CHAPTER 8: CIVIL DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATES

8.1 PROPOSED DHOBIGHAT IN ARA The geo-technical survey of the site revealed that load bearing structure may require extra precaution or strengthening of the structure, otherwise for normal load the civil work involves utilization of concrete frame. The proposed Dhobighat is a single storied structure of 253 feet span with Ceiling height of 13 feet. Therefore, as per requirement civil structure shall be constructed to cater the need. For proper designing following steps has been followed: 1. Layout plan of existing site of proposed Dhobighat 2. The conceptual and layout plan of proposed Dhobighat 3. Architectural drawings of the proposed Dhobighat 4. Structural drawing & design of proposed Dhobighat 5. Drawing and Design for Treatment plant based on expected effluent 6. Drawing and Design of Electrical fittings based on calculated design load 7. Provision of water distribution system including supply to various washing units, toilets, bathrooms, to and from overhead tanks. 8. Proper illumination 9. Non-conventional energy system

Arrangement of module in linear system has been planned for better water supply and power system. The non corrosive and non-skating flooring arrangement has been provided. The water retaining structure is considered leak-proof and of non-corrosive material. The power supply will be provided for the designed load of 15 KW. The power backup is given by providing the Gen set of 5 KVA. The RCC structure is provided with following standard; RCC structures Steel structures Shallow foundations Soil exploration and testing Water retaining structures Reinforcement IS 456 IS 800 IS 6403 IS 2720 IS 3370 IS 1786 for HYSD bars; IS 432 for mild steel bars

The estimation of proposed Dhobighat is based on the Bihar Schedule of Rates (BSR) 2013. For those items which are not covered in the DSR, current market rates are considered. The standards for the proposed facilities are based on the items being used in similar nature of works in Bihar or elsewhere in India. However structural design, type of material and specification to be used is based on the requirements of situation as well as the suitability of the product for effective and long term usages. In general, existing Indian standards will be followed for the designs and detailed calculations. The detail of calculation and load bear structures is also given in this Chapter, however the specification of material to be used in construction are summarized as under. The use of water at all the stages is obvious because clothes washing shall be done in the water, thus tiles and concrete structures where ever used shall be of high grade/quality to sustain in wet conditions. The use of soap and detergents will also affect the material, thus corrosion resistant material is considered predominantly.

DESIGN BASIS REPORT ON STRUCTURE SYSTEM ABASIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS LOCATION: The site of building is located at Lodhi Road near Meharchand Market Type of Building: R.C.C. FRAMED STRUCTURE

This is a (G+1) floor building. It is planned to provide grids of 3.4mx7.0m. The whole building has been divided into three parts by providing two expansion joints adjacent to the stair case.

The width of expansion joints is 40mm. The clear height of all floors is 3.75m. Two overhead water tank of 80000 litre capacity has been designed at a height of 1.20m above mumty slab. The depth of foundation from the original ground level is 1.25m as advised in soil test report. This building is designed for RCC framed structure having slab beam system throughout. STRUCTURAL DESIGN: The main considerations followed for the design of structure are: (a) (b) Structural safety and stability To meet the demands of aesthetics conceived by the architect

(c) (d) (e) (f)

Availability of material , equipment and expertise Constructability and ease of maintenance Durability Economy

DESIGN APPROACH: A 3-dimensional model of each block of the building is generated using STAAD PRO software. All the beams and columns have been modeled as finite elements (beams). The structure is analyzed for the possible combination of loads i.e. gravity loads (dead loads and live loads) and earthquake load (wherever applicable). Fatigue effects of persistent cyclic loads are not anticipated and may be negligible, if, any. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM The building has been designed as RCC framed structure with RCC slab, beams and Columns. The building has been designed as slab column arrangement from plinth to terrace level. The building has been designed with the relevant Indian code of practice for civil work. i.e. I.S.456, I.S. 875, I.S.1893-2002, I.S.4326-1976 and I.S. 13920-1993. The foundations are designed for a safe bearing capacity of 11.5t/sqm at a depth of 1.25m from general ground level. Isolated and combined footings are provided as foundation arrangement for this building DEAD LOADS: The dead load on the structure includes all the permanent loads attached with structure.The dead load in a building shall comprise of the weight of all walls,partitions, floors,roofs and all other permanent components of structure and shall conform to the unit weight of the materials asper IS 875. Unit weight of various structural members considered is as below: 1 Unit weight of water 1.0t/cum 2 Unit weight of RCC 2.5 t/cum 3 Unit weight of plaster 2.0t/cum 4 Unit weight of Brick work 2.0t/cum 5 Unit weight of soil 1.8t/cum 6 Unit weight of cinder 1.0t/cum Following are the permanent loads which have been considered in analysis. Self weight of structure i.e. slabs, beams and columns Floor finish Wall loads

LIVE LOAD Live loads on all the floors shall comprise all the loads other than dead loads. The minimum live loads on different occupancies have been considered as per IS 875 (part-II) -1987. The live loads adopted are as follows: Toilets and bath rooms Corridors, passage, stair case, lobby Area except bath rooms & s/case 2.0 kn/sqm 4.0 KN/sqm 4.0 Kn/sqm

SIESMIC LOAD: Siesmic coefficient method has been used as per IS 1893 Design Horizontal seismic coefficient Ah Zone factor Z Importance factor, I Reduction factor, R = Sa/2Rg =0.24 (Zone-IV) =1.0 =5.0

DUCTILITY & DURABILITY Besides the strength to ensure durability of the structure, concrete mix of M20 is used for all components of the structure the provisions in IS 13920 have been adopted to ensure adequate ductility of the structure.

SIESMIC ANALYSIS & DESIGN: 3-D analysis has been carried out using STAAD PRO software. In plane rigidity of slab is simulated in the model by providing moment of inertia of the slab and beams in the hor. Plane in both the direction. For seismic load evaluation for static approach using seismic coefficient method are used. Minimum base shear and mass participation approach factor asper IS 1893 is considered in the design. LOAD COMBINATIONS 1. 1.5*(DL+LL) 2. 3. 4. 5. 1.5*(DL+/- EQX) 1.5*(DL+/-EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL+/-EQX) 1.2*(DL+LL+/-EQZ)

Legends: DL DEAD LOAD

LL EQX EQZ

LIVE LOAD EARTHQUAKE LOAD IN X DIRECTION EARTHQUAKE LOAD IN Z DIRECTION

WHERE X & Z ARE TO PRINCIPAL AXIS

MATERIALS 1 Concrete: Concrete of mix M20 shall be used 2 Steel reinforcement: Steel reinforcement of grade Fe: 415 shall be used

DESIGN STANDARDS: All the relevant codes and specifications are followed. Some main codes are mentioned below: 1234567IS-456 2000 code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete structure IS 875 (PART-I,II,II) , code of practice for loads other than earthquake loads IS 1893 (Criteria for earthquake resistant design for structure) IS 4326 1993, code of practice for earthquake resistant design IS 13920 -1993, Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structure SP 16 (design aid to IS 456) SP-34 (reinforcement detailing)

8.2 PROPOSED CTCs CONSTRUCTION in ARA The detailed study of the sites identified revealed that load bearing structure may require extra precaution or strengthening of the structure, otherwise for normal load the civil work involves utilization of concrete frame. The proposed site for CTCs is a single storied structure of different span with Ceiling height of 12 feet. Therefore, as per requirement civil structure shall be constructed to cater the need. For proper designing following steps has been followed: 1. Layout plan of existing site of proposed CTCs 2. The conceptual and layout plan of proposed CTCs 3. Architectural drawings of the proposed CTCs 4. Structural drawing & design of proposed CTCs 5. Drawing and Design of Electrical fittings based on calculated design load 6. Provision of water distribution system including supply to various washing units, toilets, bathrooms, to and from overhead tanks. 7. Proper illumination

Arrangement of module in linear system has been planned for better water supply and power system. The non corrosive and non-skating flooring arrangement has been provided. The water retaining structure is considered leak-proof and of non-corrosive material. The power supply will be provided for the designed load of 5 KW. The power backup is given by providing the Gen set of 3 KVA. The RCC structure is provided with following standard; RCC structures Steel structures Shallow foundations Soil exploration and testing Water retaining structures Reinforcement IS 456 IS 800 IS 6403 IS 2720 IS 3370 IS 1786 for HYSD bars; IS 432 for mild steel bars

The estimation of proposed CTCs construction is based on the Bihar Schedule of Rates (BSR) 2013. For those items which are not covered in the DSR, current market rates are considered. The standards for the proposed facilities are based on the items being used in similar nature of works in Bihar or elsewhere in India. However structural design, type of material and specification to be used is based on the requirements of situation as well as the suitability of the product for effective and long term usages. In general, existing Indian standards will be followed for the designs and detailed calculations. The detail of calculation and load bear structures is also given in this Chapter, however the specification of material to be used in construction are summarized as under. The use of water at all the stages is obvious because clothes washing shall be done in the water, thus tiles and concrete structures where ever used shall be of high grade/quality to sustain in wet conditions.