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5.

What are you going The price of a fried banana is Rp 500,00.


to learn? If Ali buys 2 fried bananas, how many rupiahs will Ali

À To comprehend
pay for? How many rupiahs must Ali pay for if he wants
direct proportion to buy 5 fried bananas?
À To find value
Fill in the blanks:
based on direct
proportion Fried Bananas Price (Rp)
1 500
Key Term: 2 .........
• direct proportion
5 .........
8 .........
........ 3,000
......... 4,500

If someone buys more fried bananas, what will happen with the
price?
What is the price proportion of 2 fried bananas to 5 fried
bananas?
What is the price proportion of 8 fried bananas to 5 fried
bananas?
What is the proportion of Rp 5,000.00 fried bananas to Rp
4,500.00 fried bananas?

What is your opinion about the proportion of the number of


fried bananas to the price?
The above illustration shows the examples of a direct
proportion.
Can you formulate all characteristics of a direct proportion?

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 193


In Bu Ina’s grocery, the price of a package containing 2 kg of sugar
is Rp 9,400.00 and the price of a package containing 5 kg of sugar
is Rp 22,750.00. Which package is cheaper? What would you do to
solve that problem?

Problem 1

Problem solving
Two students can carry 15 books. How many books can 8 students
carry?

Is it a direct proportion problem? Why?


Look at some students’ work below.

Aulia’s work:
The table for the problem is:

Number of Students Number of Books

2 15

4 30

8 60

Then, 8 students can carry 60 books.

194 / Student’s Book - Proportion


Budiman’s work:
Number of Number of
students books
2 15
2 15
2 15
2 15

8 60
Then, 8 students can carry 60 books.

Cikal’s work:
Number of Number of
students books
2 15
8 x
2 1
The ratio of the number of students is or .
8 4
15
The ratio of the number of books is .
x
1 15
The problem is a direct proportion, so = .
4 x
The value of x can be calculated as follows:
1 15
=
4 x

Therefore x = 4 × 15 = 60.
So, 8 students can carry 60 books.

Dhani’s work:

Students Books

2 15
8 x
The ratio of students is 2 : 8 or 2 .
8

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 195


2 15
The ratio of books is = .
8 x
The value of x can be found by:

2 15
8 x
We have:

2.x = 15 . 8
⇔ x = 15× 8
2
⇔ x = 120
2
⇔ x = 60
So, 8 students can carry 60 books.

What is your opinion about the above solutions?


Are they the same as your solutions?
Which solutions are easy to understand?
Is there another solution to that problem?
What if there are 80 students?
Suppose the books are thin, so that 3 students can carry 15 books.
How many books can 80 students carry?

Problem 2

Ali’s house is located 3 kilometres from his school. It takes Ali 15


minutes to go to school by bike.
How many kilometres can Ali reach in 5 minutes?
Is it a direct proportion problem? Why?
Can you write a mathematical expression for that problem?

196 / Student’s Book - Proportion


Work
Together

Look at this Chocolate Cookies Recipe. Work together with your


group to answer these questions:

• What is the weight ratio of sugar to


Ingredients : flour?
100 grams of margarine
150 grams of powder • What is the weight ratio of butter
sugar
200 grams of flavor
to flour?
50 grams of Chocolate • What is the weight ratio of sugar
powder
4 eggs to chocolate?
Direction:
Mix Powder Sugar, • Can you find the weight ratio of
Flavour and Eggs
butter to eggs?
• If you want to make chocolate cookies 3 times as much as this
recipe, calculate all ingredients that you will need.
• If you only have 100 grams of flour, how much of the other
ingredients will you need in order to make chocolate cookies as
the recipe suggests?

Problem 3

A package of peanut costs


Rp 350.00.
If you buy 3 packages of peanut,
you only pay Rp 1,000.00.
Is it a direct proportion problem?
State your reason.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 197


1. Determine the unit price of:
a) 3 litres of oil, which costs Rp16,950.00
b) a dozen eggs, which costs Rp 5,100.00
c) 94 kilometers which is reached in 4 hours

2. Three tomatoes are Rp. 500.00.


a) If you have Rp 1,500.00 how many
tomatoes can you buy?
b) How much money do you pay for
21 tomatoes?

3. To celebrate Lebaran, mother will make shirts


for Levi and Dhani. To make Levi’s shirt,
fabric of 91 cm long is needed.
If the size ratio of Levi to Dhani is 7: 4,
how many cm of fabric are needed for
Dhani’s shirt?

Levi Dhani

4. Every week a television channel broadcasts two live football


matches. How many times will the TV channel broadcast live
football matches in a year? (1 year = 52 weeks)

5. Since Auntie has a job, she subscribes 4 magazines every


month. How many copies of magazines does Auntie have if
now she has worked for 52 months?

6. For her canteen, Ms. Wati needs 100 kg of rice every 3 days.
How many kg of rice does Bu Wati need in June? (In June
there are 30 days)

198 / Student’s Book - Proportion


7. A square pond of 3 metres in length will be enlarged up to 5
metres in length. How long is the perimeter of the pond
before being enlarged?
a. Determine the ratio of the length of the pond to its perimeter
before being enlarged.
If the perimeter of the pond after being enlarged is x meter,
determine the ratio of the length of the new pond to the
length of the old pond, and the ratio of the perimeter of the
new pond to the perimeter of the old pond.

b. What is the perimeter of the pond after being enlarged?


8. The figure on the right is a map of land
with the scale of 1 : 200.
Measure the dimension of the map by
using your ruler.
What is the approximate area of
the land in reality?

9. Critical Thinking Determine the ratio of the perimeter if its


length is doubled. Is it directly proportional?

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 199


200 / Student’s Book - Proportion

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