Principles Pervious Concrete Testing

Principles Pervious Concrete Testing
Charles Mitchell, P.E.
cmitchell@specializedengineerin.com
www.specializedengineering.com
Test Methods for Previous C t Concrete

Plastic Test Hardened Sample Tests In-situ Tests
Test Methods Specific to P i C t Previous Concrete

2 current ASTM tests

ASTM C1688 Density y & Void Content ASTM C1701 In Place Infiltration
3 draft test methods in ASTM Committee C09.49 (2012)

Compressive Strength Surface Durability Hardened Density & Porosity

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
Standard Test Method for D Density i and d Void V id Content C of f Freshly F hl Mixed Pervious Concrete
ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

Method not listed in ACI 522.1 522.1-08 08 (Specification for Pervious Concrete Pavement) 1.6.2 & 1.6.5.1 reference C138/C29 jigging ACI 522R-10 (Report p on Pervious Concrete) references C1688 Use C1688, not C138/C29 jigging Make sure mix design density references C1688
ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
Purpose: Compare density and void content of freshly mixed pervious concrete with mix design des g values a ues ( ( 5 pc pcf pe per ACI C 522R-10) 5 0)
Note: Test results are not intended to represent the inplace density and void content
ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
Appa at s Apparatus
Balance Standard Proctor Hammer Measure (1/4 cf - similar to ASTM C231 pressure meter) Strike off plate Scoop
ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
P oced e Procedure
Moisten inside of measure and weigh Place on flat, f level surface f f free f from vibration Fill in 2 layers, approximately equal thickness 20 hammer drops per layer
ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
1st Layer ay Consolidation o o da o

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
2nd Layer ay (heaping) ( ap g)

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
2nd (Final) Layer La e

After 10 hammer drops:

If not t enough h concrete, t add dd more If too much concrete, remove some
Complete 2nd layer with 10 more hammer drops (20 total)
ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
2nd Layer ay consolidation o o da o

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
P oced e (cont Procedure (cont.) )

Strike off

Cover 2/3 & withdraw C ithd with ith sawing i motion ti Cover same 2/3 & advance with sawing motion ti Finish with several sawing motion strokes with inclined edge of plate
Weigh measure with concrete

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
1st Strike off o

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
Finish Screeding d g
ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
Calc lation Calculation
ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a
Final a Weight g & Calculate a ua

ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Standard Test Method for I fil Infiltration i Rate R of f In I Place Pl Pervious Concrete
ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Purpose: Determination of the field water i filt ti rate infiltration t of fi in place l pervious i concrete (surface) Restrictions: Does not determine if bottom of pervious p concrete is clogged, and does not y g determine infiltration of underlying drainage layer and soil
ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Appa at s Apparatus
Infiltration ring - 12 diameter Balance Container 5 gallons Stop Watch Plumbers Putty Water
ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Appa at s Apparatus
ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Test Locations
3 tests for up to 25,000 sf Additional tests each 10,000 sf f Minimum 3 between test locations Dont test if standing water on surface Dont Don t test within 24 hours of precipitation
ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Infilt ation Ring Installation Infiltration

Clean surface by brooming Apply plumbers putty on bottom of f ring Place ring on pervious concrete surface Press putty into surface and around ring edge, use more putty if needed
ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
P e etting Prewetting
Pour 8 lbs. of water into ring Maintain a head of f inside of f ring Determine time from start until no free water is on surface Determine water quantity for test

40 lbs. if time is less than 30 seconds 8 lbs. lbs if time is 30 seconds or more
ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Test
Start within 2 minutes of prewetting Record the weight of f water to be used Pour water into ring Maintain a head of inside of ring Determine time from start until no free water is on surface
ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Calc late Calculate
ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Repo t Report
Test locations Date Age of Pervious Concrete Prewetting time Amount of last rain Weight of water used for test
ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Repo t Report
Inside diameter of ring Time elapsed during test Infiltration rate Note retests if any
ACI 522R-10
Single ing infiltrometer Single-ring infilt omete
Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete
ACI 522R-10
Affected by mix proportions and compaction ti effort ff t Strength dependent on porosity C39 has not proven effective Variable porosity (and strength) with depth of in place pervious concrete
ACI 522R-10 (cont.) (cont )

Field cores differ significantly from cast cylinders li d Relation between w/cm and comp. strength unlike conventional concrete

High w/cm = low porosity Low w/cm = reduced durability
ASTM C09 49 Task G o p C09.49 Group
There have been 4 sets of testing performed under the task group 2008 2009 2010 (Jan & Dec)
ASTM C09 49 T kG C09.49 Task Group

2008
5 labs participated, making 8 batches total Each lab mixed their own batches with locally available materials, made and tested their own cylinders 4x8 and 6x12 cylinders were made Pad caps and sulfur caps were used Consolidation was by proctor hammer 6x12 consolidation 3 lifts 10 blows/lift 4x8 consolidation 2 lifts 5 blows/lift

2008 conclusions l i
It was decided that compressive strength of pervious concrete should not be measured using durometer pads (ASTM C 1231) The variability of compressive strength testing of pervious concrete is 3 times higher than conventional concrete. This variability of compressive strength is so high that the current method of testing will not produce data that can be relied upon.

2008 conclusions l i (cont.) ( t)
It may be necessary to cast 4" x 4" cylinders, or 6" x 6" cylinders. 6 cylinders Casting 4x8s or 6x12s and cutting them in half may also work, but this was not universally agreed upon. It may also be necessary to increase the number of blows to reduce the coefficient of variability down to acceptable levels.

2009 methodology th d l
5 labs participated Each lab mixed their own batch with locally available materials, made and tested their own cylinders 4x8 and 4x4 cylinders y were made Sulfur and gypsum caps were used

2009 methodology th d l (cont.) ( t)
Consolidation with standard proctor hammer 4x8 consolidation 2 lifts

5 &10 blows/lift Sawn and unsawn tops 5 &10 blows/lift
4x4 consolidation 1 lift
C Capping i by b sulfur lf or gypsum

2009 Conclusions C l i
High variability of compressive strength testing of pervious concrete compared to conventional concrete. Do a trial with cylinders made at the same lab tested at various labs

2010 (J (Jan.) ) Methodology M th d l
3 labs participated 2 labs mixed their own batch with locally available materials, and made their own cylinders each lab made 18 cylinders with 6 to be tested at each of the 3 labs 4x8 cylinders were made 2 layers C Consolidation lid ti with ith standard t d d proctor t hammer h
2010 (J (Jan.) ) Methodology M th d l (cont.) ( t)

After 10 days of moist room curing, 12 of the cylinders from Lab 1 were mailed to Lab 2, 2 and 6 were transported from Lab 2 to Lab 3 After 10 days of moist room curing, 6 of the cylinders from Lab 2 were mailed to Lab 1, and 6 were transported from Lab 2 to Lab 3 Sulfur capping used by Labs 1 & 2 and gypsum caps were used by Lab 3

2010 (D (Dec.) ) Methodology M th d l
6 labs participated 1 lab obtained 3 samples from Ready Mix trucks and made cylinders by 2 technicians each technician made 18 cylinders from each batch with 3 to be tested at each of the 6 labs 4x8 cylinders were made
2010 (D (Dec.) ) Methodology M th d l (cont.) ( t)

1st set - consolidation with standard proctor hammer, 2 layers, layers 10 drops/layer drops/layer, hand finish surface 2nd set - consolidation with Marshall hammer, 1 layer, 5 drops/layer, no hand finishing 3rd set - consolidation with Marshall hammer, 2 layers, 5 drops/layer, no hand finishing

2010 (Dec.) (D ) Conclusion C l i
Consolidation with standard proctor hammer, 2 layers 10 drops/layer, layers, drops/layer hand finish surface

Lowest Standard Deviation Lowest Coefficient of Variability
ASTM draft Compressive Strength
Standard Test Method for C Compressive i Strength S h of f Pervious P i Concrete (Proposed)
ASTM draft Compressive Strength Purpose:

Determine the compressive strength of hardened pervious concrete cylinders. The cylinders are molded using fresh pervious concrete.
Note: Test results are not intended to represent the inplace compressive strength strength
ASTM draft Compressive Strength
Appa at s Apparatus
4x8 cylinder mold & collar Standard Proctor Hammer Scoop Balance
ASTM draft Compressive Strength Purpose:

Determine the compressive strength of hardened pervious concrete cylinders. The cylinders are molded using fresh pervious concrete.
Note: Test results are not intended to represent the inplace compressive strength strength
ASTM draft Compressive Strength P d ldi Cylinders C li d Procedure M Molding Fill in 2 layers, approximately equal thickness 20 hammer drops per layer d layer Use collar for 2nd
ASTM draft Compressive Strength P d i C li d Procedure C Curing Cylinders Initial curing similar to C31 Do not remove molds in fewer than 6 days Laboratory curing in moist room
ASTM draft Compressive Strength P d i C li d Procedure T Testing Cylinders Allow cylinder to drain 5 minutes Remove surface water Weigh and measure Cap ASTM C617 (sulfur or gypsum no pad caps) Test ASTM C39
ASTM draft Surface Durability
Standard Test Method for D Determining i i Potential P i l Resistance R i to Degradation of Pervious Concrete by Impact and Abrasion (Proposed)
ASTM draft Surface Durability Purpose:

Evaluate the potential resistance to degradation by impact and abrasion of pervious concrete mixtures. Allows the comparison of the relative potential pote t a resistance es sta ce to raveling a e go of pe pervious ous concrete mixtures of varying proportions and raw materials.
Note: Test method not for cores
ASTM draft Surface Durability Apparatus Balance Marshall hammer 4x8 cylinder mold LA Abrasion machine 1 Sieve Ruler
ASTM draft Surface Durability P d ldi Cylinders C li d Procedure M Molding Get C1688 density Calculate mass needed to fill 4x8 mold halfway Weigh out calculated mass in mold Drop mold 10 times on level, rigid surface f f from a h height i ht of f 1
Procedure Molding Cylinders (cont.)
Use Marshall Hammer to consolidate sample to 4 height Cap to prevent moisture loss

Procedure Curing Cylinders
Initial curing similar to C31 Cure at 70-76F until cylinders are 7 days old

Test Procedure
Remove molds Weigh 3 cylinders Place 3 cylinders together in LA Abrasion machine with no charges for 500 revolutions H d sieve Hand i on 1 sieve i Weigh g material retained on 1 sieve

Calculate
Divide the mass loss by the original mass of the three cylinders and multiply lti l by b 100. 100 Record the mass loss as a percentage of the original mass.
ASTM draft Hardened Concrete Density & Porosity Standard Test Method for D Density i and d Void V id Content C of f Pervious P i Concrete (Proposed)
ASTM draft Hardened Concrete D i &P i Density Porosity Summary:

A specimen of hardened pervious concrete is measured to determine its volume. volume The specimen is subsequently dried to constant mass ass and a d immersed e sed to dete determine et the e submerged mass. Void content is calculated using the difference between the total volume and the displaced volume when submerged.
ASTM draft Hardened Concrete D i &P i -A Density Porosity Apparatus Balance Jaw Calipers Thermometer Water Bath Oven Mallet
ASTM draft Hardened Concrete D i &P i -S l Density Porosity Sample 4 cylinders approximately the 4 same length as the in-place pavement t or 4 diameter core
ASTM draft Hardened Concrete D i &P i S l P Density Porosity Sample Prep. Trim cylinder or core so ends are generally perpendicular to sides Light brushing to remove loose p particles Measure length and diameter
ASTM draft Hardened Concrete D i &P i D i Density Porosity Drying Method A

100F for 24 hours = 1 cycle W i h after Weigh ft each h cycle l until til less l than th 0.5% 0 5% mass loss between cycles 230F for 24 hours then weigh after cooling li Additional 2 hour cycles at 230F until less than 0.5% 0 5% mass loss between cycles
M th d B Method
ASTM draft Hardened Concrete D i &P i W h Density Porosity Water B Bath Submerge for 30 minutes Tap specimen 10 times with mallet Determine submerged mass Determine water temperature
ASTM draft Hardened Concrete D i &P i C l l i Density Porosity Calculation Density = A / V

A = Dry mass of the specimen V = Volume V l of f specimen i from f measuring i [1-((A-B)/ w)/V]x100 B = submerged mass of the specimen w = density y of water at temperature p of the water bath
Void Content =

O h T Other Tests
Subgrade Infiltration Testing (note: a rate less than 0.52in/hr acceptable for pervious) - Double Ring Infiltrometer, ASTM D 3385
O h T Other Tests
ASTM D3665, random core location ASTM C42, Coring, 3 cores/5,000 sf ASTM C174, C174 Core Thickness, Thickness -, +1 ASTM C140, Density of f Core, d density +/- 5 pcf (until new pervious density is approved) d)

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Principles Pervious Concrete Testing

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Principles Pervious Concrete Testing

Charles Mitchell, P.E.

Test Methods for Previous C t Concrete

Test Methods Specific to P i C t Previous Concrete

3 draft test methods in ASTM Committee C09.49 (2012)

Compressive Strength Surface Durability Hardened Density & Porosity

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

1st Layer ay Consolidation o o da o

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

2nd Layer ay (heaping) ( ap g)

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

2nd (Final) Layer La e

Complete 2nd layer with 10 more hammer drops (20 total)

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

2nd Layer ay consolidation o o da o

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

P oced e (cont Procedure (cont.) )

Weigh measure with concrete

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

1st Strike off o

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

Calc lation Calculation

ASTM C1688/C1688M 10a

Final a Weight g & Calculate a ua

Infilt ation Ring Installation Infiltration

Calc late Calculate

Single ing infiltrometer Single-ring infilt omete

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

ACI 522R-10 (cont.) (cont )

High w/cm = low porosity Low w/cm = reduced durability

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

ASTM C09 49 Task G o p C09.49 Group

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

ASTM C09 49 T kG C09.49 Task Group

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

ASTM C09 49 T kG C09.49 Task Group

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

ASTM C09 49 T kG C09.49 Task Group

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

ASTM C09 49 T kG C09.49 Task Group

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

ASTM C09 49 T kG C09.49 Task Group

Consolidation with standard proctor hammer 4x8 consolidation 2 lifts

5 &10 blows/lift Sawn and unsawn tops 5 &10 blows/lift

4x4 consolidation 1 lift

C Capping i by b sulfur lf or gypsum

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

ASTM C09 49 T kG C09.49 Task Group

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

ASTM C09 49 T kG C09.49 Task Group

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

ASTM C09 49 T kG C09.49 Task Group

2010 (J (Jan.) ) Methodology M th d l (cont.) ( t)

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

ASTM C09 49 T kG C09.49 Task Group

Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

ASTM C09 49 T kG C09.49 Task Group