rogers (nr9358) Kinematics #2 volle (301) This print-out should have 30 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points A vehicle moves in a straight line with an acceleration of 8 km/h2 . By how much does the speed change each second? Correct answer: 0.00222222 km/h. Explanation: Let : a = 8 km/h2 t = 1 s . and

vf vi v = t t vf vi 13 m/s 6.8 m/s = t = aavg 2.1 m/s2 a= = 2.95238 s .

004 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A car initially at rest on a straight road accelerates according to the acceleration vs time plot. a t3 t1 1h 3600 s t2 t4 t

When a vehicle is moving in a straight line, a= v t

v = a t = (8 km/h2 )(1 s) = 0.00222222 km/h .

What is the best description of the motion of the car? Take forward to be the positive direction. 1. The car goes forward and then goes backward, ending behind where it started. 2. The car starts at rest, accelerates to a high speed, cruises for a short while, decelerates to a lower speed, then cruises. correct 3. The car goes backward and then goes forward. 4. The car goes forward and then goes backward, ending where it started. 5. The car starts at rest, accelerates to a low speed, comes to a stop, accelerates backwards and cruises in reverse. 6. The car starts at rest, goes up to a high speed, stops moving, travels backward, and stops. Explanation: Use the acceleration to determine the velocity behavior:

002 10.0 points A car travels in a straight line for 4.1 h at a constant speed of 83 km/h . What is its acceleration? Correct answer: 0 m/s2 . Explanation: The acceleration is zero since there is no change in velocity. 003 10.0 points A car traveling at 6.8 m/s accelerates 2.1 m/s2 to reach a speed of 13.0 m/s. How long does it take for this acceleration to occur? Correct answer: 2.95238 s. Explanation: Let : aavg = 2.1 m/s2 , vi = 6.8 m/s , and vf = 13.0 m/s .

rogers (nr9358) Kinematics #2 volle (301) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) v0 = 0 (initially at rest) 0 < t < t1 : a = 0 (remains at rest) t1 < t < t2 : a > 0 (accelerates forward) t2 < t < t3 : a = 0 (constant speed) t3 < t < t4 : a < 0 (decelerates) t4 < t : a = 0 (constant speed) v 8. t2 t1 t3 t4 t

005 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points Which of the following graphs describes the velocity vs time of the car? v 1. t3 t1 t2 t4 t

v 9. t3 t1 t2 t4 t

v 2. t3 t1 t2 t4 t

Explanation: 1) 0 < t < t1 : v0 = 0 2) t1 < t < t2 : velocity increases uniformly 3) t2 < t < t3 : constant velocity 4) t3 < t < t4 : velocity decreases uniformly 5) t4 < t : constant velocity The velocity vs time graph can be found by plotting the area under the acceleration vs time curve. 006 10.0 points A car, moving along a straight stretch of highway, begins to accelerate at 0.0411 m/s2 . It takes the car 55.4 s to cover 1 km. How fast was the car going when it rst began to accelerate? Correct answer: 16.9121 m/s. Explanation: t Let : a = 0.0411 m/s2 , t = 55.4 s , and d = 1 km . d = v0 t + v0 = 1 2 at 2

v 3. t3 t1 t2 t4 t

4. None of these graphs is correct. v 5. t1 correct v 6. t1 t2 t3 t4 t t2 t3 t4

v 7. t2 t1 t3 t4 t

d 1 at t 2 1 km 1 = (0.0411 m/s2 ) (55.4 s) 55.4 s 2 = 16.9121 m/s .

007 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points Consider the acceleration of a particle along a

rogers (nr9358) Kinematics #2 volle (301) straight line with an initial position of 43 m and an initial velocity of 14 m/s. acceleration (m/s2 ) 1 velocity (m/s) 0 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 time (s) 6 7 8 9 4 3 2 1 0 1 1 2 3 8

Consider the plot below describing motion along a straight line with an initial position of x0 = 10 m.

What is the velocity at 4 s? Correct answer: 18 m/s. Explanation: Let :

4 5 6 7 time (s) What is the position at 2 seconds? Correct answer: 13 m. and

v0 = 14 m/s , a = 1 m/s2 , t = 9 s .

Explanation: The initial position given in the problem is 10 m. 4 velocity (m/s) 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 time (s) 7 8 9

The change in velocity is the area a t between the acceleration curve and the time axis; by formula, v = v0 + a t = 14 m/s + (1 m/s ) (4 s) = 18 m/s . 008 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points What is the position at 4 s? Correct answer: 107 m. Explanation: Let : x0 = 43 m .
2

The position at 2 seconds is 10 meters plus the area of the triangle (shaded in the above plot) x = 10 m + 1 (2 s 0 s) 2 (3 m/s 0 m/s)

The change in position is the area between the velocity curve and the time axis; by formula 1 x = x0 + v0 t + a t2 2 = 43 m + (14 m/s) (4 s) 1 + (1 m/s2 ) (4 s)2 = 107 m . 2 009 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points

= 13 m ;

however, it can also be calculated: x = xi + vi (tf ti ) + 1 ( tf ti ) 2 2 = (10 m) + (0 m/s) (2 s 0 s) 1 + (1.5 m/s2 ) (2 s 0 s)2 2 = 13 m .

rogers (nr9358) Kinematics #2 volle (301) 010 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points What is the position at 6 seconds? Correct answer: 27 m. Explanation: The position is 13 m plus the area of the trapezoid from 2 s to 6 s x = 13 m + 1 (6 s 2 s) 2 (4 m/s + 3 m/s)

from rest on a large frozen lake and accelerates at 13.3 m/s2 . At t1 the rocket engine is shut down and the sled moves with constant velocity v for another t2 s. The total distance traveled by the sled is 5.30 103 m and the total time is 90.7 s. Find t1 . Correct answer: 4.50547 s. Explanation: Let : xtot = 5.30 103 m ttot = 90.7 s . and

= 27 m ;

however, it can also be calculated: x = xi + vi (tf ti ) + 1 ( tf ti ) 2 2 = (13 m) + (3 m/s) (6 s 2 s) 1 + (0.25 m/s2 ) (6 s 2 s)2 2 = 27 m .

While the sled is accelerating, Let : vi,1 = 0 m/s , a = 13.3 m/s2 , vf,1 = v . 1 x1 = a (t1 )2 2 After the engine shut down, Let : a = 0 m/s2 and vi,2 = vf,1 = v . and

011 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points What is the position at 8 seconds? Correct answer: 26.3333 m. Explanation: The position is 27 m minus the area of the triangle from 6 s to 8 s x = (27 m) + 1 (8 s 6 s) 2 (0.666667 m/s 0 m/s)

t2 = 90.7 s t1 . x 2 = v t 2 = (a t1 ) (90.7 s t1 ) xtot = x1 + x2 1 = a (t1 )2 + (a t1 ) (90.7 s t1 ) 2 1 = a (t1 )2 + (a t1 ) (90.7 s) 2 a (t1 )2 1 = a (t1 )2 + (a t1 ) (90.7 s) , so 2 1 a (t1 )2 (a t1 ) (90.7 s) + xtot = 0, 2

= 26.3333 m ;

however, it can also be calculated x = xi + vi (tf ti ) + 1 ( tf ti ) 2 2 = 27 m + (0 m/s) (8 s 6 s) 1 + (0.333333 m/s2 ) (8 s 6 s)2 2 = 26.3333 m .

012 (part 1 of 5) 10.0 points An ice sled powered by a rocket engine starts

rogers (nr9358) Kinematics #2 volle (301) a quadratic equation in t1 . Applying the quadratic formula, t1 = a(90.7 s) discriminant a Since the discriminant is 1 a (xtot ) D = [a(90.7 s)]2 4 2 = 13.3 m/s2 (90.7 s) = 1.3142 106 m2 /s2 , t 1 = a(90.7 s)
2

015 (part 4 of 5) 10.0 points At the 6300 m mark, the sled begins to decelerate at 7.6 m/s2 . What is the nal position of the sled when it comes to rest? Correct answer: 6536.23 m. Explanation:

2 13.3 m/s2 (5300 m) Let : xi = 6300 m , a = 7.6 m/s2 , vi = v = 59.9227 m/s , vf = 0 m/s .

1.3142 106 m2 /s2 a (13.3 m/s2 )(90.7 s) = 13.3 m/s2

and

1.3142 106 m2 /s2 13.3 m/s2 1206.31 m/s 1146.39 m/s = 13.3 m/s2 = 4.50547 s or 176.895 s . The time for the accelerated motion was 4.50547 s . 013 (part 2 of 5) 10.0 points Find t2 . Correct answer: 86.1945 s. Explanation: For the remainder of the trip, t2 = ttot t1 = 90.7 s 4.50547 s = 86.1945 s .

2 2 vf = vi + 2 a x = 0

x =

2 vi (59.9227 m/s)2 = 2a 2 (7.6 m/s2 ) = 236.232 m ,

so the sleds nal position is xi + x = 6300 m + 236.232 m = 6536.23 m .

016 (part 5 of 5) 10.0 points How long does it take for the sled to come to rest? Correct answer: 7.88457 s. Explanation:

014 (part 3 of 5) 10.0 points Find v . Correct answer: 59.9227 m/s. Explanation: The velocity at the end of the accelerated motion is v = a t1 = (13.3 m/s2 )(4.50547 s) = 59.9227 m/s .

vf = 0 = vi + a t 59.9227 m/s vi = t = a 7.6 m/s2 = 7.88457 s .

017 10.0 points A jet plane lands with a speed of 120 m/s and

rogers (nr9358) Kinematics #2 volle (301) can decelerate uniformly at a maximum rate of 4.1 m/s2 as it comes to rest. Can this plane land at an airport where the runway is 0.82 km long? Answer this by calculating. Correct answer: 1.7561 km. Explanation: Let : vi = 120 m/s , vf = 0 m/s , and a = 4.1 m/s2 . aavg = vf vi v vi = = t t t vi t = aavg 1 vi + vf t 2 1 vi 2 1 = vi t = 2 2 aavg The distance is d = vav t = vi + vf t 2 2d 2 (180 ft) t= = vi + vf 78 ft/s + 93 ft/s = 2.10526 s .

019 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A speeder passes a parked police car at 25.7 m/s. Instantaneously, the police car starts from rest with a uniform acceleration of 2.49 m/s2 . How much time pases before the speeder is overtaken by the police car? Correct answer: 20.6426 s. Explanation: Let : vs = 25.7 m/s , vi,p = 0 m/s , and ap = 2.49 m/s2 .

x =

1 (120 m/s)2 1 km = 2 2 (4.1 m/s ) 1000 m = 1.7561 km . The plane cannot land at an airport with a runway that is 0.82 km long, because it needs 1.7561 km at a minimum to stop. 018 10.0 points An automobile traveling along a straight road increases its speed from 78 ft/s to 93 ft/s in 180 ft. If the acceleration is constant, how much time elapses while the auto moves the 180 ft? Correct answer: 2.10526 s. Explanation: Let : d = 180 ft , vi = 78 ft/s , vf = 93 ft/s .

vs t = xs = xp =

1 ap (t)2 2

2 vs t = ap (t)2 2 vs = ap t 2 vs 2 (25.7 m/s) t = = ap 2.49 m/s2 = 20.6426 s . 020 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points How far does the speeder get before being overtaken by the police car? Correct answer: 530.514 m. Explanation: Either distance can be used: xs = vs t = (25.7 m/s)(20.6426 s) = 530.514 m , or

and

rogers (nr9358) Kinematics #2 volle (301) 1 ap (t)2 2 2.49 m/s2 (20.6426 s)2 = 2 = 530.514 m . s = v0 t + 1 2 at 2

x p =

for each particle. Particle B will pass particle A when the positions are the same, so sA = sB v0A t + 1 1 aA t2 = v0B t + aB t2 2 2

021 10.0 points When Maggie applies the brakes of her car, the car slows uniformly from 14.8 m/s to 0 m/s in 2.46 s. How far ahead of a stop sign must she apply her brakes in order to stop at the sign? Correct answer: 18.204 m. Explanation: Let : vi = 14.8 m/s , vf = 0 m/s , and t = 2.46 s .

2 v0A t + aA t2 = 2 v0B t + aB t2 aA t2 aB t2 + 2 v0A t 2 v0B t = 0 t(aA t aB t + 2 v0A 2 v0B ) = 0 t (aA aB ) t + 2 (v0A v0B ) = 0 t= 2 (v0B v0A ) (aA aB ) 2 (2.8 m/s 7.6 m/s) = (4.2 m/s2 7.5 m/s2 ) = 2.90909 s .

The equation simplies to x = vi + vf 1 t = vi t 2 2 1 = (14.8 m/s) (2.46 s) 2 = 18.204 m .

The trivial solution t = 0 must be rejected.

023 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points At what position will the faster particle pass the slower? Correct answer: 39.881 m. Explanation: 1 a A t2 2 = (7.6 m/s)(2.90909 s) 1 + (4.2 m/s2 )(2.90909 s2 ) 2 = 39.881 m .

022 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points Two particles moving along parallel paths in the same direction pass the same point at the same time. Particle A has an initial velocity of 7.6 m/s and an acceleration of 4.2 m/s2 . Particle B has an initial velocity of 2.8 m/s and an acceleration of 7.5 m/s2 . At what time will B pass A? Correct answer: 2.90909 s. Explanation: Let : v0A aA v0B aB = 7 . 6 m/ s , = 4.2 m/s2 , = 2.8 m/s , and = 7.5 m/s2 .

s = v0A t +

024 10.0 points A train is moving parallel and adjacent to a highway with a constant speed of 28 m/s. Initially a car is 46 m behind the train, traveling

rogers (nr9358) Kinematics #2 volle (301) in the same direction as the train at 39 m/s and accelerating at 3 m/s2 . What is the speed of the car just as it passes the train? Correct answer: 47.9249 m/s. Explanation: Let : xot = 46 m , vt = 28 m/s , at xoc voc ac = 0 m/s2 , = 0 m, = 39 m/s , = 3 m/s2 . 22 m 1588 m2 = 2.97495 s t= 2 (3 m/s2 ) and the velocity of the car is vc = voc + a t = 39 m/s + (3 m/s2 )(2.97495 s) = 47.9249 m/s .

and

After a time t, the car will be at position xc = voc t + and the train at xt = xot + vt t . When the car catches up with the train after time t, xc = xt 1 voc t + a t2 = xot + vt t 2 a t2 + 2 (voc vt ) t 2 xot = 0 Applying the quadratic equation b b2 4 a c t= . 2a 1 a c t2 , 2

025 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A car starts from rest and travels for 7.8 s with a uniform acceleration of +2.4 m/s2 . The driver then applies the brakes, causing a uniform deceleration of 2.2 m/s2 . If the brakes are applied for 2.9 s, how fast is the car going at the end of the braking period? Correct answer: 12.34 m/s. Explanation: Let : vi = 0 m/s , t 1 = 7 . 8 s , a1 = +2.4 m/s2 , a2 = 2.2 m/s2 , t 2 = 2 . 9 s . For the rst time interval, vf 1 = v1 + a1 t1 = a1 t1 = 2.4 m/s2 (7.8 s) = 18.72 m/s . For the second time interval, vi2 = vf 1 : vf 2 = vi2 + a2 t2 = 18.72 m/s + 2.2 m/s2 (2.9 s) = 12.34 m/s . 026 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points How far has it gone from its start? Correct answer: 118.045 m. Explanation: and

b = 2 (voc vt ) t = 2 (39 m/s 28 m/s) (2.97495 s) = 22 m and the discriminant b2 + 8 a xot = (22 m)2 + 8 (3 m/s2 ) (46 m) = 1588 m2 , so

rogers (nr9358) Kinematics #2 volle (301) For the rst time interval, x1 = v1 t1 + = 1 1 a1 (t1 )2 = a1 (t1 )2 2 2 x xstop = v0 t x xstop 49 m 12.0714 m t = = v0 13 m/s = 2.84066 s .

1 2.4 m/s2 (7.8 s)2 2 = 73.008 m .

For the second time interval, vi2 = vf 1 : x2 = vi2 t2 + 1 a2 (t2 )2 2 = (18.72 m/s) (2.9 s) 1 + 2.2 m/s2 (2.9 s)2 2 = 45.037 m . 028 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points If his or her reaction time is 3.00066 s, how fast will (s) he be traveling when (s)he reaches the deer? Correct answer: 5.3963 m/s. Explanation: Let : t = 3.00066 s .

The nal position is x1 + x2 = 73.008 m + 45.037 m = 118.045 m . 027 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points Tip: Use 25 and 26 as a warm-up for this problem. Denition: Reaction time is the time between when a driver decides to brake and when the foot actually hits the brake pedal. During this time, the speed of the car is constant. A motorist traveling at 13 m/s encounters a deer in the road 49 m ahead. If the maximum acceleration the vehicles brakes are capable of is 7 m/s2 , what is the maximum reaction time of the motorist that will allow her or him to avoid hitting the deer? Correct answer: 2.84066 s. Explanation: Let : v0 = 13 m/s , v = 0 m/s , and a = 7 m/s2 .
2 v 2 = v0 + 2 a xstop = 0 2 v0 (13 m/s)2 xstop = = 2a 2 (7 m/s2 ) = 12.0714 m , and

2 v 2 = v0 + 2 a xslow

2 a (x v0 t) = 2 (7 m/s2 ) [49 m (13 m/s) (3.00066 s)] = 139.88 m2 /s2 , so

v= =

2 + 2 a ( x v t ) v0 0

(13 m/s)2 + (139.88 m2 /s2 )

= 5.3963 m/s . 029 10.0 points A ball is thrown upward.

10.1 m/s

hmax

rogers (nr9358) Kinematics #2 volle (301) What is its maximum height? Its initial vertical speed is 10.1 m/s and the acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Neglect air resistance. Correct answer: 5.20459 m. Explanation: Consider the motion upward. Let : v0 = 10.1 m/s , vf = 0 m/s , and g = 9.8 m/s2 .
2 v 2 = v0 + 2 g hmax = 0 v2 (10.1 m/s)2 hmax = 0 = 2g 2 (9.8 m/s2 )

10

= 5.20459 m .

030 10.0 points An object is released from rest on a planet that has no atmosphere. The object falls freely for 2.98 m in the rst second. What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the planet? Correct answer: 5.96 m/s2 . Explanation: Let : s = 2.98 m .

1 2 at 2 2 (2.98 m) 2s = 5.96 m/s2 . a= 2 = t (1 s)2 s=