Chapter 5: Primitive function – Nguyên hàm

chuong3a – nick yahoo, mail: chuong2a@gmail.com

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1
 x a +1 dx
1 / ∫ x a dx = a ≠ −1 2/∫ = ln x
a +1 x
x ax
3 / ∫ a dx = 4 / ∫ e x dx = e x 5 / ∫ eax .dx = a.eax
ln a
cos ax sin ax
5 / ∫ sin ax.dx = − 6 / ∫ cos ax.dx =
a a
dx tgax dx cot gax
7/ ∫ = 8/ ∫ =−
cos 2 ax a sin 2 ax a
9 / ∫ shx.dx = chx 10 / ∫ chx.dx = shx
dx dx
11 / ∫ = − coth x 12 / ∫ = th x
sh 2 x ch 2 x

13 /
dx
∫ x2 + a2 ( )
Put x = a.tan t ⇒ dx = a tan 2 t + 1 dt, t = arctan
x
a

⇒∫
dx
=∫
(
a tan 2 t + 1 dt ) 1 t 1 x
= ∫ dt = = .arctan + C
x2 + a2 (
a 2 tan 2 t + 1 ) a a a a

dx dx 1  dx dx 
14 / ∫ =∫ = ∫ +∫
a2 − x2 ( a − x ) ( a + x ) 2a  a − x a + x 
set a − x = u ⇒ dx = −du a + x = v ⇒ dx = dv
1  dx dx  1  du dv  ln v − ln u 1 a+x
⇒ ∫ +∫  =  −∫ +∫ = = ln
2a  a − x a + x  2a  u v  2a 2a a − x

* I=∫
dx
a2 − x2
( )
if x < a ⇒ set x = a.tanh u ⇒ dx = a 1 − tanh 2 u .du ⇒ u = arg tanh x

⇒I=∫
(
a 1 − tanh 2 u du ) 1 u arg tanh x
a 2 − a 2 .tanh 2 u
=
a ∫ du = =
a a
dx dx arg tanh x −1 a + x 1 a−x
⇒∫ = −∫ =− = ln = ln
x2 − a2 a2 − x2 a 2a a − x 2a a + x
 ex − e− x   2e− x 
x = a.tanh u = a.   = a 1 − <a
 e x + e− x   e x + e− x 
   

2
* I=∫
2
a −x
dx
2 (
if x > a ⇒ set x = a.coth u ⇒ dx = a 1 − coth 2 u .du ⇒ u = arg coth x )
⇒I=∫
(
a 1 − coth 2 u du ) 1 u arg coth x
a∫
= du = =
a 2 − a 2 .coth 2 u a a
dx dx arg coth x −1 a + x 1 a−x 1 x−a
⇒∫ = −∫ =− = ln = ln = ln  
x2 − a2 a2 − x2 a 2a a − x 2a a + x 2a  x + a 
 e x + e− x   2e− x 
x = a.tanh u = a.   = a 1 + >a
 ex − e− x   e x + e− x 
   

dx π π x
15 / I = ∫ set x = a.sin t with − ≤ t ≤ ⇒ dx = a.cos t.dt, t = arcsin
a2 − x2 2 2 a
a.cos t.dt a.cos t.dt x
⇒I=∫ =∫ = ∫ dt = t = arcsin +C
a 2 − a 2 .sin 2 t a cos 2 t a
x
set x = a.cos t with 0 ≤ t ≤ π ⇒ dx = −a.sin t.dt, t = arccos
a
−a.sin t.dt −a.sin t.dt x
⇒I=∫ =∫ = − ∫ dt = − t = − arccos +C
a 2 − a 2 .cos 2 t a sin 2 t a

dx
16 / ∫ set x 2 + a 2 = t − x
x2 + a2
2 t2 − a2
⇒ x + a = ( t − x)
2 2 2
= t − 2t.x + x ⇒ x = 2
,
2t

( t 2 − a 2 ) .2t − ( 2t ) ( t 2 − a 2 )
' '
4t 2 − 2t 2 + 2a 2 t2 + a2
dx = dt = dt = dt
( 2t ) 2 4t 2 2t 2

t2 + a2
dt
dx 2 dt
⇒∫ =∫ 2t = ∫ = ln t + C = ln x + x 2 + a 2 + C
x2 + a2 t2 − a2 t
t−
2t

3
 π π
Cách 2 ( second method ) : set x = a.tan t with − < t < ( −∞ < x < +∞ )
2 2

( )
⇒ dx = a tan 2 t + 1 dt, t = arctan
x
a
( )
a tan 2 t + 1 dt
⇒I=∫
dx
=∫ =∫ ( tan2 t + 1) .dt
x2 + a 2 (
a 2 tan 2 t + 1 )
dt  t π 1 x π
I=∫ = ln tan  +  + C = ln tg  arctan +  + C
cos t 2 4 2 a 4

x.dx
17 / ∫ arcsin x.dx = x.arcsin x − ∫ x.d ( arcsin x ) = x.arcsin x − ∫
1 − x2
( ∫ u.dv = u.v − ∫ v.du )
∫
x.dx
1 − x2
( set x 2 = u ) = 12 ∫ du
1− u
= − 1 − u = − 1 − x2

⇒ ∫ arcsin x.dx = x.arcsin x + 1 − x 2 + C

x.dx
18 / ∫ arccos x.dx = x.arccos x − ∫ x.d ( arccos x ) = x.arccos x + ∫
1 − x2

∫
x.dx
1 − x2
( set x 2 = u ) = 12 ∫ du
1− u
= − 1 − u = − 1 − x2

⇒ ∫ arccos x.dx = x.arccos x − 1 − x 2 + C

x.dx
19 / ∫ arc tgx.dx = x.arc tgx − ∫ x.d ( arc tgx ) = x.arc tgx − ∫
1 + x2
x.dx
∫ 1 + x2 ( set x 2 = u ) = 12 ∫ 1du+ u = ln ( 1 + u ) = ln ( 1 + x 2 )
⇒ ∫ arc tgx.dx = x.arc tgx − ln ( 1 + x 2 ) + C

x.dx
20 / ∫ arc cot x.dx = x.arc cot x − ∫ x.d ( arc cot x ) = x.arctan x + ∫
1 + x2
x.dx
∫ 1 + x2 ( dat x 2
= u ) =
1 du
∫
2 1+ u
= ln ( 1 + u ) = ln ( 1 + x 2 )

⇒ ∫ arc cot x.dx = x.arc cot x + ln ( 1 + x 2 ) + C

4
 dx x 2dt
* I=∫ Put t = tan ⇒ x = 2 arctan t, dx = ,
sin x 2 2
1+ t
−1
x x sin ( x/2 )  1  2 tan ( x/2 ) 2t
sin x = 2sin .cos = 2 .  = =
2 2 cos ( x/2 )  cos 2 ( x/2 )  tan 2 ( x/2 ) + 1 1 + t 2
 

cos x = 2 cos 2x

−1 =  2 −
1 
 .
1 
 =
−1
2 − tan 2 ( x/2 ) + 1 1 − t 2
=
( )
2  cos 2
( )
x/2   cos 2
( )
x/2  tan 2
( )
x/2 + 1 1 + t2

dx 2dt 2t dt x
⇒I = ∫ =∫ ÷ = ∫ = ln t = ln tan + C
sin x 1 + t2 1 + t2 t 2

 π
d x + 
dx dx dx x π
=∫ 
2
22 / I = ∫
cos x ∫
= =∫ = ln tg  +  + C
π   π   π 2 4
sin  − x  sin  π −  − x   sin  x + 
2   2   2
x x  x
cos .d   d  tan 
dx dx 2 2 x
=∫ 
2
* I=∫ =∫ =∫ = ln tan + C
sin x x x x x x 2
2sin .cos sin .cos2 tan
2 2 2 2 2
sin x.dx −d ( cos x )
* I = ∫ tan x.dx = ∫ =∫ = − ln ( cos x )
cos x cos x

'
dx a −a. ( sin t ) dt −a.cos t.dt a
23 / I = ∫ set x = ⇒ dx = = t = arcsin
x2 − a2 sin t sin 2 t sin 2 t x
−a.cos t.dt 1 −a.cos t.dt 1 − cos t.dt sin t
⇒I=∫ . =∫ . =∫ .
sin 2 t a2 2 sin 2 t 1 − sin 2 t sin 2 t cos t
−a a
sin 2 t sin 2 t
dt t 1 a
= −∫ = − ln tg = − ln .arcsin
sin t 2 2 x

5
24 / Tinh ( calculate ) ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx − a ≤ x ≤ a
x
Dat x = a sin t ⇒ dx = a cos tdt ⇒ t = arcsin
a
Vay ( so ) : ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx = ∫ a 1 − sin 2 t.a cos tdt = a 2 ∫ cos 2 tdt
1 + cos 2t  t sin2t 
= a2 ∫ dt = a 2  + +C
2 2 4 

a2 x 2a 2 sin t.cos t a2 x a 2 sin t. 1 − sin 2 t

= arcsin + +C= arcsin + +C
2 a 4 2 a 2
x x2
a2 . 1−
a2 x a 2 2 2
a 2 + C = a arcsin x + x a − x + C
= arcsin +
2 a 2 2 a 2

 2 2 x.dx
25 / I = ∫ x 2 + a 2 dx dat u = x + a ⇒ du = , v=x
dv = dx 2 2
x +a
2 2 x 2 .dx 2 2 x2 + a2 − a2
⇒ I = x. x + a − ∫ = x. x + a − ∫ dx
2 2 2 2
x +a x +a
2 2 2 2 a 2 .dx
I = x. x + a − ∫ x + a dx + ∫ = x. x 2 + a 2 − I + a 2 .ln x + x 2 + a 2
x2 + a2
1 
⇒ 2I = x. x 2 + a 2 + a 2 .ln x + x 2 + a 2 ⇒ I =  x. x 2 + a 2 + a 2 .ln x + x 2 + a 2 
2 

du 1 d ( a.u + b ) ln a.u + b 1
26 / I = ∫ = ∫ = cho ( give ) u =
a.u + b a a.u + b a xn
−n.x n −1.dx − n.dx
⇒ du = =
x 2n x n +1
−n.dx
n +1 −n.dx 1 a
⇒I=∫ x =∫ = .ln +b
a n +1 a n
+b a.x + b.x x
n
x
dx 1 b
⇒∫ =− .ln +a
n +1 n.b n
a.x + b.x x

6
 du 1 du 1 1 u 1  a.u 
27 / I = ∫ = ∫ = . .arctg = .arctg  
a 2 .u 2 + b 2 a2 2 b
2
a2 b b ab  b 
u +  a a
a
1 −n.x n −1.dx − n.dx
cho u = ⇒ du = =
xn x 2n x n +1
−n.dx
x n +1 −n.x n −1.dx 1  a 
⇒I=∫ =∫ = .arctg  
a2 2 a 2 + x 2n .b2 ab  b.x n 
+b
2n
x
x n −1.dx −1  b 
⇒I=∫ = .arctg  
x 2n .a 2 + b 2 nab  a.x n 
dx
28 / I = ∫ ln x.dx dat ( set ) u = ln x, dv = dx ⇒ du = ,v=x
x
dx
⇒ I = ∫ ln x.dx = x.ln x − ∫ .x = x.ln x − x
x

( u.v ) ' = u.dv + v.du ⇒ ∫ u.dv = u.v − ∫ v.du

tích phan tung phan lan 2 ( get intergrate by parts second times ) :

Choose v = dy, x = du ⇒ ∫ v.du = ∫ x.dy = x.y − ∫ y.dx = du ∫ v − ∫ d 2 u ∫ v ( )

(
⇒ ∫ u.dv = u.v − ∫ v.du = u.v − du ∫ v − ∫ d 2 u ∫ v ( ))
 x 3  x 3 ln x x3
VD1 ( Example 1) : Calculate ∫ x 2 ln x.dx = ∫ ln x.d   = − ∫ .d ( ln x )
 3  3 3
 
x 3 ln x x 3 dx x3 ln x x 3
= −∫ . = − +C
3 3 x 3 9

dx x 2 ( n − 1) − 1
In = ∫ = + I
2 n −1
( x2 + a ) ( )
1/ 2 n 2 n 2 ( n − 1) a
2 ( n − 1) a 2 x 2 + a
Solution:

7
 '
1 / Calculate I n = ∫
dx
Dat u =
 2
⇒ du =  x + a 2 −n 1
 .dx ( )
(x 2 n
) ( )
n
2
+a x2 + a2  

( )
− n −1 −2n.x.dx
= −2n.x x 2 + a 2 .dx = , dv = dx,
(x 2
+a 2 n +1
)
x x 2 dx
In = + 2n ∫ ,
(x 2
+a 2 n
) (x 2
+a )
2 n +1

*∫
x 2 dx
=∫
( x 2 + a 2 ) − a 2 dx
=∫
dx
− a2 ∫
dx
= In − a 2 .In +1
( x2 + a2 ) ( x2 + a2 ) ( x2 + a2 ) ( x2 + a2 )
n +1 n + 1 n n +1

+ 2n ( In − a 2 .In +1 ) ⇒ 2n.a 2 .I n +1 =
x x
⇒ In = + ( 2n − 1) .In
( x2 + a2 ) ( x2 + a2 )
n n

dx x 2n − 1
In +1 = ∫ = + I
2 n
( 1)
( x2 + a ) 2 n +1
2n.a 2 x 2 + a( 2 n
) 2n.a

dx
1 x
Because I1 = ∫ = .arctg
( x2 + a2 a a
)
Nên (so) theo (follow) công thức (formula) truy hồi (1) có thể lần lượt (in turn) tính In
So following recurrence formula (1) we can be in turn calculate In

'
1 / Calculate I n −1 = ∫
dx
Dat u =
 2
⇒ du =  x + a 2 1− n  1
 .dx ( )
(x )
2 n −1
( )
n −1
2
+a x2 + a2  

−2x ( n − 1)
( )
−n
du = 2x ( 1 − n ) x 2 + a 2 = , dv = dx ⇒ v = x
(x 2
+a 2 n
)
x
+ 2 ( n − 1) ∫
x 2 dx x 2 dx 
=∫
(
 x 2 + a 2 − a 2  dx
 )
In −1 = , * ∫
(x )
2 n −1
(x )
2 n
( ) ( )
2 2 n n
+a +a x2 + a2 x2 + a2

dx a 2 .dx
=∫ −∫ = In −1 − a 2 .I n
( ) ( )
n −1 n
x2 + a2 x2 + a2

8
⇒ In −1 =
x
(
+ 2 ( n − 1) In −1 − a 2 .I n )
(x 2
+a )
2 n −1

x
⇒ 2 ( n − 1) a 2 .I n = +  2 ( n − 1) − 1 .In −1
( x2 + a ) 2 n

dx x 2 ( n − 1) − 1
⇒ In = ∫ = + .I n −1
(x 2
+a 2 n
) 2 ( n − 1) a 2
(x 2
+a 2 n
) 2 ( n − 1) a 2

* I1 = ∫
x2 + a2
dx
Dat ( set ) x = a.tgt ⇒ dx = a tg 2 t + 1 dt, t = arctg ( ) x
a

Vay ( so ) :
dx (
a tg 2 t + 1 dt ) 1 t 1 x
∫ x2 + a2 =∫ =
a∫
dt = = .arctg +C
(
a 2 tg 2 t + 1 ) a a a

+∞ i
1  xdx π
⇒ J1 = ∫ = . lim arctg  =
2 2 a i→+∞  a  0 2a
0 x +a

+∞
dx π ( 2n − 3) !!
* Jn = ∫ =
( ) 2a 2n −1. ( 2n − 2 ) !!
n
0 x2 + a2
Solution:
+∞
 
+∞
dx  x  2 ( n − 1) − 1  2n − 3  J n −1
* Jn = ∫ =  + J n −1 =  . 2
( ) 2 ( n − 1) a
( −
)
n n 2  2n 2  a
0 x2 + a2  2 ( n − 1) a 2 x 2 + a 2 
  0
J π 3J 3 1 π 5J 5 3 1 π
J2 = 1 = , J3 = 2 = . . , J4 = 3 = . . .
2 3 2 2 2 2a 2 2 2 2 2a
2a 4a 4a 4a 2a 6a 6a 4a 2a
+∞
dx ( 2n − 3) !! π π ( 2n − 3) !!
⇒ Jn = ∫ = . =
( ) a 2n −2 . ( 2n − 2 ) !! 2a 2a 2n −1. ( 2n − 2 ) !!
n
0 x2 + a2

+∞
m c.m 2n −1 dx π ( 2n − 3) !!
* lim ∑ = ∫ =
( 2 n
) ( ) 2a 2n +1. ( 2n − 2 ) !!
m→+∞ i =1 2 n
c→+∞ ( i.c ) + ( m.a ) 0 x2 + a2
Solution:

9
 1 c i.c
Put f ( x i ) = , x i ∈ [ 0,c] , ∆x = , x i =
( )
n m m
xi2 + a 2
m c.m 2n −1 m c.m 2n
⇒ In = lim ∑ = lim ∑
m →+∞ i =1
c→+∞ ( ( i.c) 2
+ ( m.a )
2 n
) m→+∞ i =1
c→+∞ m ( ( i.c) 2
+ ( m.a )
2 n
)
c m 1 c m 1
= lim ∑ = lim .∑
m m→+∞ i =1  n m→+∞ m i =1  n
( 2
i.c ) + ( m.a )
2   i.c 
2 
c→+∞   c→+∞   + a2 
 m2   m  
   
+∞
m dx π ( 2n − 3) !!
= lim ∑ f ( xi ) .∆x = ∫ =
( ) 2a 2n +1. ( 2n − 2 ) !!
m→+∞ i =0 n
0 x2 + a2

m m 2n −1. ( c − d ) +∞
dx π ( 2n − 3) !!
* lim ∑ =2 ∫ =
( ) ( ) a 2n +1. ( 2n − 2 ) !!
m→+∞ n n
i =1  m.d + i. c − d  2 + m.a 2 x2 + a2
c→+∞, d →−∞  ( ) ( ) 0

Solution:
1 c−d m.d + i. ( c − d )
Put f ( x i ) = , x i ∈ [ d, c] , ∆x = , x i = d + i.∆x =
( )
n m m
xi2 + a 2
m m 2n −1. ( c − d )
⇒ In = lim ∑
( )
m →+∞ n
i =1  m.d + i. c − d  2 + m.a 2
c→+∞, d →−∞  ( )  ( )
c−d m 1
= lim  ∑ n
m→+∞  m  i =1  2 2
c→+∞, d →−∞ 
 m.d + i. ( c − d ) ( ) 
 + m.a
 m2 
 

c−d m 1
= lim  ∑ n
m→+∞  m  i =1  2 
 m.d + i. ( c − d ) 
  +a
2
 m  
 
+∞ +∞
m dx dx π ( 2n − 3) !!
= lim ∑ f ( xi ) .∆x = ∫ =2 ∫ =
( ) ( ) a 2n +1. ( 2n − 2 ) !!
m→+∞ i =0 n n
−∞ x 2 + a 2 0 x2 + a2

10
* In = ∫
dx
( where 4ac − b2 > 0)
( ax 2 + bx + c)
n

2ax + b 2 ( n − 1) − 1
= + I n −1
( ax ) 2 ( n − 1) .a n +3
n
4 ( n − 1) .a 4 2
+ bx + c
Solution:
* In = ∫
dx
( where 4ac − b2 > 0)
( ax 2 + bx + c )
n

 2 bx c   b 
2
4ac − b2 
2
ax + bx + c = a  x + +  = ax +  + 
 a a  2a  4a 2 
 
2
Put u = x +
b
2a
2 4ac − b
⇒ dx = du, f =
4a 2
( if 4ac − b2 > 0)
1 du u 2n − 3
⇒ In = ∫ = + In
an
(u 2
+f )
2 n
2 ( n − 1) .a n+2
(u 2
+f )
2 n 2 ( n − 1) .a n + 2

 
 dx x 2 ( n − 1) − 1 
 n ∫
I = = + I
2 n −1 


2
x +a( 2 n
)
2 ( n − 1) a x + a
2 2 2 n 2 ( n − 1) a 
 ( )
2ax + b
dx 2a 2n − 3
⇒ In = ∫ = + I
n +2 n
( ax 2 + bx + c) ( ) 2 ( n − 1) .a
n n
2 ( n − 1) .a 2 ax 2 + bx + c
2ax + b 2n − 3
= + I
n +2 n
( ) 2 ( n − 1) .a
n
4 ( n − 1) .a 3 ax 2 + bx + c

+∞
 
+∞  
dx 2ax + b
⇒ Jn = ∫ =
n
( ) ( )
n
2
b ax + bx + c  4 ( n − 1) .a ax + bx + c 
3 2
−   − b
2a
2a
2 ( n − 1) − 1 +∞ ( 2n − 3) +∞
+
n+2
[ J n −1 ] − b/2a = [ J n −1 ] − b/2a
2 ( n − 1) .a ( 2n − 2 ) .a n + 2

11
* I1 = ∫
2
ax + bx + c
dx
( with 4ac − b2 > 0)
 2 bx c   b 
2
4ac − b 2 
2
ax + bx + c = a  x + +  = a  x +  + 
 a a  2a  4a 2 
 
4ac − b 2
Put u = x +
b
2a
⇒ dx = du, 2
f =
4a 2
( if 4ac − b2 > 0)
 
 x+ b 
du 1 u 1  2a 
⇒ I1 = ∫ = .arctan = .arctan 
2
a u +f 2
( a.f
) f
a
4ac − b2  4ac − b2




4a 2  4a 2 
 2ax + b 
 
2  2a 
= .arctan
 2 
4ac − b 2  4ac − b 
 2a 
dx 2  2ax + b 
I1 = ∫ = .arctan  
2
ax + bx + c 2  2 
4ac − b  4ac − b 

+∞
+∞
dx   2ax + b 2  2 π
⇒ I1 = ∫ = .  arctan   = .
2  
− b/2a ax + bx + c 4ac − b2   4ac − b
2
  − b/2a 4ac − b2 2
+∞
dx ( 2n − 3) +∞
In = ∫ = [ J n −1 ] − b/2a
( ) ( 2n − 2 ) .a n + 2
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

1 π 3 1 π 5 3 1 π
⇒ I2 = . , I3 = . . , I4 = . . .
2.a 4 4ac − b 2 4a 5 2.a 4 4ac − b 2 6a 6 4a 5 2.a 4 4ac − b2
+∞
( 2n − 3) !!
* ∫
dx
=
( n +2) !
.
2 π
. ( with 4ac − b2 > 0)
( )
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c 4ac − b 2 2
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!
Solution:

12
 +∞
⇒ I1 = ∫ 2
dx
( with 4ac − b2 > 0)
− b/2a ax + bx + c
i
2   2ax + b  2 π
= . lim arctan   = .
 
4ac − b 2 i→+∞   4ac − b
2
  − b/2a 4ac − b 2 2
+∞
dx
⇒ In = ∫
( )
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

i
 
 2ax + b  2 ( n − 1) − 1 +∞
= lim   + [ I n −1 ] b
( )
n+2
4 ( n − 1) .a 3 ax 2 + bx + c  b 2 ( n − 1) .a
i →+∞  n
−
  − 2a
2a
2n − 3 +∞ I 1 2 π 3I I 3
=
n+2
[ In −1 ] b , I2 = 1 = . . , I3 = 2 = 1 .
( 2n − 2 ) .a −
2a
2a 4 2a 4 4ac − b2 2 4.a 5 2a 4 4a 5

+∞
dx ( 2n − 3) !! 2 π
⇒ In = ∫ =
( n +2) !
. .
( )
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c 4ac − b 2 2
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!

Put f ( x i ) =
1
( with 4ac − b2 > 0) , xi ∈ − 2ab , f  , ∆x = 2a.f2a.m+ b ,
( )
n
ax i 2 + bx i + c
b b 2a.f + b −m.b + 2a.f + b
xi = − + i.∆x = − + =
2a 2a 2a.m 2a.m
m 2a.f + b 
h 
⇒ In = lim
m →+∞
∑ n  Tách h =
 2a.m 

i =1   2ah − b  2  2ah − b  
h →+∞ a
  + b   + c 
    
2a 2a


m 1  2a.f + b 
= lim
m→+∞
∑ n  2a.m 
i =1   − m.b + 2a.f + b 2  −m.b + 2a.f + b  
f →+∞ a
   + b  + c 

2a.m   2a.m  
+∞
m dx ( 2n − 3) !! 2 π
= lim ∑ f ( xi ) .∆x = ∫ =
( n +2) !
. .
( )
n
m→+∞ i =1 − b/2a ax 2 + bx + c 4ac − b 2 2
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!

13
 +∞
dx 3!! 2 π 3 2 π
⇒ I3 = ∫ = . . = . .
( )
3 5! 20
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c 4ac − b2 2 8.a 4ac − b2 2
4!!.a 3!

+∞
x 2m .dx π ( 2n − 3) !! ( 4c ) m ( 2m + 1) !! ( n − 1) !
* ∫ =
( n +2) !
. .
( n + m − 1) !
( ) ( ) . ( 4ac − b2 )
n+m m
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c 2m. 4ac − b2
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!

( with 4ac − b2 > 0)

Solution:
+∞
( 2n − 3) !!
I( a) = ∫
dx
=
( n +2) !
.
2 π
. ( with 4ac − b2 > 0)
( )
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c 4ac − b 2 2
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!

'
 +∞  +∞
( ) ( ) ( )
−n ' − n −1
⇒ I ( a ) =  ∫ ax + bx + c
' 2
.dx  = − n ∫ ax 2 + bx + c . ax 2 + bx + c .dx
 −b/2a  − b/2a
a
a

+∞
 −n ' − n −1  x 2 .dx
  u ( a )  = − n.u ( a ) .u ( a )
'
 = −n ∫
 
( )
n +1
 a  − b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

'
( 2n − 3) !! π  2 
= . . 
( n + 2 ) ! 2  4ac − b 2 
 a
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!

 1 
( 2n − 3) !!
( ) ( )
π   −1  ' − −1
= . 2.   4ac − b2 . 4ac − b 2 2 
( n +2) ! 2   2  a 
 
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!

( 2n − 3) !! π ( −1) 4c
= . .
( n +2) ! 2 3
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3! ( 4ac − b 2 2
)

14
 '
 
 +∞ 2
x .dx  +∞
x 2.2 .dx
2
I ( a ) = −n ∫
''   = ( −1) n ( n + 1) ∫
( ) ( )
 b 2 n +1  n +2
ax + bx + c b ax 2 + bx + c
−  −
 2a a 2a
'
   
( 2n − 3) !!

π  ( −1) 4c 

( 2n − 3) !! π 
( ) 
− 1 4c
 3

− 
2
. 4ac − b 2 '
a
 ( )
= . . = . .
( n +2) ! 2  3 ( n +2) ! 2  3 
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!  4ac − b 2 

2
(
 a ( )
2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!


2
4ac − b 2 
 ( )
23
( −1) 4c   
( 2n − 3) !! π 2
= . .
( n +2) ! 2 5
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3! 4ac − b 22
( )
( m) ( −1) ( n + m − 1) ! +∞
m
x 2m .dx
⇒  I ( a )  = ∫ 2
( n − 1) !
( )
n+m
b ax + bx + c
−
2a
m ( 2m + 1) !!
( −1) 4c 
( 2n − 3) !! π m −1
2
= . .
( n +2) ! 2
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3! ( 4ac − b ) . ( 4ac − b2 )
2 m

+∞
x 2m .dx
⇒ ∫
( )
n +m
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

( 2n − 3) !! π ( 4c ) m ( 2m + 1) !! ( n − 1) !
= . . .
( n +2) ! 2
( ) . ( 4ac − b2 ) .2m−1 ( n + m − 1) !
m
4ac − b 2
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!

π ( 2n − 3) !! ( 4c ) m .( 2m + 1) !! ( n − 1) !
= . .
( n +2) ! ( n + m − 1) !
( ) . ( 4ac − b2 )
m
2m. 4ac − b2
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!

+∞
π. ( 2n − 3) !!
* ∫
x
.dx =
( n +2) !
.
−2b
( with 4ac − b2 > 0)
( )
n +1 3
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c
2n!!.a 3! ( 4ac − b2 2 )
Solution:

15
 +∞
( 2n − 3) !!
I ( b) = ∫
dx
=
( n +2) !
.
2 π
. ( with 4ac − b2 > 0)
( )
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c 4ac − b2 2
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!

'
 +∞  +∞
( ) ( ) ( )
−n ' − n −1
⇒ I ( b ) =  ∫ ax + bx + c
' 2
.dx  = −n ∫ ax 2 + bx + c . ax 2 + bx + c .dx
 − b/2a  − b/2a
b
b

+∞ '
x π. ( 2n − 3) !!  2 
= −n ∫ .dx = .
( n + 2 ) !  4ac − b 2

( )
n +1 
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c  b
2 ( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!
 1 
( 2n − 3) !!
( ) ( )
π  1 ' − −1
= . 2  −  . 4ac − b 2 . 4ac − b2 2 
( n +2) ! 2   2  b 
 
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!

 1
2  −  ( −2b )
π. ( 2n − 3) !!
. 
2
=
( n +2) ! 3
2 ( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3! ( 4ac − b 2 2 )
+∞
x π. ( 2n − 3) !! −2b
⇒ ∫ .dx =
( n +2) !
.
( )
n +1 3
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c
2n ( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3! ( 4ac − b )
2 2

π. ( 2n − 3) !! −2b
= .
( n +2) ! 3
2n!!.a 3! ( 4ac − b 2 2
)
+∞
dx π. ( 2n − 3) !! ( 2m + 1) !!( 4a ) m ( n − 1) !
* ∫ =
( n +2) !
. .
( n + m − 1) !
( )
n+m 2m +1
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c
2m ( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3! ( 4ac − b ) 2 2

( with 4ac − b2 > 0)

Solution:

16
 +∞
( 2n − 3) !!
I ( c) = ∫
dx
=
( n +2) !
.
π
( with 4ac − b2 > 0)
( )
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c 4ac − b2
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!

'
 +∞  +∞
( ) ( ) ( )
−n ' − n −1
⇒ I ( c ) =  ∫ ax + bx + c
' 2
.dx  = −n ∫ ax 2 + bx + c . ax 2 + bx + c .dx
 − b/2a  − b/2a
c
c

+∞ '
dx π. ( 2n − 3) !!  2 
= −n ∫ = .
( n + 2 ) !  4ac − b2

( )
n +1 
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c  c
2 ( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!
 1 
( 2n − 3) !!
( ) ( )
π  1 ' − −1
= . 2  −  . 4ac − b 2 . 4ac − b 2 2 
( n +2) ! 2   2  c 
 
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!

 1
2  −  ( 4a )
π. ( 2n − 3) !!
. 
2
=
( n +2) ! 3
2 ( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3! ( 4ac − b 2 2 )
'
 
 +∞
dx  +∞
( 2
−1) n ( n + 1) dx
I ( c ) = −n  ∫
''  = ∫
( ) ( )
 b 2 n +1  2 n +1
− ax + bx + c  −
b ax + bx + c
 2a c 2a
'
  1 
 2  −  ( 4a ) 
π. ( 2n − 3) !!
. 
2 
=
( n +2) !  3

2 ( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3!  4ac − b 2 

2 
c( )

17
 +∞
( m) = ( −1) m n ( n + 1) ( n + 2 ) ...( n + m − 1) dx
⇒  I ( c )  ∫
( )
n+m
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

( −1) m ( n + m − 1) ! +∞ dx
=
( n − 1) ! ∫
( )
n+m
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

2 ( ( −1) 4a )
m
.
( 2m + 1) !!
π. ( 2n − 3) !! 2m
= .
( n +2) ! 2m +1
2 ( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3! ( 4ac − b 2 2 )
+∞
dx π. ( 2n − 3) !! ( 2m + 1) !!( 4a ) m ( n − 1) !
⇒ ∫ =
( n +2) !
. .
( n + m − 1) !
( )
n+m 2m +1
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c
2 m
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3! ( 4ac − b 2 2 )
+∞
dx π. ( 2n − 3) !! ( 2.0 + 1) !!( 4a ) 0 ( n − 1) !
⇒ when m = 0 : ∫ =
( n +2) !
. .
( n + 0 − 1) !
( )
n 2.0+1
−
b ax 2 + bx + c
2a 2 0
( 2n − 2 ) !!.a 3! ( 4ac − b )2 2

π. ( 2n − 3) !! 1
= .

( 2n − 2 ) !!.a
( n +2) !
3! ( 4ac − b2 )
+∞ +∞
x 2m xm
* ∫ dx = ∫ dx = 0 ( with b2 − 4ac > 0)
( ) ( )
n+m n+m
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c − b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

 
dx  x ( 2 ( n − 1) − 1)I 
* In = ∫ = − +
2 n −1 
( ) ( )
n −1
2
x −a 2 n  2 ( n − 1) a x − a
2 2 2 2 ( n − 1) a 
 
Solution:
dx 1
* In = ∫ Dat v = , du = dx
(x 2
−a )
2 n
(x 2
−a )
2 n

'
 2
− x − a

2 n
(
 dx −2nx x 2 − a 2

n −1
)dx −2nxdx ( )
⇒ dv = = = , u=x
2
x −a 2 2n
( 2
x −a 2 2n
) 2
x −a 2 n +1
( ) ( )
18
 dx x x 2 dx
So : I n = ∫ = + 2n ∫
) ( ( ) ( )
n n n +1
x2 − a2 x2 − a2 x2 − a2

2 ( ( x 2 − a 2 ) + a 2 ) dx
x dx dx dx
∫ 2 2 n +1 = ∫ =∫ + a2 ∫ = In + a 2 .In +1
( x − a ) ( x 2
− a )
2 n +1
( x 2
− a )
2 n
( x 2
− a )
2 n +1

⇒ In =
x
(
+ 2n I n + a 2 .I n +1 ⇒ 2n.a 2 .I n +1 = −
x
)
− ( 2n − 1) I n
( 2
x −a 2 n
) 2
x −a 2 n
( )
x ( 2n − 1) In
⇒ In +1 = − −
( )
n
2n.a 2 x 2 − a 2 2n.a 2

⇒ In = ∫
dx
=−
x
−
( 2 ( n − 1) − 1) In −1
( ) ( )
n −1
x2 − a2
n
2 ( n − 1) .a 2 x 2 − a 2 2 ( n − 1) .a 2

+∞
 
+∞
⇒ ∫
dx 
= −
x
+
( 2 ( n − 1) − 1) In −1 

( ) ( )
n −1
2
0 x −a 2 n
 2 ( n − 1) .a x − a
2 2 2 2 ( n − 1) .a 2

  0
− ( 2 ( n − 1) − 1)
= [ In −1 ] 0+∞
2 ( n − 1) .a 2

dx 1 a+x 1 a−x
I1 = ∫ =− ln = ln
( x2 − a2 ) 2a a − x 2a a + x

   
dx  x ( 2 − 1)   x 1 a−x 
⇒ I2 = ∫ = − + I1  = −  + ln
( x2 − a2
2
)
 2a 2 x 2 − a 2

2a 2 
 (
 2a 2 x 2 − a 2
 )
4a 3 a + x ( ) 


+∞ k
1  a−x
dx  ln1 − ln1
⇒ J1 = ∫ = lim ln = =0
2
0 x −a
2
(
2a k →+∞  a + x
) 
0 2a

19
 +∞
m c.m 2n +1 dx
* lim ∑ = ∫ =0
m→+∞
c→+∞
i =1
( ( i.c) 2
− ( m.a ) )
2 n +1 0 (x 2
−a )
2 n +1

+∞
 
+∞
dx  x ( 2n − 1) 
J n +1 = ∫ = − + In  =0
( ) ( )
n +1 n 2
0 x2 − a2  2na 2 x 2 − a 2 2na 
 0
1 c i.c
Put f ( x i ) = , x i ∈ [ 0, c] , ∆x = , x i =
( )
n +1 m m
xi2 − a 2

m c.m 2n +1 c m m 2n + 2
⇒ In +1 = lim ∑ = lim ∑
( )
2 n +1 m→+∞ m i =1
( )
m →+∞ i =1 n +1
c→+∞ ( i.c ) 2 − ( m.a ) c→+∞ ( i.c ) 2 − ( m.a ) 2
c m 1
= lim ∑
m→+∞ m i =1  2 2 n +1
c→+∞ 
( ) ( ) 
i.c − m.a
 m2 
 
+∞
c m 1 m dx
= lim ∑ = lim ∑ f ( x i ) .∆x = ∫ =0
( )
m→+∞ m i =1  n +1 m →+∞ n +1
 i.c 
2  i =1 0 x2 − a2
c→+∞   − a  2
 m  
 

+∞
( ) ( )
m −n
 ln x 2 − a 2  x2 − a2
* ∫  
.dx = 0
0
Solution:
+∞ '
 +∞ 
( ) ( ) ( )
dx −n  −x ' 
= ( − x ) .ln a. a − x 
'
I( n) = ∫ = 0 ⇒ I ( n ) =  ∫ x2 − a2
'
.dx   a
( )
n  0 
0 x2 − a2  
n

+∞
= − ∫ ln ( x − a ) ( x − a ) .dx = 0,
 2 2  2 2 −n
 
0
+∞
( ) ( )
2 −n
I ( n ) = ( −1) .
'' 2 ln x 2 − a 2  x2 − a2
∫  
.dx = 0
0

20
 +∞
( ) ( )
m −n
I( ) = ( −1) ln x 2 − a 2 
m m
∫ x2 − a2 .dx = 0
 
0
+∞
( ) ( )
m −n
 ln x 2 − a 2  x2 − a2
⇒ ∫  
.dx = 0
0

( )
−n
n n  +∞  +∞ x 2 − a 2 .dx
∫ I ( n ) .dn = ∫  ∫ (x 2
−a 2 −n
) .dx  .dn = − ∫ =0
0 0 0

 0 (
ln x − a2 2
)
 
 
* In = ∫
dx
( with b2 − 4ac > 0) = −
2ax + b
+
2n − 1
In 
( ) ( )
2n.a n +3 
n n
ax 2 + bx + c  4n.a 4 ax 2 + bx + c
 
Solution:
* In = ∫
dx
( with b2 − 4ac > 0)
( ax 2 + bx + c)
n

 2 bx c   b 
2
b 2 − 4ac 
2
change : ax + bx + c = a  x + +  = a  x +  − 
   2 
 
a a 2a 4a 
2
Put : u = x +
b
2a
⇒ dx = du, f =2 b − 4ac
4a 2
if b 2 − 4ac > 0 ( )
 
1 du  u 2n − 1 
⇒ In +1 = ∫ = −  + I
n +3 n 
a n +1 u 2 − f 2 n +1
( ) ( )
n
 2n.a n + 3 2
u −f 2 2n.a 
 

 2ax + b 
dx  2a 2n − 1 
⇒ In +1 = ∫ = − + In 
( ) ( )
n +1
ax 2 + bx + c  2n.a 3 ax 2 + bx + c
n
2n.a n +3 
 
 
 2ax + b 2n − 1 
= − + In 
( 2n.a n +3 
)
n
 4n.a 4 ax 2 + bx + c
 

21
* I1 = ∫
dx
( with b2 − 4ac > 0)
( ax 2 + bx + c)
 2 bx c   b 
2
b 2 − 4ac 
2
change : ax + bx + c = a  x + +  = a  x +  − 
 a a  2a  4a 2 
 
b
Put : u = x + ⇒ dx = du,
2a
b 2 − 4ac
2
f = ( if b2 − 4ac > 0) ⇒ I1 = ∫ a u 2du− f 2 = 2a.f1 ln uu +− ff
4a 2 ( )
2ax + b b 2 − 4ac
−
I1 = ∫
dx
=
1
.ln
2a 4a 2
( ax 2 + bx + c
2a
b 2 − 4ac ) 2ax + b
+
b2 − 4ac
4a 2 2a 4a 2

1 2ax + b − b 2 − 4ac
= .ln
2
b − 4ac 2ax + b + b 2 − 4ac

+∞
dx 1 2a.k + b − b2 − 4ac
J1 = ∫ = lim ln =0
(
− b/2a ax + bx + c
2
) b − 4ac k →+∞
2 2
2a.k + b + b − 4ac

( with b2 − 4ac > 0)

( )
n +1
m h. 4a.m 2 +∞
dx
* lim ∑ = ∫ =0
( ( −m.b + h ) ) ( )
m→+∞ 2 n +1 2 n +1
h →+∞
i =1 2a.m + 2m.b ( − m.b + h ) + 4a.m 2 .c −
b ax + bx + c
2a

( with 4ac − b2 < 0)

Solution:
k
+∞  
dx 1  2ax + b − b 2 − 4ac 
⇒ J1 = ∫ = lim ln =0
− b/2a ax 2
+ bx + c (
2
b − 4ac k →+∞
 )
 2ax + b + b2 − 4ac 
 − b/2a

22
 k
 
+∞  
dx 2ax + b 2n − 1
J n +1 = ∫ = − lim  + In 
( ) ( )
n +1
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c
k →+∞  4 2
 4n.a ax + bx + c
n
2n.a n +3 
 − b/2a
 2n − 1  k
= − lim   [ I n ] − b/2a = 0,
k →+∞  2n.a n +3 
1  b  2a.k + b
Put f ( x i ) = , x i ∈  − , k  , ∆x = ,
( )
2 n +1  2a  2a.m
ax i + bx i + c
b b 2a.k + b −m.b + 2a.k + b
xi = − + i.∆x = − + =
2a 2a 2a.m 2a.m

( )
n +1
m h. 4a.m 2
⇒ lim In +1 = lim ∑
( )
m→+∞ m →+∞ i =1 2 n +1
h →+∞ h →+∞ 2a.m ( −m.b + h ) + 2m.b ( −m.b + h ) + 4a.m 2 .c
h m 1
= lim ∑
m→+∞ 2a.m i =1  n +1
2 2 
h →+∞ 
( − m.b + h ) + 2m.b ( − m.b + h ) + 4a.m .c

 4a.m 2 
 
h m 1
= lim ∑
m→+∞ 2a.m i =1  2 2 n +1
h →+∞ a ( −m.b + h ) + 2a.m.b ( −m.b + h ) + 4 ( a.m ) .c
 
 4 ( a.m )
2 
 

h m 1
lim I n +1 = lim ∑ n +1
( Put h = 2a.k + b )
m→+∞ m→+∞ 2a.m i =1  2 
h →+∞ h →+∞  −m.b + h   −m.b + h 
a  + b  + c
  2a.m   2a.m  
 
2a.k + b
m
2a.m
= lim ∑
m→+∞ i =1  n +1
 −m.b + 2a.k + b 
2
 −m.b + 2a.k + b  
k →+∞ a
  + b  + c 
    
2a.m 2a.m


23
 ( )
n +1
m h. 4a.m 2
⇒ lim In +1 = lim ∑
( ( −m.b + h ) )
m→+∞ m →+∞ 2 n +1
h →+∞ h →+∞
i =1 2a.m + 2m.b ( −m.b + h ) + 4a.m .c 2

m +∞
dx
= lim ∑ f ( xi ) .∆x = ∫ =0
( )
m→+∞ n +1
i =1 b ax 2 + bx + c
−
2a

+∞ ln m ax 2 + bx + c ( ) dx = 0
* ∫ ( with b2 − 4ac > 0)
( )
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c
Solution:
+∞
I( n) = ∫
dx
=0 ( with b2 − 4ac > 0)
( )
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

'
 +∞ 
( ) ( ) ( )
−n  −x ' 
= ( − x ) .ln a. a − x 
'
⇒ I ( n ) =  ∫ ax 2 + bx + c
'
dx   a
 − b/2a   
n
+∞ (
+∞ ln ax 2 + bx + c ) dx = 0
( ) ( )
2 −n 2
=− ∫ ax + bx + c .ln ax + bx + c dx = − ∫
( )
n
− b/2a − b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

I'' ( n ) = ( −1)
2 (
+∞ ln 2 ax 2 + bx + c ) dx = 0,
∫
( )
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

 I ( n ) 
( m) = ( −1)
m
+∞ ln m ax 2 + bx + c ( ) dx = 0
∫
( )
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

+∞ ln m ( ax 2 + bx + c )
⇒ ∫ dx = 0
− b/2a ( ax + bx + c )
2 n

+∞ +∞
x 2m xm
* ∫ dx = ∫ dx = 0 ( with b2 − 4ac > 0)
( ) ( )
n+m n+m
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c − b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

Solution:

24
 +∞
I( a) = ∫
dx
=0 ( with b2 − 4ac > 0)
( )
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

'
 +∞ 
( )
−n
⇒ I ( a ) =  ∫ ax + bx + c
' 2
dx 
 −b/2a 
a
 +∞
− n −1 
−n '
( )
− n −1
   ( )   ( )  ( ) ( )
' ' 2 2

 u a 

= − n.u a .  u a   , I a = − n ∫ x . ax + bx + c dx = 0,
  − b/2a

+∞
( )
2 −n −2
I ( a ) = ( −1) .n ( n + 1)
''
∫ x 2.2 . ax 2 + bx + c dx = 0
− b/2a

( −1) m . ( n + m − 1) ! +∞ 2m 2
( )
( m) −n −m
 I ( a )  = ∫ x . ax + bx + c dx = 0
( n − 1) ! − b/2a
+∞
x 2m
⇒ ∫ dx = 0
( )
2 n+m
− b/2a ax + bx + c

+∞
I ( b) = ∫
dx
=0 ( with b2 − 4ac > 0)
( )
n
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

'
 +∞ 
( )
−n
⇒ I ( b) =
'  ∫
2
ax + bx + c dx 
 − b/2a 
b
 +∞
− n −1 
−n '
( )
− n −1
   u ( b )   = −n.u ( b ) .  u ( a )   , I ( a ) = −n ∫ x. ax + bx + c
' ' 2
dx = 0,
    − b/2a
+∞
( )
2 −n −2
I ( a ) = ( −1) .n ( n + 1)
''
∫ x 2 . ax 2 + bx + c dx = 0
− b/2a

( −1) m . ( n + m − 1) ! +∞ m 2
( )
( m) −n −m
 I ( a )  = ∫ x . ax + bx + c dx = 0
( n − 1) ! − b/2a
+∞
xm
⇒ ∫ dx = 0
( )
n+m
− b/2a ax 2 + bx + c

25
*/ I = ∫
mx + n
2
ax + bx + c
dx ( with 4ac − b2 > 0)
=
(
m.ln ax 2 + bx + c ) +  2an − mb   2ax + b
 .arctg 


2a  2   2 
 a 4ac − b   4ac − b 
Solution:
2 / Evaluate ∫
mx + n
2
ax + bx + c
dx ( with 4ac − b2 > 0)
 2 bx c   b 
2
4ac − b 2 
2
Change : ax + bx + c = a  x + +  = a  x +  + 
   2 
 
a a 2a 4a 
4ac − b2
b
Set : u = x + ,
2a 4a
2
f =
2 ( if 4ac − b2 > 0)
 b 
mu −  + n
mx + n 1 m 2udu 1 m.b  du
dx = ∫ 
2a 
⇒∫
2a ∫ u 2 + f 2 a  2a  ∫ u 2 + f 2
du = +  n − 
ax 2 + bx + c a u2 + f 2

m d u +f
2
( 2
1 )
m.b  1
2
u m.ln u + f
2
1  m.b  (u )
2a ∫ u 2 + f 2
= +  n −  arctg = +  n −  arctg
a 2a  f f 2a a.f  2a  f

⇒I=∫
mx + n
dx =
(
m.ln u 2 + f 2 ) + 1  n − m.b  arctg u
 
ax 2 + bx + c 2a a.f  2a  f
 ax 2 + bx + c   
m.ln    b 
 a  x +
 + 1  2an − mb 
=   arctg  2a 
 
2a a 4ac − b2  2a 
 4ac − b
2

2a  2a 

=
(
m.ln ax 2 + bx + c − m.ln a )  2an − mb
+
  2ax + b
 .arctg 

+C
2a  2   2 
 a 4ac − b   4ac − b 

⇒I=∫
mx + n
dx =
(
m.ln ax 2 + bx + c ) +  2an − mb   2ax + b
 .arctg 

+C
ax 2 + bx + c 2a  2   2 
 a 4ac − b   4ac − b 
 m.ln a 
 Because − là hang so 
 2a 

26
 mx + n −m ( 2a.n − m.b ) .dx
*/ I n = ∫ dx = +∫
( ) ( ) ( )
q q −1 q
ax 2 + bx + c 2a. ( q − 1) ax 2 + bx + c 2a. ax 2 + bx + c

( with 4ac − b2 > 0)

Solution:
mx + n b 2 4ac − b 2
I=∫ dx, u = x + , f =
( )
q
2
ax + bx + c
2a 4a 2

q
  2
4ac − b 2  
( ) ( with 4ac − b2 > 0) ,
q b 
⇒ ax 2 + bx + c 
= a  x +  + 
  2a  4a 2  
 

 b 
m u −  + n
1  2a  m 2udu 1  m.b  du
I= ∫ du = ∫ +  n−
2a  ∫

aq
( ) ( ) ( )
q
u2 + f 2 2a q u2 + f 2
q
aq  u2 + f 2
q

m (
d u2 + f 2 ) + 1  2a.n − m.b  du
= ∫  ∫
2a q
( ) ( )
q
u2 + f 2 aq  2a 
u2 + f 2
q

( )
−q +1
m u2 + f 2  2a.n − m.b  du
= . +  ∫
2a q 1− q  2a q +1  u 2 + f 2 q
( )
−m  2a.n − m.b 
1 dx
=
2a q
.
q −1
+  ∫
 2a q +1   ax 2 + bx + c q
 ax 2 + bx + c 
( q − 1)  





 a   a 
−m a q −1
 2a.n − m.b  a q .dx
= . + ∫
( ) ( )
−
q
2a ( q − 1) ax 2 + bx + c q 1
 2a q +1  ax 2 + bx + c q

−m ( 2a.n − m.b ) .dx

= +∫
( ) ( )
q −1 q
2a. ( q − 1) ax + bx + c 2
2a. ax + bx + c 2

27
*I=∫
mx + n
2
ax + bx + c
dx ( with 4ac − b2 < 0)
=
(
m.ln ax 2 + bx + c ) +  2a.n − m.b 
 .ln
2ax + b − b 2 − 4ac
2a  2 
 2a b − 4ac  2ax + b + b 2 − 4ac
Solution:
2 / Calculate I = ∫
mx + n
2
ax + bx + c
dx ( with 4ac − b2 < 0)
 2 bx c   b 
2
b 2 − 4ac 
2
Change : ax + bx + c = a  x + +  = a  x +  − 
 a a  2a  4a 2 
 
b2 − 4ac
b
Set : u = x + ,
2a 4a 2
2
f = ( if b2 − 4ac > 0)
 b 
mu −  + n
mx + n 1 m 2udu 1 m.b  du
dx = ∫ 
2a 
⇒∫ du = ∫ + n −  ∫
ax 2 + bx + c a u2 − f 2 2a u 2 − f 2 a  2a  u 2 − f 2

m d u −f
2
( 2
1 )
m.b  1
2
u − f m.ln u − f
2
( )
2a ∫ u 2 − f 2
= + n −  .ln =
a 2a  2f u+f 2a

2ax + b b2 − 4ac
−
+
1  2a.n − m.b 
.ln
2a 4a 2
 
2
b − 4ac  2a  2ax + b b2 − 4ac
2a. +
4a 2 2a 4a 2

 ax 2 + bx + c 
m.ln  
mx + n  a 
I=∫ dx =  
2 2a
ax + bx + c
1  2a.n − m.b  2ax + b − b2 − 4ac
+   .ln +C
2
b − 4ac  2a  2
2ax + b + b − 4ac

28
I=
(
m.ln ax 2 + bx + c ) − m.ln a +  2a.n − m.b 
 .ln
2ax + b − b2 − 4ac
+C
2a 2a  2  2
 2a b − 4ac  2ax + b + b − 4ac

=
(
m.ln ax 2 + bx + c ) +  2a.n − m.b 
 .ln
2ax + b − b 2 − 4ac
+C
2a  2  2
 2a b − 4ac  2ax + b + b − 4ac
 m.ln a 
 Because − là hang so 
 2a 

+∞ q −2
( mx + n ) .dx 2. ( 4a )
* ∫ =
.m
( with b2 − 4ac > 0, q ≠ 1)
( ) ( q − 1) ( 4ac − b2 )
q q −1
b ax 2 + bx + c
−
2a
Solution:
( mx + n ) .dx
I=∫ ( with b2 − 4ac > 0, q ≠ 1)
( )
q
ax 2 + bx + c

−m ( 2a.n − m.b ) .dx

= +∫ ,
( ) ( )
q −1 q
2a. ( q − 1) ax 2 + bx + c 2a. ax 2 + bx + c
+∞
( 2a.n − m.b ) .dx
∫ ∫ =0 ( with b2 − 4ac > 0)
( )
q
−
b 2a. ax 2 + bx + c
2a

+∞
 
 
+∞  
( mx + n ) .dx  −m 
⇒ ∫ =
q  q −1 
−
2a
(
b ax 2 + bx + c   
) b 
2
 2a. ( q − 1)  a   x + 2a  +
4ac − b 2 



   2 
   4a   − b
2a
q −2 q −2
m 4a. ( 4a ) .m 2. ( 4a ) .m
= = =
( ) ( q − 1) ( 4ac − b2 )
q −1 q −1 q −1
 4ac − b2  2a. ( q − 1) 4ac − b 2
2a. ( q − 1)  
 4a 
 

29
 P( x)
Hàm hữu tỉ (rational function) là tỉ số (ratio) 2 đa thức (polynomial) nếu bậc (order) của
Q( x)
P( x) P ( x)
P(x) > (greater than) order of Q(x) suy ra (derive) = H( x) + 1 trong đó (where) bậc
Q( x) Q( x)
của P1(x) nhỏ hơn (less than) order of Q(x)
P( x)
Rational function is ratio of two polynomial if order of P(x) is greater than order of
Q( x)
P( x) P ( x)
Q(x), we can derive = H( x) + 1 where order of P1(x) is less than degree of Q(x)
Q( x) Q( x)

P( x)
Rational fraction , where order of P(x) is less than order of Q(x), is called standard
Q( x)
rational fraction.
P( x)
Phân thức hữu tỉ (rational fraction) and bậc của P(x) < bậc của Q(x) gọi là phân thức hữu
Q( x)
tỉ đúng

Giả sử (suppose) Q(x) khai triển được thành (can be expanded to) tích (product) các thừa số
(factors) bậc nhất (first order) và bậc 2 (quadratic factors) vô nghiệm:
Suppose that Q(x) can be expanded to product of first order factors and non-solution quadratic
factors.
k P( x) A1 A2 Ak
Q ( x ) = ao ( x − a ) ⇒ = + + ...
Q( x) ( x − a) ( x − a) 2 ( x − a) k
( ) ( p2 − 4q < 0)
k
Q ( x ) = a o x 2 + px + q

P( x) M1x + N1 M2x + N2 Mk x + Nk
⇒ = + + ...
Q( x)
( x 2 + px + q ) ( x 2 + px + q ) 2 ( x 2 + px + q ) k
2 P( x) A1 A2 A3 A4
Q ( x ) = ao ( x − a ) ( x − b) 2 ⇒ = + + +
Q( x) ( x − a ) ( x − a ) 2 ( x − b) ( x − b) 2
P( x)
(
Q ( x ) = a o ( x − a ) x 2 + px + q ⇒ ) =
A
+
Mx + N
Q( x)
(
( x − a ) x 2 + px + q )
Để tính các hệ số A1 ,...A k , M1 ,...M k ta quy đồng mẫu số ở vế phải sau đó cân bằng hệ số x ở 2
vế, ta được 1 hệ pt mà ẩn là các hệ số cần tìm. Đó là nội dung của phương pháp hệ số bất định.

30
 ( x + 2) 2
VD1: Khai trien vào dang tong các phân thuc toi gian
2
x ( x − 1)

( x + 2) 2 A B C
= + + Qui dong mau so, ta dc :
x ( x − 1)
2 x x − 1 ( x − 1) 2
2
x 2 + 4x + 4 = A ( x − 1) + Bx ( x − 1) + Cx ( 1)
 A + B = −1

Cân bang he so 2 ve, ta dc he pt : −2A − B + C = 4 ⇒ A = 4, B = −3, C = 9
A = 4


( x + 2) 2 4 −3 9
So : = + +
x ( x − 1)
2 x x − 1 ( x − 1) 2

( x + 2 ) 2 dx 4dx 3dx 9dx 9

∫ 2
=∫ −∫
x −1
+∫ = 4 ln x − 3ln x − 1 +
x −1
+C
x ( x − 1) x ( x − 1) 2
Các hệ số A, B, C có thể tìm được bằng cách sau: trong (1) cho x = 1 ta được C = 9,
cho x = 0 ta được A = 4, cho x = 2, ta dc A + 2B + 2C = 16 ⇒ B = −3 .
The cofficient A, B, C can be found by following way: in (1) regarding x = 1, we get C = 9, and
regarding x = 0, we get A = 4, and regarding x = 2, we get A + 2B + 2C = 16 => B = – 3.

(
VD2 : x 5 − x 2 = x 2 ( x − 1) x 2 + x + 1 ⇒
1
)
A B
= + +
C
+
Dx + E
x 5 − x 2 x x 2 ( x − 1) x2 + x + 1 ( )
( )
⇒ 1 = Ax ( x − 1) x 2 + x + 1 + B ( x − 1) x 2 + x + 1 ( )
( )
+Cx 2 x 2 + x + 1 + ( Dx + E ) x 2 ( x − 1) ( 1)
1
Cho x = 0 ⇒ B = −1 cho x = 1 ⇒ C =
3
Substuting into (1), then balancing the coefficient, we obtain system of equations:
Thế vào (1) rồi cân bằng các hệ số, ta dc hệ pt:
A + C + D = 0
 1 1
B + C + E − D = 0 ⇒ A = 0, D = − , E =
C − E = 0 3 3

1 1 1 −x + 1
⇒ =− + +
x5 − x 2 x2 (
3 ( x − 1) 3 x 2 + x + 1
)

31
 dx dx dx ( − x + 1) dx 1 ln x − 1 1 ( 2x + 1 − 3) dx
∫ x5 − x 2 = −∫ +∫ +∫ = + − ∫
x2 3 ( x − 1)
(2
3 x + x +1 x 3
) 6 x2 + x + 1 ( )
( )
'
1 ( 2x + 1 − 3) dx 1 x 2 + x + 1 dx 1 ( −3) dx
− ∫ =− ∫ −
6 ∫ x2 + x + 1
6
(x2 + x + 1 6
) ( x 2 + x + 1) ( )
 1
ln x 2 + x + 1 d x + 
1  2
2∫
=− +
 
6 2  2
 1 
 x +  +  3
 
 2  2  
 

ln x 2 + x + 1 1 2  1 2   dx 1 x
=− + . arctg   x +  . ∫ 2 = arctg 
6 2 3  2  3   x + a2 a a
2
dx1 ln x − 1 ln x + x + 1 1  2x + 1 
So: ∫ = + − + arctg  
x5 − x 2 x 3 6 3  3 
2
1 1 ( x − 1) 1  2x + 1 
= + ln + arctg  +C
x 6 x2 + x + 1 3  3 

x 3 .dx
x2 a2
* I=∫ = − .ln x 2 + a 2
2 2 2 2
x +a
x 3 .dx x 2 .dx
* I=∫ , Put u = x ⇒ du = dx, dv =
x2 + a2 x2 + a2

⇒v=∫
x 2 .dx
=∫
( x 2 + a 2 ) .dx − a 2 .dx x
x2 + a2 x2 + a2
∫ x2 + a2 = x − a.arctan
a

2 x  x 2 x x2 x
⇒ I = x − ax.arctan − ∫  x − a.arctan  .dx = x − ax.arctan − + a ∫ arctan .dx
a  a a 2 a

32
 x x 1 dx a.dx
I1 = a ∫ arctan .dx, Put u = arctan ⇒ du = . = , dv = dx ⇒ v = x
a a a ( x/a ) 2 + 1 x 2 + a 2

 x
⇒ I1 = a  x.arctan − a ∫
x.dx 
2
x a2 d x + a
2
( )
a 2 ∫ x2 + a2
 = ax.arctan −
 a x2 + a2 
x a2
= ax.arctan − .ln x 2 + a 2
a 2

2 x x2 x
⇒ I = x − ax.arctan − + a ∫ arctan .dx
a 2 a
x x2 x a2 x2 a2
= x 2 − ax.arctan − + ax.arctan − .ln x 2 + a 2 = − .ln x 2 + a 2
a 2 a 2 2 2
x 3 .dx
x2 a2
⇒I=∫ = − .ln x 2 + a 2
x2 + a2 2 2
'
 x2 a2  a2 2x x 3 + x.a 2 − x.a 2 x3
 − .ln x 2 + a 2  =x− . = =
 2 2  2 x 2
+ a 2
x 2
+ a 2
x2 + a 2
 

x 4 .dxx3 x
* I=∫ = − a 2 .x + a 3 .arctan
x2 + a2 3 a
x 4 .dx x 3 .dx
* I=∫ , Put u = x ⇒ du = dx, dv =
x2 + a2 x2 + a2
x 3 .dx
x2 a2
⇒v=∫ = − .ln x 2 + a 2
2 2 2 2
x +a
x 3 a 2 .x 2 2 x2 a2
⇒I= − .ln x + a − ∫ .dx + ∫ ln x 2 + a 2 .dx
2 2 2 2
x 3 a 2 .x 2 2 x3 a 2
= − .ln x + a − + ∫ ln x 2 + a 2 .dx
2 2 6 2

a2 2x.dx
I1 = ∫ ln x 2 + a 2 .dx, Put u = ln x 2 + a 2 ⇒ du = , dv = dx ⇒ v = x
2 2 2
x +a

⇒ I1 =
a 2
2 2
x.ln x + a − a ∫ 2 x .dx
2
=
a 2
.x.ln x 2
+ a 2
2
−a ∫
( )
 x 2 + a 2 .dx
−∫

a 2 .dx 

2 x2 + a2 2  x 2
+ a 2
x2 + a2 
 
a 2 .x.ln x 2 + a 2 x
= − a 2 .x + a 3 .arctan
2 a

33
 x 3 a 2 .x a2
⇒I= − .ln x 2 + a 2 + ∫ ln x 2 + a 2 .dx
3 2 2
x 3 a 2 .x 2 2 a 2 .x x
= − .ln x + a + .ln x 2 + a 2 − a 2 .x + a 3 .arctan
3 2 2 a
x 4 .dx
x3 x
I=∫ = − a 2 .x + a 3 .arctan
x2 + a2 3 a
'
 x3 2 3 x 2 2 3 1 a2
 − a .x + a .arctan  = x − a + a .   .
 3 a   a  x2 + a2

2 2
x 4 + ( a.x ) − ( a.x ) − a 4 + a 4 x4
= =
x2 + a2 x2 + a2

x n .dx x n −1.dx x n −1.dx

* In = ∫ , Put u = x ⇒ du = dx, dv = ⇒v=∫
x2 + a2 x2 + a2 x2 + a2
x n −1.dx  x n −1.dx 
⇒ In = x.∫ − ∫ dx  ∫  = x.I n −1 − ∫ I n −1.dx
x2 + a2  x2 + a2 
 
dx 1 x x x 1 x
I0 = ∫ = .arctan   , I1 = x.I0 − ∫ I0 .dx = .arctan   − ∫ arctan   .dx
x2 + a2 a a a a a a

1 x x 1 dx a.dx
a∫
B= arctan .dx, Put u = arctan ⇒ du = . = , dv = dx ⇒ v = x
a a a ( x/a ) 2 + 1 x 2 + a 2

1 x
⇒ I1 =  x.arctan − a ∫
x.dx  x
= .arctan − ∫
2
x 1 d x +a
2
( )
2 2 a
a a x +a  a 2 x2 + a2
x x 1
= .arctan − .ln x 2 + a 2
a a 2

x.dx x x 1 x

⇒ I1 = ∫ = .arctan   − ∫ arctan   .dx
x2 + a2 a a a a
x x x x 1 1
= .arctan   − .arctan + .ln x 2 + a 2 = .ln x 2 + a 2
a a a a 2 2

34
35