CHAP 8 : SALT

Preparation of Soluble Salts

Soluble salts

Method 1
Neutralisation Process
Acid + Alkali  Salt +H2O
Titration Process
Procedure
-3
1. Fill burette with 2.0 mol dm acid
(can be HCl, HNO3 or H2SO4)
2. Record initial burette reading.
3. Using pipette to transfer 25.0 of
-3
2.0 mol dm alkali (can be NaOH,
KOH or NH4OH) solution in conical
flask.
4. Add two to three drops of
indicator(phenolphthalein or
methyl orange).
5. Slowly adding the acid into conical
flask and swirl the conical flask.
Continue adding until the indicator
change from pink to colourless
(phenolphthalein).
6. Record the final burette reading.
Determine the volume of acid
3
used, V cm .
3 -3
7. Pipette 25.0 cm of 2.0 mol dm of
the same alkali into conical flask.
Do not add indicator.
3 -3
8. Add V cm of 2.0 mol dm nitric
acid into the conical flask.
9. Pour the contents into evaporating
dish.
10. Gently heat the solution to
produce saturated solution.
11. Allow the saturated solution to
cool it to room temperature to
crystalize it.
12. Filter out the crystals
13. Dry the crystals by pressing
between a few pieces of filter
paper/ or can be dry in oven.
Method 2
Acid + Metal  Salt +H2
Method 3
Acid + Metal Oxide  Salt +H2O
Method 4
Acid + Metal Carbonate  Salt +H2O + CO2
Procedure
1.
3 -3
Pour 50 cm of 2.0 mol dm acid (can
be HCl, HNO3, H2SO4) into a beaker.
2. The acid heated gently
3. Add he metal powder bit a bit into the
acid until some of it no longer
dissolves.
4. The contents are filtered to remove
the excess of metal powder.
5. Gently heat the solution to produce
saturated solution.
6. Allow the saturated solution to cool it
to room temperature to crystalize it.
7. Filter out the crystals
8. Dry the crystals by pressing between a
few pieces of filter paper/ or can be
dry in oven.
Note :
Method 2 only can be used to prepared
Magnesium Salts, Aluminium Salts, Zinc Salts
and Iron Salts.
Method 3 and 4 can be used to prepared all
soluble salts other than Sodium Salts,
Potassium Salts and Ammonium Salts
Example :
Preparation Sodium Chloride salts
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O (method 1)

Note : Preparation Magnesium Sulphate salts

Method 1 can be use only for preparation
Sodium Salts, Potassium Salts and
Ammonium Salts
Mg + H2SO4  MgSO4 + H2 (method 2)
Preparation Copper (II) Sulphate salts
CuO + H2SO4  CuSO4 + H2O (method 3)

Preparation Calcium Nitrate salts

CaCO3 + 2HNO3  Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 (method 4)

mnz/chem/form4
 CHAP 8 : SALT

Preparation of Insoluble Salts

Insoluble salts

Method 1
PRECIPITATION REACTION

Definition : Reaction that involve two different aqueous

solutions mutually exchange their ions to produce
insoluble salts

Example :
Formation of Barium Sulphate, BaSO4
Solution required :
1. Solution that contains Ba2+ ions (BaCl2)
2. Solutions that contains SO42- ions (Na2SO4/H2SO4)

BaCl + Na2SO4  BaSO4 + 2NaCl

For ionic equation : Ba2+ + SO42-  BaSO4

Procedure :
1. Measure 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 Barium chloride and
pour into beaker.
2. Add 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 Sodium sulphate into the
beaker.
3. Stir the mixture with glass rod.
4. Filter the mixture and rinse the precipate with distilled
water.
5. Dry the residue (precipate BaSO4) between a few pieces
of filter paper.

mnz/chem/form4