Ekoplastik PPR Mont en

EPIC B521 G111 X721 2007
Ekoplastik PPR system
Assembly regulations PPR
FOR WATER AND HEATING
Intelligent Solutions for Plumbing & Heating Projects
ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

CONTENT I. II. III. IV. Utilisation of EKOPLASTIK PPR SYSTEM Warranty Terms and Conditions Product Range - Basic Information Properties of EKOPLASTIK PPR System 1. Advantages 2. Marking of Ekoplastik PPR system 3. Specification of raw material used in production 4. Product manufacturing and testing standards 5. EKOPLASTIK PPR system is certified in the following countries Assumed Media Properties in Piping Systems 1. Basic parameters of internal water distribution systems 2. Basic parameters of heating systems Operating Parameters of PPR Piping System Water Distribution Operating Parameters of PPR Piping System Heating 1. Design Concept of Heating Systems 2. Calculation of Piping Service Life in Heating Systems 3. An example of calculation of piping life value 4. Heating system modifications applied in respect of piping service life 5. Specific conditions of underfloor heating 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 XIII. Polyfusion Welding Working Procedures 1. Tools 2. Tool preparations 3. Material preparations 4. Welding procedures XIV. Welding by Electrofitting Working Procedures 1. Tools 2. Tool preparations 3. Welding procedures XV. 6 67 7 8-11 Repair of damaged piping 24 26 26 26 26 24 26 X. Assembly regulations 1. General 2. Linear expansion and contraction 3. Spacing distances of pipe supports 4. Pipe fixing 5. Pipeline routing 6. Linking of pipes into a system 7. Insulation 8. Pressure test Material Transport and Storage Closing Provisions Test certificate 12 22 12 13 17 18 18 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 22 23
XI. XII.
V.
VI.
VII.
57 56 6 6
26 26 26 26 27 28 29 35
XVI. Additional branching XVII. Pressure Loss Tables
VIII. EKOPLASTIK pipeline routing options IX. TABLES 1. Operating parameters of PPR piping for water-supply systems (according to DIN 8077/1997) 2. Operating parameters of PPR piping for heating (according to DIN 8077/1997) 3. Operating parameters of PPR piping system (according to CSN EN ISO 15874) 4. Mechanical strength PPR isothermal lines
8 9 10 11
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The pipe types are produced for various combinations of operating pressure and temperatures in separate pressure lines (of various wall thicknesses): EKOPLASTIK PPR pipes PN 10 generally for cold water and floor heating PN 16 generally for hot water and floor heating (according to the rules specified hereinafter) PN 20 generally for hot water and central heating EKOPLASTIK STABI pipes PN 20 generally used for hot water and central heating: (according to the rules specified hereinafter).
I. UTILISATION OF EKOPLASTIK PPR SYSTEM

Ekoplastik PPR piping systems can be used for distribution systems in housing, administration and community buildings as well as for industrial and agricultural installations.
The STABI pipes are three layers pipes: the internal polypropylene pipe is connected with aluminium foil during production and subsequently overlaid with an external polypropylene layer. The pipe gets not only better resistance against pressure and temperature due to the aluminium foil but also characteristics typical for steel pipes like higher rigidity and lower thermal expansion. For reason of mechanical protection of the aluminium foil the pipe is furnished with an external polypropylene layer. In cases, vaporization of residual moisture from production of the internal polypropylene pipe may occur (in the form of bubbles and blisters under the external layer). However as this external polypropylene layer does not affect the mechanical properties of the pipe, it is considered an esthetical matter only. Ekoplastik PPR piping system is designed for transport of cold & hot water as well as floor & central heating systems. Ekoplastik piping systems can be used also for distribution in view of their chemical resistance and other properties. Fittings (adapting pipes) are manufactured for all piping types jointly in the highest PN 20 pressure range and in various design types: All-plastic fittings (sockets, elbows, T-pieces reduced and full-sized, reductions, blindings, cross-pieces). Combined fittings with brass, nickel-coated threads for threaded joints (reducing sleeves with metal thread, T-pieces, elbows for wall mounting, wall mounting groups with tap connectors, plastic reducing sleeves with cap nut) Combined fittings for flanged joints Plastic valves with brass cock plug (classic and under-plaster types) Ball valve with a nickel-coated brass ball (classic and under-plaster types) Special elements (crossovers, compensation pipes) Ekoplastik PPR system is further extended with the following accessories: Tools (welding and cutting devices, scissors, off-cutters, scrapers, thermometers and assembly jig) Fixing clips, metal sleeves, plastic and metal troughs and plugs. For a detailed and updated list of components see our Product catalogue.
Ekoplastik PPR piping system is designed for transport of cold and hot water as well as floor heating. In case of observance of the rules specified hereinafter the system is also suitable for central heating systems. Ekoplastik PPR piping systems can also be used for distribution of air. In order to take advantage of its chemical resistance and other system properties and use of the system for transport of other liquids, gaseous or solid media an individual assessment of any such case would be needed.
II. WARRANTY TERMS AND CONDITIONS

10-year guarantee is granted for all standard elements of the Ekoplastik PPR system. This guarantee is subject to a proper product application and adherence to the following installation manual. Twenty-four months guarantee is granted for other products. (Standard elements are marked in the Product catalogue with abbreviation S).
III. PRODUCT RANGE BASIC INFORMATION

Pipes and fittings of the Ekoplastik PPR system are produced in the following sizes (external pipe diameter is shown): 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 75, 90 and 110 mm.
EKOPLASTIK SYSTEM PPR 2007

www.ekoplastik.cz EKOPLASTIK PIPING SYSTEM 3

IV. PROPERTIES OF EKOPLASTIK PPR SYSTEM

1. Advantages System lifetime more than 50 years (subject to proper application) No health risks No corrosion or encrustation Flexibility, low weight, easy and clean installation Low-noise level, low pressure losses due to friction Environmentally friendly product (it can be recycled or safely incinerated)
PPR - selected technical features
specifications
testing conditions
unit
PPR value 0,9
Specific gravity Yield point in tension Elongation at max. yield point in tension E - bend modulus Notch toughness (CHARPY) Thermal expansion coefficient (elongation) Thermal conductivity coefficient 23 C 0 C
g / cm3
MPa
25 26
% N / mm2 kJ / m2 kJ / m2
10 15 850 900 22 3 4 4,5
2. Marking of Ekoplastik PPR system Pipes and fittings are marked during the manufacturing process to enable future tracing. All elements are marked in the following way: Pipes: WAVIN Ekoplastik PPR, S (PN), size, wall thickness, manufacturing standard (CSN EN ISO 15874 and specifications of use in according to this standard), date of production and code of manufacturing line. Fittings: Ekoplastik (only abbreviations EK or EKO PPR may be displayed) and size. Separate fitting packages are fitted with package labels containing, except the element type marking, also date of production and releasing inspector identification. On the basis of CSN EN ISO 15874 requirements applied for piping system manufacture a gradual process of changing from PN pressure class marking to S coding will start soon. The possibility to identify each element in a system is an important vehicle of quality control management as well as an evidence for potential settlements of guarantee claims.
m/mK
1,21 x 10
-2
W/mK
0,24
4. Product manufacturing and testing standards Ekoplastik PPR system components are produced according to internal company standard PN 01 which is in compliance with requirements of the German Standards DIN 8077 and DIN 8078, DIN 16962, DIN 4726, EN 15874. The internal company standard is continuously being updated with further specification items taken over from the newly introduced European (EN) System of Standards. In order to meet quality requirements according to ISO 9001 the following activities are regularly being checked within the framework of specified procedures: characteristics of raw materials entering the manufacturing process; product/intermediate parameters at indiridual manufacturing stages; manufacturing equipment; parameters of measuring apparatuse; 5. EKOPLASTIK PPR system is certified in the following countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Ukraine.
PN S
10 5
16 3,2
20 2,5
3. Specification of raw material used in production Pipes and fittings of EKOPLASTIK PPR system are manufactured in Type 3 polypropylene. By its nature, polypropylene is a polyolefinic material. Type 3 polypropylene is a random copolymer of propylene (abbreviation = PPR).
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V. ASSUMED MEDIA PROPERTIES IN PIPING SYSTEMS

1. Basic parameters of internal water distribution systems The following table shows basic criteria of pressure class selection i.e. pressure and temperature values as they may be present in internal water distribution systems. max. operating pressure [bar] 0 10 0 10 max. operating temperature [C] do 20 C * do 60 C **
VI. OPERATING PARAMETERS OF PPR PIPING SYSTEM WATER DISTRIBUTION

The operating parameters involve maximum operating pressure, temperature, service life and relations among them. Operating parameters are shown on page 8, where the utilisation pattern of pressure line for hot and cold water distribution systems is also displayed. A safety factor of 1.5 has been employed in the calculations. (Remark: It can be generally assumed that a higher level of pressure line creates a possibility of using higher operating pressures at the same temperature and that with an increasing temperature the maximum allowable operating pressure of water in the given pressure line decreases.) EKOPLASTIK fittings are manufactured in PN 20 pressure line. Pressure line PN 16 can be used for those water distribution systems, which have the consistent maximum temperature of water and it must be provided by good quality regulation technology of heating of hot supply water.
medium cold water DHW (domestic hot water)
* Maximum temperature of drinking water at 20 C has been specified due to hygiene. ** Maximum temperature of hot water 57 C is always assumed in DHW distribution systems at the place of mixing tap and specified as a scalding precaution. A short-term overheating to higher temperature levels (70 C) is assumed for hygiene a liquidation of patogenic mycrobacteria and bacteria causing legionnaires disease.
VII. OPERATING PARAMETERS OF PPR PIPING SYSTEM HEATING

1. Design Concept of Heating Systems EKOPLASTIK PPR PN 20 and EKOPLASTIK STABI are designed for the use in central heating piping systems. The selection of pipe material is a critical decision that forms a basic condition for the further design of a central heating design. The principle of design calculations for such heating systems is the same as the one used for traditional metal piping systems. In a comparison of metal and plastic piping systems the basic difference is represented by the fact that plastic pipes should not be led freely with an exception of areas such as mechanical or service floors and similar premises. If this is taken into account already in the design of pipe routes then preconditions necessary for cost-saving and safe design of the whole system are given. Moreover, by respecting the different properties of plastic materials the overall system quality can even be increased. A good example of suitable utilisation of plastic pipes is so called star-type system. This is, in principle, a doublepiping vertical heating system with a limited number of risers and very long radiator connections led inside floor concrete layers. This system is specially designed for the use of plastic distribution systems where the requirement of a minimised number of plastic joints is superior to that of minimised pipeline lengths. EKOPLASTIK PPR piping supplied in coils serves ideally to this purpose. At instalation of plastic piping system behind the boiler or water tank, we recommend as a protection against the overheating of the system to install behind the boiler or water tank 1,5 - 2m piece of steel pipe.
Ekoplastik PPR system can be used for all internal water distribution systems (i.e. cold drinking water, cold industrial water, hot water, circulation systems). A 50 years life-time period is assumed for the plastic piping system as long as material and pressure lines are correctly selected and the system properly installed. The pressure class depends on the hot water heating system and its control should therefore be specified by the relevant designer. 2. Basic parameters of heating systems In procedures of suitability assessment of EKOPLASTIK PPR system elements such as entry value of calculation heating water temperature t1 should be used as the highest temperature occurring in the whole system. The heating system designer will determine this value in accordance with required temperature levels at media entry to radiators, heat source parameters and expansion vessel types. According to this value, the following heating system types are specified. Temperature gradients used in common practice are as follows 90/70 C, 85/75 C, 80/60 C, 75/65 C, 70/50 C, 70/60 C, exceptionally 92.5/67.5 C, and in low-temperature systems 55/45 C, 45/35 C, 35/25 C. Ekoplastik PPR system can be used for all these options, in particular for the ranges of 75/65 C, 70/50 C, 70/60 C and lowtemperature systems.
Recommended values for heating system Ekoplastik PPR Temperature interval 75 / 65 C 70 / 50 C 70 / 60 C 80 / 60 C
For low-temperature applications



Another suitable design option in plastic piping utilisation is a common horizontal system where a pipeline is laid in a groove or along building structure in a cover (providing mechanical protection, allowing for expansion problems, if any and improved visual appearance). Piping system designs should also be assessed from the point of view of their service life. The following data are necessary for such evaluation: maximum temperature of heating water (C) pipe wall thickness (mm) maximum operating pressure (MPa) safety factor for heating systems pipe external diameter (mm) annual heating period (in months) 2. Calculation of Piping Service Life in Heating Systems In order to calculate service life, a value of life factored stress in the pipe wall should be determined according to the following formula
3. An example of calculation of piping service life value Input data
parameters piping selected type water max. operating temperature max. operating pressure yearly heating period safety factor
values PN 20 (20 x 3,4mm) 80 C 0,22 MPa 7 months 2,5
v =
0,22 . (20 - 3,4) . 2,5 = 1,34 MPa 2 . 3,4
Minimum service of the piping at continuous heating operation (as shown from the graph on page 11 for 80 C isotherm) would then be 216,000 hours, i.e. 25 years. The resulting expected service life corrected to yearly heating period would then be as follows:
v =
p . (D - s) .k 2.s
25 years .
12 months = 43 years 7 months
where v D s p k
is factored stress [MPa] pipe external diameter [mm] pipe wall thickness [mm] maximum presure [MPa] safety coefficient [for heating systems]
For calculation purposes: 1 MPa = 10 bars After the factored stress value is calculated using the above formula it should be plotted to the graph on page 11; stress values are shown on the vertical axis. Then the point of intersection of the factored stress value (horizontal line) and maximum water temperature isotherm (slanting line) is established. Then a vertical line is drawn from the intersection point to the X-axis (horizontal) which shows time in hours (smaller scale in years). The value of expected minimum (continuous) service life of piping is then read from the horizontal axis and employing the ratio of the whole year (12 months) against the relevant heating period (in months) we thus calculate a coefficient for multiplication of the value of expected minimum (continuous) service life. The resulting value represents a realistic piping service life expectancy, of course, subject to compliance with all other installation and operating conditions and terms as well as all assumptions made in these calculations (such as: operating pressure and temperature).
4. Heating system modifications applied in respect of piping service life If the result received in the above procedures is not satisfactory, then the following modifications should be applied: 1/ to decrease maximum operating pressure and make new calculations for service life expectancy this value is then extended. 2/ to decrease maximum operating water temperature new design calculations should then be made for the relevant heating system as, consequently new calculations for service life expectancy this should be extended a great deal under these circumstances. 5. Specific conditions of underfloor heating room (purpose) living unit bathroom swimming pool surroundings max. surface floor temperature [C] 26 30 32
Maximum surface temperatures of walk-on floor layers must comply with in the installations of floor heating systems. Low flow rate levels of heating water (approx. 0.3 m.s-1) are designed for heat transfer in floor heating systems. Piping pressure is designed according to operating parameters of the whole heating system.
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Levels of heating water temperature are determined by a calculation where room type, floor structure and outdoor design temperature for the relevant building locality are used. Temperature and pressure levels are usually not higher than 45 C, 0.3 MPa respectively. To these purposes EKOPLASTIK PPR PN 10 or PN 16 lines are normally used. Heating circuits are laid using pipes delivered in coils. The pipe coils are more suitable for this purpose as no joints are necessary inside floor structures. Heating pipes are laid to these structures in a spiral shape pattern. Pipe diameters and spacing distances can be calculated. It is also necessary to specify, in the floor heating design, a type of floor heating output control guaranteeing that the requirement of maximum floor surface temperature is followed. In rooms where higher output is required and places where no permanent stay of people is expected (under windows) the heating pipes are laid in a dense pattern and, on the other hand, no pipes are laid in places of permanent furniture placement. There is 100 meter maximum length of a heating coil per one heating circuit. Room sections with more heating circuits must be separated to allow for expansion (including walk-on layers). Floor structures must be, for the same purposes, separated from walls. Individual circuits start and end in a collector. An air bleeding valve must be placed at the highest point of the whole system. For cost-saving purposes walk-on layers of floor heating systems should be made of material of the lowest possible thermal resistance (tiled floor surfaces are usually the most suitable). Piping position and spacing among pipe central lines should be fixed in the course of installation works pipes may be fixed to a metal network of thermal insulation system and locked into spacing channels or profiled thermal insulation system. Similar procedures are applied if water distribution systems are installed. In the course of the laying process the pipe should be carefully reeled off the coil so no torsion load occurs. The pipe is then step-by-step fixed to the backing. Special attention should be paid to the operation
of fixing the pipe to metal backing grids no risk of damage in fixing points is permissible. Minimum temperature suitable for installation works is 15 C. Floor heating systems represent an option of very pleasant and effective heating. In order to make full use of all the advantages, the heating system must be thoroughly designed and other factors should be taken into consideration as, in a typical case, the floor heating system would be only one of several types of the overall buildings heating system. The issue of floor heating systems is discussed in more detail in separate design and installation manuals for EKOPLASTIK floor heating systems.
VIII. EKOPLASTIK PIPELINE ROUTING OPTIONS

Routing options for water supply & distribution piping and these used in heating systems are identical (leaving aside specific properties of heating systems as discussed in Chapter V and VII). The major aspects are formed by the requirements of piping protection, support and compensation of expansion influence. It is recommended to install pipes inside building structures (such as: wall, floor or ceiling structures) or to cover them. Connections to radiators remaining free should be, for visual appearance reasons, made of metal pipes, e.g. a chromium-coated copper pipe. If the pipes are not covered and/or overbuilt it is necessary to take into account the fact that visible bubbles and blisters may appear on the STABI pipes. Pipes can be laid: in wall chases in stack partitions inside floor/ceiling structures along walls (freely or inside covers) in installation shafts and channels outdoor piping applications should be considered according to concrete conditions
cover flashing expansion tape floor surface concrete floor structure
PPR piping thermal insulation shaped slab floor slab


IX. TABLES
Table 1: Operating parameters of PPR piping for water-supply systems (according to DIN 8077/1997) TIME IN OPERATION (YEARS) 1 5 PRESSURE LINE PN 10 17,6 16,6 16,1 15,6 15,2 15,0 14,1 13,7 13,3 12,9 12,8 12,0 11,6 11,2 10,9 10,8 10,1 9,8 9,4 9,2 9,2 8,5 8,2 8,0 7,7 7,7 7,2 6,9 6,7 6,4 6,5 6,0 5,9 5,1 4,3 5,5 4,8 4,0 3,2 3,9 2,5 PN 16 27,8 26,4 25,5 24,7 24,0 23,8 22,3 21,7 21,1 20,4 20,2 19,0 18,3 17,7 17,3 17,1 16,0 15,6 15,0 14,5 14,5 13,5 13,1 12,6 12,2 12,2 11,4 11,0 10,5 10,1 10,3 9,5 9,3 8,0 6,7 8,6 7,6 6,3 5,1 6,1 4,0 PN 20 35,0 33,2 32,1 31,1 30,3 30,0 28,1 27,3 26,5 25,7 25,5 23,9 23,1 22,3 21,8 21,5 20,2 19,6 18,8 18,3 18,3 17,0 16,5 15,9 15,4 15,4 14,3 13,8 13,3 12,7 13,0 11,9 11,7 10,1 8,5 10,9 9,6 8,0 6,4 7,7 5,0 HOT WATER STABI 35,0 33,2 32,1 31,1 30,3 30,0 28,1 27,3 26,5 25,7 25,5 23,9 23,1 22,3 21,5 20,2 19,6 18,8 18,3 18,3 17,0 16,5 15,9 15,4 15,4 14,3 13,8 13,3 12,7 13,0 11,9 11,7 10,1 8,5 10,9 9,6 8,0 6,4 7,7 5,0 21,8 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE OVERPRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
[C]
10
10 25 50 1 5
20
10 25 50 1 5
30
10 25 50 1 5
40
10 25 50 1 5
50
10 25 50 1 5
60
10 25 50 1 5
70
10 25 50 1 5
80
10 25 1
95
5 COLD WATER
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SAFETY FACTOR 1,5

Table 2: Operating parameters of PPR piping for heating (according to DIN 8077/1997)
Operating time specified in the table below was calculated at continuous operation. The final service life, with respect to the length of the heating period, must be calculated in accordance with the sample on page 9, vide: Result expected service life.
TEMPERATURE
[C]
TIME IN OPERATION (YEARS) 1 5
PRESSURE LINE PN 10 PN 16 PN 20 STABI MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE OVERPRESSURE 7,68 7,20 6,96 6,72 6,54 6,48 6,06 5,88 5,64 5,52 5,52 5,10 4,92 4,80 4,62 12,12 11,40 10,98 10,62 10,38 10,26 9,60 9,36 9,00 8,70 8,70 8,10 7,86 7,56 7,32 15,30 14,34 13,86 13,38 13,08 12,90 12,12 11,76 11,28 10,98 10,98 10,20 9,90 9,54 9,24 9,24 8,54 8,28 7,98 7,62 7,80 7,14 7,02 6,06 5,10 6,54 5,76 4,80 3,84 4,62 3,00 FLOOR HEATING 15,30 14,34 13,86 13,38 13,08 12,90 12,12 11,76 11,28 10,98 10,98 10,20 9,90 9,54 9,24 9,24 8,54 8,28 7,98 7,62 7,80 7,14 7,02 6,06 5,10 6,54 5,76 4,80 3,84 4,62 3,00
30
10 25 50 1 5
40
10 25 50 1 5
50
10 25 50 1 5
60
10 25 50 1 5
70
10 25 50 1 5 10 25 1 5
80
95
CENTRAL HEATING

SAFETY FACTOR 2,5

Table 3. Operating parameters of PPR piping system (according to CSN EN ISO 158740)
This standard uses a slightly different method of defining operating parameters than DIN 8077 standard, based however on the same strength isotherms. According to this standard, four different application classes are specified, all for 50 years duration. Appl. class Design temperature TD C 1 2 4 60 70 20 Followed by 40 Followed by 60 Followed by (see the next line) 5 20 Followed by 60 Followed by 80 Followed by (see the next line) 14 Time at TD years 49 49 2,5 Max. design Time temperature Tmax at Tmax C 80 80 70 years 1 1 2,5 Temperature of malfunction Tmal C 95 95 100 Time at Tmal hrs 100 100 100 Hot water supply (60 C) Hot water supply (70 C) Floor heating and low temperature radiators Typical use
20
25 Followed by (see the next line) 90 1 100 100 High temperature radiators
25
10 Followed by (see the next line)
Each class is combined with the operating pressure of 4, 6, 8 or 10 bar. The table of maximum values Scalc.max calculated on a basis of the pipe wall thickness applies:
Design pressure PD Class 1 Bar 4 6 8 10 6,9 5,2 3,9 3,1
Application
Example: Pressure lines PN 20 = s 2.5 series: according to the table, S Scalc.max must apply With use for hot water (max. temp. of hot water of 60 C scald protection) Class 1: can be operated at the pressure of 10 bar (2.5 3.1), 49 years durability at a temp. of 60 C, one year at a temperature of 80 C (sudden temp. increase) and 100 hours at a temperature of 95 C (emergency conditions). The same applies to other classes. This information is indicated on pipes as class 1/10 bars, 2/8 bars, 4/10 bars, 5/6 bars.
Class 2
Class 4
Class 5
Scalc.max values 5,3 3,6 2,7 2,1 6,9 5,5 4,1 3,3 4,8 3,2 2,4 1,9
10
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Table 4. Mechanical strength PPR isothermal lines 25 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 9 8 7 Comparable stress sv [MPa] 6 5 60 C 70 C 80 C 90 C 95 C 100 C 4 3,5 3 2,5 110 C 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C 50 C
1,5
5 10 25 50 100
YEARS
Service life in hours Termination of an isotherm indicates maximum service life also at lower tension. The isotherms in the chart do not extend.


X. ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS
1. General Only components not damaged or contaminated, either during storage or transport, may be used for installation works.
Pipeline crossings are made with the use of components specially designed for this purpose.
A minimum temperature level for plastic piping installation is, with regard to welding, +5 C. At lower temperatures it is difficult to provide working conditions for high quality pipe joints.
Joining of plastic parts is done by polyfusion welding, or by the use of electric fittings and butt welding techniques. A high-quality homogeneous joint is the result. An exact working process and appropriate tools must be used in joining procedures. It is not recommended to weld EKOPLASTIK components together with other brands (for reason of demand of warranty).
Components of plastic piping systems must be during their transport and installation protected against impact, falling, blow or any other mechanical damage. Threaded fittings must be used for screw-type joints. Thread-cutting directly to plastic components is not allowed. Threads are sealed with a special Teflon tape or sealing compounds.
Pipe bending should be done at +15 C. For pipes of diameter range 16 32 mm a minimum bending radius equals to eight diameters (D). If beyond a combined pipe fitting the line continues in form of metal piping then no welding or brazing is allowed in places close to this point because of potential hazard of heat transfer to the fitting.
Components must not be exposed to open fire.
If elbows for wall mounting or wall mounting groups are to be closed before draining fittings are fixed (such as during pressure tests, etc.) then plastic pipe closers would serve best to this purpose.
12
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2. Linear expansion and contraction The difference of temperature during installation and under service conditions, i.e. a medium flows through the system at a different temperature to that prevailing during the installation period, results in linear changes expansion or contraction.
Lk = 2 . l + 150 [mm] and also Lk 10.d Under condition: Lk = (min.10.d) In polypropylene applications material flexibility is used for linear compensations. Pipe bends are also used for these purposes. A suitable compensation technique is the one where the pipeline is deflected perpendicularly to the original route and a free compensating length (marked as Ls) is left at the normal line. The value of Ls compensating length will depend on calculated route extension (shortening), pipe material and diameter. The values of l linear change and Ls compensating length can also be taken from the graphs shown on pages 14 and 15. Table of circle bend installation
l = . L . t [mm] is thermal coefficient of expansion [mm/m C], for EKOPLASTIK PPR design purposes = 0,12 for EKOPLASTIK stabi respectively = 0,05
L design distance (distance of two neighbouring points in the line) [m] t installation and service temperature difference [C]
pipe diametr [mm]
distances of all fixed L-points [m] STABI PPR 8 9 10 12 14
16 20 25 32 40
24 27 30 36 42
Ls = k . (D . l) [mm] Circle bend k material constant, for PPR k = 30 D pipe outside diameter [mm] l linear change [mm] calculated from the formula shown above If pipeline linear changes are not compensated in a suitable way, i.e. if the pipes can not contract and expand, additional thrust and tensile forces are concentrated in the pipes shortening thus their service life. expansion U-bend
An example of compensations by change of path
PB fixed point KU slip joint SK circle bend L design pipe length Ls linear change Lk bend width
l compensating length


By changing the height of the pipeline.
Expansion U-bend.
1m
2m 3m
4m
5m 6m
7m
8m
9m 10m
15m
Linear expansion EKOPLASTIK PPR piping
100 C 90 C 80 C
t Temperature difference [C]
Examples: L = 10 m t = 40 C
70 C 60 C 50 C 40 C 30 C 20 C 10 C 0 C 0 10 20 30
48 40 50
60
70
80
90
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
l - linear change (expansion in mm)

1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m 15m
Linear expansion EKOPLASTIK PPR STABI piping
100 C 90 C 80 C
t Temperature difference [C]
70 C 60 C 50 C 40 C 30 C 20 C 10 C 0 C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Examples: L = 10 m t = 40 C

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14

Determination of Ls compensating length Examples for pipe 40
4800 4700 4600 4500 4400 4300 4200 4100 4000 3900 3800 3700 3600 3500 3400 3300 3200
110 mm
90 mm
75 mm 63 mm
50 mm
LS bend reach (free length in mm)
3100 3000 2900 2800 2700 2600 2500 2400 2300 2200 2100 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400
40 mm
32 mm 25 mm 20 mm 16 mm
1315
1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 48 50
60
70
80
90
100 110 120 130 140 150 160
170 180 190 200 210
220 230


Examples given for EKOPLASTIK PPR piping 1) Data input: parameter linear change thermal coefficient of expansion pipe length operating temperature inside the pipe temperature at installation symbol value ? unit mm 3) Data input: parameter expansion U-bend width PPR material constant L 0,12 10 mm/m C external pipe diameter m linear change as calculated above t tm 60 20 C Solution: C Lk = 2 . l + 150 [mm] Lk = 2 . 48 + 150 = 246 mm Lk > 10 D 246 mm < 10 . 40 Lk = 400 mm l 48 mm D 40 mm symbol Lk k value ? 30 unit mm
difference between operating and installation t temperature levels (t = t- tm) Solution: l = . L . t [mm] l = 0,12 . 10 . 40 = 48 mm 2) Data input:
40 C
Pipe pre-stressing can also be used for the purpose of linear expansion compensation; the compensating length may be made shorter in this way. The pre-stressing orientation is opposite to the expected linear change and its value equals to about one half. parameter symbol value unit
parameter compensating length PPR material constant external pipe diameter linear change as calculated above
symbol Ls k D
value ? 30 40
unit mm mm kompensating length at pre-stressing PPR material constant external pipe diameter linear change as calculated above Lsp k D ? 30 40 mm mm
48
mm
48
mm
Solution:
Ls = k . ( D . l ) [mm] Ls = 30 . ( 4 0 . 4 8 ) = 1315 mm
Solution:
Lsp = k . ( D . l / 2 ) [mm] Lsp = 30 . ( 4 0 . 2 4 ) = 930 mm
The calculated free length (Ls) is assumed length without any sustaining or suspending elements (within this length) obstructing the expansion. The free length (Ls) should not exceed max. spacing distance between supporting elements corresponding to the pipe diameter and media temperature as shown in Chapter X, Part 3.
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3. Spacing distances of pipe supports Maximum distances of supports of pipeline EKOPLASTIK PPR PN 10 pipe (horizontal pipeline) Maximum distances of supports of pipeline EKOPLASTIK PPR PN 20 pipe (horizontal pipeline)
pipe [mm] 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110
spacing distances in [cm] at temperature of 20 C 30 C 40 C 50 C 60 C 80 C 75 80 85 100 110 125 140 155 165 185 70 75 85 95 110 120 135 150 165 180 70 70 85 95 105 115 130 145 155 175 65 70 80 90 100 110 125 135 150 165 65 65 75 85 95 105 120 130 145 160 55 60 70 75 85 90 105 115 125 140
pipe [mm] 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110
spacing distances in [cm] at temperature of 20 C 90 95 100 120 130 150 170 185 200 220 30 C 85 90 100 115 130 180 160 180 200 215 40 C 85 85 100 115 125 140 155 175 185 210 50 C 80 85 95 110 120 130 150 160 180 195 60 C 80 80 90 100 115 125 145 155 175 190 80 C 65 70 85 90 100 110 125 140 150 165
Maximum spacing distances Ekoplastik STABI pipe PN 20
Maximum distances of supports for vertical pipelines should be multiplied with 1.3 factor EKOPLASTIK STABI pipe pipe diameter [mm] 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110 205
pipe diameter [mm]

16 20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110
maximum spacing distances [cm ] 20 C 30 C 40 C 50 C 60 C 80 C 80 90 95 110 120 135 155 170 180 200 75 80 95 105 120 130 150 165 180 195 75 80 95 105 115 125 145 160 170 190 70 80 90 100 100 120 135 150 165 180 70 70 80 95 105 115 130 145 160 175 60 65 75 80 95 100 115 125 135 155
110 120 140 145 150 155 165 170 190 maximum spacing distances [cm]


4. Pipe fixing The pipeline route design must respect distribution system material i.e. its thermal coefficient of expansion in the first place, necessity to allow for expansion, given operating conditions (a combination of pressure and temperature levels) and a type of pipe joints. Fixing of distribution systems is performed so that fixed and slidably mounted points are recognised when expected linear changes of pipes are considered. Types of pipe fixing techniques Two kinds of supports are being recognised from the point of view of pipe fixing Fixed points: This is a type of fixing where no allowance for pipe expansion is made, i.e. the pipe can not move along its axis in the place of support (it can not slide).
by fixing at fitting places
Slidably mounted points This is a type of fixing where the pipe is not allowed to move sideways but expansion movements are not restricted (elongation, shrinkage). Slidable mounting can be designed as follows:
by loose pipe-straps
at pipe bend by pipe-straps suspended on hooks at pipe branch
at the place of pipe fitting
by laying the pipe freely into a trough
by leading the pipe through insulation systems (flush-mounting) by tightly drawn pipe-straps
5. Pipeline routing Pipes should be installed in a minimum gradient of 0.5 % towards the lowest system points where system emptying by drain faucet or shut off valves with outlet is made possible. The piping system must be divided into separate parts that can be closed, if necessary. Straight valves and plastic ball taps are used for this purpose. For build in installation the shut off valves or ball taps are used. It is recommended to test fitting functions (closing/opening) before they are installed. A wall mounting group with tap connectors is recommended to be
by clips between pipe fittings
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used in a termination place where valve mixers are installed. WALL MOUNTING GROUP WITH TAP CONNECTORS FOR GYPSUM WALL with exact hole spacing 20 x 1/2 (code SNKK020SXX) is determined for the assemblies where the grooves for stabilization, e.g. while installing under gypsum wall, are not used. The hole spacing is the same as of valve mixers, and it can be adjusted to 100, 135 mm. When ducting the distribution under the wall it is advisable to use WALL MOUNTING GROUP WITH TAP CONNECTORS 20 x 1/2 (code SNKK020XXX) or 25 x 1/2 (code SNKK025XXX), where the hole spacing of the threads is shifted so as the possible roughness of the distribution could be adjusted by mounting extensions. Again used for valve mixers of spacing 150, 135, 100 mm. The use of this set helps to complete the installation in high quality and quickly, without any inaccuracies. If the distribution system is terminated by pipe bends then their fixed and accurate positioning must be ensured. If two wall-mounted bends are installed for dispensing valve mixers (bath tube, shower and washbasin mixers) their identical height and parallel pipe fitting axis must be observed. No torsion load to wall mounting group with tap connectors may occur as a result of dispensing mixer installations. It is therefore recommended to mount the elements to assembling plate of on-wall plates which helps to keep their exact positioning. The assembling plates have installation holes to install the plates according to common spacing sizes of dispensing valve mixers. Routing of EKOPLASTIK PPR inlet piping Inlet piping systems are made mainly of 16 20 mm diameters that are usually laid in wall channels. The channel of insulated pipe routing must be free of obstacles and allow for expansion. Beside its thermal properties the insulation system also protects the pipe against mechanic damage as well as a layer making piping expansion more easy. An insulation system of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane (foam) is recommended. Before the piping system is bricked in the pipes must be thoroughly fixed to the channel (using plastic or metal pipe-straps or by plastering at some places, etc.).
If water supply / distribution piping systems are installed inside stack partitions then they must be fixed in a suitable way such as with a system of metal clamps and supporting elements. The systems must be insulated and positioned allowing for expansion. If water supply /distribution piping systems are installed inside floor/ ceiling structures then flexible plastic protective sleeves (made of polyethylene) are used for protection against mechanic damage while the air layer between the sleeve and pipe works as a thermal insulation. Piping systems freely laid are rarely used for short distances in areas where visual appearance is not a priority (laundry, building service areas, etc.). Supporting elements must be positioned with a necessary care to fix the piping and consider a compensation of pipe expansion in connecting sections where the pipes are covered as well as to apply a good insulation system to the piping. (if, for instance, a cold water pipe is led freely on-wall in a heated area then a risk of surface condensation will be considerable). Piping systems may be led freely on-wall where there is no risk of mechanic damage while in normal operation. Routing of EKOPLASTIK PPR riser piping In the case of riser piping it is necessary to consider precisely the layout of fixed points and sliding mounts as well as creation of a suitable expansion compensation system. The adjustments for expansion in riser piping systems are provided as follows:
at riser footing with a slide mounting
by inserting a loop compensator


If it is necessary to divide the riser into several expansion sections then it can be achieved by placing fixed points. The riser fixed points are always fixed under and over T-pieces at a branch pipe or socket which, at the same time, prevents the riser to fall. The pipe expansion must accounted for between these fixed points as follows: In branching off feeder piping it is necessary to allow for the riser expansion by:
Routing of horizontal EKOPLASTIK PPR piping It is necessary, in horizontal piping systems, to respect precisely expansion conditions and solve how allow for them and lay the piping correctly. The most common routing is in galvanised metal or plastic troughs, in clamps or in-wall channels (this one must be kept free).
a)
keeping a sufficient distance from the wall pass-through point
b)
The compensation for expansion is performed, most commonly, by a change in the routing or by the use of expansion U-bends but a use of a pipe compensation is also possible. The expansion adjustment may be designed both in perpendicular and parallel plane to the ceiling structures. In option a) a pipe is insulated (see Chapter X, Part 7) including the through on-the-spot, while in option b) an insulated pipe is laid into the trough. creating a possibility of branch pipe movement in the wall pass-through point Routing of EKOPLASTIK STABI inlet piping Owing to inserted aluminium foils EKOPLASTIK STABI system shows a three times lower expansion, higher rigidity and a better mechanic resistance than EKOPLASTIK PPR piping system. EKOPLASTIK STABI system can be installed by the same above described technique for the all-plastic systems, i.e. with conventional adjustments for expansion where the potential of longer support spacing would be used while, at the same time, the expansion and adjustment lengths would be shorter. In the routing inside in-wall channels so called rigid assembly can be used which means that the pipe is secured to fixed points so that thermal expansion is transferred to the piping material and thus does not show. A basic assumption in this case are clamps sufficiently designed and anchored to hold the piping system. EKOPLASTIK STABI inlet piping is suitable in such cases where pipes run along a building structure to separate dispensing pipe fittings in this case a greater piping rigidity is utilised. Pipe routing inside floor structures may be also utilised advantageously a good shape stability and mechanic resistance can be employed this way.
creating a compensating length allowing for an expansion at the riser normal line
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6. Linking of pipes into a system EKOPLASTIK PPR system can be coupled by welding or mechanic coupling. Coupling of pipes and fittings is done in the same way as with EKOPLASTIK PPR and EKOPLASTIK STABI piping systems the fittings are the same. In case of EKOPLASTIK STABI pipes it is necessary to remove the outer PPR and middle aluminium layers (using special cutters) before the commencement of welding works. Welding Polyfusion welding, application of electric fittings or butt welding techniques can be used. All the methods must be applied accurately according to standard working procedures, using reliable instruments parameters of which are checked.
Sealing of couplings Threaded couplings may be sealed with a Teflon tape sealing teflon fibre or special sealant only. 7. Insulation While hot water piping systems and heating systems are insulated against heat losses, the a cold water ones are conversely insulated against heat gains and pipe sweating. From the point of view of drinking water health requirements, the insulation of a cold water system is important to keep the temperature level under 20 C as well as keeping hot water at the upper limit (given by the standard of protection against scalding) both cases are concerned with a bacteria effect reduction. Keeping hot water at the required temperature level together with properly functioning circulation are important parts of protection against bacteria (such as: Legionella pneumophila) beside some other technical solutions (such as thermal sterilisation). The thickness and kind of insulation layers are determined on the basis of thermal resistance of the insulation system to be used, air humidity in the area of the piping system and a difference between the room temperature (air) and that one of flowing water. The whole piping system, along its whole route including fittings and valves, must be insulated. It is necessary to maintain a minimum insulation layer thickness along both pipe diameter and pipeline route (this means that insulation types that are wrapped over the pipes as cut lengthwise must be, after the installation, bonded again into a uniform profile (e.g. using an adhesive, clamps or a sealing tape).
Pipe cutting Pipes can be cut (by a saw or shears) with the use of well-sharpened tools only. Use of special shears or plastic pipe cutter is recommended.
Minimum thermal insulation layer for cold water system example Placement / routing of pipes insulation layer thickness = 0,040 W/mK
Threaded couplings, plastic/metal couplings Plastic/metal couplings in hot water piping and heating systems contain pressed-in brass nickel-coated threads (both external and internal). If a coupling is not fitted with a hexa- or multigonal piece directly on its metal part, tightening wrenches with a tape should be used. WARNING : For thermal/technical and physical/mechanic reasons the use of plastic threaded couplings is not permissible in sanitary engineering. Plastic threaded couplings may be used, for instance, in temporary distribution systems. Plastic plugs should be used for closing of elbows for wall mounting and universal wall mounting groups with tap connectors until dispenser pipe fittings (valves) are installed.
freely laid pipes in unheated areas (such as: basement areas) freely laid pipes in heated areas pipes in crawlways without a hot water line running in paralle pipes in crawlways with a hot water line running in parallel independently running underplaster pipes (in channels) underplaster pipes (in channels) running in parallel with a hot water line pipes cast over with concrete
4 mm 9 mm
4 mm
13 mm
4 mm
13 mm 4 mm
Remark: the above thickness values must be re-calculated for other thermal characteristics


If hot water is transferred then it should be taken into consideration that plastic pipes posses better thermal insulation properties than metal ones. An application of plastic pipes in such systems may therefore mean a significant cost-saving solution! In systems of high demand (such as: bathrooms, bathtubs, washing machines, etc.) heat losses in plastic pipes with flowing water are 20 % compared to metal ones. Another 15 % can be saved by a thorough insulation. In systems of small and/or short-time demand where pipes are not heated to operating temperatures regularly, only 10 % of savings can be expected, however, 20 % can be expected at peak demand. The insulation layer thickness for hot water systems usually fluctuates in the range of 9 through 15 mm at the value of thermal resistance: = 0.040 W/mK. 8. Pressure test The distribution system can be filled with water no sooner than one hour after the last weld was performed. After the system completion a pressure test must be performed under the conditions as follows:
XI. MATERIAL TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

The system components must be protected against weather, UV radiation and contamination. The components must be stored at minimum temperature of +5 C.
testing pressure: test commencement:
test duration time: max. pressure drop::
min. 1,5 MPa (15 bar) min. 2 hour after bleeding and additional pressurising of the system 60 minutes 0,02 MPa (0,2 bar)
Any piping system prepared for this test must be laid according to the design, clean and visible along its whole length. The system is tested without hydrants and water-meters (flow-meters) and other valves /pipe fittings with an exception of bleeding equipment. Already installed closing valves should be left open. Water dispensing fittings may be installed only if they conform with the testing pressure, however, under standard conditions they are usually replaced with plugs. The piping system is filled from the lowest point so that all bleeding points are open from the beginning and then being step-bystep closed, once water without air bubbles runs out of them. The pipeline length is usually taken according to local conditions with a recommended max. length of 100 metres. After fulling the system with water will be the internal water system stabilized with operational overpresure at least 12 hours, after this period is overpresure increased to 15 bars (testing overpresure).The pressure test lasts 60 minutes and maximum allowable pressure drop is 0.02 MPa. If the value of pressure drop is higher then a leaking spot must be discovered, the relevant defect fixed and a new pressure test performed. A record on the test must be prepared, for instance in a form as shown in the Appendix I. (this record / certificate forms one of the documents necessary for warranty claim filing).
Storerooms of plastic components must be separated from such areas where solvents, adhesives, paints or similar products are stored. A minimum one-metre distance between plastic components and radiators must be maintained when storage areas are moderately heated up to +5 C. Plastic pipes in stock must be supported along their whole lengths or protected in another suitable way against deflection. Plastic pipe fittings are usually stored in sacks on palettes or freely loaded in boxes, containers, baskets, etc. Maximum storage height of one metre must be respected if plastic pipes are stored in plastic sleeves and/or pipe fittings in plastic sacks. Each of the different types of pipes and fittings are stored separately. When dispatching from storage, the oldest stock should be dispatched first. During their transport it is not allowed to drag pipes over the ground or lorry deck. The components/pipes must not be transported by throwing or letting them fall off the lorry to the ground. If they are transported to/on the site then they must be protected against mechanical damage and stored at the spot on a suitable underlay where protected against dirt, solvents, direct heat (contact with a radiator, etc.). The components are supplied in protective covers (pipes in polyethylene bags, pipe fittings also in sacks or cardboard boxes) and it is desirable to let them in these as long as possible before the start of installation works (as a protection against dirt).
XII. CLOSING PROVISIONS

This Installation Manual has been prepared in August 2007.
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Description of installed system: Place: Building / structure:
TEST CERTIFICATE
Piping systems installed length Ekoplastik PPR pipe diameter [mm] 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110 pipe / line length [m] description of pipe
The highest outlet point............................................m above pressure gauge

Pressure test: Test started at: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Test ended at: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test duration time: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Testing pressure: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MPa Pressure after 1 hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MPa (test start) Pressure drop during the test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MPa result of test: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
For and on behalf of Client: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (we confirm by our signature a taking-over of installation, which is free and clear)
..................... place
..................... date
................... rubber stamp & signature
For and on behalf of Supplier: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
place
date
rubber stamp & signature


XIII. POLYFUSION WELDING WORKING PROCEDURES

1. Tools 1/ Electric polyfusion welding machine fitted with welding adapters of suitable dimensions, incl. a movable feeder cable. 2/ Contact thermometer. 3/ Special shears or cutter (i.e. jaw plus cutting wheel), metal hand-saw at a pinch. 4/ Short blade sharp penknife. 5/ Textile rag (non-synthetic material only). 6/ Spirit or Tangit. 7/ Pocket, folding rule + marker. 8/ Scraper and assembly jig for welding of diameters over 50 mm. 9/ Pipe off-cutting scraper, if EKOPLASTIK STABI pipes are to be coupled. 2. Tool preparations Heating adapters are to be fixed firmly to the welding machine first (this is usually made with screws depending on the welding machine type). The welder controller is then set up to 250 270 C and connected to power supply. Time necessary to heat the welding machine up will depend on ambient conditions. Once the welding machine is hot the heating adapters are cleaned of impurities left from a previous use using a rag of non-synthetic textile otherwise Teflon surfaces might be damaged. The work with the welding apparatus may start when it is sufficiently hot which should be checked using a LED diode and contact thermometer. The contact thermometer is used for fine temperature tuning upto 260 C. A proper function of special shears or cutting wheel should be checked by two cuts performed on a pipe assigned to testing purposes. During the trial cutting no depression of outer pipe diameter should result, otherwise the tools must be sharpened again. 3. Material preparations All the material should be inspected thoroughly before the works start. The components must not display in any case wall thinning defects, closing elements should be checked for their proper functioning and all the threads with matching pieces for a free motion. Welding sockets and pipe end to be inserted should be cleaned and degreased (suitable are e.g. cleaning tissues TANGIT). Fittings are then tested by sliding them on the heating plug (which is, of course, cold at this moment) and checked for undesirable loose matching. Wobbling fittings must be discarded!!! 4. Welding procedures 1/ A desirable pipe length is measured and cut off. If a metal handsaw was used then off-cuts must be cleaned from the pipe edges. 2/ It is further recommended to bevel (approx. angle: 30 45 C) outer edges of the pipe ends (the ends to be heated) by the use of a special cutter or a sharp knife. This procedure is strongly recommended especially for pipe diameters over 40 mm. This modification prevents material sweeping when pipe ends are inserted into fittings.
3/ If EKOPLASTIK STABI components are to be welded then outer PPR and middle aluminium layers should be removed first (using special cutters) along the whole pipe section to be inserted into the pipe fitting socket. The resulting pipe is then further processed in the same way as EKOPLASTIK PPR all-plastic pipes are. 4/ If larger diameters are to be welded (40 mm and more) a check of their ovality would be of great importance. It would be also necessary to scrape off the top layer of oxides (i.e. 0,1 mm) in the whole pipe length to be inserted. The oxide layer can influence adversely the weld quality. 5/ The insertion length (of the pipe end to be inserted into a pipe fitting) should be marked on the pipe with a felt pen or a marker. In doing this it is necessary to consider the fact that the pipe must not be pushed into the fitting as far as to its dead stop in the fitting socket. About 1 mm gap should be preserved for material accumulation so as not to reduce the fitting internal diameter. 6/ It is, furthermore, recommended to mark also the weld position on both the pipe and fitting preventing a possibility of a turn of pipe once it is inserted. Installation marks on fittings could serve also to this purpose. 7/ The surfaces to be welded should be cleaned and de-greased after the marking was completed. If this step is left out then melted layers can be bonded inadequately! Now the heating-up process may start.
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I. Preparation of pipes
bevelling II. Welding
scraping
8/ Owing to its thicker wall (needing more time to get heated through) the fitting should be pushed over the hot plug first and a check for a loose contact is made again. A fitting that does not match the plug over its whole surface should be discarded because uneven contact (and material heating up) may result in low-quality welds. The pipe is slid into the plug next and the same procedure is applied as for the fitting. 9/ Both components are heated for the period shown in Table 1, page 30. The heat-up time is measured starting the moment when both the pipe and fitting are over the plug in their whole marked lengths. If the sliding operation seems to be difficult a slight component turning (max. 10 ) on the plug is admissible until they are slid over their whole lengths. No turning is allowed during the heatingup period; this could cause material accumulation in some sections. 10/ After the end of the heating-up period both the fitting and pipe are removed and coupled inserting the pipe into the fitting socket in a gentle and uniform pressure for the whole marked length. Again, no turning is allowed. An axis alignment of both components is then checked. Table 2 on page 26 shows maximum permissible intervals between the component removal from the plug and assembly of the pipe with the pipe fitting socket. If these intervals are not followed then melted layers may cool excessively creating thus low-quality joint (lack of fusion). Any fresh joint should be fixed for a period of 20 30 seconds before its partial cooling takes place, fixing thus the pipe end against sliding it out of the socket under the welding pressure and/or against a change of position of the pipe end and socket. The piping system may be filled with water not earlier than one hour after the last weld has been completed. Recommendation for welding operations involving large diameters: Upto 40 mm diameter pipes may be welded in hand, however, machine welding (or, at least, a use of welding jig) is recommended for 50 mm diameters and higher in order to provide necessary thrust forces and get the pipes correctly aligned.
fixing and aligning components in jig, then heating-up
adjustment after heating up period
finished weld after cooling period


Table: 1 D [mm] heat-up time [s] D [mm] heat-up time [s]
16 20 25 32 40 Table: 2 D [mm]
5 5 7 8 12
50 63 75 90 110
18 24 30 40 50
time of removal and assembly [s]
cooling time [min]
16, 20, 25 32, 40, 50 63, 75, 90 110 D = outer pipe diameter [mm]
4 6 8 10
2 4 6 8
Pipes are treated in required lengths and oxidised layers are removed with a scraper or special agent and external pipe surfaces plus internal surfaces of electrofittings are degreased (using spirit or Tangit) afterwards. Then the electrofitting insertion depth is marked. If EKOPLASTIK STABI piping is to be assembled then outer PPR and middle aluminium layers should be removed first (using special cutters) along the whole pipe section to be inserted into the socket of electrofitting and then the pipe joint is inserted there. Position of the pipe should be fixed in the socket because, due to the volume expansion of heated plastic material, pipe could be pushed out of its place. The electrofitting welding machine is then connected to the power supply (220V) and it is necessary to wait some time until the welding machine gets operational. The contacts of electrofitting piece and welding machine are then connected. Welding starts after the START button is pushed and the welding machine automatically switches itself off as soon as the weld is completed. A correct process of electric welding is indicated by excessive plastic material squeezed out of check-points on external electrofitting surfaces. The piping system assembled this way may be loaded with water not earlier than one hour after the last weld has been completed
XIV. WELDING BY ELECTROFITTING WORKING PROCEDURES

1. Tools 1/ Electric welding machine for electric welding of pipes (electrofitting welder). 2/ Special shears or cutter. 3/ Textile rag (non-synthetic material only). 4/ Spirit or Tangit, sharp knife with short blade. 5/ Pocket, folding rule + marker. 6/ Installation jig to fasten pipe and fitting in right position. 7/ Scraper and assembly jig for welding of diameters over 50 mm. 8/ Pipe off-cutting scraper, if EKOPLASTIK STABI pipes are to be coupled. 2. Tool preparations The welding machine is positioned at the workplace and feeding cable is unreeled. Correct functioning of cutting tools (for details see Chapter Polyfusion Welding). 3. Welding procedures Pipes are cut by special shears or a cutting wheel. After an inspection of components (pipes and fittings) the welding machine is to be prepared.
It is very important to let the performed joint become cold before next using. The performed joint should be also protected from mechanical tension (like turning and pressure or pipe pressure).
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XV. REPAIR OF DAMAGED PIPING
Dry and degrease. Measure and mark the depth of insertion on the stake depending on the wall thickness of the drilled pipe + 2 mm; set the distance ring on the heating stake.
REPAIRING SET FOR PIPES DRILLED THROUGH
A unique way of repairing pipes drilled through it should be part of every plumber's kit. Considerably reduces the extent of demolition work and damage to tiles. The set comprises a special heating adapter and repairing stakes. The adapter is an universal one for all types of non-paired welding machines incl. angle welding machines. A special non-paired adapter is now part of the welding set. The set is intended for repairing of the drilled through pipeline Ekoplastik PPR and Ekoplastik Stabi. It is a universal fit for all diameters between 20 and 63 mm, as well as for all pressure lines. It operates on the principle of polyfusion welding and all general rules for polyfusion welding are applicable see the Assembly regulations directive Ekoplastik PPR. The required tools: repairing set, a piece of cloth or napkin to use for degreasing and drying out, tape measure, pencil, screwdriver, scissors (pliers), the special welding adapters, correcting spike and the welding machine. Turn on the welding machine with the fixed welding adapter, set it to the maximum and wait for the second soaking cycle minimally.
Start heating the repairing stake and insert the heating stake slowly and without turning into the prepared hole. Heat for 5 seconds.
Insert the heated repairing stake slowly and without turning into the heated hole.
When it cools down, cut off the remaining part of the repairing stake with a pair of shears.
The drilled hole must be redrilled (calibrated) with a 10 mm drill.
If using the repair set without any previous experience, we recommend that you test out with two check welds, cut them and visually check the weld both the fusion of the material and the size of the melted collars.


XVI. ADDITIONAL BRANCHING
NOW
BEFORE
Branching 32 mm for a pipeline of diameter 90 mm. Old technique (on the left): T piece 90 mm, reduction 90/63 mm and reduction 63/32 mm was used. New technique (on the right): welding saddle 90 x 32 mm was used.
WELD IN SADDLE
The large assortment of fittings allows for the creation of branching of diameter 32, 40 mm or branching with internal and external thread (3/4). For the EKOPLASTIK PPR and EKOPLASTIK STABI pipelines of diameters 63, 75, 90, 110 mm and for all pressure lines. The principle of polyfusion welding type C is maintained. Special pre-heat extensions for each diameter of pipeline, universal for all types of flat welding machines. Saves work and space substitution of T- pieces and reduction. By connecting the saddle and the pipe, a perfect joint is achieved throughout the entire welding area. 1
D1 A B B1
Necessary tools: special drill, drilling machine, piece of fabric or napkin for degreasing, special fusion adapter, welding funnel, welding machine, edge chamfering tool (for Stabi pipes)
2
Rp
B1 B D
B1 B
1
Drill a hole into the pipe with the special drill.
2
Clean. If you use the Stabi pipe, chamfer the edge of the drilled hole. Clean and degrease the adapting pipe as well as the drilled hole.
All plastic weld in saddle diameter D 63x32 75x32 1 90x32 110x32 110x40 63x3/4 2 75x3/4 90x3/4 63x3/4 3 75x3/4 90x3/4 63 75 90 110 110 63 75 90 63 75 90
Weld in saddle with metal thread female D1 32 32 32 32 40 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 Rp R
Weld in saddle with metal thread male A 18 18 18 18 21 B1 27,0 27,0 27,0 25,7 25,7 27,0 27,0 27,0 44,8 44,8 44,8 B 58,5 64,5 72,0 80,7 80,7 58,5 64,5 72,0 76,3 82,3 89,8
3
First heat the hole. Put an adapter into the drilled hole. After you make a weld-on piece on the whole perimeter of the adapter put a plastic weld-in saddle on the adapter so that the mark on the saddle and the mark on the adapter are on one level. Heat the hole and the plastic weld-in saddle. In case of weld in saddle parts 110x32 and 110x40 is the heating-up time same as in case of dimension 40mm = 12 sec.
4
Put the heated saddle on the heated hole and fix for about 16 seconds. One hour later you can run water in and expose it to pressure.
Dimensions are given in millimetres / inches.
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XVII. PRESSURE LOSS TABLES

PN 10
k = 0,01 Q 1/s 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60 3,80 4,00 4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00
water temperature = 10 C
20 x 2,2 mm R kPa/m 0,006 0,020 0,041 0,067 0,099 0,137 0,180 0,227 0,280 0,337 0,465 0,611 0,774 0,954 1,150 2,370 3,971 5,939 8,266 v m/s 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,6 2,1 2,7 3,2 25 x 2,3 mm R kPa/m v m/s 32 x 2,9 mm R kPa/m v m/s 40 x 3,7 mm R kPa/m v m/s 50 x 4,6 mm R kPa/m v m/s 63 x 5,8 mm R kPa/m v m/s 75 x 6,8 mm R kPa/m v m/s 90 x 8,2 mm R kPa/m v m/s 110 x 10 mm R kPa/m v m/s
0,006 0,012 0,019 0,029 0,039 0,052 0,065 0,080 0,097 0,133 0,175 0,222 0,273 0,329 0,674 1,124 1,675 2,322 3,064 3,900 4,826 5,844
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 1,0 1,3 1,6 1,9 2,2 2,5 2,9 3,2
0,003 0,006 0,008 0,011 0,015 0,019 0,023 0,028 0,038 0,050 0,063 0,078 0,094 0,192 0,319 0,474 0,655 0,863 1,095 1,352 1,634 2,269 2,998 3,819 4,732
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 2,3 2,6 3,0 3,4
0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,008 0,009 0,013 0,017 0,022 0,027 0,032 0,065 0,108 0,160 0,221 0,291 0,369 0,455 0,549 0,760 1,001 1,273 1,574 1,903 2,262 2,649 3,064 3,507
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,4 1,7 1,9 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,9 3,1 3,4
0,002 0,002 0,003 0,003 0,004 0,006 0,007 0,009 0,011 0,022 0,037 0,055 0,076 0,099 0,126 0,155 0,187 0,258 0,340 0,431 0,532 0,642 0,762 0,891 1,029 1,176 1,332 1,497 1,671 1,854 2,045 2,246 2,454 2,672 2,898
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,2 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,8 2,0 2,1 2,3 2,4 2,6 2,8 2,9 3,1 3,2 3,4 3,5
0,001 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,007 0,012 0,018 0,025 0,033 0,042 0,051 0,062 0,085 0,112 0,142 0,175 0,211 0,250 0,292 0,337 0,385 0,436 0,489 0,545 0,604 0,666 0,731 0,798 0,868 0,940 1,016 1,093
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4
0,001 0,001 0,002 0,003 0,005 0,008 0,011 0,014 0,018 0,022 0,027 0,037 0,049 0,062 0,076 0,092 0,108 0,126 0,146 0,166 0,188 0,211 0,235 0,260 0,287 0,314 0,343 0,373 0,404 0,436 0,469
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7
0,001 0,002 0,003 0,005 0,006 0,008 0,009 0,011 0,015 0,020 0,026 0,031 0,038 0,045 0,052 0,060 0,069 0,078 0,087 0,097 0,107 0,118 0,129 0,141 0,153 0,166 0,179 0,193
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2
0,001 0,001 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,004 0,006 0,008 0,010 0,012 0,014 0,017 0,020 0,023 0,026 0,030 0,033 0,037 0,041 0,045 0,049 0,054 0,058 0,063 0,068 0,073
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8
PN 10
k = 0,01 Q 1/s
20 x 2,2 mm R kPa/m v m/s 25 x 2,3 mm R kPa/m v m/s 32 x 2,9 mm R kPa/m v m/s 40 x 3,7 mm R kPa/m v m/s 50 x 4,6 mm R kPa/m v m/s 63 x 5,8 mm R kPa/m v m/s 75 x 6,8 mm R kPa/m v m/s 90 x 8,2 mm R kPa/m v m/s 110 x 10 mm R kPa/m v m/s
0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05
0,005 0,016 0,033 0,055 0,081
0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3
0,005 0,009 0,016 0,023
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2
0,003 0,004 0,007
0,1 0,1 0,1
0,002
0,1


PRESSURE LOSS TABLES
PN 10
k = 0,01 Q 1/s
20 x 2,2 mm R kPa/m v m/s 25 x 2,3 mm R kPa/m v m/s 32 x 2,9 mm R kPa/m v m/s 40 x 3,7 mm R kPa/m v m/s 50 x 4,6 mm R kPa/m v m/s 63 x 5,8 mm R kPa/m v m/s 75 x 6,8 mm R kPa/m v m/s 90 x 8,2 mm R kPa/m v m/s 110 x 10 mm R kPa/m v m/s
0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60 3,80 4,00 4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00
0,112 0,147 0,186 0,229 0,277 0,383 0,505 0,642 0,793 0,959 2,003 3,396 5,132 7,206
0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,6 2,1 2,7 3,2
0,032 0,042 0,053 0,065 0,079 0,109 0,143 0,182 0,224 0,271 0,561 0,943 1,417 1,978 2,628 3,365 4,188 5,097
0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 1,0 1,3 1,6 1,9 2,2 2,5 2,9 3,2
0,009 0,012 0,015 0,019 0,023 0,031 0,041 0,052 0,064 0,077 0,158 0,264 0,394 0,548 0,726 0,926 1,148 1,393 1,950 2,594 3,327 4,147
0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 2,3 2,6 3,0 3,4
0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,008 0,011 0,014 0,018 0,022 0,026 0,053 0,089 0,132 0,183 0,242 0,307 0,380 0,460 0,642 0,851 1,087 1,351 1,642 1,961 2,306 2,677 3,076
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,4 1,7 1,9 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,9 3,1 3,4
0,001 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,007 0,009 0,018 0,030 0,045 0,062 0,082 0,104 0,128 0,155 0,215 0,284 0,362 0,449 0,545 0,649 0,761 0,882 1,011 1,149 1,296 1,450 1,613 1,785 1,964 2,152 2,349 2,553
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,2 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,8 2,0 2,1 2,3 2,4 2,6 2,8 2,9 3,1 3,2 3,4 3,5
0,001 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,006 0,010 0,015 0,021 0,027 0,034 0,042 0,051 0,070 0,093 0,118 0,146 0,177 0,210 0,246 0,284 0,325 0,369 0,416 0,464 0,516 0,570 0,626 0,686 0,747 0,811 0,878 0,947
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4
0,001 0,001 0,001 0,003 0,004 0,006 0,009 0,012 0,015 0,018 0,022 0,030 0,040 0,051 0,063 0,076 0,090 0,105 0,122 0,139 0,158 0,177 0,198 0,220 0,242 0,266 0,291 0,317 0,344 0,372 0,401
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7
0,001 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,008 0,009 0,013 0,017 0,021 0,026 0,031 0,037 0,043 0,050 0,057 0,064 0,072 0,081 0,089 0,099 0,108 0,118 0,129 0,139 0,151 0,162
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2
0,001 0,001 0,001 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,003 0,005 0,006 0,008 0,010 0,012 0,014 0,016 0,019 0,022 0,024 0,027 0,031 0,034 0,037 0,041 0,045 0,048 0,053 0,057 0,061
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8
PN 16
20 x 2,8 mm R kPa/m 0,008 0,027 0,056 0,093 0,137 0,189 0,248 0,313 0,386 0,465 0,641 0,843 1,068 1,316 1,588 v m/s 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 25 x 3,5 mm R kPa/m v m/s 32 x 4,4 mm R kPa/m v m/s 40 x 5,5 mm R kPa/m v m/s 50 x 6,9 mm R kPa/m v m/s 63 x 8,6 mm 75 x 10,3 mm 90 x 12,3 mm 110 x 15,1 mm R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s
k = 0,01 16 x 2,2 mm Q 1/s 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 R kPa/m 0,025 0,083 0,170 0,282 0,418 0,576 0,756 0,958 1,180 1,422 1,967 2,588 3,285 4,056 4,900 v m/s 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0
0,009 0,019 0,032 0,047 0,065 0,085 0,108 0,133 0,160 0,221 0,290 0,367 0,452 0,544
0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,8
0,006 0,010 0,015 0,020 0,027 0,034 0,041 0,050 0,069 0,090 0,114 0,140 0,168
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5
0,003 0,005 0,007 0,009 0,012 0,014 0,017 0,023 0,031 0,039 0,048 0,058
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3
0,002 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,008 0,010 0,013 0,016 0,019
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2
0,002 0,002 0,003 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
0,001 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,003
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
0,001 0,001
0,1 0,1
30
PHONE +420 326 983 111
FAX +420 326 983 110

PN 16
20 x 2,8 mm R kPa/m 3,277 5,499 8,236 v m/s 1,8 2,5 3,1 25 x 3,5 mm R kPa/m 1,118 1,868 2,786 3,869 5,112 6,513 8,071 v m/s 1,2 1,6 2,0 2,4 2,8 3,1 3,5 32 x 4,4 mm R kPa/m 0,345 0,574 0,854 1,183 1,558 1,980 2,448 2,960 4,117 5,449 v m/s 0,7 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,7 1,9 2,2 2,4 2,9 3,4 40 x 5,5 mm R kPa/m 0,118 0,196 0,290 0,401 0,528 0,669 0,826 0,997 1,382 1,824 2,322 2,874 3,480 4,139 v m/s 0,5 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,2 1,4 1,5 1,8 2,1 2,5 2,8 3,1 3,4 50 x 6,9 mm R kPa/m 0,040 0,066 0,097 0,134 0,176 0,223 0,275 0,332 0,459 0,604 0,767 0,948 1,145 1,360 1,591 1,839 2,104 2,385 2,682 2,995 3,324 v m/s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,3 2,5 2,7 2,9 3,1 3,3 3,5 63 x 8,6 mm 75 x 10,3 mm 90 x 12,3 mm 110 x 15,1 mm R kPa/m 0,013 0,022 0,032 0,045 0,058 0,074 0,091 0,110 0,152 0,199 0,253 0,311 0,376 0,446 0,521 0,601 0,686 0,777 0,873 0,974 1,080 1,190 1,306 1,427 1,553 1,683 1,819 1,959 v m/s 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,1 R kPa/m 0,006 0,010 0,014 0,020 0,026 0,032 0,040 0,048 0,066 0,087 0,110 0,136 0,164 0,194 0,227 0,261 0,298 0,337 0,379 0,422 0,468 0,515 0,565 0,617 0,671 0,727 0,785 0,845 v m/s 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 R kPa/m 0,002 0,004 0,006 0,008 0,011 0,014 0,017 0,020 0,028 0,037 0,046 0,057 0,069 0,081 0,095 0,109 0,125 0,141 0,158 0,176 0,195 0,215 0,235 0,257 0,279 0,302 0,326 0,361 v m/s 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5 R kPa/m 0,001 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,008 0,011 0,014 0,018 0,022 0,026 0,031 0,036 0,041 0,047 0,053 0,060 0,067 0,074 0,081 0,089 0,097 0,105 0,114 0,123 0,132 v m/s 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0
k = 0,01 16 x 2,2 mm Q 1/s 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60 3,80 4,00 4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00 R kPa/m 10,182 v m/s 2,9
PN 16
20 x 2,8 mm R kPa/m 0,007 0,022 0,045 0,075 0,112 0,154 0,203 0,257 0,317 0,382 0,530 0,698 0,888 1,099 1,330 2,785 4,731 7,161 v m/s 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,8 2,5 3,1 25 x 3,5 mm R kPa/m v m/s 32 x 4,4 mm R kPa/m v m/s 40 x 5,5 mm R kPa/m v m/s 50 x 6,9 mm R kPa/m v m/s 63 x 8,6 mm 75 x 10,3 mm 90 x 12,3 mm 110 x 15,1 mm R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s
k = 0,01 16 x 2,2 mm Q 1/s 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 R kPa/m 0,020 0,068 0,138 0,230 0,342 0,473 0,623 0,792 0,978 1,183 1,644 2,175 2,773 3,439 4,172 8,828 v m/s 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,9
0,008 0,016 0,026 0,038 0,053 0,070 0,088 0,108 0,131 0,181 0,238 0,302 0,373 0,450 0,935 1,578 2,376 3,325 4,425 5,675 7,073
0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,8 1,2 1,6 2,0 2,4 2,8 3,1 3,5
0,005 0,008 0,012 0,016 0,022 0,027 0,034 0,040 0,056 0,073 0,093 0,115 0,138 0,285 0,478 0,716 0,997 1,322 1,689 2,098 2,549 3,577 4,770
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,7 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,7 1,9 2,2 2,4 2,9 3,4
0,003 0,004 0,006 0,007 0,009 0,011 0,014 0,019 0,025 0,032 0,039 0,047 0,096 0,161 0,240 0,334 0,441 0,562 0,696 0,843 1,178 1,565 2,004 2,494 3,036 3,629
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,2 1,4 1,5 1,8 2,1 2,5 2,8 3,1 3,4
0,002 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,008 0,011 0,013 0,016 0,032 0,054 0,080 0,110 0,146 0,185 0,229 0,277 0,385 0,510 0,650 0,807 0,980 1,168 1,372 1,592 1,828 2,079
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,3 2,5 2,7 2,9
0,001 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,004 0,005 0,011 0,018 0,026 0,036 0,048 0,061 0,075 0,091 0,126 0,166 0,211 0,261 0,316 0,376 0,441 0,511 0,585 0,664
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8
0,001 0,001 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,005 0,008 0,012 0,016 0,021 0,026 0,033 0,039 0,055 0,072 0,091 0,113 0,136 0,162 0,190 0,220 0,251 0,285
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3
0,001 0,001 0,002 0,003 0,005 0,007 0,009 0,011 0,014 0,016 0,023 0,030 0,038 0,047 0,057 0,067 0,079 0,091 0,104 0,118
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9
0,001 0,001 0,002 0,003 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,009 0,011 0,014 0,018 0,021 0,025 0,030 0,034 0,039 0,044
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6



PN 16
20 x 2,8 mm R kPa/m v m/s 25 x 3,5 mm R kPa/m v m/s 32 x 4,4 mm R kPa/m v m/s 40 x 5,5 mm R kPa/m v m/s 50 x 6,9 mm R kPa/m 2,345 2,627 2,925 v m/s 3,1 3,3 3,5 63 x 8,6 mm 75 x 10,3 mm 90 x 12,3 mm 110 x 15,1 mm R kPa/m 0,748 0,837 0,930 1,028 1,131 1,239 1,351 1,468 1,589 1,716 v m/s 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,1 R kPa/m 0,320 0,358 0,398 0,439 0,483 0,528 0,575 0,624 0,676 0,729 v m/s 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 R kPa/m 0,132 0,148 0,164 0,181 0,198 0,217 0,236 0,256 0,277 0,298 v m/s 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5 R kPa/m 0,050 0,055 0,061 0,067 0,074 0,081 0,088 0,095 0,103 0,111 v m/s 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0
k = 0,01 16 x 2,2 mm Q 1/s 3,20 3,40 3,60 3,80 4,00 4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00 R kPa/m v m/s
PN 16
water temperature = 80
20 x 2,8 mm R kPa/m 0,004 0,019 0,038 0,067 0,098 0,134 0,175 0,221 0,272 0,328 0,465 0,612 0,777 0,976 1,180 2,492 4,299 6,539 v m/s 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,8 2,5 3,1
STABI
32 x 4,5 mm R kPa/m v m/s 40 x 5,6 mm R kPa/m v m/s 50 x 6,9 mm R kPa/m v m/s 63 x 8,7 mm 75 x 10,4 mm 90 x 12,5 mm 110 x 15,2 mm R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s
k = 0,01 16 x 2,3 mm Q 1/s 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60 3,80 4,00 4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00 R kPa/m 0,015 0,061 0,117 0,198 0,297 0,414 0,550 0,686 0,855 1,040 1,462 1,926 2,479 3,067 3,496 8,047 v m/s 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,9
25 x 3,5 mm R kPa/m v m/s
0,007 0,014 0,023 0,034 0,047 0,062 0,074 0,092 0,111 0,155 0,206 0,263 0,327 0,397 0,828 1,406 2,129 3,018 4,030 5,183 6,513
0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,8 1,2 1,6 2,0 2,4 2,8 3,1 3,5
0,004 0,007 0,010 0,013 0,019 0,023 0,030 0,034 0,048 0,064 0,082 0,097 0,119 0,247 0,419 0,631 0,885 1,180 1,530 1,907 2,323 3,277 4,389
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,7 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,7 1,9 2,2 2,4 2,9 3,4
0,002 0,004 0,005 0,007 0,008 0,010 0,011 0,016 0,021 0,028 0,034 0,041 0,083 0,139 0,212 0,293 0,388 0,501 0,621 0,761 1,062 1,423 1,835 2,281 2,792 3,354
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,2 1,4 1,5 1,8 2,1 2,5 2,8 3,1 3,4
0,002 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,004 0,006 0,008 0,010 0,011 0,013 0,027 0,047 0,070 0,095 0,127 0,164 0,200 0,244 0,346 0,457 0,583 0,731 0,888 1,067 1,253 1,465 1,680 1,910 2,167 2,426 2,715
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,3 2,5 2,7 2,9 3,1 3,3 3,5
0,001 0,001 0,002 0,003 0,003 0,004 0,004 0,009 0,015 0,023 0,032 0,042 0,053 0,065 0,079 0,109 0,148 0,188 0,233 0,282 0,340 0,399 0,462 0,529 0,607 0,684 0,765 0,850 0,947 1,042 1,140 1,244 1,360 1,472 1,589
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,1
0,001 0,001 0,001 0,002 0,002 0,004 0,006 0,010 0,014 0,018 0,023 0,028 0,034 0,048 0,064 0,080 0,100 0,122 0,144 0,170 0,198 0,225 0,257 0,291 0,324 0,362 0,402 0,439 0,483 0,528 0,571 0,621 0,672
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2
0,001 0,001 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,006 0,007 0,010 0,012 0,014 0,020 0,026 0,033 0,041 0,050 0,059 0,069 0,080 0,092 0,104 0,118 0,132 0,146 0,164 0,181 0,198 0,216 0,234 0,253 0,273
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5
0,001 0,001 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,004 0,005 0,007 0,010 0,012 0,015 0,019 0,022 0,026 0,030 0,034 0,039 0,044 0,049 0,054 0,060 0,066 0,072 0,078 0,085 0,092 0,099
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0
32
PHONE +420 326 983 111
FAX +420 326 983 110

PN 20
k = 0,01 Q 1/s 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60 3,80 4,00 4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00
16 x 2,7 mm R kPa/m 0,035 0,118 0,240 0,399 0,591 0,816 1,071 1,357 1,673 2,017 2,791 3,676 4,669 5,768 6,971 14,522 v m/s 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,3 3,4 20 x 3,4 mm R v 25 x 4,2 mm 32 x 5,4 mm R v R v 40 x 6,7 mm 50 x 8,3 mm 63 x 10,5 mm 75 x 12,5 mm 90 x 15,0 mm 110 x 18,3 mm R v R kPa/m v m/s R v R v R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s
kPa/m m/s 0,012 0,041 0,084 0,140 0,207 0,286 0,375 0,475 0,585 0,704 0,973 1,279 1,622 2,000 2,414 4,994 8,397 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,3 1,5 2,2 2,9
kPa/m m/s kPa/m m/s
kPa/m m/s
kPa/m m/s
kPa/m m/s
0,014 0,028 0,047 0,070 0,096 0,126 0,159 0,196 0,236 0,325 0,427 0,540 0,665 0,802 1,650 2,761 4,125 5,735 7,585
0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,4 1,8 2,3 2,8 3,2
0,004 0,009 0,015 0,022 0,030 0,039 0,050 0,061 0,073 0,101 0,133 0,168 0,206 0,249 0,510 0,849 1,264 1,752 2,311 2,939 3,635 4,399 6,127
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,8 1,1 1,4 1,7 2,0 2,3 2,5 2,8 3,4
0,003 0,005 0,007 0,010 0,013 0,017 0,021 0,025 0,034 0,045 0,057 0,070 0,084 0,172 0,286 0,425 0,587 0,773 0,981 1,211 1,463 2,031 2,683 3,417 4,233
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,2 2,5 2,9 3,2
0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,007 0,009 0,012 0,016 0,020 0,024 0,029 0,060 0,099 0,147 0,203 0,267 0,338 0,417 0,503 0,696 0,917 1,165 1,441 1,742 2,070 2,423 2,803 3,208 3,638
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,1 2,3 2,5 2,8 3,0 3,2 3,5
0,002 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,008 0,010 0,019 0,032 0,048 0,066 0,087 0,110 0,135 0,163 0,225 0,296 0,375 0,463 0,559 0,663 0,775 0,894 1,022 1,158 1,301 1,452 1,610 1,776 1,949 2,131 2,319 2,515 2,718
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,9 2,0 2,2 2,3 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,9 3,0 3,2 3,3 3,5
0,001 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,003 0,004 0,008 0,014 0,021 0,029 0,038 0,048 0,059 0,071 0,097 0,128 0,162 0,200 0,241 0,286 0,334 0,385 0,440 0,498 0,559 0,623 0,691 0,761 0,835 0,912 0,992 1,075 1,161 1,251
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5
0,001 0,001 0,001 0,002 0,004 0,006 0,009 0,012 0,016 0,020 0,025 0,030 0,041 0,054 0,068 0,083 0,101 0,119 0,139 0,160 0,183 0,207 0,232 0,259 0,286 0,316 0,346 0,377 0,410 0,444 0,480 0,516
0,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,8
0,001 0,002 0,003 0,005 0,006 0,008 0,010 0,011 0,016 0,021 0,026 0,032 0,039 0,046 0,054 0,062 0,070 0,080 0,089 0,099 0,110 0,121 0,133 0,145 0,157 0,170 0,184 0,198
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2
PN 20
k = 0,01 Q 1/s 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07
16 x 2,7 mm R kPa/m 0,028 0,096 0,196 0,326 0,485 0,672 0,886 v m/s 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 20 x 3,4 mm R v 25 x 4,2 mm 32 x 5,4 mm R v R v 40 x 6,7 mm 50 x 8,3 mm 63 x 10,5 mm 75 x 12,5 mm 90 x 15,0 mm 110 x 18,3 mm R v R kPa/m v m/s R v R v R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s
kPa/m m/s 0,010 0,034 0,690 0,114 0,169 0,234 0,308 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5
kPa/m m/s kPa/m m/s
kPa/m m/s
kPa/m m/s
kPa/m m/s
0,011 0,023 0,038 0,057 0,078 0,102
0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3
0,004 0,007 0,012 0,018 0,024 0,032
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2
0,002 0,004 0,006 0,008 0,011
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
0,002 0,003 0,004
0,1 0,1 0,1
0,001
0,1



PN 20
k = 0,01 Q 1/s 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60 3,80 4,00 4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00
16 x 2,7 mm R kPa/m 1,126 1,392 1,684 2,344 3,104 3,962 4,918 5,972 12,68 v m/s 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,3 3,4 20 x 3,4 mm R v 25 x 4,2 mm 32 x 5,4 mm R v R v 40 x 6,7 mm 50 x 8,3 mm 63 x 10,5 mm 75 x 12,5 mm 90 x 15,0 mm 110 x 18,3 mm R v R kPa/m 0,005 0,006 0,007 0,010 0,013 0,016 0,020 0,024 0,049 0,081 0,121 0,168 0,221 0,281 0,348 0,421 0,587 0,778 0,994 1,235 1,501 1,791 2,106 2,445 2,809 3,197 v m/s 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,1 2,3 2,5 2,8 3,0 3,2 3,5 R v R v R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s
kPa/m m/s 0,390 0,482 0,582 0,807 1,065 1,356 1,679 2,033 4,273 7,281 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,3 1,5 2,2 2,9
kPa/m m/s kPa/m m/s 0,130 0,160 0,193 0,267 0,351 0,446 0,551 0,666 1,388 2,348 3,541 4,964 6,616 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,4 1,8 2,3 2,8 3,2 0,040 0,050 0,060 0,082 0,108 0,137 0,169 0,204 0,423 0,710 1,065 1,486 1,972 2,523 3,138 3,816 5,364 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,8 1,1 1,4 1,7 2,0 2,3 2,5 2,8 3,4
kPa/m m/s 0,014 0,017 0,020 0,028 0,037 0,046 0,057 0,069 0,141 0,236 0,353 0,491 0,649 0,828 1,027 1,245 1,742 2,317 2,971 3,702 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,2 2,5 2,9 3,2
kPa/m m/s 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,008 0,016 0,026 0,039 0,054 0,071 0,090 0,111 0,135 0,187 0,247 0,315 0,390 0,473 0,563 0,660 0,765 0,877 0,996 1,123 1,256 1,397 1,545 1,701 1,863 2,033 2,210 2,394 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,9 2,0 2,2 2,3 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,9 3,0 3,2 3,3 3,5
kPa/m m/s
0,001 0,001 10,002 0,002 0,003 0,003 0,007 0,011 0,017 0,023 0,031 0,039 0,048 0,058 0,080 0,106 0,135 0,167 0,202 0,240 0,281 0,325 0,373 0,423 0,476 0,532 0,591 0,653 0,718 0,786 0,856 0,930 1,006 1,086
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5
0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,003 0,005 0,007 0,010 0,013 0,016 0,020 0,024 0,033 0,044 0,056 0,069 0,083 0,099 0,116 0,134 0,153 0,174 0,195 0,218 0,242 0,267 0,293 0,321 0,349 0,379 0,410 0,442
0,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,8
0,001 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,008 0,009 0,013 0,017 0,021 0,026 0,032 0,038 0,044 0,051 0,058 0,066 0,074 0,083 0,092 0,101 0,111 0,121 0,132 0,143 0,155 0,167
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2
COEFFICIENT OF LOSS FOR FITTINGS SYSTEM EKOPLASTIK PPR
Z Z
Socket Reduction by 2 dimension Elbow 90 Tee passage in case of separation of flow 0,2 0,55 1,5 1,1 Tee separation of flow Tee reduced passage in case of flow Tee reduced separation of flow Reducing sleeve with metal thread Metal reducer with cap nut 1,5 1,1 4,3 0,4 8,3
34
PHONE +420 326 983 111
FAX +420 326 983 110

PN 20
k = 0,01 Q 1/s 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60 3,80 4,00 4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00
16 x 2,7 mm R kPa/m 0,026 0,087 0,179 0,299 0,446 0,619 0,818 1,042 1,291 1,565 2,186 2,905 3,719 4,630 5,636 12,09 v m/s 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,3 3,4 20 x 3,4 mm R v 25 x 4,2 mm 32 x 5,4 mm R v R v 40 x 6,7 mm 50 x 8,3 mm 63 x 10,5 mm 75 x 12,5 mm 90 x 15,0 mm 110 x 18,3 mm R v R kPa/m v m/s R v R v R kPa/m v m/s R kPa/m v m/s
kPa/m m/s 0,009 0,030 0,062 0,104 0,155 0,214 0,282 0,359 0,443 0,536 0,746 0,988 1,261 1,565 1,900 4,031 6,918 1,1 1,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,3 1,5 2,2 2,9
kPa/m m/s kPa/m m/s
kPa/m m/s
kPa/m m/s
kPa/m m/s
0,010 0,021 0,035 0,051 0,071 0,094 0,119 0,146 0,177 0,245 0,323 0,412 0,510 0,617 1,296 2,206 3,346 4,712 6,304
0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,4 1,8 2,3 2,8 3,2
0,003 0,006 0,011 0,016 0,022 0,029 0,037 0,045 0,054 0,075 0,099 0,126 0,155 0,188 0,391 0,661 0,995 1,395 1,858 2,384 2,974 3,626 5,121
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,8 1,1 1,4 1,7 2,0 2,3 2,5 2,8 3,4
0,002 0,004 0,005 0,007 0,010 0,012 0,015 0,018 0,025 0,033 0,042 0,052 0,063 0,130 0,218 0,327 0,456 0,605 0,774 0,963 1,171 1,645 2,197 2,826 3,532
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,2 2,5 2,9 3,2
0,002 0,003 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,009 0,012 0,015 0,018 0,022 0,045 0,075 0,111 0,155 0,205 0,261 0,324 0,392 0,549 0,730 0,936 1,166 1,421 1,700 2,003 2,331 2,682 3,058
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,1 2,3 2,5 2,8 3,0 3,2 3,5
0,001 0,001 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,007 0,014 0,024 0,036 0,050 0,065 0,083 0,103 0,124 0,173 0,230 0,293 0,364 0,443 0,528 0,621 0,721 0,828 0,942 1,064 1,192 1,328 1,471 1,621 1,778 1,942 2,113 2,292
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,9 2,0 2,2 2,3 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,9 3,0 3,2 3,3 3,5
0,001 0,001 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,003 0,006 0,010 0,015 0,021 0,028 0,036 0,044 0,053 0,074 0,098 0,125 0,155 0,188 0,224 0,263 0,304 0,349 0,397 0,447 0,501 0,557 0,616 0,679 0,744 0,812 0,882 0,956 1,033
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5
0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,003 0,004 0,006 0,009 0,012 0,015 0,018 0,022 0,031 0,040 0,051 0,064 0,077 0,092 0,107 0,124 0,142 0,162 0,182 0,204 0,226 0,250 0,275 0,301 0,328 0,356 0,386 0,416
0,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,8
0,001 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,005 0,006 0,007 0,009 0,012 0,016 0,020 0,024 0,029 0,035 0,041 0,047 0,054 0,061 0,069 0,077 0,085 0,094 0,103 0,113 0,123 0,134 0,145 0,156
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2

Ekoplastik PPR system
Assembly regulations PPR
THE SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL TAP WATER DISTRIBUTION AND HEATING: SYSTEM PPR
Ekoplastik piping systems can be used for distribution systems in housing, administration and community buildings as well as for industrial and agricultural installations.
www.ekoplastik.com
WAVIN Ekoplastik s.r.o. Rude 848 277 13 Kostelec n/Labem Czech Republic Tel.: +420/ 326 983 111 Fax: +420/ 326 983 110 ekoplastik@ekoplastik.cz
1. edition 2007

Ekoplastik PPR Mont en

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EPIC B521 G111 X721 2007

Ekoplastik PPR system

Assembly regulations PPR

FOR WATER AND HEATING

Intelligent Solutions for Plumbing & Heating Projects

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

XVI. Additional branching XVII. Pressure Loss Tables

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ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

I. UTILISATION OF EKOPLASTIK PPR SYSTEM

II. WARRANTY TERMS AND CONDITIONS

III. PRODUCT RANGE BASIC INFORMATION

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

IV. PROPERTIES OF EKOPLASTIK PPR SYSTEM

PPR - selected technical features

PPR value 0,9

10 15 850 900 22 3 4 4,5

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ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

V. ASSUMED MEDIA PROPERTIES IN PIPING SYSTEMS

VI. OPERATING PARAMETERS OF PPR PIPING SYSTEM WATER DISTRIBUTION

medium cold water DHW (domestic hot water)

VII. OPERATING PARAMETERS OF PPR PIPING SYSTEM HEATING

Recommended values for heating system Ekoplastik PPR Temperature interval 75 / 65 C 70 / 50 C 70 / 60 C 80 / 60 C

For low-temperature applications

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

3. An example of calculation of piping service life value Input data

values PN 20 (20 x 3,4mm) 80 C 0,22 MPa 7 months 2,5

0,22 . (20 - 3,4) . 2,5 = 1,34 MPa 2 . 3,4

12 months = 43 years 7 months

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ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

VIII. EKOPLASTIK PIPELINE ROUTING OPTIONS

cover flashing expansion tape floor surface concrete floor structure

PPR piping thermal insulation shaped slab floor slab

EKOPLASTIK SYSTEM PPR 2007

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

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SAFETY FACTOR 1,5

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

TIME IN OPERATION (YEARS) 1 5

EKOPLASTIK SYSTEM PPR 2007

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

SAFETY FACTOR 2,5

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

10 Followed by (see the next line)

Design pressure PD Class 1 Bar 4 6 8 10 6,9 5,2 3,9 3,1

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ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

Components must not be exposed to open fire.

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ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR