GeoFrame 4.

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Mistie Calculation

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Mistie Calculation
Table of Contents
Overview Basemap Functions Horizon Source Survey Scope Extracting and Calculating Misties Apply Corrections Output Mistie to File Basemap Mistie Display Seismic Functions Seismic Plot/Adjust Mistie Display Correlate Mistie

GeoFrame 4.2

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Mistie Calculation
Overview Overview

GeoFrame 4.2

Access Mistie Calculation from IMain - Basemap > Functions. Mistie calculates, displays, and applies a correction for 2D line intersection misties. They may also be output to a file. A mistie is a value associated with the intersection of two seismic lines. The value shows how well the two traces (in the same geographical position) match. Ideally, they should match perfectly, but this is seldom the case. The mistie correction is a value associated with a 2D seismic line. It is the amount needed to shift the entire line (up or down) to minimize the misties. It is not always appropriate to correct a mistie in this way; the error might lie in the trace coordinates for one or both of the lines. Such problems must be corrected outside IMain2D or 2D/3D. The mistie values are stored on a per-project level, (rather than on a horizon basis) where each intersection can have only one defined mistie. If several sub-projects share the same seismic data, each may have different stored intersection mistie values. The mistie correction values for individual lines are stored in the database along with the seismic description. A line may have only one correction value. Sub-projects that share a seismic line also share the stored correction value. Index

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Mistie Calculation
Overview

GeoFrame 4.2

When 2D intersections are generated, a default mistie value of 0ms is assigned. This value is updated with the first execution of Extract Mistie, and is modified on subsequent runs according to the scope criteria. Since the mistie values stored in the database represent those generated from the last execution of Extract Mistie, the actual values displayed may not refer to the current active horizon. In addition, only misties for the specified surveys will be shown. Two options determine the scope of the actual mistie extraction and adjustment within the sub-project, these are: Horizon Source - This determines which horizon(s) will be input for evaluation. Survey Scope - This option selects which survey(s) will be included in the mistie extraction and possible correction calculations. The interactive processes available for this functionality are: Extract Mistie Print Mistie Calc Corrections as Average Calc Corrections by Reference Calc One Correction Previous Topic Previous Page Next Page Contents Index 4

Mistie Calculation
Overview
Set One Correction Apply Corrections Output to file

GeoFrame 4.2

Mistie information can be displayed in the Basemap and Seismic windows by toggling on the appropriate Display Options. After mistie values have been determined, the Correlate Mistie function can be used in the Seismic window.

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Mistie Calculation
Overview
Procedure
O Mistie Calculation only applies to time-indexed seismic data.

GeoFrame 4.2

If several surfaces exist for the horizon, the average mistie value will be calculated. All surfaces which are interpreted on both 2D lines will be considered. The following is an example of using Mistie. The individual functions are explained in detail in the relevant sections. 1. Select the horizon(s) and survey(s) you want to work with from IMain - Seismic > Selections > All Horizons and IMain - Basemap > Selections > Surveys. 2. To see the interpretation from intersecting lines turn on IMain - Seismic > Options > Seismic Display > Interpretation [Setup] - Line Ties. 3. Choose IMain - Basemap > Functions > Mistie. 4. Using the main Mistie Calculation dialog box, Extract the mistie values for either the Active horizon or all the horizons in the selected list. You can then print the mistie values on the Basemap. 5. In order to display mistie information on the Basemap, the Basemap Display toggle must be on, as must the relevant toggle buttons within the Basemap Mistie Display window. The Basemap Mistie Display window is accessed by pressing the Setup... button.

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Mistie Calculation
Overview

GeoFrame 4.2

6. The Seismic Plot/Adjust Mistie toggle button must be on before the Correlate Mistie button can be activated. 7. You may then use Correlate Mistie on a seismic section composed at the intersection between two lines to adjust the mistie values at the intersection manually, by dragging the seismic window. This allows you to move one side of the composed section up or down to correlate the seismic. The value you decide on will supersede the extracted value for that intersection on the Basemap. 8. You may want to Calculate Corrections (based on extracted or correlated intersection misties) for the Active horizon, all the Selected horizons, for the Active survey or for all Selected surveys. You can calculate the mistie correction relative to one line (where you may have reliable data), or calculate by average across the whole survey. 9. Apply the corrections to the horizon on a single line or across the whole survey. If you do not want to overwrite your original interpretation, the corrected interpretation can be stored to a different horizon. 10. You can then turn to the Seismic and Grid windows to see the effect of the mistie corrections. Any remaining lines of spurious interpretation can be individually adjusted by using the Seismic Plot/ Adjust Mistie toggle button. 11. The Output to file option can be used to output mistie information in various formats.

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Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions Basemap Functions
Horizon Source
This determines which horizon(s) will be input for evaluation. Active

GeoFrame 4.2

The Active setting refers to the currently active horizon, set in IMain - Seismic > Selections > Horizons. This feature allows you to calculate and apply mistie values to the seismic on a horizon-by-horizon basis. Selected The average mistie value of the surfaces of all selected horizons will be calculated. All surfaces which are interpreted on both 2D lines will be considered.

Survey Scope
This option selects which survey(s) will be included in the mistie extraction and possible correction calculations. Active The Active option refers only to the top or first survey on the Surveys list in the Basemap window.

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Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions
Selected

GeoFrame 4.2

Setting Selected includes all of the surveys selected for the project; like all of the 2D lines visible on the Basemap.

Extracting and Calculating Misties

The interactive processes available for this functionality are: Extract Mistie Print Mistie Calc Corrections as Average Calc Corrections by Reference Calc One Correction Set One Correction Below is a brief description of each function. To use, click MB1 on the selected process and note that the Function name appears in the Active function area in the lower left of the Basemap window. To start the function, move the cursor onto the Basemap (according to the guidelines below) and click MB1 again.

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Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions
Extract Mistie

GeoFrame 4.2

This function is used to search all line intersections based upon the Horizon and Survey options selected, and store/update the mistie value for each in the database. Select Extract Mistie from the Mistie Calculation dialog box and click MB1 anywhere in the Basemap window to start the process. Print Mistie (see below) will display the results. To reset all the mistie values to undefined, click the function, then click the middle (MB2) button on the Basemap. Print Mistie Use this function to display the mistie values derived for all intersections along a specified line. After running the above Extract Mistie calculation, activate the Print Mistie function, then select the lines to display by clicking MB1 on the desired line on the Basemap. The mistie values will appear in blue. If two intersecting lines are chosen, the mistie at the intersection will have opposite signs (e.g. +7 for one line, -7 for the other). However, the system will only show one set of mistie values, with the sign relative to the line that was selected last. If the screen becomes very cluttered, the system may not print mistie values, rather than print them on top of each other. Make the window larger or use the Zoom function (accelerator key z) if this happens. Print Mistie is a function like other Basemap interactive functions. If you use another function, such as Zoom, the printed mistie values will disappear. Previous Topic Previous Page Next Page Contents Index 10

Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions
Calc Corrections as Average

GeoFrame 4.2

Use this function to calculate correction values based on all of the mistie values previously extracted. Averaged values are derived across the data set, which minimize the mistie at each intersection. Select the Calc Corrections as Average function, then click the MB1 anywhere in the Basemap window to start the calculation. Pressing the middle button (MB2) will reset all of the correction values to zero. Calc Corrections by Reference This function is used to calculate mistie corrections for an intersecting grid of 2D lines based on a userselected reference line. The reference line is assumed to have a zero correction, and the algorithm will calculate the mistie correction values for the other lines in relation to this line. When using this function, it may be necessary to select more than one reference line to cover the entire survey(s). If a line is not connected to the reference line (through a series of intersections with defined mistie values), it will not be possible to adjust its correction. To use this function, run the above Extract Mistie and Print Mistie functions to establish the reference line(s). Select the Calc Corrections by Reference function then click on the first chosen reference line on the Basemap. This process should be repeated as necessary to cover the entire survey(s), each time selecting an appropriate reference line (see Note above). Areas not connected to the chosen reference line will not be overwritten for subsequent runs of this function.

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Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions
Calc One Correction

GeoFrame 4.2

This function is used to generate a single correction value on a line-by-line basis, based on the average mistie along the individual line. Any previously stored correction value for that line will be updated in the database. Click on the Calc One Correction function, then place the cursor on the desired line and click MB1. The selected line name and calculated correction value will appear in the lower right of the Basemap window. Click on the line with the middle button (MB2) to reset the correction value to zero. Set One Correction Use this function to set a correction value for a selected line manually. Select the Set One Correction function, place the cursor on the desired line in the Basemap window, press and hold MB1. The cursor will change to a double-ended arrow. Dragging the cursor up (increase) or down (decrease) will change the correction value, which is displayed in the message area of the Basemap window. When the desired correction value is displayed, release the mouse button. This sets the value and updates the value in the database, overwriting any previously stored correction value for that line. Selecting the line with the middle button (MB2) will reset the stored correction value to zero.

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Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions
Apply Corrections

GeoFrame 4.2

This function allows you to modify the stored values for selected interpreted horizons by applying the last stored corrections generated in Mistie Calculation. The same correction values may be applied to more then one horizon, however, only one horizon at a time may be modified. See Extracting and Calculating Misties for details on correction value calculation. Source Horizon This parameter allows you to apply the last saved mistie correction to any selected horizon values. Highlight the horizon to be modified by clicking on the name with the MB1. Destination This parameter specifies to which horizon to save the modified interpretation values to. The corrected version may be saved to the same horizon name as the Source, thus overwriting the current values stored; or saved to a different horizon name for further comparison. Note that this list only shows the defined horizons currently available in the Selected Horizons list found in the IMain - Seismic Selections > Horizons. To choose an output horizon, highlight the name by clicking on it with MB1. Apply One Line Use this option to correct the interpreted horizon values on a line-by-line basis, when only a few lines need adjustment. After selecting the Source and Destination horizons, click MB1 on the Apply One Line button to activate the option. Then, click MB1 directly on the line(s) to be modified in the Basemap window. Previous Topic Previous Page Next Page Contents Index 13

Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions
Apply All Lines

GeoFrame 4.2

Select this option to modify all of the lines with stored mistie correction values. To use, highlight the desired Source and Destination horizons, then click MB1 on the Apply All Lines button. A pop-up warning will appear to confirm the overwrite of the Destination horizon (even if it contains no interpretation). To continue, click MB1 on the OK button, and the correction values will be applied and saved to the database.

Output Mistie to File

This function allows you to output stored mistie information to a file for subsequent viewing, printing and further processing. The format and output file name can be specified. Clicking on the Output to file... button will open the Output Mistie to file dialog, where you can specify how you want the output to appear, from the available options.

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Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions
Output Format Screen Display

GeoFrame 4.2

Output is displayed in the FrameViewer. You may browse the output and/or send it to a printer. No output file is specified for this format. Plain Text Output is a text version suitable, for example, printing on a dumb printer. Output is formatted in fixed width columns separated by spaces. Overflowing fields (for example, long names) will be truncated. This format is also suitable as input to Segment Load (for creating an ITL). Parseable Text This is similar to Plain Text, but no formatting is done. Output fields (columns) are separated by semicolons and are not truncated. More information is presented here than with the other formats, but the format is not very readable. The output is suitable for further processing by tools outside Charisma. Framemaker MIF Generate a Maker Interchange Format file suitable for reading into FrameMaker or another tool understanding MIF. Information will be displayed in one table per 2D line.

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Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions
Line Selection

GeoFrame 4.2

Usually, the output contains all the lines currently selected on the Basemap. All intersections will appear twice, for instance, as LineA x LineB and LineB x LineA. If you want a more detailed selection, press the Select Lines... button to open the Select Lines window. The Advanced line selection toggle to the left of this button shows whether this detailed selection should be used. If the toggle is off, then the selections made in the Select Lines window will be ignored. The Select Lines window must also be used if you want different lists for base lines and intersecting lines (list all intersections between SurveyA and SurveyB). The most common usage is either to have the two lists equal (as with calculate mistie within a survey or project) or completely unconnected (like calculate mistie between surveys). If the lists overlap in part, the output statistics may be confusing. The dialog contains a selection for Base Lines and Intersection Lines. These work in the same manner, so only one is described below. The only exception is that if the selection list for Intersecting Lines is empty, it is assumed to be equal to the Base Line list. Three lists are displayed. A fourth list, Applied, is not shown, but may be inferred.

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Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions
Base Lines Surveys: The list of surveys in the project.

GeoFrame 4.2

Lines in survey: When one or more surveys are highlighted in the Surveys list, this list contains all the lines in those surveys that have not yet been selected into the Selections list. Selection: The list of lines the user has selected from the Lines in survey list. To select, use MB1 to double click on them. Short-cuts for operating on the lists Single click in the Surveys list: Affects display in the Lines in survey list only. Double click in the Surveys list or press the All button. Transfer all the lines in the highlighted surveys to the Selection list. Double click in the Lines in survey list, or press the right facing pointer button: Transfer the highlighted line to the Selection list. Double click in the Selection list, or press the left facing pointer button: Remove the highlighted line from the Selection list. It will appear back in the Lines in survey list if the survey is currently highlighted. Press the Clear button to remove all lines from the Selection list. They will appear back in the Lines in survey list if the corresponding surveys are currently highlighted. Previous Topic Previous Page Next Page Contents Index 17

Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions
Line Selection Procedure For double-click short cuts, see above.

GeoFrame 4.2

1 Select the Survey(s) from which the Base Lines are to be taken, with the MB1 (click, hold and drag the cursor to highlight several surveys at once). Once selected, it will be highlighted in black. All the lines in the chosen survey(s) will be shown in the Lines in survey list. 2 Press the All button to select all of the listed lines. The selected lines will appear in the Selection list, or select lines individually with MB1 (click, hold and drag the cursor to highlight several lines at once) and transfer them to the Selection list by clicking on the right facing pointer button. 3 Press the Clear button to deselect all the lines from the Selection list, or deselect individual lines by highlighting and then clicking on the left facing pointer button. 4 Repeat for Intersection Lines. Surface priority The Surface priority radio buttons specify what to do when encountering a multi-valued horizon.The default is Upper, (uses the shallowest time value for calculating the mistie).

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Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions
CDP Tolerance

GeoFrame 4.2

This value specifies the number of traces on each side to check for a valid time. This means that at least 2 traces (one each side) will be read. If set to 1 (the default), the time value is extracted from the closest trace on either side of the intersection. If greater than 1, that number of traces will be searched, on either side, for the closest trace with a defined time value. No interpolation is done. Click on the slide bar and drag it to the desired value (range 1 to 20). Single clicks to the left/right of the slide bar will decrement/ increment by 1. Correction Factor This is used only with the Parseable and Plain format. It specifies how much of the mistie on each intersection you want to apply (range -1 to +1). The default is 0.5, i.e. apply half the mistie as correction on each of the lines. The output function does not actually apply; instead, there are two extra columns in the output which contain the mistie and the correction multiplied by the Correction factor. These are the columns that the user will normally use as input to Segment Load when creating an ITL from the mistie information. Selection Select the output file by clicking in the Files selection box or by typing the file name directly into the Selection box. (No selection is necessary with the Screen Display Output format).

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Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions
Basemap Mistie Display
This switch controls the display of mistie information in the Basemap window.

GeoFrame 4.2

The Basemap Display toggle button is the master switch controlling the display all of the mistie information displayed in the Basemap window, with the exception of Print Mistie. The master switch must be toggled on to activate the Basemap Mistie Display options (even if the options are toggled on, they will not work if the master switch is off). Pressing the [Setup...] button pops-up the Basemap Mistie Display dialog box, which turns on or off the individual options of Show Mistie, Show Corrected Values, and Print Correction. The Basemap Mistie Display dialog box is used to control the display of mistie information on the basemap. To utilize the options within the dialog box from the Functions menu, the Basemap Display master switch must be turned on in the Mistie Calculation dialog box. To activate under the options menu, the Mistie master switch must be turned on in the Basemap Display dialog box. To be able to display any mistie information, the user must first have calculated the misties using Functions > Extract Mistie. The mistie values stored in the database represent those generated from the last execution of Extract Mistie, thus, the current values may not refer to the current active horizon. Only a single mistie value for each intersection is stored for the entire survey(s) (not stored on a horizon basis). In addition, only misties for selected surveys will be shown.

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Mistie Calculation
Basemap Functions

GeoFrame 4.2

Show Mistie This function may be switched on and off by clicking on the button with MB1. When switched on, this function will display a small square around line intersections on the basemap. The color of the square gives an indication of the magnitude of the mistie. The colors are: Brown - Small Mistie, = or < Tolerance Blue - Large Mistie, > Tolerance No square - Mistie not defined (stored) This color scale is directly affected by the Tolerance value selected. To set the scale, press MB1 and drag the slide-bar to the desired value; then release the button. The colored squares will be updated to reflect the current Tolerance setting upon clicking the Apply button. Show Corrected Values This function is used when displaying the actual values of a mistie on the basemap. This function is used after a correction has been applied, and will display any remaining mistie. This applies to both the Show Mistie option and the Print Mistie function in the Mistie Calculation window. Print Correction When activated, this option annotates the assigned (applied) correction value (ms) for each displayed line (in brown) at the end of the line. A line which has not had any correction applied is assumed to have a correction value of zero. Previous Topic Previous Page Next Page Contents Index 21

Mistie Calculation
Seismic Functions Seismic Functions
Seismic Plot/Adjust Mistie Display

GeoFrame 4.2

This switch controls the display of mistie information in the Seismic window, where it can also be accessed under Options > Seismic Display > Interpretation [Setup...]. Posted mistie values may be calculated and plotted at the 2D line intersections via Map Plot > Functions > Posted Map > Segment Set Map > Posted segments. Absolute values or Delta values may be posted. Output of mistie values and mistie differences to the job recording file and on the system printer is possible. Displays symbols which indicate the direction and magnitude of mistie for all 2D intersections calculated against the current seismic section. It option only applies to 2D time seismic data which has had mistie values calculated using IMain Basemap > Functions > Mistie. The Seismic Plot/Adjust Mistie toggle button controls the display of mistie information in the Seismic window. It can also be accessed under IMain - Seismic > Options > Seismic Display > Interpretation [Setup...]. When toggled on, this master toggle button enables four mistie features in the Seismic window:

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Mistie Calculation
Seismic Functions
Seismic adjustment

GeoFrame 4.2

If the display is a composite, the individual sections will be adjusted up or down according to any stored mistie value, to make the display as smooth as possible. This adjustment only affects the seismic display; the true time scale is retained for plotting and editing the interpretation. Interpretation adjustment When the interpretation picks from crosslines are plotted (default symbol: yellow crosses), they will be shifted by the stored mistie value for the intersection. You can see the effect by toggling the Seismic Plot/ Adjust Mistie button on and off. Mistie annotation Defined misties (from Extract Mistie) are annotated with the yellow bar symbols for all 2D intersections on the seismic section displayed. The bar is usually T-shaped, with the horizontal bar aligned along the center of the display and the vertical bar indicating the direction and magnitude of the stored mistie. A regular T shape indicates that the interpretation from the crossing line is deeper than that of the selected line; and an inverted T shows that the crossing line interpretation is higher. If the mistie is zero, the symbol will appear just as a horizontal line.

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Mistie Calculation
Seismic Functions
Correlate Mistie

GeoFrame 4.2

The Seismic Plot/Adjust Mistie button must be toggled on in order to activate the Correlate Mistie function in the Seismic window. T symbols will appear on the seismic display showing any existing defined mistie on all intersections for the section displayed. Correlation of misties directly on the seismic is used to adjust the mistie for individual intersections. This is useful if the Extract Mistie result is not good enough. Begin by composing a section from the two intersecting lines with the mistie you want to adjust (Functions > Seismic Selection > Compose). Make sure the Seismic Plot/Adjust Mistie button is toggled on (see Seismic Plot/Adjust Mistie Display). The intersection on the seismic should be annotated with a yellow T symbol, indicating the size and direction of any existing mistie defined for that intersection. Click on the Correlate Mistie button (Correlate Mistie will appear in the active function area (lower left) of the Seismic window). When you click MB1 on the seismic, the cursor will change to a double-headed arrow and the mistie value (+ or -) will appear in the message area (beside the function area) of the Seismic window. Click and hold MB1, then drag the cursor on the appropriate section of the composite up, or down along the intersection. The mistie value displayed will be updated. When an acceptable correlation is reached, release the MB1. This will update the mistie value displayed on the Basemap to match the final value shown in the message area of the Seismic window. Previous Topic Previous Page Next Page Contents Index 24

Mistie Calculation
Seismic Functions
Click MB2 to reset the mistie correlation back to the original Extract Mistie value.

GeoFrame 4.2

When a mistie adjustment with seismic correlation is made and stored in the database, the sections involved will display two horizon tie symbols (+) instead of one, for the intersection on each of the lines. The second symbol is only displayed when the Seismic Plot/Adjust Mistie toggle is on.

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