Chuyen de GTLN Va GTNN Cua Ham So

Mt k thut tm GTLN v GTNN ca hm s THPT chuyn Nguyn Quang Diu
1

NG DNG O HM TM GTLN V GTNN
CA HM S NHIU BIN

Hunh Ch Ho

A. PHNG PHP CHUNG

gii bi ton tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s nhiu bin bng phng php hm s, thng thng ta
thc hin theo cc bc sau :
Bin i cc s hng cha trong biu thc v cng mt i lng ging nhau.
a vo mt bin mi t, bng cch t t bng i lng c bin i nh trn.
Xt hm s ) (t f theo bin t . Khi ta hnh thnh c bi ton tng ng sau : Tm gi tr ln
nht, gi tr nh nht ca hm s ) (t f vi D t e .
Lc ny ta s dng o hm tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca hm s ) (t f vi D t e .
Ch : trong trng hp khng th xy dng trc tip c hm s ) (t f vi D t e , ta c th i tm
- ) (t f vi D t e tha ) (t f P > i vi bi ton tm gi tr nh nht
- ) (t f vi D t e tha ) (t f P s i vi bi ton tm gi tr ln nht.

B. MT S BI TON MINH HA

I. XY DNG TRC TIP HM S ( ) f t BNG CC BIN I I S:
Phng php chung:
D on kh nng du bng xy ra hoc gi tr c bit trong iu kin t c bin ph t
thch hp.
C th bin i c v hm f(t) khng cn s dng tnh cht bt ng thc.
Hm f(t) tng i kho st c.
Ch phn tm iu kin ca t (phi tht chnh xc)
Thch hp cho cc thi khi B v D.

Th d 1. Cho x, y l cc s thc dng tha mn x + y = 1.
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
2 2
2 2
1 1
P x y
y x
| |
| |
= + +
| |
\ .
\ .

Li gii.
- Ta bin i ( )
2
2
1
2
( )
P xy
xy
= + +
- Do
= +
>
1
0 ,
y x
y x
nn
4
1
0 2 1 s < > + = xy xy y x .
- t ( )
2
xy t = , iu kin ca t l
16
1
0 s < t
- Khi biu thc ( )
t
t t f P
1
2 + + = =

2
- ( ) ;
1
'
2
2
t
t
t f

= ta thy ( ) 0 ' < t f vi mi
(
\
|
e
16
1
; 0 t , suy ra hm s f(t) nghch bin trn na khong
(
\
|
16
1
; 0
- Vy gi tr nh nht ca biu thc P l ( )
16
289
16
1
min min
]
16
1
; 0 (
=
|
.
|
\
|
= =
e
f t f P
t
.
Th d 2. (Khi A 2006) Cho cc s thc 0, 0 x y = = tha
2 2
( ) x y xy x y xy + = + .
Tm GTLN ca biu thc
3 3
1 1
A
x y
= + .
Li gii.
- t x y S + = v xy P = vi 0 P = , t gi thit ta c
3
2
+
=
S
S
P ( ) 3 S =
- x, y tn ti khi
2
2 2
4 4 1
4 1 0 3 1
3 3 3
S S
S P S S S
S S S

> > s > < v >
+ + +

- Ta bin i
2
2
3 3
2
3 3
2 2
3 3
3 3
3 ) ( ) )( (
|
.
|
\
| +
=
|
|
.
|
\
| +
=
+
=
+ +
=
+
=
S
S
xy
y x
y x
xy y x
y x
xy y x y x
y x
y x
A
- Xt hm s
t
t
t f
3
) (
+
= vi 3 1 t t < v > , ta c 0
3
) (
2
/
< =
t
t f
- BBT

- Suy ra
2
( ) 16 A f t = s
- Vy GTLN 16 = P khi
2
1
= = y x .
Th d 3. Cho cc s thc dng thay i , x y tha iu kin 1 x y + = .
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
3 3
1 1
P
x y xy
= +
+
.
Li gii.
-
xy xy xy y x xy y x xy y x
P
1
3 1
1 1
) ( 3 ) (
1 1 1
3 3 3
+
= +
+
= +
+
=
- t
4
1
2
0
2
=
|
.
|
\
| +
s = <
y x
xy t
- Xt hm s
t t
t f
1
3 1
1
) ( +
= vi
4
1
0 s < t

2 2
/
1
) 3 1 (
3
) (
t t
t f
=
6
3 3
0 ) (
/

= = t t f

+
0 1
_
t
f
/
(t)
f(t)
_
-3
1
4
1
-


3
- BBT

- Suy ra 3 2 4
6
3 3
+ =
|
|
.
|
\
|

> f P
- Vy GTLN 3 2 4 + = P khi
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
3
3 3 2
1
2
1
;
3
3 3 2
1
2
1
y x .
Th d 4. (khi D 2009) Cho cc s thc khng m , x y tha iu kin 1 x y + = .
Tm GTLN v GTNN ca biu thc
2 2
(4 3 )(4 3 ) 25 S x y y x xy = + + +
Li gii.
- Do 1 = + y x nn xy x y y x S 25 ) 3 4 )( 3 4 (
2 2
+ + + =
xy xy y x y x 25 9 ) ( 12 16
3 3 2 2
+ + + + =
| | xy y x xy y x y x 34 ) ( 3 ) ( 12 16
3 2 2
+ + + + =
12 2 16
2 2
+ = xy y x
- t
4
1
2
0
2
=
|
.
|
\
| +
s = s
y x
xy t
- Xt hm s 12 2 16 ) (
2
+ = t t t f vi
4
1
0 s s t
2 32 ) (
/
= t t f
16
1
0 ) (
/
= = t t f

- Vy GTLN
2
25
= S khi
2
1
= = y x
GTNN
16
191
= S khi
4
3 2
,
4
3 2
=
+
= y x hoc
4
3 2
,
4
3 2 +
=
= y x .
Th d 5. Cho cc s thc thay i , x y tha iu kin 0 y s v
2
12 x x y + = + .
Tm GTLN, GTNN ca biu thc 2 17 P xy x y = + + + .
Li gii.
- Ta c 3 4 0 12
2
s s s = + x y x x

+
8
0
+
t
f
/
(t)
f(t)
_
3- 3
6
0
4+2 3
1
4

1
4
0
+
t
f
/
(t)
f(t)
_
0
191
16
1
16
25
2
12


4
- 7 9 3 17 ) 12 ( 2 ) 12 (
2 3 2 2
+ = + + + + + = x x x x x x x x x P
- Xt hm s 7 9 3 ) (
2 3
+ = x x x x f vi 3 4 s s x
9 6 3 ) (
2 /
+ = x x x f 1 ; 3 0 ) (
/
= = = x x x f

- Vy GTLN 20 = P khi 6 , 3 = = y x hoc 0 , 3 = = y x
GTNN 12 = P khi 10 , 1 = = y x
Th d 6. Cho cc s thc 0 x > v 0 y > tha 2 x y + = .
Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
2 2
3
3 1
x xy y x
P
x xy
+ + +
=
+
.
Li gii.
-
s s
= +
>
>
2 0
2
0
0
x
y x
y
x

-
1
1
1 ) 2 ( 3
3 ) 2 ( ) 2 (
2
2 2 2
+ +
+
=
+
+ + +
=
x x
x x
x x x
x x x x x
P

2 2
2
/
) 1 (
2 2
+ +

=
x x
x
P

- Vy
3
1
= P GTNN khi 1; 1 x y = = .
Th d 7. Cho cc s thc thay i , x y tha iu kin 1 x y + = ,
2 2
1 x y xy x y + + = + + .
Tm GTLN, GTNN ca biu thc
1
xy
P
x y
=
+ +
.
Li gii.
- T gi thit 1 ) ( ) ( 1
2 2 2
+ = + + = + + xy y x xy y x xy y x
- t y x t + = , ta c 2
3
2
0 4 4 3 4 ) (
2 2
s s s > + t t t xy y x . Khi
1
1
2
+

=
t
t t
P

x
f
/
(x)
f(x)
-4 3 -3 1
0 0
-12
20
-13
-
+ +
20

+ -
1
3
0
2
1
0
P
P
/
x


5
- Xt hm s
1
1
) (
2
+

=
t
t t
t f vi 2
3
2
< s t

2
2
/
) 2 (
2
) (
+
+
=
t
t t
t f
/
2
( ) 0
0
t
f x
t
=
=

=

- Vy GTLN
3
1
= P khi
3
1
= = y x hoc 1 = = y x
GTNN 1 = P khi 1 , 1 = = y x hoc 1 , 1 = = y x .
Th d 8. Cho cc s thc thay i , x y tha iu kin , 0 x y = ,
2 2
( ) 2 xy x y x y x y + = + + .
Tm GTLN ca biu thc
1 1
P
x y
= + .
Li gii.
- T gi thit suy ra 2 ) ( 2 ) ( ) (
2
+ + + = + y x xy y x y x xy
- t y x t + = suy ra
2
2
2
+
+
=
t
t t
xy
- Ta c t t
t
t t t
xy y x s v < >
+
+
> + 2 2 0
2
8 4 2
4 ) (
2 3
2

- Khi
2
2
2
2
+
+
=
+
=
t t
t t
xy
y x
P
- Xt hm s
2
2
) (
2
2
+
+
=
t t
t t
t f t t s v < 2 2 vi

2 2
2
/
) 2 (
4 4 3
) (
+
+ +
=
t t
t t
t f 2 ;
3
2
0 ) (
/
=
= = t t x f

- Vy GTLN 2 = P khi 1 = = y x .
Th d 9. Cho cc s thc thay i , x y tha iu kin
2
1 ( ) y x x y = .
6 6
3 3
1 x y
P
x y xy
+
=
+
.

1
3
1
3
-2
3
+
t
f
/
(t)
f(t)
_
0
0
-1
2

-
+
-2
7
1
_
t
f
/
(t)
f(t)
_
-2
1 2
2


6
Li gii.
- Ta c 1 1
2 2
s > + = xy xy xy y x

3
1
3 ) ( 1
2 2 2
> + > + = xy xy y x xy y x
- Ta c
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 6
3 3 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) 3
1 1
( )
x y x y x y
x y
P
x y xy xy x y
xy x y
( + +
+

= =
+ +
+

- t t y x xy t + = + = 1
2 2

-
1
3 2
2
+
+
=
t
t
P
- Xt hm s
1
3 2
) (
2
+
+
=
t
t
t f vi 1
3
1
s s t
0
) 1 (
3 4 2
) (
2
2
/
<
+

=
t
t t
t f

- Vy GTNN
2
1
) 1 ( = = f P khi 1 = = y x
GTLN
6
25
)
3
1
( = = f P khi
1
3
x y = = .
Th d 10. (Khi B 2011)Cho a, b cc s thc dng tha
2 2
2( ) ( )( 2) a b ab a b ab + + = + + .
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
3 3 2 2
3 3 2 2
4 9
a b a b
P
b a b a
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ . \ .
.
Li gii.
- T gi thit ta c
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ > + + + = +
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
+ = +
|
.
|
\
|
+
a
b
b
a
a
b
b
a
a
b
b
a
ab
b a a
b
b
a
2 2
2 2
1 2 ) 2 (
1 1
1 2
- t
2
5
0 15 4 4 2 2 2 1 2
2
> > + > + + = t t t t t
a
b
b
a
t
- Ta c ) 2 ( 9 ) 3 ( 4 9 4
2 3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ = t t t
a
b
b
a
a
b
b
a
P 18 12 9 4
2 3
+ = t t t
- Xt hm s 18 12 9 4 ) (
2 3
+ = t t t t f vi t s
2
5

12 18 12 ) (
2 /
= t t t f 2 ;
2
1
0 ) (
/
= = = t t x f

1
2
1
25
6
-1
3
_
f(t)
f
/
(t)
t

+
+ t
f
/
(t)
f(t)
+
5
2
-23
4


7
- Suy ra
4
23
2
5
=
|
.
|
\
|
> f P
- Vy GTNN
4
23
= P khi 2 , 1 = = b a hay 1 , 2 = = b a .
Th d 11. Cho cc s thc thay i , x y tha iu kin
2 2
2( ) 1 x y xy + = + .
4 4
2 1
x y
P
xy
+
=
+
.
Li gii.
- t t xy = . Ta c: ( )
( )
2 1
1 2 2 4
5
xy x y xy xy xy + = + > >
- v ( )
( )
2 1
1 2 2 4
3
xy x y xy xy xy + = + > s . K:
1 1
5 3
t s s .
- Suy ra :
( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2
2
2
7 2 1
2 1 4 2 1
x y x y
t t
P
xy t
+
+ +
= =
+ +
.
- Do :
( )
( )
2
2
7
'
2 2 1
t t
P
t

=
+
,
' 0 0, 1( ) P t t L = = =
1 1 2
5 3 15
P P
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
v ( )
1
0
4
P =

- Vy GTLN l
1
4
v GTNN l
2
15
.
Th d 12. Cho cc s thc , , a b c tha 2 2 abc = .
Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu
6 6 6 6 6 6
4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2
a b b c c a
P
a b a b b c b c c a c a
+ + +
= + +
+ + + + + +

Li gii.
- Ta c
2 2 4 4
2 2 4 4 2 2
2 2 4 4
2 2 4 4 2 2
2 2 4 4
2 2 4 4 2 2
) )( ( ) )( ( ) )( (
a c a c
a c a c a c
c b c b
c b c b c b
b a b a
b a b a b a
P
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
=
- Nhn xt: Do 2 2 abc = nn
2 2 2
, , a b c l cc s thc dng
- Xt A =
2 2
2 2
x y xy
A
x y xy
+
=
+ +
vi x,y > 0
- Chia t v mu cho v t
x
t
y
= ta c
2
2
1
1
t t
A
t t
+
=
+ +
vi t > 0
- Xt hm s
1
1
) (
2
2
+ +
+
=
t t
t t
t f vi t < 0
2 2
2
/
) 1 (
2 2
) (
+ +

=
x x
x
t f

P
/
2
15
1
3
-
1
5
2
15
0
1
4
0
0
_
P
t
+


8

- Suy ra ( ) 4 2
3
2
) (
3
1
) (
3
1
) (
3
1
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= > + + = + + + + + > c b a c b a b c c b b a P
- Vy GTNN 4 = P khi 2 = = = c b a .
Th d 13. Cho hai s thc x, y tha mn 1, 1 x y > > v 3( ) 4 . x y xy + =
Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
3 3
2 2
1 1
3 . P x y
x y
| |
= + + +
|
\ .

Li gii.
- t a y x = + . Khi . 0 ,
4
3
> = a
a
xy
- Suy ra y x, l nghim ca phng trnh 0
4
3
2
= +
a
at t (1)
- Phng trnh (1) c nghim . 3 0 3
2
> > = A a a a
- V 1 , > y x nn . 0 ) 1 )( 1 ( > y x Hay l 0 1 ) ( > + + y x xy . 4 0 1
4
3
s > + a a
a

- Vy ta c 4 3 s s a .
- Mt khc, t gi thit ta li c .
3
4 1 1
= +
y x

- Suy ra
xy y x
y x xy y x P
6 1 1
3 ) ( 3 ) (
2
3
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + + + = .
3
16 8
4
9
2 3
+ =
a
a a
- Xt hm s . 4 3 ,
3
16 8
4
9
) (
2 3
s s + = a
a
a a a f
- Ta c ]. 4 ; 3 [ , 0
8
)
2
3
( 3
8
2
9
3 ) ( '
2 2
2
e > + = + = a
a
a a
a
a a a f

a 3
4
) ( ' a f +

) (a f P =

3
94

12
113

- Da vo BBT ta suy ra
12
113
min = P , t khi ;
2
3
3 = = = y x a

3
94
max = P , t khi
= =
= =
=
. 1 , 3
3 , 1
4
y x
y x
a .

+
0
+
t
f
/
(t)
f(t)
_
0
1
3
1


9
Th d 14. Cho cc s thc khng m , , x y z tho mn
2 2 2
3 x y z + + = .
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc
5
A xy yz zx
x y z
= + + +
+ +
.
Li gii.
- t z y x t + + =
2
3
) ( 2 3
2
2

= + + + + + =
t
zx yz xy zx yz xy t .
- Ta c 3 0
2 2 2
= + + s + + s z y x zx yz xy nn 3 3 9 3
2
s s s s t t v . 0 > t
- Khi .
5
2
3
2
t
t
A +
=
- Xt hm s . 3 3 ,
2
3 5
2
) (
2
s s + = t
t
t
t f
- Ta c 0
5 5
) ( '
2
3
2
>
= =
t
t
t
t t f v . 3 > t
- Suy ra ) (t f ng bin trn ] 3 , 3 [ . Do .
3
14
) 3 ( ) ( = s f t f
- Du ng thc xy ra khi . 1 3 = = = = z y x t
- Vy GTLN ca A l
3
14
, t -c khi . 1 = = = z y x
Th d 15. Cho hai s thc x tha mn 0 1, 0 1 x y < s < s v 4 . x y xy + =
Hy tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
2 2
7 . M x y xy = +
Li gii.
- t . 4t y x t xy = + = Theo nh l Viet o x, y l nghim ca ph-ng trnh
. 0 4 ) (
2
= + = t tX X X h
- V 1 , 0
2 1
s < x x nn ph-ng trnh 0 ) ( = X h c nghim
2 1
, X X tho mn
1 0
2 1
s s < X X
s = <
> =
< =
> = A
1 2
2
0
0 3 1 ) 1 ( . 1
0 ) 0 ( . 1
0 4 '
2
t
s
t h
t h
t t

3
1
4
1
s s t .
- Khi ( ) , 9 16 9
2 2
t t xy y x M = + = vi .
3
1
4
1
s s t
- Ta c |
.
|
\
|
e > > =
3
1
;
4
1
32
9
0 9 32 ) ( ' t t t M . Suy ra Bng bin thin

t
M'(t)
M
4
1

32
9

3
1

9
11

64
81

4
5

- 0 +

10
- Suy ra: M
max
9
11
= , t khi
3
1
, 1
3
1
= = = y x xy hoc . 1 ,
3
1
= = y x
M
min

64
81
= , t khi
4
3
2
32
9
= = = y x xy hoc .
4
3
2 = = x y
Th d 16. Cho x, y l hai s thc tha mn
2 2
3. x y xy + + =
Hy tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
4 4 3 3
4 A x y xy x y = + +
Li gii.
- iu kin: 3 ; 1 > > y x .
- t 0 3 ; 0 1 s = > + = y v x u . Khi h cho tr thnh
=
= +
= +
= +
2
2
2
2
2 2
a a
uv
a v u
a v u
a v u

v u, l nghim ca ph-ng trnh ( ) 0
2
2
2
2
=
+ =
a a
at t t f .
- H cho c nghim ph-ng trnh ( ) 0 = t f c nghim
2 1
, t t tho mn
2 1
0 t t s s
( ) 2 0 0
2
2
0 0 . 1
2
s s s
s a
a a
f .
- t xy t = . T gi thit 3
2 2
= + + xy y x ta c:
+) ( ) 3 3
2
> > + = xy xy xy y x .
+) . 1 3 3
2 2
s > + + = xy xy xy y x Vy 1 3 s s t .
+) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 4 4
6 9 2 3 2 y x xy y x xy y x y x y x = = + = + .
Suy ra 1 3 , 9 2
2 3
s s + = t t t t A .
- Xt hm s ( ) 1 3 , 9 2
2 3
s s + = t t t t t f .
( ) t t t t f < = , 0 2 2 3 '
2
. Vy hm s nghch bin trn , nn:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 33 3 max ; 5 1 min
1 3 1 3
= = = =
s s s s
f t f f t f
t t

- rng 1 1 = = = y x t v 3 3 = = = y x t
- Vy 5 min = A , t khi 1 = = y x
33 max = A , t khi 3 = = y x .
Th d 17. (khi B 2012) Cho cc s thc x, y, z tha mn cc iu kin 0 x y z + + = v
2 2 2
1 x y z + + = .
5 5 5
P x y z = + + .
Li gii.
Cch 1:
-
2 2 2
0
1
x y z
x y z
+ + =
+ + =

2
1
( )
2
2 2
3 3
xy x y
x y
= +
s + s

- P = x
5
+ y
5
+ z
5
= x
5
+ y
5
(x + y)
5
= -5xy(x
3
+ y
3
) 10x
2
y
2
(x + y)
=
3 3
5 1 5 5
( ) ( )
2 2 2 4
x y x y t t
(
+ + = +
(

; t = x + y
- f(t) =
3
5 5
2 4
t t +

11
f(t) =
2
15 5
2 4
t +
f(t) = 0 t =
1
6

t
2
3

1
6

1
6

2
3

f(t) 0 + 0
f(t)
5 6
36

5 6
36

5 6
36

- Suy ra P s
5 6
36
. Vy max P =
5 6
36
xy ra khi t =
1
6

1
6
1
3
( )
x y
xy
z x y
+ =
= +
(c nghim) hay
2
3
1
6
( )
x y
xy
z x y
+ =
= +
(c nghim)
Cch 2:
- Vi x + y + z = 0 v
2 2 2
1 x y z + + = , ta c:
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
0 2 2 1 2 2 x y z x y z x y z yz x yz = + + = + + + + + = + , nn
2
1
.
2
yz x =
- Mt khc
2 2 2
1
2 2
y z x
yz
+
s = , suy ra
2
2
1 1
2 2
x
x

s , do
6 6
(*)
3 3
x s s
- Khi :
5 2 2 3 3 2 2
( )( ) ( ) P x y z y z y z y z = + + + +

2
5 2 2 2 2
1
(1 ) ( )( ) ( )
2
x x y z y z yz y z x x
| |
( = + + + + +
|

\ .

2
5 2 2 2 2 3
1 1 5
(1 ) (1 ) (2 ).
2 2 4
x x x x x x x x x x
( | | | |
= + + + =
| | (
\ . \ .

- Xt hm
3
( ) 2 f x x x = trn
6 6
;
3 3
(
(

, suy ra
2
( ) 6 1 f x x ' = ;
6
( ) 0
6
f x x ' = =
- Ta c
6 6 6 6 6 6
,
3 6 9 3 6 9
f f f f
| | | | | | | |
= = = =
| | | |
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
Do
6
( )
9
f x s
Suy ra
5 6
36
P s
-
Khi
6 6
,
3 6
x y z = = =
th du bng xy ra.
- Vy gi tr ln nht ca P l
5 6
36

Th d 18. Cho 2 s thc x, y tha mn : 2 2 1 1 x y x y + = + + + .
Tm GTLN, GTNN ca F =
2(1 )
( ) ( )
2 2
xy x y x y
x y y x
x y
+ +
+ +
+
.

12
Li gii.
- T gi thit 2; 1 x y > > .
- V
( ) ( )( )
2
2 2
2. 2 1. 1 2 1 2 1 x y x y + + s + + + 2 2 1 5( 1) x y x y + + s + .
Nn t 2 2 1 1 x y x y + = + + +
5( 1) 1 x y x y + s + + . t t = x + y , ta c: 1 5( 1) 1 6 t t t s s s
- Khi : F =
2 2
1 2 1 2
( )
2 2
x y t
x y t
+ + = +
+
.
- Xt
2
1 2
( )
2
f t t
t
= + , vi
| |
1; 6 t e , c
| |
'
1
( ) 0; 1; 6 f t t t
t t
= > e

| | 1;6
5
( ) (1)
2
t
Min f t f
e
= = ;
| | 1;6
2
ax ( ) (6) 18
6
t
M f t f
e
= = +
GTNN ca F l:
5
2
t c ti:
2
1
1
x
t
y
=
=

=

- Vy GTLN ca F l
2
18
6
+ t c ti :t= 6
6
0
x
y
=

Th d 19. Cho x v y l cc s thc tha mn:
2
1 ( ) y x x y = .
Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca biu thc:
6 6
3 3
1 x y
P
x y xy
+
=
+

Li gii.
- T gi thit ta c:

2 2
1 2 x y xy xy xy = + > 1 xy s .

2 2 2
1 ( ) 3 3 x y xy x y xy xy = + = + >
1
3
xy

> .
- Ta c
2 2
1 x y xy + = + nn
6 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) 3 x y x y x y x y ( + = + +

- t t xy = vi { }
1
;1 \ 0
3
t
(
e
(

. Khi ta c P
2 3
(1 ) (1 ) 3 1
(1 )
t t t
t t
( + +

=
+

- Hay P
2
2 3
1
t
t
+
=
+
= ( ) f t
- Hm s ( ) f t trn { }
1
;1 \ 0
3
(
(

- Ta c
2
2
2 4 3
'( ) 0
( 1)
t t
f t
t

= <
+
{ }
1
;1 \ 0
3
t
(
e
(

- Vy
1
(1) 1 1
2
MinP P t x y = = = = =

1 25 1 1
( )
3 6 3 3
MaxP P t x y = = = = =
Th d 20. Cho , , x y z thuc on
| |
0; 2 v 3 x y z + + = .
Tm gi tr ln nht ca
2 2 2
A x y z = + +
Li gii.
- Cho , , x y z thuc | |
0; 2 v 3 x y z + + = . Tm gi tr ln nht ca
2 2 2
A x y z = + +
- Gi s:
| |
3 3 1 1;2 x y z x y z z z z s s = + + s > e

13
- Li c:

( )
2 2 2
2
2 2
( ) , (*)
3 2 6 9
x y x y
A z z z z
+ s +
s + = +

- Xt
| |
2
3
( ) 2 6 9, 1; 2 '( ) 4 6, '( ) 0
2
f z z z z f z z f z z = + e = = =

3 9
(1) 5; (2) 5;
2 2
f f f
| |
= = =
|
\ .

- Kt hp (*) ta c
- Vy max 5 A= khi 0; 1; 2 x y z = = =


14
II. XY DNG GIN TIP HM S ( ) f t BNG S DNG TNH CHT BT NG
THC:
Phng php chung:
D on kh nng du bng xy ra hoc gi tr c bit trong iu kin t c bin ph t
thch hp.
Kh nng bin i c v hm f(t)l kh buc phi s dng bt ng thc.
Lu khi s dng bt ng thc iu kin du bng xy ra phi ng
Cn thuc mt s bt ng thc ph c th a v theo mt i lng thch hp no theo
mong mun.
Hm f(t) tng i kho st c.
Ch phn tm iu kin ca t (phi tht chnh xc)
Thch hp cho cc thi khi A v B.

Th d 1. (Khi B 2009) Cho cc s thc thay i tha
3
( ) 4 2 x y xy + + > .
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
4 4 2 2 2 2
3( ) 2( ) 1 P x y x y x y = + + + + .
Li gii.
- Ta c
2
2 2
2
2
) (
|
|
.
|
\
| +
s
y x
xy
- 1 ) ( 2
2
) ( 3
2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
+ +
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
| +
+ > y x
y x
y x P
- t
2
1
2
) (
2
2 2
>
+
> + =
y x
y x t (theo gi thit > + + +
2 3
) ( ) ( y x y x 2 4 ) (
3
> + + xy y x )
- Xt hm s 1 2
4
9
) (
2
+ = t
t
t f vi
2
1
> t
2
2
9
) (
/
=
t
t f

- Suy ra
16
9
)
2
1
( ) ( = > > f t f P
- Vy GTNN
16
9
= P khi
2
1
= = = z y x .
Th d 2. (Khi B 2010) Cho cc s thc khng m a, b, c tha 1 a b c + + = .
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3( ) 3( ) 2 P a b b c c a ab bc ca a b c = + + + + + + + +
Li gii.
- Ta bin i
2
( ) 3( ) 2 1 2( ) P ab bc ca ab bc ca ab bc ca > + + + + + + + +
- t ca bc ab t + + = , iu kin
3
1
3
) (
0
2
=
+ +
s + + = s
c b a
ca bc ab t

x
f
/
(t)
f(t)
+
1
2
9
16


15
- Xt hm s
2
1
( ) 3 2 1 2 , 0;
3
f t t t t t
(
= + + e
(

, ta c
2
'( ) 2 3
1 2
f t t
t
= +

/ /
3
2
( ) 2 0
(1 2 )
f t
t
= s

Do vy
/
( ) f t l hm nghch bin:
/ /
1 11
( ) 2 3 0
3 3
f t f
| |
> = >
|
\ .
.
Suy ra ( ) f t l hm s ng bin
- BBT
t 0
1
3

( )
/
f t
-
( ) f t

10 6 3
9
+

2
- Suy ra 2 ) 0 ( ) ( = > > f t f P
- Vy GTNN 2 = P khi
= + +
= + +
= =
1
0
c b a
ca bc ab
ca bc ab
khi ) 0 ; 0 ; 1 ( v cc hon v.
Th d 3. Cho a, b, c l di ba cnh ca tam gic c chu vi bng 3.
Tm GTLN ca biu thc
2 2 2
3( ) 4 P a b c abc = + + + .
Li gii.
- Gi s
2
3
1 0 < s s s < c c b a
- Ta c abc c ab b a P 4 3 6 ) ( 3
2 2
+ + + = ab c c c ) 3 ( 2 3 ) 3 ( 3
2 2
+ =

2
2 2
2
) 3 ( 2 3 ) 3 ( 3
|
.
|
\
| +
+ >
b a
c c c

2
2 2
2
3
) 3 ( 2 3 ) 3 ( 3
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
c
c c c

2
27
2
3
2 3
+ = c c
- Xt hm s
2
27
2
3
) (
2 3
+ = t t t f vi
2
3
1 < s t
c c t f 3 3 ) (
2 /
=
- BBT:

0
0
+
t
f
/
(t)
f(t)
_
1
13
3
2


16
- Suy ra 13 ) 1 ( = > f P
- Vy GTNN 13 = P khi 1 = = = c b a .

Th d 4. Cho cc s dng , , x y z tha 1 x y z + + s .
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
1 1 1
P x y z
x y z
= + + + + + .
Li gii.
- Theo bt ng thc Csi ta c

3
3 1 xyz z y x > + + >

3
3 1 1 1
xyz
z y x
> + +
- Suy ra
3
3
3
3
xyz
xyz P + >
- Xt hm s
t
t t f
3
3 ) ( + = vi
3
1
0 s < t
0
3 3 3
3 ) (
2
2
2
/
<
= =
t
t
t
t f

- Suy ra 10 )
3
1
( ) ( = > > f t f P
- Vy GTNN 10 = P khi
3
1
= = = z y x
Th d 5. (Khi A 2003) Cho cc s ng , , x y z tha 1 x y z + + s .
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
P x y z
x y z
= + + + + + .
Li gii.
- Ta c
2
3
2
3
2
2
1
3 ) 3 ( 3
1 1 1
) (
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ >
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + + + + >
xyz
xyz
z y x
z y x P
- Xt hm s
t
t t f
9
9 ) ( + = vi
9
1
0 s < t
9
1
3
0
2
=
|
.
|
\
| + +
s <
z y x
t
0
9 9 9
9 ) (
2
2
2
/
<
= =
t
t
t
t f

10
1
3
0
_
f(t)
f
/
(t)
x

82
1
9
0
_
f(t)
f
/
(t)
x


17

- Suy ra 82 )
9
1
( ) ( = > > f t f P
- Vy GTNN 82 = P khi
3
1
= = = z y x .
Th d 6. Cho cc s thc khng m a, b, c tha 3 a b c + + = .
Tm GTLN ca biu thc
2 2 2 2 2 2
( )( )( ) P a ab b b bc c c ca a = + + + .
Li gii.
- Gi s 3 0 s s s s c b a

- Suy ra
s
s
0 ) (
0 ) (
c a a
b a a
s +
s +
2 2 2
2 2 2
c c ac a
b b ab a

- Do | | bc c b c b c bc b c b P 3 ) ( ) (
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= + s
- T
s s s s
= + +
3 0
3
c b a
c b a
ta c 3 2 3 s + s s + + + s + c b bc c b c b a c b
- Suy ra
4
9
0 s s bc
- T ta c ) 3 9 (
2 2
bc c b P s
- Xt hm s
2 3
9 3 ) ( t t t f = vi
4
9
0 < s t
t t t f 18 9 ) (
2 /
+ =

- Suy ra 12 ) 2 ( = s f P
- Vy GTLN 12 = P khi 2 ; 1 ; 0 = = = c b a v cc hon v.
Th d 7. Cho cc s thc a, b, c i mt khc nhau thuc
| |
0; 2 .
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
2 2 2
1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
P
a b b c c a
= + +

.
Li gii.
- Gi s 2 0 s s s s c b a
- T
s <
s <
b b c
a c
2 0
2 0
>
>
2 2
2
) 2 (
1
) (
1
4
1
) (
1
b c b
a c

- Suy ra
4
1
) 2 (
1 1
2 2
+
+ >
b b
P

0
9
4
12
0
2
_
f(x)
f
/
(x)
t
+
0


18
- Xt hm s
4
1
) 2 (
1 1
) (
2 2
+
+ =
b b
b f vi 2 0 < < b

3 3
/
) 2 (
2 2
) (
b b
b f
+ =

- Suy ra
4
9
) 1 ( = > f P
- Vy GTNN
4
9
= P khi 2 ; 1 ; 0 = = = c b a v cc hon v.
Th d 8. Cho cc s ng , x y tha 1 x y + = .
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
1 1
x y
P
x y
= +

.
Li gii.
- p dng BT b a
a
b
b
a
+ > +
- x x
x
x
x
x
P + >
= 1
1
1

- Xt hm s x x x f + = 1 ) ( vi 1 0 < < x

x x
x f
=
1 2
1
2
1
) (
/
. ( )
/
1
0
2
f x x = =

- Suy ra 2 )
2
1
( = s f P
- Vy GTNN 2 = P khi
2
1
= = y x .
Th d 9. (Khi B 2006) Cho cc s thc thay i , x y .
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
2 2 2 2
( 1) ( 1) 2 P x y x y y = + + + + +
Li gii.
- Ta c BT
2 2 2 2 2 2
) ( ) ( d b c a d c b a + + + > + + +
2 1 2 2 ) ( ) 1 1 (
2 2 2
+ + = + + + + + > y y y y y x x P
0
+
b
f
/
(b)
f(b)
_
1
0
9
4
2
0

0
1
2
0
1
2
_
f(x)
f
/
(x)
x
+
0


19
- Xt hm s 2 1 2 ) (
2
+ + = y y y f
- Trng hp 2 0 2 < < y y
y y y f + =
2
1 2 ) (
1
1
2
) (
2
/
+
=
y
y
y f

3
1
0 ) (
/
= = y y f
Suy ra 3 2
3
1
) ( + =
|
|
.
|
\
|
> f y f
- Trng hp 2 0 2 > > y y

3 2 2 1 2 1 2 ) (
2 2
+ > + > + > y y f
- Vy GTNN 3 2 + = P khi
3
1
, 0 = = y x .
Th d 10. Cho cc s ng , , x y z tha 3 x y z + + s .
Tm GTLN ca biu thc
2 2 2
1 2
( 1)( 1)( 1)
1
P
x y z
x y z
=
+ + +
+ + +
.
Li gii.
- p dng BT csi, ta c

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
) 1 (
4
1
) 1 (
2
1
) (
2
1
1 + + + > + + + > + + + z y x z y x z y x

3
3
3
) 1 )( 1 )( 1 (
|
.
|
\
| + + +
s + + +
z y x
z y x
- Suy ra
3
) 3 (
54
1
2
+ + +
+ + +
s
z y x z y x
P
- t 1 1> + + + = z y x t

3
) 2 (
54 2
+
s
t t
P
- Xt hm s
3
) 2 (
54 2
) (
+
=
t t
t f vi t < 1

4 2
/
) 2 (
162 2
) (
+
+ =
t t
t f 4 ; 1 0 ) (
/
= = = t t t f

+
2+ 3
2
-
_
f(y)
f
/
(y)
y

+
1
4
0
4
_
f(t)
f
/
(t)
t
+
0


20
- Suy ra
4
1
) 4 ( = s f P
- Vy GTLN
4
1
= P khi 1 = = = z y x .
Th d 11. Cho cc s dng , , x y z . Tm GTLN ca biu thc
2 2 2 2 2 2
x y z
P
x y y z z x
= + +
+ + +

Li gii.
- t
z
x
c
y
z
b
x
y
a = = = , , 1 = abc
- Suy ra
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+
+
+
s
+
+
+
+
+
=
2 2
2 2 2 2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
c b
a c b a
P

x x
bc
a
+
+
+
s
+
+
+
s
1
1
1 2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2

- t
x
t
+
=
1
1
vi
2
1
0 s < t
- Xt hm s t t t f + = 1 2 2 ) (
0
1
1 2 2
) (
/
>

=
t
t
t f

- Suy ra
2
3
)
2
1
( = s f P
- Vy GTLN
4
1
= P khi 1 = = = z y x .
Th d 12. Cho cc s dng , , x y z tha 3 x y z + + = .
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
2 2 2
2 2 2
xy yz zx
P x y z
x y y z z x
+ +
= + + +
+ +
.
Li gii.
- Ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
) )( ( ) ( 3 ca bc ab a c c b b a c b a c b a c b a c b a + + + + + + + + = + + + + = + +
- M 0 ) ( 3 ) ( 3
2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 3
2 2 3
2 2 3
> + + > + +
> +
> +
> +
a c c b b a c b a
a c ca c
c b bc b
b a ab a

- t
2 2 2
z y x t + + =
-
t
t
t
z y x
z y x
z y x P
2
9
) ( 2
) ( 9
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2

+ =
+ +
+ +
+ + + >
- Xt hm s
t
t t f
2
9
2
1
) ( + = vi t s 3

-
0
3
2
1
2
t
f
/
(t)
f(t)
+


21

2
/
2
9
1 ) (
t
t f =

- Suy ra
4
1
) 4 ( = s f P
- Vy GTLN
4
1
= P khi 1 = = = z y x .
Th d 13. Cho cc s khng m , , x y z tha 0 x y z + + > .
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
3 3 3
3
16
( )
x y z
P
x y z
+ +
=
+ +

Li gii.
- Ta c
4
) (
3
3 3
y x
y x
+
> + da vo php chng minh tng ng
- t a z y x = + + , khi

3
3 3
3
3 3
3
3 3 3
64 ) ( 64 ) (
) (
16
4
a
z z a
a
z y x
z y x
z y x
P
+
=
+ +
>
+ +
+ +
=
- t
a
z
t =
- Xt hm s
3 3
64 ) 1 ( ) ( t t t f + = vi 1 0 s s t
| |
2 2 /
) 1 ( 64 3 ) ( t t t f =
9
1
0 ) (
/
= = t t f

- Suy ra
1 1 16
,
4 9 81
P f
| |
> =
|
\ .

- Vy GTNN
81
16
= P khi z y x 4 = = .
Th d 14. (Khi B 2007) Cho cc s thc dng x, y, z .
Tm GTNN ca biu thc
1 1 1
2 2 2
x y z
P x y z
yz zx xy
| | | |
| |
= + + + + +
| | |
\ .
\ . \ .
.
Li gii.
+
4
0
+ t
f
/
(t)
f(t)
+

0
+
t
f
/
(t)
f(t)
_
1
9
0
64
81
1


22
- Ta c
xyz
z y x z y x
P
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
+ +
+
+ +
=
- Do zx yz xy z y x + + > + +
2 2 2

|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ >
z
z
y
y
x
x
P
1
2
1
2
1
2
2 2 2

- Xt hm s
t
t
t f
1
2
) (
2
+ = vi
2
1
> t

2
/
1
) (
t
t t f =

- Vy GTNN
2
9
= P khi 1 = = = z y x .

Th d 15. (Khi A 2011)Cho x, y, z l ba s thc thuc on [1;4] v , x y x z > > .
Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
2 3
x y z
P
x y z y z x
= + +
+ + +
.
Li gii.
- Ta c
ab
b a
+
>
+
+
+
1
2
1
1
1
1
vi 0 , 0 > > b a v 1 > ab (chng minh tng ng)
- Khi
1 1 1 2
3
2 3
1 1 2
1
x
P
z x y
x y x
y z x
y
= + + > +
+
+ + +
+

- t
y
x
t = vi 2 1 s s t
- Suy ra
t t
t
P
+
+
+
>
1
2
3 2
2
2

- Xt hm s
t t
t
t f
+
+
+
=
1
2
3 2
) (
2
2
vi 2 1 s s t

| |
0
) 1 ( ) 3 2 (
9 ) 1 2 ( 3 ) 3 4 ( 2
) (
2 2 2
3
/
<
+ +
+ +
=
t t
t t t t
t f

34
33
2 1
_
f(t)
f
/
(t)
t


23
- Suy ra ( )
33
34
2 = > f P

- Vy GTNN
33
34
= P khi 2 ; 1 ; 4 = = = z y x .
Th d 16. Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c.
2 2 2
1 2
( 1)( 1)( 1)
1
P
a b c
a b c
=
+ + +
+ + +
.
Li gii.
- p dng BT Csi ta c

2 2 2 2 2 2
) 1 (
4
1
) 1 (
2
1
) (
2
1
1 + + + > + + + > + + + c b a c b a c b a ,

3
3
3
) 1 )( 1 )( 1 (
|
.
|
\
| + + +
s + + +
c b a
c b a .
- Suy ra
3
) 3 (
54
1
2
+ + +
+ + +
s
c b a c b a
P .
- t 1 , 1 > + + + = t c b a t . Khi ta c
3
) 2 (
54 2
+
s
t t
P .
- Xt hm
3
) 2 (
54 2
) (
+
=
t t
t f trn ) ; 1 ( + . Ta c
4 1 0 ) ( ' ;
4
1
) 2 ( 9 0
) 2 (
3 . 54 2
) ( '
2
4 2
< < >
=
=
+ = =
+
+ = t t f
t
t
t t
t t
t f .
Suy ra BBT

t 1 4 +

) ( ' t f + 0

) (t f

4
1

- Da vo BBT suy ra
4
1
s P . Du ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi 1 4 = = = = c b a t .
- Vy gi tr ln nht ca P l
4
1
, t c khi 1 = = = c b a .
Th d 17. (khi D-2012) Cho cc s thc x, y tha mn ( ) ( )
2 2
4 4 2 32 x y xy + + s .
Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc ( )( )
3 3
3 1 2 A x y xy x y = + + + .
Li gii.
-
2 2
( 4) ( 4) 2 32 x y xy + + s
2
( ) 8( ) 0 x y x y + + s 0 8 x y s + s
-
2
4 ( ) xy x y s +
2
3
6 ( )
2
xy x y > +
- A =
3 3
3( 1)( 2) x y xy x y + + + =
3
( ) 6 3( ) 6 x y xy x y + + +
- A
3 2
3
( ) ( ) 3( ) 6
2
x y x y x y > + + + +

24
-
t t = x + y ( 0 8 t s s ), xt f(t) =
3 2
3
3 6
2
t t t + f(t) =
2
3 3 3 t t

f(t) = 0 khi t =
1 5
2
+
; f(0) = 6, f(8) = 398, f(
1 5
2
+
) =
17 5 5
4

- Vy gi tr nh nht ca f(t) l
17 5 5
4
xy ra khi t =
1 5
2
+

- A > f(t) >
17 5 5
4
. Du bng xy ra khi x = y v x + y =
1 5
2
+
hay x = y =
1 5
4
+

BI TP

Bi 1: Cho x, y, z l ba s thc tha 2
2 2 2
= + + z y x Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
xyz z y x P 3
3 3 3
+ + =
Hng dn : t z y x t + + =
Bi 2: Cho cc s dng z y x , , tha 3 = + + z y x . Tm GTNN ca biu thc
yz xz xy P 22 10 9 + + =
Hng dn :
| | | | ) ( 3 12 ) ( 3 ) ( 10 9 12 ) ( 10 9 y x y y x y x xy yz z y x xy P + + + + + = + + + =
Xt hm s t t t f 3 ) (
2
+ = vi 3 0 s s t
) ( max 22 ) ( 12 ) ( 10 t f xy y f y x f P s + + =
Bi 3: Cho cc s dng z y x , , tha 1
2 2 2
= + + z y x . Tm GTLN ca biu thc
xyz x z y P 27 ) ( 6 + + =
Hng dn :
| | | |
2
) 1 (
27 ) 1 ( 2 6
2
27 ) ( 2 6
2
2
2 2
2 2
x x
x x
z y
x x z y P

+ =
+
+ + s
Bi 4: Cho cc s dng z y x , , tha 12 8 2 21 s + + zx yz xy . Tm GTNN ca biu thc

z y x
P
3 2 1
+ + =
Hng dn :
t
z
c
y
b
x
a
3
;
2
;
1
= = = , bi ton a v tm GTNN c b a P + + = vi
7 2
4 2
+
>
ab
b a
c
7 2
14
2
2
7 2
2
11
7 2
14
2
2
7
2
14 14
4 2
+
+
+ + =
+
+ + + >
|
.
|
\
|

+ +
+ + >
ab
a
a
a
ab
a
a
ab
a
a
a
b a
a
b a
a a
b a
b a P
Xt hm s
2
7
1 2
2
11
) (
t t
t t f + + + =
Bi 5: Cho cc s thc z y x , , khng ng thi bng 0 tha ) ( 2
2 2 2
zx yz xy z y x + + = + + . Tm GTLN,
GTNN ca biu thc

) )( (
2 2 2
3 3 3
z y x z y x
z y x
P
+ + + +
+ +
=
Hng dn :
t
z y x
x
a
+ +
=
4
,
z y x
y
b
+ +
=
4
,
z y x
z
c
+ +
=
4
. Khi 4 = + + c b a v 4 = + + ca bc ab

25
p dng BT bc c b 4 ) (
2
> + suy ra
3
8
0 s s a
Khi ) 16 12 12 3 (
32
1
) (
32
1
2 3 3 3 3
+ + = + + = a a a c b a P
Xt hm s ) 16 12 12 3 (
32
1
) (
2 3
+ + = t t t t f
Bi 6: Cho cc s dng z y x , , tha xyz z y x 32 ) (
3
= + + . Tm GTLN ca biu thc

4
4 4 4
) ( z y x
z y x
P
+ +
+ +
=
Hng dn :
Do t v mu cng bc nn gi s 4 = + + z y x
Ta c ) ( 2 ) (
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
x z z y y x z y x z y x + + + + = + +
| | | | ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) (
2
2
2
z y x xyz zx yz xy zx yz xy z y x + + + + + + + + =
t zx yz xy t + + =
Xt hm s ) 16 ( 2 ) 2 16 ( ) (
2 2
= t t t f
Bi 7: Cho cc s dng z y x , , tha
7
1
2 2 2
=
+ +
+ +
z y x
zx yz xy
. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca biu thc

4
4 4 4
) ( z y x
z y x
P
+ +
+ +
=
Hng dn :
Do t v mu cng bc nn gi s 1 = + + z y x
T gi thit
7
1
2 2 2
=
+ +
+ +
z y x
zx yz xy
9
1
7
1
) ( 2 1
= + + =
+ +
+ +
zx yz xy
zx yz xy
zx yz xy
z z xy ) 1 (
9
2
=
Ta c ) ( 2 ) (
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
x z z y y x z y x z y x + + + + = + +
| | | | ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) (
2
2
2
z y x xyz zx yz xy zx yz xy z y x + + + + + + + + =
Xt hm s theo bin z v { }
3
1
0 , , min s < = z z y x z
Bi 8: Cho cc s dng z y x , , . Tm GTNN ca biu thc

) )( (
9 ) ( 2
3
zx yz xy z y x
xyz z y x
P
+ + + +
+ + +
=
Hng dn :
Do t v mu cng bc nn gi s 1 = + + z y x v { }
3
1
0 , , min s < = z z y x z

Chuyen de GTLN Va GTNN Cua Ham So

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Chuyen de GTLN Va GTNN Cua Ham So

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