Kota Kinabalu

Kota Kinabalu
Kota Kinabalu

From top right clockwise: Tun Mustapha Tower, Wisma Tun Fuad Stephens, Wawasan Intersection, city center and 1Borneo.

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Nickname(s): "Nature Resort City", KK,

Location of Kota Kinabalu in Sabah

Kota Kinabalu

Kota Kinabalu is located in Malaysia

Coordinates: 55817N 1160543E
Country

Malaysia

State

Sabah

Division

West Coast

Settled by BNBC

1882

[1]

Coordinates: 55817N 1160543E [1]

Declared capital of North Borneo 1946

Granted city status

February 2, 2000

Government
Mayor

Abidin Madingkir

Director-General

Datuk Yeo Boon Hai

Area
City

351km2 (136sqmi)

Population (2012)
City

452,058

Density

1,463/km2 (3,790/sqmi)

Metro

628,725
Sourced from the Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2010. Kota Kinabalu metropolitan area
including Penampang population of 176,667.

Time zone

MST (UTC+8)

Postcode

88xxx; 89xxx

Area code(s)

0882

Website

www.dbkk.sabah.gov.my

[2]

Kota Kinabalu (pronounced [kota kinabalu]), formerly known as Jesselton, is the capital of the state of Sabah,
which is located in East Malaysia. It is also the capital of the West Coast Division of Sabah. The city is located along
the northwest coast of Borneo facing the South China Sea. The Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park lies on its west
and Mount Kinabalu, which gave the city its name, is located towards the east. Kota Kinabalu proper has a
population of 452,058, while the larger urban area, which includes the Penampang district, has an estimated
population of 628,725.
Kota Kinabalu is often known as KK within Malaysia and internationally. For the locals it is also known as Api-Api.
It is a major fishing destination and a popular gateway for travellers visiting Sabah and Borneo. Kinabalu National
Park is located about 90kilometres from the city and there are many tourist attractions in and around the city. Kota
Kinabalu is also one of the major industrial and commercial centres of East Malaysia. These two factors combine to
make Kota Kinabalu one of the fastest growing cities in Malaysia.

Kota Kinabalu

History
In the late 1800s, the British North Borneo Company (BNBC) began to
establish colonies throughout North Borneo. In 1882, BNBC founded a
small settlement in the area known as Gaya Bay, which was already
inhabited by Bajau people. The first settlement was on Gaya Island. In
1897, this first settlement was burned and destroyed by the indigenous
Bajau freedom fighter Mat Salleh.

Board of directors of BNBC, Sir Charles Jessel

can be seen on the left.

After the destruction, BNBC decided to relocate the settlement to the

more easily defended mainland at Gantian Bay (now Sepanggar Bay)
in 1898. However that location was found to be unsuitable and in July
1899, Mr. Henry Walker, a Land Commissioner, identified a 30 acres
(12ha) site opposite Gaya Island as a replacement for Gantian. This
fishing village named Api-Api (see Original names below) was chosen
due to its proximity to the North Borneo Railway and its natural port
that provided good anchorage, which was up to 24 feet deep. By the
end of 1899, construction had started on shoplots, a pier and
government buildings. This new administrative centre was renamed
Jesselton after Sir Charles Jessel, who was the then Vice Chairman of
BNBC.
Eventually, Jesselton became a major trading post of North Borneo,
dealing in rubber, rattan, honey, and wax. The North Borneo Railway
was used to transport goods to the Jesselton harbour. The Malay and
Bajau uprisings during those times were not uncommon, and BNBC
worked to quell the long-standing threat of piracy in the region.

Bomb damage at the town of Jesselton during

World War II, this was part of the Borneo
Campaign by Allied forces during 1945.

10 September 1945.

Sir Charles Jessel, Vice Chairman of the BNBC

after which Jesselton (now Kota Kinabalu) was
named.

Jesselton suffered a large destruction when it was razed by the British

to retreated from the Japanese and suffered more destruction when the
Allies bombed it in 1945. After the Japanese takeover of Borneo, it
was again renamed Api. Several rebellions against the Japanese
military administration took place in Api. One major rebellion
occurred in 10 October 1943 by a group called Kinabalu Guerrillas,
consisting of local inhabitants. Japanese forces quelled the rebellion
after its leader, Albert Kwok, was arrested and executed in 1944. At
the later stages of the war, what remained of the town was destroyed
again by Allied bombings day and night for over six months as part of
the Borneo Campaign in 1945, leaving only three buildings standing.
The war in North Borneo ended with the official surrender of the
Japanese 37th Army by Lieutenant General Baba Masao in Labuan on

Kota Kinabalu

After the war on the edge of bankruptcy, the British North Borneo Company returned to administer Jesselton but was
unable to finance the huge costs of reconstruction. They gave control of North Borneo to the British Crown on 15
July 1946. The new colonial government elected to rebuild Jesselton as the capital of North Borneo instead of
Sandakan, which had also been destroyed by the war. The Crown Colony administration designed a plan, later
known as the Colonial Office Reconstruction and Development Plan for North Borneo: 1948-1955, to rebuild
North Borneo. This plan provided 6,051,939 for the rebuilding of infrastructure in North Borneo.
When North Borneo together with Sarawak, Singapore and the Federation of Malaya formed the Federation of
Malaysia in 1963, it became known as Sabah, and Jesselton remained its capital. On 22 December 1967, State
Legislative Assembly under Chief Minister Tun Mustapha bin Datu Harun passed a bill renaming Jesselton to Kota
Kinabalu. The city was upgraded to city status on 2 February 2000.

Etymology
Kota Kinabalu is named after Mount Kinabalu, which is situated about
50kilometres east-northeast of the city. Kinabalu is derived from the
name Aki Nabalu meaning the "revered place of the dead." Aki means
"ancestors" or "grandfather", and Nabalu is a name for the mountain in
the Dusun language. There is also a source claiming that the term
originated from Ki Nabalu, where Ki meaning "have" or "exist", and
Nabalu meaning "spirit of the dead".
"Kina Balu from Pinokok Valley" lithograph
published in 1862.

Kota is a Malay word for a "fort", "town", or a "city". It is also used

formally in a few other Malaysian towns and cities, for example, Kota
Bahru, Kota Tinggi, and Kota Kemuning. It can also be used
informally to refer to any towns or cities. Hence, a direct translation of the name Kota Kinabalu into English would
be "City of Kinabalu" or "Kinabalu City".
Wendy Law Suart wrote in her book on North Borneo, The Lingering Eye, "there is in the Sabah State Museum a
Dutch map of Borneo and the Celebes dated 1657 in which the settlement where Jesselton was to stand is clearly
labelled Api Api. It may have some connection with the seaside tree with breathing roots that bears the same
name."[3] In Chinese, the city is known as 'Api', which is the Hakka pronunciation for (Simplified Chinese;
Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: y b ).

Original names
Besides Jesselton, there have been a number of other theories regarding the origins of the original name for Kota
Kinabalu. The most popular, as mentioned above, is Api-Api, or simply Api, which is a Malay word meaning 'Fire'.
There are claims, however, that Kota Kinabalu was actually named after a nearby river called Sungai Api-Api.
Besides Api-Api, another suggested historical name is Deasoka, which roughly means "below the coconut tree" in
the Bajau language. The Bajau locals purportedly used this name to refer to a village in the southern part of the city
which was filled with coconut trees. Another name was Singgah Mata which literally means "transit eye", but can be
loosely translated as "pleasing to the eye". It is a name purportedly given by fishermen from Pulau Gaya referring to
the strip of land which today is downtown Kota Kinabalu. Today, all these names have been immortalised as names
of streets or buildings around the city. Some examples are Lintasan Deasoka, Api-Api Centre and Jalan Singgah
Mata.

Kota Kinabalu

Capital city
Being the capital city of Sabah, Kota Kinabalu plays an
important role in the political and economic welfare of
the population of the entire state. It is the seat of the
state government where almost all of their ministries
and agencies are based. Most of the Malaysian federal
government agencies and departments are also located
in Kota Kinabalu. The Sabah State Legislative
Assembly is located at the nearby Likas Bay. There are
four Members of Parliament (MPs) representing the
four parliamentary constituencies in the city: Sepanggar
(P.171), Kota Kinabalu (P.172), Putatan (P.173), and
Penampang (P.174). The city also elects 9
representatives to the state legislature from the state
assembly districts of Karambunai, Inanam, Likas,
Api-Api, Luyang, Tanjung Aru, Petagas, Kepayan, and
Moyog.

Location of Kota Kinabalu district and the city within the West Coast
Division of Sabah.

A rough map of Kota Kinabalu city and urban area. Blue lines
indicate main roads, grey lines indicate railway lines, and pink dotted
lines indicate district boundaries.

Kota Kinabalu

Local authority and city definition

The city is administered by the Kota Kinabalu City Hall (Dewan
Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu). The current mayor of Kota Kinabalu is
Abidin Madingkir, who took over from Datuk Iliyas Ibrahim on
February 2, 2011. Datuk Iliyas in turn became the second mayor of the
city after taking over from Datuk Abdul Ghani Rashid in 2006. The
city obtained city status on February 2, 2000, and prior to this it was
administered by Majlis Perbandaran Kota Kinabalu (Kota Kinabalu
Municipal Council/Kota Kinabalu Town Hall).
Kota Kinabalu City Hall.

View over the southern city central business

district, on the front a building that is still under
construction.

The city is defined within the borders of what is the district, formerly
the municipality, of Kota Kinabalu. With an area of 351 square
kilometres, it is the smallest but the most populous district in Sabah. It
encompasses Tanjung Aru and Kepayan in the south, up to Telipok and
Sepanggar in the north. The urban expanse of the city however extends
into the district of Penampang on the south of the city border, which
includes the towns of Donggongon and Putatan. The combined area of
Kota Kinabalu (district) and the contiguous built up areas in
Penampang and Putatan is known as Greater Kota Kinabalu. The
district of Penampang has an area of 466 square kilometres, and is
administered by Majlis Daerah Penampang (Penampang District
Council).

On one end of the scale, Kota Kinabalu may sometimes only refer to, especially by local inhabitants, the city centre
or central business district near the sea facing Pulau Gaya. On the other end of the scale, it may also refer to the
metropolitan area which includes urban Kota Kinabalu (Greater Kota Kinabalu), and the surrounding towns of Papar
and Kinarut in the south, and Tuaran and Tamparuli in the north, being within its zone of influence.

Geography
Kota Kinabalu is located on the west coast of Sabah. The city lies on a
narrow flatland between the Crocker Range to the east and the South
China Sea to the west. There are six islands off the coast of the city.
The largest is Gaya Island, the site of the first British settlement.
Approximately 8,000 people live there. The smaller islands, mainly
uninhabited, are named Sapi Island, Manukan Island, Sulug Island,
Mamutik Island and Sepanggar Island to the north.[4] Sepanggar island
is located north of the National Park opposite Sepanggar Bay.
View of Likas Bay at dawn. On the far right is
Mount Kinabalu.

Kota Kinabalu

Flat land is at a premium in the city centre, and there is a strict limit to
the height of buildings: the airport is 7km (4mi) away, and the city is
directly in the flight path. Most of the Central Business District (CBD)
today is built on land reclaimed from the sea. The original local plant
life has largely disappeared, but several hills within the city (too steep
for building) are still clothed with tropical rainforest. One of these is
Signal Hill, which confines the CBD to the shore. In the area of Likas
Bay, the remnants of an extensive mangrove forest was nearly lost.[5]
Sunset over Kota Kinabalu in the evening.
In 1996, a perceptive state government stepped in and declared 24
2
acres (97,000m ) of the forest as a protected area. This forest is now
known as the Kota Kinabalu City Bird Sanctuary. The sanctuary was given additional protection as a State Cultural
Heritage Site in 1998.
The five islands (of Gaya, Sapi, Manukan, Sulug, Mamutik) opposite
the city, and their surrounding waters, are also preserved as the Tunku
Abdul Rahman National Park. The park was named in honour of the
first Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman. The park is a
popular recreational spot for tourists and local people. The Kota
Kinabalu city centre, consisting of mostly businesses and the
government, includes Karamunsing, the port area (Tanjung Lipat),
Signal Hill, Kampung Air, Sinsuran, Segama, Asia City, Gaya Street
(Old Town), Bandaran Berjaya, Api-Api, Sutera Harbour and
Moro dwellings off the coast of Gaya Island.
Sembulan. Outlying neighbourhoods and residential suburbs include
Kepayan Ridge, Tanjung Aru, Petagas, Kepayan, Lido, Lintas,
Nosoob, Bukit Padang, Luyang, Damai, Likas and Kolombong. The city is growing steadily and the urban sprawl
extends to the towns of Inanam, Menggatal, Sepanggar, Telipok and south of the district border to Penampang,
Putatan, and Lok Kawi.
Kota Kinabalu is generally isolated from the rest of the country; it is located about 1,624 kilometres (1,009mi) from
Kuala Lumpur in Peninsular Malaysia[6] and 804 kilometres (500mi) from Kuching in the neighbouring state of
Sarawak.[7]

Climate
As part of Sabah area, Kota Kinabalu features a typical equatorial
climate with constant temperature, considerable amount of rain and
high humidity. Two prevailing monsoons characterize the climate of
this part of Sabah are the Northeast Monsoon and the Southwest
Monsoon. The Northeast Monsoon occurs between November and
March, while the Southwest Monsoon occurs between May and
September. There are also two successive inter-monsoons from April
to May and from September to October.
Coconut trees on the roadside, tropical rainforest

During the 1995-2004 period, Kota Kinabalu's average temperature

climate in Kota Kinabalu.
ranges from 26C to 28C. April and May are the hottest months, while
January is the coolest one. The average annual rainfall is around 2,400 millimetres and varies markedly throughout
the year. February and March are typically the driest months while rainfall peaks in the inter-monsoon period in
October.[8] The wind speed ranges from 5.5 to 7.9 m/s during the Northeast Monsoon but is significantly lower to
0.3 to 3.3 m/s during the Southwest Monsoon.[9]

Kota Kinabalu

Climate data for Kota Kinabalu Precipitation In 2013 (Mean Rainfall : 2009-2012)
Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

Average
high C
(F)

29
(84)

29
(84)

30
(86)

31
(87)

31
(87)

31
(87)

30
(86)

30
(86)

30
(86)

30
(86)

30
(86)

30
(86)

30.1
(85.9)

Average
low C (F)

22
(71)

22
(71)

23
(73)

23
(73)

23
(73)

23
(73)

23
(73)

23
(73)

23
(73)

23
(73)

23
(73)

23
(73)

22.8
(72.7)

0
(0)

0
(0)

2,384.5
(93.878)

Precipitation 169
(6.65)
mm
(inches)
Rainfall
mm
(inches)

74.4
53
192.3
351.2
149.4
334.4
231.6
325.4
503.8
(2.929) (2.09) (7.571) (13.827) (5.882) (13.165) (9.118) (12.811) (19.835)

278.8
120.7 136.9 167.4
(10.976) (4.752) (5.39) (6.591)

192.9
(7.594)

311.9
319.3
234.9
294.4
(12.28) (12.571) (9.248) (11.591)

252.2
(9.929)

328.8
216.9
2,855.1
(12.945) (8.539) (112.406)

Source: Weatherbase

Climate data for Kota Kinabalu Precipitation In 2012

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

66.8
40.4
216.6
197.8
221.2
494
100
329.4
307
414.6
128.8
2,601.2
Precipitation 84.6
(3.331)
(2.63)
(1.591)
(8.528)
(7.787)
(8.709)
(19.45)
(3.94)
(12.969)
(12.09)
(16.323)
(5.071)
(102.419)
mm (inches)
Source: Weatherbase

Climate data for Kota Kinabalu Precipitation In 2011

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

188.6
285.6
206.2
84.2
346
166.4
153.2
248.2
213.6
332.8
123.8 2,743.8
Precipitation 395.2
(15.559) (7.425) (11.244) (8.118) (3.315) (13.62) (6.551) (6.031) (9.772) (8.409) (13.102) (4.874) (108.02)
mm
(inches)
Source: Weatherbase

Climate data for Kota Kinabalu Precipitation In 2010

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

0.4
25.2
157
343
593.6
403.2
232.8
386.8
225
376
447.6
3,401.2
Precipitation 210.6
mm (inches) (8.291) (0.016) (0.992) (6.18) (13.5) (23.37) (15.874) (9.165) (15.228) (8.86) (14.8) (17.622) (133.898)
Source: Weatherbase

Climate data for Kota Kinabalu Precipitation In 2009

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

227.2
196.4
89.8
146.8
86.6
213.4
453.4
213.2
263
191.8
167.6
2,674
Precipitation 424.8
mm (inches) (16.724) (8.945) (7.732) (3.535) (5.78) (3.409) (8.402) (17.85) (8.394) (10.35) (7.551) (6.598) (105.27)
Source: Weatherbase

Kota Kinabalu

Demography
There have not been any official or popular adjectives, or demonyms, to describe the people of Kota Kinabalu. A
simple way to describe the people of the city can be "orang KK", where orang means "person" or "people" in Malay.
The terms "K.K-ites" and "K.K-ians" have also been used to a limited extent. People from Sabah are called
Sabahans.

Ethnicity and religion

The Malaysian Census 2010 Report indicates that Kota Kinabalu has a
population of 452,058. The city's population today is a mixture of
many different races and ethnicities. Non-Malaysian citizens form the
majority of the city population with 110,556 people followed by
Chinese (93,429), Bajau (72,931), Kadazandusun (69,993), other
Bumiputras (59,607), Bruneian Malays (35,835), Murut (2,528), Indian
(2,207) and others (5,482). The Chinese are mostly Hakkas and can be
found mainly in the Luyang area. The area of Penampang is populated
Sacred Heart Cathedral.
mainly by Kadazans, while the Bajaus mainly reside in Likas,
Sembulan and Karambunai. The Brunei Malays and Bajaus are Muslims. The Kadazans here mainly practice
Christianity, whilst the Chinese are mainly Buddhists or Christians. There are a small number of Hindus, Sikhs,
Animists, and a small number of secularists also exist.
There is also a sizeable Filipino population in the city. The first wave
of migrants arrived in the late 15th century during the Spanish
colonisation, while some are refugees arriving in the early 1970s
because of the troubles in southern Philippines. A significant number
of them today, however, consist of migrant workers arriving from the
late 1970s onwards. Most of the earlier migrants have been naturalised
as Malaysian citizens, however there are still some living without
City Mosque.
proper documentation in the city as illegal immigrants. Most of the
Filipino migrants are Suluks coming from the southern parts of
Philippines. The city also is a home to immigrants from Indonesia.

Kota Kinabalu

10

There is a small population of Indians, Pakistanis and Eurasians

scattered around the city. More recently, the number of expatriates
living in the city, whether temporarily or permanently, have also
increased. Most of them come from South Korea, Japan, Australia, and
Europe.
Interracial marriages are not uncommon and Kadazan-Chinese
intermarriages are particularly common. The mixed race offspring of
Kadazan and Chinese are referred to as Sino-Kadazans or simply
"Sinos".

Languages
The people of Kota Kinabalu mainly speak Malay, with a distinct
Sabahan creole. However, as almost 50% of Kota Kinabalu residents
are of Chinese descent, Huyng Hakka dialect (Simplified Chinese:
; Traditional Chinese: ) and
Mandarin are mainly spoken by the Chinese. Additionally, most
Chinese are also able to speak the Cantonese dialect, although with
widely varying levels of fluency. Almost all residents are also able to
speak English, especially the younger generation. However, some find
Che Sui Khor Pagoda.
it difficult to speak fluently due to a limited vocabulary and the general
lack of usage of the English language as a conversational lingua franca among Sabahans as a whole.
The number of Bahasa Kadazandusun speakers is thought to have dropped significantly throughout Sabah, especially
in larger towns or cities like Kota Kinabalu. However, some effort has been taken by some to revive the usage of the
language. Kadazan has been considered an endangered language, along with the culture of ethnic Kadazans.

Economy

An oil terminal at Sepanggar Bay operated by

Petronas.

Besides being the capital city, Kota Kinabalu is also the main industrial
and commercial centre for Sabah. The economy is dominated by the
primary sector of industry. Historically, the secondary sector
dominated the economy, but due to rapid urbanisation and economic
development, this sector of the economy is slowly diminishing. More
recently, a move towards a more tertiary-based industry has become
more apparent, especially with regards to the boom in the tourism
industry. Many state-level, national-level and international commercial
banks, as well as some insurance companies have their headquarters or
branches here.

The overseas Chinese population also contributes to the development of KK since their immigration in the late 19th
century. Their original role involved 'coolie' (slavery work) and today many Chinese work as shopowners.

Kota Kinabalu

11

A number of industrial and manufacturing companies also have plants

here, especially in the industrial districts of Likas, Kolombong, and
Inanam. The ongoing construction of the 8,320-acre (33.7km2) Kota
Kinabalu Industrial Park (KKIP) in Sepanggar is intended to boost the
city's industrial and commercial activity, making it a major growth
centre in East Malaysia, as well for the BIMP-EAGA
(Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area)
region. Kota Kinabalu also hosts numerous national, regional, and
A cement plant at Sepanggar Bay.
international conferences or trade fairs every year, including the
biennial Sabah International Expo, the Asia Pacific eTourism
Conference by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the ASEAN Australian
Engineering Congress, and many others. These events are normally held at the Sutera Harbour resort.

Transportation
Land
The internal roads linking different parts of the city are generally state
roads constructed and maintained by the state's Public Works
Department. Most major internal roads are dual-carriageways. One of
the major roads here is Jalan Lintas-Jalan Tuaran Bypass, which
together serves almost as a ring road, circling the city and connecting
the districts and suburbs surrounding the city, namely Putatan,
Penampang, Luyang, Likas, Inanam, Menggatal, Sepanggar, and
Tuaran. There are currently no freeways in the city nor in any part of
Sabah. The city is linked by highways to distant towns in Sabah, and
these are mainly federal roads maintained by the national Public Works
Department. Highway routes from Kota Kinabalu include:

The city highway.

Kota Kinabalu - Tamparuli - Kudat - Kota Marudu

Kota Kinabalu - Tamparuli - Ranau - Sandakan - Tawau - Serudong (part of the Pan Borneo Highway)
Kota Kinabalu - Keningau - Lawas - Brunei - Miri - Kuching - Sematan (part of the Pan Borneo Highway)
Kota Kinabalu - Keningau - Kalabakan - Tawau
Public transportation
Regular bus services operate in the city. Minibuses or vans are also
used besides buses as an alternative mode of public transport. There
are two main bus terminals in the central business area. The terminal
along Jalan Tun Razak provide bus services towards different parts of
the city and its outskirts. Another terminal near Bandaran Berjaya
provides intercity services towards destinations south of the city
(Papar, Tenom, Beaufort, and others). The North Kota Kinabalu Bus
Terminal in Inanam provides intercity buses heading towards
destinations north and north-east of the city (Tuaran, Kudat, Ranau,
Sandakan, Tawau, Semporna, and others). Taxis can also be found in
the city.

The City Bus Terminal (North) in Inanam serves

long-distance buses towards the north and east of
Sabah.

Kota Kinabalu

12

A railway system formerly known as the North Borneo Railway was

established in 1896 by the British North Borneo Company. It was built
for the main purpose of transporting commodities from the interior
division to the port in Kota Kinabalu during the British occupation.
The railway line connects Kota Kinabalu to Tenom and several other
towns in between, and it is the only railway system operating in East
Malaysia. Today, the railway is known as the Sabah State Railway, and
it provides daily services for commuters, travellers, as well as for cargo
transportation. A separate company operates the leisure tour also called
the North Borneo Railway, which caters mainly for tourists. The train
station and terminal is located in Tanjung Aru.

Passenger seat on a train in Tanjung Aru station.

Air
Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA) (ICAO Code : WBKK) provides flights linking the city to other
domestic and international destinations. It is a secondary hub for Malaysia Airlines and AirAsia and it consists of
two terminals. It is the second busiest airport in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur International Airport and is one of the
main gateways into Sabah and East Malaysia. Some destinations include : Bandar Seri Begawan, Shenzhen, Seoul,
Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macau, Manila, Cebu, Singapore, Taipei, Kaohsiung, and other cities, both
within and outside Malaysia. It is also a secondary hub for MASWings, which serves flights to smaller towns and
rural areas in East Malaysia.

Kota Kinabalu International Airport seen from outside

Sea
Kota Kinabalu has two ports: Kota Kinabalu Port and Sepanggar Bay
Container Port (SBCP). Kota Kinabalu Port mainly handles loose/bulk
cargo, while SBCP operates as a naval base for the Royal Malaysian
Navy, is an oil depot and handles containerised cargo. In 2004, Kota
Kinabalu Port handled about 3.6million tonnes of freight cargo, the
third highest in the state after Sandakan Port and Tawau Port. It
however handles the most number of containers in the state, with
153,793twenty-foot equivalent units(TEU) of containers handled in
2006. Sepanggar Bay Port will have the capacity to handle
200,000TEU annually when its container terminal is completed. All
ports in Sabah are managed and operated by Sabah Ports Sdn Bhd.

A ferry from Labuan at Kota Kinabalu Ferry

Terminal.

Kota Kinabalu

13

Kota Kinabalu Ferry Service is a passenger ferry terminal located at Jesselton Point near the KK port. It provides
ferry and motorboat services to the nearby islands for tourists as well as for commuters living on the islands. There
are also regular scheduled ferry services to Labuan.

Other utilities
Courts of law and legal enforcement
The current court complex is located along Jalan Tugu. It contains the
High Court, Sessions Court, and the Magistrate Court.
The Sabah Police Contingent Headquarters is located in Kepayan.
There are two district headquarters in the city, the Kota Kinabalu
District police headquarters located in Karamunsing, and the
Penampang District headquarters. Both also operate as police stations.
Other police stations are found in KKIA, Tanjung Aru, Putatan, and
Menggatal. Police substations (Pondok Polis) are found in Luyang,
Likas, Telipok and Babagon. The city's traffic police headquarters is
located along Lorong Dewan near Gaya Street, and the marine police
headquarters is located near the city ferry terminal along Jalan Tun Razak.

The city high court.

Kota Kinabalu Central Prison is located in Kepayan. Temporary lock-ups or prison cells are found in most police
stations around the city.

Healthcare
There are three public hospitals and one public health clinic in Kota
Kinabalu. Queen Elizabeth General Hospital, which is located along
Jalan Penampang, is the largest public hospital in the state with 589
beds. Built in 1957, it is the most important healthcare centre in the
city and one of three general hospitals in Sabah. Another hospital is
Hospital Pakar Likas (Likas Specialist Hospital). Hospital Mesra Bukit
Padang (Bukit Padang Mental Hospital), which opened in 1971,
provides psychiatric services for the entire state. The health clinic,
Klinik Kesihatan Luyang, is located about 6kilometres from the city
centre.

Queen Elizabeth Hospital.

Sabah Medical Centre in Luyang is the largest private hospital with (134 beds) in Sabah. In addition, two other large
private health facilities are Damai Specialist Center with (56 beds) and Rafflesia Medical Center with (14 beds).

Kota Kinabalu

14

Education
There are many government or state schools in and around the city.
Among the well-established and prestigious boarding schools in Sabah
is Sekolah Menengah Sains Sabah, formally known as Sekolah
Berasrama Penuh Sabah (SBPS), which is located at Bukit Padang.
Other secondary schools are Sekolah Menengah La Salle, Sekolah
Menengah Shan Tao, Sekolah Menengah Taman Tun Fuad, Sekolah
Menengah Likas, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Perempuan Likas,
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St. Francis Convent, Sekolah
Kota Kinabalu Polytechnic.
Menengah All Saints, Sekolah Menengah Stella Maris, Sekolah
Menengah Saint Michael, Maktab Sabah, KK High School and
Sekolah Menengah Lok Yuk. There are also a number of independent private schools in the city. Among them are
Sabah Tshung Tsin Secondary School, Kian Kok Middle School, Maktab Nasional and Seri Insan Secondary School.
Classes usually begin at 7am and end at 1pm except for boarding schools, in which classes begins as early as 6.30am
and end at 2pm. Children aged 7 must attend primary education, which consists of six years of learning, while those
aged 13 can pursue their studies in lower secondary education for three years. After completing their Lower
Secondary Examination, students enter Upper Secondary education, where they will be streamed into either the
Science stream or the Arts stream based on their examination results. Students who choose to study at boarding
schools will be placed into the Science stream. Currently, there are four boarding schools in Sabah.
There are two international schools teaching the British Curriculum.
Sayfol International School Sabah teaches from kindergarten to the
GCE 'A' Levels, which is taken at age 18 (pre-university). Sayfol
International School is the sister school of the established and highly
successful Sayfol International School in Kuala Lumpur. Kinabalu
International School (KIS) is part of the Federation of British
International Schools in South and East Asia (FOBISSEA). Both
English medium schools are located in Bukit Padang. Another
international school is the Kinabalu Japanese School, one of four
Japanese schools in Malaysia. It caters to children's of Japanese
expatriates working and living around the city.

UMS Chancellory Building.

Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), founded in 1994, is the largest university in Sabah. Its main campus is located on
a 999-acre (4.04km2) piece of land, on a hill facing the South China Sea at Sepanggar Bay, about 10kilometres
north of the city centre. It also has a branch campus in Labuan. It is considered as one of the most beautiful
universities in Malaysia. The oldest university in Sabah is Universiti Teknologi MARA Sabah which was
co-founded by UiTM and Yayasan Sabah in 1973. The university has been certified by the Kota Kinabalu City Hall
as a litter-free university. There are also a number of private colleges and one polytechnic operating in the city,
which are Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, AlmaCrest International College, INTI College, Kinabalu Commercial
College, Informatics College and Kota Kinabalu Polytechnic. The established Public College Tunku Abdul Rahman
is located in the Donggongon area. Many affluent residents send their children overseas to pursue either secondary or
tertiary education.
Libraries:
The Sabah State Library Headquarters is located off Jalan Penampang and is the largest library in the state. Other
public libraries include the Kota Kinabalu City (Regional) Library, Penampang Branch Library and Menggatal
Village Library. These libraries are operated by the Sabah State Library department. Other libraries or private
libraries can be found in schools, colleges, or universities.

Kota Kinabalu

15

Culture and leisure

Attractions and recreation spots
Cultural
There are a number of cultural venues in Kota Kinabalu. The Sabah
State Museum, situated near the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, is the main
museum of Sabah. In the vicinity of the museum are the Science and
Technology Centre, Sabah Art Gallery, and the Ethno Botanic
Gardens. Wisma Budaya Art Gallery in the city centre hosts some
national as well as regional art exhibitions. The Hongkod Koisaan
building in Penampang is home to the Kadazan-Dusun Cultural
Association (KDCA). It hosts the annual Kaamatan or Harvest Festival
and the Unduk Ngadau beauty contest, which is held concurrently, in
March. Monsopiad Cultural Village (Kampung Monsopiad) features
cultural shows related to the Kadazan-Dusun culture. It is named after
the legendary Kadazan-Dusun headhunting warrior, Monsopiad.

Sabah State Museum, the main museum of

Sabah.

Historical
The Padang Merdeka or Town Field is the site where the declaration of
Sabah's independence and formation of Malaysia took place. The
declaration was announced by Sabah's first Chief Minister, Tun Fuad
Stephens, on September 16, 1963, also known as Malaysia Day. Today
the site hosts the annual City Day celebration on February 2, Merdeka
Day celebration on August 31, and a number of other celebrations and
functions.
The Atkinson Clock Tower near Bandaran Berjaya was built by Mary
Edith Atkinson in 1905 in memory of her son, Francis George
Atkinson.[10] It was formerly used as a navigation aid for ships. It is
only one of three pre-World War II buildings to survive the war. The
Petagas War Memorial, located near KKIA, is a reminder of those who
died when they went against the Japanese forces during World War II.
It is situated at the place where the Kinabalu Guerillas were killed by
the Japanese army in 1944. The Double Six Monument, located in
Sembulan, is also a memorial to remember Sabah's first Chief Minister
and six other state ministers who died on a plane crash known as the
Double Six Tragedy on 6 June 1976.

Atkinson Clock Tower, one of the historical

landmarks in the city.

Kota Kinabalu
Leisure and conservation areas
There are many leisure spots and conserved areas in and around
Kota Kinabalu. Anjung Samudra (KK Waterfront) is a waterfront
entertainment spot in the city centre which features restaurants,
cafes, pubs, and a nightclub. The Royal Sabah Turf Club in
Tanjung Aru hosts weekly horse racing events but has since closed
and moved to Tambalang Race Course in Tuaran due to the
expansion of Kota Kinabalu International Airport. The North
Borneo Railway, which begins its journey from Tanjung Aru
station, offers a scenic tour of the countryside in the West Coast
The boardwalk in Kota Kinabalu at dusk.
Division and the Interior Division. The railway journey ends in the
town of Tenom. Sutera Harbour Golf & Country Club near the city
centre was built on reclaimed land. It features a golf and country club, a marina, and two hotels.
Tanjung Aru, located about 6kilometres from the city centre, is one of the beaches along the West Coast. Its name
was derived from the casuarina trees (locally called Aru trees) that grow on the shoreline. The beach is over
2kilometres in length and is complemented with a number food and drink stalls, restaurants, and night entertainment
clubs. In the vicinity of Tanjung Aru lies the Kinabalu Golf Club, Prince Philip Botanical Park, KK Yacht Club, and
Shangri-La's Tanjung Aru Beach Resort. This beach is famous for its sunset.
Located within the Likas Bay area is the Kota Kinabalu City Bird
Sanctuary. With an area of 24 acres (97,000m2), it is the only
remaining patch of mangrove forest that once existed extensively along
the coastal region of Kota Kinabalu. It was conserved in September
1996 by the State Government to assist and foster a better
understanding and awareness of the value of wetlands. The Sabah
Zoological and Botanical Park (Lok Kawi Wildlife Park) in Lok Kawi,
about 20kilometres south of the city, is the first zoo in Sabah. Set on a
280-acre (1.1km2) piece of land, it is arguably the largest zoo in
Sunset at Tanjung Aru beach. Sulug Island can be
Malaysia. The Green Connection aquarium just outside the centre of
seen on the left and Manukan Island on the right
KK showcases the fish, coral and reptile biodiversity of Sabah, with
of the horizon.
exhibits on many of the aquatic ecosystems of Sabah. At the Green
Connection aquarium, there are 5 of the top 10 wildlife icons of Borneo like sharks, rays, coral, fish and snakes.
Tun Fuad Stephens Park, located in Bukit Padang, is a popular jogging and hiking spot among locals. It is
surrounded by forests and also features a man-made lake. It has a few food stalls and restaurants. Tunku Abdul
Rahman Park is a National Park consisting of the islands of Sapi, Mamutik, Manukan, Sulug and Gaya. It is a
popular spot for snorkelling. The park is about a 15 to 30minutes boat ride away from the city ferry terminal.
Babagon River in Penampang and Kiansom Falls near Inanam are also popular places for picnics and leisure bathing.
Outside the city, Crocker Range National Park, located about 70kilometres away from the city near Keningau, is a
popular spot for jungle trekking and camping. Kota Kinabalu is also the gateway to one of the most popular national
parks in Malaysia, Kinabalu National Park. The park is a two-hour drive away from the city and Mount Kinabalu,
which is the 10th highest peak in South-East Asia and the highest in Malaysia, is located there. The Rafflesia Forest
Reserve near Tambunan, which is 30kilometres away from Kota Kinabalu, is also within the Crocker Range
National Park boundary. The world's largest flower species, the Rafflesia, can be found there. The Gunung Emas
Highland Resort, which is nearby, is another spot famous for its scenery and cool climate. The Tuaran Crocodile
Farm, about 30kilometres north of the city, has around 1400 crocodiles in its enclosure, making it the largest of its
kind in Sabah.

16

Kota Kinabalu

17

Other sights
The Tun Mustapha Tower (formerly Sabah Foundation Building) is
about a 10-minute drive from the city centre. This 30-storey glass
building is supported by high-tensile steel rods, one of only three
buildings in the world that is built using this method.
Other buildings and sites in the city are the stilt villages found in the
areas of Sembulan, Tanjung Aru, Kampung Likas, and Kampung
Pondo in Pulau Gaya. These houses are built on shallow coastal waters
and are homes for the Bajau and Suluk inhabitants.

The Sabah State Mosque, one of the other sights

in the city.

The Sabah State Mosque in Sembulan is the main mosque in the city. The City Mosque on Likas Bay is another
significant landmark in the city.
The Signal Hill Observatory near the CBD offers a scenic view of the city centre, the islands, and the sea.
Shopping
Kota Kinabalu also features a number of shopping malls. These include
Kompleks Karamunsing, Centre Point, Wisma Merdeka, Warisan
Square, Plaza Wawasan, Kompleks Asia City, City Mall, KK Plaza,
Suria Sabah and 1Borneo, which is the largest hypermall in Kota
Kinabalu. Newly constructed malls in Kota Kinabalu include the Suria
Sabah Shopping Mall, which currently holds GSC Kota Kinabalu, and
Megalong Shopping Mall, which is situated in the district of
Penampang. Karamunsing, where Kompleks Karamunsing is situated,
Suria Sabah during the 2013 Chinese New Year
is an area that has more computer shops per capita than anywhere else
celebrations, this is also one of the shopping
in Sabah. The weekly Gaya Street Sunday Market features a gathering
malls in the city.
of local hawkers selling a wide range of items from traditional ethnic
cultural souvenirs to pets and flowers. The Kota Kinabalu Handicraft
Market (formerly known as the Filipino Market) features vendors selling traditional handicrafts, souvenirs and
foodstuffs.
Entertainment
There are four cinemas in Kota Kinabalu: 2 Golden Screen Cinemas
(commonly known as GSC), Growball Cineplex and Megalong
Cineplex. One of the GSC cinemas is located at Suria Sabah Shopping
Mall, while the other is located at 1Borneo. Both GSC cinemas hold
eight cinema halls each. 1Borneo HyperMall and Sutera Harbour
Marina have bowling alleys and pool tables.
Golden Screen Cinemas which is located at Suria
Sabah Shopping Mall.

Kota Kinabalu

18

Sports

Likas Stadium, the home stadium for Sabah FA.

The Likas Sports Complex in Kota Kinabalu provides various sporting

and recreational facilities for public use. It has, among others, a
20,000-seater football (soccer) stadium, badminton, tennis, and squash
courts, a gymnasium, an Olympic size swimming pool, a driving range,
hockey fields and a new Youth Challenge park consisting of an
international standard skate park and indoor climbing centre. It is the
largest sports complex in the state and has hosted numerous national as
well as international sporting events. Likas Stadium is the home
stadium of Sabah FA, also known as SabaHawks. There is another
sports complex in Penampang which also has a full-sized football
stadium.

There are four golf courses in Kota Kinabalu, namely the Sabah Golf and Country Club in Bukit Padang, Kinabalu
Golf Club in Tanjung Aru, Sutera Harbour Golf and Country Club, and Karambunai Golf and Country Club.
Kota Kinabalu has hosted a number of national sporting events such as the 2002 Sukma Games, international
tournaments such as the 1994 Karate World Championships and the 2008 BWF Super Series Masters Finals
badminton tournament. It is also the starting point of the annual international Borneo Safari 4x4 Challenge. Kota
Kinabalu has been one of the circuits for the F2 Powerboat UIM World Cup Series in December every year since
2007.

Music
Kota Kinabalu is home to one of Asia's favourite jazz festivals, the KK Jazz Festival. It has become an annual event.
International performers such as Son2nos (Venezuela), award-winning Korean jazz diva Nah Youn Sun, Hong
Kong's Junk Unit, Malaysia's Double Take, Atilia and Mood Indigo from UK have all previously performed at the
festival.
BandWidth Street Press Magazine is Kota Kinabalu's only free monthly magazine that promotes local Sabah music.
The magazine was launched in March 2009, and was supported by the local government and was referred by Sabah's
Minister of Culture, Environment & Tourism, YB Datuk Masidi Manjun, as a publication that will introduce and
promote new local musicians while serving up the latest information on the local entertainment scene.

Notable people
Political
Senator Penny Wong [11]: Former Minister of Finance and Deregulation of Australia.[12]
Entertainment

Che'Nelle: R&B singer based in Australia.

Roger Wang: Guitar acoustic.
Stacy Anam: The season 6 Akademi Fantasia winners. (From Penampang, which also part of the city suburb).
Norayu (Ayu) Damit: Malaysian singer and the season 2 One in a Million winners. (From Putatan, which also
part of the city suburb).

Kota Kinabalu

19

International relations
Several countries have set up their consulates in Kota Kinabalu, including Australia, Brunei, Finland, Indonesia,
Japan, Romania and Sweden.

Sister cities
Kota Kinabalu currently has five sister cities:

City of Rockingham, Australia.

Heyuan, China.

Vladivostok, Russia.
Yongin, South Korea.

Ratchaburi, Thailand.

References
Footnotes
[1] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Kota_Kinabalu&
params=5_58_17_N_116_05_43_E_type:city(452058)_region:MY
[2] http:/ / www. dbkk. sabah. gov. my/ en/ content/ news
[3] Wendy Law Suart (1993) The Lingering Eye page 55, footnote
[4] Google Maps, Retrieved 12 December 2008 (http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?f=q& hl=en& geocode=& q=kota+ Kinabalu& sll=37.
0625,-95. 677068& sspn=38. 554089,67. 851563& ie=UTF8& ll=5. 997167,116. 06884& spn=0. 189501,0. 265045& z=12)
[5] WWF Malaysia, A City Oasis, 28 December 2006. WWF Malaysia website, Retrieved 14 December 2008 Untitled Document (http:/ / www.
wwf. org. my/ how_you_can_help/ how_you_live_your_life/ hylyl_travel_smart/ index. cfm?uNewsID=2020)
[6] Distance from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia (http:/ / www. convertunits. com/ distance/ from/ Kuala+ Lumpur,+
Malaysia/ to/ Kota+ Kinabalu,+ Malaysia). Retrieved on 5 June 2009
[7] Distance from Kuching, Malaysia to Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia (http:/ / www. convertunits. com/ distance/ from/ Kuching,+ Malaysia/ to/
Kota+ Kinabalu,+ Malaysia). Retrieved on 5 June 2009
[8] Russel 2006, p. 24
[9] Russel 2006, p. 25
[10] Stella Moo (2005) The Atkinson Memorial Clock Tower - Commemorating its Centenary (https:/ / docs. google. com/
open?id=0B3Z-Vym22IgeME01VUEtYjVKQXc), Sabah Society Journal Vol 22 (2005)
[11] http:/ / www. pennywong. com. au/ about-penny/
[12] http:/ / www. pennywong. com. au/ about-penny

Others
Sabah State Government and DANCED (Danish Co-operation for Environment and Development): Sabah
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) (http://www.townplanning.sabah.gov.my/iczm/ICZM in
Sabah/DataDict/Default.html)
Department of Statistics Malaysia, Sabah: "Monthly Statistical Bulletin, January 2007: Sabah". ISSN 18231659

External links

Kota Kinabalu travel guide from Wikivoyage

Kota Kinabalu (http://www.abcsabah.com/kota-kinabalu/) by abcSabah.com

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Adam941225, Adamc92, Ah Cong Strike, Ahoerstemeier, Aiman abmajid, AjaxSmack, Alex.tan, Alfie66, Alternate Ranking 3, Amazonien, Anderson jump, Andrew Yong, Anonymous
Dissident, Appraiser, Arctic Kangaroo, Armchair Ace, Armydrive9, Azfarhan, Azwan90, Bazonka, Bejnar, Benstown, Bertholdd, Betacommand, Big Adamsky, Bkell, Bobbleboy0410, Bonadea,
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Gianna Bailey, Giraffedata, Gossipguy, Greenshed, HarryHenryGebel, Harryboyles, Haus, Hebrides, Hinchingchan, Hu12, Hvn0413, Insanity Incarnate, Isco vidal, Iwan Novirion, IzzatFarhan,
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Mattbr, Matthew A. Lockhart, Michael Devore, Michael Hardy, Mortila, Mrtea, MuddleHeadedWombat, Muijz, Nanshachengzhou, Natl1, Newbee007, Nlu, Nono64, Obersttseu, Ohconfucius,
Oktuck, Orien2v2, Oscark, OverlordQ, Owl Jolson, ParacelIslandsDispute, Paxse, Pbmaise, Pearle, PhilKnight, Philg88, Pilotguy, Polluks, Profmauri, Psionsiena, Quicksandish, Quixodon, R'n'B,
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