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Slide 2
METHODS
I. SAMPLE:
- Universe was composed by cases attended
between October 2002 and November 2006
- Criteria of inclusion:
1. Telephone number available to make the
follow-up call.
Anxiety 29%
Mood Problems 28%
Children behavior 13%
Parents-children comunication problems 13%
Couples 7%
Addictions 3%
Others family problems 3%
SAMPLE ACCORDING TO
Adolescent behavior 1% TYPE OF PROBLEMS
Eating disorders 1%
Various 3%
Slide 8
METHODS
II. INSTRUMENTS:
3. Follow-up Questionnaire:
- 12-Item questionnaire
- Administered to clients over the phone
Slide 9
METHODS
Slide 10
METHODS
2. Success at follow-up:
- A score of at least a 5 on the scaling question
- A scaling score higher than in the first session
- The clients report that they had not consulted another
mental health professional for the same problem
Slide 11
RESULTS
AVERAGE OF SESSION
4 (Median 4)
0
All the cases Excluding dropouts
Slide 12
RESULTS
HISTOGRAM NUMBER OF SESSIONS
Slide 13
RESULTS
Slide 14
RESULTS (Judges)
SUCCESS AT TERMINATION
Not Successful
14% (9/66)
Successful
86% (57/66)
Source: Last-Session Rating Questionnaire
Slide 15
RESULTS (Clients)
SATISFACTION, THERAPY UTILITY AND
RESOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM
100%
80% 97%
91% 89%
Percentaje
(72/74)
60% (67/74) (65/73)
40%
20%
0%
Very much satisfied or The therapy was useful The problem was
satisfied with the or very useful solved (totally or
treatment partially) during therapy
Source: Follow-Up Questionnaire
Slide 16
RESULTS (Follow-up)
IMPROVEMENTS IN OTHER AREAS
NO
IMPROVEMENTS
44%
(32/73)
OTHERS IMPROVEMENTS
56%
(41/73)
Slide 17
RESULTS
NEW
PROBLEMS,
36%
(26/73)
Slide 18
RESULTS
CONSULTATION WITH ANOTHER MENTAL HEALTH
PROFFESIONAL AFTER THERAPY
Having
consulted with
another mental
health
professional;
21%
Having not
consulted; 79%
Slide 19
RESULTS
WHO HAVE THEY CONSULTED AFTER THERAPY?
10 9 (59%)
9 (n=15)
8
7
6
Cases
5 4 (27%)
4
3
2 1 (7%) 1 (7%)
1
0
Psychologist Psychiatrist Psychiatrist and Medical doctor
Psychologist
Source: Follow-Up Questionnaire
Slide 20
RESULTS
MEDICATION STATUS VS HAVE CONSULTED
WITH ANOTHER MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONAL
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
29%
Taking medication
(5/17)
20%
No medication
(10/51)
Fisher; p=0,50
% - Consulted with another mental healt professional
Source: Follow-Up Questionnaire
Slide 21
RESULTS
COMPLAINTS AND PROFESSIONAL CONSULTATION
AFTER THERAPY
Chi-square, p=0,629
Slide 22
RESULTS
PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS VS. HAVE CONSULTED
WITH ANOTHER MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONAL
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Psychiatric
diagnosis
45%
(9/20)
No psychiatric 13%
diagnosis (6/48)
; Fisher; p=0,04*
Slide 23
RESULTS
SUCCESS AT FOLLOW-UP
33%
(21/63)
Success at
When dropouts were excluded, follow up,
percentage increased to 76% (32/42) 67% (42/63)
8
7
6 Mean 6,6 Mean 6,8
Average score
Mean 2,4
Median 2,5
SD 2,3
Skewness 0,1
K-S p=0,76
Slide 26
RESULTS
INTERMEDIATE OUTCOME INTO THREE CATEGORIES
Significant
progress No progress
28% (12/42) 17% (7/42)
CATEGORIES:
● No progress: -3,5 to 0
● Moderate progress: 0,5 to 3,5 Moderate
● Significant progress: 4 or more progress
Moderate + Significant progress = 83% (35/42) 55% (23/42)
10
7
6
5
Cut-off points
4
3
Statistical difference was found
2 between successful and
1 not successful cases at termination
(Chi-square, p=0,01)
Slide 28
RESULTS
INTERMEDIATE OUTCOME MEANS VS.
SUCCESS AT TERMINATION
3
Mean (Intermediate Outcome)
Mean 2,7
2,5
1,5
0,5
Mean 0,1
0
Successful at termination No successful
Slide 29
RESULTS
AVERAGE OF SESSIONS VS. SUCCESS AT TERMINATION
7
6
(Student´s t-Test, p=0,49)
5 Mean 4,9
Sessions
1
0
Success at termination No successful
Source: First-Session Rating and Last-Session Rating Questionnaire
Slide 30
RESULTS
TYPE OF COMPLAINTS
Interpersonal
49% (34/70) Intrapersonal
51% (36/70)
1. Parent-child comunication problems
2. Couples 1. Mood problems
3. Adolescent behavior 2. Anxiety
4. Others family problems
3. Addictions
4. Eating disorders
Slide 31
RESULTS
COMPLAINTS AND SUCCESS AT TERMINATION
97%
(33/34)
Succesful at termination
100% 77%
(23/30)
80%
60%
40%
20%
(Fisher, p=0,02)*
0%
Intrapersonal Interpersonal
complaints complaints
Source: First-Session Rating Questionnaire
Slide 32
RESULTS
TYPE OF PROBLEM (SCPP) AND
SUCCESS AT TERMINATION
% Succesfull at termination
100
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% %
Slide 33
RESULTS
SUCCESSFUL AT TERMINATION ACCORDING
TO COMPLAINT AND THERAPY FORMAT
Individual
Conjoint
100% (15/15)
100% 95% (18/19)
Fisher; p=0,60 Conjoint
80% Individual 79% (19/24)
67% (4/6)
Percentage
60%
40%
20%
0%
Intrapersonal Interpersonal
Complaints
Source: First-Session Rating Questionnaire
Slide 34
RESULTS
DROPOUTS
(Unilateral Termination by the clients)
Dropouts
33% (23/70)
Continuers
67% (47/70)
Slide 35
RESULTS
DROPOUTS AND THERAPIST EXPERIENCE
50%
(Chi-square; p=0,34) 40% (Fisher; p=0,650) 40%
(10/25) (4/10)
40%
29%
% Dropouts
(13/45)
30% 23%
(3/13)
20%
10%
All dropouts Early dropouts*
0%
Experts Trainees Experts Trainees
80%
60%
40%
20%
(Fisher; p=1,00)
0%
Dropouts Continuers
Source: Last-Session Rating Questionnaire
Slide 37
RESULTS
DROPOUTS AND PROBLEM RESOLUTION DURING THE THERAPY
(Partially and Totally)
92%
100% 86% (43/47)
90% (19/22)
80%
70%
60%
% Solved
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
(Fisher; p=0,672)
0%
Dropouts Continuers
Source: Last-Session Rating and Follow-up Questionnaire
Slide 38
RESULTS
THERAPIST EXPERIENCE AND
SUCCESSFUL AT TERMINATION
88%
100% 83%
% Successful at termination
(38/43)
(19/23)
80%
60%
40%
20%
(Fisher; p=0,708)
0%
Experts Trainees
Slide 39
RESULTS
THERAPIST EXPERIENCE AND SUCCESS AT FOLLOW-UP
(Chi-square; p=0,28)
100%
% Success at Follow-up
72%
80% (28/39)
58%
60% (14/24)
40%
20%
0%
Experts Trainees
Source: First-Session Rating and Last-Session Rating Questionnaire
Slide 40
RESULTS
SUCCESS AT TERMINATION AND
SUCCESS AT FOLLOW-UP
Success at
follow-up Total
Yes No
34 16 50
Yes
Success at 68% 32% 100%
termination 3 4 7
No
43% 57% 100%
37 20 57
Total
65% 35% 100%
Chi-square, p = 0,226
Slide 41
RESULTS
Elements of the therapy that clients liked
or felt were useful in therapy
• Therapeutic relationship:
- To speak with someone that listens to you and
supports you and transmits kindness, resources,
confidence, tranquillity, patience, proximity,
optimism , etc
- Disposition, genuine interest and questions
about their feelings
- To go step by step
Slide 42
RESULTS
Elements of the therapy that clients liked
or felt were useful in therapy
• Technical:
- 5-4-3-2-1
- To write feelings & thinking, to express them
with drawings
- Curative letters
- Secrets: guess when other/s do…
- Externalization
- Toss a coin
- Alternative thoughts to the negative ones
- To face fear instead to avoid it
Slide 43
RESULTS
Elements of the therapy that clients liked
or felt were useful in therapy
• To visualize feared things
• “Little happiness”
• To count things
• To put the placard in room with objectives
• Relaxation techniques
• To write the good and the bad things, and to
keep the good memories in a box
• To count backwards
• Thinking chair
Slide 44
RESULTS
Useful or liked things for the clients
• Cognitive:
- Point of view of the therapist
- To cause to see the things otherwise
- To be accommodated to the position: to go to
step by step
- To remove labels, to normalize
Slide 45
RESULTS
Useful or liked things for the clients
• Psicoeducation:
• To locate the problem to try to do something
different
• To verbalize feelings to another
Slide 46
CONCLUSIONS
1. ? ? ? ? ?
2. ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
3. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Slide 47
CONCLUSIONS
1. Globally, it’s well known that the Solution Focus
Brief Therapy reaches the “minimum efficacy
permitted”.
Slide 48