Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) and Quantization

Abstract The principal objective of the experiment is to understand Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) and Quantization. In order to understand well, we write the MATLAB code to understand quantization process. We generate a signal in MATLAB then we perform the quantization process. Introduction The aim of this experiment is to learn quantization techniques. In this laboratory work we construct a signal which is sampled at different rate. Then, we quantize the signal with formula. We examine this technique in MATLAB. This experiment is important because in digital communication quantization process is very important in this laboratory we perform this process. Experimental Procedure In this experiment we generate a signal x[n]=cos [2**f1*n/Fs] + cos [2**f2*n/Fs]. In laboratory work there are some design parameters. f1=1 KHz, f2=4 KHz, Fs=48 KHz and time duration=5 ms. Then, the signal is quantized with this formula. (( ) ( ))

Then, we choose a and b. a is equal to minimum value of x[n]. b is equal to maximum value of x[n]. N represents the number of bits to represent the sample value. In laboratory work N is specified. The values of N are equal to 2, 3. Then, we plot the quantized signal and original signal on the same figure.

Results and Discussion Part 1 We construct a signal x[n]=cos [2**f1*n/Fs] + cos [2**f2*n/Fs]. Our design parameters are f1=1 KHz, f2=4 KHz, Fs=48 KHz and time duration=5 ms. We obtain this signal and plot this signal in time domain.

Part 2 We convert the original signal to quantized signal. We choose the N which is equal to 2. Then, these signals are plotted on the same figure.

We convert the original signal to quantized signal. We choose the N which is equal to 3. Then, these signals are plotted on the same figure.

When the number of bits is increased, the quality of quantized signal is increase. We know number of bits represent the sample value. When these sampling numbers are increased, quantization error decreases. Thanks to PCM method the signal can be tracked easily.

Conclusion In conclusion, I want to mention shortly about what we have done in this laboratory. Our work consists of two main part. First part we generate a signal and plot this signal on MATLAB. Second part we performed the quantization process. We quantized this signal with above formula. Then, original signal and quantized signal are plotted on the same figure. Thanks to this figure, we can compare quantized signal. The most important benefits of this laboratory experiment are we learned the quantization process. With help of MATLAB, we simulated this operation. This is very useful because we can saw the difference between original signal and quantized signal The commands which are I learned in previous laboratory, thanks to this laboratory I remember them and I learned different command like floor.