeguards s/stem* Ar"i'#e IJ 0* "nformation bearing an Australian national securit/ classification or classified as State Secret b/ the !ussian Federation shall not be exchanged under this Agreement* 1* A Part/ suppl/ing information under this Agreement ma/ mark an/ such information+ if in nglish+ \AustraliaD!ussiaD#uclearDinDConfidence] and+ if in !ussian+ \ijklmnokpmqrskj]* A Part/ receiving information so marked shall protect this informationat a level eBuivalent to the protection applied b/ the suppl/ing Part/ to such information* Such information shall not be disclosed or transferred to a third part/ without the written consent of the suppl/ing Part/* The procedures for transfer and protection of such information shall be set out in the 'emorandum of &nderstanding concluded pursuant to Article 7"" of this Agreement* Ar"i'#e J 0* #uclear material sub4ect to this Agreement shall not be transferred be/ond the territor/ of the receiving Part/ without the prior written consent of the supplier Part/+ except in accordance with paragraph ; of this Article*

1* #uclear material sub4ect to this Agreement shall not beH i@ enriched to 19 per cent or greater in the isotope uranium 13;J or ii@ reprocessedJ without the prior written consent of the supplier Part/* 3* 'aterial+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/ sub4ect to this Agreement shall not be transferred b/ the receiving Part/ to a third State except when the receiving Part/ has obtained the prior written consent of the supplier Part/ and an assurance from the third State ofH i@ peaceful useJ and ii@ implementation of "A A safeguardsJ and iii@ measures of ph/sical protection at a level not lower than that imposed on the Parties under paragraph 1 of Article 7""" of this Agreement* 8* The supplier Part/ shall not withhold consent pursuant to this Article for the purpose of securing commercial advantage* ;* Transfers of nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement from the !ussian Federation to a third State which has an agreement in force with Australia concerning nuclear transfers+ in relation to which the Australian competent authorit/ has not advised the !ussian competent authorit/ that Australia has found it necessar/ to suspend+ cancel or refrain from making nuclear transfers+ can take place for conversion+ enrichment below 19 per cent in the isotope uranium 13;+ fuel fabrication or use in a reactor* The !ussian competent authorit/ shall promptl/ notif/ the Australian competent authorit/+ in accordance with procedures set out in the 'emorandum of &nderstanding concluded pursuant to Article 7"" of this Agreement+ of such transfers* <* The Australian competent authorit/ shall provide the !ussian competent authorit/ with+ and keep up to date+ the list of countries to which transfers ma/ be made in accordance with paragraph ; of this Article* Ar"i'#e JI

0* #uclear material sub4ect to this Agreement in the !ussian Federation shall onl/ be processed+ used or storedH i@ at facilities that are included in the ligible Facilities List and are within a program mutuall/ determined through consultation between the competent authoritiesJ or ii@ in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article* 1* .here the competent authorities mutuall/ determine that it is necessar/ for operational reasons to undertake conversion to uranium hexafluoride or enrichment of nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement in a facilit/ that does not meet the terms of subDparagraph i@ of paragraph 0 of this Article+ the following arrangements shall be appliedH i@ "n accordance with the 'emorandum of &nderstanding concluded pursuant to Article 7"" of this Agreement+ the competent authorities shall mutuall/ determine the facilit/ or facilities involved+ the Buantities of nuclear material+ and such other information as ma/ be specified in the 'emorandum of &nderstanding* ii@ The nuclear material to be converted or enriched shall be substituted b/ Buantities of nuclear material eBuivalent in Bualit/ and Buantities to the outputs of such conversion or enrichment+ to be added to the inventor/ of nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement at relevant facilities referred to in subDparagraph i@ of paragraph 0 of this Article+ in accordance with procedures set out in the 'emorandum of &nderstanding concluded pursuant to Article 7"" of this Agreement* Ar"i'#e JII 0* ach Part/ shall establish and maintain a s/stem of accounting for and control of all nuclear material+ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/ sub4ect to this Agreement* 1* The competent authorities of both Parties shall conclude a 'emorandum of &nderstanding to ensure the effective implementation of this Agreement* 3* "f nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement is present in the territor/ of Australia or the !ussian Federation+ that Part/ shall+ upon the reBuest of the other Part/+ provide

the other Part/ in writing through diplomatic channels with an/ conclusions which the "A A has drawn from its safeguards activities+ insofar as the/ relate to nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement* 8* ach Part/ shall inform the "A A of all transfers and retransfers of nuclear material sub4ect to this Agreement to and from its 4urisdiction* Ar"i'#e JIII 0* ach Part/ shall take such measures as are necessar/ to ensure adeBuate ph/sical protection of nuclear material+ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/ sub4ect to this Agreement within its 4urisdiction* A Part/ shall ensure that nuclear material+ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/ in international transport are adeBuatel/ protected until that responsibilit/ is properl/ transferred to another State* 1* "n addition to its obligations under the Convention on the Ph/sical Protection of #uclear 'aterial done at 2ienna and #ew (ork on 3 'arch 0A:9+ including an/ amendments that are in force for each Part/+ each Part/ shall appl/ measures of ph/sical protection in accordance with its national legislation which meet levels not less than the recommendations of "A A document "#FC"!CL11;L!ev*8 >corrected@ entitled \The Ph/sical Protection of #uclear 'aterial and #uclear Facilities]+ as amended from time to time* An/ amendment to or replacement of "A A document "#FC"!CL11;L!ev*8 >corrected@ shall have effect under this Agreement onl/ when the Parties have informed each other in writing through diplomatic channels that the/ accept such amendment or replacement* Ar"i'#e JIV 0* The Parties shall consult regularl/+ or at an/ time at the reBuest of either Part/+ in order to ensure the effective implementation of this Agreement+ or to review matters relating to the peaceful uses of nuclear energ/* 1* The Parties ma/ 4ointl/ invite the representatives of the "A A to participate in such consultations*

Ar"i'#e JV 0* The supplier Part/ has the right to suspend or cancel further transfers of nuclear material+ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/ and to reBuire the receiving Part/ to take corrective steps if the receiving Part/ does not compl/ with "A A safeguards arrangements or with an/ provisions of Articles 2 to 7"2 or Article 72" of this Agreement* 1* "f corrective steps are not taken b/ the receiving Part/ within a reasonable time+ the supplier Part/ has the right to reBuire the return of nuclear material+ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/ sub4ect to this Agreement* 3* #othing in this Article shall preclude recourse to dispute settlement under Article 72" of this Agreement* Ar"i'#e JVI 0* An/ dispute between the Parties arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement shall be settled b/ negotiations carried out b/ the Parties in good faith* 1* "f such a dispute is not settled b/ negotiations within twelve months+ it shall be submitted+ at the reBuest of either Part/+ to an arbitral tribunal composed of three arbitrators appointed in accordance with the provisions of this Article* 3* ach Part/ shall designate one arbitrator who ma/ be its national and the two arbitrators so designated shall appoint a third+ a national of a third State+ who shall be Chairman of the arbitral tribunal* 8* "f within sixt/ da/s of the reBuest for arbitration either Part/ has not designated an arbitrator+ either Part/ to the dispute ma/ reBuest the President of the "nternational Court of 5ustice to appoint an arbitrator* The same procedure shall appl/ if+ within sixt/ da/s of the designation or appointment of the second arbitrator+ the third arbitrator has not been appointed*

;* xcept as otherwise determined b/ the Parties or prescribed b/ the arbitral tribunal established pursuant to this Article+ each Part/ shall submit a memorandum within fort/D five da/s after the arbitral tribunal is full/ constituted* !eplies of the Parties shall be due sixt/ da/s later* The arbitral tribunal shall hold a hearing at the reBuest of either Part/+ or at its discretion+ within thirt/ da/s after replies are due* <* The arbitral tribunal shall ad4udicate the dispute referred to it under this Article+ and make all possible efforts to deliver a written decision within thirt/ da/s after completion of the hearing+ or+ if no hearing is held+ after the date both replies are submitted* All decisions of the arbitral tribunal shall be taken b/ a ma4orit/ vote* =* The decisions of the arbitral tribunal+ including those concerning its procedure+ 4urisdiction and the apportionment of the expenses of arbitration between the Parties+ shall be binding on both Parties and shall be implemented b/ them in good faith* :* The Parties ma/ submit reBuests for clarification of the decision within fifteen da/s after it is received and such clarification shall be issued within fifteen da/s of such reBuest* A* Sub4ect to paragraph = of this Article+ the expenses of arbitration under this Article shall be shared eBuall/ between the Parties* 09* "f and for as long as either Part/ fails to compl/ with a decision made under this Article+ the other Part/ ma/ limit+ suspend or revoke an/ rights or privileges which it has granted b/ virtue of this Agreement to the Part/ in default* Ar"i'#e JVII This Agreement ma/ be amended b/ agreement between the Parties in writing* Ar"i'#e JVIII 0* The Parties shall notif/ each other in writing through diplomatic channels when their respective domestic procedures for entr/ into force have been met* The date of entr/ into force of the Agreement shall be the date of the last notification*

1* This Agreement shall remain in force for an initial period of 39 /ears and shall terminate upon expir/ of the initial period if either Part/ notifies the other Part/ in writing through diplomatic channels of its intention to terminate at least 0:9 da/s prior to the expir/ of the initial period* 3* "f the Agreement is not terminated in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article it shall remain in force indefinitel/ and shall onl/ terminate 0:9 da/s after receipt of notice of intention to terminate b/ either Part/ in writing through diplomatic channels* 8* &nless otherwise agreed in writing through diplomatic channels between the Parties+ termination+ suspension or expiration of this Agreement or an/ cooperation under it for an/ reason shall not release the Parties from obligations under this Agreement in respect of nuclear material+ material+ eBuipment+ components and technolog/ transferred while the Agreement was in force* ;* This Agreement+ upon its entr/ into force+ shall terminate the Agreement between the )overnment of Australia and the )overnment of the &nion of the Soviet Socialist !epublics concerning the peaceful uses of nuclear energ/+ concluded on 0; Februar/ 0AA9 >hereinafter referred to as \the 0AA9 Agreement]@* <* &pon termination of the 0AA9 Agreement+ an/ nuclear material transferred pursuant to the 0AA9 Agreement shall be considered nuclear material to which this Agreement applies* %one in duplicate at S/dne/+ this seventh da/ of September+ 199=+ in the nglish and !ussian languages+ both texts being eBuall/ authentic*

Published Sources

&npublished Sources Pere,+ .innefred %) Countr/ Stud/ of Australia >1990@+ "$AC L S"C Class lectronicL"nternet sources Australia* 'icrosoft ncarta Premium 199< edition* Australian %efence Force* !etrieved April YY+ 199: from www*defense*gov*auLhtml Australian Arm/* !etrieved April YY+ 199: from www*defense*gov*auLarm/Lhtml !o/al Australian #av/* !etrieved April YY+ 199: from www*ran*gov*auLhtml The Commonwealth* !etrieved April YY+ 199: from www*dfat*gov*auLintorgsLcommonwealthLhtml South Pacific $rgani,ations* !etrieved April YY+ 199: from www*dfat*gov*auLgeoLspacificLhtml The !AAF Leaders* !etrieved April YY+ 199: from www*defense*gov*auLraafLhtml The Prime 'inister and Cabinet* !etrieved April YY+ 199: from www*pmc*gov*auLhtml The Parliament* !etrieved April YY+ 199: from www*aph*gov*auLhtml $ffice of #ational Assessment* !etrieved April YY+ 199: from www*gov*au*ona*html The Australian Secret "ntelligence Service* !etrieved April YY+ 199: from www*gov*aus*asis*html 199= C"A Fact -ookD Australia* !etrieved April YY+ 199: from www*cia*gov*factbook

X Securit/ &pdatesV >Securit/ nvironment &pdate+ 199=@*

010

>httpHLLwww*ag*gov*auLwwwLagdLagd*nsfLAll%ocsLFC <;=1C8:1<08F9CA1;=1%;9999< --0Q$pen%ocument@

The Australian )overnment is working to ensure that our national securit/ framework remains comprehensive and adaptable to changes in our securit/ environment* Terrorism remains a serious threat to AustraliaFs securit/* Strong cooperation between the Commonwealth+ State+ Territor/ and local governments is vital to countering this threat+ but businesses and the broader Australian communit/ also have an important role to pla/* To ensure that AustraliaFs securit/ framework continues to achieve the goal of protecting Australia from terrorism+ our arrangements must be sustainable and supported b/ appropriate resources* The Attorne/D)eneral is responsible for operational coordination of national securit/ issues* The Attorne/D)eneralFs %epartment and other agencies within the portfolio pla/ a central role in developing and implementing measures to effectivel/ counter terrorism* The -udget initiatives outlined in this &pdate build on a range of activities undertaken b/ Attorne/D)eneralFs portfolio agencies to counter terrorism*

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EorHin; 9ith the p blic to co nter terroris* The Australian public pla/s a crucial role in protecting Australia against terrorism* Counter terrorism efforts cannot succeed without the assistance of well informed and engaged Australians* "nformation from the public could prove vital to law enforcement and intelligence officers b/ providing the breakthroughs needed to disrupt terrorist activities* EorHin; 9ith b sinessIprotectin; o r critical in+or*ation and co** nications in+rastr ct re Terrorists are constantl/ developing new and innovative attack methods* A review in 199< of AustraliaFs Securit/ #ational Agenda found that the e securit/ landscape is constantl/ changing and that sophisticated+ targeted and malicious online attacks are emerging as a serious threat* These attacks are a ma4or risk to the protection of the identit/ and financial information of home users and small and medium si,ed enterprises* The/ can affect the reliable deliver/ of critical services b/ government and industr/ and the continuit/ of government* To address this risk+ the Australian Federal Police >AFP@ and A)% will receive funding as part of a T=3*< million cross portfolio measure to implement initiatives to address those risks b/H t securing Australian )overnment information and communications s/stems t enhancing the protection of AustraliaFs critical infrastructure from eDsecurit/ risks+ and t enhancing the protection of home users and small and mediumDsi,ed enterprises from electronic attacks and fraud* The AFP will receive T0;*< million over four /ears to establish a specialised capacit/ to identif/ and investigate complex technolog/Denabled crimes that pose threats to AustraliaFs critical infrastructure* The AFP will also develop law enforcement tools for conducting investigations into technolog/ enabled crime and to support regional capacit/ development initiatives in the area* !rotectin; critical in+rastr ct re

A)% provides strategic leadership to business and across governments on critical infrastructure protection issues* Critical infrastructure does not 4ust refer to buildingsJ it includes AustraliaFs energ/ and water supplies+ banking and finance s/stems+ communications+ our food chain+ transport services and infrastructure and health services* The ma4orit/ of AustraliaFs critical infrastructure is privatel/ owned or commerciall/ operated so its protection relies on strong cooperation between owners and operators and all Australian governments*

S pportin; A stralia-s la9 en+orce*ent o++icers nsuring that our law enforcement agencies have sufficient resources to carr/ out their roles is critical to the sustainabilit/ of AustraliaFs national securit/ framework and to counter terrorism efforts* This -udget includes a number of initiatives to ensure that our law enforcement officers have the resources and skills necessar/ to fulfil their roles*

A new Chemical+ -iological+ !adiological and #uclear >C-!#@ %ata Centre+ including a 'obile Forensic Laborator/+ will be opened in 5ul/ 199=* The %ata Centre will provide real time technical advice and intelligence to law enforcement and intelligence agencies and emergenc/ services across Australia about preventing+ preparing for and responding to the use of C-!# weapons or materials b/ criminals or terrorists* The %ata Centre will also support relevant parts of the private sector and provide occupational health and safet/ advice* The Australian )overnment has also committed T;*1 million over four /ears to mergenc/ 'anagement AustraliaFs > 'AFs@ C-!# preparedness research and development program to develop improvements in first response capabilities to deal with terrorism generall/ and C-!# incidents in particular* A C!-# attack+ and other emergencies such as an air crash+ earthBuake+ tsunami or human pandemic+ could result in mass fatalities reBuiring rapid mobilisation of specialised eBuipment and facilities to deal with those fatalities at short notice* The

Australian )overnment has invested T1*8 million over four /ears to deliver deplo/able mortuar/ services within Australia capable of managing up to ;+999 fatalities in an/ one event*

S pportin; intelli;ence e++orts to co*bat threats to national sec rity Australia relies upon a strong intelligence led prevention and preparedness regime to support its counter terrorism strateg/* Since the terrorist attacks of September 1990 in the &nited States+ the Australian )overnment has committed additional resources to AS"$ recognising the complexit/ and unpredictabilit/ of the threat environment and the continued increase in the volume and pace of information flows* The threat from extremism poses the most immediate danger to national securit/+ but espionage+ foreign interference+ the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and other forms of politicall/ motivated violence continue to threaten AustraliaFs interests* These remain core concerns of AS"$* "ncreased resourcing since 1990 enabled AS"$ to establish 18L= operations in the areas of threat assessment+ resource and open source monitoring and border securit/* AS"$ also expanded its engagement with international and Australian intelligence and law enforcement agencies+ increased outreach to the private sector and has developed methods and technologies to counter increasingl/ sophisticated targets The 199<D9= -udget provided a significant increase in AS"$Fs budget following a 199; review of AS"$Fs resourcing that recommended AS"$ grow to 0:<9 staff b/ 1909G00* The additional resources are being used to boost AS"$Fs intelligence collection and anal/tical capabilities+ increase the number of surveillance teams+ manage the continued rise in the border securit/ workload and bolster AS"$Fs technical capacit/* Staff are being recruited across all offices and areas* Maintainin; o r stron; le;islati2e +ra*e9orH Since the September 1990 attacks on the &nited States the Australian )overnment has consistentl/ demonstrated its commitment to ensuring that Australia has appropriate

and comprehensive laws in place to deal with the threat of terrorism* Significant amendments and new pieces of legislation have been introduced in the past /ear to maintain our strong legislative framework* "n the 199=G9: -udget+ the Australian )overnment has provided T3;*= million for eight agencies within the Attorne/D)eneralFs portfolio to ensure the effective ongoing implementation and enforcement of the Anti Terrorism Act >#o*1@ 199; and the #ational Securit/ "nformation >Criminal and Civil Proceedings@ Act 1998* The funding will enable the AFP to full/ implement and operate the control order and preventative detention regimes* Funding will also be provided to AS"$+ Customs and A)% to support the measures contained in the Anti Terrorism Act* The Administrative Appeal Tribunal+ the Federal Court+ the Federal 'agistrates Court+ the Famil/ Court and A)% will receive funding to ensure the reBuirements of the #ational Securit/ "nformation Act are properl/ observed* !rotectin; o r borders -order securit/ is another vital aspect of AustraliaFs counter terrorism arrangements* nsuring we have sufficient resources to protect our borders+ at airports and on our coastline+ is a priorit/ for the Australian )overnment* AustraliaFs maritime 4urisdiction covers 0; million sBuare kilometres including 3<+999 kilometres of coastline and over 01+999 islands* -order securit/ agencies including Customs and the -order Protection Command >an inter agenc/ organisation bringing together the resources and expertise of Customs and %efence@ are working to protect AustraliaFs maritime domain from a range of threats* "n this /earFs -udget+ the )overnment will provide T=A*; million to the -order Protection Command to continue with Phase Three of a pro4ect to develop the Australian 'aritime "dentification S/stem >A'"S@* .hen it is full/ developed+ A'"S will provide a comprehensive awareness of AustraliaFs maritime domain* A'"S will collect+ anal/se and disseminate maritime information and intelligence allowing AustraliaFs border securit/ and law enforcement agencies to get a more accurate picture of our extensive maritime domain*

Bein; prepared to respond to a terrorist attacH The Australian )overnment is committed to ensuring that AustraliaFs counter terrorism arrangements are well tested and that all agencies are read/ to respond if needed* The #CTCFs exercise program+ coordinated b/ A)%Fs Protective Securit/ Coordination Centre >PSCC@+ uses regular exercises involving simulated terrorist incidents to test ke/ agenciesF responses in a range of scenarios* The/ also test the effectiveness of coordination arrangements between the Commonwealth+ States and Territories* "n 199=D9:+ the Australian )overnment has committed an additional T18*= million to maintain and expand the successful #CTC exercise program* As part of AustraliaFs preparations to host AP C 199=+ the PSCC has coordinated ma4or AP C themed exercises in #ew South .ales+ South Australia+ Tasmania+ Cueensland and the #orthern Territor/* These exercises+ which brought together personnel from a range of Commonwealth+ State and Territor/ government agencies+ were designed to test securit/ arrangements and communications protocols that have been put in place for AP C 199=* t "t is vitall/ important that the Australian communit/ are prepared to respond in the face of an emergenc/ such as terrorist incident* Through mergenc/ 'anagement AustraliaFs .orking Together to 'anage mergencies initiative+ the Australian )overnment is supporting communities+ local governments and volunteer organisations to improve communit/ safet/ and training for volunteers involved in emergenc/ management* Since 1998 more than :99 pro4ects worth T1: million have been funded across Australia* "n 199=G9: more than T03 million will be available for grants to implement pro4ects designed to develop self reliance at both the communit/ and local government levels* 'AFs T0; million &rban Search and !escue capabilit/ development pro4ect will enhance national urban search and rescue operational capabilit/ though the establishment and pre positioning of stockpiles of eBuipment to enable timel/ response to such incidents* The initiative is funded under a cost sharing arrangement over four /ears between the Australian )overnment and the States*

#o nterin; terroris* thro ;h international relationships AustraliaFs relationships with our neighbours and international partners pla/ an important role in protecting our people+ assets and infrastructure from terrorism* AustraliaFs international counter terrorism arrangements aim to increase regional understanding of the nature of the terrorist threatJ identif/ terrorists and den/ them the operating environment to plan and execute attacksJ disrupt terrorist networks and strengthen the counter terrorism capabilities of our international partners and allies* The AFP "nternational Liaison #etwork is a vital tool in this strateg/* The #etwork is made up of :9 officers in 33 posts across 1= countries* Additional funding has also been provided in the 199= 9: -udget for Liaison $fficers to be posted to Laos* This will enable the AFP to work collaborativel/ with Lao law enforcement agencies on a range of issues* AS"$ has also enhanced its international effectiveness through increased cooperation with overseas agencies* "n 199<G9= A&ST!AC signed two new international xchange "nstruments with 5apan and Albania and agreed to an updated xchange "nstrument with the &nited 6ingdom* These instruments+ along with over 89 other such instruments+ allow A&ST!AC to exchange financial intelligence with foreign counterparts* #ew agreements signed in 199< on international criminal 4ustice cooperation+ with 'ala/sia+ Thailand and China will also strengthen AustraliaFs abilit/ to counter terrorism b/ facilitating law enforcement investigations into a range of transnational crimes* Attorne/D)eneralFs portfolio agencies continue to pla/ a significant role in AustraliaFs efforts to build regional capacit/ to counter terrorism through a number of initiatives* The Australian )overnment has previousl/ allocated T3<*: million over the five /ears to 199A to develop the 5akarta Centre for Law nforcement Cooperation >5CL C@ in "ndonesia* 5CL C provides the AFP with a bilateral forum to establish regionall/ consistent investigative practices through training initiatives* Since it was opened in 199; 5CL C has hosted :; courses for over 0+A99 participants*

The AFP is also providing technical investigations and forensic training to counterparts in the Philippines and Thailand to improve the investigative capacit/ of those police forces* The AFP is currentl/ working with Solomon "slands counterparts to establish a Solomon "slands Transnational Crime &nit and over the past /ear has assisted Fi4i+ Samoa+ Tonga+ 2anuatu and Papua #ew )uinea and 'icronesia to establish Transnational Crime &nits within their police forces*

The AFPFs Australian -omb %ata Centre is working with partner law enforcement agencies to establish -omb %ata Centres in the Philippines+ 'ala/sia+ Thailand and "ndonesia* $nce operational+ these centres will collect+ collate and anal/se information concerning explosives incidents+ contributing to intelligence on the threat posed b/ the use of explosives b/ terrorists*

A number of areas within A)% are working with counterparts in the Pacific and South ast Asia to establish and strengthen legal s/stems that prevent terrorism* The !egional Legal Assistance &nit works with the governments of other countries to ensure that all forms of terrorist activit/ are criminalised b/ developing legislation that implements the international counter terrorism conventions and protocols and related &nited #ations Securit/ Council !esolutions* The &nit also assists governments to establish or strengthen frameworks for international criminal 4ustice cooperation including extradition and mutual assistance*

A)%Fs AntiD'one/ Laundering Assistance Team is working with Pacific countries to establish s/stems to combat terrorist financing and mone/ laundering* $ver the past /ear+ the Team has provided a variet/ of technical assistance to Pacific countries including facilitating the establishment of the Solomon "slandsF Financial "ntelligence &nit and providing inDcountr/ mentoring to its anal/sts+ conducting a workshop for representatives of 08 Pacific Financial "ntelligence &nits and presenting workshops on anti mone/ laundering and countering the financing of terrorism in Tonga and Solomon "slands+ and for the 4udiciar/ and -ar in Palau*

A&ST!AC assists its counterpart agencies in the South ast Asia region to build anti mone/ laundering and counter terrorism financing capacit/ through a range of initiatives* "n 199= A&ST!AC will work with counterparts in Cambodia+ Laos+

'/anmar+ 2ietnam+ -runei+ Singapore+ Thailand+ "ndonesia+ 'ala/sia and the Philippines and will coordinate two counter terrorism financing workshops for AP C economies* arl/ in 199=+ A&ST!AC commenced the WFinancial "ntelligence &nit in a boxF pro4ect to assist financial intelligence units in several Pacific "sland countries to improve their "T capacit/ to track suspicious transactions* Customs is working with counterparts in "ndonesia+ the Philippines+ 'ala/sia+ and Thailand through a series of inter agenc/ workshops designed to strengthen relationships and improve operational effectiveness in maritime border environments and is delivering eBuipment and support programs in ke/ areas of "ndonesia+ 'ala/sia and the Philippines to help them introduce and maintain the use of technolog/ such as CCT2+ 7 ra/ and tools for trace detection of explosives and drugs* "n August 199< the Australian )overnment announced a T8A3 million funding boost for the AFPFs "nternational %eplo/ment )roup >"%)@ to recruit more officers to be deplo/ed overseas* Those officers are helping to ensure the stabilit/ of AustraliaFs neighbouring countries+ strengthen law enforcement capabilities across the region and address the threats of transnational crime and terrorism* Currentl/+ the "%) is engaged in activities in Solomon "slands+ Timor Leste+ Tonga and 2anuatu* In s **ary These measures are part of a multi la/ered approach to ensure our counter terrorism arrangements remain strong and sustainable* $ver the next /ear and into the future+ the Attorne/D)eneralFs %epartment and portfolio agencies will continue to work at home and internationall/ to counter terrorism and protect AustraliaFs national securit/*

1. 310:*9 D !egional Population )rowth+ Australia+ 199;D9< * Australian -ureau of Statistics*

2. u The Statistical %istrict which encompasses Canberra also includes the neighbouring cit/ of Cueanbe/an+ #ew South .ales* !etrieved from IhttpHLLen*wikipedia*orgLwikiLListYofYAustralianYcapitalYcitiesI CategoriesH Australian capital cities Hidden categoriesH All articles with unsourced statements v Articles with unsourced statements since 5anuar/ 199: SiteH httpHLLen*wikipedia*orgLwikiLAustraliafForeignYrelationsYandYtheYmilitar/ 0A:: CollierFs (ear -ook

X Pressure )roupsV httpHLLwww*antinuclear*netLAustN19DN19SecretsN19PN19LiesN19*htm 011

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< Internet> Retrieved April 13, 2008 from http://www.antin 'lear.net/A &tM20(M20/e'ret& M20?M200ie&M20.htm

Fur1 a" *u'#ear %a!"e +i!gra'e or S1+*e1 &e9s.co*.a By Si*on Benson Dan ary <9, <888 D ITH #S. )overnment is planning to excavate a secret radioactive dump on premium harbourfront real estate and truck the dangerous material to S/dne/Ks western suburbs* 'ore than 39 /ears after discovering it was emitting significant levels of radiation+ #S. Health is attempting to dump its nuclear problem on the people of western S/dne/ so it can sell a multiDmillion dollar block of land* %eca/ing awa/ on the modest residential block at #elson Pde+ Hunters Hill+ ;km west of the C-%+ is an estimated 0999 tonnes of radioactive waste buried under a few centimetres of soil* According to the %epartment of nvironmentKs records+ the land contains tailings of uranium 13:+ thorium 139+ lead 109 and radium 11<* -oth the %epartment of nvironment and #S. Health maintained the site was completel/ safe* -ut a compan/ contracted b/ The %ail/ Telegraph 4ust last week detected radioactive gamma ra/s of up to 09 times higher than acceptable exposure levels at the site D which residents are now onl/ learning was once home to AustraliaKs first uranium processing plant S'ie*"i!"! !i#e*'e+ o;er =HP +e!a# p#a*"6 MP AB# &e9s 4ct <?, <88@ A South Australian State 'P sa/s )overnment scientists are being gagged from speaking out about the environmental impact of a proposed desalination plant in &pper Spencer )ulf*-HP -illiton wants to build the largest desalination plant in the southern hemisphere to suppl/ water for its proposed $l/mpic %am expansion*

Co,pa*1'! *u'#ear p#a*! '!&o'3' Garre"" - AB# 3e;ional 4nline 1$ D ne 8? D I The Federal $pposition sa/s the )overnment should rule out uranium enrichment facilities for Australia*

&ranium from Australian mines could be powering !ussian nuclear power plants b/ the end of the /ear+ Federal )overnment officials sa/* The Howard )overnment is close to finalising a treat/ with 2ladimir PutinKs regime to allow exports of Australian /ellowcake+ and possibl/ enriched uranium $ .(

&ntil 0AA9 all !A sales of uranium concentrate were from !anger production* $ver several /ears the spot price of uranium concentrates was below the cost of production at !anger+ which made it advantageous over 0AA9DA= for !A to purchase supplies from third parties* ConseBuentl/ the amount of such material in overall sales rose to the 0AA8 level of 0;09 tonnes+ 4ust exceeding that /earKs mine production* The third part/ concentrates concerned mostl/ came from the !epublic of 6a,akhstan* !A sales are mostl/ under contracts with customers who are prepared to pa/ a price premium for longDterm securit/ of suppl/* "n 199= production at !anger was ;801 tonnes of & 3$:
All !A uranium oxide sales are to energ/ utilities in 5apan+ South 6orea+ &6+ France+ )erman/+ Spain+ Sweden and the &nited States under international and bilateral safeguards regulations* !A supplies about 01N of the worldKs uranium production* Asia is a particularl/ important market+ with most of the compan/Ks premium priced contracts there supplied from !anger*

Re!er;e! Q Re!our'e!6 The !anger 0 orebod/+ which was mined out in %ecember 0AA;+ started off with 0= million tonnes of ore some of which is still stockpiled* The !anger 3 nearb/ is slightl/ larger+ and open pit mining of it commenced in 0AA=* "n 199= it was decided to extend the pit to access further ore >included in the resource figures below@*

"n 0AA0 !A bought from Pancontinental 'ining Ltd the richer 5abiluka orebod/ >briefl/ known as #orth !anger@+ 19 km to the north of the processing plant and with a lease ad4oining the !anger lease* !A was proposing initiall/ to produce 0999 tL/r from 5abiluka concurrentl/ with !anger 3* The preferred option involved trucking the 5abiluka ore to the existing !anger mill+ rather than setting up a new plant+ tailings and waste water s/stem to treat it on site as envisaged in an original "S approved in 0A=A* However+ all these plans are now superseded D see

5abiluka paper*

Ra*ger Ore Re!er;e! a*+ Re!our'e!: A4N4-N8?

Ore !anger stockpile Proved P probable reserves 19*33 00*==

Gra+e UAO9 Co*"ai*e+ UAO9 $"o**e!. 13+=89 1;+A30 9*01 9*11

$,i##io* ". $R.

Total reserves "nferred resources Total resources

31*00 08*30 81*3A

9*0; 9*00 9*03 9*01

8A+<=0 30+:9A 0:+=;A ;9+;<=

'easured P indicated resources 1:*9:

"n #ovember 199< !A announced that it would build a processing plant to treat 0*< million tonnes of stockpiled lateritic ore over seven /ears from mid 199:* Following initial treatment it will be fed into the main plant+ contributing 899 tL/r &3$: to production*

"n 199< the operating life of the !anger plant was extended to 1919 due to an improvement in the market price enabling treatment of lower grade ores+ and in 199= a decision to extend the operating pit at a cost of T;= million means that mining will continue to 1901* Studies on a further possible mine extension are under wa/* Plant cost is estimated at T38 million* A new radiometric sorting plant is also due to be commissioned in mid 199:*

O''upa"io*a# Hea#"& Q Sa e"16 !adiation doses received b/ emplo/ees are all well below recommended limits* The designated emplo/ees >most exposed to radiation@ received an average dose of 0*8 millisieverts per /ear above natural background in 199= compared with the recommended annual limit of 19 mSv averaged over ; /ears* "n first half of 199= the maximum dose to an/ person was 3*A mSv+ hence less than : mSvL/r*

The #ational Safet/ Council has awarded a Five Star safet/ rating to !A+ although it had two /ears at the 3 and 8Dstar levels during its T;9 million plant construction program+ which involved man/ contractors* "n 0AA8 !A was the first Australian mine to be awarded the ;Dstar rating+ putting it in the top ;N of all industr/ occupational health and safet/ performance*

I* ra!"ru'"ure6 Along with building other infrastructure used b/ the public+ the Compan/ set up the town of 5abiru nearb/* .hile it was initiall/ envisaged that this would be solel/ a mining town+ it has become an important regional centre for tourism and government services+ including management of the #ational Park* Some 199 999 tourists visit the area each /ear*

E*;iro*,e*"a# Ma*age,e*"

!A has been recognised for its worldDclass environmental management+ achieving "S$ 08990 certification in 1993*

&ntil 0AA< tailings from the treatment plant were emplaced in an engineered dam on the lease+ but the/ are now being deposited into the worked out f0 pit* #o process or other contaminated water is released from the site*

The !anger mine is on a =:<9 hectare lease which is surrounded b/ the .orld Heritage listed 6akadu #ational Park of 0*A: million hectares* About ;99 hectares is actuall/ disturbed b/ the mining and milling activities >9*91;N of the total area@* !A announced in 199; that it was focusing on plans for closure of the mine in 199:+ with processing to finish in 1900* #et present cost of closure and rehabilitation to a standard allowing transfer of the mine lease to the 6akadu #ational Park is expected to be AT0=< million+ which is provided for*

!ainfall is monsoonal+ with =99D1199 mm >average 0;89 mm@ falling in the wet season* The vegetation at !anger is tropical open eucal/pt forest+ similar to much of the #ational Park*

The pro4ect area is leased from the Aboriginal traditional owners+ title to the land being held b/ the 6akadu Land Trust* The Compan/ makes a pa/ment of 8*1;N of its gross sales revenue plus an annual rental of T199 999 for the use of the land* !anger has paid a total of T19=*= million in nominal terms in ro/alties since the pro4ect began in 0A:9* The mone/ is paid to the Commonwealth )overnment and ultimatel/ distributed to #orthern Territor/Dbased Aboriginal groups+ including the Traditional $wners+ under the terms of the CommonwealthKs Aboriginal Land !ights >#T@ Act of 0A=<* Additional pa/ments of over T= million are on account of 5abiluka*

The Compan/ has a substantial environmental division+ emplo/ing about 39 people and with an annual budget of nearl/ A T3 million* Part of this environmental effort is directed to land management issues of relevance not simpl/ to !anger+ but to the surrounding #ational Park and .orld Heritage area* These include maintenance of biodiversit/+ fire management including control burning >which is ver/ important and contentious in the region@+ terrestrial and aBuatic weed control+ feral animal control+ m/corrhi,al establishment+ and rehabilitation of disturbed areas >including rock waste dumps+ etc@* !anger is possibl/ the first mining operation deliberatel/ to burn its own revegetated areas to assist the development of an appropriate vegetation communit/ > ucal/pts and )revilleas instead of Acacia dominance@* !elated issues being studied include artificial wetland filters+ soil formation from waste rock+ and h/drolog/*

Among !angerKs long term research priorities are pro4ects which are relevant to eventual use of the land b/ its aboriginal owners*

!AKs success in environmental management has given rise to a consultanc/+ arth .ater Life Sciences+ which is gaining significant business based on !angerKs environmental reputation*

#otwithstanding an/ results that ma/ come from the ongoing exploration program+ the compan/ has developed its plans for mine closure* A mine closure model has been prepared+ and circulated to stakeholders+ resulting in an estimate of the technical+ environmental+ social and other costs+ through to final closure on both the !anger pro4ect area and surrounds* This closure model is now the sub4ect of review and refinement internall/ and with stakeholders*

This model+ which will be progressivel/ refined over the coming /ears+ has been used as the basis for calculating the financial provision reBuired for eventual closure at the end of mine life* At the end of 199; the net present value of the closure model for the !anger pro4ect area and surrounds was estimated at AT0:< million+ full/ provided for in the balance sheet*

!A+ separatel/+ is obliged to secure funds for certain costs of rehabilitation in case of an/ need for premature closure* An annuall/ amended plan is submitted to government outlining this provision+ which is reviewed b/ an independent auditor* 'one/ for this purpose is partl/ in a trust fund administered b/ the Commonwealth government and partl/ covered b/ bank guarantee*

4ly*pic )a*

The $l/mpic %am copper and uranium mine+ with the town of !oxb/ %owns+ is located ;<9 km north of Adelaide+ near the opal mining centre of Andamooka* This is an arid part of Australia+ receiving onl/ an average of onl/ 0<9 mm of rain per /ear+ and that rather unreliabl/* The massive deposit is underground+ some 3;9 metres below the surface+ and is the largest known uranium orebod/ in the world*

Hi!"or16 The deposit was discovered in 0A=; b/ .estern 'ining Corporation Ltd which was looking for copper in buried sedimentar/ rocks* After considering geoph/sical data a drill hole was sunk near a small stock water dam known as $l/mpic %am* "t struck copper+ and later drilling confirmed a resource of more than 1999 million tonnes of ore containing both copper and uranium* From 0A=A the deposit was developed as a 5oint 2enture with -ritish Petroleum Ltd* "n 0A:; it was decided to proceed with the pro4ect+ and production commenced in 0A::*

.'C >$l/mpic %am Corporation@ Pt/ Ltd is the management compan/+ a wholl/Downed subsidiar/ of -HP -illiton Limited+ which took over .'C !esources in mid 199;* "nitiall/ -P 'inerals Ltd was a 8AN partner in the enterprise+ but .'C took over -P 'ineralsK share in 0AA3 for T30; million*

"n mid 0AA< .'C announced a AT 01;9 million program to more than double annual production b/ 1990+ to 199+999 tonnes copper and 3=99 tonnes uranium concentrate* This expansion program was then accelerated+ bringing the increased capacit/ on line in 0AAA+ with the cost eventuall/ rising to AT 0*A8 billion and the uranium capacit/ to 8<99 tonnes &3$: per /ear*

-efore the mid 199; takeover b/ -HP -illiton+ .'C !esources committed AT A9 million over two /ears to assess the potential for doubling the si,e of $l/mpic %am and in particular to take the resource categorisation of the southern orebod/ through to proven reserves and thus demonstrate the viabilit/ of a much expanded operation D up to 0;+999 tL/r &3$: >with ;99+999 tL/r copper@* The capital cost involved would be at least AT; billion* Some T8 billion has alread/ been invested in the mine+ including T<:9 million over 1990D98+ and in 1998 the mine generated AT 0099 million in export income*

The stud/ will include =1 km of drilling on the southern deposit and assessing mining options including possibl/ a massive open pit >3 km wide+ 0
km deep@ to access the orebod/* $ver 1999 km of drilling was involved in defining the orebod/ to 5une 199=* The preDfeasibilit/ stud/ to decide among the development options+ with the environmental impact stud/+ will be completed in 199:* A feasibilit/ stud/ to define the options will be complete earl/ 199A+ and construction of the expanded operations is envisaged 199AD03*

See also httpHLLbhpbilliton*comLbbLour-usinessesLbase'etalsLol/mpic%am*4sp

"n mid 199= -HP -illiton floated an alternative treatment strateg/* This would involve exporting copper concentrate rather than refined copper+ and hence some uranium contained in it* -ecause the $% ore contains copper+ uranium+ silver and gold in close association+ the common procedure of simpl/ selling a copper concentrate with precious metals has not been viable+ since at least some of the uranium would be in it+ creating both processing and safeguards complications for the smelter operator* 'ost of the uranium is removed at the flotation stage when the copper sulfide is separated from the remainder of the ore+ which is then tailings and the main uranium recover/ is from acid leaching of these tailings* Secondar/ uranium recover/ is from acid leaching the copper concentrate+ which then goes on to be smelted+ containing about 8;N copper and 9*90 to 9*0;N uranium* At present smelting is done at $%+ followed b/ electro refining+ and the further traces of uranium are recovered at these stages*

The new proposal being considered would export the copper concentrate with enough uranium still present to reBuire the application of safeguards+ so that it was all accounted for* Hence smelting could onl/ be undertaken in one of 3< countries with which Australia has a bilateral safeguards agreement+ plus the heav/ industr/ infrastructure reBuired* China has been mentioned+ but 5apan and South 6orea might also be candidates*

"f all the copper from the expanded $% operation were exported as concentrate+ an average of 0*1 million tonnes per /ear would be involved+ containing up to 1999 tonnes of uranium* The ma4or part of the uranium D about 03+999 tL/r+ would be recovered and processed as at present* The alternative strateg/ for the expanded production from $% would greatl/ diminish the investment cost of the expansion since smelting and refining for the copper increment would not be reBuired* The infrastructure needed to operate it D notabl/ electricit/ D would also be less*

"n 1990 the plant produced 83=A tonnes of uranium oxide concentrate >83;; tonnes of &3$:@+ diminished because of a fire in the solvent extraction plant* * Production in 1991 and 1993 remained depressed but recovered in 1998 and 199; >83=9 P 833; t &3$: respectivel/@ @ before dropping to 33:0*; t in 199<* 199= production was 3A:; tonnes* &ranium recover/ is about =9N+ due to about half of the uranium being in the form of refractor/ brannerite+ but an improved leach process was able to lift recover/ to :1N*

Sulfur dioxide from the copper minerals is made into acid and used in uranium processing*

Sales figures are understood to be close to the production figures* About 19N of the revenue is from uranium+ =;N from copper and ;N gold and silver*

Sales of uranium concentrate are made under longDterm contracts to electric utilities in Canada+ &SA+ 5apan+ South 6orea+ Finland+ Sweden+ -elgium+ France and the &nited 6ingdom*

Pro'e!!6

Following primar/ crushing underground+ the ore is ground and treated in a copper sulphide flotation plant* About :9N of the uranium minerals remain in the tailings from the flotation cells+ from which the/ are recovered b/ acid leaching* The copper concentrate is also processed through an acid leach to recover most of the other 19N of the uranium* The pregnant liBuor is then separated from the barren tailings and in the solvent extraction plant the uranium is removed using kerosene with an amine as a solvent* The solvent is then stripped+ using an ammonium sulphate solution and in4ected gaseous ammonia* (ellow ammonium diuranate is then precipitated from the loaded strip solution b/ raising the pH+ and removed b/ centrifuge* "n a furnace the diuranate is converted to uranium oxide product+ &3$:*

Re!er;e! Q Re!our'e!6 $l/mpic %am has enormous reserves of ore in a hematite breccia complex+ with 130+999 tonnes of contained uranium oxide* The overall resource contains some 1*18 million tonnes of uranium oxide in a hematite breccia complex* .hile the grade of the uranium ore is lower than man/ mines or potential mines which have the benefit of open cut operation+ the fact that copper is a coDproduct with uranium from that same ore >at 1*0N Cu in the proved and 0*:N Cu in the probable reserves@ means that such grades are viable*

O#1,pi' Da, Ura*iu, Ore Re!er;e! a*+ Re!our'e! a" A8N0N8?

Ore or Re!our'e Gra+e UAO9 Co*"ai*e+ UAO9

Pro;e+ Ore Re!er;e! Pro2a2#e Ore Re!er;e! Mea!ure+ Re!our'e! I*+i'a"e+ Re!our'e! I* erre+ Re!our'e! To"a# Re!our'e!

$,i##io* "o**e!. <0 33A 0300 301A 31A: ==3:

$R. 9*9<3 9*9;= 9*93< 9*91< 9*93 9*91A

$"o**e!. 3:+899 0A3+199 8=1+999 A9=+999 :;=+;99 -:-BB:888

#-* !esources inlcude !eserves*

The new figures announcing a 1=N increase in uranium resources+ to 1*18 million tonnes of uranium oxide >0*A 't&@ in September 199= were based on 19A; km of drilling over the previous two /ears and confirmed the deposit as the worldKs largest for uranium* "t covers an area of over < km b/ 3*; km+ is up to 1 km deep and remains open laterall/ and at depth as the drilling program continues*

O''upa"io*a# Hea#"& Q Sa e"16 The mine is well ventilated with powerful fans so that radiation exposure from radon daughters is ver/ low* xposure from gamma radiation is also minimal+ due to the low grade of uranium mineralisation* The average annual radiation exposure level >over the 0*; mSvL/r background@ for all designated underground workers in 0AAAD1999 was 0*= millisieverts >ranging up to A*A mSv@* These levels compare ver/ favourabl/ with the annual limit of 19 mSvL/r averaged over five /ears*

The site has implemented a Safet/ 'anagement S/stem which is compliant to Level 3 xempt Status under the state occupational safet/ organisation+ and this has been officiall/ recognised*

I* ra!"ru'"ure6 xpansion of the mine will bring ma4or infrastructure challenges* The present 01 )LL/r water consumption >met from the )reat Artesian -asin@ will grow+ possibl/ to 8: )LL/r+ reBuiring a consideration of other sources including a coastal desalination plant with pipeline to $l/mpic %am* The operation now uses 09N of the stateKs baseDload power and the expansion will add demand for another 399 '.e+ the source of which needs to be determined* The C$1 output from power generation attributable to the operation is likel/ to grow from 0 to some 8 'tL/r if coalDfired generation continues to be used*

E*;iro*,e*"a# Ma*age,e*"

The mine lease of 0:+999 hectares is managed b/ -HP -illiton $l/mpic %am* The mine+ smelter and infrastructure occup/ about =*;N of the lease area* nvironmental management activities account for approximatel/ one third of expenditure from the overall environmental budget+ which is in excess of AT 1 million* "n Februar/ 199;+ $l/mpic %am was successful in obtaining "S$08990 certification for the site nvironmental 'anagement S/stem*

The mine lease and the ad4acent 00+999 hectare municipal lease have been destocked >of sheep and cattle@ since 0A:<* Following the release of rabbit haemorrhagic disease >!H%@+ rabbit numbers in the region dropped significantl/+ and are currentl/ at approximatel/ 89 per sBuare kilometre+ compared 1 with plague numbers of up to <99 Lkm in the late 0A:9s* !ed 6angaroo numbers on the mine lease are about 19 per sBuare kilometre+ which is slightl/ higher than surrounding areas because of the access to water* "n order to discourage wildlife from entering the tailings storage facilit/+ alternative waterholes have been provided and deterrents installed on the dams and ponds* The evaporation ponds have been fenced with fine mesh to exclude small mammals and reptiles* Foxes and cats are controlled on the lease b/ shooting and trapping*

-HP -illiton $l/mpic %am manages four pastoral stations in the area surrounding the mine and municipal leases with a total area of 0+03<+999 hectares* These properties are conservativel/ stocked to maximise protection of sites of environmental or cultural significance*

The Arid !ecover/ pro4ect+ which covers an area of :+<99 hectares+ is situated largel/ on the mine lease and -HP -illitonDoperated pastoral stations+ with the remaining area >< hectares@ donated b/ local pastoralists* Arid !ecover/ is an ecos/stem restoration initiative working to restore AustraliaKs arid lands* The program is a partnership between -HP -illiton+ the South Australian %epartment for nvironment and Heritage+ the &niversit/ of Adelaide and the communit/ group Friends of Arid !ecover/* The reserve is surrounded b/ a uniBue cat+ rabbit and foxDproof fence* Five locall/ extinct species have been reintroduced into the reserve*

-efore clearing is undertaken for an/ development work or exploration on the mine and municipal leases+ an nvironmentalL"ndigenous Heritage Clearance Permit is reBuired* %uring this process+ all significant slowDgrowing trees and shrubs and areas of cultural significance are identified* fforts are made to minimise disturbance caused b/ operational activit/ on the leases+ and rehabilitation is undertaken afterwards where practical* Considerable attention has been given to rehabilitation of the hundreds of drill pads+ some dating from initial exploration+ so that man/ are now scarcel/ visible even on aerial photos*

!ock waste and the coarse fraction of tailings are used as mine backfill* Fine tailings material+ still containing potentiall/ valuable minerals >rare earths etc*@ is emplaced in tailings dams on the lease covering about 899 hectares*

%uring 0AA8 seepage of contaminated water from the tailings dams was identified* This was of concern to the compan/+ the regulators and the public because of the perceived threat to the Bualit/ of groundwater immediatel/ below the tailings dams* Studies undertaken demonstrated that the pollutants in the seepage were Buickl/ adsorbed on to cla/s and limestone in the soil and rock under the tailings dams+ and+ due to the low permeabilit/ and

transmissivit/ of the rock+ that there was no potential harm to the groundwater resource* The level of the groundwater under the tailings dams is monitored and modelled on a Buarterl/ basis*

-HP -illiton $l/mpic %am submits an nvironmental 'anagement and 'onitoring report annuall/ to the %epartment of Primar/ "ndustries and !esources South Australia >P"!SA@ and the nvironment Protection Authorit/ > PA@* This comprehensive report covers all areas of potential environmental impact+ including air emissions+ site groundwater management+ water suppl/ and management of the )reat Artesian -asin+ flora and fauna monitoring and annual radiation dose to members of the public* !eporting on progress with action items identified in the nvironmental 'anagement Program is provided+ as well as involvement with communit/ activities*

The annual Sustainabilit/ !eport is on the web httpHLLbhpbilliton*comLbbLsustainable%evelopmentLreports*4sp

$l/mpic %am has a !ehabilitation and Closure Plan covering cost estimate basis+ summar/ of closure reBuirements >for the metallurgical facilities+ pilot plant+ mine+ tailings dams+ wellfields+ exploration areas+ town facilities+ power line corridor and miscellaneous facilities@+ communit/ consultation reBuirements+ closure strateg/ >including post operational land use ob4ective and completion criteria@ and closure plan review reBuirements* The plan provides a breakdown for each area to be decommissioned+ including engineering works reBuired >ie demolition and cleaning@+ environmental works >removal of contaminated material and rehabilitation@+ specific closure obligations for each area of plant+ final land use ob4ectives+ closure assumptions+ closure material sources+ waste disposal sites+ cost saving opportunities and liabilitiesLrisksLha,ards*

%emolition costs are budgeted based on Buotations from a specialist demolition contractor and rehabilitation costs are estimated based on a Buotation from a mining contractor with extensive rehabilitation experience* Progressive closure costs have been estimated for each /ear until actual closure of the site* The financial provision D AT 188 million at mid 199< D is calculated in line with -HP -illiton Accounting Standards*

Be2erley The -everle/ uranium deposit is ;19 kilometres north of Adelaide+ on the plains northDwest of Lake Frome and 1; kilometres north east of the Arkaroola !esort in the northern Flinders !anges* "t is a relativel/ /oung sandstone deposit with uranium mineralisation leached from the 'ount Painter region+ and is the basis of AustraliaKs first commercial in situ leach >"SL@ operation*

Hi!"or16 -everle/ was discovered in 0A<A b/ the $TP )roup >$ilmin #L+ Transoil #L+ P Petromin #L@* A draft "S was produced in 0A:1 but plans to mine it b/ in situ leaching >"SL@ were abandoned in 0A:3 when a newl/Delected South Australian )overnment made it clear that mining leases would not be approved* The deposit was sold to

Heathgate !esources Pt/ Ltd+ an affiliate of )eneral Atomics of &SA+ in 0AA9*

The deposit consists of three mineralised ,ones >north+ central and south@ in a buried palaeochannel >the -everle/ aBuifer@ in tertiar/ sediments of the Frome basin* )roundwater salinit/ ranges from 3999 mgLL total dissolved solids in the north to 01+999 mgLL T%S in the south* The aBuifer is isolated

from other groundwater+ notabl/ the )reat Artesian -asin about 0;9 metres below it and small aBuifers in the .illawortina Formation above+ which are used for stock watering*

A field leach trial in 0AA: was outstandingl/ successful+ with performance three times better than similar deposits in &SA+ and it established the commercial viabilit/ of the pro4ect*

A ro/alt/ eBuivalent to 1N of gross sales has been negotiated with four Aboriginal #ative Title Claimant groups+ and the first pa/ments totalling more than T099+999 were made to trust accounts in mid 1999* The agreements also provide for training+ emplo/ment+ communit/ pa/ments and administration pa/ments*

Pro+u'"io* a*+ Sa#e!6 Production+ licensed to reach 00:9 tL/r &3$: eBuivalent+ commenced from the north mineralised ,one in #ovember 1999 though no product was drummed until 1990+ when production totalled ;8< tonnes &3$:* xports commenced in 1990* Production for 1998 reached 09:8 tonnes &3$: but dropped to A== tonnes in 199;+ :18*< t in 199< and =8: tonnes in 199=* "n first six months of 199< it was 3<1*; t* Sales contracts are with power utilities in &SA* From 199A production is pro4ected to increase to 0;99 tL/r*

Pro'e!!6 The mine consists of wellfields which are progressivel/ established over the orebod/ as uranium is depleted from sections of the orebod/ immediatel/ underneath* .ellfield design is on a grid with alternating extraction and in4ection wells+ each of identical design and t/pical of normal water bores* The spacing between in4ection wells is about 39 metres with each pattern of four having a central extraction well* A series of monitor wells are situated around each mineralised ,one to detect an/ movement of mining fluids outside the mining area*

Submersible electric pumps initiall/ extract native groundwater from the host aBuifer prior to the addition of uranium complexing reagents >acid@ and an oxidant >h/drogen peroxide or ox/gen@ before in4ection into the wellfield* The wells are cased to ensure that liBuors onl/ flow to and from the ore ,one and do not affect an/ overl/ing aBuifers* The/ are pressure tested before use* The leach liBuors pass through the ore to oxidise and dissolve the

uranium minerals in situ* The pregnant solution from the production wells is pumped to the treatment plant where the uranium is recovered in a resin ion exchange >"7@ s/stem*

The uranium is then stripped from the ion exchange resin+ and precipitated with h/drogen peroxide* The uranium slurr/ is dewatered and dried to give h/drated uranium peroxide >&$8*1H1$@ product*

-efore the remaining process solution is rein4ected+ it is ox/genated and if necessar/ recharged with sulfuric acid to maintain a pH of about 1*9 to 3*9* 'ost of the solution is returned to the in4ection wells+ but a ver/ small flow >about 9*;N@ is bled off to maintain a pressure gradient in the wellfield and this+ with some solutions from surface processing+ is treated as waste* "t contains various dissolved minerals such as radium+ arsenic and iron from the orebod/ and is rein4ected into approved disposal wells in a depleted portion of the orebod/* This bleed of process solution ensures that there is a stead/ flow into the wellfield from the surrounding aBuifer+ and serves to restrict the flow of mining solutions awa/ from the mining area*

Figure 15- =e;er#1 Ura*iu, ISL pro'e!!i*g p#a*"

Re!er;e!6 Three ore lenses in unconsolidated sands lie at a depth of 099D039 metres+ over some 8 km of palaeochannel* The/ contain at least 10 999 tonnes of uranium oxide at 9*0:N grade+ much of which is recoverable b/ in situ leaching+ making it the largest Australian "SL deposit* "n #ovember 199< the compan/ applied to extend the mine lease to take in contiguous ground with further ore*

O''upa"io*a# Hea#"& a*+ Sa e"16 The usual radiation protection measures are applied+ despite the fact that most of the orebod/Qs radioactivit/ remains well underground and there is hence minimal increase in radon release and no ore dust* %esignated emplo/ees wear personal dosimeters to measure exposure to gamma radiation and radon daughter concentration is measured regularl/ in the plant area* !outine monitoring of air+ dust and surface contamination is also undertaken*

E*;iro*,e*"a# Ma*age,e*"6 An nvironmental 'anagement and 'onitoring Plan > ''P@ has been developed with the regulating authorities+ who determined the reBuirements of it+ including those for radiation protection* The Plan provides for ongoing management of ever/ aspect of the operation* 'onitoring to detect possible hori,ontal excursions from the mining ,one or an/ vertical leakage into other aBuifers is a fundamental facet of mine operations*

"n contrast to the main "SL operations in &SA extracting uranium from aBuifers with potable water+ the groundwater Bualit/ at -everle/ is ver/ low+ being fairl/ saline and orders of magnitude too high in radionuclides for an/ permitted use to start with* Fluids from mined areas are progressivel/ moved to

new mining areas+ thus reducing the overall effect on the aBuifer* After completion of mining+ when ox/gen input and leaching are discontinued+ the groundwater reverts to about pH 8*;+ and then over time to its original condition at about pH =*

Heathgate bought the 13;9 sB km .ooltana pastoral lease+ from which the 03*; sB km pro4ect area is fenced off and destocked* This area+ mainl/ 'itchell grass plain+ will be allowed to rehabilitate naturall/ to guide later revegetation of mined areas*

&pon decommissioning a wellfield+ wells are sealed and capped+ pipes are removed and the surface revegetated progressivel/* At the end of the mineKs life+ process facilities will be removed and after discussion with the stakeholders the land can revert to its previous uses* Heathgate has provided financial guarantees to the state government in respect to ongoing mine site rehabilitation up to the final completion of mining*

The 3an;er 6rani * Mine$ .(4-A >httpHLLwww*anawa*org*auLntLranger*htm@

The !anger &ranium 'ine lies within the ecological boundaries of the 6akadu #ational Park .orld Heritage area+ in the eastern edge of the Park* Legall/+ it occupies a mineral lease cut+ or excised from the park* The !anger mine was the first new mine to go ahead in the second wave of uranium mining in Australia+ and it holds a significant place in the histor/ of indigenous land rights in this countr/* %espite an Aboriginal Land !ights "nBuir/+ the !anger &ranium nvironmental "nBuir/+ strong public opposition+ determined opposition of the traditional owners and dissent within the Australian Labor Part/+ !anger went into production in 0A:9* nerg/ !esources Australia >now owned b/ global mining giant !io Tinto@ has created more than 0< million tonnes of radioactive tailings+ and are struggling unsuccesfull/ to keep the pollutants within the mine boundaries* -ecause of 6akaduKs heav/ monsoonal rainfall+ discharges of radioactive water have plagued the mine since it commenced operations* The local Traditional $wners signed the !anger Agreement under considerable duress+ and have seen the promised benefits to their communites evaporate like a mirage*
123

<Internet> Retrieved April 13,2008 from httpHLLwww*anawa*org*auLntLranger*htm

!anger is due to close within the next few /ears as the resource is all but mined out* "ts future hinges on being able to establish the 5abiluka mine 19km to the north and truck the ore to !anger for milling* "t is this option which the 'irrar People have vetoed+ putting the future of both !anger and 5abiluka in doubt* X Australian mbass/ PhilippinesV 018

)e+ence #ooperation !ro;ra* The relationship is largel/ supported through reciprocal training under the %efence Cooperation Program >%CP@ between the Philippines and Australia* This program sees both Australian and Philippine Service personnel and civilians undergoing training in both countries* This takes the form of longDterm professional development courses for personnel at %efence institutions in Australia and the Philippines+ 'obile Training Team visits to various Philippine bases+ and the attendance b/ Philippine Service personnel and civilians at individual training courses in Australia* !hilippine A stralia )e+ence Scholars Association The Philippine Australia %efence Scholars Association "ncorporated >PA%SA@ has existed in 'anila since 1990* 'embership of PA%SA is open to graduates of Australian %efence courses and %efenceDsponsored training+ and is aimed at promoting fellowship amongst Australian militar/ training*

PA%SA is an avenue whereb/ personnel who have undergone Australian %efence courses or %efenceDsponsored training are able to interact and foster friendship and camaraderie between and among members* PA%SA membership is open to current and retired members of the %epartment of #ational %efense+ the Armed Forces of the Philippines or the Philippine Coast )uard who have benefited from the Australian %efence Cooperation Program*
12+

<Internet> Retrieved April 13,2008 from http://www.a &tralia.'om.ph/mnla/8efen'e.html

The patron of PA%SA is &ndersecretar/ Ton/ Santos+ &ndersecretar/ for Plans+ Polic/ and Special Concerns in the Philippine %epartment of #ational %efense* "nBuiries about PA%SA can be directed to manila*defencewdfat*gov*au* A stralian )e+ence !articipation in the !hilippines The %efence Section of the Australian mbass/ acts as a conduit between the %efence organisations of Australia and the !epublic of the Philippines to enhance the militar/ relationship between the two countries* The %efence SectionFs vision and mission statements are as followsH Vi!io*6 %efence Section 'anila is to focus on achieving %efenceFs "nternational ngagement $b4ectives in the Philippines and local Pacific region while ensuring it is full/ integrated within the Australian mbass/ 'anila and forms part of the wholeDof government approach in the region* Mi!!io*6 %efence Section 'anila is to support the Australian %efence Attacha accredited to the !epublic of the Philippines+ the !epublic of Palau+ the Federated States of 'icronesia and the !epublic of the 'arshall "slands to achieve the reBuirements of the directive issued to him b/ the Chief of the Australian %efence Force and the Secretar/ of the Australian %epartment of %efence in order to ensure the success of AustraliaFs %efence engagement with the accredited countries and in the region*

The %efence Section also facilitates visits to Australia b/ officials of the %epartment of #ational %efense+ the Armed Forces of the Philippines+ the Philippine Coast )uard and other related agencies+ including students attending courses conducted in Australia* "n 199;+ there were 0:: personnel >including dependents@ who attended training+ seminars or official visits to Australia*

The %efence Section arranges and hosts visits to the Philippines b/ members of the Australian %epartment of %efence and related agancies+ as well as

attending to visiting Australian ships+ aircraft and personnel in all areas of the Philippines+ Australian %efence "ndustr/ representatives and other interested parties to enable them to meet their counterparts and customers within the countr/* The %efence Section generall/ acts as an experienced group of inDcountr/ facilitators in an/ %efenceD related activit/ involving both Australia and the Philippines* "n 199;+ there were 0<A official Australian visitors to the Philippines* The technologies currentl/ being researched areH The cover stor/+ entitled \The Australian +uccess of 0ussia]+ naturall/ has nothing but praise for the controversial AustraliaD!ussia #uclear Cooperation Agreement+ which weFve been discussing here on the blog for several months alread/* The article actuall/ shows several photos of the environmental devastation caused to Aboriginal lands b/ the giant openDpit operation at !io TintoFs !anger site in the #orthern Territor/+ but /ouFd never guess from this Parliament consists of two >1@ houses* The lower house is called the House of !epresentatives+ and the upper house is the Senate* "n terms of initiating legislation+ the constitutional powers of the two houses are the same except that the Senate cannot initiate or amend mone/ bills* Three /ears is the maximum term for the House of !epresentatives+ although the Prime 'inister ma/ call an earl/ election* Seats in the House are distributed among the states in proportion to their populationJ however+ there is a minimum delegation si,e of five seats+ a provision that benefits Tasmania+ which+ based solel/ on population+ would have had fewer* -oundaries are drawn so that each district within a given state contains roughl/ the same number of voters* "ndependent commissioners redefine the boundaries ever/ seven /ears* The Senate has 01 senators from each state with each serving a sixD/ear term* Six senators in each state come up for reelection ever/ three /ears* Senators are popularl/ elected+ with each state voting as a single electorate*

Constitution of Australia Australian %efence Strateg/ Foreign Polic/ 'etal StormD .orldFs First Totall/ lectronic Handgun Australian #uclear Capabilit/ Australian %efence !esearch Facilit/ 'aritime !esearch %evelopments Aviation !esearch %evelopments

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