Primary Sources

Cambodia. DEATH BY GOVERNMENT: GENOCIDE AND MASS MURDER. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2014. Above, Ive cited a government official document from Cambodia recording the deaths that took place from 1975-1979. It specifies the cause of death, whether it be disease, murder, or other causes of death. The source in which I got it from was very reliable as everything was copyrighted correctly and all the data matched with the other information I have found. This site is helpful because I am able to see in a nutshell the result of the genocide and what exactly caused the most deaths. Of course the information is not accurate now because they have found more bodies since, but its helped me understand how many thousands died.

Chorn-Pond, Arn. "Camodian Genocide." Telephone interview. 05 Jan. 2014 I had the chance of interviewing a survivor of the Cambodian Genocide in which he gave me lots and lots of information. Not only did he tell me personal details, he told me things only people who were there could know. For example, he said that they used to teach children how to play instruments so they could put it up to a microphone to drown out the sounds of gun shots and people screaming. Also, they would take all the child soldiers and put them on the front line against enemies so that they were the ones who died first. If any of them were killed, they were responsible to push them into their graves, pits with other rotting bodies already in them. He basically told me everything there is to know. Arn said there was one thing the Khmer Rouge said over and over that has stuck in his mind after all this time; To keep you is no benefit, to destroy you is no loss. Through the interview, I learned the rights that were taken away from them, and what they were demanded to do. "GENOCIDE." - Cambodian Genocide. Photograph., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. Above I have cited a picture that relates to my specified topic of Rights and Responsibilities. This picture is of a victim of the Cambodian Genocide before they were killed. Normally, photos were taken of the victims before they were tortured and killed. This picture specifically, happens to be of a mother and child. Seeing that the picture was taken during the event and was posted on the internet by publisher, World Press, I believe that it is safe to assume that this picture is very reliable. This picture fits into my research well because it shows what was happening to the people of Cambodia during the genocide. Khmer Rouge Communist, April 17th 1975 Part 1. YouTube. YouTube, 12 Jan. 2011. Web. 26 Dec. 2013. The video cited above is a live news feed from Cambodia on April 17th, 1975. Included in the video is clips of members of the Khmer Rouge coming in on trucks, people getting shot, people getting kicked out of their homes and lots of violence. Many people were screaming, and there was

a voice saying something I did not understand over a microphone. Everything in the video appeared authentic as there were live news messages flashing across the screen, the same way the ones in America do. This evidence is crucial to my research as it puts all the facts Ive found into reality. I can verify with my own eyes that it happened.

"NSW Migration Heritage Centre." NSW Migration Heritage Centre. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2013. This is a picture of a school certificate for a survivor named Phiny Ung. She said that she carried this around, knowing that she was in a life or death situation. In the caption at the bottom of the photo, Phiny says, I knew its a big risk because it proved my level of education which was high enough for guards to consider I would be a threat to the government. This fits into my research because it shows how the Khmer Rouge targeted the educated, so people were afraid of showing their intelligence. "Photos." TIME.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2013. The web address I have cited above shows very clearly its relevance to my topic of choice, the Cambodian Genocide. The photos include the damage to the streets of Phnom Penh, a victim being held at gunpoint by members of the guerilla, the last US helicopter leaving Cambodia, and the hundreds of skulls lying in the fields. All of these authentic photos were posted on an online article by TIME magazine, making this source extremely reliable. TIME magazine is in my opinion very qualified to publish something as this. This web articles format is in a popular fashion, though I wouldve rather it been more scholarly.

Map of Cambodia. Digital image. Map of Cambodia. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2013. Above is a citation of a map of Cambodia. It shows all of the cities in the country including the surrounding countries like Thailand and Vietnam. The photo is used on a site called Lonely Planet published in 2013 showing that the source is current and reliable. It fits into my research because it shows just how much the Khmer Rouge was able to conquer. This source is helpful because I understand where everything happened. I can connect what I know to the location in which it happened.

McCormick, Patricia. Never Fall down. London: Random House, 2012. Print. This book was written by Patricia McCormick, an established author. She is very qualified and wrote this book with Arn Chorn-Pond, a survivor. The book is the story of his life in which grueling details were told, no censorship. It starts off with him as a kid playing in the street, to when he was on the Khmer Rouge trucks with a gun, ending with what he is doing for the Cambodian community now. The book is not written completely objectively, as it is written in Arns point of view. This book has given more details than one can imagine and really expanded my knowledge of the subject. As a whole, I have a better general knowledge of why and what happened during the Cambodian Genocide.

The Human Condition - Cambodia. N.d. Photograph. Cambodia. The Human Condition Cambodia. Web. 04 Nov. 2013 This is a piece of art in which a survivor painted to help get over the devastation she felt. The picture she painted was of a woman standing in a prison cell, identical to the ones in the S-21 prison. On the wall there is a huge window in which she is looking out with a beautiful lake in the distance. On the floor next to her, is the image of a ghost, or dead person. This painting shows the suffering that those prisoners had to go through before they were killed. To me, this picture symbolizes their want for their freedom back. The longing for somewhere serene; the complete opposite of what they were living it at the time.

Weaver, Matthew. The Khmer Rouge and Cambodian Genocide: How the Guardian Covered It (n.d.): n. pag. Theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media, 17 Feb. 2009. Web. 03 Dec. 2014. Here I have newspaper clippings from between 1975-1979, the time of the genocide. These articles include the news of the Khmer Rouge and the world around them. These articles were about how Pol Pot took over and the news of executions surfaced. One was published in March of 1975, February 1976, another in September of 1977, and the last in April of 1978. The site in which I found these on is called Guardian News Blog, where people can post news. The site is well known and has many qualifications.

Secondary Sources
"Cambodian Genocide | World Without Genocide." Cambodian Genocide | World Without Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. This source has no relation to the Rights and Responsibilities of those in the genocide. The article gives a lot of the same information as others and is even word for word with another one of my sources. The site is very current, as it is published in 2012 but not very reliable. It is published by World Without Genocide a nonprofit organization, making them qualified to write the information. The facts are organized in who, what, when, where, and why fashion, and is written objectively. In my opinion, even though it was very scholarly which is what I prefer, I would have liked to see an article about the genocide in a more popular tone. Overall, this was not a good source because it didnt add to any of my knowledge or aid me in my research.

"DACHS." The Digital Archive of Cambodia Holocaust Survivors. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. This resource which I have cited above states its relation to my topic of rights and responsibilities. Included in this site, is a photographic description of S-21; the prison converted school and very graphic details about the torture done to prisoners. Some of these facts include, Some had been shot or suffocated with plastic bags. Most of them had died by having their skulls

smashed in with shovels hoes and iron bars. This source was published in 2011, making it a very current resource. The author, David Chandler, is a Harvard graduate who specializes in Southeast Asian history, especially Cambodia. From that, I can conclude that he is very qualified to write this article. This source is very helpful to my research because it explains what was taken from the Cambodians, including their life.

"GENOCIDE - CAMBODIA." GENOCIDE - CAMBODIA. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. The web resource clearly cited above gives many examples of NHDs topic, Rights and Responsibilities. Its information states many of the rights revoked from those living during the genocide, and the USs involvement in Pol Pots conquering of Cambodia. Of the many rights seized from the Cambodians of the late 1970s, examples include the elimination of health care, the suspension of education, the banning of religion or how all parental authority was revoked. The material, created by a well-known publisher, The History Place leads me to believe that the source is reliable, but not very current seeing as it was published in 99. The resource is thoroughly objective, with no biased information. All information in the article is organized chronologically, starting with when Pol Pot was born, and ending with when he died. I would say that this is used in a scholarly format, but simplified for easy reading unlike the first article I read. This source was very helpful, as it relates and fits into my research because it not only informed me of rights annulled by the Khmer Rouge, but was informative of the responsibilities of prisoners working in labor camps. In my opinion, the information was slightly too broad for my personal likes, and would have rather it had been more narrow. "Genocide in Cambodia." Genocide in Cambodia. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2013. This resource includes lots of information about the rebuilding of Cambodias economy after the genocide and when/which rights citizens gained over time. The author, the Houston Holocaust Museum, assures that this is a reliable source. This fits in with my research because it reveals what happened after, instead of everything being about the actual event. "Khmer Buddhist Relief." Khmer Buddhist Relief. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. Above I have cited a site that gives lots of information about a book compiled of stories of the genocide written by three survivors. Also, it gave a long and detailed explanation as to how and why the Khmer Rouge seized the government and exiled everyone out of their homes. In my opinion, this wasnt a very useful source due to the fact that most of the article was about the book, leaving me nothing to use for my research. The author or date of publish is nowhere to be found, showing me that this source is neither reliable nor current. To me, it seemed as if the author of the website was biased towards the survivors, instead of writing it objectively. The source is very scholarly, and despite the lack of factual information, it did help me better understand what exactly started the genocide. "Khmer Rouge History." Cambodia Tribunal Monitor. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2013 Of the many sources I have, I would say that this site is one of the best due to the sheer fact that it relates to Rights and Responsibilities the most. It goes into depth about some of the basic

rights taken from them, and talks about the new responsibilities brought to the Cambodians when the Khmer Rouge came to power. Some of the things they did was they abolished money, free markets, normal schooling, private property, foreign clothing styles, religious practices, and traditional Khmer culture. Public schools, pagodas, mosques, churches, universities, shops and government buildings were shut or turned into prisons, stables, reeducation camps and granaries. This source was published in 2013, showing its prevalence. "Lavinia Selvakumar: History of Cambodian Genocide." Lavinia Selvakumar: History of Cambodian Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. The source sited about is great example of Rights and Responsibilities. The website included many things such as how the Khmer Rouge came into power, the killing and torture, and how they were finally defeated. It explains how all money was canceled, private property was banned, and all markets were destroyed. On the site, the author includes numerous descriptive, even grueling details such as that, all these victims were herded together in an inspection center where they would be either sent to work in communes or killed instantly in mass graves. Seeing as the site was published less than 10 years ago, and the author Denise Lavinia Selvakumar who is a third year history major thats done lots of research on the subject, I can conclude that this source is current and reliable. Especially since all of the sites shes cited are official. The article is written completely objectively, with nothing biased included. All facts are very well documented and any quotes are cited properly. This source is very scholarly, almost too much for my likings, though it is very factual and has lots of useful information. The source fits very well into my research because it gives me more information that any of the other websites Ive found. "The CGP." Cambodian Genocide Program. Cambodian Genocide Program, Yale University, n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2013 This program, headed by Yale University, is commonly known as the CGP. Students and professors work together to learn about the tragedy and find those responsible for Pol Pots regime. On July 18, 2007, Cambodian and international co-prosecutors found evidence of "crimes against humanity, genocide, grave breaches of the Geneva Convention, homicide, torture and religious persecution." Since 1994, the CGP has been working to find justice to those who lost their lives. This site is well documented and written objectively.

"The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century: Pol Pot in Cambodia 1975-1979." The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century: Pol Pot in Cambodia 1975-1979. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2013 This resource which I have cited above states its relation to my topic of rights and responsibilities. The article gives a descriptive outline of the events that happened during the genocide, including how it began and ended. It states facts such as that large groups of ethnic Chinese, Vietnamese and Thai were targeted for execution and those thought to be intellectual or educated were also killed. Being that the source was published in the last 10 years, I can conclude that this source is reliable and current. The information given was presented objectively. The article was written by Margaret Melicharova, and being that she is a published and well known author, I

believe that she is indeed qualified to write concerning this subject. This source is most definitely presented in a scholarly format. This source relates and fits into my research by giving me information concerning those who were stripped of their rights. This source was very helpful to me because it not only included facts about the genocide itself, but it informed me of the social and economic circumstances causing the genocide. The information was very scholarly, but not to any extreme and was very specific to the topic.

The Killing Fields. Dir. Bruce Robinson. Perf. Sam Waterson. 1984. Netflix. This was a movie made about the Cambodian Genocide soon after. The story is about a photographer who travels to Cambodia and gets stuck there when Pol Pots regime takes over. The film won eight BAFTA Awards and three Academy Awards including actors such as Sam Waterston, Haing S. Ngor, and John Malkovich. Throughout the movie, the audience learns about the tragedy and the catastrophic effects of it. It was beneficial for my research to see it in motion picture rather than text. All of the facts and historical data were accurate with the information Ive collected.