IC Report Census Chile Final Version

Report of the International Commission on the 2012 Population and Housing Census of Chile
2 September 22 November 2013
Roberto Bianchini Griffith Feeney Rajendra Singh
Summary of Contents
Li t of acronym and abbreviation 1! "ntrod#ction 2! $ethodo%ogy 3! &reparatory 'or( )! Fie%d operation *! +ata proce ing ,! -en # prod#ct and ervice .! &o t/en#meration #rvey 0! +emographic e1#ation e timate 2! Samp%ing of non/re ponding ho# ing #nit 10! Ne3t pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # 11! -onc%# ion and recommendation 4nne3 1! &er on met 4nne3 2! Li t of -om#na for "N5 Regiona% +irector 4nne3 3! "nternationa% -ommi ion re1#e t to regiona% office 4nne3 )! S#mmary of the optica% character reading proce 4nne3 *! "mp#tation of occ#pied ho# ing #nit 'ith non/re ponding inhabitant 4nne3 ,! -o#nt of ho# ing #nit and per on for Bio Bio fie%d vi it 54 4nne3 .! 6ype of en#meration in cen # e of Latin 4merica and the -aribbean
List of Acronyms and Abbre iations

-5L4+5 54 5""N5 :N Latin 4merican 7 -aribbean +emographic -entre / 5-L45n#meration area 8cen # ector9 53terna% -ommi ion "nternationa% -ommi ion Nationa% "n tit#te of Stati tic of -hi%e :nited Nation
Report of the "- on the 2012 &op#%ation and ;o# ing -en # of -hi%e Fina% <er ion
Contents
Executive summary ....................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 8 2. Methodology ............................................................................................................. 8
2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.2. Time in Santiago, Antofagasta, and Biobio ........................................................................... 9 2.3. Access to information .......................................................................................................... 9 2.4. Meetings ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.5. ocuments and ma!s .......................................................................................................... 9 2.". #ie$d %isits............................................................................................................................ 9 2.&. 'ensus data fi$es.................................................................................................................. 9 2.8. S!ecia$ tabu$ations ............................................................................................................ 1( 2.9. )e*uest to I+, regiona$ offices .......................................................................................... 1( 2.1(. Meeting -it. I+, regiona$ office directors ....................................................................... 1( 2.11. Internationa$ !rinci!$es, recommendations, and !ractices ............................................... 1(
3. Preparatory Wor .................................................................................................... 11

3.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 11 3.2. T/!e of enumeration ......................................................................................................... 11 3.3. Met.od of enumeration .................................................................................................... 11 3.4. Timing of enumeration ...................................................................................................... 11 3.5. 'ensus reference time ....................................................................................................... 12 3.". uration of enumeration ................................................................................................... 12 3.&. 0uestionnaires .................................................................................................................. 12
!. "ield operations ....................................................................................................... 1!

4.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 14 4.2. Met.odo$og/..................................................................................................................... 14 4.3. 1$anning ............................................................................................................................ 1" 4.4. 1re2census ......................................................................................................................... 1" 4.5. emarcation of enumeration areas ................................................................................... 1& 4.". 1roduction of census ma!s ................................................................................................ 1&
4.8. 'ensus tests ...................................................................................................................... 21 4.9. Staff recruitment and training ........................................................................................... 21 4.1(. ,numeration ................................................................................................................... 21
5. #ata Processing ....................................................................................................... 2!

5.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 24 5.2. Met.odo$og/..................................................................................................................... 24 5.3. Stages of data !rocessing .................................................................................................. 24 5.4. ata ca!ture and coding.................................................................................................... 24 5.5. Incor!oration of de$a/ed *uestionnaires ........................................................................... 25 5.". )ectification of .ousing unit and .ouse.o$d codes ............................................................ 25 5.&. 1roducing !erson, .ouse.o$d and .ousing unit records ..................................................... 2" 5.8. ,diting for inconsistencies and missing %a$ues ................................................................... 2" 5.9. Im!utation for non2res!onding .ousing units .................................................................... 2& 5.1(. Im!utation for unobser%ed .ousing units ........................................................................ 29 5.11. 'a$cu$ation of missing %a$ue rates .................................................................................... 29 5.12 Missing %a$ue rates for !erson %ariab$es 3unedited data4 .................................................. 31 5.13. Ana$/sis of t.e main stages of data !rocessing for se$ected areas .................................... 34
$. %ensus products and services ................................................................................... 35

".1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 35 ".2. Met.odo$ogica$ and administrati%e re!ort......................................................................... 3" ".3. Standard tab$es ................................................................................................................. 3& ".4. 5n2demand tabu$ation ser%ice .......................................................................................... 38 ".5. Statistica$ briefs ................................................................................................................. 39 ".". ,%a$uation studies ............................................................................................................. 4( ".&. 1ub$ic use microdata sam!$e ............................................................................................. 4(
&. Post'enumeration survey ......................................................................................... !(

&.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4( &.2. efinitions ......................................................................................................................... 41 &.3. T.e 2(12 census !ost2census sur%e/ 31'S4 ........................................................................ 41 &.4. 1'S sam!$e design ............................................................................................................. 43 &.5. 1'S data co$$ection ............................................................................................................ 43 &.". 1'S matc.ing met.odo$og/ ............................................................................................... 44 &.&. 1'S fie$d fo$$o-2u! o!eration not underta6en ................................................................... 45
&.8. 1'S estimation met.odo$og/ ............................................................................................. 45 &.9. 'onc$usion and recommendation ...................................................................................... 4"
8. #emographic e)uation estimates............................................................................. !$

8.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4" 8.2. emogra!.ic e*uation estimation..................................................................................... 4& 8.3. emogra!.ic estimate of t.e 2(12 census !o!u$ation ...................................................... 48 8.4. emogra!.ic estimates of t.e 2(12 subnationa$ !o!u$ation ............................................. 49 8.5 emogra!.ic e*uation estimates and !ro7ection estimates ............................................... 5(
*. +ampling o, non'responding housing units ............................................................... 51

9.1 Sub2!o!u$ation sam!$ing of non2res!onding .ousing units ................................................. 51 9.2 Sam!$e esign .................................................................................................................... 51 9.3 Margin of ,rror As!ect ....................................................................................................... 51 9.4 5!erationa$ As!ects ........................................................................................................... 52
1(. %hile-s next population and housing census ........................................................... 53

1(.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 53 1(.2. 1$anning .......................................................................................................................... 53 1(.3. T/!e of enumeration ....................................................................................................... 5& 1(.4. )eference time ................................................................................................................ 5& 1(.5. 8engt. of enumeration !eriod ......................................................................................... 5& 1(.". 'ensus date ..................................................................................................................... 5&
11. %onclusions and recommendations ........................................................................ 58
!"ecuti e summary
6he "nternationa% -ommi ion on the 2012 &op#%ation and ;o# ing -en # of -hi%e began it 'or( on 2 September and conc%#ded on 22 November 2013! -ommi ion member Griffith Feeney and Rajendra Singh pent eight 'ee( in co#ntry= -ommi ion member Roberto Bianchini ) 'ee( ! 6he -ommi ion 'a given f#%% acce to "N5 taff= doc#ment and cen # data! $ember pent over .0 ho#r in meeting 'ith "N5 taff= and cond#cted a %imited revie' of doc#ment and map = inc%#ding cen # 1#e tionnaire = p%anning and en#meration area map = en#merator and #pervi or man#a% = data proce ing pecification = and p#b%i hed cen # report ! 6he -ommi ion revie'ed preparatory 'or( %eading #p the en#meration= fie%d operation d#ring the en#meration and #b e1#ent data proce ing thro#gh meeting 'ith "N5 taff= doc#ment and fie%d vi it ! >b ervation 'ere a e ed in re%ation to internationa% good practice a given= for e3amp%e= in the :nited Nation &rincip%e and Recommendation for &op#%ation and ;o# ing -en # e ! 6he 2012 cen # 'a a de j#re cen # 8the 2002 cen # 'a de facto9! "t # ed the intervie'er method of en#meration 'ith paper 1#e tionnaire ! 5n#meration 'a p%anned for 2 4pri% 2012 thro#gh end ?#ne= b#t contin#ed in ome area thro#gh end ?#%y! No cen # reference time 'a pecified! 6he main cen # 1#e tionnaire ection are 849 identification= 8B9 ho# ing #nit data= 8-9 ho# eho%d data= 8+9 ho# eho%d ro ter and 859 per on data! @#e tionnaire provided pace for recording information on #p to i3 per on ! Fie%d vi it to e%ected en#meration area 854 9 in Santiago $etropo%itan area= 4ntofaga ta Region and Biobio Region! &reparation for fie%d vi it inc%#ded meeting 'ith "N5 cartography taff on the 2011 pre/cen # and #b e1#ent 54 demarcation and 'ith data proce ing taff on o#tgoing and incoming %ogi tic ! -ommi ion member vi ited 54 accompanied by "N5 Regiona% +irector and taff! 4rriving at an 54= they identified the tarting point for en#meration of the 54 on the gro#nd and on the 54 map= fo%%o'ed the path the en#merator 'o#%d have fo%%o'ed= and corre%ated ob ervation on the gro#nd 'ith the 54 map! Fie%d vi it 'ere preceded or fo%%o'ed by office meeting 'ith regiona% office taff to #nder tand the overa%% proce of en#meration= inc%#ding the ro%e of #pervi or ! "n Biobio region= the on%y fie%d vi it 'ith Roberto Bianchini pre ent= a meeting revie'ing the proce %a ted over even ho#r ! Fie%d operation 'ere a% o a e ed by identifying com#na 'ith e3treme va%#e for evera% indicator and a (ing regiona% director 1#e tion on mea #re ta(en to en #re the 1#a%ity of en#meration for the e com#na ! 4 meeting 'ith a%% 1) regiona% director 'a then he%d in Santiago to c%arify their re pon e !
-ommi ion member identified even tage of data proce ingA data capt#re and codingB incorporation of de%ayed 1#e tionnaire B rectification of ho# ing #nit and ho# eho%d code B prod#ction of per on= ho# eho%d and ho# ing #nit record B editing the e record for incon i tencie and mi ing va%#e B imp#ting per onCho# eho%d record to non/ re ponding ho# ing #nit B and imp#tation of #nob erved ho# ing #nit ! +ata proce ing 'a a e ed by the c%arity 'ith 'hich the tage and the format of the o#tp#t fi%e 'ere defined= by data capt#re error rate = and by mi ing va%#e rate ! 4n "N5 amp%e/ba ed t#dy fo#nd data capt#re error rate of 0!1)D for ho# ing #nit and 0!22D for per on ! $i ing va%#e rate for the great majority of per on variab%e 'ere very %o'! ;igh rate 'ere ob erved for ha%f a doEen variab%e = inc%#ding variab%e for per on born o#t ide -hi%e! 6he data proce ing #nit provided canned 1#e tionnaire image and co#nt of ho# ing #nit and per on for the 54 ob erved in the fie%d vi it at each tage of proce ing= ma(ing it po ib%e to ee the re #%t of each tage of proce ing for each 54 ! Ba ed on the e ob ervation the -ommi ion conc%#ded that fie%d operation and data proce ing 'ere genera%%y cond#cted to a high tandard and in accordance 'ith internationa% princip%e = recommendation and g#ide%ine ! 53ception 'ere noted= #ch a the non/ pecification of a cen # reference time= b#t the e e3ception do not #b tantia%%y impair the # abi%ity of cen # data! 5va%#ation of cen # re #%t = a di tinct from the proce e that prod#ced the e re #%t = i prob%ematic! 6he &o t/-en # S#rvey a imp%emented cannot be # ed to e timate cen # omi ion for evera% rea on A %ac( of a cen # reference timeB the %ong de%ay bet'een the beginning of the cen # en#meration and the beginning of the &-SB matching proced#re diffic#%tie d#e to fir t name on%y being co%%ectedB and the ab ence of fie%d fo%%o' #p for non/matched per on ! +emographic e1#ation e timate a a method for a e ing comp%etene of cen # coverage at the nationa% %eve% d#e to the %ac( of eva%#ation t#die providing e timate of comp%etene of birth and death regi tration! 4t the #b/nationa% %eve%= in partic#%ar for com#na = they are impo ib%e beca# e no data on inter/com#na migration f%o' for the period bet'een the 2002 and the 2012 cen # e3i t ! "t i obvio# %y de irab%e to have direct evidence of the 1#a%ity of cen # re #%t = in partic#%ar of comp%etene of en#meration= a 'e%% a the indirect evidence on 1#a%ity of cen # proce e ! Ba ed on the avai%ab%e evidence= ho'ever= the -ommi ion find no ba i for do#bting the # abi%ity of the cen # data for mo t= if perhap not a%%= of the c# tomary # e ! 6he -ommi ion according%y recommend that the re #%t of the 2012 cen # of pop#%ation and ho# ing be made avai%ab%e to # er a oon a po ib%e= #bject to t'o e entia% condition ! Fir t= the -ommi ion recommend that the imp#tation of ho# ing #nit not ob erved on the gro#nd d#ring the en#meration be e%iminated!
"
Second= the -ommi ion recommend no cen # re #%t be re%ea ed #nti% they can be accompanied by a methodo%ogica% and admini trative report doc#menting cen # preparatory 'or(= fie%d operation and data proce ing! 6he commi ion f#rther recommend that= 'hen the e t'o condition have been met= "N5 prepare the fo%%o'ing cen # prod#ct and ervice A the methodo%ogica% and admini trative reportB tandard cen # tab%e B an on/demand tab#%ation prod#ctC ervice that enab%e # er to prod#ce and tab%e they pecify= #bject to condition nece ary to en #re confidentia%ityB tati tica% brief to promote a'arene and enco#rage # e of the cen # re #%t B eva%#ation t#die of the 1#a%ity of cen # dataB and if # e demand o indicate = a p#b%ic # e microdata amp%e! 6he above doe not have to be prod#ced at the ame time= b#t p%anned and di eminated 'ith a ca%endar! -en # tab%e and the methodo%ogica% and admini trative report are the fir t prod#ct 'e recommend to re%ea e! 6he -ommi ion recommend = in re pon e to a pecific re1#e t from "N5= that the propo ed amp%e of non/re ponding ho# ing #nit not be carried o#t beca# e it i #n%i(e%y to ignificant%y improve the cen # re #%t ! 6he -ommi ion recommend that "N5 ta(e the fo%%o'ing con ideration into acco#nt in deciding the date of the ne3t pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # ! Fir t= given the prob%em = rea% and perceived= of the 2012 cen # = the -ommi ion recommend that a f#%% pi%ot cen # be cond#cted on year before the ne3t cen # ! 6he date of the ne3t cen # ho#%d ta(e into con ideration a% o the %ength of time re1#ired for cen # preparatory 'or(= a%% of 'hich m# t be carried o#t regard%e of the %ength of the 1#e tionnaire! "n addition to the # #a% preparatory 'or(= the -ommi ion recommend that "N5 re earch emerging cen # methodo%ogie and con ider 'hether or not they may be appropriate for the ne3t cen # of -hi%e!
&
1# Introduction
6he 2012 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # of -hi%e 'a carried o#t by the Nationa% "n tit#te of Stati tic 8"N59 from 4pri% 2 to end ?#%y 2012! -en # re #%t 'ere anno#nced on ) 4pri% 2013! >n 2, 4pri% 2013= fo%%o'ing p#b%ic a%%egation of inappropriate proce ing of the cen # data= the chairman of "N5 #bmitted hi re ignation! >n 22 4pri%= ?#an 5! -oeyman became chairman of "N5! >n 2 $ay= p#b%ication of cen # re #%t that had been p%aced on the "N5 'eb ite 'ere removed from ite! >n 2 $ay "N5 appointed an 53terna% -ommi ion to inve tigate the i #e rai ed in the pre ! 6he 53terna% -ommi ion de%ivered it report= Informe final Comisin Externa Revisora del CENSO 2012= on . 4#g# t 2013! 6he report i avai%ab%e on the "N5 'eb ite 8'''!cen o!c%CinformeFfina%!pdf= vi ited 11/Nov/20139! >n 23 4#g# t 2013 "N5 appointed an "nternationa% -ommi ion to f#rther inve tigate cen # i #e ! 6he -ommi ion 'a compo ed of three independent internationa% e3pert on pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # e ! 6he e3pert carried o#t the 'or( 'itho#t any interference from "N5 and from any other in tit#tion or per on! 6hi i the report of the "nternationa% -ommi ion! "nternationa% -ommi ion member vi ited Santiago three time d#ring September/ November 2013 and made fie%d vi it in 4ntofaga ta and Biobio region = and in Santiago $etropi%itana! 6he fo%%o'ing ection de cribe the methodo%ogy 'e fo%%o'ed to arrive at o#r conc%# ion and recommendation ! Section 3/. di c# pha e of the 2012 cen # activity in chrono%ogica% order!
Section 0 di c# e demographic ana%y i for cen # eva%#ation! Section 2 di c# e matter pertinent to p%anning the ne3t pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # ! Section 10 #mmariEe and e3tend preceding ection ! the conc%# ion and recommendation made in
2# $ethodology
2#1# Introduction
6hi ection de cribe the methodo%ogy # ed by the "nternationa% -ommi ion! 4dditiona% detai% on methodo%ogy i provided in evera% #b e1#ent ection ! 6he :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housin Censuses 8f#%% reference in ection 2!11 be%o'9 tate that cen # eva%#ation ho#%d inc%#de a e ment Gof cen # operation H a 'e%% a eva%#ation of cen # re #%t 8paragraph 1!3019! 6hi report foc# e main%y on eva%#ation of cen # p%anning= proce e and operation a detai%ed in -hapter ""= """ and < of the Principles and Recommendations! 8
2#2# %ime in Santiago& Antofagasta& and 'iobio

$ember of the "nternationa% -ommi ion vi ited Santiago d#ring 2/13 September= from . >ctober to 1 November= and d#ring 11/22 November 2013! Griffith Feeney and Rajendra Singh 'ere pre ent thro#gh the e period ! +#e to prior commitment = Roberto Bianchini 'a in Santiago from 1* >ctober to 1 November and d#ring 1)/22 November 2013! Feeney and Singh made fie%d vi it in Santiago on , September and in 4ntofaga ta region on 0/2 September! Bianchini= Feeney and Singh made a fie%d vi it to Biobio region on 2)/2* >ctober 2013!
2#(# Access to information

"N5 provided the "nternationa% -ommi ion f#%% acce to "N5 taff= doc#ment = and cen # data et ! 4%% #b tantive re1#e t for meeting 'ith taff= doc#ment and data et 'ere met on a time%y ba i ! -ommi ion member igned a confidentia%ity agreement= G-onfidentia%ity 4greement and 4cce to +ata &rotection by Stati tica% SecrecyH!
2#)# $eetings
6he -ommi ion pent over .0 ho#r in meeting 'ith c#rrent and former "N5 taff= member of the 53terna% -ommi ion= -5L4+5 taff= and other per on intere ted in the cen # !
2#*# +ocuments and maps

6he -ommi ion cond#cted a %imited revie' of avai%ab%e doc#ment and map = inc%#ding cen # 1#e tionnaire form = p%anning and en#meration area map = en#merator and #pervi or man#a% = fie%d operation form = data proce ing pecification = and p#b%i hed cen # report ! "N5 provided f#%% or partia% 5ng%i h tran %ation of doc#ment a re1#e ted by the "nternationa% -ommi ion! Beca# e of the vo%#me of doc#mentary materia%= "nternationa% -ommi ion member fre1#ent%y revie'ed o#rce doc#ment 'ith bi%ing#a% "N5 taff!
2#,# -ield isits

6he -ommi ion made fie%d vi it to "N5 regiona% office and cen # en#meration area 8cen # ector 9 in 4ntofaga ta= Biobio= and Santiago! 5n#meration area vi ited 'ere e%ected by the regiona% office head ba ed on criteria 'e pecified! +#ring the fie%d vi it 'e co%%ected en#meration materia% avai%ab%e in the fie%d b#t not in "N5 head1#arter in Santiago!
2#.# Census data files

Fo%%o'ing the vi it 'e re1#e ted and received copie of comp#ter data fi%e for the en#meration area 854 9 vi ited! 6he fi%e received for each 54 inc%#ded the o#tp#t fi%e of each tage of data proce ing de cribed in ection * be%o'! 6he fi%e 'ere provided by the
"N5 Logi tic and "nformation Sy tem :nit 8:nidad de Ge tiIn= LogJ tica e "nformKtica -en o9!
2#/# Special tabulations

6he -ommi ion re1#e ted and received from "N5 vario# data et at vario# tage of proce ing! pecia% tab#%ation of cen #
2#0# Re1uest to I2! regional offices

6he -ommi ion identified fo#r gro#p of com#na 8admini trative #nit 9 having re%ative%y e3treme va%#e for fo#r indicator and a (ed "N5 regiona% office director to provide e3p%anation for the e3treme va%#e for each com#naB to indicate 'hat tep 'ere ta(en d#ring fie%d operation to red#ce e3treme va%#e B 'hether a doc#ment de cribing the e tep co#%d be providedB and 'hether va%#e of indicator before and after the e tep 'ere ta(en co#%d be provided!
2#10# $eeting 3ith I2! regional office directors

4fter receiving re pon e from the regiona% director 'e met 'ith a%% 1) regiona% director and , Eone chief of Santiago metropo%itana for one day to ee( c%arification on their re pon e and to %earn more of their e3perience d#ring fie%d operation !
2#11# International principles& recommendations& and practices

"nformation on the 2012 cen # 'a revie'ed primari%y in re%ation to :nited Nation p#b%ication on princip%e = recommendation and practice pertaining to pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # e and vita% tati tic y tem ! 6he fo%%o'ing p#b%ication are mo t fre1#ent%y cited in #b e1#ent ection = 'hich may a% o contain reference to f#rther p#b%ication ! L1M !undamental Principles of Official Statistics! 122)/2013! :nited Nation Stati tica% -ommi ion! 4vai%ab%e in 4rabic= -hine e= 5ng%i h= French= R# ian= and Spani h at #n tat !#n!orgC#n dCdn CgpCgpintro!a p3= vi ited 13/Nov/2013! L2M Hand"oo# of Statistical Or ani$ation% &'e Operation and Or ani$ation of a Statistical ( enc)! 6hird edition= 2003! :nited Nation +epartment of 5conomic and Socia% 4ffair = Stati tic +ivi ion! St#die in $ethod= Serie F No! 00! S6C5S4CS646CS5R!FC00! 4vai%ab%e in 4rabic= -hine e= 5ng%i h= and Spani h at #n tat !#n!orgC#n dCdn C;BC= vi ited 13/Nov/2013! L3M Principles and Recommendations for a *ital Statistics S)stem Revision 2! :nited Nation +epartment of 5conomic and Socia% 4ffair ! Stati tic +ivi ion! S6C5S4CS646CS5R!$CRev! 2! Sa%e No! 5!01!N<""!10! "SBN 22/1/1,1)32/2! 4vai%ab%e in 4rabic= -hine e= 5ng%i h= French= R# ian and Spani h at #n tat !#n!orgC#n dCp#b Cge grid!a pOidP2,)= vi ited 1./ Nov/2013! L)M Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housin Censuses! Rev! 2= 2000! :nited Nation +epartment of 5conomic and Socia% 4ffair ! Stati tic +ivi ion! Stati tica% paper Serie $ No! ,.CRev!2! S6C5S4CS646CS5R!$C,.CRev!2! Ne' Qor(= 2000! 4vai%ab%e in
1(
4rabic= -hine e= 5ng%i h= French= R# ian= and Spani h #n tat !#n!orgC#n dCdemographicC o#rce Ccen # Ccen # 3!htm= vi ited 13/Nov/2013!
at
L*M Hand"oo# on Census +ana ement for Population and Housin Censuses! 2001! +epartment of 5conomic and Socia% 4ffair ! Stati tic +ivi ion! St#die in $ethod = Serie F No! 03CRev!1! S6C5S4CS646CS5R!FC03CRev!1! Ne' Qor(A :nited Nation ! 4vai%ab%e in 4rabic and 5ng%i h at the fo%%o'ing :RL= vi ited 1*/Nov/2013! #n tat !#n!orgC#n dCcen # (b20CRno'%edgeba e4rtic%e100,,!a p3 L,M Hand"oo# on ,eospatial Infrastructure in Support of Census (ctivities= 2002! :nited Nation +epartment of 5conomic and Socia% 4ffair = Stati tic +ivi ion= St#die in $ethod = Serie F No! 103! S6C5S4CS646CS5R!FC103! Sa%e No! 5!02!N<"""!0! "SBNA 2.0/22/1/1,1*2./2! Ne' Qor(A :nited Nation ! L.M Hand"oo# on Population and Housin Census Editin ! Rev! 1= 2010! :nited Nation +epartment of 5conomic and Socia% 4ffair ! Stati tic +ivi ion! St#die in $ethod Serie F No! 02CRev!1! S6C5S4CS646CS5R!FC02CRev!1! Ne' Qor(A :nited Nation ! L0M Post Enumeration Surve)s - Operational uidelines - &ec'nical Report. 2010! +epartment of 5conomic and Socia% 4ffair = Stati tic +ivi ion! 2010 Sor%d &op#%ation and ;o# ing -en # &rogramme! Ne' Qor(A :nited Nation ! 4vai%ab%e at #n tat !#n!orgC#n dCcen # (b20CRno'%edgeba e4rtic%e10,0*!a p3= vi ited 1./Nov/2013!
(# Preparatory 4or5
(#1# Introduction
$o t preparatory 'or( for the 2012 cen # %ie o#t ide the cope of thi report! Severa% (ey feat#re are noted in thi ection to provide bac(gro#nd for #b e1#ent ection !
(#2# %ype of enumeration

6he -hi%e 2012 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # en#merated per on at their # #a% p%ace of re idence! "t 'a th# 'hat i often ca%%ed a de /ure cen # ! : #a% re idence= defined in the en#merator man#a% = genera%%y fo%%o' the :nited Nation recommendation! 6he -hi%e 2002 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # en#merated per on at their p%ace of en#meration= that i = it 'a a de facto cen # ! &op#%ation of #b/nationa% area from the 2012 cen # are according%y not comparab%e 'ith the pop#%ation of the e area from the 2002 cen # ! 6here are no tati tica% t#die of the e3tent of the incomparabi%ity o far a 'e have been ab%e to determine!
(#(# $ethod of enumeration

6he 2012 cen # # ed the intervie'er method of en#meration 'ith paper 1#e tionnaire !
(#)# %iming of enumeration

6he 2012 cen # en#meration began 2 4pri% 2012! "t 'a p%anned to be comp%eted by ?#ne 30= b#t ome canva ing contin#ed thro#gh end ?#%y!
11
(#*# Census reference time

6he :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housin Censuses 8Rev! 1= 20009 define a pop#%ation cen # a the Gproce of co%%ecting= compi%ing= eva%#ating= ana%y ing and p#b%i hing or other'i e di eminating demographic= economic and ocia% data pertaining= at a specified time= to a%% per on in a co#ntry !!!H 8empha i added9! 6he Principles and Recommendations %i(e'i e identifie fo#r e entia% feat#re of a pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # A individ#a% en#meration= #niver a%ity 'ithin a defined territory= im#%taneity= and defined periodicity! >f G im#%taneityH it i tated that G5ach per on and each et of %iving 1#arter ho#%d be en#merated a of t'e same 0ell1defined point in time !!!H 8empha i added9! 6he :nited Nation Hand"oo# on Census +ana ement for Population and Housin Censuses %i(e'i e tate that Gan e entia% feat#re of a cen # i that each per on= or each et of %iving 1#arter = i en#merated 'ith reference to t'e same predetermined point in time! 6hi cen # reference time i # #a%%y midnight at the beginning of the de ignated cen # dayH 8empha i added9! No reference time 'a pecified for the 2012 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # ! 6hi may be d#e in part to the change to a # #a% re idence cen # from the 2002 cen # one day de facto cen # = for 'hich omething c%o e to a reference time i imp%icit! 4 reference time ho#%d be pecified for the ne3t pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # in -hi%e!
(#,# +uration of enumeration

6he :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housin Censuses tate that G"t i de irab%e to (eep the en#meration period hort in order to avoid do#b%e co#nting and omi ion = 'hich can occ#r in pite of a ing%e reference dateH 8paragraph 1!20.9! "n mo t deve%oping co#ntrie = it i tated= Gthe en#meration period ha genera%%y varied from a fe' day to t'o 'ee( H 8paragraph 1!209! No reference to typica% d#ration of en#meration in deve%oped co#ntrie ! Se are a'are of no g%oba% #mmary tatement of co#ntry practice !
(#.# 6uestionnaires
6he :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations tate that Gt'o genera% frame'or( 'ithin 'hich individ#a% are identifiedA 8a9 ho# eho%d and 8b9 in tit#tion H and that G6he ho# eho%d i a genera% frame'or( 'ithin 'hich mo t individ#a% are identifiedH 8paragraph 1!))29! $o t ho# eho%d occ#py ho# ing #nit 8vivienda partic#%are 9= b#t ho# eho%d may be home%e 8paragraph 1!)*2 and 2!1029! 6he 2012 cen # did not attempt to en#merate home%e per on !
12
"ndivid#a% may a% o be en#merated in co%%ective %iving 1#arter 8vivienda co%ectiva 9= 'hich inc%#de= for e3amp%e= hote% = in tit#tion = camp and 'or(erT 1#arter ! 6he Principles and Recommendations c%a ifie %iving 1#arter in paragraph 2!)1*= 'hich inc%#de Fig#re .! 6hree 1#e tionnaire 'ere # ed for the 2012 cen # en#meration= a 1#e tionnaire for ho# eho%d %iving in ho# ing #nit 8-#e tionario -en a% <ivienda &artic#%are 9= a 1#e tionnaire for per on %iving in co%%ective 1#arter 8-#e tionario -en a% <ivienda -o%ectiva 9= and a 1#e tionnaire for per on not # #a%%y re ident in the co#ntry! @#e tionnaire of the %a t type 'ere proce ed b#t not tab#%ated! 6he 1#e tionnaire for ho# eho%d %iving in ho# ing #nit con i t of five ection ! 4! "dentification B! ;o# ing #nit data -! ;o# eho%d data +! ;o# eho%d ro ter 5! : #a% re ident 8per on 9 Section 4 contain information to identify the ho# eho%d and ho# ing #nit for 'hich information i recorded! 6hi information inc%#de the en#meration area 8549 barcode 8n#mero de portafo%io9= from 'hich the code for region= province= com#na= di trict= area= di trictC%oca%ity= EoneCentity= b%oc( and en#meration area may be determined! 6he ho# ing #nit i #ni1#e%y identified by the portafo%io code and the ho# ing #nit code! 6he ho# eho%d i #ni1#e%y identified by the portafo%io code= the ho# ing #nit code and the ho# eho%d code! 6he ho# eho%d code i G00H for #nocc#pied ho# ing #nit = G01H for the fir t ho# eho%d in a ho# ing #nit= G02H for the econd ho# eho%d in a ho# ing #nit= and o on! ;o# eho%d of more than , per on = the ma3im#m n#mber provided for by the 1#e tionnaire= re1#ire additiona% 1#e tionnaire ! 6he e are identified by the portafo%io code= the ho# eho%d code= and a contin#ation code at far right! Section 4 a% o inc%#de information on the treet addre Section B contain ho# ing #nit information! Section - contain ho# eho%d information! Section + provide thi ection! pace to %i t nine per on ! Re%ation to head of ho# eho%d i recorded in of the ho# ing #nit!
Section 5 contain per on information! 6ho#gh ection + provide pace to %i t nine per on = ection 5 a%%o' recording information for on%y i3 per on ! ;o# eho%d of ./12 per on re1#ire t'o 1#e tionnaire = ho# eho%d of 13/10 per on three 1#e tionnaire = and o on!
13
6he 1#e tionnaire for per on %iving in co%%ective %iving 1#arter contain the ame 1#e tion a ection 5 of the 1#e tionnaire for ho# eho%d %iving in ho# ing #nit = tho#gh the item n#mber are different!
)# -ield operations
)#1# Introduction
6he :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housin Censuses 8Rev! 1= 20009 de cribe fie%d operation for a pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # a a n#mber of con ec#tive and para%%e% activitie = 'hich are %arge%y connected each other! 6he main activitie areA 19 p%anningB 29 mappingB 39 rea%iEation of cen # te t B )9 definition and f#nctioning of fie%d organiEationB *9 %ogi tic B ,9 imp%ementation of a 1#a%ity a #rance programmeB .9 taff recr#itment and trainingB 09 en#merationB 29 cen # eva%#ation= 109 comm#nication and p#b%icity!
)#2# $ethodology
6hi ection de cribe fie%d operation ba ed on o#r ob ervation d#ring fie%d vi it = on o#r t#dy of officia% doc#ment = and on inten ive di c# ion 'e cond#cted 'ith "N5 taff direct%y invo%ved in their imp%ementation! -en # eva%#ation i de cribed in chapter . of thi report! No comprehen ive 1#a%ity a #rance programme 'a p%anned and imp%emented in the 2012 cen # ! 4 mentioned above= the member of the "nternationa% -ommi ion cond#cted three eparate fie%d vi it = one in the northern region of 4ntofaga ta= one in the center of the co#ntry in Santiago metropo%itan area and one in the o#thern region of Biobio= and met 'ith the head of the fifteen "N5 regiona% office ! 4 technica% meeting 'a a% o organiEed 'ith the :nit &ecnolo ia Carto rafica of the +epartment Infraestructura Estad2stica ) &ecnol ica of "N5! Severa% cen # en#meration area 'ere vi ited to %earn ho' 2012 cen # fie%d operation 'ere organiEed and carried o#t in the fie%d! Se identified the type of en#meration area 'e 'anted to vi it 'ith the intention of gaining ome #nder tanding 'hat may have ca# ed omi ion in the cen # ! Se a% o con idered vi iting the area that may have ca# ed difference in com#na pop#%ation d#e to change from de facto to de /ure cen # ! -on idering the po ib%e ca# e for omi ion and the difference in 2012 cen # type= 'e decided to vi it en#meration area in %o'= midd%e and #pper income area = in area diffic#%t to en#merate area for ec#rity= tran port carcity or other rea on = area affected by nat#ra% di a ter = and mining area ! "N5 provided # 'ith en#meration area map = pre/%i ting and cen # %i ting heet and the regiona% office taff to accompany # and an 'er 1#e tion on fie%d operation d#ring the cen # ! "n each en#meration area= 'e fo%%o'ed the path that an en#merator 'a #ppo ed to fo%%o'!
14
"n addition to o#r fie%d ob ervation= 'e re1#e ted information from a%% "N5 regiona% office for e%ected com#na ! 6he com#na 'ere e%ected for having e3treme va%#e for one or more of fo#r indicator ! 6he e3treme va%#e 'ere cho en ome'hat arbitrari%y ba ed on an initia% in pection of com#ma data! "nitia%%y= 'e con idered on%y the fo#r indicator = b#t re #%ted in a %arge n#mber of com#na inc%#ding many very ma%% com#na that 'o#%d have %itt%e effect on data 1#a%ity! Se therefore added a f#rther criterion to e%ect on%y %arger com#na ! Fo#r gro#p of com#na 'ere formed ba ed on fo#r indicator one gro#p for each indicator! 6he e fo#r indicator for identifying com#na 'ith e3treme rate 'ere a fo%%o' ! 1! &ercent of ho# ing #nit #nocc#pied greater than or e1#a% to 1*D= on%y com#na 'ith 12=000 or more ho# ing #nit ! 2! &ercent of non/re ponding ho# ing #nit greater than or e1#a% to *D= on%y com#na 'ith *=000 or more ho# ing #nit ! 3! &ercent difference bet'een the 2012 cen # n#mber of ho# ing #nit and the 2011 pre/cen # n#mber of ho# ing #nit %e than or e1#a% to / *D= on%y com#na 'ith )=000 or more ho# ing #nit ! )! &ercent difference bet'een the and the n#mber of ho# ing #nit than 20D or %e than /20D= on%y ho# ing #nit a of the 2012 cen # 2012 cen # n#mber of ho# ing #nit projected from the 2002 cen # more for com#na for 'ith )0=000 or more ! o
"N5 provided the com#na data re1#ired to comp#te the e indicator ! 6he com#na identified are %i ted in 4nne3 2!
6he e %i t of com#na 'ere ent to "N5 regiona% office director ! 6he director 'ere a (ed to an 'er the fo%%o'ing fo#r 1#e tion for each com#na! @#e tion for Regiona% >ffice to Re pondA 1! &rovide an e3p%anation 8or ca# e 9 for a rate to be o e3treme in yo#r com#na! 2! Shat tep = if any= did yo# ta(e to red#ce #ch an e3treme rateO 3! "f needed= 'o#%d yo# be ab%e to provide a doc#ment that de cribe yo#r proced#re8 9 that yo# # ed d#ring the cen # operation to red#ce the e e3treme rate O )! +o yo# have any data to ho' the rate before and after yo# app%ied a proced#re to red#ce the high rate in yo#r com#naO 6he regiona% office re pon e are #mmariEed in 4nne3 3!
15
)#(# Planning
&%anning for 2012 cen # fie%d operation began in 2000 'ith a deci ion to carry o#t a de facto cen # in 2012! "t 'a a% o decided to introd#ce ne' techno%ogie = inc%#ding Geographic "nformation Sy tem 8G"S9 too% for data di emination and G%oba% &o itioning Sy tem 8G&S9 receiver = and to carry o#t a pre/cen # project in preparation for 2012 cen # fie%d operation ! &%an 'ere #mmariEed in a Gantt chart= 'hich 'e ob erved! Se 'ere informed by "N5 taff that p%an for 2012 cen # fie%d operation 'ere monitored and revi ed a appropriate from time to time= bet'een 2000 and beginning of 2012! 6he fir t pha e of 2012 cen # p%anning ended in 2010 'ith a deci ion on the topic to be covered= preparation of ba e map = organiEation of the pre/cen # = and e tab%i hment of the Nationa% -en # -ommi ion! 4 econd p%anning pha e d#ring 2010/2011 covered imp%ementation of the pre/cen # = demarcation of en#meration area = preparation of cen # 1#e tionnaire and man#a% = organiEation of taff recr#itment= and deve%opment of a cen # comm#nication p%an= inc%#ding a p#b%icity campaign! Bet'een 2010 and 4pri% 2012= regiona%= provincia% and m#nicipa% cen # commi ion 'ere e tab%i hed= and fina% cen # map prepared! 5n#merator portafo%io containing b%an( 1#e tionnaire and other en#meration materia% 'ere prepared for each en#meration area and di trib#ted to %oca% cen # office thro#gho#t the co#ntry! 6he p#b%icity campaign 'a imp%emented! 4 major revi ion to the p%an occ#rred 'hen it 'a decided in 4#g# t/September 2011 to carry o#t a de /ure rather than a de facto cen # !
)#)# Pre7census
&re/cen # activitie began in ?an#ary 2011 in the e3treme region of the co#ntry 8 o#th and north9= and ended in November 2011! 6he objective of the pre/cen # 'a to ac1#ire in the fie%d #pdated information 8main%y %ocation and n#mber of ho# ing #nit 9 acro the co#ntry for the demarcation of the en#meration area ! 6hi information 'a #b e1#ent%y # ed for p%anning fie%d operation 8determining the n#mber of cen # taff and cen # 1#e tionnaire in each area= for e3amp%e9! &re/cen # activitie 'ere managed by "N5 regiona% office fo%%o'ing g#ide%ine provided by "N5 head1#arter ! $ap #pdating and ho# ing #nit %i ting carried o#t d#ring the pre/cen # pha e 'a ba ed on the cartographic materia% prepared by "N5 head1#arter ! 6he &ecnolo ia Carto rafica of the +epartment Infraestructura Estad2stica ) &ecnol ica3 'or(ed for abo#t t'o year for the preparation of the ba e map = from 4pri% 2002 to $arch 2011! 6he 'or( invo%ved abo#t *0 "N5 taff and fo%%o'ed a timetab%e of activitie deve%oped in 2000! +igita% cartographic data # ed by "N5 a ba e%ine for the imp%ementation of pre/cen # activitie 'a ac1#ired from the Instituto ,eo r4fico +ilitar! 6opographic map at ca%e
1"
1A*0=000 'ere # ed for r#ra% area -ity p%an at ca%e 1A*=000 from the Servicio (erofoto ram5trico of the 4ir Force= 'ere # ed for #rban area ! Sate%%ite image or aeria% photograph 'ere # ed in ome part of the co#ntry to #pdate ba e map = to %ocate pop#%ated area = and to identify ne' con tr#ction= e pecia%%y in r#ra% area ! Ba e cartographic materia% prepared by "N5 covered a%% 3), com#na of the co#ntry! &op#%ated area 'ere provi iona%%y de%ineated in each map of com#na = and for tho e area %arger ca%e map 'ere a% o prepared #nti% the %eve% of 54 !
)#*# +emarcation of enumeration areas

-ontinenta% -hi%e cover an area of appro3imate%y .*.=000 1! (m! 6he 2012 cen # 'a carried o#t a% o in the "n #%ar and 4ntarctic territory! 6he continenta% co#ntry ha a %arge variety of %and cape = de ert area in the north= the 4nde $o#ntain in the ea t= and fore t area in the o#th! 4dmini trative%y= the co#ntry i divided into 1* Region = *) &rovince and 3), com#na ! For cen # p#rpo e = com#na 'ere divided into cen # districts= c%a ified a #rban or r#ra%! :rban di trict 'ere #bdivided into $ones= Eone into "loc#s 8manEana9= and b%oc( into en#meration area 8 ector 9! R#ra% di trict 'ere divided into localities= %oca%itie into entities= and entitie into en#meration area ! :rban di trict 'ere de%imitated by Gcen # #rban bo#ndarie H! 4 different mapping approach 'a # ed for #rban and r#ra% area ! For r#ra% area = ho# ing #nit 'ere %ocated= coded and repre ented a point 'ith the #pport of &er ona% +igita% 4 i tant 8&+4 9 'ith b#i%t/in a G&S receiver! "n #rban area admini trative addre y tem 'a # ed! 4n "+ code 'a a igned to each ho# ing #nit= from 1 to n at entity %eve% in r#ra% area = and from 1 to n at G$anEanaH %eve% in #rban area ! >n the ba i of the re #%t of the map #pdating and ho# ing %i ting= en#meration area 854 9 'ere demarcated to contain appro3imate%y 12/1* ho# ing #nit ! 54 'ere demarcated according to the origina% p%an for a de facto cen # = fo%%o'ing the criteria that one en#merator co#%d have intervie'ed one 54 in one day!
)#,# Production of census maps

"N5 Regiona% >ffice organiEed and #pervi ed map #pdating activitie and the co%%ection of data on ho# ing #nit d#ring the pre/cen # pha e! 6he #pdated map and data on ho# ing #nit 'ere then digitiEed and cen # map prepared for each en#meration area= identified by the #ni1#e portafo%io n#mber! Fig#re )!1 and Fig! )!2 ho' i%%# trative 54 map for #rban and r#ra% area = re pective%y!
1&
Fig! )!1! 53amp%e of 54 map for #rban area !
Fig! )!2! 53amp%e of 54 map for r#ra% area !
18
"n addition to the 54 cen # map for each en#meration area= map 'ere prepared for com#na = di trict = vi%%age and other pop#%ated area 'ithin the r#ra% di trict for r#ra% area = and for citie = Eone and G$anEanaH for #rban area ! 5ach of the above %i ted type of map 'ere prepared at different ca%e= en #ring a f#%% coverage of the mapped area ! "n #rban area = G$anEanaH 'ere # #a%%y identified 'ith b%oc( ! 5ach Uone 'a containing from 200 to 300 b%oc( ! 5ach b%oc( 'a containing one or more 54! 6he "nternationa% -ommi ion a e ed the demarcation of 54 and the preparation of cen # map a in genera% appropriate and in %ine 'ith internationa% recommendation 86N Principles and Recommendations para rap' 1.1728 6N Hand"oo# on ,eo rap'ical Infrastructure para rap's 7.193 7.:;9! 4 genera% practice in cen # mapping programme = ho'ever= i to # e of remote en ing data to #pport the %ocation of ho# ing #nit and the orientation of en#merator in the fie%d= e pecia%%y 'hen cen # map do not ho' b#i%ding ! @#a%ity a #rance proced#re and fie%d te t ho#%d a% o be een a important a pect of cen # mapping operation to improve the coverage of ho# ing #nit and per on ! "n addition= no y tematic map #pdating 'a carried o#t bet'een the end of pre/cen # activitie and the commencement of the genera% en#meration! 6hi may have re #%ted in ome omi ion of ho# ing #nit and per on in area 'ith %arge n#mber of ne'%y con tr#cted ho# ing #nit !
)#.# Census organi8ation and logistics

6he organiEation of the 2012 cen # 'a imi%ar to other co#ntrie 'here a Gtraditiona%H cen # 'a cond#cted= 'ith direct intervie' to re pondent made by en#merator ! 4 -en # Nationa% -ommi ion= chaired by the $ini ter of 5conomy= 'a e tab%i hed in 2010 to coordinate and #pervi e a%% cen # operation ! -en # Regiona%= &rovincia% and $#nicipa% -ommi ion 'ere a% o e tab%i hed to faci%itate the preparatory 'or(= coordination and cen # operation = on the ba i of g#ide%ine from "N5! "N5 'a re pon ib%e for cen # operation at the centra% and regiona% %eve%! 4t the com#na %eve%= a cen # manager 'a re pon ib%e for the coordination in the com#na= 'hi%e %oca% cen # manager 'ere re pon ib%e for the coordination in the %oca% cen # fie%d office ! Ba ed on 'hat 'e heard from "N5 taff= cen # materia% 'ere prepared in %ine 'ith tandard = pac(ed and de%ivered to %oca% cen # office = and ret#rned to "N5 Santiago according to the fo%%o'ing f%o' 8Fig! )!3! and )!)!9
19
Fig! )!3! &rinting and pac(ing f%o'
Fig! )!)! Ret#rning of cen # materia% from fie%d office to "N5 Santiago 2(
)#/# Census tests

4 propo a% to change from a de facto to a de /ure made by "N5 in ?#ne 2011 'a accepted by the -en # Nationa% -ommi ion and forma%%y adopted in September 2011! -hi%e had not previo# %y carried o#t a de /ure cen # = and "N5 did not carried o#t a pi%ot cen # ! 6e ting 'a %imited to te ting of the revi ed 1#e tionnaire ! Some a pect of fie%d operation = #ch a the pac(ing= de%ivery and ret#rn of cen # materia% = are imi%ar for de facto and de /ure cen # e ! >ther a pect = #ch a recr#itment and training of the taff= fie%d organiEation= monitoring and reporting d#ring the en#meration are very different! "mp%ementation of a pi%ot cen # i a 'ide%y accepted practice and i internationa%%y recommended 86N Principles and Recommendations para rap' 1.19:9! "t i a main mi%e tone to eva%#ate the 1#a%ity of cen # operation 86N Principles and Recommendations para rap' 1.;709! 4 pi%ot cen # 'o#%d have a% o #pported to mea #re the %eve% of participation and the re pon e rate of the pop#%ation= and the appropriate # e of the concept of G# #a% re identH 'hich characteriEe a de /ure cen # !
)#0# Staff recruitment and training

5n#merator 'ere recr#ited 'ith the a i tance of an e3terna% private company that provided %i t of candidate for different po ition ba ed on criteria and proced#re pecified by "N5! -ontract 'ith fie%d taff 'ere made by "N5 regiona% office = 'ho #pervi ed the recr#itment of the taff! "n tota%= abo#t 1*=000 taff 'ere recr#ited= abo#t 11=000 f#%% time en#merator = 2=*00 part/time en#merator = 1=.00 #pervi or and 3.0 %oca% cen # manager ! 5ven 'ith 20D of taff p%anned a re erve= in ome area of the co#ntry many en#merator re igned d#ring the en#meration period and ome %oca% cen # office faced diffic#%tie to rep%ace them! 6raining for "N5 taff 'a carried o#t in ?an#ary 2012! 6raining for #pervi or and en#merator 'a carried o#t in $arch and ear%y 4pri% 2012! 6he training fo%%o'ed a Gca cadeH approach! S#pervi or and f#%% time en#merator received * day training! &art/ time en#merator received 3 day on%y of training!
)#10# !numeration
6he en#meration tarted on 2 4pri% 2012! "n ome area of the co#ntry it contin#ed thro#gh end ?#%y 2012= a period of a%mo t ) month 8 ection 39! 6he cen # en#merator canva ed the ho# ing #nit in their a igned en#meration area = ma(ing change to the pre/cen # ho# ing #nit %i t 'hen needed= a e3p%ained in the in tr#ction man#a% !
21
+#ring o#r fie%d vi it 'e 'a%(ed 'ith the "N5 taff to ob erve ho' the cen # 'a carried o#t! Se too( the materia% that an en#merator 'o#%d carry to an en#meration area! Se # ed map to identify the e%ected en#meration area and fo#nd the point at 'hich the en#merator 'a #ppo ed to begin the en#meration!
Se compared the ho# ing #nit on the map 'ith the ho# ing #nit on the gro#nd to ee that the t'o 'ere con i tent 'ith the map! Se compared the pre/cen # %i t of ho# ing #nit 'ith the cen # %i t! "n the area 'e vi ited= 'e did not find incon i tencie or omitted #nit ! "n en#meration area 'e ob erved that a n#mber of ho# ing #nit 'ere added to the pre/%i ting! Se noticed a% o that cen # en#merator added correct%y n#mber ho# ing #nit that 'ere not %i ted d#ring the pre/%i t operation ! Se 'ere to%d by "N5 regiona% taff= ho'ever= that in ome area the map had ome prob%em = #ch a ome neighboring com#na having over%apping bo#ndarie = mi ing or conf# ing treet name = d#p%ication of Eone = en#meration map did not corre pond to the e3pected area beca# e of ome error in the geographic code reported in the form F1! Se a (ed 'hat 1#a%ity chec( 'ere # ed d#ring the cen # operation = chec(ing the c%a ification of ho# ing #nit a occ#pied and #nocc#pied= for e3amp%e! Beca# e the cen # 'a ta(en more than a year ago= it 'a not po ib%e to chec( the acc#racy of occ#pied/#nocc#pied c%a ification! Se did ho'ever inve tigate 'hat tep 'ere ta(en if en#merator identified a ho# ing #nit either #nocc#pied or non/re ponding! Se 'ere to%d that the #pervi or 'ent to #ch ho# ing #nit to verify the acc#racy of the c%a ification! 6he ame re pon e 'a received from a%% regiona% office ! 6he regiona% office a% o imp%emented proced#re to chec( the 1#a%ity of en#merator ! "f an en#merator fai%ed the 1#a%ity chec(= they 'ere di mi ed! "n one regiona% office= . o#t of 120 en#merator 'ere di mi ed d#e to error in c%a ification of ho# ing #nit ! Ba ed on o#r fie%d vi it = on di c# ion 'ith the regiona% director = and on re pon e from the regiona% office to o#r 1#e tion on o#t%ier com#na= 'e note the fo%%o'ing factor a potentia%%y e3p%aining high fre1#encie of #nocc#pied and non/re ponding ho# ing #nit ! 1! $any ho# ing #nit 'ere b#i%t a econd ho# e for vacation or ho%iday
2! &op#%ation gro'th in ome com#na did not (eep #p 'ith the ho# ing #nit gro'th 3! Some com#na #ffered dro#ght for a evera% year that ca# ed %ac( of job opport#nitie in the area and peop%e %eft for other area 'ith betted job opport#nitie 22
)! 4 %arge n#mber of ne' ho# ing #nit 'ere b#i%t in com#na that 'ere bad%y damaged by earth1#a(e and t #nami b#t they 'ere not occ#pied yet! *! Bedroom comm#nitie 'here occ#pant come %ate to %eep and %eave ear%y to go to 'or( in another comm#nity ,! +iffic#%t acce to condomini#m b#i%ding %imited in dangero# area even 'ith po%ice
.! "ntervie'ing time 'a protection
4ction ta(en by "N5 regiona% office to red#ce the fre1#ency of occ#pied ho# ing #nit mi c%a ified a #nocc#pied and of non/re ponding ho# ing #nit inc%#ded the fo%%o'ingA 1! "mp%emented the 1#a%ity proce to verify the acc#racy of c%a ification
2! 4na%yEed the data of gro'th of ho# ing #nit and pop#%ation ince 1222 cen # to chec( the va%idity of the #nocc#pied ho# ing #nit rate 3! Revie'ed the record of the mini try of ho# ing= and regiona% government to chec( the va%idity of the #nocc#pied ho# ing #nit rate )! Fo%%o'ed the reg#%ar cen # proced#re regarding #nocc#pied ho# ing #nit inc%#ding many vi it at different day and time of the day= getting information from neighbor andCor po%ice *! S#pervi or verify each #nocc#pied ho# ing #nit for it c%a ification correct
,! 5n#merator 'ent bac( to ho# ing #nit on different day of the 'ee( and at different time of the day .! Left note for occ#pant #nder the door 'ith "N5 te%ephone n#mber to enco#rage re ident to coordinate intervie' time 0! $ore media p#b%icity to enco#rage re ident to participate in cen # 2! 4t %ea t t'o regiona% director re1#e ted "N5 Santiago if they co#%d cond#ct pro3y intervie' 'ith (no'%edgeab%e per on 10! Both #pervi or and a pecia% team con i ting of en#merator and %oca% %eader 'or(ed in high ri ( and #rban area 11! : ed po%ice protection in dangero# and high ri ( area 12! Fo%%o'ed the in tr#ction in #pervi or T and intervie'er T man#a% !
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*# +ata Processing
*#1# Introduction
6raditiona%= intervie'er/ba ed cen # e # ing paper 1#e tionnaire have been carried o#t in co#ntrie thro#gho#t the 'or%d for many decade and remain the mo t common type of cen # en#meration! 6hi ection de cribe the vario# tage of data proce ing for the 2012 -hi%e pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # !
*#2# $ethodology
"nformation on proce ing of the 2012 cen # 'a obtained thro#gh an e3tended erie of meeting 'ith "N5 data proce ing taff= thro#gh e3amination of cen # data et for en#meration area ob erved d#ring fie%d vi it = and from pecia% tab#%ation prod#ced at o#r re1#e t by data proce ing taff!
*#(# Stages of data processing

-en # data proce ing invo%ve a more or %e tandard e1#ence of tage = beginning 'ith data capt#re and ending 'ith the prod#ction of cen # prod#ct and ervice ! 6hi report pre ent information on the fo%%o'ing tage of 2012 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # data proce ing! 1! +ata capt#re and coding 2! "ncorporation of de%ayed 1#e tionnaire 3! Rectification of ho# ing #nit and ho# eho%d code )! &rod#cing per on= ho# eho%d= and ho# ing #nit record *! 5diting of per on= ho# eho%d and ho# ing #nit record ,! "mp#ting per on Cho# eho%d record to non/re ponding ho# ing #nit .! "mp#ting ho# ing #nit not ob erved in fie%d operation
*#)# +ata capture and coding

+ata capt#re= the proce of converting information recorded on 1#e tionnaire to a format that can be proce ed by comp#ter 8Principles and Recommendations V1!3039= 'a effected by g#i%%otining 1#e tionnaire = canning the re #%ting ing%e page = and app%ying optica% mar( recognition 8>$R9 and inte%%igent character recognition 8"-R9 oft'are to the canned image ! 6he o#tp#t of thi initia% tage of proce ing i a comp#ter databa e of cen # 1#e tionnaire containing 8a9 image of the canned 1#e tionnaire and 8b9 fi%e containing a record for each 1#e tionnaire ho'ing the character prod#ced by the >$RC"-R oft'are! -omp#ter a i ted coding of 1#e tionnaire te3t matter 8 #ch a com#na and co#ntry of birth9 'a incorporated into data capt#re= o the o#tp#t data ba e inc%#de code 8com#na and co#ntry code = for e3amp%e9 a 'e%% a the o#rce te3t matter!
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+ata capt#re and coding 'ere o#t/ o#rced to a private company e3perienced in cen # data proce ing! "N5 taff 'ere pre ent at the operation center 'here 1#e tionnaire 'ere proce ed to e3erci e 1#a%ity contro% chec( and to operate comp#ter a i ted coding! "N5 taff de igned and e3ec#ted a 1#a%ity a #rance t#dy of data capt#re! 6he re #%t are reported in the doc#ment *erificacin <ectura =ptica Informacin Censal= N<""" -en o Naciona% de &ob%aciIn y <"" de <ivienda 2012= "n tit#to Naciona% de 5 tadJ tica = ?#nio C 2013 8,) page 9! "N5 provided an 5ng%i h ynop i of thi doc#ment tit%ed GS#mmary of the >ptica% -haracter Reading &roce H 8provided by "N59= attached a 4nne3 )! 6he %a t t'o paragraph of thi doc#ment are a fo%%o' ! 6he tated error rate indicate good 1#a%ity of data capt#re! G"n pha e "= from paper format to digita%iEed databa e= a frame of )=,0)=.33 ho# ing #nit 'ere # ed= and it 'a e timated according to the amp%e that 0!1)D pre ented prob%em in term of ho# ing #nit data= corre ponding to ,=*2, ho# ing #nit = 'ith at %ea t one e%ement of data that 'a 'rong! ;o'ever= in &ha e ""= it 'a e timated that 0!)2D of the ho# ing #nit #ffered from ome data error 812=*,) ho# ing #nit 9! G"n term of # #a% re ident = 'here the frame # ed corre ponded to information for 1*=,01=023 inhabitant = it 'a e timated that there 'ere error in the data for per on in &ha e " and "" of 0!22D and 0!.2D= re pective%y= corre ponding to )*=0,. per on 'ith at %ea t one data error in &ha e "= and 113=)31 per on in &ha e ""!
*#*# Incorporation of delayed 1uestionnaires

6he en#meration p%an inc%#ded a provi ion for Gc%o ingH portafo%io for 54 'hen en#meration of the 54 'a deemed comp%ete! 4 fie%d operation proceeded= ho'ever= a deci ion 'a made to Gre/openH ome 54 = 'ith en#merator ret#rning to the fie%d to rene' attempt to carry o#t intervie' for per on in ho# ing #nit #nit that had been c%a ified a non/re ponding! 6hi re1#ired deve%opment of comp#ter program to incorporate the re #%ting Gde%ayed 1#e tionnaire H into the data capt#re databa e= en #ring no d#p%ication of 1#e tionnaire ! 6hi incorporation 'a ba ed primari%y on the treet addre information contained in Section 4 8"dentification9 of the main cen # 1#e tionnaire! 6he o#tp#t of thi tage 'a the databa e that 'o#%d= if the origina% en#meration p%an had been fo%%o'ed= re #%ted from data capt#re and coding!
*#,# Rectification of housing unit and household codes

6he principa% #nit of en#meration in a pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # are per on = ho# eho%d and %iving 1#arter 8Principles and Recommendations -hapter <= Section 4= G:nit of en#merationH= paragraph 1!))2/1!),09!
25
6he data capt#re databa e con i t of 1#e tionnaire record ! 6he information on 1#e tionnaire record m# t be tran formed into information on record for per on = ho# eho%d = and ho# ing #nit for f#rther proce ing! $o t ho# ing #nit are occ#pied by a ing%e ho# eho%d of i3 or fe'er per on = and for the e ho# ing #nit and ho# eho%d there i a one/to/one corre pondence bet'een ho# ing #nit = ho# eho%d = and 1#e tionnaire ! 4 ho# ing #nit may be occ#pied by t'o or more ho# eho%d = ho'ever= and a ho# eho%d may have more than i3 member ! 6he e condition may occ#r in combination! &er on and ho# eho%d record for ho# eho%d of more than i3 per on m# t be created by merging the information from 'hatever n#mber of 1#e tionnaire re1#ired to en#merate ho# eho%d member 8one 1#e tionnaire for every i3 per on 9! Record for ho# ing #nit m# t be e3tracted from the m#%tip%e 1#e tionnaire # ed 'hen= for 'hatever rea on= there i more than one 1#e tionnaire for the ho# ing #nit! 6he e operation are effected # ing the ho# ing #nit and ho# eho%d code in Section 4 8"dentification9 of the main cen # 1#e tionnaire! Before thi can be done= ho'ever= mi ing ho# ing #nit code and ho# eho%d code m# t be #pp%ied and incorrect code corrected! 6hat i the p#rpo e of thi GrectificationH tage! 6he o#tp#t of thi tage i a 1#e tionnaire databa e 'ith the ame format a the inp#t databa e= b#t 'ith ho# ing #nit and ho# eho%d code corrected!
*#.# Producing person& household and housing unit records

6hi proce ta(e 1#e tionnaire record 'ith rectified ho# ing #nit and ho# eho%d code a inp#t and prod#ce i3 type of record a o#tp#t! 6he i3 record type are 1! 5n#meration area geocode 8via portafo%io barcode n#mber9 2! Street addre 8Section 49 3! ;o# ing variab%e 8Section B9 )! ;o# eho%d variab%e 8Section -9 *! ;o# eho%d ro ter 8Section +9 ,! &er on variab%e 8Section 59 4%% record are inc%#ded in a ing%e fi%e= 'ith record type code in the fir t po ition identifying the record type!
*#/# !diting for inconsistencies and missing alues

5diting refer here to 8a9 identifying and rectifying incon i tencie in per on= ho# eho%d= and ho# ing #nit record and 8b9 #pp%ying mi ing va%#e for e%ected variab%e by imp#tation or other mean ! 5diting 'a carried o#t # ing -S&roN from Serpro "nformation Sy tem 5ngineering 8 erpro!com9! 5diting pecification are contained in the fo%%o'ing doc#ment !
2"
+etodolo 2a de *alidacin e Imputacin para el +dulo de Po"lacin! <er iIn Fina%= 4ct#a%iEada e% 20C0C2013! +etodolo 2a de *alidacin e Imputacin para el +dulo de Po"lacin Colectiva! <er iIn Fina%= 4ct#a%iEada e% 20C0C2013! +etodolo 2a de *alidacin e Imputacin para los +dulos de *ivienda ) Ho ar! <er iIn Fina%= 4ct#a%iEada e% )C.C2013! Griffith Feeney and Rajendra Singh met 'ith the "N5 data proce ing taff re pon ib%e for the editing to revie' editing for incon i tencie and mi ing va%#e ! 4 %imited revie' of the fir t of the e doc#ment = +etodolo 2a de *alidacin e Imputacin para el +dulo de Po"lacin= 'a made d#ring thi meeting! Se fo#nd the approach to the deve%opment of the editing pecification genera%%y in accordance 'ith the :nited Nation Hand"oo# on Population and Housin Census Editin ! Se did not e3amine edit pecification for individ#a% variab%e = nor did 'e a certain the %eve% of invo%vement of "N5 #bject matter taff e3perti e in the deve%opment of the edit !
*#0# Imputation for non7responding housing units

Non/re ponding ho# ing #nit 8Gvivienda partic#%are per ona a# ente H9 are ho# ing #nit that 'ere identified a occ#pied d#ring the en#meration= b#t for 'hich= de pite repeated vi it = it 'a not po ib%e to comp%ete an intervie' 'ith a 1#a%ified occ#pant! ;o# ing #nit non/re pon e may occ#r beca# e occ#pant ref# e to come to the door= come to the door b#t ref# e to be intervie'ed= or cannot be fo#nd at home by en#merator ! 6he :nited Nation Hand"oo# on Population and Housin Census Editin addre e the i #e of non/re ponding ho# ing #nit a fo%%o' ! G"f no pop#%ation record appear for 'hat i #ppo ed to be an occ#pied #nit= then the editing team m# t decide 'hether to co#nt it a a vacant #nit or #b tit#te per on from another #nit! !!! "f the #nit i occ#pied= ho'ever= then the editing team m# t decide 'hether and ho' to a ign per on from another #nit 'ith the ame n#mber of per on = 'ith imi%ar characteri tic = if po ib%e! Since it i impo ib%e to (no' the characteri tic of mi ing per on = thi method ho#%d be # ed= if at a%%= on%y 'hen the editing team decide it ha no other a%ternative! 8-hapter """= Section += #b/ ection 1= G<acant and occ#pied ho# ingH= page *)= paragraph 2**9!
G&roced#re for #b tit#ting 'ho%e ho# eho%d or individ#a% mi ing per on are de cribed e% e'here in thi chapter! 6he e proced#re re1#ire a #ming that the mi ing per on have the ame characteri tic a the #b tit#ted per on = 'hich i a%mo t certain%y not # #a%%y the ca e= and the proced#re them e%ve are very diffic#%t! Sti%%= 'itho#t the e proced#re =
2&
the co#nt of n#mber of per on = and per on by characteri tic= may decrea e! 8 ame= paragraph 2*09
G!!! Severa% mean are avai%ab%e for adding mi ing ho# eho%d 'hen it i c%ear that they are in fact mi ing and need to be #pp%ied! >ne method i to imp%y d#p%icate the previo# ho# eho%d! ;o'ever= if the n#mber of peop%e in the ho# eho%d i (no'n= a i often the ca e 8even if their characteri tic are not (no'n9= it i po ib%e to 'or( bac('ard and d#p%icate the previo# #nit 'ith the ame n#mber of peop%e! Simi%ar%y= if yo# (no' the age and e3 of the ho# eho%d member = that information can be of a i tance in obtaining a #b tit#te ho# e! "t i not advi ab%e to try to # e hot dec( imp#tation to create information abo#t ho# eho%d member = ince thi method often prod#ce variab%e incon i tent 'ith each other! 8 ame= paragraph 2,19! Shen ho# eho%d and per on are imp#ted to non/re ponding ho# ing #nit #nit = the genera% approach i to earch for a GdonorH ho# ing #nit 'ho e occ#pant are con idered %i(e%y to have characteri tic imi%ar to the occ#pant of the non/re ponding ho# ing #nit! ;o# eho%d and per on record for the donor #nit are then copied to the non/re ponding #nit= either a they occ#r in the donor #nit or 'ith va%#e of pecified variab%e et to Gmi ingH! "mp%ementation of thi proced#re re1#ire vario# deci ion that may be made different%y for different cen # e = g#ided by the princip%e that occ#pant of donor #nit ho#%d be a imi%ar a po ib%e to occ#pant in non/re ponding #nit ! For the -hi%e 2012 cen # = for e3amp%e= it 'a re1#ired that donor ho# ing #nit be of the ame ho# ing #nit type a the non/re ponding #nit! 6ype of ho# ing #nit i item 2 in ection B of the main cen # 1#e tionnaire! 6here are 12 ho# ing #nit type A detached ho# e= emi/detached ho# e= apartment in b#i%ding 'ith e%evator= apartment in b#i%ding 'itho#t e%evator= traditiona% indigeno# ho# ing #nit= room in o%d ho# e or tenement= hac( or precario# abode= ranch or h#t= precario# ho# ing #nit made 'ith re# edCrecyc%ed materia% = mobi%e home= and other! For the 2012 cen # "N5 decided to imp#te ho# eho%d and per on to non/re ponding ho# ing #nit ! 6he proced#re i de cribed in a doc#ment provided by "N5= in 5ng%i h= tit%ed G"mp#tation of >cc#pied ;o# ing :nit 'ith 4b ent "nhabitant H! 6hi doc#ment i attached a 4nne3 *! Se di c# ed the imp#tation proced#re de cribed in thi doc#ment in detai% d#ring a meeting 'ith "N5 data proce ing taff! Se conc%#ded that if "N5 decide to imp#te ho# eho%d and per on to non/re ponding ho# eho%d = the method de cribed in thi doc#ment i acceptab%e!
28
*#10# Imputation for unobser ed housing units

Fo%%o'ing editing for incon i tencie and mi ing va%#e and imp#tation of ho# eho%d and per on to non/re ponding ho# ing #nit = a f#rther imp#tation 'a carried o#t! 53amination of gro'th rate of pop#%ation and ho# ing #nit bet'een the 2002 cen # = the 2011 pre/cen # = and the 2012 cen # #gge ted that ome ho# ing #nit 'ere not capt#red d#ring the en#meration! 4 deci ion 'a made to imp#te the e #nob erved ho# ing #nit = and then to imp#te ho# eho%d and per on to the imp#ted ho# ing #nit fo%%o'ing a proced#re imi%ar to that # ed to imp#te ho# eho%d and per on to non/ re ponding ho# ing #nit #nit ! 6he imp#tation of ho# ing #nit that 'ere not ob erved in cen # fie%d operation = and of then imp#ting ho# eho%d and per on to the e imp#ted ho# ing #nit = i not a genera%%y recogniEed internationa% practice! Se find no mention of it in the :nited Nation Hand"oo# on Population and Housin Census Editin ! Se recommend that thi imp#tation not be part of proce ing of the 2012 cen # re #%t !
*#11# Calculation of missing alue rates

$i ing va%#e rate for the vario# (ind of information co%%ected in a cen # or #rvey are an important generic indicator of data 1#a%ity! $i ing va%#e rate for mo t 2012 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # variab%e are pre ented in #b ection *!12 a evidence of the 1#a%ity of fie%d operation ! 6hi ection de cribe the ca%c#%ation of mi ing va%#e rate ! For variab%e that app%y to a%% per on = %i(e age= e3= and re%ation to head of ho# eho%d= the ca%c#%ation of mi ing va%#e rate genera%%y po e no diffic#%ty! 6he rate for any variab%e i imp%y 8a9 the n#mber of record in the data et that contain no va%#e for the variab%e divided by 8b9 the tota% n#mber of record in the data et! Some variab%e = ho'ever= are defined on%y for #bgro#p of per on = the e #bgro#p being defined by the va%#e of other variab%e ! Given the 2012 main cen # 1#e tionnaire de ign= 'hich i not #n# #a% in thi re pect= G-o#ntry of birthH= for e3amp%e= item 23 in ection 5 of the main cen # 1#e tionnaire= app%ie on%y to per on born o#t ide -hi%e! 6he correct denominator for the mi ing va%#e rate for thi variab%e i the n#mber of per on born o#t ide -hi%e! Fig#re )!1 ho' the p%ace of birth item! "f none of the three choice corre ponding to code 1/3 i mar(ed= 'e do not (no' 'hether or not the per on in 1#e tion 'a born in -hi%e! Se therefore do not (no' 'hether or not thi record ho#%d be co#nted in the denominator of the mi ing va%#e rate for co#ntry of birth! 6he mi ing va%#e rate i indeterminate! 6here are ho'ever t'o e3treme a #mption ! >ne i that no per on for 'hom no mar( indicating one of the three code 'a born in -hi%e! "n thi ca e the denominator of the mi ing va%#e rate i the n#mber of per on for 'hom code 3= G"n another co#ntryH= i chec(ed!
29
Fig#re )!1! 2012 -en # &%ace of Birth @#e tion
6he other i that all per on for 'hom no mar( i ho'n 'ere born o#t ide of -hi%e! "n thi ca e the denominator of the mi ing va%#e rate i the n#mber of per on for 'hom code 3 i mar(ed plus the n#mber of per on for 'hom no code i mar(ed! Se may therefore ca%c#%ated t'o mi ing va%#e rate and no' that the tr#e b#t #n(no'n rate m# t %ie bet'een the t'o e3treme va%#e ! 6hi i ho' the mi ing va%#e rate interva% in #b ection *!12 are ca%c#%ated! "n thi e3amp%e there i a ing%e variab%e= defined by the code 1= 2= and 3= that determine 'hether or not there ho#%d be a va%#e for the variab%e= co#ntry of birth= for 'hich the mi ing va%#e rate i ca%c#%ated! "n other ca e = ho'ever= t'o or more variab%e may be # ed to Gfi%terH the per on for 'hom a va%#e ho#%d be avai%ab%e! -on ider for e3amp%e item )1= n#mber of #rviving chi%dren= in ection 5 of the main cen # 1#e tionnaire! 6hi information i obtained on%y for 8a9 'omen 'ho are 8b9 age 1* year o%d or o%der and 'ho have 8c9 one or more chi%dren ever born! 6o (no' 'hether a va%#e for n#mber of #rviving chi%dren ho#%d be avai%ab%e it i nece ary to %oo( at the va%#e of three other variab%e W e3= age= and n#mber of chi%dren born! "t i # ef#% to have a genera% method that app%ie 'henever (no'ing 'hether there ho#%d be a va%#e for a given Gfi%teredH variab%e depend on one or more Gfi%terH variab%e ! 4 genera% method i de cribed be%o'! For any per on= there are three po ibi%itie ! -a e 1! 6here ho#%d be a va%#e for the given variab%e! 6hi i the ca e on%y if the va%#e of all the fi%ter variab%e have va%#e that indicate that there ho#%d be a va%#e for the given variab%e!
3(
-a e 2! 6here ho#%d not be a va%#e for the given variab%e! 6hi i the ca e if an) of the fi%ter variab%e ha a va%#e that indicate that there ho#%d not be va%#e for the given variab%e! -a e 3! "t i #n(no'n 'hether or not there ho#%d be a va%#e for the given variab%e! 6hi i the ca e if neither of the t'o preceding po ibi%itie app%ie ! 6o ca%c#%ate mi ing va%#e rate in the genera% ca e the proced#re i a fo%%o' ! Step 1! -reate a GderivedH variab%e 'ith va%#e 1= 2= or 3 for the above three ca e ! Step 2! -reate a derived variab%e for the given variab%e 'ith va%#e 1 if a va%#e i pre ent and 2 if no va%#e i pre ent! Step 3! -ro /c%a ify a%% per on by the derived variab%e defined in Step 1 and 2! Step 3 yie%d the tab%e ho'n in Fig#re )!2! Filtered Variable Value Missing Total N[1,1] N[1,2] N[1,] N[2,1] N[2,2] N[2,] N[!,1] N[!,2] N[,]
Filter Variables Case 1: In domain Case 2: Unkno n Case !: Not in domain
-igure )#2# Calculation of missing alue rates

Given the co#nt in thi tab%e= the bo#nd of the mi ing va%#e rate interva% are ca%c#%ated a 819 NL1=2M divided by NL1= XM and 829 NL1=2M Y NL2=2M divided by NL1= XM Y NL2= XM!
*#12 $issing alue rates for person ariables 9unedited data:

6ab%e *!1 ho' mi ing va%#e rate ca%c#%ated a de cribed in the preceding ection for per on data prior to editing for incon i tencie and mi ing va%#e ! 6he e va%#e provide a # ef#% genera% indicator of data 1#a%ity re #%ting from fie%d 'or( and data capt#re! 6he :nited Nation Hand"oo# on Population and Housin Census Editin tate that
Shen the percentage of mi ing or incon i tent re pon e i %o' 8%e than one or 2 percent9= any rea onab%e editing r#%e are not %i(e%y to affect the # e of the data! Shen the percentage i high 8* to 10 per cent= or more= depending on the it#ation9= imp%e= or even comp%e3= imp#tation may di tort the cen # re #%t ! 8paragraph ,*9
31
%able *#1 $issing ;alue Rates 9$;Rs: for Person ;ariables& <nedited 2012 Census +ata
No. 1 2 ! + 4 6 2 & 1* 11 12 1! 11+ 14 16 12 1& 2* 21 22 2! 22+ 24 26 22 2& !* !1 !2 !! !!+ !4 !6 Variable Name [Questionnaire ID] "elation to #ead [$] 'e( [)1&] ,ge [)2*] Nationalit. Filter [)21a] Foreign/$ual Nat% [)21b0] ,5ril 2**6 "esid% Filter [)22a] Comuna ,5ril 2**6 "es% [)22b] Countr. ,5ril 2**6 "es [)220] 7la0e o8 9irt# Filter [)2!a] Comuna o8 9irt# [)2!b] Countr. o8 9irt# [)2!0] :ear o8 ,rri;al [)2!d] Indiginous <rou5 Filter [)2-] Indiginous <rou5 [)2+b] =anguage [)24] =itera0. [)26] ?ig#est )du0% =e;el ,tt% [)22] =e;el Com5leted or Not [)2&] ?ig#est =e;el 7assed [)!*] No ,ttending [)!1] Internet [)!2a] )mail [)!2b] $isabilit.>Motor [)!!a] $isabilit.>'5ee0# [)!!b] $isabilit.>Mental [)!!0] $isabilit.>?earing [)!!d] $isabilit.>'ig#t [)!!e] Marital 'tatus [)!-] "elations#i5 'tatus [)!+] )m5lo.ment 'ituation [)!4] )m5lo.ment 'tatus [)!6] Comuna o8 @ork/'tud. [)!2] "eligion [)!&] C#ildren );er 9orn [)-*] C#ildren 'ur;i;ing [)-1] Mont# o8 =ast 9irt# [)-2a] :ear o8 =ast 9irt# [)-2b] MVR 1%& *%+ *%*%1!,123 *%* 11,+3 11,!+3 *%* 12,-3 11,!+3 1-1,413 *%* 1!,113 > 1%! *%4 *%6 1%1 *%4 *%4 *%4 *%4 *%6 *%6 *%6 *%6 *%4 1%! *%& 1*%!>1%23 11,&3 *%& 12 > > >
2ote $<R P $i ing <a%#e Rate! "nterva% ho' po ib%e va%#e depending on tr#e b#t #n(no'n va%#e of fi%ter variab%e ! G/G ignifie va%#e that co#%d not be ca%c#%ated for %ac( of time!
32
6hi indicate that mi ing va%#e rate are important not on%y a indicator of data 1#a%ity= b#t a g#ide to the deve%opment of editing pecification ! 6he mi ing va%#e rate interva% in 6ab%e *!1 provide information on the %eve% of #ncertainty regarding the mi ing va%#e rate a 'e%% a information on the fre1#ency of mi ing va%#e ! 5mp%oyment tat# = No! 31= ha a mi ing va%#e rate interva% of 0!3D to 1!0D! 6he interva% i 'ide in re%ative term = b#t the #pper %imit i be%o' 2D! 6he fre1#ency of mi ing va%#e i %o'= 'hence the #ncertainty i re%ative%y #nimportant! -hi%dren ever born= n#mber 3) on the %i t i%%# trate a high mi ing va%#e rate 'ith %o' #ncertainty! 6he 1#e tion i a (ed on%y of 'omen age 1* year o%d or o%der= b#t mi ing va%#e for age and e3 are very %o'= 0!)D and 0!*D= re pective%y! 6he e %o' va%#e acco#nt for the %o' #ncertainty! 6he fre1#ency of mi ing va%#e = ho'ever= i highW10D! -o#ntry of 4pri% 200. re idence= No! 0= and co#ntry of birth= No! 11= both have mi ing va%#e rate interva% of 1/3*D! 6he %eve% of #ncertainty i o high that it i impo ib%e to ay 'hether the fre1#ency of mi ing va%#e i high or not! Qear of arriva% in -hi%e= No! 12= i%%# trate a high fre1#ency of mi ing va%#e 'ith #b tantia% b#t far %e e3treme #ncertaintyWan interva% of )1/,1D! &erhap #rpri ing%y= indigeno# gro#p= No! 1)= 'ith an interva% of 3/11D= ho' a high %eve% of #ncertainty combined 'ith moderate to high fre1#ency of mi ing va%#e ! "t i notab%e that the 'or t ca e a%% invo%ve variab%e de cribing per on 'ho 'ere born in another co#ntry or 'ho 'ere re ident in another co#ntry a of 4pri% 200.! 6he contra t 'ith the variab%e com#na of 4pri% 200. re idence 8No! .9 and com#na of birth 8No! 109 i tri(ing! 6he e variab%e ho' %e #ncertainty and a far %o'er fre1#ency of mi ing va%#e = 1/*D and 2/)D= re pective%y! "t may be hypothe iEed that the high %eve% of #ncertainty for the co#ntry of 4pri% 200. re idence and co#ntry of birth 1#e tion ref%ect a re%#ctance of foreigner re ident in -hi%e 'ho e re ident tat# may be do#btf#% or prob%ematic to an 'er the e 1#e tion ! 6he overa%% pict#re provided by the mi ing va%#e rate information in 6ab%e *!1 i rea onab%y good! $i ing va%#e rate for 23 of the 3. variab%e %i ted are %e than 2D! Some of the e variab%e are defined for a%% per on ! >ther are defined for #bgro#p = b#t have mi ing va%#e rate interva% o ma%% a to di appear on ro#nding to tenth of a percent! 6he rate for chi%dren ever born i o high a to ca%% the # abi%ity of the data into 1#e tion= and imi%ar%y for the co#ntry of 4pri% 200. re idence= co#ntry of birth and= to a %e er e3tent= foreign or d#a% nationa%ity! 6he e re #%t are regrettab%e= to be #re= and #gge t that foc# ed methodo%ogica% re earch 'o#%d be # ef#% to determine 'hether re #%t can be improved in the ne3t cen # = b#t they repre ent on%y five of the 33 per on variab%e for 'hich mi ing va%#e rate information i provided!
33
*#1(# Analysis of the main stages of data processing for selected areas
Fo%%o'ing o#r fie%d vi it 'e met 'ith the "N5 data proce ing taff to re1#e t pecia% tab#%ation of data for the area 'e ob erved! For each en#meration area in the area 'e vi ited 'e received co#nt of 6ota% ho# ing #nit >cc#pied ho# ing #nit = re pon e >cc#pied ho# ing #nit = no re pon e :nocc#pied ho# ing #nit &er on for R= +ata received from the regiona% office and for the fo%%o'ing data received from the "N5 data proce ing taff in Santiago! +1 +ata prod#ced by the proce de cribed in #b/ ection *!,! 4t thi tage the cen # data ha been proce ed #fficient%y to a%%o' con tr#ction of record for per on = ho# eho%d and ho# ing #nit = b#t no editing for incon i tencie bet'een variab%e or mi ing va%#e for variab%e ha been done! +2 +ata after editing for incon i tencie and mi ing va%#e ! 6hi proce change the n#mber of ho# ing #nit or the n#mber of per on ! 'i%% not # #a%%y
+( +ata after imp#tation of ho# eho%d and per on to non/re ponding ho# eho%d ! 6hi proce convert non/re ponding ho# ing #nit to re ponding ho# ing #nit = o the n#mber of re ponding #nit = and the n#mber of per on = 'i%% increa e if there are any non/re ponding ho# ing #nit in the en#meration area! +) +ata after imp#tation on #nen#merated ho# ing #nit ! 6hi 'i%% change the n#mber of ho# ing #nit and the n#mber of per on 'henever a ho# ing #nit not ob erved d#ring fie%d 'or( i imp#ted to the en#meration area! 4 an e3amp%e= for the en#meration area 'ith portafo%io code 2&+4&+2= %ocated in 6om9 com#na of -oncepciIn= the five co#nt for the five data et are a fo%%o' !
"A 1% Total #ousing units % % % % % % % % 1+ + 1* * > $1 1+ + 1* * 1& $2 1+ + 1* * 1& $! 1+ 1+ 1* * 4! $1+ 1+ > > 4!
2% A00u5ied #ousing units, res5onse % % !% A00u5ied #ousing units, not res5onse -% Uno00u5ied #ousing units % % % % % % +% 7ersons % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
34
6here are 1* tota% ho# ing #nit from the regiona% office= R== and at each tage of centra% office data proce ing= +1 thro#gh +)! 4%% 1* #nit are occ#pied= b#t 10 of the 1* are non/ re ponding 8vivienda partic#%are per ona a# enta 9! 6he R== +1 and +2 n#mber are e1#a%= a e3pected= beca# e the proce ing that prod#ce +1 and +2 'i%% not # #a%%y change the n#mber of ho# ing #nit ! Bet'een +2 and +(= ho'ever= the n#mber of occ#pied ho# ing #nit 'ith re pon e j#mp from * to 10 and the n#mber of occ#pied #nit 'ith no repon e fa%% corre ponding%y! Note that tota% ho# ing #nit in ro' 1 of the tab%e ho#%d e1#a% the #m of the n#mber of #nit in ro' 2/)= providing a chec( on the co#nt ! 6hi change i the re #%t of the imp#tation of ho# eho%d and per on to non/re ponding ho# ing #nit ! 4%% 10 of the non/re ponding #nit have been converted to re ponding #nit ! 6he n#mber of imp#ted #nit in thi ca e i t'ice the n#mber of #nit for 'hich data ha been obtained from re pondent ! 6hat there i no change in n#mber of ho# ing #nit bet'een +( and +* ho' that no ho# ing #nit have been imp#ted in thi en#meration area! 6he n#mber of per on in the %a t ro' of the tab%e j#mp from 12 to ,3= thi the re #%t of the imp#tation of per on to non/re ponding ho# ing #nit ! 4nne3 , contain the e co#nt for 11) com#na in San &edro de %a &aE and 6ome com#na in -onception! 6hi data may be # ed in thi 'ay to ee ho' each tage of data proce ing affect the co#nt of ho# ing #nit of each type 8occ#pied re ponding= occ#pied non/re ponding= #nocc#pied9! "f anoma%ie are enco#ntered= the proce may be revie'ed to ee ho' they may be e3p%ained! Se ob erved a very minor n#mber of anoma%ie !
,# Census products and ser ices

,#1# Introduction
6he :nited Nation Principles and Recommendation for Population and Housin Censuses 8Revi ion 2= 20009 tate the fo%%o'ing! 819 4 cen # ho#%d co t/effective%y meet the demon trated need of # er !
829 : er need are e tab%i hed thro#gh con #%tation 'ith e3i ting and potentia% # er ! 839 -en # prod#ct and ervice ho#%d meet %ega% ob%igation and # er T need 'ith tated 1#a%ity tandard ! 8)9 -en # o#tp#t ho#%d be prod#ced 'ith a minim#m of error #itab%e for the p#rpo e for 'hich the data are to be # ed! 8*9 Standard o#tp#t 8,9 Service ho#%d be provided for main re #%t !
ho#%d provide for o#tp#t c# tomiEed to # er need !
35
8.9 4 cen # i comp%ete 'hen cen # information i avai%ab%e in a form #ited to # er T need ! &oint 1/2 are made in paragraph 1!1*= point 3/, in paragraph 1!1.= and point . in paragraph 1!20,!
,#2# $ethodological and administrati e report

&rincip%e 3 of the !undamental Principles of Official Statistics tate that G6o faci%itate a correct interpretation of the data= the tati tica% agencie are to pre ent information according to cientific tandard on the o#rce = method and proced#re of the tati tic !H -hapter """= G&%anning= organiEation and admini tration of pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # e H= Section ?= GSy tematic recording and di emination of cen # e3perienceH= of the Principles and Recommendations tate that
"t i recommended that every co#ntry ho#%d prepare and= if po ib%e= p#b%i h a met'odolo ical and administrative report providing pecimen of the cen # 1#e tionnaire and form = in tr#ction for the en#meration= and detai%ed information on the co t of the cen # and on the imp%ementation of the cen # b#dget= a 'e%% a information on the manner in 'hich the cen # 'a p%anned= organiEed and cond#cted= the important methodo%ogica% and other prob%em enco#ntered at the vario# tage of the programme= and point to be con idered in f#t#re cen # e ! "t i important that the report be a comprehen ive a po ib%e= covering a%% tage and a pect of cen # p%anning and operation = inc%#ding fie%d'or(= proce ing= ana%y i = di emination= eva%#ation= and o forth! 6hi report 'o#%d both a i t the # er of the cen # re #%t in apprai ing and interpreting the data and faci%itate the proper p%anning of f#t#re data/co%%ection programme = inc%#ding pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # e ! 8paragraph 1!)0,B empha i added9
Se recommend that "N5 prepare a methodo%ogica% and admini trative report on the 2012 cen # = that thi report be p#b%i hed conc#rrent%y 'ith any f#t#re re%ea ed of 2012 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # re #%t = and that no cen # re #%t be re%ea ed in advance of thi report! "nformation in the methodo%ogica% and admini trative report may be c%a ified #nder three broad heading ! 1! 4 narrative report of the p%anning for and imp%ementing of the cen # = from the very beginning thro#gh the fir t re%ea e of cen # re #%t ! 3"
2! $atter of record= #ch a the cen # b#dget= record of # er con #%tation = n#mber of en#merator and #pervi or recr#ited= trained and dep%oyed= mi ing va%#e rate for each variab%e= imp#tation rate for each variab%e= p%anned prod#ct and ervice 'ith de%ivery date for each= and a cen # dictionary! 3! Reference to more detai%ed doc#mentation= #ch a cen # 1#e tionnaire = en#merator and #pervi or training man#a% = coding man#a% = editing pecification = tab#%ation p%an = report of fie%d te ting= 1#a%ity a #rance report = and contract for contracted o#t 'or(! 6he methodo%ogica% and admini trative report may be p#b%i hed in t'o tage if thi faci%itate ear%y re%ea e of the cen # re #%t ! 6he fir t part of the methodo%ogica% and admini trative report= 'i%% contain information to enab%e # er to Gapprai e and interpretH the data! 6hi 'i%% inc%#de detai% of fie%d operation and data proce ing imi%ar to tho e provided in ection ) and ection * of thi report= and it 'i%% a% o inc%#de imp#tation rate for a%% cen # variab%e ! 6hi report m# t be p#b%i hed conc#rrent%y 'ith the fir t re%ea e of 8non/pre%iminary9 cen # re #%t ! 6he econd part of the methodo%ogica% and admini trative report 'i%% contain information to Gfaci%itate the proper p%anning of f#t#re data/co%%ection programme = inc%#ding pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # e H 81#oted phra e in thi and the preceding paragraph from paragraph 1!)0, of the Principles and Recommendations9! 6hi report ho#%d be p#b%i hed before preparation for the ne3t cen # begin!
,#(# Standard tables

6ab%e have traditiona%%y been the primary prod#ct of a pop#%ation cen # ! 6he :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations devote over 100 of it ))2 page to recommended and additiona% tab#%ation for pop#%ation cen # e and for ho# ing cen # e ! 6he tab%e that can be prod#ced depend on the topic inc%#ded on the cen # 1#e tionnaire = a #bject to 'hich the Principles and Recommendations devote another more than 100 page ! 6'o vo%#me of 2012 cen # tab%e 'ere p#b%i hed= one containing tab%e for per on = the other containing tab%e for ho# ing #nit ! 6he p#b%ication are 1! RES6<&(>OS ?*III CENSO >E PO@<(CI=N 20123 Caracter2sticas demo r4ficas3 sociales3 culturales ) econmicas de la po"lacin 86omo "9 2! RES6<&(>OS *II CENSO >E *I*IEN>( 20123 Caracter2sticas de las *iviendas ) Ho ares A&omo IIB Revie' of the tab%e inc%#ded in the fir t of the e vo%#me = in partic#%ar the tab%e on marita% tat# 86ab%e 1!39= chi%dren ever born 86ab%e 3!19= and the carcity of tab%e for ma%% area = #gge t that # er con #%tation on the deve%opment tab#%ation p%an may not have been #fficient%y thoro#gh!
3&
"t may therefore be appropriate for "N5 to con #%t brief%y 'ith e%ected # er to determine 'hether the e3i ting tab#%ation p%an ho#%d be revi ed and to p#b%i h tandard tab%e ba ed on a revi ed p%an if the re #%t of the con #%tation o indicate! Shatever p%an i fina%%y decided #pon= tandard tab%e ho#%d be di eminated a print/ p#b%i hed report = a digita% fac imi%e of the print/p#b%i hed report avai%ab%e on the "N5Ccen # 'eb ite= and a tab%e/ pecific fi%e in a format ea i%y readab%e by comp#ter app%ication # er # e to 'or( 'ith the data! 4t thi 'riting= an intranet page acce ib%e on%y 'ithin "N5 provide digita% fac imi%e of the t'o print/p#b%i hed report noted above a 'e%% a 53ce% fi%e of the tab%e contained in the report = in conformity 'ith the preceding paragraph! 6ab%e 3!1= 3!2 and 3!2 in the fir t p#b%i hed report do not appear in the %i t of tab%e in comp#ter pread heet format= ho'ever= and the hyper%in( to 6ab%e 2!1 thro#gh 2!) are non/f#nctiona%! 6he Principles and Recommendations tate that &'e ba ic feat#re of the cen # i to generate tati tic on small areas and small population roups 'ith noCminim#m amp%ing error !H 8paragraph 1!28c9B empha i added9! "t may be con idered co t/ineffective to print/p#b%i h detai%ed tab%e for com#na and ma%%er area = b#t it i %i(e%y that they may be co t/effective%y p#b%i hed a comp#ter fi%e on the "N5Ccen # 'eb ite!
,#)# =n7demand tabulation ser ice

For a%% b#t the ma%%e t co#ntrie = the n#mber of tab%e that may be prod#ced from a pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # i effective%y infinite! 6hi fo%%o' from the cen # being a comp%ete en#meration of the pop#%ation= the n#mber of po ib%e geographic #bdivi ion = the n#mber of variab%e = the n#mber of po ib%e combination of variab%e = the n#mber of po ib%e gro#ping of va%#e for variab%e = and the po ibi%ity of combining variab%e for per on = ho# eho%d and ho# ing #nit #nit ! "t i therefore #n%i(e%y that any co%%ection of tandard tab%e = no matter ho' e3ten ive and caref#%%y p%anned= 'i%% ati fy a%% # er need ! "t i therefore fort#nate that the deve%opment of information and comm#nication techno%ogy in recent decade ma(e Gon/demand tab#%ationH po ib%e and co t/effective! >n/demand tab#%ation refer to a prod#ct or ervice that a%%o' # er to pecify and receive tab%e they 'o#%d %i(e to # e in rea% time= #bject to re triction nece ary to en #re confidentia%ity! -omp#ter of'are app%ication to imp%ement on/demand tab#%ation are avai%ab%e commercia%%y and non/commercia%%y! Seb/ba ed on/demand tab#%ation i one option= b#t #b tantia% n#mber of # er may not have "nternet connection ade1#ate for efficient # e of a 'eb/ba e ervice! For the e # er a -+ or +<+ one/demand tab#%ation prod#ct i preferab%e! "t i appropriate to provide both a 'eb/ba ed ervice and a -+C+<+ prod#ct!
38
6he ervice or prod#ct ho#%d provide ready acce to a%% pertinent doc#mentation= inc%#ding the report on cen # p%anning and imp%ementation= 1#e tion = en#merator and #pervi or training man#a% = coding pecification = and codeboo( ! >n/demand tab#%ation ervice ho#%d not be conf# ed 'ith prod#ct or ervice that provide acce to a %arge n#mber of pre/made tab%e ! 6he e prod#ct and ervice are va%#ab%e for ma(ing it po ib%e to co t/effective%y provide # er 'ith %arge n#mber 8ten or h#ndred of tho# and 9 of tandard tab%e = b#t they do not a%%o' # er to pecify a partic#%ar tab%e c# tomiEed to the # erT need!
,#*# Statistical briefs

6he prod#ct and ervice di c# ed in preceding ection tend to ati fy the need of re%ative%y ophi ticated # er of cen # data! 5ven traditiona% print/p#b%i hed cen # tab%e = 'ith their di p%ay of tho# and #pon tho# and of n#mber = are %i(e%y to over'he%m many potentia% # er of cen # data 'ho %ac( the e3perti e to e3tract # ef#% information from them! 4dditiona%%y= both tandard tab%e and on/demand tab#%ation are omnib# prod#ct = covering mo t or a%% topic inc%#ded in the cen # ! 6hi can ma(e it diffic#%t for # er 'ith pecific intere t to find 'hat they are intere ted in! 6hi in t#rn inhibit f#%% # e of the information re o#rce repre ented by the cen # re #%t ! Stati tica% brief are hort report pre enting de criptive data on partic#%ar topic covered by the cen # of intere t that are of intere t to partic#%ar gro#p of per on ! Stati tica% brief may be p#b%i hed in print and digita%%y on the "N5 'eb ite! Shen p#b%i hed digita%%y= it may be advantageo# for them to be in a format acce ib%e to "nternet earch engine o that peop%e 'ith intere t in the topic can more ea i%y find them! &rod#cing tati tica% brief doe not re1#ire e3ten ive re o#rce or high tati tica% ophi tication= b#t it doe re1#ire a o#nd #nder tanding of the #bject matter and of the %arger ocia%= economic and c#%t#ra% conte3t! 6o erve their f#nction they m# t be prod#ced to a high tati tica% and editoria% tandard! "t may be appropriate= and indeed advantageo# = for a tati tica% office to prod#ce tati tica% brief in cooperation 'ith tati tica%%y capab%e member of the # er comm#nity intere ted in the topic of the brief! -ooperating # er benefit by gaining acce = if on%y indirect%y= to data and data proce ing re o#rce not other'i e avai%ab%e to them! 6he tati tica% office benefit by trengthening #bject matter e3perti e in the topic and by e tab%i hing a potentia%%y va%#ab%e re%ation hip 'ith different egment of # er ! "n thi 'ay they may provide a co t/ effective approach to deve%oping nationa% tati tica% capacity of prod#cer and # er of cen # and re%ated data!
39
,#,# ! aluation studies

Nationa% tati tica% office are often identified primari%y a prod#cer of data= b#t data ana%y i = partic#%ar%y ana%y i aimed at a e ing data 1#a%ity i an e1#a%%y important ro%e! 6he :nited Nation Hand"oo# of Statistical Or ani$ation identifie ana%y i a one of the core f#nction of a nationa% tati tica% office! 4na%y i !!! ho#%d be carried o#t by the nationa% tati tica% office a 'e%% a by tho e o#t ide the Government! "t i important to the inte%%ect#a% vita%ity of a tati tica% office that member of it taff criti1#e the proce and mode% # ed to prod#ce the data a 'e%% a di c# the trength and 'ea(ne e of the data! 6hi i important for the gro'th of individ#a% taff member and for the office in it 1#e t to improve the 1#a%ity of it data! !!! 8paragraph 3029 4na%y e of the 1#a%ity of cen # data are e entia%= both for # er to (no' the trength and %imitation of the data and for the tati tica% office to %earn ho' to improve the 1#a%ity of the prod#ct and ervice it prod#ce ! 4na%y e %eading to forma% 'ritten report = revie'ed by competent a#thoritie in or o#t ide the tati tic office= 'i%% idea%%y be part of the ro#tine 'or( of the office! 4na%y i report are mo t %i(e%y to benefit # er if they are forma%%y p#b%i hed! &#b%ication tend to higher 1#a%ity report beca# e (no'ing that the report 'i%% be made p#b%ic can be a po'erf#% incentive to high 1#a%ity 'or(! "n thi 'ay p#b%ication benefit the tati tic office a 'e%% a # er !
,#.# Public use microdata sample

4 p#b%ic # e microdata amp%e 8&:$S9 i a amp%e of cen # record for per on = ho# eho%d = andCor ho# ing #nit #nit ! 6he amp%e record are GanonymiEedH to protect confidentia%ity! Nationa% tati tica% office may prod#ce &:$S for pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # e ! &#b%ic # e microdata amp%e enab%e # er to carry o#t on cen # data the (ind of tati tica% ana%y i app%ied to amp%e #rvey ! 4 &:$S for the 2012 cen # may be indicated if # er con #%tation indicate a demand!
.# Post7enumeration sur ey
.#1# Introduction
6he :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housin Censuses tate that "t i #niver a%%y accepted that a pop#%ation cen # i not perfect and that error can and do occ#r at a%% tage of the cen # operation 8paragraph 1!3009
4(
and that eva%#ation of cen # re #%t ho#%d according%y be #nderta(en to erve ome or a%% of the fo%%o'ing objective 8paragraph 1!3029! 1! to provide # er 'ith ome mea #re of the 1#a%ity of cen # data to he%p them interpret the re #%t 2! to identify a far a i practicab%e the type and o#rce of error in order a i t the p%anning of f#t#re cen # e B 3! to erve a a ba i for con tr#cting a be t e timate of cen # aggregate = #ch a the tota% pop#%ation= or to provide cen # re #%t adj# ted to ta(e into acco#nt identified error 6he po t/en#meration #rvey= di c# ed in -hapter """= Section ;= S#b/ ection ) 8paragraph 1!323/1!3209= of the Principles and Recommendations= i one of evera% method for cen # eva%#ation!
.#2# +efinitions
6he target population of a pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # refer to the pop#%ation of per on 8ho# eho%d = ho# ing #nit = co%%ective 1#arter 9 the cen # i intended to en#merate! 6he target pop#%ation i defined by the cen # reference time= the nationa% territory to be covered 8# #a%%y b#t not a%'ay the entire nationa% territory9= the type of en#meration= pecification concerning #ch pecia% pop#%ation a foreign dip%omat = internationa% vi itor = and foreign cre' of hip in port= and po ib%y other factor ! Omission refer to per on 8ho# eho%d = ho# ing #nit = co%%ective 1#arter 9 in the target pop#%ation that 'ere not en#merated! Omission rate refer to omi ion a a percent of target pop#%ation Incorrect enumerations refer to d#p%icate en#meration of per on in the target pop#%ation= en#meration of non/e3i tent per on = and en#meration of per on not in the target pop#%ation! Simi%ar%y= a app%icab%e= for ho# eho%d = ho# ing #nit = and co%%ective 1#arter ! 5rror in cen # re #%t are of t'o type ! Coverage error refer to omi ion and incorrect en#meration ! Content error refer to Gerror that ari e in the incorrect reporting or recording of the characteri tic of per on = ho# eho%d and ho# ing #nit en#merated in the cen # H 8Principles and Recommendations paragraph 1!300!
.#(# %he 2012 census post7census sur ey 9PCS:

Fo%%o'ing the 2012 cen # "N5 cond#cted a po t/en#meration #rvey= referred to a the po t/cen # #rvey 8&-S9= in #rban area on%y! "N5 taff provided information in fo#r different meeting on po t/cen # #rvey goa% = 1#e tionnaire= amp%e de ign= matching and e timation methodo%ogy! 6he &-S goa% 'ere defined a e timating omi ion in cen # and eva%#ating 1#a%ity of an 'er to e%ected 1#e tion a (ed in cen # !
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5va%#ating the 1#a%ity of re pon e to 1#e tion i a% o defined a eva%#ation of content error ! 4ccording to the po t cen # #rvey 8&-S9 methodo%ogy= an en#meration amp%e ca%%ed 5/ amp%e i e%ected from the cen # en#meration of the target pop#%ation independent of 5 amp%e! 4 econd amp%e ca%%ed &/ amp%e i e%ected from the target pop#%ation! 6he &-S methodo%ogy re1#ire t'o independent 8&/ and 5/9 amp%e ! 4% o &/ amp%e data co%%ection ho#%d be a c%o e a po ib%e to the cen # date o that a good 1#a%ity data i obtained for the target pop#%ation and hence= red#ce matching diffic#%tie ! ;o'ever= the data co%%ection operation for &/ amp%e 'hi%e c%o er to the cen # day ho#%d not adver e%y affect independence bet'een &/ and 5/ amp%e ! 6herefore= the data co%%ection operation for the t'o amp%e ho#%d not over%ap in any geographica% area be ide other factor to maintain independence! 6he &-S methodo%ogy then compare thro#gh matching operation = the &/ amp%e record 'ith 5/ amp%e record to e timate the tr#e target pop#%ation= and coverage error in cen # ! 6he &-S methodo%ogy e timate the target pop#%ation! 6he +#a% Sy tem 5 timation mode% po t#%ate that each per on ha a probabi%ity of being either inc%#ded in the cen # or not inc%#ded in the cen # a 'e%% a either inc%#ded or not inc%#ded in &5S! 6hi can be de cribed a in the fo%%o'ing tab%e!
%able .#1# +ual System !stimation $odel
Persons in Census Persons in PES Persons not in PES Total persons
Persons not in Census
Total persons
"n the above tab%e= a%% the ce%% are ob ervab%e e3cept and a%% the margina% that inc%#ded ! 6he mode% a #me independence bet'een the cen # and the &-S! ;ence the probabi%ity of being in ce%% i the prod#ct of t'o margina% probabi%itie that contain ce%%! 6h# = #nder the independence a #mption= the e timate of tota% pop#%ation i
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6h# = the tota% pop#%ation can be 'ritten a f#nction of n#mber inc%#ded in cen # = in &-S and tho e inc%#ded in both! 6hi mode% i app%ied 'ithin each e timation domain # #a%%y ca%%ed po t/ trat#m! "n practice= the component of +S5 are e timated from amp%e ! 6he ob ervab%e entrie in the above tab%e are the verified correct en#meration ba ed on matching operation ! 6he matching operation i very comp%e3 and high 1#a%ity matching re #%t are e3treme%y critica% for the #cce of &-S! 6he matching operation ho#%d identify correct en#meration for 5/ amp%e per on and match rate for &/ amp%e per on 'ho are correct%y en#merated in the &-S a a cen # day re ident! -orrect en#meration ha fo#r dimen ion // appropriatene = #ni1#ene = comp%etene = and geographic correctne ! 4ppropriatene mean that the per on ho#%d be inc%#ded in the cen # ! :ni1#ene mean that the per on i on%y once in the cen # ! -omp%etene mean that the per on ha #fficient information recorded to be identified correct%y! Geographic correctne i that the per on i en#merated at hi Cher right %ocation!
.#)# PCS sample design

6he "N5 p%anned and imp%emented po t cen # #rvey 8&-S9 to mea #re coverage error in 2012 cen # ! "N5 de igned the &-S to provide omi ion rate on%y for per on %iving in private ho# ing #nit in #rban area ! 4ccording%y= a amp%e of 22=*00 ho# ing #nit 'a e%ected to repre ent the #rban area private ho# ing #nit pop#%ation! &-S amp%e 'a a t'o tage tratified y tematic amp%e! "N5 determined the amp%e iEe at regiona% %eve%! 6he fir t tage e%ected b%oc( proportiona% to their n#mber of ho# ing #nit in 2011 pre/ cen # %i ting ! 6he econd tage e%ected abo#t 2*D of the ho# ing #nit in a b%oc(! 4n en#merator received in tr#ction to e%ect a #b amp%e 'ithin a b%oc( 'ith a given random tart! &-S co%%ected information on ho# ing #nit identification= addre of the ho# ing #nit and the ho# ing #nit type! For per on = it co%%ected the fir t name of a per on= re%ation hip to head of the ho# eho%d= e3= age= date of birth= re idence %ocation at com#na or higher geographic %eve%= highe t %eve% of ed#cationa% attainment and other re%ated 1#e tion = di abi%ity tat# = ethnicity= marita% tat# = # #a% re idence 'hen cen # 'a ta(en= and information on re ident of the ho# ing #nit! No cen # day reference 'a # ed to co%%ect information! "n tead re ident 'ere a (ed their # #a% re idence 'hen the cen # 'a ta(en 'hich 'a cond#cted d#ring 4pri% 2= 2012 thro#gh ?#ne 2013! 6hi data 'a not co%%ected to corre ponding to a pecific date of cen # !
.#*# PCS data collection

6he en#merator 'ere hired ba ed on their e3perience 'ith cen # or #rvey data co%%ection! 6hey received three/ day training a%ong 'ith their #pervi or and nationa% coordinator ! "n addition= the nationa% coordinator and the #pervi or received three day training prior to the en#merator Z training! 6he en#merator and other fie%d taff 'ho
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a% o 'or(ed on cen # 'ere not a igned to the ame b%oc( 'here they 'or(ed d#ring cen # ! 6he en#merator materia% inc%#ded &-S form = and a map of the amp%ed b%oc(! 6he map of the b%oc( did not inc%#de any %i ting of the ho# ing #nit ! 5n#merator fir t canva ed private ho# ing #nit in the b%oc( tarting from the north'e t corner of the b%oc(! 6hen tarting 'ith the pre/ pecified random tart= e%ected the amp%e ho# ing #nit for intervie'! 6he #pervi or e%ected a 10 percent amp%e of the 'or( comp%eted previo# day to chec( the 1#a%ity of en#merator Z 'or(! 6he #pervi or a% o chec(ed the entire 'or( of an en#merator if heC he # pected poor 1#a%ity of hi Cher en#merator! Ba ed on the above di c# ion = 'e conc%#ded that the amp%e e%ection= and fie%d operation inc%#ding en#merator a ignment and their materia% did not vio%ate re1#ired independence bet'een the &/ and 5/ amp%e ! -en # data co%%ection occ#rred d#ring 4pri% thro#gh ?#%y 2012! 6he &-S data co%%ection occ#rred d#ring November thro#gh +ecember 2012! 6hi de%ay in &-S data co%%ection according to the &5S team member 'a d#e to %ate deci ion to cond#ct &-S!
.#,# PCS matching methodology

6he matching methodo%ogy ha not been f#%%y deve%oped and imp%emented yet! ;o'ever= &-S team i c#rrent%y 'or(ing on it! 6he 6eam ha formed three geographica% gro#p for matching and e timation! 6he fir t and econd gro#p inc%#de i3 region each and the third gro#p inc%#de the remaining three region ! 6he fir t gro#p inc%#de ma%%er region and the third gro#p inc%#de the %arger region ! 6he matching and e timation for the econd gro#p 'i%% tart after comp%eting the fir t gro#p= and the third gro#p 'i%% be proceeded after the econd gro#p! 4ccording to the ched#%e= the fir t gro#p 'i%% be done by +ecember 2013= econd gro#p by $arch 1)= and the third gro#p by ?#ne 201)! 6h# = matching 'o#%d be abo#t 10 to 2) month after 2012 cen # 'a cond#cted! $atching methodo%ogy 'o#%d fir t match ba ed on the re pon e to 1#e tion to geography= fir t name= e3= and age of a per on! "f needed= econdary a#3i%iary item con i ting of marita% tat# = ethnicity= and ed#cationa% %eve% 'o#%d be # ed to re o%ve match tat# of a per on! Both cen # and the &-S co%%ected on%y the fir t name of per on re iding at a amp%ed ho# ing #nit! Sitho#t the f#%% name= it 'o#%d be diffic#%t= if not impo ib%e= to determine correct en#meration tat# of ignificant n#mber of amp%e per on ! 6he matching operation do not inc%#de fie%d fo%%o'/#p for tho e per on in &/ amp%e that did not match 'ith 5/ amp%e per on and vice ver a! >f the occ#pied ho# ing #nit = 2!2D 'ere ab entee ho# ing #nit in &-S! 6he cen # had abo#t 3!03D ab entee ho# ing #nit ! 6hi mean that ba ed on ab entee ho# ing #nit a%one= at %ea t 2!2D and a %arge a 12!2D of per on in t'o amp%e 'o#%d not match= hence= may not be identified if they 'ere correct%y en#merated! "n addition= many per on 'ho 'ere intervie'ed 'o#%d not be identified a correct en#meration d#e to %ac( of their
44
f#%% name for matching! Lac( of f#%% name of amp%e per on 'o#%d ma(e a%mo t impo ib%e to identify d#p%icate 'ithin b%oc(! F#rthermore= a ignificant n#mber of per on 'o#%d not match even if they 'ere en#merated on%y in one amp%e 'hi%e their ho# ing #nit 'a en#merated in both amp%e ! 6hi 'o#%d happen 'hen a per on %iving in the ho# ing #nit 'a not recorded in one of the t'o amp%e 'hi%e hi Cher ho# ing #nit 'a en#merated in both amp%e or the occ#pant 'ho 'ere %iving in a amp%e ho# ing #nit at the time of cen # have moved o#t and 'ere rep%aced by in/mover ! 6he mover rate in #rban area 'a not avai%ab%e! ;ence= it i not po ib%e to 1#antify percent of mover in the amp%e 'ho 'o#%d have moved bet'een the cen # and &-S intervie' period!
.#.# PCS field follo37up operation not underta5en

6he &-S did not inc%#de a fie%d fo%%o'/#p operation! 6hi ha imp%ication for e timating correct en#meration and= hence= omi ion in cen # ! 4ccording to the c#rrent p%an= if per on i en#merated on%y in one of the t'o amp%e = the per on i con idered correct en#meration in that amp%e! 6h# = if the per on 'a en#merated in &/ amp%e on%y= then it i con idered omi ion in cen # and correct en#meration in &/ amp%e even if it 'a not confirmed a correct en#meration in & / amp%e! 6hi per on co#%d have been inc%#ded erroneo# %y in &/ amp%e! -on idering the above information= it 'o#%d not be po ib%e to determine correct en#meration for a %arge proportion of per on in one or both amp%e ! 6hi proportion j# t ba ed on ab entee ho# ing #nit co#%d be a %arge a 12!2! 6hi percent 'o#%d be higher d#e to mover in the amp%e bet'een cen # and &-S intervie' ! F#rthermore= modifying the matching operation to inc%#de fie%d fo%%o' #p of tho e per on 'ho did not match d#ring the c#rrent p%anned matching pha e 'i%% not have ignificant pay off! 6hi i d#e to the fact that the data co%%ection for cen # and &-S had been over a year and many per on have moved a'ay from the ho# ing #nit they 'ere occ#pying d#ring the cen # or &-S en#meration! ;ence= no additiona% data 'o#%d be obtained for the e mover d#ring the fie%d fo%%o'/#p! Second d#e to the %ong time %ag= a good 1#a%ity data that 'o#%d he%p matching mo t %i(e%y 'o#%d not be avai%ab%e d#e to reca%% bia ! 6hird= ince on%y the fir t name i recorded in both amp%e = the fie%d fo%%o'/#p 'o#%d not be a #cce f#% if the f#%% name 'ere recorded! 6herefore= effort to get additiona% information d#ring the fie%d fo%%o'/#p operation that 'o#%d he%p matching and identify correct en#meration 'o#%d not be very prod#ctive!
.#/# PCS estimation methodology

"N5 deve%oped the &-S e timation methodo%ogy 'hich i not tati tica%%y defen ib%e! "N5 define percent omi ion rate a = Shere percent coverage rate i defined a No. of persons in both samples + No. of persons only in PCS 22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 : 1(( No. of persons in both samples + No. of persons in only in E - sample 45
6hi form#%a inc%#de erroneo# en#meration in both amp%e = hence= it doe not provide a tati tica%%y defen ib%e e timate of omi ion ! $ore appropriate rate of omi ion i the percent difference bet'een the e timate of target pop#%ation and correct en#meration in the target pop#%ation! 6hat i 6hi comp#tation of omi ion rate i de cribed in :nited Nation Post Enumeration Surve)s C Operational ,uidelines= page ,2! >mi ion rate obtained thi 'ay i tati tica%%y defen ib%e and many co#ntrie have comp#ted omi ion rate by app%ying thi methodo%ogy!
.#0# Conclusion and recommendation

6he preceding di c# ion ho' that the &-S cannot be # ed to e timate omi ion in the 2012 cen # ! Se recommend according%y that any ongoing 'or( aimed at thi objective cea e! "f re o#rce permit= ho'ever= "N5 might # e the &-S data for methodo%ogica% re earch to enhance f#t#re cen # e and &-S! 6hi re earch might foc# on= for e3amp%e= the fo%%o'ing! 1! -ontent error for matched per on in &/ and 5/ amp%e 2! $i ing va%#e rate for one= t'o or three match variab%e 3! $atch rate ba ed on the c#rrent methodo%ogy )! So#rce for ca# ing not match *! Shat 'or(edCdid not 'or( in matching methodo%ogy Rno'%edge gained in thi 'ay co#%d improve f#t#re cen # e = po t/en#meration #rvey = and other data co%%ection operation !
/# +emographic e1uation estimates

/#1# Introduction
6he :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housin Censuses tate that G+emographic ana%y i offer a po'erf#% methodo%ogy for eva%#ating the 1#a%ity of a cen # and co#ntrie are enco#raged to # e demographic ana%y i a part of their overa%% cen # eva%#ation methodo%ogy!H 8paragraph 1!3029 6hi ection di c# e the # e of demographic e1#ation e timate comp%etene of en#meration in the 2012 cen # ! for eva%#ating
4"
/#2# +emographic e1uation estimation

6he demographic e1#ation may be e3pre ed mo t imp%y a 819 Endin Population P Initial population Y Entries to t'e population Exits from t'e population 'here Initial Population and Endin Population refer to the n#mber of entitie in the pop#%ation at the beginning and end of ome time period and Entries !!! and Exits !!! refer= re pective%y= to the n#mber of entitie entering the pop#%ation d#ring thi time period and the n#mber of entitie e3iting the pop#%ation d#ring thi time period! Shen the entitie compri ing the pop#%ation are per on Wthey may a% o be= for e3amp%e= ho# eho%d or ho# ing #nit W= Entries and Exits may be e3pre ed a 829 839 Entries to t'e population P @irt's Y In1mi rants and Exits from t'e population P >eat's Y Out1mi rants!
Form#%a 81/39 are ta#to%ogie = meaning that their tr#th fo%%o' from the definition of their term ! 5 timate of pop#%ation n#mber ba ed on the e and imi%ar e1#ation are referred to a demographic equation estimates# Form#%a 81/39 are patent%y e%ementary= b#t they are va%id on%y if their term refer to the ame c%ear%y defined pop#%ation! 6hi re1#irement= imp%e in princip%e= fre1#ent%y comp%icate ca%c#%ation of demographic e1#ation e timate ! "f Initial Population i the de facto pop#%ation of ome geographic territory= for e3amp%e= Endin Population m# t be the de facto pop#%ation of the ame territory= @irt's and >eat's m# t refer to event occ#rring 'ithin thi territory= and In1mi rations and Out1mi rations m# t refer to phy ica% movement acro the bo#ndary of thi territory! "f Initial Population and Endin Population are ba ed on # #a% re idence= the definition of # #a% re idence m# t be the ame! "t 'i%% a% o be nece ary for vita% tati tic n#mber of birth and death to be avai%ab%e by # #a% re idence= of the mother in ca e of birth and of the decea ed per on in ca e of death = and the definition of # #a% re idence # ed by the vita% tati tic y tem m# t be the ame a the definition # ed by the pop#%ation cen # e or other o#rce of the initia% and ending pop#%ation n#mber ! +emographic e1#ation e timate for nationa% pop#%ation typica%%y invo%ve fo#r main ingredient ! 1! 4n Initial Population from the mo t recent pop#%ation cen # = perhap adj# ted for net omi ion= referring to time t1! 2! @irt's bet'een time t1 and time t2 e timated from vita% tati tic = perhap adj# ted for incomp%ete birth regi tration or other error = 'here t2 i the time for 'hich the e timated of pop#%ation i 'anted!
4&
3! >eat's bet'een time t1 and time t2 e timated from vita% tati tic = perhap adj# ted for incomp%ete death regi tration or other error ! )! Net in1mi rants= defined a In1mi rants Out1mi rants= bet'een time t1 and time t23 e timated from 'hatever data i avai%ab%e on internationa% migration! 6he demographic e timate i 8)9 Estimated population at time t1 Y Estimated @irt's Estimated >eat's Y Estimated net In1mi rants 'here the %a t three term refer to event bet'een time t1 and time t2! "f the pop#%ation i c%o ed to migration= the %a t term of 8)9 drop o#t! For many co#ntrie = net in/migration= tho#gh not Eero= i ma%% re%ative to the difference bet'een birth and death ! For the e co#ntrie = demographic e1#ation e timate of the nationa% pop#%ation may be rob# t again t error in the e timated n#mber of net in/migrant ! Form#%a 8)9 app%ie to #bnationa% a 'e%% a nationa% pop#%ation ! 4pp%ication re1#ire e timate of net in/migrant = ho'ever= and for #bnationa% pop#%ation net in/migrant may be %arge re%ative to the difference bet'een birth and death ! 4cc#rate demographic e1#ation e timate therefore re1#ire acc#rate e timate of net in/migrant ! +ata on interna% migration 8migration 'ithin the nationa% territory9 i for many co#ntrie #navai%ab%e or prob%ematic!
/#(# +emographic estimate of the 2012 census population

4 demographic e1#ation e timate of the 2012 cen # pop#%ation may be ca%c#%ated from the 2002 pop#%ation co#nt= e timate of inter/cen #a% birth and death ca%c#%ated from regi tered birth and death = and an e timate of net inter/cen #a% net migration! <ario# comp%ication m# t be dea%t 'ith= b#t the e are fami%iar to demographer and do not re1#ire f#rther mention here! 6he -hi%ean demographer 'e have met be%ieve that the vita% tati tic y tem in -hi%e regi ter near%y a%% birth and death ! 6hi may be tr#e= b#t the :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for *ital Statistics S)stems tate the fo%%o'ing! 4 far a practicab%e= 1#a%itative or 1#antitative indicator of the degree of comp%etene and time%ine of regi tration ho#%d be given for each geographic reporting area 8 ee -hap! "<9 and a% o= 'here pertinent= for vario# ignificant egment of the pop#%ation= 8e!g!= vario# ethnic gro#p 9! 8paragraph ).19 5va%#ation or performance monitoring ho#%d be part of the operation of civi% regi tration and vita% tati tic y tem ! "f thi f#nction i not a%ready a component of civi% regi tration and vita% tati tic y tem =
48
there ho#%d be a de ignation of an eva%#ation #nit 'ithin each y tem= a a component part of an improvement trategy! 6hi #nit ho#%d be re pon ib%e for organiEing eva%#ation t#die = # ing the appropriate methodo%ogie de cribed in chapter < be%o'= a 'e%% a e3terna% eva%#ation= interna% eva%#ation= pi%ot t#die and demon tration area project ! 8paragraph *2,9 6he eva%#ation of 1#a%ity of data ho#%d addre = as a minimum= t'e level of completeness of civil re istration !!! 8paragraph *)0B empha i added9 Beca# e of the importance of civi% regi tration information and regi ter/ba ed vita% tati tic = both on an individ#a% record ba i a 'e%% a in aggregated form= the maintenance of high tandard of 1#a%ity ho#%d be a major and contin#ing concern to tho e re pon ib%e for the admini tration of the y tem ! 6herefore= ade1#ate%y f#nded eva%#ation activitie of civi% regi tration and vita% tati tic y tem m# t be con idered a e entia% component of the management= operation and maintenance of #ch y tem ! 8paragraph *)29 6he re pon ibi%ity for the e tab%i hment and e3ec#tion of method of critica% eva%#ation ho#%d be ve ted in an independent agency capab%e of #nderta(ing eva%#ation! !!! 8paragraph **09 So far a 'e have been ab%e to determine= no eva%#ation t#dy providing an e timate of the %eve% of comp%etene of birth and death data bet'een 2002 and 2012 i avai%ab%e! 6he tatement 'e have heard atte ting to the comp%etene of birth and death regi tration in -hi%e are in fact hypothe e abo#t the behavior of mi%%ion of -hi%ean men and 'omen! 6o be in accord 'ith internationa% recommendation = the vita% tati tic y tem m# t provide tati tica% va%idation of the e hypothe e ! +emographic e1#ation e timate of the tota% pop#%ation of -hi%e a of the 2012 cen # may be made # ing vita% regi tration n#mber of birth and death 8it appear that internationa% migration n#mber may be too ma%% to have an appreciab%e effect9! Lac(ing the re1#i ite eva%#ation of data 1#a%ity= ho'ever= the e e timate do not= ba ed on internationa% recommendation = provide a tati tica%%y o#nd ba i for e timating 2012 cen # omi ion!
/#)# +emographic estimates of the 2012 subnational population

+emographic e1#ation e timate may be made for #bnationa% pop#%ation if n#mber of birth = death and net migrant for de facto 8for con i tency 'ith the 2002 cen # de facto en#meration9 #bnationa% pop#%ation are avai%ab%e! 6he re #%ting e timate 'i%% of co#r e be of the de facto pop#%ation= and o not trict%y comparab%e 'ith the 2012 cen # co#nt of # #a% re ident ! 4na%y e to e tab%i h the re%ation hip bet'een de facto and # #a% re ident pop#%ation in #bnationa% area 'o#%d be re1#ired to (no' ho' %arge the difference are! +ifference might be tati tica%%y 49
neg%igib%e for ome %arge com#na in the Santiago region= for e3amp%e= b#t %arge for re%ative%y ma%% com#na in re%ative%y remote area of the co#ntry! 4%% of the i #e rai ed in the preceding #b ection for nationa% pop#%ation e timate app%y a 'e%% to #bnationa% pop#%ation e timate ! 6he critica% i #e for #bnationa% pop#%ation i data on interna% migration! 6o e timate the pop#%ation of a #bnationa% area it i nece ary to have acc#rate e timate of the net n#mber movement bet'een #bnationa% pop#%ation d#ring the intercen a% period! So far a 'e have been ab%e to determine= there i no o#rce of migration data ade1#ate for thi p#rpo e! "t i po ib%e that 2012 cen # data on interna% migration might be # ed= b#t o far a 'e have been ab%e to determine= thi ha not been done! 4 potentia% prob%em i that mi ing va%#e on the re%evant migration variab%e = tho#gh perhap fe' in n#mber re%ative to the tota% pop#%ation= may be %arge in re%ation to n#mber of migrant into and o#t of #bnationa% area = partic#%ar%y ma%%er area ! Given thi %ac( of interna% migration data= it i not po ib%e to prod#ce demographic e1#ation e timate of #bnationa% pop#%ation a of the 2012 cen # of #fficient acc#racy e timate 2012 cen # omi ion at the #bnationa% %eve%!
/#* +emographic e1uation estimates and pro>ection estimates

&op#%ation projection e timate and demographic e1#ation e timate are re%ated= b#t different! 6here i a potentia% for conf# ion beca# e the ame demographic e1#ation may be # ed for both! &op#%ation projection e timate are typica%%y prod#ced by the nationa% tati tica% office or another re pon ib%e entity fo%%o'ing the re%ea e of pop#%ation cen # re #%t ! &rojection e timate for every co#ntry in the 'or%d= a 'e%% a pop#%ation e timate bac( to 12*0= are prod#ced every t'o year by the :nited Nation &op#%ation +ivi ion! Re #%t of the mo t recent projection are avai%ab%e at e a!#n!orgC#npdC'ppC+oc#mentationCp#b%ication !htm 8vi ited 10/Nov/20139= the &op#%ation +ivi ion 'eb ite! 6he inp#t to pop#%ation projection are typica%%y pop#%ation n#mber from the mo t recent cen # = perhap adj# ted= and anticipated f#t#re n#mber of birth = death = and migration = anticipated direct%y a n#mber of event = or indirect%y a rate to be app%ied to pop#%ation n#mber = or ome combination of the t'o! &op#%ation projection e timate are not demographic e1#ation e timate beca# e the f#t#re n#mber of birth = death and migration are mo t%y or entire%y #n(no'n at the time the projection i made! &rojection e timate are empirica%%y gro#nded= and great effort may be made to ma(e them the be t po ib%e e timate of f#t#re pop#%ation= b#t they ma(e no preten e of being more than p%a# ib%e g#e e abo#t f#t#re n#mber of birth = death and migration ! Shen a f#t#re pop#%ation cen # prod#ce n#mber of per on different from tho e in projection e timate ba ed on the previo# cen # = the pre #mption i that the cen # n#mber are #perior to the projection e timate = beca# e the projection e timate are
5(
anticipation of an imperfect%y (no'n f#t#re= 'hi%e the cen # re #%t are the re #%t of a recent data co%%ection operation!
0# Sampling of non7responding housing units

0#1 Sub7population sampling of non7responding housing units
+#ring the 2012 cen # 1.3=.0. occ#pied ho# ing #nit 'ere not intervie'ed d#e to either #navai%abi%ity of the re ident or they ref# ed to be en#merated! For the e re ident = "N5 proceeded 'ith imp#tation proced#re to acco#nt for the per on %iving in the e ho# ing #nit ! Since the imp#tation proced#re a #me that the non/intervie'ed re ident are imi%ar to tho e 'ho 'ere intervie'ed 'hich i not nece ari%y tr#e! 6herefore "N5 con idered to a amp%ing ba ed approach to po ib%y enhance their approach to acco#nt for the e non/re pondent ! 6he amp%e ba ed approach i brief%y di c# ed be%o'! 0#2 Sample +esign 1.3=.0. ho# ing #nit 'ere c%a ified a Gnon/re ponding ho# ing #nit H in 2012 cen # in 3), com#na covering the entire co#ntry! 1, com#na did not have any non/re ponding ho# ing #nit ! 1,2 com#na had )* or %e ho# ing #nit ! 1,0 the remaining com#na had more than )* ho# ing #nit ! 6he amp%e 'a e%ected from the e 1,0 ho# ing #nit # ing region= #rbanCr#ra%= com#na and the di trict a tratifier ! 6he amp%e to a com#na 'a a%%ocated proportiona% to n#mber of ho# ing #nit in a com#na! 4ccording to "N5= .*=.01 ab entee ho# ing #nit 'ere e%ected from 1,0 com#na to e timate a proportion of 0!* 'ith margin of error *!0D 'ith 2*D confidence %eve%! "N5 e3pect re pon e rate of 00D! 4% o= "N5 e timated imp%ementation time of ) month and 1* day 'hich inc%#de admini trative arrangement = training of taff= fie%d 'or( inc%#ding regiona% and nationa% %eve% #pervi ion= and data preparation for re%ea e! 6he e timated co t for thi approach i abo#t :S+ 12 mi%%ion! 6he commi ion revie'ed the information provided on methodo%ogy! 6he methodo%ogy in theory i acceptab%e a %ong a cen # %egi %ation a%%o' the # e of amp%ing to prod#ce the tota% pop#%ation of the nation! >#r concern 'ith the p%an i #cceeding in achieving the margin of error for mo t of the gro#p and operationa% a pect of the p%an and are brief%y di c# ed be%o'! 0#( $argin of !rror Aspect 6he proportion # ed here i to e timate the proportion of per on be%onging to a gro#p! For e3amp%e= proportion of per on ,0 year of age or o%der! 4nother e3amp%e i proportion of married per on over 1* year of age! 6he 0!* proportion i # ed to comp#te amp%e iEe ince it give the %arge t amp%e iEe! "n practice= mo t of the characteri tic of intere t 'o#%d have proportion %e than 0!*! ;ence the amp%e iEe 'o#%d provide re%iab%e e timate for a%% proportion !
51
4%ternative%y= one co#%d de ign a amp%e to get an average ho# eho%d iEe of per on %iving in ab entee ho# ing #nit to get a better e timate of tota% pop#%ation! 0#) =perational Aspects 6he percent of ref# a% i #n(no'n among the non/re ponding ho# ing #nit ! 6ho e 'ho ref# ed to be intervie'ed d#ring the cen # 'o#%d mo t %i(e%y ref# e again! "N5 co#%d not intervie' peop%e in non/re ponding ho# ing #nit d#ring the cen # over abo#t three month in pite of attempt made by #pervi or andCor pecia% team ! "t i not c%ear 'hat 'o#%d enco#rage re pondent to cooperate no'! 6he "N5 a #med 00D re pon e rate of the amp%e! ;o'ever= "N5 her e%f rai ed concern if they 'o#%d #cceed in getting #ch high re pon e rate! >ver more than 10 month after cen # = the economic condition of re ident may have changed! ;ence= the amp%e 'o#%d e timate characteri tic of different time frame and not of the cen # time! 4nn#a% mover rate i not avai%ab%e at thi time! 6h# = it i not c%ear ho' many of the c#rrent re ident did not %ive in the non/re ponding ho# ing #nit at the time of cen # ! >ne can a #me that the per on 'ho moved in have imi%ar characteri tic a the re ident of cen # day b#t thi a #mption i 1#e tionab%e! 6hi i beca# e it i po ib%e that d#e to change in vario# %oca% condition 8d#e to economic= earth1#a(e and t #nami effect 9= the non/re pondent may have different characteri tic than at the time of cen # ! 6he amp%e e timate are #bject to variance ! 6h# = the re%ea ed data ho#%d have range on e timate ! 6hi 'o#%d comp%icate re%ea e and #nder tanding of the cen # data for data # er ! "N5 e%ected amp%e in on%y 1,0 com#na ! "N5 ho#%d e3p%ain remaining com#na 'hy they 'ere e3c%#ded from their p%an! ati factori%y to the
6he commi ion doe not fee% that "N5 'o#%d #cceed # ing thi approach ba ed on the above factor ! 6herefore= "N5 ho#%d not imp%ement thi approach! ;o'ever= if "N5 decide to imp%ement amp%ing approach to acco#nt for non/re pondent = they ho#%d deve%op and te t their approach to improve ignificant%y the re pon e rate to en #re it i 'orth p#r #ing! 6he imp#tation approach that "N5 ha a%ready deve%oped and imp%emented 'o#%d be %e ri (y! 4% o= imp#tation i accepted approach and had been imp%emented by many co#ntrie ! 4%ternative%y= "N5 co#%d co%%ect the intended information # ing a nationa% demographic #rvey that i a%ready in p%ace! For e3amp%e= co%%ect the information on re ident of ho# ing #nit 'ho 'ere intervie'ed d#ring the fir t attempt= econd attempt= third attempt= fo#rth and %ater attempt by the n#mber of attempt ! "ntervie' comp%eted d#ring the fo#rth or %ater attempt 'o#%d be a pro3y for tho e 'ho did not re pond after three attempt in cen # ! 6herefore= obtain the information from tho e 'ho 'ere intervie'ed d#ring the fo#rth or %ater attempt to get the ho# eho%d iEe= e3 and other information to improve cen # ! 6hi approach 'o#%d re1#ire modification to the c#rrent intervie'ing proced#re #ch a ma(ing fo#r or more attempt to intervie' a ho# ing 52
#nit= recording and capt#ring additiona% information b#t 'o#%d not be a major change! 4% o= the e3i ting #rvey 1#e tionnaire doe not have to be changed! "n tead create a form to record %imited information needed to improve the cen # ! 5ven if the a%ternative approach i not # ed for 2012 cen # = it 'o#%d be important information for de igning f#t#re "N5 program #ch a cen # e and #rvey !
10# Chile?s ne"t population and housing census

10#1# Introduction
6hi ection pre ent recommendation and #gge tion for the ne3t pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # in -hi%e! $any of the i #e di c# ed have been to#ched in preceding ection !
10#2# Planning
6he :nited Nation Principles and O"servations tate that 4 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # 8or a pop#%ation cen # by it e%f9 i perhap the ing%e mo t e3ten ive= comp%icated and e3pen ive tati tica% operation= con i ting of a comp%e3 erie of interre%ated tep that a co#ntry #nderta(e ! 8paragraph 1!..9 and f#rther that 6o en #re that the diver e operation occ#r in their proper e1#ence and in a time%y manner= the entire cen # and it vario# component tep m# t be p%anned for caref#%%y in advance! 4n apparent%y minor over ight in p%anning may %ead to erio# defect in the cen # re #%t and to co t%y inefficiencie in the cen # operation ! -aref#% p%anning i therefore critica%%y important to a #cce f#% cen # = not on%y in co#ntrie 'ith comparative%y %itt%e tati tica% e3perience b#t a% o in tho e 'ith a 'e%%/deve%oped y tem of tati tic ! 8paragraph 1!.09 6he demand of cen # p%anning have been compo#nded in recent year by deve%opment of ne' approache to cen # ta(ing invo%ving the # e of admini trative data and advance in information and comm#nication techno%ogy! Ne' methodo%ogie are di c# ed in Section 5= G$ethodo%ogica% approache H of the Principles and Recommendations! Given the peed of techno%ogica% change= ho'ever= other information o#rce = #ch a paper pre ented an internationa% and regiona% meeting = may be an e1#a%%y important o#rce of information! Ne' approache may appear to provide advantage for improving cen # coverage= red#cing re pondent b#rden= ear%y de%ivery of cen # prod#ct and ervice = and %o'er co t ! "t i ho'ever e entia% that the deci ion to move to a ne' methodo%ogy be caref#%%y re earched= ana%y ed and te ted! "f the nece ary condition W #ch a for e3amp%e a
53
ho# ing #nit regi ter that i 'e%% maintained and reg#%ar%y #pdated= and 'ho e 1#a%ity i a #red by thoro#gh tati tica% eva%#ationWare not in p%ace= the advantage 'i%% not be achieved! 6he magnit#de of the ta ( of p%anning a pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # may be #gge ted by %i ting brief%y ome of the area that m# t be covered! 6hi i done in the fo%%o'ing paragraph ! 10.2.1. Project planning 4 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # i an e3treme%y comp%e3 endeavor invo%ving the coordinated 'or( of tho# and of peop%e over many year ! $etic#%o# project p%anning i therefore critica% to #cce ! $ajor mi%e tone and their comp%etion time m# t be identified! "t i important to invo%ving the taff that 'i%% be doing the 'or( in each area! 10.2.2. Legal Basis -on ider the %ega% mandate and any %ega% re1#irement pecified in the %egi %ation to cond#ct the cen # ! 6hi may a% o identify the type of cen # and the year of cen # to be ta(en! 4% o= con ider and propo e change if needed for the f#t#re cen # ! 10.2.3. dministrative organi!ation Forming an admini trative organiEation 'ith c%ear%y de cribed re pon ibi%itie i e entia% for #cce f#% cen # ! 6he organiEation m# t be ade1#ate%y taffed! 10.2.". #apping and demarcation o$ enumeration areas -en # map covering the entire nationa% territory m# t be prod#ced= even if there i no pop#%ation in certain part of the co#ntry! 6he nationa% territory m# t be divided into en#meration area and a map prod#ced for each area! 10.2.%. &ualit' assurance and improvement programme @#a%ity a #rance mea #re m# t be deve%oped for a%% proce e = inc%#ding data co%%ection= data capt#re= data proce ing= and de ign and prod#ction of cen # prod#ct and ervice ! 6he :nited Nation Hand"oo# on Census +ana ement for Population and Housin Censuses tate that @#a%ity i therefore not j# t the o#tcome of mechani tic app%ication of predetermined mea #re b#t re%ie on a combination ofA 8a9 5 tab%i hed= doc#mented proce e B 8b9 Sy tem to monitor the o#tcome of the e proce e B 8c9 4ctive enco#ragement by management to invo%ve taff #nderta(ing the proce e in identifying and re o%ving deficiencie 'ith 1#a%ity! 8"ntrod#ction to Section -= G@#a%ity 4 #ranceH9 10.2.(. Census )udget Good b#dget e timate are very important for #cce of a cen # ! Good e timate red#ce major change to cen # p%an 'hi%e the cen # i #nder'ay! &reparing the b#dget invo%ve %i ting a%% 'or( that m# t be done and determining tarting date = mi%e tone and comp%etion date = and identifying taffing and other re o#rce need !
54
10.2.*. #ethodological research $ethodo%ogica% re earch i re1#ired to re pond to changing condition and to improve f#t#re cen # e ! Re earch area m# t be identified and a re earch program= po ib%e invo%ving data co%%ection= deve%oped! 4 reintervie' program= for e3amp%e= may be ine3pen ive 'ay of eva%#ating content error! 6he re #%t may be # ed to improve 1#e tionnaire de ign! "t may be # ef#% to e3p%ore the # e of ana%y t and re earcher in other government agencie = #niver itie and other re earch organiEation = both to #pp%ement nece ary re o#rce and to provide different per pective ! "nteragency agreement co#%d be made to en #re confidentia%ity of the data! 4 f#rther benefit may be the deve%opment of 'or(ing re%ation hip 'ith # er! 10.2.+. ,ser consultations -on #%tation 'ith other government mini trie and (ey ta(eho%der he%p to en #re the co%%ection of appropriate and # ef#% data! Start thi proce from gro#nd Eero! 5ach organiEation re1#e ting data ho#%d c%ear%y identify the rea on for co%%ecting it= ho' it 'a # ed in the pa t and ho' it 'o#%d be # ed in the f#t#re= any po%icy # age of the data inc%#ding the pecific po%icy ho#%d a% o be c%ear%y identified! 4% o= the con e1#ence ho#%d be e3p%ained if the re1#e ted data are not co%%ected! "t may be diffic#%t to re o%ve di agreement in a pecific it#ation! 6herefore= a% o identify the o%e a#thority 'ho re o%ve di agreement and ma(e the fina% deci ion on data to be co%%ected! 10.2.-. .esigning census products and services G6he cen # ho#%d prod#ce tati tic that are re%evant to data # er ! 6hi i the core tati tica% objective of #nderta(ing a cen # ! 5very action in a cen # m# t be directed to'ard prod#cing re%evant o#tp#t that meet the need of # er !H 8opening paragraph of :nited Nation -en # $anagement ;andboo(= page 19! +eve%op data p#b%ication p%an in con #%tation 'ith other government mini trie and (ey ta(eho%der ! 6hi 'o#%d inc%#de the data re%ea e ched#%e= p#b%i hed tab%e = e%ectronic fi%e = and accompanying doc#mentation! 10.2.10. &uestionnaire development >nce the need data i identified and agreed #pon= the cen # 1#e tionnaire m# t be deve%oped! Se%%/de igned and te ted 1#e tionnaire are critica% to the #cce of the cen # = a i determining the mo t appropriate data co%%ection method! +e igning 1#e tionnaire ho#%d inc%#de te ting of a 1#e tionnaire at a ma%% ca%e 8a% o ca%%ed hot ho# e te ting9 before cond#cting a %arge ca%e e3periment! "f more than one cen # 1#e tionnaire i de igned and te ted= deve%op an eva%#ation and deci ion p%an! "f a revi ion to a 1#e tionnaire i needed after the te t= revi e and te t again to ee if the change accomp%i hed 'hat 'a intended! >ther form to monitor cen # proce are cr#cia% for the #cce and #nder tanding of the cen # operation ! 6herefore= deve%op and te t other form needed to monitor e%ected cen # operation ! 6he p#rpo e of each form ho#%d be c%ear%y tated!
55
10.2.11. /numerator and supervisor training materials +eve%op man#a% for fie%d operation = inc%#ding man#a% for hiring= training= #pervi ion= office operation = 1#a%ity a #rance chec( = and o on! 10.2.12. 0ecruiting1 selecting1 training1 supervising and compensating $ield sta$$ +eve%op recr#iting and admini trative p%an for fie%d operation ! +eve%op training p%an and train the fie%d taff! "nc%#de practice e3erci e a a part of the training! 6he training ho#%d inc%#de a%% %eve% of taff tarting from en#merator to the director of the regiona% office! 10.2.13. .ata collection +eve%op data co%%ection p%an inc%#ding ched#%e = contingencie for #ne3pected it#ation = monitoring p%an for dai%y 'or( progre = and 1#a%ity chec( p%an ! +ata co%%ection period ho#%d be p%anned on%y for a 'ee( or o! ;o'ever= in certain it#ation #ch a diffic#%t to en#merate area = it co#%d be e3tended for e3tra day ! 10.2.1". .ata capture and processing &repare a detai%ed p%an de cribing the data capt#re and proce ing inc%#ding vario# tep of the proce ! 10.2.1%. Comprehensive test o$ all census procedures 6e t the entire cen # operation one year before the cen # ! 5very cen # proce ho#%d be te ted= beginning 'ith fie%d operation = thro#gh data capt#re and proce ing= prod#ction of cen # prod#ct and ervice = and eva%#ation and ana%y i ! 6he te t i carried o#t in e%ected area ! "t i %i(e a mini cen # Wit i ometime ca%%ed Gdre rehear a%HWcond#cted in on%y a fe' %oca%itie ! Loca%itie 'ith pecific characteri tic = #ch a #rban= diffic#%t to en#merate area = to a e 'hether cen # proced#re give acceptab%e %eve% of non/re pon e! 10.2.1(. Census evaluation -en # eva%#ation p%an ho#%d inc%#de both interna% and e3terna% eva%#ation! 6he po t/en#meration #rvey i one recommended method! +emographic e timate are another method= b#t for the e it i e entia% to have e timate of comp%etene of regi tration of birth and death = a detai%ed in the :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for a *ital Statistics S)stem! "N5 may con ider initiating t#die to e timate comp%etene of birth and death regi tration data in cooperation 'ith the other organiEation invo%ved! 6he cen # b#dget ho#%d inc%#de a cen # eva%#ation component! 10.2.1*. Continuit' 2ith previous censuses $any # e of pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # data invo%ve compari on 'ith previo# cen # e ! S#ch compari on are comp%icated by change in the topic inc%#ded= the c%a ification # ed= and the type of en#meration! 10.2.1+. Compara)ilit' 2ith censuses o$ other countries &op#%ation and ho# ing cen # e are internationa% a 'e%% a nationa% re o#rce and may be # ed for comparing condition in different co#ntrie ! "nternationa% compari on are faci%itated by adhering to internationa% tandard and recommendation ! Nationa% need ta(e priority= b#t 'here there i no conf%ict fo%%o'ing internationa% recommendation i appropriate! -omparabi%ity 'ith other co#ntrie in the ame region of the 'or%d i important= b#t comparabi%ity con ideration ho#%d not be %imited to one region! 10.2.1-. Con$ormit' to international recommendations 6he :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housin Censuses i a va%#ab%e re o#rce for internationa%
5"
comparabi%ity! 6he recommendation adopted by a co#ntry 'i%% depend on many circ#m tance = and ome recommendation may not be fo%%o'ed= b#t they ho#%d be con idered!
10#(# %ype of enumeration

Both de facto and de /ure cen # e have been cond#cted #cce f#%%y aro#nd the 'or%d! 5ither cen # can be #cce f#%%y cond#cted if it i 'e%% and efficient%y de igned= it imp%ementation i of high 1#a%ity= and 1#a%ity proce i imp%emented in a%mo t a%% tep of cen # proce ! 6he fo%%o'ing factor ho#%d be con idered in deciding the type of en#meration! 10.3.1. Compara)ilit' 2ith previous census 6he cen # re #%t are often compared 'ith the previo# cen # for vario# rea on ! For e3amp%e= po%icy ma(er are intere ted in (no'ing the ocio/economic change that have ta(en p%ace at the nationa% and #b nationa% %eve% ! 6'o different type of cen # e ca# e comp%ication in ana%yEing t'o difference cen # re #%t 'hi%e in ome ca e it doe not permit a va%id ana%y i ! For e3amp%e= #bnationa% %eve% ana%y i 'i%% not be po ib%e ince they repre ent different pop#%ation for a #b/nationa% %ocation! 10.3.2. Compara)ilit' 2ith Other Countries Si%% there be any po ibi%ity in f#t#re to compare cen # re #%t 'ith other co#ntrie O 6he compari on 'ith other co#ntrie 'o#%d hed %ight on ho' the co#ntrie are progre ing in compari on to each other! -ompari on co#%d be of migration from r#ra% to #rban= poverty %eve%= economic progre = gro'th of pop#%ation= etc! -ompari on of cen # re #%t ba ed on imi%ar type of cen # e 'o#%d be imp%er and re1#ire fe'er a #mption ! 6herefore= it i 'orth cond#cting the ame type of cen # a the other co#ntrie ! 4nne3 . ho' the type of en#meration in the mo t recent and previo# cen # for 20 Latin 4merican and -aribbean co#ntrie ! Se recommend that "N5 decide the type of en#meration= de facto or de /ure= for the ne3t cen # ba ed on an ana%y i of 'hat 'i%% be t erve # erT need a determined by con #%tation 'ith # er !
10#)# Reference time

&%anning for the ne3t pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # ho#%d identify a cen # reference time and p%an cen # operation to obtain information on per on = ho# eho%d and ho# ing #nit a of thi reference time!
10#*# Length of enumeration period

Se recommend that= if the ne3t pop#%ation cen # i not a one/day cen # = the %ength of the en#meration period ho#%d be abo#t 2 'ee( !
10#,# Census date

6he deci ion on 'hen the ne3t pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # 'i%% be cond#cted invo%ve a 'ide range of factor partic#%ar to the co#ntry in 'hich it i cond#cted! "t 'o#%d not be
5&
appropriate in o#r vie' for the "nternationa% -ommi ion to recommend that the ne3t cen # be ta(en in a partic#%ar year! Se recommend rather that the deci ion be made by giving d#e con ideration to the time re1#ired for p%anning and preparatory 'or( indicated in #b/ ection 0!2 above and in more detai% in -hapter """= G&%anning= organiEation and admini tration of pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # e H= of the :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housin Censuses! Specific internationa% recommendation on ho' m#ch time i re1#ired to prepare for a pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # are not avai%ab%e= in part beca# e of 'ide difference nationa% circ#m tance ! "nternationa% practice i #nre%iab%e a a g#ide beca# e cen # e may be ta(en 'ith inade1#ate %ead time d#e to de%ay in a%%ocation of re o#rce ! >#r e3pectation i that a minim#m of five year 'i%% be re1#ired for preparation for the ne3t pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # in -hi%e! Given the prob%em = act#a% and perceived= of the 2012 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # = 'e recommend that a f#%% cen # te t be cond#cted one year prior to the cen # = a recommended in the :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housin Censuses!
11# Conclusions and recommendations

6he "nternationa% -ommi ion cr#tiniEed fie%d operation and data proce ing for the 2012 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # inten ive%y and in detai%! >#r genera% approach= reference point and imp%ementation detai% are de cribed in preceding ection of thi report! Se received information primari%y from meeting at "N5 in Santiago and d#ring fie%d vi it to regiona% office and en#meration area in the Santiago $etropo%itana= 4ntofaga ta and Bio Bio Region ! Se inve tigated a%% important proced#ra% a pect of the cen # en#meration and the data proce ing that fo%%o'ed= a 'e%% a e%ected preparatory 'or( %eading #p to the en#meration! Shat 'e %earned abo#t the proce of cond#cting the cen # = o#r a e ment of the 'or(= and o#r reference pointT internationa% princip%e = recommendation and g#ide%ine i reported in detai% in Section ) on fie%d operation and Section *! Se ob erved that the rate of mi ing va%#e for mo t of the 1#e tionnaire variab%e i %o'! 6he non/re pon e rate of occ#pied ho# ing #nit and the percentage of #nocc#pied ho# ing #nit i not far from the ame rate e3perienced by other co#ntrie ! -o#ntrie 'ith imi%ar non/re pon e rate have # ed their cen # data! 6he report on the data capt#re prepared by "N5 indicate a data capt#re error rate of 0!1)D for ho# ing #nit data and 0!22D for per on data! 6he e rate indicate good 1#a%ity of data capt#re! +#ring o#r inve tigation 'e fo#nd evera% prob%em in the cen # proce #ch a the imp#tation of ho# ing #nit not ob erved d#ring the en#meration= the %ength of the
58
en#meration period and no cen # reference time= and have commented on them in preceding ection of thi report! Se are a% o a'are that po itive evidence of the 1#a%ity of cen # re #%t i important= b#t %ac(ing! 6he de ign and imp%ementation of the &o t/-en # S#rvey 8&-S9= a imp%emented= prec%#de # ing it to e timate omi ion of per on that ho#%d have been en#merated in the cen # ! +emographic ana%y i to e tab%i h omi ion at the nationa% %eve% i prob%ematic beca# e the eva%#ation of the comp%etene of birth and death regi tration tip#%ated by the :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for a *ital Statistics S)stem ha not= o far a 'e have been ab%e to determine= been carried o#t! 6here i no empirica% ba i for e timating cen # omi ion at the #bnationa% %eve%! "ndeed= thi 'o#%d re1#ire inter/comm#na migration data for the inter/cen #a% period= 'hich i not avai%ab%e! ;o'ever= the o#tcome of the inve tigation ho' that the cen # 'a cond#cted 'ithin the %eve% of tandard and practice of other imi%ar cen # operation cond#cted in other co#ntrie ! >n the ba i of the e finding 'e conc%#de that the 2012 pop#%ation cen # re #%t 'i%% provide information for de cribing and a e ing -hi%eT Geconomic= ocia% and demographic circ#m tance and for deve%oping o#nd po%icie and program aimed at fo tering the 'e%fare of a co#ntry and it pop#%ationH 8:nited Nation Principles and Recommendations= paragraph 1!239! 6hey 'i%% be # ef#% a 'e%% for prod#cing pop#%ation projection e timate = for re earch organiEation = commercia% enterpri e and civi% ociety organiEation of many (ind ! 6he 2012 ho# ing cen # re #%t provide information that may be # ed to a e the 1#a%ity and characteri tic of ho# ing #nit thro#gho#t the co#ntry= to form#%ate ho# ing po%icy and program = and for di a ter preparedne p%anning! 6hey 'i%% be # ef#% a 'e%% for re earch organiEation = commercia% enterpri e and civi% ociety organiEation ! Se according%y recommend that the 2012 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # data be di eminated to be t erve # er T need #ch a ocia% po%icie = ho# ing program = and commercia% enterpri e a oon a po ib%e! "t i e entia%= ho'ever= that the cen # re #%t not be di eminated 'itho#t detai%ed doc#mentation that 'i%% enab%e # er to a e the fitne of the data for the # e they intend to ma(e of it! 6he doc#mentation ho#%d inc%#de fie%d operation = data proce ing= tab#%ation and any other information regarding data 1#a%ity! Short7term recommendations@ 19 6he -ommi ion recommend #nob erved ho# ing #nit ! not to # e cen # data derived by imp#ted
29 "mp#tation of ho# eho%d and per on in non/re ponding ho# ing #nit i practiced in ome co#ntrie and not in other ! For in tance= :nited State = -anada= and :nited Ringdom # e imp#tation in #ch it#ation ! ;o'ever= there i no
59
internationa% tandard! Se recommend that "N5 decide it approach ba ed on 'hat 'i%% be t erve it # er T need ! "n ca e "N5 decide to # e imp#tation it 'o#%d not be o#t of %ine! 39 "n any ca e= to acco#nt for pop#%ation in non/re ponding ho# ing #nit = 'e do not recommend ta(ing a ne' amp%e of the e #nit ! 6hi 'o#%d be very e3pen ive and mo t %i(e%y 'o#%d be #nprod#ctive! )9 +i emination of cen # re #%t = 'ith f#%% doc#mentation of cen # methodo%ogy and 'ith appropriate ca#tion to # er on data 1#a%ity concern = 'i%% promote ana%y i of the 1#a%ity of data on pecific topic ! Se recommend that the 2012 cen # data be di eminated and # ed= a oon a the nece ary methodo%ogica% doc#mentation i ready for p#b%ication! $edium and long term recommendations@ *9 +ata 1#a%ity of the 2012 cen # may be inve tigated over a %arge period of time by ana%yEing the cen # re #%t in re%ation to preceding cen # e and other data o#rce ! ,9 Shi%e p%anning the ne3t pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # = it i recommended to devote ade1#ate time to gain (no'%edge of different type of cen # e cond#cted in other co#ntrie = in re%ation to the # e of admini trative data= and in term of type of data co%%ection= to improve data 1#a%ity= red#ce co t and re pondentT b#rden! .9 "t i recommended to pend #fficient time for p%anning and deve%oping a 1#a%ity a #rance program for the ne3t pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # = to doc#ment and eva%#ate a%% the cen # pha e and cen # re #%t ! 6hi 'i%% improve data 1#a%ity and 'i%% reinforce capacitie and profe iona%i m of "N5! 09 6he -ommi ion recommend to p%an and deve%op for the ne3t cen # a digita% mapping program in %ine 'ith internationa% recommendation and be t practice e3perienced in other co#ntrie = 'ith # e of G"S too% and remote en ing data in order to #pport the improvement of the coverage and eva%#ation! 6hi proce 'i%% re1#ire evera% year ! 29 Given the prob%em = rea% and perceived= of the 2012 cen # = 'e recommend that a f#%% pi%ot cen # be cond#cted before the ne3t pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # = a #gge ted in the :nited Nation Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housin Censuses! "n vie' of thi = and con idering the preparatory 'or( re1#ired for a #cce f#% cen # detai%ed in ection 2 of thi report= 'e recommend that a minim#m of five year be a%%o'ed for p%anning and imp%ementing the ne3t cen # ! Given that thi i 'ritten in mid/November 2013= 'e recommend that the ne3t cen # not be ta(en before 2012= and that it 'i%% be cond#cted the ame year a per the majority of cen # e carried o#t in the region for data comparabi%ity! 109 "n the co#r e of o#r 'or( 'e fo#nd in #fficient attention to # er con #%tation to e tab%i h # er need to g#ide deci ion on cen # methodo%ogy and content! 6he
"(
:nited Nation Hand"oo# on Census +ana ement for Population and Housin Censuses ma(e the point #ccinct%y in it opening paragraphA G6he cen # ho#%d prod#ce tati tic that are re%evant to data # er ! 6hi i the core tati tica% objective of #nderta(ing a cen # ! 5very action in a cen # m# t be directed to'ard prod#cing re%evant o#tp#t that meet the need of # er !H Se recommend that "N5 deve%op and imp%ement a rigoro# = y tematic and contin#ing proce of # er con #%tation to %earn in detai% their need and capabi%itie and to # e thi information to de ign cen # and other tati tica% prod#ct and ervice that 'i%% be t erve a%% c#rrent and potentia% ne' # er ! F#rther ob ervation = #gge tion and recommendation on other a pect of the 2012 pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # and the ne3t pop#%ation and ho# ing cen # are pre ented in the preceding ection of thi report!
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IC Report Census Chile Final Version

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IC Report Census Chile Final Version

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Report of the International Commission on the 2012 Population and Housing Census of Chile

2 September 22 November 2013

Roberto Bianchini Griffith Feeney Rajendra Singh

List of Acronyms and Abbre iations

3. Preparatory Wor .................................................................................................... 11

!. "ield operations ....................................................................................................... 1!

5. #ata Processing ....................................................................................................... 2!

$. %ensus products and services ................................................................................... 35

&. Post'enumeration survey ......................................................................................... !(

8. #emographic e)uation estimates............................................................................. !$

*. +ampling o, non'responding housing units ............................................................... 51

1(. %hile-s next population and housing census ........................................................... 53

11. %onclusions and recommendations ........................................................................ 58

2#2# %ime in Santiago& Antofagasta& and 'iobio

2#(# Access to information

2#*# +ocuments and maps

2#,# -ield isits

2#.# Census data files

2#/# Special tabulations

2#0# Re1uest to I2! regional offices

2#10# $eeting 3ith I2! regional office directors

2#11# International principles& recommendations& and practices

(#2# %ype of enumeration

(#(# $ethod of enumeration

(#)# %iming of enumeration

(#*# Census reference time

(#,# +uration of enumeration

)#*# +emarcation of enumeration areas

)#,# Production of census maps

Fig! )!1! 53amp%e of 54 map for #rban area !

Fig! )!2! 53amp%e of 54 map for r#ra% area !

)#.# Census organi8ation and logistics

Fig! )!3! &rinting and pac(ing f%o'

)#/# Census tests

)#0# Staff recruitment and training

.! "ntervie'ing time 'a protection

*#(# Stages of data processing

*#)# +ata capture and coding

*#*# Incorporation of delayed 1uestionnaires

*#,# Rectification of housing unit and household codes

*#.# Producing person& household and housing unit records

*#/# !diting for inconsistencies and missing alues

*#0# Imputation for non7responding housing units

*#10# Imputation for unobser ed housing units

*#11# Calculation of missing alue rates

Fig#re )!1! 2012 -en # &%ace of Birth @#e tion

Filter Variables Case 1: In domain Case 2: Unkno n Case !: Not in domain

-igure )#2# Calculation of missing alue rates

*#12 $issing alue rates for person ariables 9unedited data:

,# Census products and ser ices

ho#%d provide for o#tp#t c# tomiEed to # er need !

,#2# $ethodological and administrati e report

,#(# Standard tables

,#)# =n7demand tabulation ser ice

,#*# Statistical briefs

,#,# ! aluation studies

,#.# Public use microdata sample

.#(# %he 2012 census post7census sur ey 9PCS:

%able .#1# +ual System !stimation $odel

Persons in Census Persons in PES Persons not in PES Total persons

Persons not in Census

.#)# PCS sample design

.#*# PCS data collection

## Incorporation of delayed 1uestionnaires