800kV DC Transmission

IEEE General Meeting, Tampa FL, June 2007

Chris Horwill
Consultant FACTS
> Title of presentation - Date - References 3 3
Potential market for 800kV DC
projects
> Title of presentation - Date - References 4 4
UHVDC Prospects 600kV-800kV
Northern
Lights
2014-2020
Madeira
2012
WestCor
each 3 terminal
South W 2012
South E 2013
Chicken Neck
4 terminal
Phase 1 2009
Phase 2 2011
Irkutsk
(Russia)
-Beijing:
2015
Yunnan-Guangdong: 2009
Xiangliaba-Shanghai: 2011
Jingping-East China: 2012
Xiluodu-Hunan: 2014
Humeng-Shandong: 2015
Nuozhadu-Guangdong: 2015
Xiluodu-Hanzhou: 2015
Humeng-Tianjing: 2016
Jinsha River I-East China: 2016
Humeng-Liaoning: 2018
Jinsha River II-Fujian: 2018
Hami-Central China: 2018
Jinsha River II-East China: 2019
WestCor
4 terminal
North 2018
In-service dates
> Title of presentation - Date - References 5 5
NWPG
NCPG
NEPG
CCPG
ECPG
CSG
Xizang
Qinghai
Xinjiang
Gansu
Ningxia
Shaanxi
Shanxi
Shandong
Hebei
Inner Mongolia
Beijing
Heilongjiang
Jilin
Liaoning
Tianjin
Jiangsu
Henan
Hubei
Hunan
Jiangxi
Fujian
Anhui
Zheijang
Guangdong
Guangxi
Yunnan
Guizhou
Chongqing
& Sichuan
Hainan
Taiwan
Yunnan-Guangdong
800kV, 5000MW, 2009
SWPG
800kV HVDC projects planned in China 2009-2019
Year is project in service
Shanghai
Hami- Central China
800kV, 6400MW, 2018
Humeng-Liaoning
800kV, 6400MW, 2018
Jinsha River II-Fujian
800kV, 6400MW, 2018
Jinsha River II-East China
800kV, 6400MW, 2019
Jinping-East China
800kV, 6400MW, 2012
Humeng-Tianjin
800kV, 6400MW, 2016
Jinsha River I-East China
800kV, 6400MW, 2016
Xiluodu-Hunan
800kV, 6400MW, 2014
Nuozhadu-Guangdong
800kV, 6000MW, 2015
Xiluodu-Hangzhou
800kV, 6400MW, 2015
Humeng-Shandong
800kV, 6400MW, 2015
Irkutsk (Rusia)-Beijing
800kV, 6400MW, 2015
Xianjiaba-Shanghai
800kV, 6400MW, 2011
> Title of presentation - Date - References 6 6
Benefits of HVDC at 800kV
Large HVDC schemes, 5000MW 6400MW are used to
access hydro power resources, hence renewable energy
with no CO
2
emissions
HVDC is more economic than AC for schemes with
transmission distances longer than 700km
800kV DC reduces the overall transmission losses
Right of way is smaller than 2 off 500kV HVDC or 5 off
500kV AC alternatives
> Title of presentation - Date - References 7 7
Transmission options for up to 6400MW
1 off 800kV tower
2 off 500kV towers
5 off 500kV AC towers
> Title of presentation - Date - References 8 8
Scheme Configuration
> Title of presentation - Date - References 9 9
Assumed Scheme Rating
6400MW
+/-800kV, 4000A Bipole
Single pole rating 3200MW
Single phase 2 winding converter transformers
> Title of presentation - Date - References 10 10
1 x 12 Pulse Converter Per Pole
One Pole Only Shown
> Title of presentation - Date - References 11 11
1 x 12 Pulse Converter Per Pole
Transformer fundamental frequency rating approximately
620MVA
Unlikely this can be transported to generation end
Converter trip removes up to 3200MW
This may be difficult for the grid to manage
May not be acceptable for availability reasons
Valve would need to be designed for much higher capacitive
inrush currents at commutation
No bypass switches
AREVA T&D has chosen to concentrate on multiple converter
options
2 x 12 pulse series connected converters per pole
> Title of presentation - Date - References 12 12
2 x 12 Pulse Series Connected Converters
One Pole Only Shown
> Title of presentation - Date - References 13 13
Series bridges 400kV + 400kV
Equal sizes of switched blocks
Would allow common transformer design
Would this be economic?
Would this be useful to operator?
Could have different valve winding bushings
Valve design would be common and the voltage within present
experience
Maximum bypass switch voltage 400kV
Maximum switched block 1600MW
Staged build step is 400kV
> Title of presentation - Date - References 14 14
2 x 12 Pulse Series Connected Converters
Series connected converters have already been used for
600kVdc
Transformer fundamental frequency rating approximately
320MVA
Should be possible to transport to generation end
Converter trip removes up to 1600MW
This should be acceptable
DC component or single pole line fault removes 3200MW
This would be extremely infrequent
Assuming equal bridge sizes:
Valve voltage less than present maximum rating
6 pulse bridge = 200kV
Today 6 pulse bridge = 250kV
Need bypass switches of 400kV
> Title of presentation - Date - References 15 15
2 x 12 Pulse Parallel Connected Converters
One Pole Only Shown
> Title of presentation - Date - References 16 16
2 x 12 Pulse Parallel Connected Converters
Parallel connected converters have been used on multi-
terminal schemes:
SACOI (Italy Corsica Sardinia)
New England (Canada USA)
Each converter needs to be 800kV as one block
Transformer fundamental frequency rating approximately
320MVA
Should be possible to transport to generation end
Converter trip removes up to 1600MW
800kVdc circuit breakers would be required to trip single converter
Valve would need to be designed for much higher capacitive
inrush currents at commutation
Do not need bypass switches
> Title of presentation - Date - References 17 17
800kV Pole
Basic Assumptions
2 off Series connected, 12 pulse bridges per pole
1 phase, 2 winding converter transformers
1 valve hall per 12 pulse bridge
2 hanging bi-valves per phase
Indoor DC area common to both bridges
> Title of presentation - Date - References 18 18
Single Line Diagram
One Pole
HVDC line
HVDC
filter
LVDC
Filter
Valve Hall
M
M
Y

El ectrode/
LVDC l ine
M
M
M
M
Y
M
M
Y
DCCT
Vol tage
divider
-
V
1
- V2
-
V
3
M
M
M
M
M
Y

Y
M
M
Y
-
V
1
- V2
-
V
3
M
M
M
Smoothing
Reactor
M
M
M
M
M
M
Neutral
Reactor
Voltage
divi der
DCCT
Converter
Transformer
Converter
Transformer
DC Filter
DCCT
DCCT
DCCT
DCCT
-S-AC
-S-DC
-I T
Neutral bus
disc onnect er
protect ion
Neutral
Bus
Switch
> Title of presentation - Date - References 19 19
Single line Diagram
One 12 pulse bridge
> Title of presentation - Date - References 20 20
Thyristor Valve
> Title of presentation - Date - References 21 21
Thyristor Valves
> Title of presentation - Date - References 22 22
AREVA Suspended Valve
DC Neutral
DC Midpoint
HVDC
AC ()
AC (Y)
Approx
26m,
70T
Single suspended valve: too tall and heavy!
> Title of presentation - Date - References 23 23
Valve Hall
Earth plane
5m
8.5m
400kV
800kV
26m
Earth plane
400kV
4m
1m
17.5m
> Title of presentation - Date - References 24 24
State-of-the-art Valve - Introduced 2003
Key attributes:
Enhanced capacity
Up to 500kV, 4000A as single block
Flexible
Thyristors up to 150mm diameter
Greater power density giving reduced
space
Significantly cheaper than previous valves
Rapid thyristor replacement without
disturbing power connections or cooling
pipe-work
Due to thyristor clamped assembly system
Direct water/glycol cooled
Suspended structure to ease seismic
qualification
Standardized and modularized for flexibility
> Title of presentation - Date - References 25 25
H400 Valve Module comprising 2 valve sections
Building Block
Thyristor Clamped
Assemblies
> Title of presentation - Date - References 26 26
Thyristor Clamped Assembly
Loading adaptor for thyristor
changing tool
Thyristor
GRP clamping
straps
Heatsink
with coolant
connection
Power connection
> Title of presentation - Date - References 27 27
Example of 12 pulse Thyristor Valve
> Title of presentation - Date - References 28 28
Converter Transformer
> Title of presentation - Date - References 29 29
Converter Transformers
> Title of presentation - Date - References 30 30
Converter Transformer for 800kV
Arrangement
> Title of presentation - Date - References 31 31
Converter Transformer for 800kV
Technical Challenges
DC side bushings
Oil free designs required
Composite insulation rather than porcelain
Solid insulation/Gas insulation?
Mechanical strength due to extreme length.
> Title of presentation - Date - References 32 32
Converter Transformer for 800kV
Schematic diagram
400kV AC
Bushing
400kV or
800kV
DC
H
L
B
10m
4.5m
8m
> Title of presentation - Date - References 33 33
Valve Hall Layout
> Title of presentation - Date - References 34 34
Upper Voltage Block Valve Hall
400kV to 800kV