Chia Khoa Vang Cua Nguyen Van Phu 7 CKV

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Mc Lc(tp 1)
trang
M u...................................................................................................................0
Cha kha vng 1. Phng php quy i............................................................2
Cha kha vng 2. Phng php th..............................................................10
Cha kha vng 3. Phng php cho oxit axit ....................................................23
Cha kha vng 4. Phng php bo ton e........................................................29
Cha kha vng 5. Phng php bo ton nguyn t.........................................45
Cha kha vng 6. Phng php bo ton khi lng...........................................54
Cha kha vng 7. Phng php tng gim khi lng.........................................64
Cha kha vng 8. Phng php s dng gi tr trung bnh.............................73
Cha kha vng 9. Phng php gii chuyn pH........................................77
Cha kha vng 10. Phng php ng cho....................................................82
Mc Lc(tp 2)
trang
M u...................................................................................................................1
Cha kha vng 11. Gii nhanh bi ton bng bo ton in tch................2
Cha kha vng 12. Gii nhanh bi ton aluminum v hp cht.......................9
Cha kha vng 13. Gii nhanh bi ton iron v hp cht iron.........................25
Cha kha vng 14. Gii nhanh bi ton lin quan nhiu kim loi...................41
Cha kha vng 15. Gii nhanh dng c bn ca thi tuyn sinh H ........55
Cha kha vng 16. Gii nhanh bi ton kim loi tc dng HNO 3....................70
Cha kha vng 17. Gii nhanh bi ton in phn......................................78
Cha kha vng 18. Gii nhanh bi ton b qua giai on trung gian............88
Cha kha vng 19. Gii nhanh bi ton nhit luyn......................................96
Cha kha vng 20. Gii nhanh bi ton bng cng thc...........................................101
Mc Lc( tp 3)
trang
M u........................................................................................................................... 1
Cha kha vng 1. Gii nhanh bi ton hir cacbon.................................................2
Cha kha vng 2. Gii nhanh bi ton ancol...............................................................9
Cha kha vng 3. Gii nhanh bi ton anehit- xeton..............................................25
Cha kha vng 4. Gii nhanh bi ton axit cacboxylic...............................................41
Cha kha vng 5. Gii nhanh bi ton este- lipit.......................................................70
Cha kha vng 6. Gii nhanh bi ton gluxit (cacbohirat).....................................78
Cha kha vng 7. Gii nhanh bi ton amin...............................................................88
Cha kha vng 8. Gii nhanh bi ton amino axit......................................................96
Cha kha vng 9. Gii nhanh thi tuyn sinh H nm 2008................................55
Cha kha vng 10. Gii nhanh thi tuyn sinh H nm 2009.............................101
Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117. Email: phueuro@gmail.com
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CH CN T THI GIAN NA L THI I HC, MT MC QUAN TRONG
TRONG CUC I, VY CC BN TRANG B NHNG G CHO K
THI Y KH KHN V KHC LIT NY. BN PHI C MT CUC
CHIN TRANH MT MT MT CN V T L CHI TRUNG BNH 1/10,
NGHA L BN PHI LOI 1O I TH KHC BC VO U
TRNG DANH GI. MI NGI U C CON NG RING NHNG
IU CHUNG NHT L BN C NHNG TI LIU G PHC V
K THI TI. VY PHNG PHP M TI KHUYN CC BN HY
XEM QUA L: BN HY S HU 30 CHA KHA VNG GII
NHANH V C , HU C V 100 THI TH C P N GII V
CNG CHI TIT, NU BN CN THIU CHA KHA VNG HAY TH
HY GI CHO TI S HU N, NU BN THY HAY THI HY
NHN TIN CHO TI, NU BN THY KHNG HAY THI HY NHN TIN
GP NH: XIN CHN THNH CM N. NU BN MUN HC MT
KHA N THI CP TC NGH AN TH HY GI CHO TI NH:
098.92.92.117
nh vy trong MT THI GIAN NGN ti gi ln violet 10 cKV trong tng s 30 ckv, hi
vng n s gip phn no yn tm hn trc khi bc vo k thi c-h nm 2011.
( gm CKV1,2,3,4,5,9,11,12,13, 20).
ckv 1,2 th ch nh cng thc gii nhanh thi nh, v

khng cn thi gian na u.
Cha kha vng 1: phng php quy i
I. c s l thuyt..
1) Khi quy i hn hp nhiu cht (V d: hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe 2O3 v
Fe3O4 ...) (t 3 cht tr ln) thnh hn hp hai cht ( nh: Fe, FeO hoc Fe, Fe 2O3 hoc.)
mt cht ( nh: FexOy hoc) ta phi bo ton s mol nguyn t v bo ton khi lng hn hp.
2) C th quy i hn hp X v bt k cp cht no, thm ch quy i v mt
cht. Tuy nhin ta nn chn cp cht no n gin c t phn ng oxi ho kh nht, n
gin trong vic tnh ton.
3) Trong qu trnh tnh ton theo phng php quy i i khi ta gp s m ( nh s
mol m, khi lng m) l do s b tr khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp, trong trng hp
ny ta vn tnh ton bnh thng v kt qu cui cng vn tho mn.
4) Khi quy i hn hp X v mt cht l Fe xOy th Oxit FexOy tm c ch l oxit gi
nh khng c thc( v d nh: Fe15O16 , Fe7O8)
5) Khi quy i hn hp cc cht v nguyn t th tun theo cc bc nh sau:
Bc 1: quy i hn hp cc cht v cac nguyn t to thnh hn hp
Bc 2: t n s thch hp cho s mol nguyn t cc nguyn t trong hn hp.
Bc 3: Lp cc phng trnh da vo cc nh lut bo ton khi lng, bo ton nguyn
t, bo ton electron
Bc 4: lp cc phng trnh da vo cc gi thit ca bi ton nu c.
Bc 5: gii cc phng trnh v tnh ton tm ra p n.
6. Mt s bi ton ho hc c th gii nhanh bng phng php bo ton khi lng, bo
ton nguyn t, bo ton e song phng php quy i cng tm ra p n rt nhanh, chnh
xc v l phng php tng i u vit, kt qu ng tin cy, c th vn dng vo cc bi
tp trc nghim phn loi hc sinh (nh tuyn sinh H-C - 2007 - 2008 m B gio
dc v o to ra).
7. Cng thc gii nhanh.
Khi gp bi ton dng st v hn hp st ta p dng cng thc tnh nhanh sau: Khi p
dng cng thc ny th chng ta cn chng minh nh v vn dng linh hot trong qu
ttrnh lm cc bi ton trc nghim (cng thc c chng minh phng php bo ton e).
a. Trng hp 1: tnh khi lng st ban u trc khi b xi ha thnh m gam hn hp X
gm: Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 .
m Fe =
7.m hh + 56.n e
10
(1)
b. Trng hp 2: tnh khi lng m gam hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 .
m hh =
10.m Fe 56.n e
7
(2)
c. Trng hp 3: tnh khi lng mui to thnh khi cho m gam hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO,
Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 vo dung dch HNO3 nng d.
n Fe( NO3 )3 = n Fe =
m Fe
= ymol, m Fe( NO3 )3 = 242.y gam(3)
56
d. Trng hp 4: tnh khi lng mui to thnh khi cho m gam hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO,
Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng d.
m
1
n Fe2 (SO4 )3 = .n Fe = Fe = x mol, m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = 400.x gam(4)
2
112
Ii. Bi ton p dng:

Bi ton 1: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C Khi B- 2007) Nung m gam bt st trong oxi thu
c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO 3 d thot ra 0.56
lt NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m l:
A. 2.52 gam
B. 1.96 gam.
C. 3.36 gam.
D. 2.10 gam.
Bi gii:
Cch 1: Quy hn hp cht rn X v hai cht Fe, Fe2O3

Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
0,025mol
0,025mol
0, 56
= 0, 025mol
22, 4
n NO =
m Fe2O3 = 3 - 0,025 .56 = 1,6gam n Fe(trong Fe O ) = 2. 1,6 = 0,02mol

2 3
160
mFe = 56(0,025 + 0,02) = 2,52 gam A ng

Ch : Nu
n Fe(trong Fe2O3 ) =
1, 6
= 0, 01mol mFe = 56.(0,035) = 1,96g B sai
160
Cch 2: Quy hn hp cht rn X v hai cht FeO, Fe2O3

3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O
3.0,025
0,025
mFeO = 3.0,025 . 72 = 5,4g
m Fe2O3
n Fe(Fe2O3 ) =
n Fe(FeO) =
5, 4
= 0, 075mol
72
= 3 - 5,4 = -2,4g
2.(2, 4)
4,8
=
= 0, 03mol
160
160
mFe = 56 .(0,075 + (-0,03)) = 2,52 gam A ng

Ch : + Kt qu m ta vn tnh bnh thng v y l phng php quy i
+ Nu
n Fe(Fe2O3 ) = 0,015mol
mFe = 56.0,06 = 3,36g C sai
Cch 3: Quy hn hp cht rn X v mt cht l Fex Oy

3FexOy + (12x - 2y)HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 +(3x-2y)NO + (6x -y)H2O
3.0,025
3x 2y
0,025mol
3
3.0, 025
x 3
=
= m Fe3O2 = 200
56x + 16y 3x 2y
y 2
3.56.3
m Fe(oxit ) =
= 2, 52g A ng
200
= 2,1g D sai
Ch : Nu m Fe2O3 = 160 m Fe = 3.2.56
160
n Fex Oy =
Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.
m Fe =
7.m hh + 56.n e 7.3 + 56.0,025.3

=
= 2,52gam => A ng
10
10
Bi ton 2: ( Trch thi tuyn sinh H C- Khi A- 2008). Cho 11.36 gam hn hp gm
Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 1.344 lt kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X sau phn ng c m
gam mui khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 34.36 gam.
B. 35.50 gam. C. 49.09 gam
D. 38.72 gam.
Bi gii.
Cch 1: Quy i hn hp v hai cht: Fe, Fe2O3
Ho tan hn hp vi HNO3 long d 1,344 lt NO
Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O (1)
0,06mol
0,6mol
0,06mol
Fe2O3
0,05
n NO =
2Fe(NO3)3
0,1mol
(2)
1, 344
= 0, 06mol;
22, 4
T (1) mFe = 56 . 0,06 = 3,36 g
n Fe2O3 =
8
= 0, 05mol
160
m Fe2O3 = 11, 36 3, 36 = 8g
mX = 242 (0,06 + 0,1) = 38,72g D ng
Cch 2: Quy hn hp v hai cht: FeO, Fe2O3

0,18
0,18mol
0,06
Fe2O3
-0,01
2Fe(NO3)3
-0,02
mFeO = 12,96g;
m Fe2O3 = 1, 6g
m Fe(NO3 )3 = 242(0,18 + 0,02) = 38,72g
D ng
Cch 3: Quy hn hp v mt cht FexOy

3FexOy + (12x - 2y)HNO3 3xFe(NO3)3 + (3x - 2y)NO + (6x-y)H 2O
3.0,06
3x 2y
3.x.0,06
3x 2y
0,06
11, 36
0, 06.3
x 16
=
=
150x = 160y
56x + 16y 3x 2y
y 15
3.16.0, 06
=
.242 = 38, 72g D ng
3.16 2.15
n Fex Oy =
m Fe(NO3 )3
Cch 4. p dng phng php quy i nguyn t

Ta xem 11.36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4 l hn hp ca x mol Fe v
y mol O. Ta c: mHH =56x+16y =11,36 (1).
Mt khc qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh sau
0
+3
Fe 3e Fe
x 3x
O + 2e O
y 2y
+5
+2
N + 3e N
...0,18 0,06
p dng LBT E ta c:
n e = 2y + 0,18 = 3x, => 3x 2y = 0,18
(2)
Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,16 mol, y=0,15 mol.
n Fe( NO3 )3 = n Fe = x = 0,16mol, => m Fe( NO3 )3 = 0,16.242 = 38,72gam , D ng
7.m hh + 56.n e 7.11,36 + 56.0,06.3

=
= 8,96gam
10
10
=> D ng
8,96
n Fe( NO3 )3 = n Fe =
= 0,16mol, m Fe( NO3 )3 = 0,16.242 = 38,72gam
56
Cch 6. Ly cc p n em chia cho khi lng mol ca mui l 242 th cc s u l nhng ch
c p n D l s khng l l 0,16
m Fe =
Bi ton 3: Nung 8.4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu c m gam X gm Fe, FeO,
Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 . Ho tan m gam hn hp X bng HNO3 d, thu c 2.24 lt kh NO2 (ktc) l
sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m l:
A. 11.2 gam.
B. 25.2 gam.
C. 43.87 gam
D. 6.8 gam.
Bi gii.
- Cch 1: + S dng phng php quy i,
Quy i hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe 2O3 ho tan hn hp X vo dung dch HNO 3 d
ta c:
Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O:
0,1/3
n NO2 = 0,1mol
0,1
S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe2O3 l:
n Fe =
8, 4 0,1 0,35
=
(mol)
56 3
3
Vy m X = m Fe + m Fe2O3 =
Ch :
1
0,35
n Fe2O3 = n Fe =
2
2.3
0,1
0,35
33,6
.56 +
.160 =
= 11, 2g A ng
3
6
3
0,35
0,35
mX =
(56 + 160) = 25, 2g B sai
3
3
0,35
0,35
= 2.
mX =
(56 + 320) = 43,87g C sai
3
3
+ Nu n Fe2O3 = n Fe =
+ Nu n Fe2O3 = 2n Fe
+ Nu khng cn bng pt : n Fe = n NO2 = 0,1mol n Fe =

mX = 0,05 (56 + 80) = 6,8 D sai
Tt nhin mX > 8,4 do vy D l p n v l)
- Cch 2: Quy i hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe2O3
FeO + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O
0,1
0,1
8, 4
0,1 = 0,05mol
56
2Fe + O 2 2FeO
8, 4
= 0,15mol
Ta c: 0,15mol
0,1mol
56
0,1
4Fe + 3O 2 2Fe 2O 3
m h 2X = 0,1.72 + 0,025.160 = 11, 2g A ng
0, 05
0,025mol
Ch : Vn c th quy i hn hp X v hai cht (FeO v Fe3O4) hoc (Fe v FeO) hoc (Fe
v Fe3O4) nhng vic gii tr nn phc tp hn, c th l ta phi t n s mol mi cht, lp h
phng trnh, gii h phng trnh hai n s).
Cch 3: Quy hn hp X v mt cht FexOy:
FexOy + (6x - 2y) HNO3 xFe(NO3)3 + (3x - 2y) NO2 + (3x -y) H2O
n Fe =
0,1
mol
3x 2y
0,1mol
8, 4
0,1.x
x 6
=
=
56 3x 2y y 7
0,1
= 0,025mol
Vy cng thc quy i l: Fe6O7 (M = 448) v n Fe6O7 =
3.6 2.7
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t st: n Fe =
mX = 0,025 . 448 = 11,2g A ng

Nhn xt: Quy i hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe 3O4, Fe2O3 v hn hp hai cht FeO, Fe 2O3 l
n gin nht.
m Fe =
7.m hh + 56.n e
10.m Fe 56.n e
trong mFe l khi lng st, mhh l khi lng
=> m hh =
10
7
ca hn hp cc cht rn st v xit st, n e l s mol e trao i. Cng thc ny c chng

minh trong cc phng php bo ton e..
Ta c; m hh =
10.m Fe 56.n e 10.8, 4 56.0,1.

=
= 11, 2gam =>A ng
7
7
Bi ton 4: Nung m gam Fe trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian ta thu c 11,2 gam hn hp
cht rn X gm Fe, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4, FeO. Ho tan ht 11,2g hn hp cht rn X vo dung dch
HNO3 d thu c 2,24 lt kh NO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m l:
A: 7,28gam
B: 5,6gam
C: 8,40gam
D: 7,40gam
Bi gii:
Cch 1: Tng t nh v d 1, i vi cch 1
- Quy v hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe2O3:
Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO 3 )3 + 3NO 2 + 3H 2O
0,1
0,1
3
S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe2O3 l:
1 m 0,1
m 0,1
n Fe =
mol n Fe2O3 =
2 56 3
56 3
Vy mX = mFe +
m Fe2O3
11, 2 = 56.
0,1 1 m 0,1
+
.160 m = 8,4 C ng
3 2 56 3
Cch 2: Tng t cch 2 quy i hn hp X v FeO v Fe 2O3 m = 8,4 g

Cch 3: Tng t cch 3 quy i hn hp X v FexOy m = 8,4 g
m Fe =
7.m hh + 56.n e 7.11, 2 + 56.0,1

=
= 8, 4gam => C ng
10
10
Bi ton 5: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4 trong dung dch HNO3 c
nng thu c 4,48 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c
145,2gam mui khan, gi tr m l:
A: 78,4g
B: 139,2g
C: 46,4g
D: 46,256g
Bi gii:
p dng phng php quy i: Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht
Cch 1: Quy hn hp X v 2 cht Fe v Fe2O3:
Ho tan hn hp X vo dung dch HNO3 c nng d.
Ta c: Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
(1)
0,2/3
0,2/3
0,2
Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O
Ta c:
n NO2 =
(2)
4, 48
145, 2
= 0, 2mol ; n mui khan = n Fe( NO ) =
= 0,6mol
3 3
22, 4
242
1
1
0, 2 0,8
n Fe( NO3 )3 = 0, 6
(mol)
=
2
2
3 3
0, 2
0,8
= m Fe + n Fe2O3 =
.56 +
.160 = 46, 4g C ng
3
3
T pt (2): n Fe2O3 =
m h 2X
Nu
m h 2X = m Fe + n Fe2O3 = 0,66.56 + 0, 266.160 = 46, 256g
D sai
Cch 2: Quy hn hp X v hn hp 2 cht FeO v Fe2O3 ta c:
FeO + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3 )3 + NO 2 + 2H 2O (3)

0,2
0,2
0,2
Fe 2 O3 + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3 )3 +3H 2O
0,2mol
(4)
0,4mol
n Fe(NO3 )3 =
145, 2
= 0, 6mol , mX = 0,2 (72 + 160) = 46,4gam C ng
242
Ch : + Nu t (4) khng cn bng
n Fe2O3 = 0, 4mol
mX = 0,2 (72 + 2 . 160) = 78,4 gam A sai

Cch 3: Quy hn hp X v mt cht l FexOy:
FexOy + (6x -2y) HNO3 xFe(NO3)3 + (3x - 2y)NO2 + (3x - y) H2O
0, 2
0,6
3x 2y
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t Fe:
x 3
=
y 4
Fe3O4
mh2 =
0,2
0, 2
0, 6
=
6y= 8x
3x 2y
x
0, 2
.232 = 46, 4g
3.3 4.2
C ng
Ch : + Nu mhh = 0,6 232 = 139,2 g B sai

145, 2
= 0,6mol => mFe = 0,6.56=33,6 gam
242
10.m Fe 56.n e 10.33,6 56.0, 2
m hh =
=
= 46, 4gam => C ng
7
7
n Fe = n Fe( NO3 )3 =
Bi ton 6: Ho tan hon ton 49.6 gam hh X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c,
nng thu c dung dch Y v 8.96 lt kh SO 2(ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca
oxi trong hn hp X v khi lng mui trong dung dch Y ln lt l:
A. 20.97% v 140 gam.
B. 37.50% v 140 gam.
C. 20.97% v 180 gam
D.37.50% v 120 gam.
Bi gii:
Cch 1: + Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe2O3 ta c:
2FeO + 4H 2SO 4 Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 + SO 2 + 4H 2 O
0, 8
0, 4
0, 4mol
49,6gam
Fe2 O3 + 3H 2SO 4 Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 + 3H 2 O
0, 05
0, 05
m Fe2O3 = 49, 6 0,8.72 = 8g
n Fe2O3 =
8
= 0, 05mol
160
noxi (X) = 0,8 + 3.(-0,05) = 0,65mol

%m O =
0, 65.16.100
= 20, 97% A v C
49, 6
m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = [0, 4 + ( 0, 05)).400 = 140gam A ng

Ch : + Nu m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = (0, 4 + 0, 05).400 = 180g C sai
+ Tng t quy i v hai cht khc
Cch 2. p dng phng php quy i nguyn t
Ta xem 49,6 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4 l hn hp ca x mol Fe v y

mol O. Ta c: mHH =56x+16y =49,6 (1).
2
+3
O + 2e O
y 2y
Fe 3e Fe
x 3x
+6
+4
S + 2e S
...0,8 0, 4
p dng LBT E ta c:
n e = 2y + 0,18 = 3x, => 3x 2y = 0,8
(2)
Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,7 mol, y=0,65 mol.
0,65.16
1
100% = 20,97%, n Fe2 (SO 4 )3 = n Fe = 0,35mol
249,6
2
=> m Fe2 (SO 4 )3 = 0,35.400 = 140gam A dung
%O =

m Fe =
49,6 39, 2
7.m hh + 56.n e 7.49, 6 + 56.0, 4.2
.100 = 20,97%
=
= 39, 2gam %O =
49,6
10
10
1
39, 2
n Fe2 (SO4 )3 = n Fe =
= 0,35mol, m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = 0,35.400 = 140gam => A ng
2
56.2
Bi ton 7: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 3O4, Fe2O3, cn 0,05 mol H2.
Mt khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H 2SO4 c nng th
thu c th tch V ml SO2 (ktc). Gi tr V(ml) l:
A.112 ml
B. 224 ml
C. 336 ml
D. 448 ml.
Bi gii:
Cch 1:
Quy i hn hp X v hn hp hai cht FeO v Fe2O3 vi s mol l x, y
Ta c:
t
FeO + H 2
Fe + H 2 O
(1)
Fe2O3 + 3H2 2Fe + 3H2O

y
3y
2y
(2)
x + 3y = 0, 05
x = 0, 02mol
72x + 160y = 3, 04 y = 0, 01mol
T (1) v (2) ta c:
2FeO + 4 H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O

0,02mol
0,01mol
Vy
(3)
VSO2 = 0,01 22,4 = 0,224 lt hay 224ml B ng
Ch : Nu (3) khng cn bng:
VSO2 = 0,02 22,4 = 0,448 lt = 448ml D sai
n O = n H2 = 0,05mol, m O = 0,05.16 = 0,8gam mFe = mxit mO =2,24 gam =>
ne =
10.22, 4 7.3,04
= 0,01mol, Vso 2 = 0, 01.22, 4 = 0, 224lit = 224ml B ng
56.2
Bi ton 8: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 vi s mol mi cht l 0.1 mol ho tan
ht vo dung dch Y gm ( HCl, H 2SO4 long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch
Cu(NO3)2 1M vo dd Z cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO 3)2 cn
dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc phng n no:
A. 50 ml v 6.72 lt
B. 100 ml v 2.24 lt.
C. 50 ml v 2.24 lt
D. 100 ml v 6.72 lt.
Bi gii:
Quy hn hp 0,1 mol Fe2O3 v 0,1 mol FeO thnh 0,1 mol Fe3O4
Hn hp X gm: Fe3O4 mol: Fe(0,2mol) + dung dch Y
Fe3O4 + 8H+ Fe2+ + 2Fe3+ + 4H2O
(1)
0,2mol
0,2
0,4mol
Fe + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2
0,1
0,1
(2)
D2 Z (Fe2+: 0,3mol; Fe3+: 0,4mol) + Cu(NO3)2
(3)
3Fe2+ + NO3 + 4H + 3Fe3+ + NO +2H 2 O
(4)
0,3
0,1
0,1
VNO = 0,1 22,4 = 2,24 lt; n Cu ( NO3 )2 =
n d2Cu( NO
3 )2
1
n = 0, 05mol
2 NO3
0, 05
= 0, 05 lt (hay 50ml) C ng
1
Ch : + Nu n Cu(NO3 ) 2 = n NO3 = 0,1mol VCu( NO3 )2 = 100ml B sai

+ T (4) nu khng cn bng: VNO = 0,3 22,4 = 6,72 lt A sai
Bi ton 9: Nung x mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c 63,2 gam hn
hp cht rn. Ho tan hon ton hn hp cht rn trn bng H2SO4 c, nng, d thu c
dung dch Y v 6,72 lt kh SO2(ktc). Gi tr ca x mol l:
A. 0,7 mol
B. 0,3 mol
C. 0,45 mol
D. 0,8 mol
Bi gii.
Xem hn hp cht rn l hn hp ca x mol Fe , 0,15 mol Cu v y mol O.
Ta c: mHH=56x + 64.0,15 +16y=63,2
56x+16y=53,6 (1)
+3
+2
Fe 3e Fe
Cu 2e Cu
x 3x
0,15 0,3
O + 2e O
y 2y
+6
+4
S + 2e S
...0,6 0,3
p dng LBT E ta c:
n e = 3x + 0,3 = 0,6 + 2y, => 3x 2y = 0,3 (2)
Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,7 mol, y=0,9 mol. A ng

Bi ton 10. Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeS , FeS 2, v S bng HNO3 nng d thu
c 9,072 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht ) v dung dch Y. Chia
dung dch Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 5,825 gam kt ta trng.
Phn 2 tan trong dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta Z, nung Z trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i c a gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l:
A. 5,52 gam v 2,8 gam.
B. 3,56 gam v 1,4 gam.
C. 2,32 gam v 1,4 gam
D. 3,56 gam v 2,8 gam.
Bi gii.
Xem hn hp cht rn X l hn hp ca x mol Fe u v y mol S.

Qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh sau
+3
Fe 3e Fe
x 3x
+6
S 6e S
y 6y y
+5
+4
N + 1e N
...0, 405 0, 405mol
p dng LBT E ta c:
n e = 3x + 6y = n NO2 =
9,072
= 0, 405mol, => 3x + 6y = 0, 405
22, 4
(1)
Mt khc trong 1/2 dung dch Y:

3+
3OH
t
Fe
Fe(OH)3 (Z)
Fe 2 O3
x
mol
2
+6
x
................................ mol
4
2+
Ba
S(SO 24 )
BaSO 4
y
y
mol..................... mol
2
2
y 5,825
n BaSO4 = =
= 0,025mol => y = 0,05mol
2
233
Thay vo (1) ta c x=0,035 mol
m = mX=56x+32y=56.0,035+32.0,05=3,56 gam
x
0,035
a = m Fe2O3 = .160 =
.160 = 1, 4gam
4
4
=> B ng.
iii. bi tp t gii
Bi 1: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4 bng HNO3 thu c 2.24 lt
kh mu nu duy nht (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c 96.8 gam mui khan. Gi
tr m l:
A. 55.2 gam.
B. 31.2 gam.
C. 23.2 gam
D. 46.4 gam.
Bi 2: Ho tan 52.2 gam hh X gm FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4 bng HNO3 c, nng thu c
3.36 lt kh NO2 (ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 36.3 gam.
B. 161.535 gam.
C. 46.4 gam
D. 72.6 gam.
Bi 3: Vo th k XVII cc nh khoa hc ly c mt mu st nguyn cht t cc mnh v
ca thin thch. Sau khi em v phng th nghim do bo qun khng tt nn n b oxi ha
thnh m gam cht rn X gm Fe v cc xit ca n. xc nh khi lng ca mu st th
cc nh khoa hc cho m gam cht rn X trn vo vo dung dch HNO 3 long thu c kh
NO duy nht v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng 48,4 gam cht rn
khan. Mu thin thch bng st nguyn cht c khi lng l:
A. 11,2gam.
B. 5,6 gam
C. 16,8 gam
D. 8,4 gam
Bi 4: Vo th k XIX cc nh khoa hc ly c mt mu st nguyn cht t cc mnh v
ca thin thch. Sau khi em v phng th nghim cc nh khoa hc ly 2,8 gam Fe
trong ng th nghim khng y np kn n b xi ha thnh m gam cht rn X gm Fe
v cc xit ca n. Cho m1 gam cht rn X trn vo vo dung dch HNO 3 long thu c 896 ml
kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng m 2 gam
cht rn khan.
1. gi tr ca m2 l:
A. 72,6 gam
B. 12,1 gam.
C. 16,8 gam
D. 72,6 gam
2. gi tr ca m1 l:
A. 6,2gam.
B. 3,04 gam.
C. 6,68 gam
D. 8,04 gam
Bi 5: mt chic kim bng st lu ngy b oxi ha, sau ngi ta cn c 8,2 gam st v
cc xit st cho ton b vo dung dch HNO 3 c nng thu c 4,48 lt kh mu nu duy
nht (ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y thu c m gam mui khan.
1. khi lng chic kim bng st l:
A. 6,86 gam.
B. 3,43 gam.
C. 2,42 gam
D. 6.26 gam
2. gi tr ca m gam mui l:
A. 29,645 gam.
B. 29,5724 gam.
C. 31,46 gam
D. 29,04 gam
Bi 6: Cc nh khoa hc ly m 1 gam mt mnh v thin thach bng st nguyn cht do bo
qun khng tt nn n b oxi ha thnh m 2 gam cht rn X gm Fe v cc xit ca n. xc
nh khi lng ca mu st th cc nh khoa hc cho m 2 gam cht rn X trn vo vo
dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 6,72 lt kh NO duy nht(ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn
dung dch mui Y cn nng 121 gam cht rn khan.
1. gi tr ca l: m1
A. 28 gam
B. 56 gam.
C. 84 gam
D. 16,8 gam
2. gi tr ca m2 l:
A. 32,8 gam.
B. 65,6 gam.
C. 42,8 gam
D. 58,6 gam
Bi 7: cc nh thm him tm thy mt cht rn b g st di i dng, sau khi a mu
g st xc nh khi lng st trc khi b oxi ha th ngi ta cho 16 gam g st vo
vo dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu c 3,684 lt kh NO2 duy nht(ktc) v dung dch
mui X, c cn dung dch mui X cn nng m gam cht rn khan.
1. khi lng st ban u l:
A. 11,200 gam
B. 12,096 gam.
C. 11,760 gam
D. 12,432 gam
2. gi tr ca m l:
A. 52,514 gam.
B. 52,272 gam.
C. 50,820 gam
D. 48,400 gam
Bi 8: cho 12,096 gam Fe nung trong khng kh thu c m1 gam cht rn X gm Fe v cc
xit ca n. Cho m1 gam cht rn X trn vo vo dung dch H 2SO4 c nng thu c 1,792
lt kh SO2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng m 2
gam cht rn khan.
1. gi tr ca m1 l:
A. 14 gam
B. 16 gam.
C. 18 gam
D. 22,6 gam
2. gi tr ca m2 l:
A. 43,6 gam.
B. 43,2 gam.
C. 42,0 gam
D. 46,8 gam
Bi 9: Sau khi khai thc qung bxit nhm c ln cc tp cht: SiO 2, Fe, cc oxit ca Fe.
loi b tp cht ngi ta cho qung vo dung dch NaOH c nng d thu c dung dch X v
m gam cht rn khng tan Y. xc nh m gam cht rn khng tan chim bao nhiu
phn trmtng qung ta cho m gam cht rn vo dung dch HNO 3 long d thu c 6,72 lt
kh NO duy nht(ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng 121 gam
cht rn khan. Gi tr ca l m1
A. 32,8 gam
B. 34,6 gam.
C. 42,6 gam
D. 36,8 gam
Bi 10: Ha tan hon ton mt xit st FexOy bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c 2,24
lt kh SO2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng 120
gam cht rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca xit st l:
A. FeO
B. Fe2O3
C. Fe3O4
D. Khng xc nh c
Bi 11: Nung y mol Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c 16,08 gam hn hp A gm 4 cht
rn gm Fe v cc xit st. ha tan ht lng hn hp A trn bng dung dch HNO 3 long d thu
c 672 ml kh NO duy nht(ktc) v dung dch mui. Gi tr ca l y:
A. 0.21 mol
B. 0,232 mol.
C. 0,426 mol
D. 36,8 mol
Bi 12: Ha tan m gam hn hp X bn cht rn gm Fe v cc xit st bng dung dch HNO 3
d thu c 4,48 lit kh NO2 duy nht(ktc) v 145,2 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca l m gam:
A. 44 gam
B. 46,4 gam.
C. 58 gam
D. 22 gam
Bi 13. t chy hon ton 6,48 gam hn hp X gm: FeS , FeS 2, S, Cu, CuS, FeCu 2S2 th
cn 2,52 lt xi v thy thot ra 1,568 lt(ktc) SO 2, mt khc cho 6,48 gam X tc dng dung
dch HNO3 nng d thu c V lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht ) v
dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thu c m gam kt ta
trng.
Gi tr ca V v m ln lt l:
A. 13,44 lt v 23,44 gam.
B. 8,96 lt v 15,60 gam.
C. 16,80 lt v 18,64 gam.
D. 13,216 lt v 23,44 gam.
Cha kha vng 2. PHNG PHP TH

I. c s l thuyt
Chng ta thng gp cc dng bi ton khi cho oxit axit CO 2, SO2 tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2 hay Ba(OH)2 thu c mui, kt ta, cng l nhng dng bi ton
kh v c nhiu trng hp xy ra trong bi ton. gii nhanh i vi nhng dng bi ton ny
ti xin trnh by phng php v cng thc gii nhanh dng bi ton cho oxit axit CO2 hoc
SO2 tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 thu c kt ta.
1. Dng bi ton cho oxit axit CO2, SO2 tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 thu c
kt ta.
a. iu kin bi ton:
Tnh s mol hay th tch Oxit axit CO 2 khi bit
n Ca (OH)2 v n CaCO3
, tuy nhin ty
thuc vo bi ton m c th vn dng khi bit 2 thng s v tm thng s cn li. Nh cho

bit s mol
n CO2
v s mol
n Ca (OH)2 . Tnh khi lng kt ta m CaCO3 . Ta c cc phn
ng ha hc c th xy ra nh sau:
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
(1)
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2
(2)
2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2
(3)
b. Phng php v th:
Dng bi ton ny ngoi gii phng php thng thng ti xin gii thiu phng php th
sau rt ra bn cht ca bi ton bng cng thc gii nhanh.
Gii thiu v cch v th nh sau:
Gi s cho bit s mol
n Ca (OH)2 = a mol . T
trc tung (Oy) ca ta ( hnh v )
chn mt im c gi tr l a. T trc honh (Ox) ca ta ( hnh v ) chn hai im c gi

tr a v 2a. Sau ti im c gi tr a ca trc Ox v ti im c gi tr a ca trc Oy k
vung gc v chng giao nhau ti im A. T im giao nhau ca A(a,a) ta ni vi to
O(0,0) v im (2a,0) ta c 1 tam gic vung cn nh l A. Gi s cho bit s mol kt ta
n CaCO3 = b mol .Trong 0< b <a . Ly mt im c gi tr l b ( hnh v) trn trc tung Oy.
K mt ng thng song song vi trc honh ct trc tung ti im c gi tr l a. ng

thng song song ny s ct tam gic vung cn ( hnh v) ti hai im. T hai im h vung
gc vi trc honh Ox th ta s c 2 im trn trc honh Ox c gi tr l n 1 v n2 cng
chnh l s mol CO2 chng ta cn tm. Nh vy s mol CO2 tham gia phn ng c th xy ra 2
trng hp: gi tr nh nht v gi tr ln nht tng ng l:
+ Trng hp 1:
n min = n CO2 = n1 mol.
+ Trng hp 2:
n max = n CO2 = n2 mol.
CaCO3
a
b
n1
n Ca(OH)2 = a mol
n CaCO3 = b mol
n2
2a
CO2
n CO2(min) = n1 mol = b mol

=>
nCO2(max) = n2 mol = 2a b mol
T phng php trn th bn cht ca dang bi ton ny chnh l cng thc gii nhanh
sau rt ph hp vi phng php trc nghim nh hin nay:
VCO2 (min) = n CO2(min) .22,4 = b.22, 4 (lit)

=>
VCO2 (max) = nCO2(max) .22,4 = (2a b).22, 4 (lit)
Trong b l s mol kt ta CaCO3, a l s mol Ca(OH)2.
3. bi ton p dng
Bi ton 1: ( Trch cu 5 trang 119. tit 39- 40 bi 26: kim loi kim th v hp cht ca kim
loi kim th. SGK ban c bn).
Cho 2,8 gam CaO tc dng vi mt lng nc d thu c ung dch A. Sc 1,68 lt kh
CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch A:
a. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c.
b. Khi un nng dung dch A th khi lng kt ta thu c l bao nhiu?
Bi gii
2,8
n CaO =
= 0,05mol,CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2
56
1,68
n Ca 2+ = 0,05mol, n CO2 =
= 0,075mol
22, 4
Khi sc kh CO2 vo dung dch nc vi trong Ca(OH)2 ta c cc phng trnh
phn ng xy ra:
(1)
(2)
Khi un nng dung dch ta c phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
(3)
CaCO
p dng phng php 3 th ta c:
0,05
0,025
Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117. Email:CO

phueuro@gmail.com
2
0.025 0,05 0,075 0,1
a. Khi lng kt ta thu c l:

Da vo th ta c :
=>
n CaCO3 = 0,025 mol
m CaCO3 = 0,025.100 = 2,5 gam
b. Cch 1: Nu khi un nng th xy ra phng trnh (3).

T (1) ta c:
n CO2 = n CaCO3 = 0,025 mol
n CO2( pt 2) = n CO2 n CO2( pt1) = 0,075 0,025 = 0,05 mol,

T(2) =>
1
n Ca (HCO3 )2 = n CO2 = 0,025 mol
2
T(3) : n CaCO3 = n Ca (HCO3 )2 = 0,025 mol => m CaCO3 = 100.0,025 = 2,5 gam
Nh vy khi un nng khi lng kt ta thu c ti a l:
m=2,5 + 2,5 = 5 gam.
Cch 2: p dng cng thc tinh nhanh n CO2 = x + 2y
S mol kh CO2 v s mol kt ta x bit, vn by gi l tm gi tr y mol. Thay gi tr
vo ta c n CO = x + 2y => y =
2
ta
n CO2 x
2
0,075 0,025
= 0,025mol nh vy tng s mol kt
2
n CaCO3 = x + y = 0,025 + 0,025 = 0,05mol, => m CaCO = 0,05.100 = 5 gam

3
Bi ton 2: ( Trch cu 2 trang 132. tit 43 bi 28: Luyn tp: Tnh cht ca kim loi kim,
kim loi kim th v hp cht ca chng. SGK ban c bn).
Sc 6,72 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch c cha 0,25 mol Ca(OH) 2 . Khi lng gam
kt ta thu c l:
A. 10 gam
B. 15 gam.
C. 20 gam.
D. 25 gam.
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: gii thng thng:
n CO2 =
n 0,5
6,72
= 0,3mol , n Ca (OH)2 = 0, 25mol,1 < OH =
<2
22, 4
n CO2 0,3
xy ra 2 phng trnh:
(1)
(2)
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol CO2 ca phng trnh (1) v (2). Ta c h phng trnh:
x + y = 0,3
y
x + 2 = 0, 25
Gii h phng trnh ta c: x=0,2 mol, y= 0,1 mol.
n CaCO=3 20 gam , p n ng l C.
m CaCO3 = 0, 2.100
Cch 2: p dng phng php th:
0,25
0,2
n COEmail:
Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117.
phueuro@gmail.com
2
0,25 0,3
0,5
m CaCO3 = 0, 2.100 = 20 gam , p n ng l C.

Nhn xt:
- Nu p dng cch thng thng th hc sinh phi xc nh c to ra 1 hay 2 mui.
- Nu
1<
n OH
n CO2
<2
th kt lun to 2 mui.
- Nu hc sinh vi vng lm bi m khng t duy th t phng trnh (1) =>
n CaCO3 = n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 25 mol => m CaCO3 = 100.0, 25 = 25 gam
Nh vy kt qu p n D l sai.
- Do vy hc sinh p dng gii cch 2 rt ph hp vi phng php trc nghim, p n
chnh xc, thi gian ngn hn.
Cch 3: Ta c:
(1)
0.25mol 0,25mol 0,25mol
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2
(2)
0,05mol0,05 mol
=> n CaCO3 = 0, 25 0,05 = 0, 2mol => m CaCO3 = 100.0, 2 = 20gam p n ng l C.
Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh:
nCO2(max) = (2a b) = 2.nCa(OH)2 n CaCO3
=>
n CaCO3 = 2.0, 25 0,3 = 0, 2 mol => m CaCO3 = 100.0, 2 = 20 gam

p n ng l C.
Bi ton 3: ( Trch cu 6 trang 132. tit 43 bi 28: Luyn tp: Tnh cht ca kim loi kim,
kim loi kim th v hp cht ca chng. SGK ban c bn).
Sc a mol CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 thu dc 3 gam kt ta, lc tch kt ta dung
dch cn li mang un nng thu c 2 gam kt ta na. Gi tr a mol l:
A: 0,05 mol
B: 0,06 mol
C: 0,07 mol
D: 0,08 mol
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: phng trnh phn ng c th xy ra:
(1)
(2)
(3)
T (1) =>
n CaCO3 = 0,03mol => n CO2 = n CaCO3 = 0,03mol
T (3) khi un nng
n CaCO3 = 0,02mol => n Ca (HCO3 )2 = n CaCO3 = 0,02mol
T (2) => n CO 2 = 2n Ca (HCO3 )2 = 0,02.2 = 0,04mol, n CO2 = 0,04 + 0,03 = 0,07mol

p n ng l C.
Gi s
n Ca (OH)2 = x mol
n CaCO3
xmol
0,03
n CO2
0,03 x mol
2x
m
n CO2 = 0,03mol , khi un nng
ol
n CO2 = 2n CaCO3 = 0, 04mol, n CO2 = 0,04 + 0,03 = 0, 07mol p n ng l C.
Nu chng ta gp mt bi ton khi cho oxit axit CO2 tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 hay
Ba(OH)2 thu c x mol kt ta v sau un nng thu c y mol kt ta na th p dng
cng thc tnh nhanh sau,
n CO2 = x + 2y
thay gi tr vo ta c
n CO2 = x + 2y = 0,03 + 2.0,02 = 0,07 mol => p n ng l C.

Bi ton 4: ( Trch cu 9 trang 168. bi 31: mt s hp cht quan trong ca kim loi kim th
, SGK ban nng cao).
Cho 10 lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm CO 2 v N2 tc dng vi 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH) 2
nng 0,02M thu c 1 gam cht kt ta. Hy xc nh thnh phn % theo th tch ca
mi kh trong hn hp u.
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: Phng php thng thng.
Khi sc hn hp kh ch c CO2 tham gia phn ng, phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
(1)
n Ca (OH)2 = 2.0,02 = 0,04 mol

T (1) n CO 2 = n CaCO3 =
(2)
1
= 0, 01 mol => VCO2 = 0,01.22, 4 = 0, 224 lit
100
C hai trng hp xy ra:

+ Trng hp 1: Ch xy ra phng trnh (1)
(1)
%VCO2 =
0, 224
.100% = 2, 24%
10
+ Trng hp 2:
To 2 mui
(1)
(2)
T (1) v (2)
tu(2) => n CO2 = 2n Ca (OH)2 = 2.0,03 = 0,06mol, n CO2 = 0,06 + 0,01 = 0,07mol
%VCO2 =
Kt lun:
0,07.22, 4
.100 = 15,68 %
10
- Nu %CO2=2,24 % => %N2=97,76 %

- Nu %CO2=15,68 % => %N2=84,32 %
n CaCO3
0,04
0,01
O
n CO2
0,04 0,07
0,01
0,0
8
T th thu c s mol CO2 c 2 gi tr:
0,01.22, 4
n
=
0,01
mol
%V
=
.100 = 2, 24 %
CO
CO
2
2
10

0,07.22, 4
n
.100 = 15,68 %
CO 2 = 0,07 mol %VCO 2 =
10
Kt lun:
- Nu %CO2=2,24 % => %N2=97,76 %

- Nu %CO2=15,68 % => %N2=84,32 %
Nhn xt: - Qua 2 cch gii ta thy phng php thng thng gii phc tp hn nhiu, mt
nhiu thi gian, nu khng cn thn s thiu trng hp , dn ti kt qu sai l khng th trnh
khi.
- Phng php th gii nhanh v gon, khng phi vit phng trnh phn ng, ch v
th ta thy c 2 trng hp xy ra, n rt ph hp vi phng php trc nghim nh hin nay.
Bi ton 5: ( Trch thi tt nghip THPT nm 2007). Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt SO 2 (
ktc) vo dung dch cha 16 gam NaOH thu c dung dch X. Khi lng mui tan thu c
trong dung dch X l:
A: 18,9 gam
B: 25,2 gam
C: 23 gam
D: 20,8 gam
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: Thng thng:
n NaOH
=2
n SO2
to mui Na2SO3
SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O

0,2
0,4
0,2
m Na 2SO3 = 0, 2.126 = 25, 2 gam B l p n ng
+ Cch 2: p dng phng php th
Na2SO3
0,4
0,2
0,2
n SO2
0,4
0,8
T th: s mol ca mui Na2SO3 = 0,2 mol. Nn ta c
m Na 2SO3 = 0, 2.126 = 25, 2 gam B l p n ng
Bi ton 6: (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng -i hc Khi A nm 2007).

Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt CO 2 (ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH) 2 nng a mol/l thu
c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l:
A: 0,032 mol/l
B: 0,06 mol/l
C: 0,04 mol/l
D: 0,048 mol/l
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: Gii bng phng php thng thng:
n CO 2 =
2,688
15,76
= 0,12 mol; n BaCO 3 =
= 0,08 mol
22, 4
197
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 CaCO3+ H2O

0,08
0,08
0,08 mol
(1)
2CO2 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(HCO3)2

0,04
0,02 mol
(2)
T (1) v (2)
CMBa ( OH ) =
2
n Ba (OH)2 = 0,08 + 0,02 = 0,1mol
0,1
= 0,04 M C l p n ng
2,5
+ Cch 2: p dng phng php th ta c:
n BaCO3
2,5 a
0,08
n CO2
0,08 2,5a 0.12
5a
2,688
15,76
= 0,12 mol, n BaCO3 =
= 0,08 mol
22, 4
197
0,1
= 2,5a mol = 0,1mol a =
= 0, 04 mol / lit C l ng
2,5
n CO2 =
n Ba (OH)2
nCO2(max) = (2a b) = 2.nBa(OH)2 n BaCO3

n Ba(OH)2 =
0,12 + 0,08
0,1
= 0,1 mol CM Ba ( OH ) =
= 0,04 M
2
2
2,5
p n ng l C.
Bi ton 7: (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng -i hc Khi A nm 2008). Hp th hon
ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH) 2
0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m gam l:
A: 11,82 gam
B: 9,85 gam
C: 17,73 gam
D: 19,70 gam
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: Phng php thng thng
n CO2 = 0, 2mol; n NaOH = 0,5.0,1 = 0,05mol; n Ba (OH)2 = 0,5.0, 2 = 0,1mol
n OH = 0,05 + 0,1.2 = 0, 25mol; 1 <

CO 2 + OH HCO3
(1)
x
x
x
2
CO 2 + 2OH CO3 + H 2 O (2)
y
2y
y
Phng trnh to kt ta l:
n OH
n CO2
= 1, 25 < 2 to 2 mui
x = 0,15(HCO3 )
x + y = 0, 2
2
x
+
2y
=
0,
25
y = 0,05(CO3 )
Ba 2+ + CO32 BaCO3 m BaCO3 = 0,05.197 = 9,85 gam

0,05
0, 05
B l ng
+Cch2: p dng phng php th:
n CO2 = 0, 2 mol, n NaOH = 0,5.0,1 = 0,05 mol.n Ba (OH)2 = 0,5.0, 2 = 0,1 mol
Ta c:
CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O

0,025
0,05 0,025mol
Nh vy:
n CO2d- = 0,175mol; n Na 2CO3 = 0,025mol; n Ba(OH)2 = 0,1mol

n BaCO3
0,1
0,025
O
n CO2
0,1
0,175
0,2
n BaCO3 = 0,025 + 0,025 = 0,05 mol m BaCO3 = 0,05.197 = 9,85 gam
B l p n ng
Bi ton 8: Cho V lt CO2 (ktc) hp th ht vo 200ml dung dch Ca(OH) 2 2M, kt thc
phn ng thu c 20 gam kt ta. Gi tr V lt l:
A: 4,48 lt
B: 13,44 lt
C: 2,24 lt hoc 6,72 lt
D: 4,48 lt hoc 13,44 lt
Bi gii:
Ta c:
n Ca (OH)2 = 0, 4 mol; n CaCO3 =
- Trng hp 1: Ch to mui CaCO3:

0,2
0,2
20
= 0, 2 mol
100
(1)
VCO2 = 0, 2.22, 4 = 4, 48lit
0,2
- Trng hp 2: To hai mui: CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2:

2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 (2)
0,4
0,2
n CO2 = 0,6 mol VCO2 = 0,6.22, 4 = 13, 44 lit
D l p n ng
n CaCO3
0,4
0,2
n CO2
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
T th ta thy s mol kh CO2 c 2 trng hp:
n CO2 = 0, 2 mol
n CO2 = 0,6 mol
=>
VCO2 = 0, 2.22, 4 = 4, 48 lit
VCO2 = 0,6.22, 4 = 13, 44 lit
D l p n ng
VCO2(min) = n CO2(min) .22,4 = b.22, 4 = 0, 2.22, 4 = 4, 48(lit)
VCO2(max) = nCO2(max) .22,4 = (2a b).22, 4 = (2.0, 4 0, 2).22, 4 = 13, 44 (lit)
D l
p n ng.
Bi ton 9: Cho V lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp th ht vo 100ml dung dch Ca(OH) 2 0,7 M. Kt
thc phn ng thu c 4gam kt ta. Gi tr V lt l:
A: 4,48 lt
B: 13,44 lt
C: 2,24 lt hoc 0,896 lt
D: 4,48 lt hoc 13,44 lt
Bi gii:
- Trng hp 1: Ch to mui CaCO3 nn xy ra phn ng:
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3+ H2O
n CO2 = n CaCO3 = 0,04 mol; VCO2 = 0,04.22, 4 = 0,896
lt
+ Trng hp 2: To hai mui CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2 nn xy ra phn ng:

(1)
0,04 0,04
0,04mol
2.0,03 0,03
0,03mol
(2)
n CO2 = 0,04 + 2.0,03 = 0,1 mol VCO2 = 0,1.22, 4 = 2, 24 lt C l p n ng

+ Cch2: p dng phng php th
n CaCO3
0,07
n CO2
0,04
0,07
0,1
0,14
VCO2 = 0,04.22, 4 = 0,896 lit
VCO2 = 0,1.22, 4 = 2, 24 lit
C l p n ng
VCO2(min) = n CO2(min) .22,4 = b.22, 4 = 0,04.22, 4 = 0,896(lit)
VCO2(max) = nCO2(max) .22,4 = (2a b).22, 4 = (2.0,07 0,04).22, 4 = 2, 24 (lit)

C l p n ng
Bi ton 10: Sc V lt kh CO2 (ktc)vo 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 1M. Sau phn ng thu
c 19,7 gam kt ta. Gi tr V lt l:
A: 3,36 lt hoc 4,48 lt
B: 2,24 lt hoc 3,36 lt
C: 2,24 lt hoc 4,48 lt
D: 3,36 lt hoc 6,72 lt
Bi gii:
n Ba (OH)2 = 0,15 mol; n BaCO3 =

p dng phng php th ta c:
19,7
= 0,1 mol
197
n BaCO3
0,15
0,1
n CO2
0,1 0,15 0,2
0,3
n CaCO3 = 0,1mol
T th thu c
th s mol CO2 s c hai gi tr
n CO2 = 0,1mol
n CO2 = 0, 2mol
hoc
VCO2 = 0,1.22, 4 = 2, 24 lit
VCO2 = 0, 2.22, 4 = 4, 48 lit
C l p n ng
VCO2(min) = n CO2(min) .22,4 = b.22, 4 = 0,1.22, 4 = 2, 24(lit)
VCO2(max) = nCO2(max) .22,4 = (2a b).22, 4 = (2.0,15 0,1).22, 4 = 4, 48 (lit)

C l p n ng
Ch :
+ Nu
n CO2 = 0,1 hoc 0,5 mol VCO2 = 2,24 lt hoc 3,36 lt B sai
+ Nu
n CO2 = 0,15
hoc 0,3 mol VCO2 = 3,36 lt hoc 6,72 lt D sai
+ Nu
n CO2 = 0,15
hoc 0,2 mol VCO2 = 3,36 lt hoc 4,48 lt A sai
Bi ton 11: Hp th hon ton V lt kh CO 2 (ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH) 2 0,01M th

c 1gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V lt l:
A. 0,224 lt hoc 0,448 lt
B. 0,448 lt hoc 0,672 lt
C. 0,448 lt hoc 1,792 lt
D. 0,224 lt hoc 0,672 lt
Bi gii:
n Ca (OH)2 = 2.0,01 = 0,02 mol; n CaCO3 =

p dng phng php th ta c:
1
= 0,01 mol
100
n CaCO3
0,02
0,01
0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04
T th thu c
n CO2 = 0,01 mol
n CaCO3 = 0,01 mol
hoc
th s mol CO2 s c hai gi tr
n CO2 = 0,03 mol
VCO2 = 0,01.22, 4 = 0,224 lit

Ch :
n CO2
VCO2 = 0,03.22, 4 = 0,672 lit
D l p n ng
+ Nu
n CO2 = 0,01 hoc 0,02 mol V = 0,224 hoc 0,448 lt A sai
+ Nu
n CO2 = 0,02
hoc 0,03 mol V = 0,448 hoc 0,672 lt B sai
+ Nu
n CO2 = 0,02
hoc 0,04 mol V = 0,448 hoc 1,792 lt C sai
Bi ton 12: t chy hon ton 1,6 gam bt lu hunh ri cho sn phm chy sc hon ton
vo 200ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,5M. Khi lng gam kt ta thu c l:
A: 21,70 gam
B: 43,40 gam
C: 10,85 gam
D: 32,55 gam
Bi gii:
p dng phng php th: S + O2 = SO2
n SO2 = n S =
1,6
= 0,05 mol; n Ba (OH)2 = 0, 2.0,5 = 0,1 mol
32
n BaSO3
0,1
0,05
O
n SO2
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
T th s mol SO2 = 0,05 mol
n BaSO3 = 0,05 mol
m BaSO3 = 0,05.217 = 10,85 gam C l p n ng.
Bi ton 13: Sc 4,48 lt kh (ktc) gm CO2 v N2 vo bnh cha 0,08 mol nc vi trong thu
c 6 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch kh CO2 trong hn hp u c th l:
A: 30% hoc 40%
B: 30% hoc 50%
C: 40% hoc 50%
D: 20% hoc 60%
Bi gii:
n Ca (OH)2 = 0,08 mol.n CaCO3 =
6
4, 48
= 0,06 mol, n h 2kh =
= 0, 2 mol
100
22, 4
+ Cch 1: p dng phng php th:
n CaCO3
0,08
0,06
n CO2
0,06
0,08 0,1
0,16
T th thu c 0,06 mol kt ta th s mol CO2 c 2 gi tr:
0,06
n
=
0,06
mol
%VCO
=
.100 = 30 %
CO
2
2
0, 2

0,1
n
=
0,1
mol
%VCO
=
.100 = 50 %
CO
2
2
0, 2
B l p n ng
Do
-
n CaCO3 = 0,06 mol < n Ca (OH)2 = 0,08 mol
Trng hp 1: Ca(OH)2 d:
n CO2 = n CaCO3 = 0,06 mol %VCO2 =
0,06
.100% = 30 %
0, 2
- Trng hp 2: To 2 mui
0,06
0,06
0,06
(1)

0,04
0,02
T (1) v (2)
Ch :
nn c hai trng hp
%VCO2 =
(2)
n CO2 = 0,06 + 0,04 = 0,1 mol
0,1
.100 = 50 %
0, 2
B l p n ng
+ Nu
n CO2 = 0,06
hoc 0,08 mol
+ Nu
n CO2 = 0,08
hoc 0,1 mol
+ Nu
n CO2 = 0,04
hoc 0,12 mol
%VCO2 = 30% hoc 40 % A sai
%VCO2 = 40%
hoc 50 % C sai
%VCO2 = 20% hoc 60 % D sai
4. Dng bi ton khi cho mui Al3+ tc dng vi dung dch kim thu c kt ta:
+ iu kin: Tnh
n OH
bit
n Al3+ v n Al(OH)3 :
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
(1)
Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2- + 2H2O
(2)
Al3+ + 4OH AlO 2 + 2H 2 O
(3)
+ Cch v th:
T trc x chn hai im 3a v 4a, t trc y chn mt im a ti im 3a ca trc x v
a ca trc y k vung gc v chng giao nhau ti im A. T A ni vi to O v 4a ta c
tam gic: Vi s mol kt ta t trc y ct tam gic mt hoc hai im. Ti k vung gc
Al(OH)
vi trc
x ta c
s mol OH3
b
Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117.
Email: phueuro@gmail.com
OH3a x2 4a
n Al(OH) = b mol
3
n Al3+ = a mol
= x1 , x 2
n OH
x1
+. Cng thc gii nhanh c rt ra t th trn:
Nu bi ton yu cu tnh s mol hay th tch ca dung dch kim OH - nu bit s mol kt
ta n Al(OH)3
= b mol
v s mol ca
n Al3+
= a mol
hoc ngc li th ta p dng cng thc
gii nhanh sau:
n = 3.bmol
OH (min)
n
= (4.a- b) mol .
OH(max)
5. Dng bi ton khi cho mui
+ iu kin: Tnh
n H+
AlO 2 tc dng vi dung dch axit thu c kt ta:

bit n AlO v n Al(OH)3 :
2
AlO 2 + H + + H 2 O Al(OH)3
(1)
Al(OH)3 + 3H + Al3+ + 3H 2 O
(2)
AlO 2 + 4H + Al3+ + 3H 2 O
(3)
+ Cch v th:
T trc x chn hai im a v 4a, t trc y chn mt im a. Ti im a ca trc x v a
ca trc y k vung gc v chng giao nhau ti im A. T A ni vi to O v 4a ta c tam
gic. Vi s mol kt ta t trc y ct tam gic mt hoc hai im ti k vung gc vi trc
x ta c s mol H+
Al(OH)3
n Al(OH) = b mol
3
n AlO2 = a mol
= x1 , x 2 (mol)
n H+
b
H+
x2
4a
x1
Thc s: Nguyn
Vn Ph:
T 098 92 92 117. Email: phueuro@gmail.com
+. Cng thc gii nhanh c rt ra t th trn:

Nu bi ton yu cu tnh s mol hay th tch ca dung dch axit H + nu bit s mol kt
ta n Al(OH)3
= b mol
v s mol ca
n AlO = a mol
2
hoc ngc li th ta p dng cng thc
gii nhanh sau:
n + = bmol
H (min)
n
= (4.a- 3.b) mol .
H+(max)
+ Kt lun: S dng cng thc gii nhanh s gip gii cc bi ton trc nghim nhanh hn v
khng mt nhiu thi gian trong vic gii cc dng bi ton ny.
Bi ton 14: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H- C - KB - 2007). Cho 200ml dung dch AlCl 3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam, gi tr ln nht
ca V lt l:
A: 1,2
B: 1,8
C: 2
D: 2,4
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: p dng phng php th ta c:
n AlCl3 = n Al3+ = 0, 2.1,5 = 0,3mol ,
n Al(OH)3 =
15,6
= 0, 2mol
78
0,6
n
=
0,6mol
V
=
= 1, 2lit
NaOH
0,5
1
n
=
1mol
V
=
= 2lit
NaOH
0,5
n Al(OH)3
gi tr ln nht l 2 lt C ng.
Al3+
0,
0,3
n OH-
+ Cch 2: Gii bng phng php thng thng.

+ Cch 3: p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
OH (max)
0,
3
0,
6
= (4.a- b) = (4.0,3 0, 2) = 1 mol => VNaOH(max) =
0,
9
1,
2
1
= 2lit . C ng
0,5
Bi ton 15: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H-C - KA 2008). Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M
vo dung dch cha 0,1mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c
7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l:
A: 0,05
B: 0,25
C: 0,35
D: 0,45
Bi gii:
n H 2SO4 = 0,1mol; n Al3+ = 2n Al2 (SO4 )3 = 0, 2mol; n Al(OH)3 =
n OH = 0,7mol mt khc trung ho 0,1mol H2SO4 th cn 0,2mol OH-
Trn th
7,8
= 0,1mol
78
n NaOH = n OH = 0, 2 + 0,7 = 0,9mol VNaOH =
0,9
= 0, 45 lt
2
D ng
Al(OH)3
0,
2
0,
n OH
1
O
0, 0, 0,
0,
8
6 7
3
+ Cch 2: Phng php thng thng.
Tac:
n OH = 2V(mol); n H+ = 0, 2mol; n Al3+ = 0, 2mol
Th t phn ng xy ra trung ho trao i

H+ + OH- H2O
(1)
0,2 0,2
0,2
3OH- + Al3+ Al(OH)3
0,6 0,2
0,2
(2)
OH - + Al(OH)3 AlO-2 +2H 2 O
(3)
0,1
0,1
T (1), (2), (3)
0,1
n OH = 0, 2 + 0,6 + 0,1 = 0,9
2V = 0,9 V = 0,45 lt
+ Cch 3: p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
OH (max)
= (4.a- b) + 2.n H2SO4 = (4.0, 2 0,1) + 0, 2 = 0,9 mol => VNaOH(max) =
0,9
= 0, 45lit .
2
C ng.
Bi ton 16: Cho 3,42 gam Al 2(SO4)3 vo 50ml dung dch NaOH, thu c 1,56 gam kt ta
v dung dch X. Nng M ca dung dch NaOH l:
A: 0,6
B: 1,2
C: 2,4
D: 3,6
Bi gii:
3,42
1,56
= 0,01mol; n Al(OH)3 =
= 0,02mol
342
78
0,06
CM.NaOH =
= 1,2M B ng
0,05
n Al2 (SO4 )3 =
n OH = 0,06mol
n Al(OH)3
0,02
n OH0,06 0,08
+ Cch 2: - TH1: OH- thiu nn xy ra phn ng: Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
n Al(OH)3 =
C M NaOH
1,56
= 0,02mol; n NaOH = n OH = 3n Al(OH)3 = 0,06mol
78
0,06
=
= 1, 2M B ng
0,05
- TH2: OH- d ho tan mt phn kt ta nn xy ra phn ng:

Al + 3OH- Al(OH)3
(1)
0,02
0,06
0,02
3+
Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO-2 + 2H2O
n Al3+ = 2n Al2 (SO4 )3 = 0,02mol
n Al(OH)3
(2)
b ho tan = 0,02 - 0,02 = 0 loi trng hp ny
Bi ton 17: Cho 200ml dung dch KOH vo 200ml dung dch AlCl 3 1M thu c 7,8 gam kt
ta keo. Nng M ca dung dch KOH l:
A: 1,5 v 3,5 B: 1,5 v 2,5
C: 2,5 v 3,5
D: 2,5 v 4,5
Bi gii:
n AlCl3 = 0, 2mol; n Al(OH)3 =
7,8
= 0,1mol
78
n
0,3
n KOH = 0,3mol C M KOH = 0, 2 = 1,5M
0,7
n
=
0,7mol
C
=
= 3,5M
KOH
M
KOH
0, 2
Al(OH)3
0,2
n OH-
Chn A ng
0,3
0, 0,7 0,8
6
Bi ton 18: Cho 200ml dung dch HCl vo 200ml dung dch NaAlO 2 2M thu c 15,6 gam
kt ta keo. Nng M ca dung dch HCl l:
A: 1 hoc 2
B: 2 hoc 5
C: 1 hoc 5
D: 2 hoc 4
Bi gii:
n Al(OH)3 =
15,6
= 0, 2mol
78
0, 2
n H+ = 0, 2mol C MHCl = 0, 2 = 1M
C ng
1
n = 1mol C
= 5M
M HCl =
H+
0, 2
Al(OH)3
0,4
0,2
n H+
0,2 0,4
1,6
Cch 2: p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
0, 2
C
=
n + = b = 0,2mol
M
HCl (min) 0, 2 = 1M
H (min)
n
=
(4.a3.b)
=
(4.0,43.0,2)
=
1
mol
.
1
C
=
H+(max)
M
HCl( max ) 0, 2 = 5M
C ng
Bi ton 19: Cho 200ml dung dch H2SO4 vo 400ml dung dch NaAlO 2 1M thu c 7,8 gam
kt ta. Nng M ca dung dch H2SO4 l:
A: 0,125 v 1,625
B: 0,5 v 6,5
C: 0,25 v 0,5
D: 0,25 v 3,25
Bi gii:
p dng phng php th: n NaAlO2 = 0, 4mol; n Al(OH)3 =
7,8
= 0,1mol
78
1 + 0,1
0,05
n H2SO4 = 2 H = 2 = 0,05mol C M = 0, 2 = 0, 25M
D ng
1 + 1,3
0,65
n
=
H
=
=
0,65mol
C
=
=
3,
25M
M
H2SO4 2
2
0, 2
Al(OH)3
0,4
n H+
0,1
0,4
1,3
1,6
Cch 2: p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
0,1
C
=
n + = b = 0,1mol
M
H 2SO 4(min) 0, 2.2 = 0, 25M
H (min)
n
=
(4.a3.b)
=
(4.0,43.0,1)
=
1,3
mol
.
1,3
C
=
H+(max)
M
H 2SO 4( max ) 0, 2.2 = 3, 25M
D ng.
II. bi ton t gii

Bi 1: Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt CO 2 (ktc) vo V lt dung dch Ba(OH) 2 nng 0,4 M
thu c 15,76 gam kt ta trng. Gi tr ca V lt l:
A: 250 ml
B: 200 ml
C: 300 ml
D: 180 ml
Bi 2: Hp th hon ton 1,344 lt CO 2 (ktc) vo 5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a M thu
c 7,88 gam kt ta trng. Gi tr ca a mol/lt l:
A: 0,01 mol/l
B: 0,02 mol/l
C: 0,03 mol/l
D: 0,04 mol/l.
Bi 3: Hp th hon ton V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,4 M thu c 15,76
gam kt ta trng. Gi tr nh nht ca V lt l:
A: 2,688 lt
B: 1,792 lt
C: 1,344 lt
D: 2,24 lt
Bi 4 : Hp th hon ton 0,2 mol CO 2 (ktc) vo 0,25 lt dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,2
M v Ba(OH)2 0,4 M thu c m gam kt ta trng. Gi tr ca m gam l:
A. 4,925 gam
B. 1,97 gam
C. 19,7 gam
D. 9,85 gam
Bi 5: Cho 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 350 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,2 M, kt thc phn ng thu
c a gam kt ta trng. Gi tr ca a gam l:
A. 2 gam
B. 4 gam
C. 6 gam
D. 8 gam
Bi 6: Sc 4,48 lt kh (ktc) gm CO v CO2 vo bnh cha 400ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,2
M thu c 6 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch kh CO trong hn hp u c th l:
A: 30% hoc 40% B: 70% hoc 50% C: 40% hoc 50% D: 70% hoc 30%.
Bi 7 : Cho 200ml dung dch KOH vo 200ml dung dch AlCl 3 1M thu c 7,8gam kt ta
keo. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch KOH l:
A: 1,5 mol/lt v 3,5 mol/lt
B: 1,5 mol/lt v 2,5 mol/lt
C: 2,5 mol/lt v 3,5 mol/lt
D: 2,5 mol/lt v 4,5 mol/lt
Bi 8 :Trn 150ml dd Na2CO3 1M v K2CO3 0,5M vi 250ml dd HCl 2M th th tch kh CO 2 sinh ra
ktc l:
A. 2,52 lt
B. 5,04 lt
C. 3,36 lt
D. 5,60 lt
Bi 9: Thi V lt (ktc) kh CO2 vo 300 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M th thu c 0,2 gam kt ta. Gi
tr ca V l:
A. 44,8 ml hoc 89,6 ml
B. 224 ml
C. 44,8 ml hoc 224 ml
D. 44,8 ml
Bi 10: Dn V lt (ktc) kh CO 2 qua 100 ml dung dch Ca(OH) 2 1M thu c 6 gam kt ta. Lc b kt
ta, ly dung dch nc lc un nng li thu c kt ta na. V lt bng :
A. 3.136 lt
B.3.36 lt hoc 1.12 lt
C. 1.344 lt hoc 3.136 lt
B. 1.344 lt
Bi 11: Sc 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 100 ml dd Ca(OH)2 0,5M v KOH 2M. Khi lng kt ta thu c
sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton l :
A. 5,0 gam
B. 30,0 gam
C. 10,0 gam
D. 0,0 gam
Bi 12: Cho 8,05 gam kim loi Na vo 500 ml dung dch Al 2(SO4)3 0,1M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton ta thu c cht kt ta B c khi lng l
A. 7,8 gam.
B. 5,4 gam.
C. 3,9 gam.
D. 7,7 gam.
Bi 13: Cho 10,5 gam hn hp 2 kim loi gm Al v mt kim loi kim M vo trong nc. Sau phn
ng thu c dung dch B v 5,6 lt kh ( ktc). Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch B thu c
mt lng kt ta ln nht. Lc v cn kt ta c 7,8 gam. Kim loi kim l:
A. Li
B. Na
C. K
D. Rb.
Bi 14: Trn 100 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 1M vi 700 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch X
v kt ta Y. nung Y n khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c
A. 10,2 gam
B. 20,4 gam
C. 2,25 gam
D. 5,1 gam
Bi 15: Ha tan hon ton 13,275 g hn hp BaO v Al vo nc c dung dch X .Sc CO 2 d vo X
thu c 7,410 g kt ta .(Ba = 137, Al = 27 , O=16 , H=1).Phn trm khi lng BaO trong hn hp l
A. 70,688 %.
B. 78,806%
C. 80,678%
D. 80,876 %.
Bi 16: Hp th hon ton 2.24 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) vo dung dch cha 8 gam NaOH thu c
dung dch X. Khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch X l:
A. 5.3 gam
B. 10.6 gam
C. 21.2 gam
D. 15.9 gam
Bi 17: Cho 3,42 gam Al2(SO4)3 vo 50ml dung dch NaOH, thu c 1,56 gam kt ta v dung
dch X. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch NaOH l:
A: 0,6 mol/lt
B: 1,2 mol/lt
C: 2,4 mol/lt
D: 3,6 mol/lt
Bi 18: Trn dd cha x mol AlCl3 vi dd cha y mol NaOH. thu c kt ta cn c t l
A. x:y=1:4
B. x:y<1:4
C. x:y=1:5
D. x:y>1:4
Bi 19: (H - KA - 2008) Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) vo 500ml dung dch
hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta, gi tr ca m gam l:
A: 11,82 gam
B: 9,85 gam
C: 17,73 gam
D: 19,70 gam
Bi 20: Cho 350 ml dd NaOH 1M vo 100 ml dd AlCl 3 1M. Khi phn ng kt thc thu c s
gam kt ta.
A. 7.8 gam
B. 3.9 gam
C. 11.7 gam
D. 23.4 gam
Bi 21: Mt dd cha a mol NaAlO2 tc dng vi mt dd cha b mol HCl. iu kin thu c
kt ta sau phn ng l:
A. a = b
B. a = 2b
C. b<4a
D. b< 5a
Bi 22: Hap thu hoan toan 5,6 lit CO 2 (ktc), vao dung dch cha 0,2 mol
Ca(OH)2 se thu c lng ket tua la:
A. 25 gam
B. 5 gam
C. 15 gam
D. 20 gam
Bi 23: (H - KA - 2008) Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1M Al 2(SO4)3
v 0,1 mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V
thu c khi lng kt ta trn l:
A: 0,05 lt
B: 0,25 lt
C: 0,35 lt
D: 0,45 lt
Bi 24: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5 M tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch AlCl 3 1 M, lng kt
ta thu c l 15,6 gam, gi tr b nht ca V lt l:
A: 1,2 lt
B: 1,8 lt
C: 2 lt
D: 2,24. lt
Bi 25: Cho V lt dung dch KOH 0,1 M tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch Al(NO 3)3 0,2 M, lng
kt ta trng keo thu c l 1,56 gam, gi tr b nht ca V lt l:
A: 200 ml
B: 120 ml
C: 240 ml
D: 180 ml.
Bi 26: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al 2(SO4)3 v 0,1 mol
H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l:
A: 0, 5 lt
B: 0,7 lt
C: 0,9 lt
D: 1,2 lt
Bi 27: Cho 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,12 M vo 3,42 gam Al 2(SO4)3 thu c m gam kt ta
v dung dch X. Gi tr ca m l:
A: 0,78 gam
B: 1,56 gam
C: 2,34 gam
D: 1,17 gam.
Bi 28: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,35 M tc dng vi 2 lt dung dch AlCl 3 0,1 M, lng kt
ta thu c l 7,8 gam, gi tr V lt ln nht l:
A: 2,0 lt
B: 1,0 lt
C: 1,5 lt
D: 3,0 lt.
Bi 29: Cho V lt dung dch HCl 0,5 M vo 2lt dung dch KAlO 2 0,2 M thu c 15,6 gam
kt ta keo. gi tr V lt ln nht l:
A: 2,0 lt
B: 5,0 lt
C: 1,5 lt
D: 2,5 lt
Bi 30: Cho 200ml dung dch H2SO4 0,25 M vo 4lt dung dch KAlO 2 0,1 M thu c a gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca a gam l:
A: 7,8 gam
B: 1,56 gam
C: 2,34 gam
D: 1,17 gam.
Cha kho vng 21:

GiI nhanh bi ton hirocacbon.
Cu 1: (H KA-2008) un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi

xc tc Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t
qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi
so vi O2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom tng l:
A. 1,04 gam.
B. 1,32 gam.
C. 1,64 gam.
D. 1,20 gam.
Bi gii:
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
0,06.26+ 0,04. 2= m + 0,02.16 m =1,32 gam. Vy B ng.
Cu 2: (H KA-2008) Khi crackinh ton b mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch
hn hp Y ( cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi
H2 bng 12 . Cng thc phn t cu X l:
A. C6H14
B. C3H8
C. C4H10
D. C5H12
Bi gii:
Gi m l khi lng ca ankan em crackinh, p dng nh lut bo ton
khi lng ta c, sau khi crackinh khi lng cng chnh l m gam.
Ptp crackinh l:
C n H 2n +2 crackinh
uuuuuuuur C m H 2m + C p H 2p+2 (m + p = n)
m
m
, M Y = = 12.2 = 24 M X = 3M Y = 24.3 = 72 = 14n + 2
1
3
=> n = 5 C5 H12 chon D
MX =
Cu 3: (H KA-2008) Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen,

propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng CO2 v H2O thu c l:
A. 18,60 gam
B. 18,96 gam
C. 20,40 gam
D. 16,80 gam.
Bi gii:
t cng thc chung ca 3 h-c l C3Hy. Ta c
Mx = 21, 2.2 = 42, 4 12.3 + y = 42, 4 y = 6, 4

C3 H 6,4 3CO 2 + 3, 2H 2 O
0,1............0,3.........0,32mol
Khi lng cn tm l: m= 0,3.44+18.0,32= 18,96 gam. B ng.
Cu 4: (H KA-2008) Cho s chuyn ha CH4 -> C2H2 -> C2H3Cl -> PVC. tng
hp 250 kg PVC theo s trn th cn V m 3 kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
(bit CH4 chim 80% th tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%)
A. 358,4
B. 448,0
C. 286,7
D. 224,0
Bi gii
tng hp 250 kg th cn 4000 mol PVC.
Ta c t l: 2CH4 (8000mol)-> PVC(4000mol).
V
hiu
sut
50%
nn
th
tch
CH 4
cn
ly
l:
VCH4 =
8000.22, 4.100
= 358400ml .
50
Mt khc CH4 ch chim 80% nn VCH4 =

B ng.
Ch :
358400.100
= 448000ml = 448 lit
80
358400.80
= 286720ml = 286,7 lit . => C sai.
100
358400.100
=
= 224000ml = 224 lit . => D sai.
2.80
Nu VCH4 =
Nu VCH4
Cu 5:(H khi A - 2009) Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn

t cacbon trong phn t. Hn hp X c khi lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc).
S mol, cng thc phn t ca M v N ln lt l:
A. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2.
B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C3H4.
C. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2.
D. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4.
Bi lm:
Ta c: M anken ,ankin = 12, 4 : 0,3 = 41, 33 Nh vy C3H6 (42) v C3H4.(40) l tho mn.
Theo gi thit ta c phng trnh.
x = 0,1(C3H 4 )
( x + y ) = 0,3
=> D l p n ng.
(40 x + 42 y ) = 12, 4 y = 0, 2(C3H 6 )
Cu 6: (H KB 2009) Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t

l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng
vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l
A. but-1-en.
B. xiclopropan.
C. but-2-en.
D. propilen.
Bi lm:
Ta c: % Br =
160.100
= 74, 08 n = 4 chn A l p n ng, loi C v to mt sn
160 + 14n
phm khi tc dng vi HBr.

Cu 7: Da trn cng thc tq ca hu c. X c dng (C n H 2n +1 ) m , X thuc dy ng
ng :
A. an ken.
B. an kan.
C. an kin.
D. aren.
Bi gii:
(C n H 2n +1 ) l gc h-c no ha tr 1. vy phn t ch c th c 2 gc h-c no
ha tr 1 lin kt vi nhau: m=2 v X thuc dy ankan nn (C2n H 4n + 2 ) . B ng
Cu 8: t chy ht m gam hh gm CH 4, C3H6, C4H10 thu c 17,6 gam CO2 v
10,8 gam nc. Gi tr m l
A. 2 gam.
B. 4 gam.
C. 6 gam.
D. 8 gam.
Bi gii:
m X = mC + m H =
17,6.12 10,8
+
.2 = 6 gam . C ng
44
18
Ch : khi t chy h-c th C to ra CO2 v H to ra H2O. Tng khi lng C

v H trong CO2 v H2O phi bng tng khi lng h-c.
Cu 9: t chy ht 0,15 mol hh gm 2 ankan thu c 9,45 gam H2O. Cho sn
phm chy vo nc vi trong d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 52,22 gam.
B. 37,5 gam.
C. 15 gam.
D. 42,5 gam.
Bi gii:
n ankan = n H2O n CO2 => n CO2 = n H2O n ankan =
9, 45
0,15 = 0.375mol
18
CO 2 + Ca(OH) 2 CaCO 3 + H 2O.
n CaCO3 = n CO2 = 0,375mol => m CaCO3 = 0,375.100 = 37,5gam

B l p n ng.
Ch : khi t chy ankan thu c s mol nc ln hn s mol kh CO2 v
n ankan chay = n H2O n CO2 vi
Cn H 2n + 2 +
3n + 1
O 2 nCO 2 + (n + 1)H 2O
2
Cu 10: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hirocac bon lin tip trong dy ng

ng thu c 22,4 lt (ktc) CO2 v 25,2 gam nc. Hai h-c l:
A. C2H6 v C3H8
B. C4H10 v C3H8
C. C2H4 v C3H6
D. C4H10 v C5H12.
Bi gii:
n H2O = 1, 4 mol > n CO2 = 1 mol => ankan .
Gi n l s nguyn t cc bon trung bnh.
3n + 1
O 2 nCO 2 + (n + 1)H 2 O
2
n
1
=
=> n = 2,5 => A ng.
Ta c:
n + 1 1, 4
C n H 2n + 2 +
Cu 11: t chy ht hh gm mt anken v mt ankan. Cho sn phm ln lt i

qua bnh 1 ng P2O5 d v bnh 2 ng KOH rn d thy bnh 1 tng 4,14 gam,
bnh 2 tng 6,16 gam. S mol ankan c trong hh l:
A. 0,06 mol
B. 0,03 mol
C. 0,045 mol
D. 0,09 mol
Bi gii:
n H 2O =
n ankan
4,14
6,16
= 0, 23 mol, n CO2 =
= 0,14 mol
18
44
= n H2O n CO2 = 0, 23 0,14 = 0,09 mol
D l p n ng.
Cu 12: t chy hon ton 0,1mol hn hp gm CH 4, C4H10, C2H4 thu c 0,14
mol CO2 v 0,23 mol H2O. S mol ankan v anken c trong hh l:
A. 0,06 v 0,04 mol
B. 0,03 v 0,07 mol
C. 0,045 v 0,055 mol
D. 0,09 v 0,01 mol
Bi gii:
n ankan = n H2O n CO2 = 0, 23 0,14 = 0,09 mol

n anken = 0,1 0,09 = 0,01 mol
D ng.
Cu 13: Mt hh kh gm 1 ankan v 1 anken c cng s nguyn t C trong phn
t v c cng s mol. Ly m gam hh ny th lm mt mu va 80 gam dd
20% brm trong dung mi CCl4. t chy ht m gam hh thu c 0,6 mol CO2.
CTCT ca ankan v anken ln lt l:
A. C2H6 v C2H4. B. C3H8 v C3H6 C. C4H10 v C4H8D. C5H12 v C5H10
Bi gii:
n anken = n Br2 =
80.20
= 0,1mol
100.160
3n
O 2 nCO 2 + nH 2 O
2
0,1 mol................0,1.n mol
Cn H 2n +
=> 0,1.n =
0,6
= 3 => n = 3 => B dung.
2
Cu 14: t chy ht V lt (ktc) mt ankin th kh thu c CO2 v nc c khi lng l 25,2 gam. Nu cho sn phm chy i qua dd nc vi trong d thu c 45
gam kt ta.
1. Gi tr V l:
A. 2,24 lt
B. 3,36 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. 5,6 lit.
2. CT ankin l:
A. C2H2.
B. C3H4
C. C4H6
D. C5H8
Bi gii:
1. Gi tr V l:
25, 2 0, 45.44
= 0,3 mol
18
= 0, 45 0,3 = 0,15 mol
n CO2 = n CaCO3 = 0, 45 mol => n H2O =

n ankin = n CO2 n H2O
=> Vankin = 0,15.22, 4 = 3,36 lit. B dung

2. CT ankin l:
n CO2 = 3nankin. Vy ankin c 3 nguyn t cc bon=> C ng.
Ch : t chy ankin th thu c s mol CO2 ln hn s mol H2O v s mol
ankin chy bng hiu s mol CO2 v H2O.
Cu 15: t chy hon ton V lt (ktc) mt ankin thu c 10,8 gam H2O. Nu
cho tt c sn phm chy hp th ht vo nc vi trong th khi lng bnh tng
50,4 gam. Gi tr V l:
A. 6,72 lt
B. 3,36 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. 5,6 lt.
Bi gii:
Nc vi hp th c CO2 v H2O.
mCO2 + m H 2O = 50, 4 => m CO2 = 50, 4 10, 4 = 39,6 gam

=> n CO2 = 0,9 mol, n ankin = n CO2 n H 2O = 0,9
10,8
= 0,3 mol
18
Vankin = 0,3.22, 4 = 6,72 lit

A l p n ng.
II. bi ton p dng:
Cu 1 : Dn dng kh etilen vo bnh ng dung dch brm d thy khi lng

bnh tng ln 14 gam. Th tch lt kh etilen (ktc) l:
A. 11.2
B. 22.4
C. 33.6
D. 44.8
Cu 2 : Dn hn hp kh etilen v propan vo bnh ng dd brm thy c 16
gam brm tham gia phn ng. Khi lng to thnh l:
A. 9.9
B. 20.8
C. 18.8
D. 16.8
Cu 3 : Khi lng brm c th kt hp va vi 3.36 lt kh etilen (ktc) l:
A. 18
B. 24
C. 28
D. kt qu khc.
Cu 4 : t chy hon ton 7.54 gam iso butan trong lng xi va thu c sn
phm kh CO2 v H2O. Th tch ml kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l:
A. 224
B. 672
C. 336
D. kt qu khc.
Cu 5 : Khi sc ton b kh CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, O2 vo nc brom d sau khi
phn ng kt thc thu c sn phm kh cn li l:
A. CH4, C2H2, O2. B. C2H2, C2H4, C2H6.
C. CH4, C2H4, O2. D. CH4, C2H6, O2
Cu 6 : Mt ankan X c %C =75%. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. CH4.
B. C2H6.
C. C3H6.
D. Kt qu khc.
Cu 7 : Cho 2.8 gam mt olefin phn ng va vi nc brm thu c 9.2 gam
sn phm. Cng thc ca olefin l:
A. C2H4.
B. C3H6.
C. C4H8.
D. C5H10.
Cu 8 : Cho 11.2 gam mt anken phn ng va vi nc brm thu c 43.2
gam sn phm. Cng thc ca anken l:
A. C2H4.
B. C3H6.
C. C4H8.
D. C5H10.
Cu 9 : Oxi ho hon ton 0.68 gam mt ankadien X thu c 1.12 lt CO2 (ktc)
cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C5H8
B. C4H6
C. C3H4
D. C6H10
Cu 10 : t chy hon ton 5.4 gam mt ankadien lin hp X thu c 8.96 lt
CO2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH2 = CH- CH= CH2
B. CH2 = CH CH= CH CH3
C. CH2= CH- CH(CH3)= CH2.
D. CH2= C = CH CH3
Cu 11 : Cho etan, eten, etin ln lt tc dng vi H2, nc Br2, AgNO3/NH3, HCl(xt),
H2O: s phng trnh phn ng xy ra l:
A. 10
B. 9
C.8
D.7
Cu 12: phn bit ba bnh kh mt nhn: metan, etan, etin ta dng :
A. Qu+AgNO3/NH3 B. Qu + nc brom
C. Nc brom+AgNO3/NH3
D.
H2 v mui brm
Cu 13 : Dn 3.36 lt hn hp X gm propin va eten vo lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3 thy cn 0.84 lt kh thot ra v c m gam kt ta (cc kh
ktc)
1. Thnh phn phn trm th tch eten trong hn hp X l:
A. 25%
B. 45%
C. 60%
D. 75%
2. Gi tr m gam l:
A. 16.54
B. 11.25
C. 14.7
D. 37.5
Cu 14: S ng phn ankin C5H8 tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3
l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 15 : t chy hon ton 2.24 lt hirocacbon X thu oc 6.72 lt

CO2(ktc), X tc dng vi AgNO3 trong NH3 sinh ra kt ta Y. Cng thc X l:
A. C3H6.
B. C2H2.
C. C3H4.
D. C4H6.
Cu 16: S ng phn mch h C4H6 l:
A. 3
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 17 : t chy hon ton hn hp X, Y, Z thu c 3.36 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v
18 gam H2O. S mol ankin em t chy l:
A. 0.15
B. 0.25
C. 0.08
D. 0.05
Cu 18 : Cht no sau m trong phn t c lin kt n:
A. C2H4.
B. C2H6.
C. C6H6.
D. CH3COOH.
Cu 19 : Khi t chy hon ton 3.6 gam ankan X thu c 5.6 lt CO2 ( ktc).
Ct ca X l:
A. C3H8.
B. C4H10.
C. C5H10.
D. C5H12..
Cu 20 : xi ha hon ton 0.6 gam mt hp cht hu c X thu c 0.672 lt
kh CO2 (ktc) v 0.72 gam H 2O. Thnh phn % ca nguyn t oxi trong cht X
l:
A. 60%
B. 13.3%
C. 26.7%
D. 32%.
Cu 21 : Khi cho 23 kg toluen tc dng vi axit nitric c d (c xt H2SO4 c).
Gi s ton b toluen chuyn thnh 2-4-6 trinitro-toluen (TNT). Khi lng TNT thu
c l:
A. 55.67
B. 56.75
C. 67.55
D. 57.56.
Cu 22: Khi cho 23 kg toluen tc dng vi axit nitric c d (c xt H2SO4 c).
Gi s ton b toluen chuyn thnh 2-4-6 trinitro-toluen (TNT). Khi lng HNO3
tham gia phn ng l:
A. 42.57
B. 45.72
C. 47.25
D. 75.42.
Cu 23 : Ankylbenzen X c phn trm khi lng cc bon l 91.31%. Cng thc X
l:
A. C7H8.
B. C8H10.
C. C8H8.
D. C9H12.
Cu 24 : Hirocacbon X th lng c phn trm khi lng hiro gn bng
7.7%. X tc dng c vi dung dch brm. Ctpt ca X l:
A. C2H2.
B. C4H4.
C. C8H8.
D. C6H6.
Cu 25 : Hirocacbon X l cht lng c t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 3.17.
t chy hon ton X thu c CO2 c khi lng bng 4.28 ln khi lng H2O.
nhit thng X khng lm mt mu dung dch brm. Khi un nng X lm mt
mu dung dch KMnO4. Ctpt ca X l:
A. C7H8.
B. C8H10.
C. C8H8.
D. C9H12.
Cha kha vng 13
Phng php giI bi ton v iron v
hp cht ca iron
I. mt s ch khi giI bi ton v iron v hp cht ca iron.
a. Nm c c im cu to, cu hnh, v tr, , nhm, chu k.
b. Nm c tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, phng php iu ch ca

ca st.
c. Nm c mt s qung st quan trng nh: qung manhetit (Fe3O4),
qung hematit (Fe2O3), qung hematit nu (Fe2O3.nH2O), qung
xierit (FeCO3), qung pirit (FeS2)
d. Nm c tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, phng php iu ch ca
hp cht st nh: hp cht st (II), hp cht (III)
e. Nm c mt s phng php gii nhanh lin quan n st v hp cht ca
st.
II. bi ton p dng.
Bi ton 1. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C Khi B- 2007) Nung m gam bt Fe trong
oxi thu c 3 gam cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO 3 d thu c
5,6 lt NO ( ktc) (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2.52 gam
B. 1.96 gam.
C. 3.36 gam.
D. 2.10 gam.
Bi gii.
n NO =
0,56
56
= 0,025mol; n Fe = mol , nFe = m/56 mol
22, 4
m
Cch 1: p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng v bo ton in tch.

Da vo L BT KL ta c: m O = 3 m => n O =
Fe Fe3+ + 3e
;
m
3m
mol
56
56
O
+ 2e O 2
3 m
2(3 m)
16
16
3 m
mol
16
+2
+5
N + 3e N
...0,075 0,025mol
p dng L BT T
3m
2(3 m)
= 0,075 +
m = 2,52gam =>A ng.
56
16
Cch 2: p dng nh lut bo ton electron.

Fe - 3e Fe3+
x
3x
+5
N + 3e N+2 (NO)
0,075 0,025
p dng LBT e: 3x = 0,075 + 4y (1)

Mt khc: mX = mFe + m O2
56x+ 32y=3
(2)
O2 + 4e 2O-2
T (1) v (2)
4y
x = 0,045
y = 0,015
m = 56 0,045 = 2,52g A ng
Cch 3: p dng phng php quy i cht rn X v Fe, Fe2O3
0,025mol
0,025mol
n NO =
0, 56
= 0, 025mol
22, 4
m Fe2O3 = 3 - 0,025 .56 = 1,6gam n Fe(trong Fe2O3 ) =

mFe = 56(0,025 + 0,02) = 2,52 gam A ng
Ch : Nu n Fe(trong Fe2O3 ) =
1, 6
= 0, 02mol
160
1, 6
= 0, 01mol mFe = 56.(0,035) = 1,96gB sai Cch 4:
160
p dng phng php quy i cht rn X v FeO, Fe2O3

3.0,025
0,025
mFeO = 3.0,025 . 72 = 5,4g n Fe(FeO) =
m Fe2O3 = 3 - 5,4 = -2,4g
n Fe(Fe2O3 ) =
5, 4
= 0, 075mol
72
2.(2, 4)
4,8
=
= 0, 03mol
160
160
mFe = 56 .(0,075 + (-0,03)) = 2,525 gam A ng

Ch : + Kt qu m ta vn tnh bnh thng v y l phng php quy i
+ Nu n Fe(Fe2O3 ) = 0,015mol mFe = 56.0,06 = 3,36g C sai
Cch 5: p dng phng php quy i cht rn X v FeXOY
3FexOy + (12x - 2y)HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 +(3x-2y)NO + (6x -y)H2O
3.0,025
3x 2y
0,025mol
3
3.0, 025
x 3
=
= m Fe3O2 = 200
56x + 16y 3x 2y
y 2
3.56.3
= 2, 52g A ng
m Fe(oxit ) =
200
= 2,1g D sai
Ch : Nu m Fe2O3 = 160 m Fe = 3.2.56
160
n Fex O y =
m Fe =
7.m hh + 56.n e 7.3 + 56.0,025.3

=
= 2,52gam => A ng
10
10
Bi ton 2: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C- Khi A-2007). Ho tan 5.6 gam Fe bng
dung dch H2SO4 long thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va vi V ml
dung dch KMnO4 0.5 M. Gi tr V ml l:
A. 20 ml
B. 40 ml
C. 60 ml
D. 80 ml
Bi gii
n Fe =
5,6
= 0,1mol ;
56
Fe - 2e Fe2+
0,1 0,2
0,1
Fe2+ - 1e Fe3+
0,1 0,1
0,1
Mn+7 + 5e Mn2+
x
5x
p dng LBT E: 5x = 0,1 x =
VKMnO4 =
0,1
= 0,02
5
0,02
= 0,04lit = 40ml B ng
0,5
Bi ton 3: Trch thi tuyn sinh H C- Khi B-2008). Nung mt hn hp rn

gm a mol FeCO3 v b mol FeS2 trong bnh kn cha khng kh d, sau khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u th c cht rn duy nht l
Fe2O3 v hn hp kh. Bit p sut trc v sau phn ng u bng nhau. Mi lin h
gia v b l: ( bit sau cc phn ng lu hunh c s xi ha +4, th tch cc cht rn
khng ng k)
A. a=0,05b
B. a=b
C. a=4b
D. a=2b
Bi gii:
2FeCO3 Fe 2O 3
a
a mol mol
a b
2
p dng LBT nguyn t st ta c: =
2FeS2 Fe2 O3
2 2
b
b mol mol
2
a = b B ng
Ch : + Nu p dng LBT E :
Fe2+ Fe3+ 1e
(a + b)
(a + b)
S1 S+4 + 5e
b
5b
a +b =5b a = 4b C sai (do cha bit s mol (oxi)

Bi ton 4. ( Trch thi tuyn sinh H C- Khi A- 2008). Cho 11.36 gam hn hp
gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dd HNO 3 long d thu c 1.344 lt
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X sau
phn ng c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 34.36 gam.
B. 35.50 gam.
C. 49.09 gam
D. 38.72 gam.
Bi gii.
n NO =
1, 344
= 0, 06mol; nFe = m/56 mol
22, 4
Cch 1. p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng v bo ton in tch.

Da vo LBTKL ta c: m O = 11,36 m => n O =
11,36 m
mol
16
Fe Fe3+ + 3e
m
3m

mol
56
56
O
+
2e O 2
11,36
m
2(11,36
m)
16
16
+2
+5
N
+
3e
...0,18 0,06mol
p dng LBTT
3m
2(11,36 m)
= 0,18 +
m = 8,96gam
56
16
m muoi = m Fe + m NO = 8,96 + 62.3.n Fe =
3
= 8,96 + 62.3.
8.96
= 38,72 gam => D dung
56
Cch 2: Quy i hn hp v hai cht: Fe, Fe2O3

Ho tan hn hp vi HNO3 long d 1,344 lt NO
(1)
0,06mol
0,06mol
0,06mol
Fe2O3
0,05
n NO =
2Fe(NO3)3
0,1mol
(2)
1, 344
= 0, 06mol;
22, 4
T (1) mFe = 56 . 0,06 = 3,36 g

n Fe2O3 =
m Fe2O3 = 11, 36 3, 36 = 8g
8
= 0, 05mol mX = 242 (0,06 + 0,1) = 38,72g D ng
160
Cch 3: Quy hn hp v hai cht: FeO, Fe2O3

0,18
0,18mol
0,06
Fe2O3
2Fe(NO3)3
-0,01
-0,02
mFeO = 12,96g; m Fe2O3 = 1, 6g
m Fe(NO3 )3 = 242(0,18 + 0,02) = 38,72g D ng

Cch 4: Quy hn hp v mt cht FexOy
3FexOy + (12x - 2y)HNO3 3xFe(NO3)3 + (3x - 2y)NO + (6x-y)H2O
3.0,06
3x 2y
3.x.0,06
3x 2y
0,06
11, 36
0, 06.3
x 16
=
150x = 160y =
56x + 16y 3x 2y
y 15
3.16.0, 06
=
.242 = 38, 72g D ng
3.16 2.15
n Fex Oy =
m Fe(NO3 )3
7.m hh + 56.n e 7.11,36 + 56.0,06.3

=
= 8,96gam
10
10
8,96
n Fe( NO3 )3 = n Fe =
= 0,16mol, m Fe(NO3 )3 = 0,16.242 = 38,72gam
56
m Fe =
=> D ng
Cch 6. Ly cc p n em chia cho khi lng mol ca mui l 242 th cc s u l
nhng ch c p n D l s khng l l 0,16
Bi ton 5: m gam bt st ngoi khng kh 1 thi gian thu c 11,8 gam hn hp
cc cht rn FeO, Fe2O3, Fe, Fe3O4 . Ho tan hon ton hn hp bng dung dch
HNO3 long thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr m gam l:
A: 9,52 gam
B: 9,94 gam
C: 8,96 gam
D: 8,12 gam
Bi gii:
n Fe =
m
11,8 m
; n O2 (p- ) =
; n NO(gp) = 0,1mol
56
32
Cht kh l Fe;
FeO
- 3e Fe3+
3m
m
56
56
Cht oxi ho gm O2 v HNO3
O 2 + 4e 2O 211, 8 m
32
N+5
11, 8 m
.4
8.4
+ 3e N+2 (NO)
0,3
0,1
ne nhng = ne cht oxi ho nhn (O2 , NO3 )
3m 11,8 m
=
+ 0, 3 m = 9,94 gam B ng
56
8
Bi ton 6: : Chia 44 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M c ho tr khng i thnh 2

phn bng nhau.
- P1 tan ht trong 2 lt dung dich HCl to ra 14.56 lt H2 ktc.
- P2 tan hon ton trong dung dich HNO3 long nng thy thot ra 11.2 lt kh NO duy
nht ktc.
1. Nng mol ca dung dich HCl l:
A. 0.45 M
B. 0.25 M
C. 0.55 M
D. 0.65 M.
2. Khi lng hn hp mui clorua khan thu c khi c cn dung dch sau p P1 l:
A. 65.54 gam
B. 68.15 gam
C. 55.64 gam
D. 54.65 gam.
3. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 49.01 %
B. 47.97 %
C. 52.03 %
D. 50.91 %.
4. Kim loi M l:
A. Mg
B. Zn
C. Al
D. Cu.
Bi gii:
a) n H 2 = 0,65mol n HCl = 2n H 2 = 2.0,65 = 1,3mol
1,3
= 0,65M p n D ng
2
= m KL + m Cl . Trong : n Cl = n HCl = 1,3mol
CM =
b) m mui
mmui = 22 + 1,3 . 35,5 = 68,15g
c) p dng nh lut bo ton e:
P1: Fe:
Fe - 2e Fe2+
x
2x
M - ae Ma+
y
ay
+
2H + 2e H2
1,3
0,65
Fe 3e
x
3x
Fe3+
2x + ay = 1,3 x = 0,2
3x + ay = 1,5
ay = 0,9
M - ae Ma+
N+5 + 3e N+2 (NO)
1,5 0,5
nFe = 0,2 %m Fe =
d)
p n B
0,2.56
.100% = 50,91%
22
D ng
mM = 22 - 0,2 . 56 = 10,8 gam
nM = y =
0,9
m 10,8.a
; M= =
= 12a Vy a = 2; M = 24(Mg) l ph hp
a
n
0,9
Bi ton 7: Cho tan hon ton 3.6 gam hn hp gm Fe v Mg trong dung dch HNO 3
2M long nng thu c dung dch D, 0.04 mol kh NO v 0.01 mol NO 2 . Cho dung
dch D tc dng vi NaOH ly d, lc v nung kt ta n khi lng khng i thu c
m gam cht rn.
1. Gi tr m l
A. 2.6 gam
B. 3.6 gam
C. 5.2 gam
D. 7.8 gam.
2. Th tch HNO3 phn ng l:
A. 0.5 lt
B. 0.24 lt
C. 0.26 lt
D. 0.13 lt.
Bi gii:
+5
a)
HNO3 l cht oxi ho:
N + 3e NO
0,12 0,04 mol
+5
2N + 8e 2M+1 (N2O)
0,08 0,02 0,01mol
ne nhn = 0,12 + 0,08 = 0,2mol .
- Mg v Fe l cht kh. Gi x, y l s mol Mg v Fe trong hn hp
Mg - 2e Mg3+
x
2x mol
Fe - 3e Fe
y
ne nhng = 2x + 3y
3+
3y mol
24x + 56y = 3,6 x = 0,01mol Mg 0,01molMgO
2x + 3y = 0,2
y = 0,06mol Fe 0,03mol Fe 2O3
Ta c h phng trnh:
m = m MgO + m Fe2O3 = 0,01.40 + 0,03.160 = 5,2g

Ch : Ta c th tnh theo cch sau: Ta c s : Mg MgO; Fe Fe2O3. Trong
Mg v Fe l cht kh, oxi l cht oxi ho, s mol e nhn vn l 0,2mol:
O + 2e O20,1 0,2
m = mMg, Fe + MO = 3,6 + 16. 0,1 = 5,2gam C ng
b)
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t N ta c:
n N(HNO3 ) = n N(NO3 ) + n N(NO) + n N(N 2O)
Hay n HNO3 = 2n Mg(NO3 )2 + 3n Fe(NO3 )3 + n NO + 2n N 2O
= 2.0,01 +
VHNO3 =
3.0,06
+ 0,04 + 2.0,01= 0,26
0,26
= 0,13 lt D ng
2
Bi ton 8: Cho lung kh CO qua m gam bt Fe2O3 nung nng thu c 14 gam hn
hp X gm 4 cht rn . Cho hn hp X ha tan hon ton bng HNO3 d, thu c 2.24
lt kh NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m l:
A. 16.4 gam.
B. 14.6 gam.
C. 8.2 gam
D. 20.5 gam.
Bi gii:
CO l cht kh (ta coi Fe2O3 khng tham gia vo phn ng oxi ho kh)
moxi(trong oxit) = m - 14g.
nCO = nO(oxit) =
m 14
16
C+2 + 2e C+4
m 14
16
m 14
8
- HNO3 l cht oxi ho: N+5 + 3e N+2

0,3 0,1mol
Ta c:
m 14
= 0,3 m = 16,4g
8
A ng
Bi ton 9: Cho lung kh CO qua m gam bt Fe2O3 nung nng thu c X gm 4 cht
rn. chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
- Phn 1 ho tan bng HNO3 d, thu c 0.02 mol kh NO v 0.03 mol N2O.
- Phn 2 ho tan hon ton trong dung dch H 2SO4 c nng thu c V lt SO2
(ktc). Gi tr V l:
A. 2.24 lt
B. 3.36 lt
C. 4.48 lt
D. 6.72 lt.
Bi gii:
HNO3 l cht xi ha:
N+5 + 3e N+2
0,06
2N
+5
0,02mol
+ 8e 2N (N2O)
+1
0,24
0,06
ne nhn = 0,06 + 0,24 = 0,3mol
0,03
- Cht xi ha hai phn l nh nhau, do s mol eletron H2SO4 nhn bng s

mol eletron HNO3 nhn. Ta c
S+6 + 2e S+4 (SO 2 )

VSO2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 lt B ng
0,3
0,15
Bi ton 10: Cho tan hon ton 7.2 gam FexOy trong HNO3 thu c 0.1 mol NO2 . Cng
thc phn t ca xit l:
A. FeO,
B. Fe2O3
C. Fe3O4
D. kt qu khc.
Bi gii:
+5
+4
N + 1e N ..(NO2) ,
FexOy l cht kh
0,1
0,1
0,1
+2y
x.Fe x
2y
7,2
x. 3 e x.Fe3+
(3x 2y) = 0,1
x
56x + 16y
7,2
7,2
>
(3x 2y) 16x = 16y x = y FeO A ng
56x + 16y
56x + 16y
Bi ton 11: Cho tan hon ton 3.76 gam hn hp X dng bt gm: S, FeS v FeS 2
trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 0.48 mol NO2 v dung dch dung dch D. Cho dung dch
D tc dng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, lc v nung kt ta n khi lng khng i c m
gam cht hn hp rn. Gi tr m gam l:
A. 11.650
B. 12.815
C. 13.980
D. 19.945.
Bi gii:
+2 1
2+
-2
Fe S2 tng ng vi Fe . S . S0, V vy c th coi hn hp X gm hai cht S
v FeS c s mol a v b ta c: S gam: X = 32a + 88b = 3,76 (I)
Cht kh: S0 - 6e S+6
a 6a
FeS-2 - 9e Fe3+ + S+6
b
9b
Cht oxi ho:
N+5 + 1e N+4 (NO2)
0,48
0,48
Ta c: 6a + 9b = 0,4 8 (II)
T (I) v (II):
a = 0,035 mol S
b = 0,03 mol FeS
n BaSO4 = n SO2 = n S + n FeS = 0,035 + 0,03 = 0,065mol

4
m BaSO4 = 0,065.233 = 15,145g cht rn cn c Fe2O3. ta c

m Fe2O3 = 0,015.2.160 = 4,8gam m= 15,145+ 4,8=19,945 gam (D ng)
Bi ton 12: Hn hp cht rn A gm 16 gam Fe2O3 v 23.2 gam Fe3O4. Ho tan
hon ton A bng dung dch HCl d thu c dd B. Cho NaOH d vo B, thu c
kt ta C. Lc ly kt ta, ra sch ri em nung trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c m gam cht rn D. Gi tr m l:
A. 80 gam.
B. 32.8 gam.
C. 40 gam
Bi gii:
D. 16 gam.
Fe3O 4 + 8HCl FeCl 2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H 2O

16
n
HCl +NaOH NaCl +H 2O
=
= 0,1mol
Fe2O3 160
FeCl 2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH) 2 + 2NaCl
23, 2
n
=
= 0,1mol
FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH) 3 + 3NaCl
Fe3O4
232
4Fe(OH) 2 + 2H 2O + O 2 4Fe(OH)3
2Fe(OH)3 Fe 2O 3 + 3H 2O
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi st ta c:

Fe 2 O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H 2O
nFe (trong D) = 0,1 . 2 + 0,1 . 3 = 0,5 mol n D =
0,5
= 0, 25mol
2
mD = 0,25 x 160 = 40 gam C ng

Ch : + Nu mD = 0,5 . 160 = 80 gam A sai
+ Nu mD = 0,1 . 112 + 0,1 . 168 + 0,1 . 48 = 32,8 gam B sai
+ Nu mD = 0,1 . 160 = 16 gam D sai
Bi ton 13: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4 bng HNO3
c, nng thu c 4.48 lt kh NO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c 145.2
gam mui khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 23.2 gam.
B. 46.4 gam.
C. 64.2 gam
D. 26.4 gam.
Bi gii:
t a, b, c l s mol ca FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4
N +5 + 1e N +4 (NO 2 )
Fe 1e > Fe
4, 48
0, 2
= 0, 2mol
a + c (a + c)mol
22,
4
2+
3+
a + c = 0,2 mol: mui Fe(NO3)3 c s mol l:
n Fe( NO3 )3 = n FeO + 2n Fe2O3 + 3Fe3O 4 = a + 2b + 3c = (a + c) + 2(b + c)
+ Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t st: n Fe( NO3 )3 =
0,6 0, 2
= 0, 2mol
2
= 72a + 160b + 232c
145, 2
= 0,6mol
242
(a + c) + 2 (b + c) = 0,6 b + c =
m = m FeO + m Fe3O4 + m FeO
= 72(a + c) + 160 (b + c) = 72.0,2 + 160 . 0,2 = 46,4g B ng

Bi ton 14: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, cn 0,05
mol H2. Mt khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam X trong dung dch H2SO4 c thu c
V ml SO2 (ktc). Gi tr V l:
A.112 ml
B. 224 ml
C. 336 ml
D. 448 ml.
Bi gii:
Cch 1: Quy i hn hp X v hn hp hai cht FeO v Fe2O3 vi s mol l x, y
0
t
Ta c: FeO + H 2
Fe + H 2 O
x
x
x
Fe2O3 + 3H2 2Fe + 3H2O
(1)
(2)
3y
2y
x + 3y = 0, 05
x = 0, 02mol
72x + 160y = 3, 04 y = 0, 01mol
T (1) v (2) ta c:
2FeO + 4 H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O

(3)
0,02mol
0,01mol
Vy VSO2 = 0,01 22,4 = 0,224 lt hay 224ml B ng
Ch : Nu (3) khng cn bng: VSO2 = 0,02 22,4 = 0,448 lt = 448ml D sai
Cch 2: p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t
Gi x, y z l s mol ca FeO, Fe3O4 , Fe2O3 :
Bn cht ca qu trnh kh trn l H2 s ly O trong oxt to thnh nc theo
s :
O (trong oxt) + H2 H2O
0,05
0,05 0,05
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi oxi ta c:
x + 4y + 3z = 0,05
(1)
x + 2y + 2z =
3,04 16.0,05
= 0,04mol
56
(2)
Ly (1) - (2) ta c: y + z = 0,01

T ta th vo (1) hoc (2) x + y = 0,02
Trong cc oxit st th ch c FeO, Fe3O4 phn ng vi H2SO4 c SO2
2FeO + 4 H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4 H2O
(3)
x
x/2
2Fe3O4 + 10 H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 10 H2O
(4)
y
y/2
x + y 0,02
=
= 0,01mol
2
2
= 0,01.22, 4 = 0, 224l = 224ml B ng
T (3) v (4) ta suy ra: n SO2 =

VSO2
Ch : Nu khng cn bng (3) v (4) n SO2 = x + y = 0,02

V = 448ml D sai
n O = n H = 0,05mol, m O = 0,05.16 = 0,8gam

10.22, 4 7.3,04
= 0,01mol
n e =
56.2
mFe = mxit mO =2,24 gam =>
Vso 2 = 0,01.22, 4 = 0, 224lit = 224ml
B ng
Bi ton 15: Cho 7.68 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 vo 260 ml dung dch
HCl 1M v ta thu c dung dch Y. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch Y thu c
kt ta Z. em nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam
cht rn G. Gi tr m l.
A. 18 gam
B. 8 gam.
C. 32 gam
D. kt qu khc.
Bi gii:
Khi cho hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi HCl th bn cht
2H+ + O2- H2O

0,26 0,13 0,13
mO = 0,13 . 16 = 2,08 gam
mFe (trong oxt) = 7,68 - 16. 0,13 = 5,6 gam n Fe =
Sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh trn l: Fe2O3
5,6
= 0,1mol
56
FeO
Fe 2 O3 FeCl2 Fe(OH) 2 Fe(OH)3 Fe 2O3

Fe O
FeCl3
Fe(OH)3
3 4
0,1
= 0,05mol m Fe2O3 = 0, 05.160 = 8gam B ng
n Fe2O3 =
2
Ch : - Nu n Fe2O3 = 0,1mol m Fe2O3 = 16gam A sai
- Nu n Fe2O3 = 0, 2mol m Fe2O3 = 32gam C sai
7,68 32.0,13
0, 06 l , kt qu khc
- Nu mO = 0,13 . 32 = 4,16 n Fe =
56
Bi ton 16: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 11.2 gam Fe v 16 gam Fe2O3 vo HNO3
long d th thu c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi NaOH ri lc kt ta nung trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l:
A. 16 gam
B. 32 gam
C. 64g
D. kt qu khc.
Bi gii:
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t Fe ta c: nFe = 0,2 + 0,1 .2 = 0,4M
n Fe2O3 =
1
0, 4
n Fe =
= 0, 2mol m Fe2O3 = 0, 2.160 = 32gam B ng
2
2
Bi ton 17:
Cho tan hon ton 8 gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS 2 trong 290 ml
dung dch HNO3 thu c kh NO v dng dch Y. tc dng ht vi cc cht trong
dung dch Y cn 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M. Kt ta to thnh em nung ngoi
khng kh n khi lng khng i c 32.03 gam cht rn Z.
1.
Khi lng FeS v FeS2 ln lt l:
A. 3.6 gam v 4.4 gam
B. 4.4 gam v 3.6 gam
C.2.2 gam v 5.8 gam
D. 4.6 gam v 3.4 gam.
2. Th tch lt kh NO ktc thu c l:
A. 1.12
B. 2.24
C. 3.36
D. 6.72.
3. Nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 dng l:
A. 0.5 M
B. 1 M
C. 1.5 M
D. 2 M.
Bi gii:
i vi bi ny p dng rt nhiu phng php: BTKL, BTNT, BT E
1. p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i Fe v S.
Ta c: xmol - FeS v y mol FeS2 0,5(x + y)mol Fe2O3 v (x + 2y)mol BaSO4
x = 0,05
88x + 120y = 8
88x + 120y = 8
160 . 0,5(x + y) + 233 (x +2y) = 32,03 313 +546y = 32,03

y = 0,03
mFeS = 88x = 88 . 0,05 = 4,4g; m FeS2 = 8-4,4 = 3,6 B ng

2.
p dng LBT E:
0, 05 0, 45mol
+3
+6 3x = 0, 45 +0, 45
FeS2 15e Fe + 2S
D ng
0, 03 0, 45mol
x = 0,3 VNO = 6,72
NO3 + 3e NO
3x
xmol
FeS 9e Fe +3 + S+6
3:
n Fe3+ = x + y = 0,08 . lm kt ta ht lng Fe3+ cn 0,24 mol OH- hay 0,12mol
Ba(OH)2, kt ta (x + 2y) = 0,11 mol SO 24 cn 0,11 mol Ba2+ hay 0,11mol Ba(OH)2,
n Ba (OH)2 dng = 0,11 + 0,12 = 0,23 < 0,25mol

Cn: 0,25 - 0,23 = 0,02mol Ba(OH)2 trung ho 0,04 mlol HNO3 d
n HNO3 ( p- ) = n NO + n NO + n HNO3 (d - ) = 0,08.3 + 0,3 + 0,04 = 0,58mol

3
C M(HNO3 ) =
0,58
= 2M D ng
0, 29
Bi ton 18: Thi 8.96 kh CO qua ng s ng 16 gam Fe xOy, nung nng thu c m
gam cht rn. Ton b kh thot ra sc vo nc vi trong d thy c 30 gam kt ta
trng. Gi tr m gam l:
A. 9.2 gam
B. 9.6 gam
C. 6.5 gam
D. 11.2 gam
yCO + Fe x O y xFe + yCO 2 (1)
Bi gii:
;
n CO =
8,96
= 0, 4mol
22, 4
ymol...1mol....... xmol...ymol
CO 2 + Ba(OH) 2 CaCO3 + H 2 O (2);
30
n CO2 = n CaCO3 =
= 0,3mol n CO2 = 0,3mol
100
n CO = 0, 4 > n CO2 = 0,3 CO d cn FexOy ht
p dng LBTKL ta c: m Fex O y = m CO = m Fe + m CO2

16 + 28. 0,3 = mFe +0,3 . 44 mFe = 11,2g D ng
Phn tch bi ton: Nu ta p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ngay:
mCO + m Fex Oy = m Fe + m CO2
mFe = 16 + 28 . 0,4 - 0,4. 44 = 9,6 B sai

Bi ton 19: Cho ha tan hon ton a gam Fe3O4 trong dung dch HCl, thu c dung
dch D. Cho D tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc kt ta ngoi khng kh n
khi lng khng i na, thy khi lng kt ta tng ln 3,4 gam. em nung kt ta
n khi lng khng i c b gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a, b ln lt l:
A. 48 gam v 46,4 gam
B. 69,6 gam v 32 gam
C. 32 gam v 69,6 gam
D. 46,4 gam v 48 gam
Bi gii:
Phng trnh phn ng:
Fe3O4 + 8HCl 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4H2O
FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaOH
FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaOH

4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3
t0
2Fe(OH)3
Fe2O3 + 3H2O
Ta c:
1mol Fe(OH)2 1mol Fe(OH)3 thm 1mol OH khi lng tng ln 17gam
0,2mol Fe(OH)2 0,2mol Fe(OH)3 thm 1mol OH khi lng tng ln 3,4gam
n FeO = n Fe2O3 = n Fe(OH)2 = 0, 2mol; 0, 2mol Fe3O 4 0, 3molFe 2 O3
a = 232 . 0,2 = 46,4 gam; b = 160 . 0,3 = 48gam D ng

Bi ton 20: Cho dng kh CO qua mt oxit st nhit cao, sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton khi lng cht rn gim i 27,58 %. Cng thc oxit st dng l:
A. FeO
B. Fe3O4
C. Fe2O3
D. Fe4O3.
Bi gii:
p dng phng php tng gim khi lng: Khi lng cht rn gim i 27,58%
chnh l oxi.
Cng thc oxit st: FexOy: 27, 58 =
16y
x 3
.100 = Fe3O4 B ng
56x + 16y
y 4
16
.100 = 22, 22% (khng tho mn)
72
64
.100 = 27, 58%
+ B: Fe3O4: %O =
(tho mn d kin)
232
48
.100 = 30%
+ C: Fe2O3: %O =
(khng tho mn)
160
48
.100 = 17, 64% (khng tho mn)
+ D: Fe4O3: %O =
272
Bi ton 21: X l qung hematit cha 6% Fe 2O3, Y l qung manhett cha 69,9%
Fe3O4. Trn m1 tn qung X vi m2 tn qung Y thu c qung Z, m t mt tn
qung Z c th iu ch c 0,5 tn gang cha 4% cacbon. T l m1/m2 l
A) 5:2
B) 5:6
C) 2:5
D) 2:2,9
Bi gii:
S gam Fe trong 1 tn ca mi qung l:
60
112
.1000.
= 420(kg)
+ Qung X cha:
100
160
69,6
168
.1000.
= 504(kg)
+ Qung Y cha:
100
232
4
+ Qung Z cha: 500 1

= 480(kg)
100
p dng phng php ng cho:
Ch : + A: FeO: %O =
mXM
= .....4 2 0
5 0 4 -4 8 0 = 2 4
mMZ Z = 4 8 0
mYM
= .....5 0 4
4 8 0 -4 2 0 = 6 0
m X 24 2
=
=
p n C ng
m Y 60 5
mX 5
=
Ch :
+ Nu
A sai
mY 2
m X 420 5
=
=
+ Nu
B sai
m Y 504 6
m X 160
=
= 2 : 2,6 D sai
+ Nu
m Y 232
+ Bi ny c th s dng nhiu phng php song phng php ng cho nhanh

v n gin hn nhiu. Nh vy ta xem qung nh mt dung dch m cht tan l kim
loi ang xt, v nng ca cht tan chnh l hm lng % v khi lng ca kim loi
trong qung.
III. bi t0n t gii.
Bi 1: kh hon ton 30 gam hn hp gm CuO, FeO, Fe 2O3, Fe, MgO cn dng
5.6 lt kh CO (ktc). Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l:
A. 22 gam
B. 24 gam
C. 26 gam
D. 28 gam
Bi 2: Ho tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp Fe v Mg trong dung dch HCl d thu c 1
gam kh H2. Khi c cn dung dch mui thu c khi lng gam mui khan l:
A. 54.5 gam
B. 55.5 gam
C. 56.5 gam
D. 57.5 gam.
Bi 3: Ho tan hn hp gm 0.5 gam Fe v mt kim loi ho tr II trong dung dch HCl
d thu c 1.12 lt kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi ho tr II l:
A. Mg
B. Ca
C. Zn
D. Be.
Bi 4: kh hon ton 23.2 gam mt oxit kim loi, cn dng 8.96 lt hir(ktc). Kim
loi l:
A. Mg.
B. Cu.
C. Fe.
D. Ba.
Bi 5: Ho tan hon ton 0.28 gam Fe vo dung dch Ag NO3 d th khi lng cht rn
thu c l:
A. 1.08 gam.
B. 2.16 gam.
C. 3.24 gam.
D. 1.56 gam.
Bi 6: Cho 0.56g st tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c th tch kh H2 (ktc) l:
A. 0.112 lt
B. 0.224 lt
C. 0.336 lt
D. 6.72 lt
Bi 7: Cho kh Clo (ktc) tc dng va vi 11.2 gam st to thnh mui FeCl3.
Th tch kh Cl2 cn dng l:
A. 2.24 lt
B. 3.36 lt
C. 6.72 lt
D. 8.96 lt
Bi 8: Cho 1.6 gam Fe2O3 tc dng vi axit HCl d. Khi lng mui trong dung dch sau
phn ng l:
A. 3.25 gam
B. 1.62 gam
C. 2.12 gam
D. 4.24 gam
Bi 9: Ho tan m gam hh bt Fe v FeO bng mt lng dung dch HCl v thy thot
ra 1.12 lt kh (ktc) v thu c dung dch D. Cho D tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d,
lc ly kt ta tch ra em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c
cht rn nng 12 gam: Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4.6 gam
B. 5.0 gam
C. 9.2 gam
D. 10.0 gam
Bi 10: Ho tan 2.4 gam mt oxit st va 90 ml dd HCl 1M. Cng thc ca oxit st
ni trn l:
A. FeO
B. Fe2O3
C. Fe3O4
D. Fe3O2.
Bi 11: 9,94 gam bt st ngoi khng kh mt thi gian thu c a gam hn hp cc

cht rn FeO, Fe2O3, Fe, Fe3O4 . Ho tan hon ton hn hp bng dung dch
HNO3 long thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr a gam l:
A: 11,8 gam
B: 16,2 gam
C: 23,2 gam
D: 13,6 gam
Bi 12: Ho tan hon ton 1,74 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg trong dung dch HCl
thy thot ra 1,344 lt kh, nu cho mt lng gp i hn hp trn tc dng vi dung
dch CuSO4 d, lc ly ton b cht rn thu c sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch
HNO3 nng d, thu c V lt kh NO2 ktc. Gi tr V l:
A. 16,128 lit
B. 26,88 lt
C. 53.76 lt
D. 8,046 lt.
Cha kha vng 11.

Phng php nh lut bo ton in tch.
I. Ni dung phng php .
1. Trong phn ng trao i ion ca dung dch cht in li trn c s ca nh
lut bo ton in tch ta thy c bao nhiu in tch tch dng hoc in tch
m ca cc ion chuyn vo trong kt ta hoc khi tch ra khi dung dch th phi tr
li cho dung dch by nhiu in tch m hoc in tch dng.
2.Tng in tch dng bng tng in tch m. Hay tng s mol in tch
dng bng tng s mol in tch m.
3. Trong cc phn ng oxi ha kh th tng s mol e do cc cht kh nhng
bng tng s mol e do cc cht oxi ha nhn.
4. Mt hn hp nhiu kim loi c ha tr khng i v c khi lng cho trc s
phi nhng mt s e khng i cho bt k tc nhn oxi ha no.
II. Phm vi s dng.
nh lut bo ton in tch c p dng trong cc trng nguyn t, phn t
dung dch trung ho in.
Xc nh khi lng cht rn sau khi c cn mt dung dch khi bit s mol ca
cc ion trong dung dch, xc nh lng mol, nng ca ion no khi bit lng
ca ion khc.
III. Bi ton p dng.
Bi ton 1. ( Trch thi tuyn sinh H C- Khi A- 2008). Cho 11.36 gam hn hp
gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dd HNO3 long d thu c 1.344 lt
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X sau phn
ng c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 34.36 gam.
B. 35.50 gam.
C. 49.09 gam
D. 38.72 gam.
Bi gii.
n NO =
1, 344
= 0, 06mol; nFe = m/56 mol
22, 4
Da vo LBTKL ta c: m O = 11,36 m => n O =
11,36 m
mol
16
Fe Fe3+ + 3e
m
3m
mol;
56
56
2e
O 2
11,36 m
2(11,36 m)
16
16
+5
+2
N + 3e N
...0,18 0,06mol
p dng LBTT
3m
2(11,36 m)
= 0,18 +
m = 8,96gam
56
16
m muoi = m Fe + m NO = 8,96 + 62.3.n Fe =
3
= 8,96 + 62.3.
8.96
= 38,72 gam => D dung
56
7.m hh + 56.n e 7.11,36 + 56.0,06.3

=
= 8,96gam
10
10
8,96
n Fe( NO3 )3 = n Fe =
= 0,16mol, m Fe(NO3 )3 = 0,16.242 = 38,72gam
56
m Fe =
=> D ng
Cch 3. Ly cc p n em chia cho khi lng mol ca mui l 242 th cc s u l
nhng ch c p n D l s khng l l 0,16
Chng ta c th gii nhiu cch khc nhau, song tc gi ch gii minh ha theo
phng php .
Bi ton 2. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C Khi B- 2007) Nung m gam bt Fe trong
oxi thu c 3 gam cht rn X. ho btan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO 3 d thu c 5,6 lt NO ( ktc) (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,52 gam
B. 2,22 gam
C. 2,62 gam
D. 2,32 gam.
Bi gii.
0,56
56
= 0,025mol; n Fe = mol nFe = m/56 mol
22, 4
m
3 m
mol
Da vo LBTKL ta c: m O = 3 m => n O =
16
Fe Fe3+ + 3e
m
3m
mol;
56
56
n NO =
3m
16
+5
2e
O 2
2(3 m)
16
+2
N + 3e N
...0,075 0,025mol
p dng LBTT
3m
2(3 m)
= 0,075 +
m = 2,52gam =>A ng.
56
16
m Fe =
7.m hh + 56.n e 7.3 + 56.0,025.3

=
= 2,52gam => A ng
10
10
Bi ton 3. Ly 7,88 gam hn hp gm 2 kim loi hot ng X, Y c ha tr khng i

chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 nung trong xi d xi ha hon ton thu c 4,74 hn hp 2 xt.
- Phn 2 ha tan hon ton trong dung dch cha 2 axit HCl v H 2SO4 long thu
c V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr V l:
A. 1,12 lt
B. 2,24 lt
C. 1,68 lt
D. 3,36 lt.
Bi gii.
Khi lng mi phn:
7,88:2=3,94 gam. S mol O kt hp vi 3,94 gam hn hp kim loi:
4,74 3,94
= 0,05mol
16
Qu trnh to xit:
O + 2e O 2
0,05 0,1mol
Theo LBTT th phn 2:
2H + + 2e H 2
......0,1mol 0,05mol
= 0,05.22, 4 = 1,12 => A dung
Vy VH 2
Bi ton 4. Dung dch X c cha 5 ion: Mg 2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, 0.1 mol Cl -. v 0.2 mol NO3-,
thm dn V ml dung dch Na 2CO3 1 M vo X n khi c lng kt ta ln nht. Gi tr
V ml l:
A. 450 ml
B. 600 ml
C. 300 ml
D. 150 ml
Bi gii.
Phng trnh ion rt gn xy ra:
Mg 2+ + CO32- = MgCO3.
Ba 2+ + CO32- = BaCO3.
Ca 2+ + CO32- = CaCO3.
Khi phn ng kt thc cc kt ta tch khi dung dch, phn dung dch cha Na+,
Cl- v NO-3 . trung ho v in tch th
nNa+ = nCl + nNO = 0,3mol

3
VddNa 2CO3 =
n Na +
2. Na +
0,3
= 0,15lit = 150ml => D ng.
2
Ch :
+ Na 2CO3 = 2.Na + + CO32 => n Na CO =
2
3
+ Nu VNa 2CO3 =
+ Nu VNa 2CO3
n Na +
n Na +
2
= 0.15mol
0,3
= 0,3lit = 300ml => C sai
1
Na
2n Na + 0,3.2
=
=
= 0,6lit = 600ml => B sai
Na +
1
Bi ton 5. Chia hn hp hai kim loi X v Y c ho tr khng i thnh hai phn bng
nhau:
+ Phn mt tan ht trong dung dch HCl to ra 1.792 lt H2 (ktc)
+ Phn hai nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 2.84 gam cht
rn. Khi lng gam hn hp hai kim loi ban u l:
A. 3.12 gam
B. 1.56 gam
C. 0.56 gam
D. 4.4 gam
Bi gii:
Ta c: in tch ca hai kim loi X v Y trong hai phn l khng i, nn in
tch m trong hai phn cng bng nhau, do vy s mol in tch hai phn cng nh
nhau.
Do O2- <=> 2Cl- nn:
m oxit
n Cl (muoi)
1,792
= 0,08mol
2
22,4
= m kimloai + m O => m kimloai = 2,84 16.0,04 = 1,56gam
n O(oxit) =
= n H2 =
m honhop = 1,56.2 = 3,12gam => A dung

Ch : + Nu m honhop = 1,56 => B sai . Do ch c mui mt phn
+Nu m = 2,84 32.0,08 = 0,28gam => m honhop = 0,56gam => C sai
+ Nu m = 2,84 16.0,04 = 2,2gam => m honhop = 4,4gam => D sai
Bi ton 6. Dung dch X cha cc ion: CO32-, SO32-, SO42- v 0,1 mol HCO3- , 0,3 mol
Na+ . Thm V lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 1 M vo dung dch A thu c lng khi lng kt
ta ln nht. Gi tr ca V lt l:
A. 0,4 lt
B. 0,2 lt
C. 0,1 lt
D. 0,15 lt
Bi gii:
2+
Ta c: Ba = 1M, OH = 2M . thu c lng kt ta ln nht th cn
0,1 mol OH- tc dng ht HCO3- . HCO3 + OH CO32 + H 2O

Mt khc cn 0,3 mol OH- trung ha Na+, nh vy cn tng s mol
OH- =0,4 mol=> VBa(OH)2 =
0,4
= 0,2lit => D dung .
2
0,4
= 0,4lit => A sai
1
0,2
=
= 0,1 lit => C sai
2
0,3
=
= 0,15 lit => D sai .
2
Ch : + Nu VBa(OH)2 =
+ Nu VBa(OH)2
+ Nu VBa(OH)2
Bi ton 7. Mt dung dch c cha x mol K +, y mol Fe3+, z mol Cl- v t mol SO42-. Biu
thc C lin h gia x, y, z, t l:
A. x+3y= z+2t
B. x+y= z+t
C. x+z= 3y+2t
D. 3y+z = x+2t
Bi gii
p dng phng php nh lut bo ton in tch : tng s mol in tch dng bng tng s mol in tch m.
1.n K + + 3.n Fe3+ = 1.n Cl + 2.n SO2 => x + 3y = z + 2t A (ng).
Ta c
4
Bi ton 8. Cho tan hon ton 15,6 gam hn hp Al v Al2O3 trong 500 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M thu c 6,72 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch X . Th tch HCl 2 M cn cho vo
X thu c kt ta ln nht l :
A. 0,25 lt.
B. 0,35 lt.
C. 0,5 lt.
D. 0,244 lt.
Bi gii:
Trong dung dch X cha AlO2 v OH- (nu d). Dung dch X trung ha v in
tch nn. n AlO 2 + n OH = n Na + = 0,5mol khi cho axit HCl vo dung dch X ta c ptp sau:
H+ + OH- H2O
H+ + AlO2- + H2O Al(OH)3
thu c kt qu ln nht th
n H + = n AlO + n OH = 0,5mol => VHCl =

2
0,5
= 0,25lit => A dung
2
Ch : Nu s dng phng php ny th s tha d kin v ta c th s dng nhiu

phng php khc kim tra kt qu.
Bi ton 9. Cho tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong dung dch HCl 4M thu
c 5,6 lt H2 ( ktc) v dung dch X. kt ta hon ton cc ion trong X cn 300
ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Th tch HCl dng l:
A. 0,168
B. 0,224
C. 0,112
D. 0,15 lt.
Bi gii
Khi cho 0,6 mol NaOH vo dung dch X ch Mg 2+ , Fe3+, H+( nu d) tch ra
khi dung dch X. Dung dch to thnh cha Cl- phi trung ha vi 0,6 mol Na+
n Cl = n Na + = 0,6mol => VHCl =
0,6
= 0,15lit => D dung
4
Bi ton 10. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C Khi A- 2007) Mt dung dch cha 0,02
mol Cu2+, 0,03 mol K+ , x mol Cl- v y mol SO42- . Tng khi lng cc mui tan c trong
dung dch l 5,435 gam . Gi tr ca x , y ln lt l:
A. 0,03 v 0,02.
B. 0,05 v 0,01
C. 0,01 v 0,03
D. 0,02 v 0,0,5
Bi gii
p dng LBTT : x + 2y = 0,02 . 2 + 0,03 = 0,07 (1)
Mt khc khi lng mui bng tng khi lng cc ion .
=> 64 . 0,2 + 0,03 . 39 + 35,5.x + 96.y = 5,435 (2)
35,5x + 96y = 2,085 (3) , T (1) v (3)
x = 0,03 , y = 0,02 A ng.
Bi ton 11. Mt dung dch cha 0,1 mol Fe 2+, 0,2 mol Al3+ cng 2 loi anion x mol Clv y mol SO42- . Tng khi lng cc mui tan c trong dung dch l 46,9 gam . Gi tr
ca x , y ln lt l:
A. 0,4 v 0,2.
B. 0,2 v 0,3
C. 0,3 v 0,25
D. 0,1 v 0,35
Bi gii
p dng LBTT : x + 2y = 0,1.2 + 0,2.3 = 0,8 (1)
Mt khc khi lng mui bng tng khi lng cc ion .
=> 0,1.56 + 0,2 .27+ 35,5.x + 96.y = 46,9 (2)
35,5x + 96y = 35,9 (3) , T (1) v (3) x = 0,2 , y = 0,3 B ng.
Bi ton 12. Mt dung dch cha 0,39 gam K+, 0,54gam Al3+ cng 2 loi anion 1,92
gam SO42- v ion NO3- . Nu c cn dung dch th s thu c khi lng mui khan l:
A. 4,71 gam
B. 3,47 gam
C. 4,09 gam
D. 5,95 gam
Bi gii
n K + = 0,01mol, n Al3+ = 0,02mol , n SO2 = 0,02mol

4
p dng LBTT : 0,01 + 0,02.3 = 0,02 + nNO3- => nNO3-=0,03 mol m
m muoi = m K + + m Al3+ + mSO2 + m NO =

4
= 0,39 + 0,54 + 1,92 + 62.0,03 = 4,71gam => A dung

Ch :
- Nu n NO3 = 0,01 + 0,02 0,02 = 0,01mol => m muoi = 3,47gam => B sai
- Nu n NO3 = 0,02mol => m muoi = 4,09gam => C sai
- Nu n NO3 = 0,01 + 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,05mol => m muoi = 5,95gam => D sai .
Bi ton 13. Mt dung dch X cha a mol Na +, b mol HCO3- , c mol CO2-3 , d mol
SO42- . thu c kt ta ln nht cn dng V lt dung dch Ba(OH) 2 nng y
mol/lt. Gi tr ca y mol/lt theo cc gi tr a, b, c, d l:
Bi gii
a+b
V
b+c+d
C. y =
V
A. y =
a+b
2V
b+c+d
D. y =
2V
B. y =
Phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
OH - + HCO3- = H 2O+CO32- .(1)

Ba 2+ + CO32- = BaCO3.(2)
Ba 2+ + SO 4 2- = BaSO 4 .(3)
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra th trong dung dch A ch cn li a mol Na +. p
dng LBTT th s mol OH- cng phi bng a mol. Mt khc s mol OH - phng
trnh (1) cng phi bng b mol, nn s mol OH- ban u l (a+b) mol
Ba(OH) 2 =Ba 2+ +2OH - (4)

y.Vmol..................2y.Vmol
a+b
=>2y.V=a + b => y =
=> B dung
2V
Ch : + T (1)
n NO - =b mol, tu(2) n CO 2- =c mol, tu(3) n SO 2- =d mol

3
b+c+d
=> C sai
V
b+c+d
=> D sai
+ Nu 2y.V=b+c+d=>y=
2V
a+b
=> A sai
+ Nu t (4) y.V=a+b=>y=
V
=>y.V=b+c+d=>y=
IV. Bi tp t gii.
Bi 1. Cho 20 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 3O4, Fe2O3 tan va ht trong 700 ml
dung dch HCl 1 M thu c 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc) v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc
dng vi NaOH d, lc kt ta v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu
c cht rn Y. Khi lng Y l:
A. 22 gam
B. 28 gam
C. 30 gam
D. 24 gam
Bi 2. Trn 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 1 M vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,8 M thu c
kt ta A v dung dch D.
1. Khi lng kt ta A l
A.3,9 gam
B. 3,12 gam
C. 4,68 gam
D. 2,34 gam
2. Nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch D l
A. NaCl 0,1 M v NaAlO2 0,2 M
B. NaCl 1 M v NaAlO2 0,2 M
C. NaCl 1M v NaAlO2 2 M
D. NaCl 1,8 M v NaAlO2 1 M
Bi 3: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H- C - KB - 2007). Cho 200ml dung dch AlCl3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam, gi tr
ln nht ca V lt l:
A: 1,2
B: 1,8
C: 2
D: 2,4
Bi 4: Ha tan hon ton mt xit st FexOy bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c
2,24 lt kh SO2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn
nng 120 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca xit st l:
A. FeO
B. Fe2O3
C. Fe3O4
D. Khng xc nh c
Bi 5: Nung y mol Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c 16,08 gam hn hp A gm
4 cht rn gm Fe v cc xit st. ha tan ht lng hn hp A trn bng dung dch
HNO3 long d thu c 672 ml kh NO duy nht(ktc) v dung dch mui. Gi tr ca l
y:
A. 0.291 mol
B. 0,232 mol.
C. 0,426 mol
D. 36,8 mol
Bi 6: Ha tan m gam hn hp A gm 4 cht rn gm Fe v cc xit st bng dung
dch HNO3 d thu c 4,48 lit kh NO2 duy nht(ktc) v 145,2 gam mui khan. Gi tr
ca l m gam:
A. 44 gam
B. 32 gam.
C. 58 gam
D. 22 gam
Bi 7: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H-C - KA 2008). Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M
vo dung dch cha 0,1mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton,
thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l:
A: 0,05
B: 0,25
C: 0,35
D: 0,45
Bi 8: Cho 3,42 gam Al2(SO4)3 vo 50ml dung dch NaOH, thu c 1,56gam kt ta
v dung dch X. Nng M ca dung dch NaOH l:
A: 0,6
B: 1,2
C: 2,4
D: 3,6
Bi 9: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4 bng HNO3 thu c
2.24 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c 96.8 gam
mui khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 55.2 gam.
B. 31.2 gam.
C. 23.2 gam
D. 46.4 gam.
Bi 10: Ho tan 52.2 gam hh X gm FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4 bng HNO3 c, nng thu
c 3.36 lt kh NO2 (ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m
l:
A. 36.3 gam.
B. 161.535 gam.
C. 46.4 gam
D. 72.6 gam.
Bi 11: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C- Khi A-2008). Nung nng m gam hn hp Al
v Fe2O3 (trong mi trng khng c khng kh) n phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp rn Y, chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 tc dng vi H2SO4 long d sinh ra 3.08 lt kh hir (ktc).
- Phn 2 tc dng NaOH d sinh ra 0.84 lt kh hir (ktc). Gi tr m gam l:
A. 22.75
B. 21.40
C. 29.40
D. 29.43 .
Bi 12. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C- Khi A-2007). Ho tan hon ton 12 gam
hn hp Fe v Cu ( t l mol 1:1) bng HNO3 thu c V lt hn hp kh X gm NO v
NO2 (ktc) v dung dch Y ( ch cha 2 mui v axit d ). T khi ca X so vi H 2 bng
19. Gi tr V lt l:
A. 2.24
B. 3.36.
C. 4.48
D. 5.60.
Cha kha vng 5.

phng php bo ton nguyn t
I. c s l thuyt
Da vo nh lut bo ton nguyn t (BTNT) "Trong cc phn ng ho hc thng thng th cc nguyn t lun c bo ton".
Ngha l: "Tng s mol nguyn t ca mt nguyn t M bt k no th tr c v sau
phn ng lun bng nhau".
Thng s dng cho vic tnh ton mt kim loi, mt phi kim, mt cht, trong nhiu
cht, cn phi vit phng trnh phn ng nhiu th phi ngh n nh lut bo ton
nguyn t.
II. Bi ton p dng:
Bi ton 1: (Trch tuyn sinh H- C Khi A 2008). Cho hn hp 2,7 gam nhm v 5,6
gam st vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO 3 1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th c m
gam cht rn( bit Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag). Gi tr m gam l:
A. 59,4 gam
B. 64,8 gam
C. 32,4 gam
D. 54,0 gam
Bi gii:
Phn ng xy ra hon ton, nn: AgNO3 Ag + NO3p dng LBT nguyn t bc: 0,55
0,55mol
n Ag = n Ag+ = n AgNO3 = 0,55mol; m Ag = 0,55.108 = 59, 4g A ng
Ch : - Nu phn ng khng hon ton hoc AgNO 3 phn ng ang cn d th khng p

dng c LBT nguyn t
Nu
n Ag = 3n Al + 2n Fe = 0,5mol
mAg = 0,5 . 108 = 54,0g
D sai
Bi ton 2: (Trch tuyn sinh H- C Khi B 2008). Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol

FeCO3 v b mol FeS2 trong bnh kn cha khng kh d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, a bnh v nhit ban u th c cht rn duy nht l Fe 2O3 v hn hp kh. Bit
p sut trc v sau phn ng u bng nhau. Mi lin h gia v b l: ( bit sau cc phn ng
lu hunh c s xi ha +4, th tch cc cht rn khng ng k)
A. a=0,05b
B. a=b
C. a=4b
D. a=2b
Bi gii:
2FeCO3 Fe 2 O3
a
a/2
2FeS2 Fe 2 O3
b
b/2
p dng LBT nguyn t st
a b
=
2 2
a = b B ng
Ch : + Nu p dng LBT e :
(a + b)
(a + b)
a +b =5b a = 4b C sai (do cha bit s mol (oxi)
S1 S+4 + 5e
b
5b
Fe 2+ Fe3+ 1e
Bi ton 3: Hn hp cht rn A gm 16 gam Fe2O3 v 23.2 gam Fe3O4. Ho tan hon ton A
bng dung dch HCl d thu c dd B. Cho NaOH d vo B, thu c kt ta C. Lc ly kt ta,
ra sch ri em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn D.
Gi tr m l:
A. 80 gam.
B. 32.8 gam.
C. 40 gam
D. 16 gam.
Bi gii:
Fe3O 4 + 8HCl FeCl 2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H 2O

16
n
HCl +NaOH NaCl +H 2O
=
= 0,1mol
Fe2O3 160
FeCl 2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH) 2 + 2NaCl
23, 2
FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH) 3 + 3NaCl

= 0,1mol
n Fe3O4 =
232
4Fe(OH) 2 + 2H 2O + O 2 4Fe(OH) 3
2Fe(OH)3 Fe 2O 3 + 3H 2O
Fe 2 O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H 2O

nFe (trong D) = 0,1 . 2 + 0,1 . 3 = 0,5 mol
nD =
0,5
= 0, 25mol
2
mD = 0,25 x 160 = 40 gam C ng

Ch : + Nu mD = 0,5 . 160 = 80 gam A sai
+ Nu mD = 0,1 . 112 + 0,1 . 168 + 0,1 . 48 = 32,8 gam B sai
+ Nu mD = 0,1 . 160 = 16 gam D sai
Bi ton 4: Sc kh clo vo dung dch NaBr v NaI n phn ng hon ton ta thu c 1,17
gam NaCl. Xc nh s mol hn hp NaBr v NaI c trong dung dch ban u.
A. 0.01 mol.
B. 0.02 mol
C. 0.04 mol
D. 0.03 mol.
Bi gii:
- Phng trnh phn ng:
Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2
Cl2 + 2NaI 2NaCl + I2

- p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t ta c:
n NaBr + n NaI = n NaCl =
1,17
= 0,02mol
58,5
Cu B ng
1,17
= 0,04mol C sai
58,5
1 1,17
= .
= 0,01mol A sai
2 58,5
Ch : - Nu n NaBr + n NaI = 2n NaCl = 2.

- Nu n NaBr + n NaI =
n NaCl
2
Bi ton 5: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4 bng HNO3 c, nng

thu c 4.48 lt kh NO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c 145.2 gam mui khan.
Gi tr m l:
A. 23.2 gam.
B. 46.4 gam.
C. 64.2 gam
D. 26.4 gam.
Bi gii:
t a, b, c l s mol ca FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4
N +5 + 1e N +4 (NO 2 )
Fe 1e > Fe
4, 48
0, 2
= 0, 2mol
a + c (a + c)mol
22,
4
2+
3+
a + c = 0,2 mol: mui Fe(NO3)3 c s mol l:
n Fe( NO3 )3 = n FeO + 2n Fe2O3 + 3Fe3O 4 = a + 2b + 3c = (a + c) + 2(b + c)
+ Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t st:

(a + c) + 2 (b + c) = 0,6
n Fe( NO3 )3 =
145, 2
= 0,6mol
242
0,6 0, 2
= 0, 2mol
2
= 72a + 160b + 232c
b+c =
m = m FeO + m Fe3O4 + m FeO
= 72(a + c) + 160 (b + c) = 72.0,2 + 160 . 0,2 = 46,4g B ng

Bi ton 6: . Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 6 gam FeS2 v x gam Cu2S vo HNO3 va
thu c dung dch Y (Y ch cha mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO2. Gi tr x l.
A.`8 gam
B. 2 gam
C. Khng xc nh c D. 4 gam
Bi gii:
Do Y ch cha mui sunpht nn ta c s :
Cu 2S 2CuSO 4
(1)
x
n
mol
x
2x
Cu 2S =
160
160
160
6
2FeS2 Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 (2) n
= 0,05mol
FeS2 =
120
0,05mol 0,025mol
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi lu hunh ta c:
x
2.x
+ 0,05.2 =
+ 3.0.025
160
160
Ch : - Nu (2)
x = 0,025 .160 = 4 gam D ng
FeS2 Fe 2 (SO 4 )3
0,05
x
2x
+ 0,05.2 =
+ 3.0,05
160
160
0,05
khng xc nh c C sai
- Ta c th thay cc gi tr x gam v 6g FeS 2 bng mt gi tr bt k khc (c th s mol , g,

)
- Kh thot ra khng nht thit l NO 2, c th NO, N2O, N2 v c th hn hp kh ca Nit
m khng lm nh hng n kt qu ca bi ton.
Bi ton 7: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, cn 0,05 mol H2.
Mt khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam X trong dung dch H 2SO4 c thu c V ml SO2
(ktc). Gi tr V l:
A.112 ml
B. 224 ml
C. 336 ml
D. 448 ml.
Bi gii:
Gi x, y z l s mol ca FeO, Fe3O4 , Fe2O3 :
Bn cht ca qu trnh kh trn l H2 s ly O trong oxt to thnh nc theo s :
O (trong oxt) + H2 H2O
0,05
0,05 0,05
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi oxi ta c:
x + 4y + 3z = 0,05
x + 2y + 2z =
3,04 16.0,05
= 0,04mol
56
(1)
(2)
Ly (1) - (2) ta c: y + z = 0,01, T ta th vo (1) hoc (2) x + y = 0,02

Trong cc oxit st th ch c FeO, Fe3O4 phn ng vi H2SO4 c SO2
2FeO + 4 H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4 H2O
(3)
x
x/2
2Fe3O4 + 10 H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 10 H2O
y
y/2
x + y 0,02
=
= 0,01mol
2
2
= 0,01.22, 4 = 0, 224l = 224ml B ng
T (3) v (4) ta suy ra:
VSO2
(4)
n SO2 =
Ch : Nu khng cn bng (3) v (4)
n SO2 = x + y = 0,02
V = 448ml D sai
Bi ton 8 : Cho 7.68 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 vo 260 ml dung dch HCl 1M
v ta thu c dung dch Y. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch Y thu c kt ta Z.
em nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn G. Gi tr
m l.
A. 18 gam
B. 8 gam.
C. 32 gam
D. kt qu khc.
Bi gii:
Khi cho hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi HCl th bn cht
2H+ + O2- H2O
0,26 0,13 0,13
mO = 0,13 . 16 = 2,08 gam ,mFe (trong oxt) = 7,68 - 16. 0,13 = 5,6 gam n Fe =
Sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh trn l: Fe2O3
5, 6
= 0,1mol
56
FeO
Fe 2 O3 FeCl2 Fe(OH) 2 Fe(OH)3 Fe 2 O3

Fe O
FeCl3
Fe(OH)3
3 4
n Fe2O3 =
0,1
= 0,05mol m Fe2O3 = 0,05.160 = 8gam B ng
2
Ch : - Nu
n Fe2O3 = 0,1mol m Fe2O3 = 16gam A sai
- Nu
n Fe2O3 = 0, 2mol m Fe2O3 = 32gam C sai
- Nu mO = 0,13 . 32 = 4,16
n Fe =
7,68 32.0,13
0,06 l , kt qu khc
56
Bi ton 9: Cho 4,16 gam Cu tc dng vi 120 ml HNO3 a M thu c 2,464 lt kh hn hp 2

kh NO v NO2. Gi tr nng mol a M l: (Bit cc kh o ktc).
A.1.46 M
B. 1.8765 M
C. 2 M
D. 3 M.
Bi gii:
- p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi nit ta c:
n N(HNO3 ) = n N( NO ) + n N(NO2 + NO)

3
n N(NO ) = 2n Cu = 2.
3
4,16
2, 464
= 0,13mol, n N( NO2 + NO) =
= 0,11mol
64
22, 4
n N(HNO3 ) = n N( NO ) + n (NO2 + NO) = 0,13 + 0,11 = 0, 24mol

3
Nng HNO3:
Ch : + Nu
a = CM(HNO3 ) =
0, 24
= 2M
0,12
C ng
n N( NO ) = n Cu = 0,065mol
3
n N(HNO3 ) = 0,065 + 0,11 = 0,175mol a =

+ Nu
0,175
1, 46
0,12
A sai
1
0,065
n N( NO ) = n Cu =
= 0,0325mol a = 1,1875 Bsai
3
2
2
+ Nu cho bit hn hp trn (NO v NO 2) c t khi so vi mt cht no th ta c

th p dng gii bi ny bng phng php bo ton e.
Bi ton 10: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 11.2 gam Fe v 16 gam Fe 2O3 vo HNO3 long
d th thu c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi NaOH ri lc kt ta nung trong khng kh
n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l:
A. 16 gam
B. 32 gam
C. 64g
D. kt qu khc.
Bi gii:
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t Fe ta c: nFe = 0,2 + 0,1 .2 = 0,4mol
n Fe
2O3
1
0, 4
= n Fe =
= 0, 2mol m Fe2O3 = 0, 2.160 = 32gam B ng
2
2
Bi ton 11: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mi cht FeS2 v CuS trong khng kh ri cho sn
phn chy tc dng va V ml dung dch KMnO4 1M.
Gi tr V (ml) l:
A. 120 ml
B.160 ml
C. 80 ml
D. 300 ml.
Bi gii:
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t S ta c:
n SO2 = 2n FeS2 + n CuS = 0,1.2 + 0,1 = 0,3mol
Ta c phng trnh lm mt mu thuc tm:

5SO2 + 2 KMnO4 + 2H2O 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 2 H2SO4
0,3
0,12mol
V = 0,12 = 0,12 = 120ml A ng

1
Ch : + Nu n SO2 = n FeS2 + n CuS = 0, 2mol
+ Nu khng cn bng:
V = 0,08lt = 80ml C sai
n KMnO4 = n SO2 = 0,3mol => 300ml
D sai
Bi ton 12: Ho tan 11.2 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe trong HCl d th thu c hn hp

dung dch mui Y1 v kh Y2 . Cho dung dch Y1 tc dng vi NaOH d, lc kt ta ri nung
trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c 8 gam cht rn Z. Thnh phn % Fe
trong hn hp u l:
A. 58,03 %
B. 26.75 %
C. 75.25 %
D. 50.00 %.
Bi gii:
Sn phm ca qu trnh nung l:
FeCl2 + NaOH Fe(OH)2

+ HCl
Fe
AlCl Al(OH)
Fe(OH)3 Fe 2 O3
Al
3
3tan
8
= 0,05mol . p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t Fe ta c:
160
= 2n Fe2O3 = 0,05.2 = 0,1mol mFe = 0,1.56 = 5,6gam, %Fe =50,00% D ng
n Fe2O3 =
n Fe
Bi ton 13: Thi t t rt chm 2,24 lt hn hp kh X gm H2 v CO qua ng s ng

24gam hn hp gm (Al2O3, CuO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4) nhit cao th thu c m gam 2 kim loi
v mt oxit duy nht trong ng s. Gi tr m l:
A. 22.40g
B. 20.80g
C. 17.60g
D. 24.20g.
Bi gii:
Bn cht ca qu trnh trn l: H2 v CO ly oxi trong oxt
CO + O(oxit) = CO 2 (1)
Theo (1) v (2) nO (oxit) = 0,1mol Khi lng oxi phn ng l:
H 2 + O(oxit ) = H 2 O (2)
mO = 0,1 . 16 = 1,6g Cht rn bng: 24 - 1,6 = 22,4 gam A ng

Ch : + Nu nO = 0,2mol cht rn: 24 - 0,2 . 1,6 =20,8 gam B sai
+ Nu nO = 0,2mol cht rn: 24 - 0,2 . 32 = 17,6 gam C sai
Oxt Al2O3 rt bn nn C, H2, CO khng kh Al2O3 Al
Bi ton 14: Cho 4.04 gam hh X gm 3 kim loi Fe, Cu, Al dng bt tc dng hon ton vi oxi
thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 5.96 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl 2 M va
phn ng ht vi hn hp Y l:
A. 60 ml
B. 120 ml
C. 224 ml
D. 30 ml.
Bi gii:
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: mO (oxit) = 5,96 - 4,04 = 1,92 gam
2H + + O 2 H 2 O
1,92
nO =
= 0,12mol :
16
0, 24 0,12
0,24
VHCl =
= 0,12 lt = 120ml B ng
2
1,92
Ch : - Nu n O =
= 0,06mol VHCl = 60ml A sai
2
32
1,92
- Nu n O =
= 0,06mol n HCl = n H+ = n O2 V = 30ml D sai
2
32
- Nu thy m1 gam hn hp cc KL + O2 m2 oxit KL nO = ?
Th phi ngh ngay n nh lut bo ton nguyn t.

III. bi ton t gii.
Bi 1: Cho m1 gam hn hp X gm 3 kim loi A(ho tri2), B( ho tr 3), C(ho tr n) u
dng bt tc dng hon ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng m2 gam. Th
tch V(ll) dung dch HCl a M va phn ng ht vi dung dch Y l: Gi tr V(lt) l:
( bit m2 > m1).
A. (m2 - m1) : 32 a
B. (m2 - m1) : a
C. (m2 - m1) : 16 a
D. (m2 - m1) : 8 a.
Bi 2: Ho tan hon ton hn hp x gam FeS2 v 4 gam Cu2S vo HNO3 va thu c dd
Y (Y ch cha mui sunfat) v hn hp kh NO2 v NO vi t l 1:3. Gi tr x l.
A. 0.4 gam
B. 6 gam
C. 8.0 gam
D. kt qu khc
Bi 3: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm y mol FeS2 v x gam Cu2S vo HNO3 va thu c
dung dch X (X ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh Y duy nht. Biu thc lin h gia ai lng x v
y l: ( Bit kh Y khng mu, khng mi, khng v, khng chy di 10000 C).
A.x:y=1:2
B. x:y = 2:1
C. x:y =2:3
D. kt qu khc.
Bi 4: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, trong axit sunfuric c
nng thu c 0.224 lt kh khng mu, mi xc. Mt khc cho 1.12 lt kh H 2 th kh ht m
gam hh X trn. Cc kh o ktc. Gi tr m l:
A.2.34 gam
B. 3.34 gam
C. 3.04 gam
D. kt qu khc.
Bi 5: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, cn 1.4 gam CO. Mt
khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam X trong dd H2SO4 c thu c V lt kh khng mu, mi
xc (ktc). Gi tr V (lt) l:
A.3.36 lt
B. 0.224 lt
C. 0.448 lt
D. kt qu khc.
Bi 6: Cho m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 th cn 100 ml dung dch HCl 0.3 M
v ta thu c dung dch Y gm 2 mui. Cho dung dch KOH d vo dung dch Y thu c
kt ta Z. em nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c 1.6 gam cht
rn G. Gi tr m l.
A. 0.64 gam
B. 0.56 gam.
C. 3.04 gam D. kt qu khc.
Bi 7: ( H- C Khi A 2008). Cho 2.13 gam hn hp X gm 3 kim loi Mg, Cu, Al dng bt
tc dng hon ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3.33 gam. Th tch
dung dch HCl 2 M va phn ng ht vi dung dch Y l:
A. 90 ml
B. 57 ml
C. 75 ml
D. 50 ml.
Bi 8: . Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0.2 mol Fe v x mol Fe 2O3 vo HCl d th thu c
dung dch X v kh Y. Cho X tc dng vi NaOH ri lc kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i th thu c 32 gam cht rn. Gi tr x l:
A. 0.35 mol
B. 0.15 mol
C. 0.10 mol
D. 0.02 mol.
Bi 9: Cho 8.32 gam Cu tc dng vi V ml HNO3 1 M thu c 4.928 lt kh hn hp 2 kh
NO v NO2. Gi tr V ml l: (Bit cc kh o ktc).
A.120 ml
B. 240 ml
C.360 ml
D. 480 ml
Bi 10: t chy hon ton 45.76 gam FeS v 58.2 ZnS trong khng kh ta thu c kh Y
khng mu mi xc duy nht v cht rn X. Cho kh Y tc dng va vi V lt dung dch n c brm ( o ktc). Gi tr V l:
A. 12,228 lt
B. 22,244 lt
C. 18,654 lt
D. 25,088lt
Bi 11: m gam bt st ngoi khng kh mt thi gian thu c11,8 gam hn hp cc cht
rn FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2 O3, Fe. Ha tan hon ton hn hp bng dung dch HNO 3 long thu
c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,94 gam
B. 9,968 gam C. 11,2 gam
D. 8,708 gam
Bi 12: Ha tan hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg trong dung
dch HCl thy thot ra 13,44 lt kh. Nu cho 34,8 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch
CuSO4 d, lc ly ton b cht rn thu c sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3
nng d th thu c V lt kh NO2 (ktc). Gi tr V l:
A. 11,2 lt
B. 22,4 lt
C. 53,76 lt
D. 76,82 lt
Bi 13: Ha tan hon ton 43,2 gam kim loi Cu vo dung dch HNO 3 long, tt c kh NO thu
c em oxi ha thnh NO 2 ri sc vo nc c dng oxi chuyn ht thnh HNO 3. Th
tch kh oxi ktc tham gia vo qu trnh trn l;
A. 5,04 lt
B. 7,56 lt
C. 6,72 lt
D. 8,96 lt
Bi 14: Chia m gam hn hp 2 kim loi A, B c ha tr khng i thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
- Phn 1 tan ht trong dung dch HCl, to ra 1,792 lt H 2 (ktc).
- Phn 2 nung trong oxi thu c 2,84 g hn hp oxit. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,56 gam
B. 2,64 gam C. 3,12 gam
D. 4,68 gam
Bi 15: Chia 44 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M c ha tr duy nht thnh 2 phn bng
nhau:
- Phn 1: Tan va trong 2 lt dung dch HCl thy thot ra 14,56 lt H 2 (ktc).
- Phn 2: Tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO 3 long nng thy thot ra 11,2 lt kh NO
duy nht (ktc)
1. Nng mol ca dung dch HCl l:
A. 0,45 M
B. 0,25 M
C. 0,55 M
D. 0,65 M
2. Khi lng hn hp mui clorua khan thu c khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng phn 1
l:
A. 65,54 gam
B. 54,65 gam C. 55,64 gam
D. 68,15 gam
3. % khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l
A. 49,01 %
B. 47,97 %
C. 52,03 %
D. 50,91 %
4. Kim loi M l:
A . Cu
B. Zn
C. Al
D. Mg
Bi 16: Mt hn hp gm 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg c khi lng 26,1 gam c chia lm 3 phn
u nhau.
- Phn 1, cho tan ht trong dung dch HCl thy thot ra 13,44 lt kh.
- Phn 2, cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 3,36 lt kh.
- Phn 3, cho tc dng vi dung dch CuSO 4 d, lc ly ton b cht rn thu
c sau phn ng em ho tan trong dung dch HNO 3 nng d th thu c V lt kh NO 2.
Cc kh u c o iu kin tiu chun.
Th tch kh NO2 thu c l
A. 26,88 lt
B. 53,70 lt
C. 13,44 lt
D. 44,8 lt
Bi 17: Cho tan hon ton 3,6 gam hn hp gm Mg v Fe trong dung dch HNO 3 2M, thu
c dung dch D, 0,04 mol kh NO v 0,01 mol N 2O. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH ly d, lc v nung kt ta n khi lng thu c m gam cht rn.
1. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,6 gam
B. 3,6 gam
C. 5,2 gam
D. 7,8 gam
2. Th tch HNO3 phn ng l:
A. 0,5 lt
B. 0,24 lt
C. 0,13 lt
D. 0,26 lt
Bi 18: Cho mt lung kh CO qua m gam bt Fe 2O3 nung nng, thu c 14 gam hn hp X
gm 4 cht rn. Cho hn hp X tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO 3 thu c 2,24 lit kh
NO (ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,4 gam
B. 14,6 gam C. 8,2 gam
D. 20,5 gam
Bi 19: Cho tan hon ton 58 gam hn hp A gm Fe, Cu, Ag trong dung dch HNO 3 2M thu
c 0,15 mol NO, 0,05 mol N 2O v dung dch D. C cn dung dch D, khi lng mui khan
thu c l:
A. 120,4 gam
B. 89,8 gam C. 116,9 gam
D. kt qu khc
Bi 20: Kh Fe2O3 bng CO nhit cao, c hn hp X gm 4 cht rn.
Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn mt tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 d, thu c 0,02
mol NO v 0,03 mol N2O. Phn hai cho tan hon ton trong dung dch H 2SO4 c nng, thu
c V lt (ktc) SO2. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24
B. 3,36
C. 4,48
D. 6,72
Bi 21: Chia hn hp X gm Al, Al 2O3, ZnO thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt cho tc dng
vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c 0,3 mol kh. Phn hai tan hon ton trong dung dch
HNO3 thu c 0,075 mol kh Y duy nht. Y l :
A. NO2
B. NO
C. N2O
D. N2
Bi 22: Cho tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp X dng bt gm S, FeS v FeS 2 trong dung
dch HNO3 thu c 0,48 mol NO2 v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi dung dch
Ba(OH)2 d, lc v nung kt ta n khi lng khng i, c m gam hn hp rn. Gi tr
ca m l:
A. 11,650 gam B. 12,815 gam
C. 13,980 gam
D. 15,145 gam
Bi 23:. Cho tan hon ton 7,2 gam Fe xOy trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,1 mol NO2.
Cng thc phn t ca oxit l:
A. FeO
B. Fe3O4
C. Fe2O3
D. c FeO v Fe3O4 u ng
CHA KHA VNG 25: CHUYN ESTE

1- CT chung ca este n no: CnH2nO2 ( n 2) ; CT ca este : CnH2n+2-2a-2mO2m. ( n 2 , m 1)
2 - CTTQ ca este n chc, mch h: R1COOR2
H-COOCH3 metyl fomat; H-COOC2H5 etyl fomat; CH3-COOCH3 metyl axetat; CH3-CH2-COOC2H5 etyl
propionat
CH 2 =CHCOOCH 3 metyl acrylat; CH 2 =C(CH 3 )COOCH 3 metyl metacrylat; CH3COOCH=CH 2 vinylaxetat

3.Cng thc tnh s ng phn este n chc no, mch h : C n H2nO2 :S ng phn Cn H2nO2 = 2n- 2 ( 1 <
n<5)
V d : S ng phn ca este n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l :
a. C2H4O2 (60)
= 22-2 = 1
b. C3H6O2 (74) = 23-2 = 2
c. C4H8O2 (88) = 24-2 = 4
Cu 1 : (TN-2007) Cht X c ctpt : C 2H4O2 . Cho cht X tc dng vi NaOH to ra mui v nc. Cht X
thuc loai:
A. este no, n chc. B. axit khng no, n chc. C. Axit no, n chc.D. Ancol no, n chc.
Cu 2 : Cht X c ctpt : C2H4O2 . Cho cht X tc dng vi NaOH to ra mui v ancol. Cht X thuc
loai:
A. este no, n chc.
B. axit khng no, n chc. C. Axit no, n chc. D. Ancol no, n
chc.
Cu 3 : Este etyl axetat c ctct l.A. CH3COOC2H5.B. CH3COOH.
C. CH3CHO
D.
CH3CH2OH.
Cu 4 : (TN 2007). S hp cht hu c n chc c ctpt C2H4O2 v tc dng c vi NaOH l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4.
Cu 5 : (TN 2007). S ng phn este ng vi ctpt C3H6O2 l: A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5.
Cu 6 : S ng phn n chc ng vi ctpt C3H6O2 l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5.
Cu 7 : S hp cht hu c n chc c ctpt C3H6O2 v tc dng c vi NaOH l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4.
Cu 8 : Hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t l C 3H6O2. Cht A tc dng c vi Na v NaOH . Cng
thc cu to ca A l: A. CH3CH2COOH .
B. CH3COOCH3. C. HO-CH2CH2CHO. D. HO-CH2COCH3.
Cu 9 : (H-C 2008). S ng phn este ng vi ctpt C4H8O2 l: A. 2 B. 3
C. 4
D. 5.
Cu 10 : S ng phn n chc ca C4H8O2 :
A. 4
B. 6
C.
5
D. 8.
Cu 11 : (TN-2007) Thu phn X trong mi trng kim, thu c natri axetat v ancol etylic. Ct ca X
l.
A. C2H3COOC2H5.
B. C2H5COOCH3.
C. C2H5COOC2H5.
D. CH3COOC2H5.
Cu 12 : Thu phn X trong mi trng kim, thu c natri acrylat v ancol etylic. Ct ca X l.
A. C2H3COOC2H5.
B. C2H5COOCH3.
C. C2H5COOC2H5.
D. CH3COOCH3.
Cu 13: Cht phn ng c dung dich brom l:
A. C2H3COOC2H5.
B. C2H5COOCH3.
C. C2H5COOC2H5.
D. CH3COOCH3.
Cu 14 : (TN-2007) Cp cht no sau y c th phn ng c vi nhau.
A. dd CH3COOH v dd NaCl B. C2H5OH v NaNO3.C. CH3COOC2H5 v dd NaOH
C.
C2H6 v CH3CHO.
Cu 15: (TN-2007) . Este X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH un nng to ra ancol metylic v natri
axetat, ctct ca X l:
A. . C2H5COOCH3.
B. CH3COOCH3.
C. CH3COOC2H5.
D. HCOOCH3
Cu 16: t chy hon ton mt lng este no n chc th th tch kh CO 2 sinh ra lun bng th tch kh O 2 cn
cho phn ng cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Tn gi ca este em t l
A. metyl axetat.
B. propyl fomiat.
C. etyl axetat.
D. metyl fomiat.
Cu 17: Cht X tc dng vi NaOH, chng ct c cht rn Y v phn hi Z. Cho Z tham gia phn ng trng
gng vi AgNO3/NH3 c cht T, cho T tc dng vi NaOH thu c cht Y, vy X l:
A. CH3COO-CH=CH-CH3
B. CH3COO-CH=CH2 C. HCOO-CH=CH2
D.
HCOO-CH=CHCH3
Cu 18 : Nhng hp cht trong dy sau thuc loi este:
A. etxng, du nhn bi trn my, du n.
B. du lc, du da, du c.
C. du m, hc n, du da.
D. m ng vt, du thc vt, mazut.
Cu 19 : Mt este c CTPT l C4H6O2 khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu c imetyl xetn. CTCT
thu gn ca C4H6O2 l
A. HCOO-CH=CH- CH3 B. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2.
C. CH3COO-CH=CH2.
D. CH2=CHCOOCH3.
Cu 20 : (H-C 2007) Mnh khng ng l:
A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 cng dy ng ng vi CH2=CHCOOCH3. B.CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 c th trng hp
to polime.
C. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng c vi dd brm. D.CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng vi dd NaOH thu c
aneht v mui.
Cu 21 : (H-C 2008). Pht biu ng l:

A. Phn ng gia axit v ru(ancol) khi c H2SO4 c l phn ng 1 chiu.
B. Tt c cc este phn ng vi dung dch kim lun thu c sp cui cng l mui v ancol.
C. Khi thu phn cht bo lun thu c C2H4(OH)2.
D. Phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
Cu 22 : (H2007). Mt este c ctpt l C4H6O2: khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu c axetan
eht, ct ct thu gn ca este l: A. HCOO-CH=CH-CH3.
B. CH3COOCH=CH2 C. CH2=CHCOOCH3.
D. HCOOC(CH3)=CH2.
Cu 23 : Cht no sau t tan trong nc nht
A. CH3COOH.
B. HCHO
C. C2H5OH
D. CH3COOCH3.
Cu 24 : (H-C 2008). Cho s chuyn ho sau:
C3H4O2 + NaOH - X + Y.; X
+ H2SO4
long- Z + T.
Bit Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng, 2 cht Y v Z tng ng l:
A. HCHO, CH3CHO. B. HCHO, HCOOH. C.CH3CHO, HCOOH. D. HCOONa, CH3CHO.
Cu 25 : (H-C 2008). Este X c c im sau.:- t chy X hon ton to thnh CO 2 v H2O c s
mol bng nhau.
- Thu phn X trong mi trng axit c cht Y ( tham gia phn ng trng gng) v cht Z (c s nguyn
t cc bon bng mt na s nguyn t cc bon trong X. Pht biu khng ng l:
A.t chy hon ton 1 mol X sinh ra sn phm gm 2 mol CO 2 v 2 mol H2O. B.Cht Y tan v hn
trong nc.
C.Cht X thuc loi este no, n chc. D. un Z vi H2SO4 c 170 0C thu c anken.
Cu 26 : (TN 2007). Cho 3.7 gam este no, n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi dung dch KOH thu c
mui v 2.3 gam ancol etylic. Ct ca este l: A. C2H5COOCH3.
B. CH3COOC2H5.
C.
C2H5COOC2H5.
D. HCOOC2H5.
Cu 27 : (C 2008) un nng 6 gam CH 3COOH vi 6 gam C2H5OH (H2SO4 c lm xc tc, hiu sut
phn ng este ho bng 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l: A. 6
B. 4.4
C. 8.8
D. 5.2
Cu 28 : (H-C 2007) X phng ho 8.8 gam etylaxetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0.2 M. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton . C cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng gam l:
A. 8.56
B. 8.2
C. 3.28
D. 10.4.
Cu 29 : Cho 7,4 gam este no n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi dd NaOH, thu c mui v 4,6 gam
ancol etylic, CT ca este l. A.C2H5COOCH3.
B. CH3COOC2H5.
C. C2H5COOC2H5.
D.
HCOOC2H5.
Cu 30 : Cho 23.6 gam hn hp CH3COOCH3 v C2H5COOCH3 tcdng va ht vi 300ml dung dch NaOH
1M, khi lng gam mui khan thu c l: A. 21.8
B. 26
C. 35.6
D. 31.8
Cu 31. Thu phn hon ton 8,8 gam este n chc, mch h X vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25 M ( va ),
thu c 4,6 gam mt ancol Y v dung dich mui Z. Cng thc cu to ca X
A. C2H3COOC2H5.
B. C2H5COOCH3.
C. C2H5COOC2H5.
D. CH3COOC2H5.
Cu 32(C-2010) : Hn hp Z gm hai este X va Y tao bi cung mt ancol va hai axit cacboxylic k tip nhau
trong day ng ng (MX < MY). t chay hoan toan m gam Z cn dung 6,16 lit khi O 2 (ktc), thu c 5,6 lit khi
CO2 (ktc) va 4,5 gam H2O. Cng thc este X va gia tri cua m tng ng la
A. HCOOCH3 va 6,7
B. HCOOC2H5 va 9,5
C. CH3COOCH3 va 6,7
D. (HCOO)2C2H4 va 6,6
Gii :
nCO2 = 0,25; nH 2O = 0,25 => X, Y l 2 este no n chc
p dng LBTKL : m =
t cng thc ca X, Y :
=>
0,25.44
Cn H 2 nO2
n = 2,5 => n = 2 ; n = 3
6,16
.32 = 6,7 (gam)
22,4
1
0,25
nCn H 2 nO2 = nCO2 =
n
n
+ 4,5 =>
=> 14n + 32 =
X : C2H4O2 HCOOCH3:
6,7n
= 26,8n
0,25
Y : C3H6O2 CH3COOCH3
Ch : gp bi ton hu c m khi t chy th cn bao nhiu lt oxi hoc cn tnh th tch oxi th chng ta nn
ngh ngay n pp LBTKL hoc LBTNT ty thuc vo d kin bi ton cho. Bi ton ny theo tnh ton ch
mt khong 30S k c c v lm. hy th i nh.
Cu 33 : (C-2010) Cho 45 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 69 gam ancol etylic (xc tc H 2SO4 c), un nng, thu
c 41,25 gam etyl axetat. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l: A. 62,50%
B. 50,00% C. 40,00%
D. 31,25%
Gii : Cch 1: nhn qua bi ton cng bit c ancol d nn tnh theo axit ri. s dng my tnh FX570ES
H%=
m thuc te
m ly thuyet
.100% =
41,25.60
.100% = 62,5%
45.88
A ng
Cch 2: n axit axetic = 0,75 ; n ancol etylic = 1,5 => ancol d => m este(l thuyt) = 0,75.88 = 66 (gam)
H%
41,25
.100 = 62,5% bi ny theo tnh ton khng qu 15S k c c v lm ra kt qu
66
ng.
Cu 34:(H-KA-2010) Thuy phn hoan toan 0,2 mol mt este E cn dung va u 100 gam dung dich NaOH
24%, thu c mt ancol va 43,6 gam hn hp mui cua hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit o la
A. HCOOH va CH3COOH B. CH3COOH va C2H5COOH C. C2H5COOH va C3H7COOH D. HCOOH va
C2H5COOH
nNaOH = 0,6 (mol).
RCOONa =
nNaOH
= 3 . Nn E l trieste
neste
( RCOO)3 R '+ 3NaOH 3RCOONa + R '(OH )3
43, 6
= 72, 67 R = 5, 67 . 1 cht l HCOOH s mol 0,4 loi B, C.
0, 6
0,4*68 + 0,2*M = 43,6 . M = 82 CH3COONa vy 2 cht HCOOH va CH3COOH

Cu 35:(KA-2011) Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Trong phn t este, s
nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) th lng
NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l : A. 14,5.
B. 17,5.
C. 15,5. D. 16,5.
Gii: Cch 1. Cu ny bn phi tnh to th d dng suy ra cng thc ESTE l C 5H8O4 (132)
1 10
mESTE = . .132 = 16,5 gam => chon D Nu vn kh hiu th xem hng dn sau.
2 40
Cch 2. S nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1 nn c 4 nguyn t O th X c 5 C. cng thc X l:
HCOO CH 2 CH 2 OOCCH 3 + 2 NaOH >HCOONa + CH 3COONa + C 2 H 4 (OH ) 2
1
1 10
nX = .nNaOH = . = 0,125 mol => m X = 132.0,125 = 16, 5 gam => chon D
2
2 40
Cch 3. ( R -COO)2C2H4 R = 1 HCOOH v CH3COOH ME = 132
nNaOH = 0,25 nX = 0,125 m = 132.0,125 = 16,5 gam

Cu 36: (KA-2011) t chy hon ton 0,11 gam mt este X ( to nn t mt axit cacboxylic n chc v mt
ancol n chc) thu c 0,22 gam CO2 v 0,09 gam H2O. S este ng phn ca X l: A. 2
B. 5 C. 6
D.4
Gii:Cch 1: gp bi ny th ngon ri nh, ch cn khng qu 20s chn p ng. theo quy lut ng phn ca
este l: 1-2-4-9. nh vy ch c A hoc D ng m thi. m cho 0,11 gam nn D ng. v C2H4O2 (60) c 1 p
este.
C3H6O2 (74) c 2 p este.;C4H8O2 (88) c 4 p este.;C5H10O2 (102) c 9 p este.
Ch : s dng my tnh FX570ES: ly 0,11 chia cho 60, 74, 88... p n c s mol p th ta chon thi.
bi ny nu c cha kha vng luyn thi cp tc th nhn vo d kin 0,11 gam th tng ng vi este c khi
lng mol 88 (C4H8O2 c 4 p este.) chn ngay D ng. Nu mun gii cch thng thng v chm nh ra th
mi xem cch sau thi.
Cch 2: n CO 2 = 0,005 = n H2O Este no, n chc CnH2nO2 M = 14n + 32
0,11
n = 0,005 n = 4 S este CnH2nO2 = 2n-2 => D ng.
14n + 32
Cu 37 :(H khi A - 2009) X phng ha hon ton 66,6 gam hn hp hai este HCOOC 2H5 v CH3COOCH3
bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi H 2SO4 c 1400C, sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l: A. 18,00.
B. 8,10.
C. 16,20.
D. 4,05.
Bi lm:
Hai este trn l ng phn ca nhau nn neste= 66,6:74=0,9 mol
2 RCOOR 1 2ROH ROR+H 2O
0,9...................0,9....................0,45mol
mH 2O = 0, 45.18 = 8,1gam
Ch : - Nu
B ng.
mH 2O = 0,9.18 = 16, 2 gam
- Nu
mH 2O = 0, 225.18 = 4, 05 gam
- Nu
mH 2O = 1.18 = 18 gam
=> C sai.
=> D sai.
=> A sai.
Cu 38:(H khi A - 2009) X phng ha hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH thu c
2,05 gam mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc ca
hai este l
A. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5.
B. C2H5COOCH3 v C2H5COOC2H5.
C. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7.
D. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5.
Bi lm:
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng => mNaOH = 1 gam hay nNaOH= 0,025 mol
RCOOR+NaOH RCOONa+ROH
0,025........0,025.........0,025.......0,025mol
2, 05
0, 94
= 82 R = 15(CH 3), M ROH =
= 37, 6 R = 20, 6
0, 025
0, 025
R1 = 15(CH 3 ), R2 = 29(C2 H 5 ) D l dng.
M RCOONa =
Cu 39: (H KB 2009) Hn hp X gm hai este no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton mt lng X cn
dng va 3,976 lt kh O2 ( ktc), thu c 6,38 gam CO2. Mt khc, X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu
c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip. Cng thc phn t ca hai este trong X l
A. C2H4O2 v C5H10O2.
B. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2. C. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2.
D. C3H6O2 v
C4H8O2.
Bi lm:
Da vo d kin ca bi ta s d dng loi b c p n A v C.
Loi p A v: thu c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip. M p n A C 2H4O2 v C5H10O2 khng th
to 2 ancol ng ng k tip c.
Loi p C v: hai este no, n chc, mch h, m p n C. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2. li l este khng no. Nh vy cn
2 p n B v D na m thi.
n = 0,1775mol , n = 0,145mol ta c ptp t chy sau
O2
CO2
Cn H 2 n O2 +
3n 2
O2 nCO2 + nH 2O.
2
3n 2
.0,145 = n.0,1775 n = 3, 625
2
phi c 1 este c s nguyn t C bng 3 v 1 este cn li c s nguyn t C bng 4
=> D ng
Cu 40. (H KB 2009) Khi thu phn hon ton 0,05 mol este ca 1 axit n v 1 mol ancol n
cn 5,6 gam KOH. Mt khc khi thu phn 5,475 gam este cn dng 4,2 gam KOH v thu c 6,225
gam mui. Cng thc ca este l:
A: (COOCH3)2
B: (COOC2H5)2
C:CH2(COOCH3)2
D: HCOOCH3
Bi gii
ct este : R(COOR)2 :
R(COOR)2 + 2KOH R(COOK)2 + 2R(COOR)2
1mol
2mol
1mol
2mol m = (78 2 R ' )
m = (6,225 5,475) = 0,75
Thc t : 0,0375
0,075 0,0375
0,0375 (78 2 R ' ) = 0,75
R = 29
M=
5,475
= 146
0,0375
146 = R + 2(44 + 29) R = 0 (COOC2H5)2. B ng.

Cu 41: ( KB 2011) Khi cho 0,15 mol este n chc X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sau khi phn ng kt
thc th lng NaOH phn ng l 12 gam v tng khi lng sn phm hu c thu c l 29,7 gam. S ng
phn cu to ca X tha mn cc tnh cht trn l:
A. 4
B. 5 C. 6
D. 2
Hng dn: nNaOH:nEste = 2:1 => l este to bi axit v gc ancol dng phenol
RCOOR + 2NaOH => RCOONa + RONa + H2O
0,15
0,3
0,15
mEste = 29,7 + 0,15.18 12 = 20,4 gam => MX = 136 = R+ 44 => R = 92 C7H8
CTPT C8H8O2 ng phn ca X: CH3-COO-C6H5; HCOOC6H4 CH3 (c 3 p ) =>A
ng
Cu 42: (KB 2011) Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. phn bit benzen, toluen v stiren ( iu kin thng) bng phng php ha hc, ch cn dng thuc th l nc
brom.
B. Tt c cc este u tan tt trong nc, khng c, c dng lm cht to hng trong cng nghip thc phm, m
phm.
C. Phn ng gia axit axetic vi ancol benzylic ( iu kin thch hp), to thnh benzyl axetat c mi thm ca chui
chn.
D. Trong phn ng este ha gia CH3COOH vi CH3OH, H2O to nn t -OH trong nhm
-COOH ca axit v H trong nhm -OH ca ancol.
Cu 43: (KB 2011) Hn hp X gm vinyl axetat, metyl axetat v etyl fomat. t chy hon ton 3,08 gam X,
thu c 2,16 gam H2O. Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat trong X l:
A. 25%
B. 27,92%
C. 72,08%
D. 75%
Hng dn: n H2O = 0,12 Thay hn hp bng : C n H 6 O 2 3 H2O a =
C4H6O2 (x)
C3H6O2 (y)
x + y = 0,04
86x + 74y = 3,08
n H2O
3
= 0,04
x = 0,01 % C4H6O2 = 25%
\cha kha vng 9. phng php gii chuyn pH

I. c s l thuyt.
1. Nu biu din nng mol/lt ca H + bng h thc [H +] = 10-a (mol/lt) th gi tr
a c xem l pH ca dung dch.
Nn pH = a =- lg[H+], hay [H+] = 10-pH t suy ra pH.

2. Nu biu din nng mol/lt ca OH bng h thc [ OH ] = 10-b (mol/lt) th
gi tr b c xem l pOH ca dung dch.
Nn pOH = b =- lg[ OH ], hay [ OH ] = 10-pOH t suy ra pOH.
3. Nu pH = 7 ng vi dung c dch mi trng trung ho
- Nu pH < 7 ng vi dung dch mi trng axt
- Nu pH > 7 ng vi dung dch mi trng baz
4. Tnh s ion: [H+]. [ OH ] = 10-14 pH + pOH = 14
5. Nu dung dch axt yu (hoc baz yu) c th s da vo hng s phn li axit
Ka (hoc hng s phn ly baz Kb) hay in ly .
C cht phn ly
C ho tan
6. Mi lin h gia hng s in ly K v in ly

V d: Mt hn hp AB in ly yu c nng ban u l (mol/lt, in ly ).
Phng trnh in ly: C - C = (1 - ).C
C.C
C. 2
K=
Suy ra: K=
C(1 )
1
7. Nu tnh th tch nc cn thm vo V lt dung dch axit c pH=a c dung
dch mi c pH=b (b>a) th ta p dng cng thc tnh nhanh.
Vsau = 10ba.Vtruoc = 10 pH Vtruoc

VH2O = (10pH 1).Vtruoc
8. Nu tnh th tch nc cn thm vo V lt dung dch axit c pH=a c dung
dch mi c pH=b (b<a) th ta p dng cng thc tnh nhanh.
Vsau = 10a b.Vtruoc = 10 pH Vtruoc

VH2O = (10pH 1).Vtruoc
II. Bi ton p dng:
Bi ton 1: (Trch thi tuyn sinh i hc H C Khi A 2008).
Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03 M c 2 Vml dung
dch Y . Dung dch Y c pH l:
A: 1
B: 2
C: 3
D: 4
Bi gii:
Phng trnh phn ng:
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
OH
+ H+ H2O
0,01
0,03V
V(mol)...
(mol)
3
10
103
n H + (d- ) =
0,02V
0,02V 2.V
(mol) [H + ] =
: 3 = 0,01 = 10 2 (mol / lit)
3
3
10
10
10
pH = 2 B ng
Ch :
n H+ (d- )
n gin ho bi ton ta chn V = 1 lt

0,02
= 0,03 0,01 = 0,02(mol) [H + ] =
= 0,01 = 10 2 (mol / lit) pH = 2 B ng
2
Bi ton 2: (Trch thi tuyn sinh i hc H C Khi B 2007).

Trn 100ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH) 2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dung dch (gm
H2SO4 0,0375 M v HCl 0,0125 M) thu c dung dch X, gi tr pH ca dung dch X l:
A: 1
B: 2
C: 6
D: 7
Bi gii:
n Ba(OH)2 = 0,01mol
n OH = 2.n Ba(OH)2 + n NaOH = 0,03(mol)
n NaOH = 0,01mol
n HCl = 0,05mol
n H + = n HCl + 2.n H2SO4 = 0,035(mol)
n H2SO4 = 0,015mol
Khi trn xy ra phn ng trung ho dng in l:
H + + OH - H 2O
0,03
0,03
n H+ (d) = 0,035 - 0,03 = 0,005 (mol) [H + ] =
0,005
= 0,01
0,1 + 0,4
[H+] = 0,01 = 10-2 (mol/lt) pH = 2 B ng

Bi ton 3: (Trch thi tuyn sinh i hc H C Khi A 2007)
Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1 M v axit
H2SO4 0,5 M thu c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng
i). Dung dch Y c pH l:
A: 1
B: 2
C: 6
D: 7
Bi gii:
n H+ (HCl) = 0,25.1 = 0,25(mol)

n H+ (H SO
2
4)
n + = 0,25 + 0,25 = 0,5mol

= 0,25.0,5.2 = 0,25(mol) H( X )
2H
+ 2e H2
0,475mol.. 0,2375(mol)
+
n H2 =
5,32
= 0,2375(mol)
22,4
n H+ (Y) = 0,5 0,475 = 0,025(mol) [H + ] =
0,025
= 0,1 = 101 (mol / lit)
0,250
pH = 1 A ng
Bi ton 4:Cho x mol NO2 hp th vo dung dch cha x mol NaOH, dung dch ny thu c
c gi tr pH.
A: pH < 7
B: pH = 7
C: pH > 7
D: Khng xc nh
Bi gii:
2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O
xmol
xmol
x/2mol
x/2mol
Sau phn ng thu c mui trung ho NaNO3 (xmol) v mui NaNO2 (xmol) m NaNO2
l mui to bi axit yu v baz mnh nn: NO 2 + H 2 O HNO 2 + OH s xut hin OH

lm cho dung dch c tnh baz nn pH > 7 C ng
Bi ton 5:Cho 1 lt dung dch axt c pH = 4, phi thm V ml NaOH 0,01 M vo thu c
dung dch mui c pH = 7, gi tr V ml l:
A: 10 ml
B: 40 ml
C: 100 ml
D: 30 ml
Bi gii:
Dung dch mui c pH = 7 c ngha l mi trng trung tnh
hay n H + = n OH 1. 10-4 = V. 0,01 V = 10-2lt = 10ml A ng

Bi ton 6:Trn 300ml dung dch NaOH 0,05 M vi 200ml dung dch H 2SO4 0,05 M thu c
dung dch X, gi tr pH ca dung dch X l:
A: pH =1
B: pH =3
C: pH =2
D: pH = 5
Bi gii:
Phn ng trung ha
H + + OH
H 2O
0,015 0,015
n OH = 0,3.0,05 = 0,015(mol)
n + = n H+ ( d- ) = 0,02 0,015 = 0,005(mol)
n H+ = 0,2.0,05.2 = 0,02(mol) H
0,005
+
= 0,01 = 102 pH = 2 C ng
[H ] =
0,2 + 0,3
Bi ton 7:Gi tr pOH ca dung dch thu c sau khi trn 40 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,25 M vi
60 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M l:
A: pOH =1
B: pOH =2
C: pOH =13
D: pOH =14
Bi gii:
H + + OH H 2O
n H+
0,02 0,02(mol)
= 0,25.0,04.2 = 0,02(mol)
n OH = 0,5.0,06 = 0,03(mol)
n OH (d- ) = 0,03 0,02 = 0,01(mol)
[OH ] =
0,01
= 0,1 = 101 (mol / l) pOH = 1 A ng
0,04 + 0,06
Bi ton 8:Dung dch HCl c pH = 3, s ln pha long dung dch thu c dung dch
HCl c pH = 4 l:
A: 30
B: 40
C: 70
D: 10
Bi gii:
Dung dch HCl c pH = 4 [H+] = 10-4 (mol/l)
Theo cng thc pha long dung dch:
V1. C1 = V2.C2 V1.10-3 =V2.10-4
10V1 = V2 . Nh vy pha long dung dch ban u 10 ln D ng
Bi ton 9: c dung dch c pH = 8 th phi ly dung dch axit pH = 5 v dung dch
baz pH = 9 theo t l v th tch l:
A: 11:9
B: 8:9
C: 9:11
D:3:4
Bi gii:
Dung dch axit pH = 5 [H+] = 10-5 M
Dung dch baz pH = 9 pOH = 14 - 9 = 5 [OH-] = 10-5M
Gi V1 (lt), V2(lt) l th tch dung dch axit v baz cn ly:
5
n H + = 10 V1 (mol); n OH = 10 V2 (mol)
Khi trn 2 dung dch vi nhau thu c dung dch c pH = 8 (mi trng baz)
pOH = 14 - 8 = 6, [OH-] (d) = 10-6M [H+] phn ng ht
Phn ng trung ho xy ra khi trn:
H + + OH
Trc phn ng:
H 2O
10-5V1.. 10-5V2
phn ng:
10-5V1.. 10-5V1
Sau phn ng:
0
.. 10-5 (V2- V1)
Do dung dch sau khi trn c nng [OH-] = 10-6(M)
6
n OH = 10 (V 1 + V2 ) Ta c: 10-5(V2- V1) = 10-6 (V1+ V2) 9V2 = 11V1
V1 9
=
C ng
V2 11
hay
Bi ton 10:in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr trong thi gian 60 pht, cng
dng in c nh l 0,16 A. Khi lng gam Cu thot ra trn in cc v pH dung dch thu
c sau thi gian in phn l:
A: 1,9 gam v pH =1
B: 0,192 gam v pH =1,22
C: 1,28 gam v pH =3
D: 0,64 gam v pH =2
Bi gii:
p dng cng thc: m X =
m Cu =
M X .I.t
(xem thm phng php in phn)
n.F
64.0,16.60.60
= 0,19(g)
2.96500
Phng trnh in phn dung dch: CuSO4
1
p
CuSO 4 + H 2O
Cu + O 2 + H 2SO 4
2
0,19
2.0,19 0,19
n H+ =
=
= 0,005938 = 5,988.10 3 (mol)
64
64
32
3
5,938.10
+
= 5,938.10 2 pH = -lg5,938.10-2= 1,22 B ng
[H ] =
0,1
n H 2SO4 = n Cu =
Bi ton 11: Cho 1 dung dch X gm: NH +4 0,1M v NH3 0,1M (bit hng s in ly ca
10
NH +4 : K NH+4 = 5.10 ) gi tr pH ca X l:
A: pH =10
B: pH =1,5
C: pH =7,9
Bi gii:
D: pH =9,3
NH 4Cl NH +4 + Cl
NH +4 NH3 +H + : K NH+ = 5.10 10
4
K NH+ =
4
[H ][NH3 ]
= 5.10 10 (mol / l)
+
[NH 4 ]
thay gi tr vo ta c:
5.1010.0,1
10
H =
=
5.10
(mol / l)

0,1
+
pH = -lg (5.10-10) = 9,3 D ng

Bi ton 12:Trn ln V ml dung dch KOH 0,002M vi V ml dung dch HNO 3 0,004 M c 2 V
ml dung dch X . Dung dch X c pH l:
A: pH =1,5
B: pH = 2,0
C: pH =3,0
D: pH = 4,5
Bi gii:
Phng trnh phn ng:
KOH + HNO3 KNO3 + H2O
OH
H + H 2O
0,002V
0,004V
(mol)...
(mol)
3
10
103
n H+ (d- ) =
0,002V
0,002V 2.V
(mol) [H + ] =
: 3 = 0,001 = 103 (mol / lit)
3
3
10
10
10
pH = 3 C ng
Bi ton 13: Th tch ca nc cn thm vo 15 ml dung dch axit HCl c pH=1 c dung
dch axit c pH=3 l:
A. 1,68 lt
B. 2,24 lt
C. 1,12 lt
D. 1,485 lt
Bi gii.
p dng cng thc tnh nhanh.
VH2O = (10pH 1).Vtruoc = (1031 1).0,015 = 1,485lit

D l p n ng
Bi ton 14: Thm 90 ml nc vo 10 ml dung dch NaOH c pH=12 th thu c dung dch c
pH l:
A. pH=3
B. pH=1
C. pH=11
D. pH=13
Bi gii.
Ta c:
Vsau = 10pH.Vtruoc <=> (90 + 10) = 10 (pH 12).10

10 = 10 (pH 12) => pH = 11 => C dung
Bi ton 15: . trung ho hon ton 50ml hn hp X gm HCl v H 2SO4 cn dng 20 ml
NaOH 0,3 M. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ho thu c 0,381 gam hn hp mui kh. Tnh
nng mol ca mi axit v pH ca hn hp X (coi H 2SO4 phn li hon ton thnh ion).
CM(H2SO4 ) = 0,080M v pH = 0,85
A. CM(HCl) = 0,120M ;
CM(H2SO4 ) = 0,024M v pH = 0,92
B. CM(HCl) = 0,072M ;
C. CM(HCl) = 0,065M ; CM(H2SO4 ) = 0,015M v pH = 0,89
D. Kt qu khc
Bi gii.
t x, y l s mol ca HCl v H2SO4 trong 50 ml hn hp
HCl +
NaOH NaCl + H2O
(mol) x
x
x
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
(mol) y
2y
y
Theo trn v ta c :
x = 0,0036
58,5x + 142y = 0,381
x + 2y = 0,3.0,02
y = 0,0012
Vy : CM(HCl ) =
0,0012
0,0036
= 0,072(M), CM(H2SO4 ) =
= 0,024(M)
0,05
0,05
0,006
pH = lg[H+] = lg
= lg0,12 = 0,92
0,05
III. bi ton t gii.

Bi 1. Mt dd c [OH-] = 1,5.10-10 M. dung dch ny c mi trng.
A. Axit
B. trung tnh
C. baz
D. Khng xc nh c.
+
Bi 2. Cho dd HCl c pH = 2. Nng [H ] l
A. 102 M
B. 0.02 M
C. 0.01 M
D. 2.10-2 M.
Bi 3. Chn cu sai:
A. dd mui CH3COOK c pH > 7 B. dd mui NaHCO3 c pH < 7
B. dd mui NH4 Cl c pH < 7
D. dd mui Na2SO4 c pH = 7
Bi 4.Trn ln 2 dd c th tch bng nhau HCl =0.5 M v Ba(OH) 2 = 0.2 M . pOH ca dd thu
c l:
A. 9
B. 12.5
C. 2
D. 13
Bi 5. Cho dd NaOH c pH = 12 (ddX) cn pha long dd X bao nhiu ln thu c dd NaOH
c pH = 11:
A. 10 ln
B. 5 ln
C. 15 ln
D. 20 ln
Bi 6. Phn ng no sau y to ra mi trng axit( theo ng t l s mol cht tham gia phn
ng)
A. HCl + NaOH
B. HCl + Al(OH)3
C.
H2CO3 + NaOH
D. CH3COOH + NaOH
Bi 7.Cho 0,001 mol NH4Cl vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 v un si, sau lm ngui,
thm vo mt t phenol phtalein, dung dch thu c c mu
A. xanh
B. hng
C. trng
D. khng mu
Bi 8. cho a mol CO2 hp th hon ton vo dung dch cha 2a nmol NaOH thu c dung
dch c pH bng:
A. pH <7
B. pH > 7
C. pH =7
D. khng xc nh c
Bi 9. Cn phi pha ch theo t l no v khi lng gia 2 dung dch KNO3 c nng % tng ng l 45% v 15% c mt dung dch KNO3 c nng 20%.
A. 2/3
B. 2/5
C. 1/5
D. 3/5
Bi 10. Lm bay hi 500ml dung dch HNO3 20% (D = 1,2g/ml) ch cn 300 g dung
dch. Nng phn trm ca dung dch ny l :
A. 30%
B. 40%
C. 35%
D. 38%
Bi 11. Tnh s ml H2O cn thm vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch mi
c nng 0,1M.
A. 9000 ml
B. 18000 ml
C. 11000 ml
D. 17000 ml
Bi 12. Trn 100ml dung dch KOH c pH = 12 vi 100ml dung dch HCl 0,012M. pH ca
dung dch thu c sau khi trn l :
A. 2
B. 4
C. 3
D. 5
Bi 13. Trn 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,05M vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,06M. pH ca dung dch
to thnh l:
A. 2,7
B. 1,6
C. 1,9
D. 2,4
Cha kha vng 20

Gii nhanh bi ton bng cng thc
I. C s l thuyt:
gii nhanh bi ton bng cc cng thc l v cng quan trng trong cc k thi,
bi n tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian, mt khc n cn ph hp vi phng php trc
nghim nh hin nay. Lm c nh vy mi vt tri so vi cc i th khc.
1. Gp bi ton: Cho n mol( hoc V lt.) oxit axit CO2 ( SO2) tc dng vi
dung dch Ca(OH)2, (Ba(OH)2 ) thu c a mol kt ta, sau un nng dung
dch li thu c b mol kt ta na th ta ch cn p dng nhanh cng thc sau:
n CO2 = a + 2.b (*)
Bn cht: Khi sc kh CO2 vo dung dch nc vi trong Ca(OH)2 ta c cc

phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
(1)
(2)
Khi un nng dung dch ta c phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
(3)
T (1) (2) (3) ta s c (*) nh trn.

2. Gp bi ton: Nung m gam Fe trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian ta thu c a
gam hn hp cht rn X gm Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO. Ho tan ht a gam hn hp cht
rn X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c V lt kh NO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy
nht v dung dch mui sau khi lm khan c b gam . Nu bi ton cn tnh mt
trong cc gi tr m, a, b, V th ta p dng nhanh cc cng thc i y.
a. Trng hp 1: tnh khi lng st ban u trc khi b xi ha thnh m gam hn hp X
gm: Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 .
7.a + 56.n e
10
V
mol .
22, 4
V
mol .
+ Nu sn phm kh l NO th n e = 3.
22, 4
V
mol .
+ Nu sn phm kh l N2O th n e = 8.
22, 4
V
mol
+ Nu sn phm kh l N2 th n e = 10.
22, 4
m Fe =
(**) , trong n e =
b. Trng hp 2: tnh khi lng a gam hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 .
a hh =
10.m Fe 56.n e
7
(2) trong ne cng tng t nh trn.
c. Trng hp 3: tnh khi lng b gam mui to thnh khi cho a gam hn hp X
gm: Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 vo dung dch HNO3 nng d.
n Fe( NO3 )3 = n Fe =
m Fe
= ymol, b = m Fe( NO3 )3 = 242.y gam(3)
56
d. Trng hp 4: tnh khi lng mui to thnh khi cho m gam hn hp X gm: Fe,
FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng d.
m
1
n Fe2 (SO4 )3 = .n Fe = Fe = x mol , m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = 400.x gam(4)
2
112
3. Gp bi ton: Cho m gam hn hp nhiu kim loi hot ng tan hon ton trong
dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c V lt H2 kh ( duy nht ktc). Nu bi ton cn
tnh a gam khi lng mui sunfat thu c th ta p dng nhanh cng thc:
a = m mui = m KL + mSO2 = m KL + 96.n H2 (***) .

4
4. Gp bi ton: Cho m gam hn hp nhiu kim loi hot ng tan hon ton trong
dung dch HCl long d thu c V lt H2 kh ( duy nht ktc). Nu bi ton cn
tnh b gam khi lng mui clorua thu c th ta p dng nhanh cng thc:
b = m mui = m KL + m Cl = m KL + 71.n H 2 (****) .
5. Gp bi ton: Nhng mt thanh kim loi A ha tr a ( khng tan trong nc) nng
m1 gam vo V lt dung dch B (NO3)b xM. Sau mt thi gan ly thanh A ra v cn
nng m2 gam. Nu bi ton cn tnh khi lng m gam kim loi B thot ra th ta p
dng nhanh cng thc:
m B = a.M B .
m 2 m1
(*****)
a.M B b.M A
6. Trn y l mt s dng cc bi ton tiu biu p dng nhanh cc cng thc,

song tc gi khuyn co trc khi s dng cc cng thc th chng ta phi chng
minh c cng thc v tng lm cc bi ton lin quan sau rt ra cc
cng thc tnh nhanh cho ring mnh. Nu chng ta p dng cng thc m khng
bit bn cht th cng ging nh con dao 2 li m thi. Trong cha kha vng ny
th tc gi a ra cch gii nhanh, ngn gn, ngoi ra cng cn nhiu dng bi ton
khc cng c a vo trong bi ton p dng ny.
II. bi ton p dng:
Bi ton 1: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H-C Khi B 2008): Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui
cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d),
sinh ra 0,448 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi M l:
A: Li
B: Na
C: K
D: Rb
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc: M hh =
1,9
= 95 M + 61 < 95 < 2M + 60
0,02
17,5 < M < 34 M l Na (23) p n B ng

Bi ton 2: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C Khi B 2008) Cho mt lng bt Zn vo
dung dch X gm FeCl2 v CuCl2, khi lng cht rn sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton nh hn khi lng bt Zn ban u l 0,5 gam. C cn phn dung dch sau phn
ng thu c 13,6 gam mui khan. Tng khi lng cc mui trong X l:
A. 13,1 gam
B. 17,0 gam
C. 19,5 gam
D. 14,1 gam
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc: mX = 13,6 - 0,5 = 13,1 g
A ng
Bi ton 3: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C Khi B- 2007) Nung m gam bt st trong
oxi thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO 3
d thot ra 0.56 lt NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m l:
A. 2.52 gam
B. 1.96 gam.
C. 3.36 gam.
D. 2.10 gam.
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc:
m Fe =
7.m hh + 56.n e 7.3 + 56.0,025.3

=
= 2,52gam => A ng
10
10
Bi ton 4: ( Trch thi tuyn sinh H C- Khi A- 2008). Cho 11.36 gam hn hp
gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c
1.344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch
X sau phn ng c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 34.36 gam.
B. 35.50 gam.
C. 49.09 gam
D. 38.72 gam.
Bi gii.
7.m hh + 56.n e 7.11,36 + 56.0,06.3
m Fe =
=
= 8,96gam
10
10
=> D ng
8,96
n Fe( NO3 )3 = n Fe =
= 0,16mol, m Fe( NO3 )3 = 0,16.242 = 38,72gam
56
Bi ton 5: Nung 8.4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu c m gam X gm Fe,
FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 . Ho tan m gam hn hp X bng HNO3 d, thu c 2.24 lt kh
NO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m l:
A. 11.2 gam.
B. 25.2 gam.
C. 43.87 gam
D. 6.8 gam.
Bi gii.

Ta c; m hh =
10.m Fe 56.n e 10.8, 4 56.0,1.

=
= 11, 2gam =>A ng
7
7
Bi ton 6: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4 , FeO trong dung

dch HNO3 c nng thu c 4,48 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc). C cn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2gam mui khan, gi tr m l:
A: 78,4g
B: 139,2g
C: 46,4g
D: 46,256g
Bi gii:
145, 2
= 0,6mol => mFe = 0,6.56=33,6 gam
242
10.m Fe 56.n e 10.33,6 56.0, 2
=
=
= 46, 4gam => C ng
7
7
n Fe = n Fe(NO3 )3 =
m hh
Bi ton 7: Ho tan hon ton 49.6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 bng
H2SO4 c, nng thu c dung dch Y v 8.96 lt kh SO2(ktc). Thnh phn phn
trm v khi lng ca oxi trong hn hp X v khi lng mui trong dung dch Y ln lt l:
A. 20.97% v 140 gam.
B. 37.50% v 140 gam.
C. 20.97% v 180 gam
D.37.50% v 120 gam.
Bi gii:
7.m hh + 56.n e 7.49,6 + 56.0, 4.2

=
= 39, 2gam
10
10
49,6 39, 2
%O =
.100 = 20,97%
49,6
1
39, 2
n Fe2 (SO4 )3 = n Fe =
= 0,35mol, m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = 0,35.400 = 140gam => A ng
2
56.2
m Fe =
Bi ton 8: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 3O4, Fe2O3, cn 0,05

mol H2. Mt khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H 2SO4
c nng th thu c th tch V ml SO2 (ktc). Gi tr V(ml) l:
A.112 ml
B. 224 ml
C. 336 ml
D. 448 ml.
Bi gii:
n O = n H = 0,05mol, m O = 0,05.16 = 0,8gam , mFe = mxit mO =2,24 gam
ne =
10.22, 4 7.3,04
= 0,01mol, Vso 2 = 0,01.22, 4 = 0, 224lit = 224ml B ng
56.2
Bi ton 9: Cho 2,8 gam CaO tc dng vi mt lng nc d thu c dung dch X. Sc
1,68 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch X thu c lng kt ta sau un nng dung
dch th thu c lng kt ta na. Tng khi lng kt ta thu c l :
A. 2,5 gam
B. 5,0 gam.
C. 7,5 gam.
D. 10 gam.
Bi gii.
n CO2 = a + 2b => y =
n CO2 a
2
nh vy tng s mol kt ta
0,075 0,025
= 0,025mol
2
n CaCO3 = a + b = 0,025 + 0,025 = 0,05mol, => m CaCO = 0,05.100 = 5,0 gam

3
=> B ng.
Bi ton 10: Sc V lt CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 thu dc 3 gam kt ta, lc
tch kt ta dung dch cn li mang un nng thu c 2 gam kt ta na. Gi tr V
lt l:
A: 0,448 lt
B: 0,896 lt
C: 0,672 lt
D: 1,568 lt
Bi gii.
p dng nhanh cng thc: n CO2 = a + 2b = 0,03 + 2.0,02 = 0,07 mol

VCO2 = 0,07.22,4= 1,568 lt => p n ng l D.
Bi ton 11: Cho tan hon ton 58 gam hn hp A gm Fe, Cu, Ag trong dung dch
HNO3 2M long nng thu c dung dich B v 0.15 mol kh NO v 0.05 mol NO2 . C cn
dung dich B khi lng mui khan thu c l:
A. 120.4 gam
B. 89.8 gam
C. 116.9 gam
D. kt qu khc.
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc: mmui khan = mFe, Cu, Ag + m NO3
mmui khan = 58 + ( 3.0,15 + 8.0,05 ).62 = 116,9g C ng

Bi ton 12: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 11.2 gam Fe v 16 gam Fe2O3 vo HNO3
long d th thu c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi NaOH ri lc kt ta nung trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l:
A. 16 gam
B. 32 gam
C. 64g
D. kt qu khc.
Bi gii:
1
0,2 + 0,1 .2
n Fe2O3 = n Fe =
= 0, 2mol m Fe2O3 = 0, 2.160 = 32gam B ng
2
2
Bi ton 13: Cho 24,4g hn hp Na2CO3, K2CO3 tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl2.
Sau phn ng thu c 39,4g kt ta. Lc tch kt ta, c cn dung dch thu c m gam
clorua, gi tr m gam l:
A: 28,6 gam
B: 68,2 gam
C: 26,6 gam
D: 66,2 gam
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc: m = 24,4 + 0,2 . 208 - 39,4 = 26,6gam C ng
Bi ton 14: Ho tan 10.14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch
HCl thu c 7.84 lt kh X (ktc) v 1.54 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. C cn
dung dch Z thu c m gam mui. Gi tr m gam l:
A. 21.025 gam
B. 33.45 gam
C. 14.8125 gam
D. 18.6 gam
Bi gii:
m = m (Al+ Mg) + m Cl = (10,14 1,54) + 0,7.35,5 = 8,6 + 24,85 = 33,45(g) B ng
Bi ton 15: Ho tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp Mg, Fe trong dung dch HCl d thy to
ra 2.24 lit kh H2 (ktc) c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan: Gi
tr m gam l:
A. 13.55 gam
B. 15.7 gam
C 17.1 gam
D. 11.775 gam
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc:mmui = 10 + 0,1 .71 = 17,1 (g) C ng
Bi ton 16: Trn 5.4 gam Al vi 6 gam FeO 3 ri nung nng thc hin phn ng
nhit nhm (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), bit hiu sut phn ng l 80%.
Sau phn ng thu c m gam hn hp cht rn. Gi tr m gam l:
A. 11.4 gam
B. 9.12 gam
C. 14.25 gam
D. 8,12 gam
Bi gii:
Do trong bnh kn khng c khng kh nn:
m h 2sau = m h 2tr- c = 5,4 + 6 = 11,4g
A ng
Bi ton 17: Cho 0.52 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Mg, Al tan hon ton trong dung dch
H2SO4 long d thu c 0.336 lt kh ktc. Khi lng mui sunfat thu c l:
A. 1.24 gam
B. 6.28 gam
C. 1.96 gam
D. 3.4 gam.
Bi gii:
m mui = m KL + mSO2 = 0,52 + 0,015.96 = 1,96g C ng
4
Bi ton 18: Cho 2.81 gam hn hp A gm 3 oxit kim loi MgO, ZnO, Fe2O3 ho tan va
trong 300 ml dung dch H 2SO4 0.1 M . C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lng
gam cc mui sunfat khan thu c l:
A. 5.21 gam
B. 4.25 gam
C. 5.14 gam
D. 4.55 gam
Bi gii:
m mui = m oxit + m H2SO4 m H2O = 2,81 + 0,03.98 0, 03.18 = 5, 21gam A ng
Bi ton 19: Ho tan hon ton 30,25 gam hn hp Zn v Fe vo dung dch HCl d
thy c 11.2 lt kh thot ra ktc v dung dch X , c cn dung dch X th c m
gam mui khan. Gi tr m gam l:
A.37.75 gam
B. 55.5 gam
C. 46,68 gam
D. 67,75 gam.
Bi gii:
m = m Kl + m Cl = 30, 25 + 0,5.71 = 65,75 gam => D ng
Bi ton 20: Ho tan hon ton m1 gam hn hp 3 kim loi A, B( u ho tr II), C (ho
tr III) vo dung dch HCl d thy c V lt kh thot ra ktc v dung dch X , c cn
dung dch X th c m2 gam mui khan. Biu thc lin h gia m1, m2, V l:
A. m2 = m1 + 71V
B. 112 m2 = 112 m1 +355V
C. m2 = m1 + 35.5V
D. 112 m2 = 112m1 + 71V
Bi gii:
n Cl = n HCl = 2n H2 = 2
V
V
=
(mol)
22, 4 11, 2
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:
m 2 = m KL + m Cl = m1 +
V
355V
.35,5 = m1 +
B ng
11, 2
112
Bi ton 21: Thi mt lung kh CO d qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm CuO,

Fe3O4, nung nng thu c 2.32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra sc vo nc vi trong
d thy c 5 gam kt ta trng. Gi tr m gam l:
A. 2.39 gam
B. 3.12 gam
C. 3.92 gam
D. 3.93 gam.
Bi gii:
moxit = mKL + mO (trong oxt) = 2,32 + 0,05 . 16 = 3,12 g B ng
Bi ton 22: Ha tan 14 gam hn hp 2 mui ACO3 v B2(CO3)3 bng dung dch HCl d
thu c dung dch X v 0,672 lt kh ktc. C cn dung dch X th thu c m gam
mui khan. Gi tr m gam mui khan l:
A. 14,33 gam
B. 25,00 gam
C. 15,32 gam
D. 15,80 gam
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc: mmui clorua = 14 + 0,03.11 = 14,33(g) A ng
Bi ton 23: Cho 2,81 gam hn hp gm 3 xit: Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO tan va trong
300ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1 M th khi lng mui sunfat khan to ra l:
A. 5,33 gam
B. 5,21 gam
C. 3,52 gam
D. 5,68 gam
Bi gii:
mmui= 2,81+(96-16).0,03= 2,81 + 2,4 = 5,21g B ng
Bi ton 24: Cho 30 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi M l:
A: Li
B: Na
C: K
D: Rb
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc: M hh =
30
= 120 M + 61 < 120 < 2M + 60
0,25
30 < M < 59 M l Kali (39) p n C ng

Bi ton 25: Hp th hon ton V lt CO 2 (ktc) vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 thu c 10
gam kt ta. Loi b kt ta ri nung nng phn dung dch cn li thu c 5 gam kt
ta na. Gi tr V lt l:
A: 4,48 lt
B: 2,24 lt
C: 1,12 lt
D: 3,36 lt
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc: n CO2 = x + 2y = 0,1 + 0,05.2 = 0, 2(mol)
VCO2 = 0, 2.22, 4 = 4, 48 lt A ng
Bi ton 26: Th tch ca nc cn thm vo 15 ml dung dch axit HCl c pH=1 c
dung dch axit c pH=3 l:
A. 1,68 lt
B. 2,24 lt
C. 1,12 lt
D. 1,485 lt
Bi gii.
p dng cng thc tnh nhanh.
VH2O = (10pH 1).Vtruoc = (1031 1).0,015 = 1,485lit =>D ng

III. bi ton t gii.
Bi 1: Cho m1 gam hn hp X gm 3 kim loi A(ho tri2), B( ho tr 3), C(ho tr n)
u dng bt tc dng hon ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng
m2 gam. Th tch V(ll) dung dch HCl a M va phn ng ht vi dung dch
Y l: Gi tr V(lt) l: ( bit m2 > m1).
A. (m2 - m1) : 32 a
B. (m2 - m1) : a
C. (m2 - m1) : 16 a
D. (m2 - m1) : 8 a.
Bi 2: Cho m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 th cn 100 ml dung dch HCl
0.3 M v ta thu c dung dch Y gm 2 mui. Cho dung dch KOH d vo dung
dch Y thu c kt ta Z. em nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th
thu c 1.6 gam cht rn G. Gi tr m l.
A. 0.64 gam.
B. 0.56 gam.
C. 3.04 gam D. kt qu khc.
Bi 3: Cho 8.32 gam Cu tc dng vi V ml HNO3 1 M thu c 4.928 lt kh hn hp 2
kh NO v NO2. Gi tr V ml l: (Bit cc kh o ktc).
A.120 ml
B. 240 ml
C.360 ml
D. 480 ml.
Bi 4. Cho 21gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Fe, Zn, Al tan hon ton trong dung dch
H2SO4 0.5M, thu c 6.72 lt kh H2 ( 00C, 2atm). Khi lng gam mui khan thu c
sau khi c cn dung dch v th tch lt dung dch axit ti thiu cn dng l:
A. 78.6 gam v 1.2 lt.

B. 46,4 gam v 2,24 lt
C. 46,4 gam v 1.2 lt
D. 78.6 gam v 1,12 lt
Bi 5. Cho mt lung kh clo tc dng vi 9.2 gam kim loi sinh ra 23.4g mui kim loi
ho tr I. Mui kim loi ho tri I l:
A. LiCl
B. KCl
C. NaCl.
D. AgCl
Bi 6. Ho tan m gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I v kim loi ho
tr II bng dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v V lt CO2 (ktc). C cn dung
dch A thu c (m + 3.3) gam mui clorua khan. Gi tr V lt l:
A. 6.72 lt.
B. 2.24 lt
C.3.36 lt
D. 4.48 lt .
Bi 7. Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO,
Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 thu c 64 gam hn hp cht rn v kh X. Cho kh X li qua dung
dch nc vi trong thu c 40 gam kt ta. Gi tr m gam l:
A. 80.4 gam
B. 70.4 gam.
C. 96.4 gam
D. 75.8 gam
Bi 8: Ha tan 20 gam hn hp 2 mui MCO3 v N2(CO3)3 bng dung dch HCl d, thu
c dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh (ktc). C cn dung dch A th thu c m gam
mui khan. m c gi tr l:
A. 20,33 gam.
B. 20,46 gam C. 15,26 gam
D. 18,43 gam
Bi 9: Ha tan 5,94 gam hn hp 2 mui clorua ca 2 kim loi A, B (u c ho tr II)
vo nc c dung dch X. lm kt ta ht ion Clo c trong dung dch X ngi ta
cho dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 thu c 17,22 gam kt ta. Lc b kt
ta, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y c m gam hn hp mui khan. m c gi tr l:
A. 8,36 gam
B. 12,6 gam
C. 10,12 gam
D. 9,12 gam.
Bi 10: Ho tan hn hp gm 0.5 gam Fe v mt kim loi ho tr II trong dung dch HCl
d thu c 1.12 lt kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi ho tr II l:
A. Mg
B. Ca
C. Zn
D. Be.
Bi 11: Khi ho tan 7.7 gam hp kim gm natri v kali vo nc thy thot ra 3.36 lt kh
H2(ktc). Thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca kali trong hp kim l:
A. 39.23
B. 25.33.
C. 74.67
D. 23.89
Bi 12: X v Y l hai nguyn t halogen 2 chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon.
kt ta ht ion X-, Y- trong dung dch cha 4,4 gam mui natri ca chng cn 150 ml
dung dch AgNO3 0,4 M. X v Y l
A. Flo, clo
B. Clo, brom. C. Brom, iot
D. Khng xc nh c.
Bi 13: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A, B nm k tip nhau trong nhm IA. Ly 7,2 gam
X ho tan hon ton vo nc thu c 4,48 lt hiro ( ktc). A v B l
A. Li, Na.
B. Na, K
C. K, Rb
D. Rb, Cs
Bi 14: Chia m gam hn hp Al, Fe thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
- Phn 1 tc dng NaOH d thu c x mol kh.
- Phn 2 tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO 3 thu c y mol kh NO duy nht. Gi tr
m tnh theo x v y l:
56y 116x
27x 112y
A. m =
.
B. m =
3
3
112x 108y
54y 112x
C. m =
D. m =
3
3

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Ii. Bi ton p dng:

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Cch 1: Quy hn hp cht rn X v hai cht Fe, Fe2O3

m Fe2O3 = 3 - 0,025 .56 = 1,6gam n Fe(trong Fe O ) = 2. 1,6 = 0,02mol

mFe = 56(0,025 + 0,02) = 2,52 gam A ng

Cch 2: Quy hn hp cht rn X v hai cht FeO, Fe2O3

mFe = 56 .(0,075 + (-0,03)) = 2,52 gam A ng

mFe = 56.0,06 = 3,36g C sai

Cch 3: Quy hn hp cht rn X v mt cht l Fex Oy

Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.

7.m hh + 56.n e 7.3 + 56.0,025.3

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T (1) mFe = 56 . 0,06 = 3,36 g

mX = 242 (0,06 + 0,1) = 38,72g D ng

Cch 2: Quy hn hp v hai cht: FeO, Fe2O3

m Fe(NO3 )3 = 242(0,18 + 0,02) = 38,72g

Cch 3: Quy hn hp v mt cht FexOy

Cch 4. p dng phng php quy i nguyn t

n e = 2y + 0,18 = 3x, => 3x 2y = 0,18

Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,16 mol, y=0,15 mol.

n Fe( NO3 )3 = n Fe = x = 0,16mol, => m Fe( NO3 )3 = 0,16.242 = 38,72gam , D ng

Cch 5: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.

7.m hh + 56.n e 7.11,36 + 56.0,06.3

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S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe2O3 l:

+ Nu khng cn bng pt : n Fe = n NO2 = 0,1mol n Fe =

p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t st: n Fe =

mX = 0,025 . 448 = 11,2g A ng

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ca hn hp cc cht rn st v xit st, n e l s mol e trao i. Cng thc ny c chng

10.m Fe 56.n e 10.8, 4 56.0,1.

Cch 2: Tng t cch 2 quy i hn hp X v FeO v Fe 2O3 m = 8,4 g

7.m hh + 56.n e 7.11, 2 + 56.0,1

m h 2X = m Fe + n Fe2O3 = 0,66.56 + 0, 266.160 = 46, 256g

Cch 2: Quy hn hp X v hn hp 2 cht FeO v Fe2O3 ta c:

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FeO + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3 )3 + NO 2 + 2H 2O (3)

Ch : + Nu t (4) khng cn bng

mX = 0,2 (72 + 2 . 160) = 78,4 gam A sai

p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t Fe:

Ch : + Nu mhh = 0,6 232 = 139,2 g B sai

Fe2 O3 + 3H 2SO 4 Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 + 3H 2 O

m Fe2O3 = 49, 6 0,8.72 = 8g

noxi (X) = 0,8 + 3.(-0,05) = 0,65mol

m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = [0, 4 + ( 0, 05)).400 = 140gam A ng

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Ta xem 49,6 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4 l hn hp ca x mol Fe v y

n e = 2y + 0,18 = 3x, => 3x 2y = 0,8

Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,7 mol, y=0,65 mol.