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Super-Tall Structures

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SEOUL DMC LITE TOWER

Seoul, Korea, 2009
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
The structure for the 640m tall Digital Media City Tower is conceived as a highly ecient, easily constructed, repetitive, and robust combination of a rigid central core and perimeter megacolumns. The lateral wind load resisting system is comprised of interior reinforced concrete core walls coupled with reinforced concrete outrigger walls spanning between the core and four megacolumns on each of the broad faces of the tower and two megacolumns on the narrow faces. The outrigger walls are strategically located at each of the twostory mechanical oors and link the core to the exterior megacolumns in order to bring additional gravity loads to the perimeter while resisting uplift wind forces

GALLERIA PALACE IN CHAMSIL

Jamsil, Seoul, Korea, 2001
- Occupancy : Residential complex - Story : B5/46 F - Gross Area : 280,000 - Architects : HEERIM Architects + GROUP-3 - Contractors : HANWHA + SAMSUNG E&C Co., Ltd. - Structure : RC Core Wall(600mm) + Outrigger Girder(Depth. 1600mm) + Fin Wall(300mm) - Overseas Partner : Ove Arup

- Occupancy : Residences, Hotel, Oce, Business Center - Story : B9/133F (Highest: 640m) - Gross Area : 724,675 - Architects : SOM + Samoo Architects - Structure : Outrigger + Core

Reinforced concrete core wall system Reinforced concrete mega columns

Reinforced concrete outrigger walls at mechanical Floors

Structural Diagram

Structural Diagram

Stress of Outrigger and Core wall STRUCTURAL STIFFNESS & OCCUPANCY COMFORT
The Digital Media City Tower is a slender tower with residential occupancies in the upper portion of the building. Accelerations due to the motion of the building structure in the wind must be controlled to acceptable levels. To control the acceleration due to vortex shedding, the tower is designed with a varying prole which disturbs the formation of uniform vortices.

Eccentricity Connection of Outrigger and Core wall

Wind Load Deection H / 500

Varying prole disrupts the formation of uniform vortices

Mode 1 - Translation T = 8s

Mode 2 - Translation T = 7s

Mode 3 - Translation T = 2s

Section Shape

Gravity + Lateral Load ()

Gravity + Lateral Load ()

TOWER PALACE I

IAAN EXORDIUM
Ulsan, Kyoungnam, Korea, 2005
- Story : 4/53 - Gross Area : 126,903 - Architects : Kiahn - Structure : RC Core wall + Finwall 53 story apartment, and 4 story basement parking story. Thickness 700mm RC core wall and FinWall. 30m thick transfer plates of 5th oor are supporting the above story's bearing walls and acting as outrigger truss fot the horizontal forces.

Dogok, Seoul, Korea, 1998

- Occupancy : Residences - Story : 4/66 - Gross Area : 460,000 - Architects : Samoo Architects & Engineering - Contractors : SAMSUNG E&C Co., Ltd. - Structure : RC Core(650mm) + Steel outrigger truss

CORE WALL OUTRIGGER & BELT TRUSS

STEEL FRAME

Base plate

THE CITY 7

BUCHEN KUMHO RICHENSIA

Buchen, Korea, 2007
- Occupancy : Residential complex - Story : 7/66 - Gross Area : 178,500 - Architects : Haeahn - Contractors : Kumho E&C Co., Ltd. - Structure : RC Core wall + Fin Wall + Outrigger/Belt Wall

Changwon, Korea, 2004

- Occupancy : Residences - Story : 4/43 Gross Area : 427,548 - Architects : A Group - Structure : RC Core wall + Flat Plate 43 story ocetel and 5 story basement parking story. Thickness 700mm RC core wall and Flat Plate (THK. 250mm) resist lateral force. (Dual system)

PC + T.S.G + Column

: RC Core Wall + Fin Wall + Outrigger/Belt Wall

Concept of Transfer System
41F-65F Core Wall Thk.600 <Typical oor> Link Beam (depth.700) Core Wall (thk.1000) Finwall Fin wall (thk.600) 21F-40F Core Wall Thk.800

<Outrigger oor(35F)>

B6F-20F Core Wall Thk.1000

Outrigger Wall (thk.600)

Belt Wall (thk.500)

Beltwall opening concept View

ASAN CYCLONE TOWER

Asan, Korea, 2006
- Occupancy : Oce - Story : B7/51F - Gross Area : 522,456 - Architects : Kunwon Architects - Contractors : SK E&C Co.Ltd. - Structure : RC Core wall + Steel Diagrid System(Spiral Brace)

BUSAN TREPLE SQUARE

Haeundae, Busan, Korea, 2007
- Occupancy : Resort, Spa Facilities - Story : 117F(Highest:511m), 85F(396m) Two Tower, 58F Middle Tower - Gross Area : 584,911 - Architects : Beyond Space Group + BSD Architects - Structure : Triangle Core + Mega Flange Interaction of Iateral-force H-type bending members using web wall

Lateral Resisting Behavior

Corner Column Diagrid Column

Core thk.900

RC Core

Steel Girder

Core thk.1100

Node Design (considering Construction Sequence) System

1. in-place steel shop welding 2. lifting up by 1 piece 3. trial shop assembly of some of high strength bolts in-place welding 4. high strength bolts assembly 5. setting up perimeter girders

[Construction procedure of diagrid segments]

[Design Process]

Step1. High strength bolt at Diagrid Segment joint : KBC2005(LSD) Step2. Force ow between diagrid segmentandperimeter girder : designed by beam-column element to resist tensile force from upper inclined column. Step3. Diagrid column joint : analyzed precisely using FEM in Design Development step.

Inner View of Each Stability System

Member Plan

Alt 1. Outrigger & Belt Truss System

Alt 2. Diagrid System

GALLERIA FORET
Seoul, Korea, 2008
- Occupancy : Residential complex - Story : B7/45F - Gross Area : 170,841 - Architects : Haeahn + Songhyun Architects - Contractors : Hanhaw E&C Co., Ltd.

BUSAN METROPOLITAN CITY HALL

Busan, Korea, 1992
- Occupancy : City Hall - Story : 4/28 - Gross Area : 120,000 - Architects : ILSHIN Architects - Contractors : SAMSUNG E&C J.V - Structure : Steel frame

Frames

Plan

lower levels conduit design

Atrium designs

skib thk.200

Link Beam depth.700

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>
>

Perimeter Girder 1600X400

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Link Beam depth.650

TOP - DOWN Method

PRD(1000)

>
RC Core Wall thk. 1000~1300

Wind Tunnel Test

1 block 3 block

TUBE Sys. Concept