Jillian Johnson Ms.

Kelly World History H 30 November 2013

No Taxation Without Representation: An Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources

The Boston Tea Party, 1773. Eyewitness to History. www.eyewitnesshistory.com. (2002).

When the colonies refused to pay taxes from the Townshend Acts because the Parliament had no representation, the Parliament repealed the taxes on everything but tea, which was a part of their plan in 1773. They gave the struggling East India Company a monopoly on the importation of tea to America, forcing the colonists to pay for the imported tea. The colonists were not fooled by Parliaments ploy, and when three ships arrived in Boston, it ignited a furious reaction. It was decided by a mass of people at the Old South Meeting House that the tea ships should leave the harbor without payment of any duty, but the Collector of Customs refused. Early evening of the same day, about 200 men, disguised as Native Americans, invaded the ships and dumped the cargoes of tea into the harbor waters. They included an in depth interview in the article.I think that this has been one of my very best sources so far, it was primary and it also had gone into many details that other websites did not go into. George Hewe is definitely qualified, because he was there and the author of this website was smart to go to him. Declaration of Independence, (1776). The Peoples Vote. Our Documents, 2013. Web. 3 January 2014. I found this document on the same source that I found the Treaty of Paris, which was primary. I actually learned many things about the Declaration of Independence that I didnt know about before! This article outlined the document. Not only did it have the original, signed document online but it also had the publicly distributed edition that was printed in The Dunlap Broadside.

Franklin, Benjamin. Join, or DIE. APstudent.com Web. 28 November 2013.

This was a cartoon in the Pennsylvania Gazette by Benjamin Franklin on May 9, 1754. The colonies from tail to head on this cartoon are: South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and New England, which refers to Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. At the time, there was a superstition that a snake which had been cut into pieces would come back to life if the pieces were put back together before sunset.This was a primary source that I think is very important to include in my project because Im sure everyone has seen this image at least once in their life and it stands for the independence of America. I also think that the superstition was very interesting! Henry, Patrick. Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death. Online Speech Bank. American Rhetoric, 2001. Web. 1 January 2014. This primary source was a great tool for me. Being able to read Patrick Henrys actual speech helped to give me a lot more information and insight on the revolution. Because it is exactly his speech, this source gives me the opportunity to interpret what he was trying to say myself. This seemed like a very reliable website to use because it has many other speeches and is supported by many historians. In this speech, Henry criticized war and the acts of Great Britain. He believed that Britain was treating the colonies as subordinates rather than equals. Henry was able to convince Virginia that all of their acts to acheive peace hadnt worked and will never work. He foresaw war in the future and encouraged people to embrace it. At the end of his speech he said the famous quote, I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!
Lossing, Benson John. Biographical Sketches of the Signers of the Declaration of American Independence. Massachusetts: American Revolutionary War Series, 1854. (Originally)

I didnt realize how many people signed the Declaration of Independence until I read this book! It was very thick, with more than 50 biographies of people inside. When I checked this book out, I was thinking that for my project I could choose some of the most influential people of the revolutionary times and I could be able to use it to get more insight on the events, and political happenings around that time. This was a primary source.

Middlekauff, Robert. THE GLORIOUS CAUSE: The American Revolution, 1763-1789 (Revised

and Expanded Edition). New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 1982 and 2005.

The Glorious Cause gave me a well-rounded overview of what caused the Revolutionary War, as well as insight on how the war was fought. Throughout the book, Middlekauff argues that revolutionary ideas had already been within the economic, social, political, and religious fabric of the American colonies way before the Revolution had even started. One of the reasons why I thought this would be reliable is because of all of the amazing reviews this book received, and Middlekauff sorts historical fact from legend/myth, portraying the war exactly how it was. This is a primary source and Im very glad that I found a copy of it!

Music of the American Revolution. Constitutionfacts.com Oak Hill Publishing Company, 2014. Web. 4 February 2014. I believe that this source had lot of accurate and reliable information, and it showed me many other songs of the American Revolution. Most of the pieces are not heard in modern day times, so it was interesting finding these songs with so much history behind them, and being able to hear what they sound like. No Taxation Without Representation. www.parliament.uk TSO, 2014. Web. 2 February 2014. This source had many primary documents and pictures that were very useful in my research. It had more rare and hard-to-find information and objects than other resources. Unlike some other websites, this had more background and evidence to support its claims and historical information. This was a primary source. Phillips, Kevin. 1775: A Good Year for Revolution. USA: Penguin Group, Kevin Phillips, 2012.

I thought that it was very interesting that Kevin Phillips decided to write his entire book on the year 1775 rather than 1776, it made his book more unique than others. This was a primary source that went into the details of all the battles and events leading up to the revolution. There was so much to read! Another thing that I liked about this book was that he made each of the events interesting and explained them in his own way.

Primary Source: Title Page from Thomas Paines Common Sense. Colonial Williamsburg. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 2014. Web. 3 January 2014. This primary source would also be a great visual for my project! In Thomas Paines book, Common Sense, he argues for American Independence by comparing government and society, explaining the notions of monarchy and hereditary succession, and lastly specifies his argument to the colonial situation. To be more explanatory, there are 4 sections in the pamphlet. He

compares government and society in section one, and then in section two he discusses monarchy. In section three, the hostilities between England and the colonies are explained. Lastly, he expresses his thoughts on the potential of American military around the time of the Revolution. The Sugar Act. The Coming of the American Revolution 1764-1776. Massachusetts Historical Society, 2008. Web. 5 February 2014. I really liked using this primary source because it had many documents that would be useful for my project and went into depth about the Sugar Act, its causes and reactions within the colonies were very informative. It explains how this act enforced the collection of taxes on many goods (such as sugar) to help pay off the British national debt. Treaty of Paris, (1783). The Peoples Vote. Our Documents, 2013. Web. 3 January 2014.

This was another primary source I believed would be very beneficial for me to use. I think that it would be a great visual for me to use as I provide the information about the Treaty of Paris from the article. The Treaty of Paris is the document that formally recognized the United States as an independent country and it is called the Treaty of Paris because that is the location in which it was signed. This article also gave me more basic information such as the 3 American Negotiators. The Declaration of Independence: A Transcription. The Charters of Freedom: A New World at Hand. Charters of Freedom, 2014. Web. 15 February 2014. I think that this seemed to be a very reliable and trustworthy resource. It was very interesting being able to actually read a transcription of the actual Declaration of Independence, and I dont think that enough people have read it, considering it is the reason why we have our independence today. THE VIRGINIA DECLARATION OF RIGHTS, JUNE 12, 1776. Shaping The Constitution: Resources From The Library of Virginia and The Library of Congress. Library of Virginia, 2013. Web. 3 January 2014.

I thought that the Virginia Declaration of Rights was an interesting document to learn about and it was useful to me, especially after learning about Paines opinion on Virginias failed attempts to gain peace. I was very surprised that he convinced them of his concept after seeing this

document, because the Virginians must have been working very hard! This was a primary source. Yankee Doodle. Library of Congress. USA.gov, 2014. Web. 4 February 2014. I chose to use this primary source to help expand my resources. This way my website will be more diverse with media, pictures, and other information. I would have never thought that the song Yankee Doodle had so much meaning and historical quality in it without using this resource.

Secondary Sources
Admin. What Happened at the Boston Tea Party? Clinton Foundation. Us-history.com, 2013. Web. 15 February 2014. I believe that this article was beneficial because it gave me lots of in-depth information and expanded my vocabulary. I think the artwork that they chose to use was also very necessary and helped the readers imagine it better, almost putting them in the moment that the tea was dumped into the harbor. Bearman, Alan. Stamp Act. World Book Student. World Book, 2013. Web. 16 November 2013.

This article gave a brief and straight-to-the-point summary about the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act was created after 1763 to raise funds to support the British Army stationed in America. This act meant that Americans would have to buy stamps for the following: deeds, mortgages, liquor licenses, law licenses, playing cards, and almanacs. Newspaper publishers and owners would also have to buy stamps for their publications. The slogan of the colonies soon became No Taxation Without Representation. The British Parliament was forced to repeal the Stamp Act in 1766.This seemed like a reliable source and was also on the list of recommended websites that I received. The information I received was purely objective and factual, and I think this is a helpful resource for my project, but I think that I want more in depth information about the Stamp Act. This was a secondary resource. Bearman, Alan. Intolerable Acts. World Book Student. World Book, 2013. Web. 30 November 2013.

The Intolerable acts were passed in 1774 and include the following: The Boston Port Act - closed

the port of Boston, The Massachusetts Government Act - changed the charter of Massachusetts, The Administration of Justice Act - only officer or soldier of British government who was arrested for murder could be sent to England for trial, Quartering Act - made Massachusetts authorities responsible for lodging British troops, using private homes when necessary, and The Quebec Act - (NOT A PUNISHMENT!) declared that Quebec was to be led by an appointed governor and council, and granted freedom of worship to Roman Catholics in the province.This source gave me basic information about all of the intolerable acts, which I think is good for my project because I dont want to go that deep into these events, because I dont think they should be the main points in my project and I should just brush over them. This was a secondary source. Detailed Description. Holypark Media. Boston Massacre Historical Society, 2008. Web. 28 November, 2013.

The Boston Massacre was the killing of five men by British soldiers on March 5,1770. An angry mob dared the soldiers to fire, and the soldiers loaded their guns as a warning, but people from the crowd shouted out, Come on you rascals, you bloody backs, you lobster scoundrels, fire if you dare, God damn you, fire and be damned, we know you dare not, and striking at them with clubs and cutlasses. Therefore, the soldiers fired and killed 3 men instantly and 2 others from fatal wounds later. Captain Preston and the soldiers were promptly arrested, indicted for murder, and held in prison pending trial for murder in the Massachusetts Superior Court. Preston and four men were acquitted, but there other 2 soldiers were found guilty of manslaughter and were released after being branded on the hand. The Boston Massacre served as anti-British propaganda for Boston radicals and elsewhere heightened American fears of standing armies.I believe that this was a very reliable source because it came from a society dedicated to the Boston Massacre, and the entire website was for the Boston Massacre. The article was not only very factual, but it was also very interesting and kept my attention. Secondary Source.

Facts about the Boston Massacre that you may not have known. Holypark Media. Boston Massacre Historical Society, 2008. Web. 28 November 2013.

The Boston Massacre started with a wig! Edward Gerrish called to a soldier that he had not paid his masters bill. Many believed that Captain Preston was the one who gave the order to fire on the crowd after the Boston Massacre, even the famous engraving by Paul Revere shows him raising his hand in command. But, the subsequent trial decided that it couldnt have been Preston because he was standing in front between his men and the crowd of protesters. During the Boston Massacre Trials, the british defendants werent allowed to speak as witnesses on their

own behalf under British law. I think these little known details will help me with my entire overview of the Boston Massacre. It came from qualified people from the Boston Massacre Historical Society and was a secondary source.

Kindig, Thomas. Timeline of the Revolutionary War. Ushistory.org Independence Hall Association, 2013. Web. 26 November 2013.

This was a list of ALL of the events, big and small, from the American Revolution. I chose this source because it helped me choose what events I wanted to put an emphasis on, and I created my own timeline out of those. I think looking at an actual timeline helped me realize how long the Revolutionary War was, and how much effort and persistence it took for America to gain its independence. this was a secondary source, but I think it was very helpful for me because after taking notes on this, I knew exactly how I wanted to research the rest of my project and how to organize it. RI Historical Society. The Burning of The Gaspee. Gaspee Virtual Archives. Gaspee Virtual Archives, 2010. Web. 15 February 2014. This resource was very informative, short and to-the-point. It was what I needed for my research. I also really liked the painting of the Gaspee being burnt down, so I decided to incorporate it into my website. They brought up some points and details that other sources didnt even bother to mention, so I was pretty appreciative towards this website. Shortest Summary of the Gaspee Attack and Its Importance in American History (275 Words). Joseph Bucklin Society. Leonard Bucklin, 1998-2013. Web. 28 November 2013.

The Gaspee was an English ship that prevented smuggling and collected import taxes from ships entering Rhode Island Ports.When the Gaspee went around, Rhode Island leaders planned an attack and more than one hundred men in ten large boats ended up attacking the Gaspee. Joseph Bucklin (one of the attackers), shot the Gaspee ship captain and shouted, I have killed the rascal! The American attackers successfully invaded the ship, took the English navy crew as prisoners off the ship, and finally burned the Gaspee. The people of Rhode Island had kept the attackers secret from the English until after the American Revolution, so they would not be captured by the Royal Commission. I liked this article because it was short and to the point, which keeps me captivated. I think I could have chosen a more current source, but this had very good information, none the less. It was a secondary source.

Sowards, Adam M. American Revolution. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 16 November, 2013.

The American Revolution was a major turning point in history that preceded by more than a ten year long range of huge events and political turmoil. The whole thing started when Britain had accumulated huge debt after the French and Indian war, and when the colonies enjoyed and got used to low taxes, the Navigation Acts began in 1760. Even though most of the colonists were paying the taxes at this point in time, many established a smuggling network to avoid them. The Sugar Act passed in 1764, (ironically lowering the existing tax on sugar and molasses) and there was still no resistance from the colonies, until the following year, when The Stamp Act was introduced. By 1776, the idea of overthrowing British authority in North America was influenced by a powerful pamphlet titled Common Sense by Thomas Paine. I believe that this was a very reliable resource because it gave me an overview on the American Revolution as a whole and now I know some basic background information before getting into the details of each of the events that I want to go over. This was a secondary source. Stamp Act (1765). American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 16 November 2013.

I learned that it was the very first direct tax that was ever laid upon the colonies in North America and that the most vocal in this event was the people of Boston. Several of the colonial businesses and government chose to shut down, rather than comply with the law, because of how much the colonial people opposed this act. It gave me a little bit more insight on The Stamp Act. This was a secondary resource, and it helped me a little bit but I think that I could find a website with more information with a more qualified author or contributors. The Stamp Act. The Coming of the American Revolution 1764-1776. Massachusetts Historical Society, 2008. Web. 27 November 2013.

Thomas Whately drafts legalization for a new tax under the instruction of George Grenville, which becomes the Stamp Act. Protests begin with the Virginia House of Burgesses set of Resolutions, which cause other resolutions to grow even more radically when newspapers reprint the Virginia Resolves. Rival gangs conspire against the appointed stamp master, Andrew Oliver, whoms reputation swings and his house crumbles due to the hands of a furious mob. This causes him and other stamp masters to resign in fear of being attacked. This happens again in New York, and after lengthy consideration, Parliament votes to repeal the Stamp Act. This source gave me very specific information on the Stamp Act and I really liked the fact that it included the bit about

Andrew Olivers home. I believe that this was a very good resource because it comes from an entire society from people who study history in Massachusetts. This was a secondary source and it definitely fit in with my research. Townshend Acts. Totally History. Totallyhistory.com, 2012. Web. 28 November 2013.

Charles Townshend created the Townshend Acts in 1767, which were acts that put a light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, and tea. He was nicknamed Champagne Charley for his brilliant speeches in Parliament while drunk! The Townshend Acts involved 5 laws. The main purpose of this act was to raise revenues among the colonies and use them to pay the salaries of judges and governors to enable them to have colonial rule independence. The Townshend Acts had a few influential responses within the colonies, such as a string of twelve essays written by John Dickinson. I really liked this source because I feel like a lot of people forget about the Townshend Acts, but this article helped me realize that these acts were like a gateway to the new ones, and it kind of led everything to the very end of the American Revolution. This was a very reliable secondary source.