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5 . 1 for
877 . 0
5 . 1 for 658 . 0
2
2
c y
c
c y
cr
F
F
F
c
(2)
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 9
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Column Formulas
LRFD Critical Buckling Stress
The limiting
c
value is given by
Where F
e
= Euler buckling stress =
Hence,
e
y
c
F
F
=
( )
2
2
/ r KL
E
( )
( )
E
F
r
KL
E
r KL F
r KL
E
F
F
F
y y y
e
y
c
= = = =
2
2
2
2
/
/
(3)
(4)
6
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 10
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Column Formulas
LRFD Critical Buckling Stress
So the limiting
c
value to be used in Eq. 2
is given by
where
F
y
= yield strength of material (steel)
F
e
= Euler critical buckling stress
E
F
r
KL
F
F
y
e
y
c
= =
(5)
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 11
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Column Formulas
LRFD Critical Buckling Stress
For inelastic flexural buckling, Eq. 2 can be
used to compute the critical buckling stress
F
cr
when
c
1.5.
For elastic flexural buckling, Eq. 2 can be
used to compute the critical buckling stress
F
cr
when
c
> 1.5.
Eq. 2 include the estimated effects of
residual stresses and initial out-of-
straightness of the members.
Eq. 2 is presented graphically in Fig. 1.
7
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 12
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Column Formulas
Figure 1. LRFD Critical Buckling Stress
Short
column
Intermediate
column
Long column
5 . 1 =
c
Inelastic buckling
Elastic buckling
(Euler Formula)
r
KL
cr c
F
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 13
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Column Formulas
LRFD Critical Buckling Stress
To facilitate the design process, the LRFD
Manual provides computed values
c
F
cr
values for steels with F
y
= 36 ksi and 50 ksi
for KL/r from 1 to 200 and has shown the
results in Tables 3.36 and 3.50 of the
LRFD Specification located in Part 16 of
the Manual.
Also, there is Table 4 of the LRFD
Specification from which the user may
obtain values for steel with any F
y
values.
8
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 14
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Column Formulas
LRFD Manual Design Tables (P. 16.I-143)
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 15
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Column Formulas
LRFD Manual Design Tables (P. 16.I-145)
9
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 16
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Column Formulas
LRFD Manual Design Tables (P. 4-25)
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 17
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Maximum Slenderness Ratios
Compression members preferably
should be designed with
as specified in Section B7 of the LRFD
Manual.
200
r
KL
(6)
Note that LRFD Tables 3.36 and 3.50 give a value of 5.33 ksi for
the design stress
c
F
cr
when KL/r = 200. If KL/r > 200, it is
then necessary to substitute into the column formulas to get the
the stress.
10
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 18
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Maximum Slenderness Ratios
More Simplification by the LRFD
Manual for Design
It is to be noted that the LRFD Manual in
its Part 4 has further simplified the
calculations required by computing the
column design strength
c
F
cr
A
g
for each of
the shapes normally used as columns for
commonly used effective lengths or KL
values.
These were determined with respect to the
least radius of gyration for each section.
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 19
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Example Problems
Example 1
a. Using the column design stress values
shown in Table 3.50, part 16 of the LRFD
manual, determine the design strength,
c
P
n
of the F
y
= 50 ksi axially loaded column
shown in the figure.
b. Repeat the problem using the column tables
of part 4 of the Manual.
c. Check local buckling for the section selected
using the appropriate values from Table 5.2.
11
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 20
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Example Problems
Example 1 (contd)
72 12 W
ft 15
n c u
P P
n c u
P P
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 21
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Example Problems
Example 1 (contd)
a. The properties of the W12 72 are
obtained from the LRFD Manual as
in 430 . 0 in 27 . 1
in 670 . 0 in 00 . 12 in 3 . 12
in 04 . 3 in 31 . 5 in 1 . 21
2
= =
= = =
= = =
w
f f
y x
t k
t b d
r r A
( ) ( )
( )
37 . 47
04 . 3
15 12 80 . 0
and
controls , in 31 . 5 in 04 . 3 Since
Text) 5.1, (Table 1 Table from 80 . 0
=
=
= < =
=
y
y x y
r
KL
r r r
K
12
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 22
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Example Problems
Example 1 (contd)
Table 1
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 23
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Example Problems
Example 1 (contd)
For KL/r = 47 and 48, Table 3-50 of the
LRFD Manual, Page 16.I-145, gives
respectively the following values for
c
F
cr
:
36.2 ksi and 35.9 ksi.
Using interpolation,
ksi 09 . 36
47 48
47 37 . 47
2 . 36 9 . 35
2 . 36
9 . 35 48
37 . 47
2 . 36 47
=
cr c
cr c
cr c
F
F
F
13
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 24
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Example Problems
Example 1 (contd)
P. 16.I-145
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 25
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Example Problems
Example 1 (contd)
Therefore,
b. Entering column tables Part 4 of the
LRFD Manual with K
y
L
y
in feet:
( ) k 5 . 761 1 . 21 09 . 36 = = =
g cr c n c
A F P
( )
k 761
ft 12 15 80 . 0
= =
= =
n c u
y y
P P
L K
14
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 26
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Example Problems
Example 1 (contd)
P. 4-25
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 27
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Example Problems
Example 1 (contd)
c. Checking W12 72 for compactness:
For flange
For web, noting h = d 2k = 12.3 2 (1.27) =9.76 in
( )
49 . 13
50
10 29
56 . 0 56 . 0 96 . 8
670 . 0 2
0 . 12
2
3
=
= < = =
y f
F
E
t
h
88 . 35
50
10 29
49 . 1 49 . 1 7 . 22
430 . 0
76 . 9
3
=
= < = =
y w
F
E
t
h
OK
OK
See Table 2
See Table 3
15
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 28
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Table 2. Limiting Width-Thickness Ratios for
Compression Elements
Example Problems
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 29
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Table 3. (contd) Limiting Width-Thickness
Ratios for Compression Elements
S
t
i
f
f
e
n
e
d
E
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
Example Problems
16
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 30
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Example Problems
Example 2
Determine the design strength
c
P
n
of the
axially loaded column shown in the figure if
KL = 19 ft and 50 ksi steel is used.
20
2
1
PL
y
x
x
in 12
42.7 MC18
in 50 . 18
C] of back from in 877 . 0
, in 3 . 14 , in 554
in, 0 . 18 , in 6 . 12 [
4 4
2
=
= =
= =
x
I I
d A
y x
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 31
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Example Problems
Example 2 (contd)
( )
( )( ) ( )( )
in 87 . 6
2 . 35
5 . 9 6 . 12 2 25 . 0 20 0.5
top from
in 2 . 35 6 . 12 2
2
1
20
2
=
+
=
= + |
.
|
\
|
=
y
A
( ) ( ) | |
( )
( )
( ) ( ) | |
( )
in 64 . 6
2 . 35
1554
in 92 . 6
2 . 35
1688
in 1554
12
20 5 . 0
877 . 0 6 6 . 12 2 3 . 14 2
in 688 , 1 25 . 0 69 . 6 10
12
5 . 0 20
69 . 6 25 . 9 6 . 12 2 554 2
4
3
2
4 2
3
2
= = =
= = =
= + + + =
= + + + =
A
I
r
A
I
r
I
I
y
y
x
x
y
x
Controls
17
CHAPTER 5d. INTRODUCTION TO AXIALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Slide No. 32
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Example Problems
Example 2 (contd)
For KL/r = 34 and 35, Table 3-50 of the
LRFD Manual, Page 16.I-145, gives
respectively the following values for
c
F
cr
:
39.1 ksi and 38.9 ksi
( )
34 . 34
64 . 6
19 12
=
= =
y
r
KL
r
KL
ksi 03 . 39
34 35
34 34 . 34
1 . 39 9 . 38
1 . 39
9 . 38 35
34 . 34
1 . 39 34
=
cr c
cr c
cr c
F
F
F
= |
.
|
\
|
=
= |
.
|
\
|
y
x
r
KL
r
KL
Governs
( ) k 938 5 . 26 4 . 35
ksi 4 . 35 gives 50 - 3 Table , 50 03 . 50
c
c
= = =
= =
g cr c n
cr
A F P
F
r
KL
n c
n c
n c
P
P
P