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Where does HFC go from here? Timing and Deployment

Ralph W. Brown, CTO CableLabs


Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

Premium U.S. Broadband Trends


Trend predicts 1 Gbps premium offers in 2016 or later

Downstream (DS) Upstream (US)

* Symmetric DS and US rate

Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

DOCSIS 3.1 Specification Development


Comparison of Telecom Standards Development Cycles

Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

DOCSIS 3.1 Specification Schedule


Moving Faster
2012 Project Initiated 2013 Specifications Issued 2014 Products Available 2015 - 2016 Initial Deployments

2012: Project Initiated 2013: Specifications Issued 2014: Products Available 2015 through 2016: Initial Deployments
Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

Example DOCSIS 3.1 Deployment Migration


DOCSIS 3.0 CPE CPE Devices
Few 1.0/1.1 Lots of 2.0 Some 3.0

DOCSIS 3.1 CPE


Many 3.0 Begin deploy 3.1 Lots of 3.0 More 3.1
Lots of 3.1 Begin reduction of 2.0 CPE

Remove 1.0/1.1 More 3.0

Today HE Equipment
5-42/65 MHz US 3.0 CMTS DS Bonding Legacy OOB

Soon
3.0 CCAP More DS Bonding US Bonding S-CDMA

3.1 CPE
3.0 CCAP More DS & US bonding

3.1 DS CCAP
3.1 CCAP Begin 3.1 DS OFDM Expand DS

3.1 US CCAP
Begin 3.1 US OFDMA

More HFC
Expand US Split Expand DS

DOCSIS 3.0 HE

DOCSIS 3.1 HE
Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

Summary
So what does this all mean?

With DOCSIS 3.1 technology cable operators can deploy Gigabit services over HFC Deploying DOCSIS 3.1 technology is more cost effective than building FTTH DOCSIS 3.1 technology enables a migration to higher bandwidth services based on market demand Consequently, capital investment can be made consistent with customer demand
Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

CCAP View of DOCSIS 3.1

Jorge Salinger

How will DOCSIS 3.1 merge with CCAP?


CCAP Architecture takes technology evolution Modularity means easier migration Architecture designed for multiple technologies CCAPs under development for DOCSIS 3.0 CCAP implementation started before DOCSIS 3.1 But vendors already working on incorporating DOCSIS 3.1 Some upgrade of existing blades and other new ones FPGA in DS allows changes, but new ASICs for US Upgrades can be done in DS or US independently Migration to DOCSIS 3.1 likely to start with CPE

Today: 3.0 (LD) CMTS & 1.0, 1.1, 2.0 & 3.0 (LD) CMs
Operating Mode
D1.0/1.1 CM (1x1 LD) D2.0 CM (1x1 LD) D3.0 CM (NxM LD)

Legacy DOCSIS LD DOCSIS 3.1 3.1

CMTS
DOCSIS 3.0 (LD)
D1.0/1.1 CM (1x1 LD) D2.0 CM (1x1 LD) D3.0 CM (NxM LD)

Out-of-Band
Motorola Cisco

Legacy OOB US

1-3 LD Channels

Legacy OOB DS

1-8 LD Channels

5 MHz

20 MHz

42/65 MHz

54/85 MHz

750 MHz

860 MHz

1,000 MHz

Upstream

Downstream

3.0 LD CMTS Few 1.0/1.1 LD CMs, lots of 2.0 LD CMs and some 3.0 LD CMs Multiple LD DS channels implementing DS channel bonding Multiple LD US channels, including some combination of 6.4 and 3.2 MHz widths

Soon: Migrate to 3.0 CCAP and 3.0 CM growth


Operating Mode

CCAP or CMTS
DOCSIS 3.0 (LD)

D1.0/1.1 CM (1x1 LD)

D2.0 CM (1x1 LD)

D3.0 CM (NxM LD)

Legacy DOCSIS LD DOCSIS 3.1 3.1

Out-of-Band
D1.0/1.1 CM (1x1 LD) D2.0 CM (1x1 LD) D3.0 CM (NxM LD)

Motorola Cisco

Legacy 1-4 LD Channels OOB US

Legacy OOB DS

1-24/32 LD Channels

...
5 MHz
20 MHz

...
750 MHz 860 MHz 1,000 MHz

42/65 MHz

54/85 MHz

Upstream

Downstream

Begin deploying CCAP with 3.0 LD DS and US line cards May have removed 1.0/1.1 LD CMs More 3.0 LD CMs and GWs More LD US and DS carriers Deploy LD US channel bonding and S-CDMA

When 3.1 is available: Begin deploying 3.1 CMs in LD mode


Operating Mode

CCAP or CMTS
DOCSIS 3.0 (LD)

D1.0/1.1 CM (1x1 LD)

D2.0 CM (1x1 LD)

D3.0 CM (NxM LD)

D3.1 CM (NxM LD)

Legacy DOCSIS LD DOCSIS 3.1 3.1

Out-of-Band
D1.0/1.1 CM (1x1 LD) D2.0 CM (1x1 LD) D3.0 CM (NxM LD) D3.1 CM (NxM LD)

Motorola Cisco

Legacy 1-6 LD Channels OOB US

Legacy OOB DS

1-24/32 LD Channels

...
5 MHz
20 MHz

...
750 MHz 860 MHz 1,000 MHz

42/65 MHz

54/85 MHz

Upstream

Downstream

Lots of 3.0 LD CMs More LD US and LD DS carriers Begin deploying 3.1 CMs in LD mode in existing LD US and DS channels

Future: Deploy 3.1 DS & US in Existing Split


CMTS
DOCSIS 3.0 (LD)

Operating Mode
D2.0 CM (1x1 LD) D3.0 CM (NxM LD) D3.1 CM (NxM LD + 3.1)

Legacy DOCSIS LD DOCSIS 3.1 3.1

Out-of-Band CCAP
DOCSIS 3.1
D2.0 CM (1x1 LD) D3.0 CM (NxM LD) D3.1 CM (NxM LD + 3.1)

Motorola Cisco

Legacy 1-6 LD Channels OOB US


OFDMA 3.1
5 MHz 20 MHz 42/65 MHz 54/85 MHz

Legacy OOB DS
OFDM 3.1

1-24/32 LD Channels

...

...
750 MHz

OFDM 3.1
860 MHz 1,000 MHz 1,200 MHz

Upstream

Downstream

Removed 1.0/1.1 LD CMs; no need for TDMA LD US channels More 3.1 LD CMs Begin deploying 3.1 CCAP: new 3.1 US blade and firmware update to 3.1 DS blade Begin using OFDMA for 3.1 US and/or OFDM for 3.1 DS (dont have to deploy together) Overlay 3.1 on current US spectrum with LD US, filling gaps and using logical channels Use open spectrum for 3.1 DS OFDM channels in existing DS spectrum

Long Term: 3.1 CCAP w/ New Split


Operating Mode
D2.0 CM (1x1 LD) D3.0 CM (NxM LD) D3.1 CM (NxM LD + 3.1)

Legacy DOCSIS LD DOCSIS 3.1 3.1

3.X CCAP DOCSIS 3.X


D2.0 CM (1x1 LD) D3.0 CM (NxM LD) D3.1 CM (NxM LD + 3.1)

Out-of-Band
Motorola Cisco

Legacy 1-6 LD Channels OOB US


OFDMA 3.1
5 MHz
20 MHz

Legacy OOB DS
OFDM 3.1
85-200 100-240 MHz MHz

1-24/32 LD Channels

...

...
750 MHz

OFDM 3.1
860 MHz 1,000 MHz 1,200 MHz

OFDM 3.1
TBD

Upstream

Downstream

Expand 3.1 US capacity and possibly expand 3.1 DS capacity Use OFDM and OFDMA more extensively Only use OFDM in new spectrum Lots of DOCSIS 3.1 CMs Begin reduction of 2.0 CMs as DOCSIS 3.1 CMs replace them

What about other CCAP technologies?


Cable has been using fiber for over 25 years (HFC) Constantly driving fiber deep, segmenting HFC Direct fiber-based service delivery already used by MSOs Metro Ethernet commercial services broadly deployed P2P and P2MP: Active Ethernet, EPON, GPON, etc. Leveraging HFC infrastructure, using xWDM HFC options for EPON available and under development DPoE enables DOCSIS provisioning of EPON EPoC enables deployment of EPON protocol over HFC Cables networks are extremely functional and flexible

Additional evolution under development


Optical interfaces for CCAP Developed standard modular interfaces for DS lasers and US receivers Physical, electrical and management interface Short/long-reach DS modules now SCTE standards US module now submitted as an SCTE standard Distributed PHY being considered Move the modulation and demodulation to the node Just the PHY; the MAC and upper layers stay in HE Interface between node and HE would be 10G Ethernet

HFC Readiness for DOCSIS 3.1


Christoph Schaaf, KDG, New Technologies

DOCSIS 3.1: Pushing the Shannon Limit


Bit/sec/Hz: Spectrum Efficiency Theoretical Shannon Limit

10.5 8.6

DOCSIS 3.1 But... can todays HFC plants support these orders of modulation?

6.3

DOCSIS 3.0

MER: Network quality


Kabel Deutschland

OFDM system evaluation in Europe


The current DOCSIS PHY has been developed 18 years ago: DOCSIS 3.1 will include leading edge technologies and bring significant improvements OFDM is already widely deployed in digital transmission systems, such as terrestrial broadcasting, DLS, MoCA or Powerline Communication LDPC FEC systems are used in all second generation digital DVB transmission systems. OFDM modulation and the LDPC FEC code have been already carefully evaluated for broadcasting applications in European cable networks. DOCSIS 3.1. will enable the cable industry to deliver their customers a significantly extended service offering and compelling new services.
SNR
45 40 35 30 25

Best CPE: 1.5 dB

Max Average Min Theory

20
15 10

Modulation schemes

DVB-C2 Plug-Fest: OFDM overall implementation loss


Kabel Deutschland

Completing the Process: Increasing the Spectrum


Phil Oakley

Delivering More
The ability to change spectrum splits is important to understand

Changing the spectrum split is part of delivering more capacity

20

30

42

65

85

>200 MHz

Looking at history can be helpful VM has a goal to improve on broadband speeds A small part of our network had legacy spectrum splits that only supported a 30MHz band, limiting its capability. 30MHz couldnt deliver improved speeds Opportunity to refresh HFC equipment

Further optimise the network to reduce fault rate, improve performance

Not completed overnight


We created a dedicated team

They produced a streamlined design and build strategy

These areas had a number of older components The project could remove and change components that were seen to impact network performance Newer technologies could be used when and where appropriate

Remember Technology is the enabler, we MUST always be thinking of the customer Advanced customer communications

Dedicated customer support team


Post upgrade monitoring calls with the customer Dedicated Fast Response team if customer reports a problems.

What does this mean for DOCSIS3.1


DOCSIS 3.1 does not need a frequency change to deliver capacity improvements There are deployment options

Complete network overbuild, create a ubiquitous network service offering


Targeted network build out, by node/ hub site/ region Focus on visit once build out

Streamlined design process can improve delivery performance


Think innovatively about implementing network changes

Never forget the customer

Maintain communication, deal with an issues quickly

22

Dont be afraid of the change but be prepared for it


07/03/2013 Increasing the Specturm

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