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Design Considerations
IEEE PES GM Calgary, Canada IEEE Wind Plant Collector Design Working Group
Wayne Dilling, Sr. Electrical Manager
Mortenson Construction
2009
Overview
Wind Power Plant MV Collector Designs Substation Designs & Wind Turbine Generator Step-Up Transformer Application WPP Interconnection Regulations & Requirements NESC & NEC Considerations for Wind Power Plants Engineering Studies for WPP Designs
Tower Locations
Based on: Wind resources Soil conditions FAA restrictions Land agreements Constructability considerations Environmental constraints
Point of Interconnection
Disconnects
Considerations
Overhead conductors can carry more power or have smaller cables but with smaller cables will have higher losses Overhead also has lower reliability
Soils thermal resistivity or Rho measured in oC-cm/W determines cable sizes and collector system layout Thermal resistivity can be improved by providing corrective thermal backfills or fluidized thermal backfills within the trench and surround the circuit cables. Adds significant expense
Substation Design
Options Considerations
Substation designs can have Medium voltage single and both medium and high sectionalized voltage bus configurations. EHV Existing Network Connection Bus types utilized: Single, Sectionalized, main and transfer, breaker-and-a-half, double breaker double bus Possible transformer configurations: Y-Y, -Y, or even Y-- Y-Y is the most commonly utilized configuration Standards and guidelines for rigid bus structures can be located in IEEE-605.
Bus Configurations
Collector System
Considerations/Applications
Many WTG Manufacturers specify (MV) grounded Y (LV). Provides isolation of WTG from the zerosequence behavior of collector circuit. Grounded Y-Y are less common (mistaken for a source of ground current). Usually protected by internal current limiting fuses in coordination with expulsion type fuses. Low voltage circuit breakers are sometimes installed inside the transformer secondary compartment to provide additional protection.
Transformer Impedance
Graph relating predicted lifetime of transformer insulation based on 1.75 MVA rating.
Considerations
Voltage ride-through Power factor SCADA capability Metering and Protection Check with: NEC and NESC (comparable Canadian codes) IEC and IEEE ISOs Local codes and standards State Utility requirements Manufacturer requirements & standards
Meeting Regulations
Collector System
2009