UE Timers & Constants In RRC Ideal Mode & Connected Mode

UE Timer and Constant:

The following settings can only be changed when call status is Idle .

T300 RRC Conn Req Retransmit Timer

This setting determines how long the UE waits for the RRC Connection Setup after sending an RRC Connection Setup Request. T3 can be set to one of the following !alues" # $ % $ & $ ' $ '( $ '# $ '% $ '& $ ( $3 $# $% $& ms.

N300 RRC Conn Req Max Retransmits

This setting specifies the ma)imum number of retransmissions of the RRC Connection Request message. *3 can be set to any integer !alue from to +.

T312 Link Establishment Timer (Idle)

This setting determines how long the UE waits for an *3'( ,in-sync, indication from layer ' when establishing a dedicated channel and the connection status is Idle. T3'( can be set to any integer !alue from ' to '.. T312 Link Establishment Timer (Conne ted) This setting determines how long the UE waits for an *3'( ,in-sync, indication from layer ' when establishing a dedicated channel in connected status. The !alue is not used. N312 Link Establishment In!"#n Co$nt (Idle) This setting specifies the number of , in-syncs, required when establishing a dedicated channel when the connection status is Idle. *3'( can be set to one of the following !alues" '$ ($ #$ ' $ ( $ . $ ' $ ( $ # $ % $ & $ ' .

N312 Link Establishment In!"#n Co$nt (Conn%)

This setting specifies the number of , in-syncs, required when establishing a dedicated channel in connected status. *3'( can be set to one of the following !alues" '$ ($ #$ ' $ ( $ . $ ' $ ( $ # $ % $ & $ ' .

T313 &$t!o'!"#n Re e(tion Timer

3/00 TS (..33' &...% states that after recei!ing *3'3 consecuti!e ,out of sync, indications from layer$ the UE shall start the T3'3 timer. Upon recei!ing *3'. successi!e ,in sync,

indications from layer '$ the UE shall stop and reset the T3'3 timer. If T3'3 e)pires$ a ,Radio 1in2 failure, has occurred$ and the UE shall drop the call. N313 "$ essi)e &$t!&'!"#n Re e(tion Max *3'3 specifies the ma)imum number of successi!e ,out of sync, recei!ed from 1'. *3'3 can be set to one of the following integer !alues" '$ ($ #$ ' $ ( $ . $ ' $ ( .

N31* "$

essi)e In!"#n Re e(tion Co$nter

*3'. specifies the ma)imum number of successi!e ,in sync, recei!ed from 1' during T3'3 is acti!ated. *3'. can be set to one of the following integer !alues" '$ ($ #$ ' $ ( $ . $ ' $ ( $ # $ % $ & $' .

T30+ RRC Conn Release Com( Retransmit Timer

T3 & specifies the time between the transmissions of RRC Connection Release Complete message. N30+ RRC Conn Release Com( Max Retransmits *3 & specifies the ma)imum number of retransmissions of the RRC CONNECTION RELEASE COMPLETE message. T3212 ,eriodi Lo ation -(date Timer T3('( specifies how often the UE will perform the periodic location update procedure. It is signaled in SI3'. 4hen T3('( is set to 5ero$ the UE will regard the timer to be infinite.

Interview Question & Answer For 3G / WC MA / UMT!

UMTS interview questions: 1) What are the RRC states? a. Cell DCH b. Cell FACH c. Cell PCH d. URA PCH 2) Describe different RRC States? a. Cell DCH: When UE is s itched !"# it ass$%es the CE&&'DCH State b( defa$lt. )t e*ists hen UE reall( re+$ires U&,D& dedicated res-$rce. UE is characteri.ed at cell le/el acc-rdin0 t- its c$rrent Acti/e set. &-0ical channels DCCH1D2CH are %a33ed t- trans3-rt channel DCH. E.0. 4-ice call5CS)# 4ide- tele3h-n(5CS1PS) b. Cell FACH: 2his ha33ens hen# 51) UE d-esn6t re+$ire c-ntin$-$s circ$it c-nnecti-n ith n, # b$t D& 3ac7ets ill -r7. 58) UE is f-rced t- release the n, res-$rces t- decrease the c-n0esti-n 3r-ble%s 5fli39 fl-3 bet een DCH and FACH). 5:) E/ent$al l-cati-n $3dates t- s$33-rt CE&&'PCH and URA'PCH states 5fli39fl-3 bet een FACH and PCH). E.0. Call -n h-ld5CS)# File d- nl-adin05PS) "- dedicated U&,D& is 3r-/ided. H- e/er# UE ill 7ee3 %-nit-rin0 t- D& c-%%-n trans3-rt channel FACH ;c-ntin$-$sl(6 and recei/es 3ac7et data %eant f-r UE itself. When U& trans%issi-n is re+$ired# it $ses RACH f-r 198 fra%es -r CPCH f-r fe %-re fra%es# de3endin0 -n c-%%-n access 3r-ced$res< still U& trans%issi-n ill be ;disc-ntin$-$s6. UE is 7n- n -n cell le/el# b$t this ti%e it6s based -n the last cell $3date it %ade. c. Cell PCH: 2his ha33ens hen UE d-esn6t re+$ire an acti/e c-nnecti-n5c-%%-n,dedicated). =$t still needs t- be c-nnected# as it6s e*3ectin0 a n, initiated -r ter%inated call5CS -r PS) in f$t$re. S-# n- U& trans%issi-n is all- ed. Selects a PCH5based -n al0-.) and 7ee3 %-nit-rin0 5recei/in0) it in ;disc-ntin$-$s6 %-de5DR>). Can c-%%$te -nl( int- CE&&'FACH state. E.0. "- -$t0-in0 call -r data recei/e f-r l-n0 ti%e UE is still identified -n cell le/el# b$t n- in the cell here UE %ade its last $3date# hen it as in CE&&'FACH state. At re0$lar ti%e inter/al# UE -$ld ha/e t- %-/e in CE&&'FACH state t- $3date the l-cati-n area. )f UE is tra/elin0# this $3date ill bec-%e fre+$ent beca$se -f chan0in0 cells. )n s-%e cases UE can ha/e the transiti-n fr-% CE&&'DCH t- CE&&'PCH# b$t n-t /ice /ersa< it has t- 0- /ia CE&&'FACH. d. URA PCH: 2his can be c-nsidered as a 0eneral case -f CE&&'PCH state. =eca$se all the characteristics are sa%e e*ce3t -ne. 2hat is# UE is 7n- n -n URA5U2RA" Re0istrati-n Area) le/el rather than cell le/el. )t listens tPCH5and $3dates URA hen re+$ired).

 )f UE is tra/elin0 c-ntin$-$sl( fr-% -ne cell t- an-ther. )t -$ld ha/e t- transit %$lti3le ti%e t- CE&&'FACH state f-r l-cati-n $3date. =( assi0nin0 URA'PCH state# this c-nditi-n is a/-ided# since 1 URA c-ntains -ne -r %-re cells and /ice /ersa. :) )n hich c-nditi-ns UE ill be in Cell FACH state? 2his ha33ens hen# UE d-esn6t re+$ire c-ntin$-$s circ$it c-nnecti-n ith n, # b$t D& 3ac7ets ill -r7. UE is f-rced t- release the n, res-$rces t- decrease the c-n0esti-n 3r-ble%s 5fli39fl-3 bet een DCH and FACH). E/ent$al l-cati-n $3dates t- s$33-rt CE&&'PCH and URA'PCH states 5fli39fl-3 bet een FACH and PCH). E.0. Call -n h-ld5CS)# File d- nl-adin05PS) ?) What is the difference bet een Cell PCH and URA PCH state? UE is 7n- n -n URA5U2RA" Re0istrati-n Area) le/el rather than cell le/el )f UE is tra/elin0 c-ntin$-$sl( fr-% -ne cell t- an-ther. )t -$ld ha/e t- transit %$lti3le ti%e t- CE&&'FACH state f-r l-cati-n $3date. =( assi0nin0 URA'PCH state# this c-nditi-n is a/-ided# since 1 URA c-ntains -ne -r %-re cells and /ice /ersa @) What is U9R"2)? UR"2) is a :8bit identit(. SR"C identifier 1 SR"2) %a7es UR"2) A) Describe the CE&& search 3r-ced$re? 2he Cell Search 3r-ced$re can be s$%%arised int- the f-ll- in0 ste3s: a. Cell Selection: Deter%ine the cell h-se recei/ed carrier 3- er is the str-n0est b. Slot Synchronisation: the UE reads the P9SCH -f the str-n0est carrier and feeds the recei/ed si0nal thr-$0h a %atched filter 5that is %atched t- the Pri%ar( S(nchr-nisati-n C-de). 2he sl-t ti%in0 is detected /ia detecti-n -f 3ea7s in the -$t3$t -f the %atched filter. c. Frame Synchronisation and Scrambling Code Gro ! "denti#ication: the UE reads the S9SCH -f the str-n0est carrier# and c-rrelates the recei/ed si0nal ith all the 3-ssible A? Sec-ndar( S(nchr-nisati-n C-des. 2he -$t3$t that 0i/es %a*i%$% c-rrelati-n 0i/es the 0r-$3 -f the Pri%ar( Scra%blin0 C-de $sed in the cell. 2his 3r-cess als- 0i/es the fra%e ti%in0 since the Sec-ndar( S(nchr-nisati-n C-de is different f-r each sl-t and the 0r-$3 tells the %a33in0 bet een sl-ts and SSCs. d. Scrambling Code "denti#ication: 2he UE atte%3ts then t- read the P9CP)CH s- as te*tract the Pri%ar( Scra%blin0 C-de $sed in the cell. 2he P9CP)CH is al a(s scra%bled b( the Pri%ar( Scra%blin0 C-de -f the cell and is s3read a fact-r 8@A and an !4SF h-se inde* is .er-. Since the Pri%ar( Scra%blin0 C-des are 0r-$3ed int- A? 0r-$3s -f B Scra%blin0 C-des and the S9SCH has 0i/en the Scra%blin0 C-de 0r-$3 -nl( B 3-ssibilities re%ain. S- the P9CP)CH is $nscra%bled se3aratel( ithe/er( 3-ssible Scra%blin0 C-de 5B) in the 0r-$3 and -nl( -ne -$t3$t ill 3r-d$ce c-rrect res$lts and the Pri%ar( Scra%blin0 C-de -f the cell is deter%ined. e. Read $roadcast "n#ormation: Since the P9CCPCH is al a(s scra%bled b( the Pri%ar( Scra%blin0 C-de -f the cell 5 hich has n- been deter%ined) and is al a(s s3read $sin0 SFC8@A ith !4SF inde*C1# 2he UE can read the P9CCPCH ith-$t an( 3r-ble%. 2he P9 CCPCH carries the =CH here s(ste% inf-r%ati-n bl-c7s are br-adcast thr-$0h-$t the entire cell. 2he UE can ac+$ire at this sta0e /ari-$s inf-r%ati-n 5e.0. S3readin0 Fact-rs# !4SF inde*es and Scra%blin0 C-des $sed in -ther d- nlin7 channels# i%3-rtant 3ara%eters f-r PRACH trans%issi-n# Deas$re%ent Para%eters# 2rans3-rt F-r%ats etc.) and can then dec-de-ther d- nlin7 channels# initiate a PRACH 3r-ced$re# 3erf-r%s s-%e s3ecific %eas$re%ents etc. E) Radi- bearer c-nfi0$rati-n %a33in0s? Si0nallin0 radi- bearer R=F shall be $sed f-r all %essa0es sent -n the CCCH 5U&: R&C92D# D&: R&C9UD). Si0nallin0 radi- bearer R=1 shall be $sed f-r all %essa0es sent -n the DCCH# hen $sin0 R&C $nac7n- led0ed %-de 5R&C9UD).

 Si0nallin0 radi- bearer R=8 shall be $sed f-r all %essa0es sent -n the DCCH# hen $sin0 R&C ac7n- led0ed %-de 5R&C9AD)# e*ce3t f-r the RRC %essa0es carr(in0 hi0her la(er 5"AS) si0nallin0. Si0nallin0 radi- bearer R=: and -3ti-nall( Si0nallin0 radi- bearer R=? shall be $sed f-r the RRC %essa0es carr(in0 hi0her la(er 5"AS) si0nallin0 and sent -n the DCCH in R&C ac7n- led0ed %-de 5R&C9AD). Additi-nall(# R=s h-se identities shall be set bet een @ and :8 %a( be $sed as si0nallin0 radi- bearer f-r the RRC %essa0es -n the DCCH sent in R&C trans3arent %-de 5R&C92D). B) What are the t(3es -f hand -/er? Here are f-ll- in0 cate0-ries -f hand-/er 5als- referred t- as hand-ff): Hard Hando%erHard hand-/er %eans that all the -ld radi- lin7s in the UE are re%-/ed bef-re the ne radi- lin7s are established. Hard hand-/er can be sea%less -r n-n9 sea%less. Sea%less hard hand-/er %eans that the hand-/er is n-t 3erce3tible t- the $ser. )n 3ractice a hand-/er that re+$ires a chan0e -f the carrier fre+$enc( 5inter9fre+$enc( hand-/er) is al a(s 3erf-r%ed as hard hand-/er. So#t Hando%er S-ft hand-/er %eans that the radi- lin7s are added and re%-/ed in a a( that the UE al a(s 7ee3s at least -ne radi- lin7 t- the U2RA". S-ft hand-/er is 3erf-r%ed b( %eans -f %acr- di/ersit(# hich refers t- the c-nditi-n that se/eral radi- lin7s are acti/e at the sa%e ti%e. "-r%all( s-ft hand-/er can be $sed hen cells -3erated -n the sa%e fre+$enc( are chan0ed. So#ter hando%erS-fter hand-/er is a s3ecial case -f s-ft hand-/er here the radi- lin7s that are added and re%-/ed bel-n0 t- the sa%e "-de = 5i.e. the site -f c-9l-cated base stati-ns fr-% hich se/eral sect-r9cells are ser/ed. )n s-fter hand-/er# %acr- di/ersit( ith %a*i%$% rati- c-%binin0 can be 3erf-r%ed in the "-de =# hereas 0enerall( in s-ft hand-/er -n the d- nlin7# %acr- di/ersit( ith selecti-n c-%binin0 is a33lied. Generall( e can distin0$ish bet een intra9cell hand-/er and inter9cell hand-/er. F-r UD2S the f-ll- in0 t(3es -f hand-/er are s3ecified: Hand-/er :G 9:G 5i.e. bet een UD2S and -ther :G s(ste%s) FDD s-ft,s-fter hand-/er FDD inter9fre+$enc( hard hand-/er FDD,2DD hand-/er 5chan0e -f cell) 2DD,FDD hand-/er 5chan0e -f cell) 2DD,2DD hand-/er Hand-/er :G 9 8G 5e.0. hand-/er t- GSD) Hand-/er 8G 9 :G 5e.0. hand-/er fr-% GSD) 2he %-st -b/i-$s ca$se f-r 3erf-r%in0 a hand-/er is that d$e t- its %-/e%ent a $ser can be ser/ed in an-ther cell %-re efficientl( 5li7e less 3- er e%issi-n# less interference). )t %a( h- e/er als- be 3erf-r%ed f-r -ther reas-ns s$ch as s(ste% l-ad c-ntr-l. H) What are t(3es -f %eas$re%ents? "ntra&#re' ency meas rements: %eas$re%ents -n d- nlin7 3h(sical channels at the sa%e fre+$enc( as the acti/e set. A %eas$re%ent -bIect c-rres3-nds t- -ne cell. "nter&#re' ency meas rements: %eas$re%ents -n d- nlin7 3h(sical channels at fre+$encies that differ fr-% the fre+$enc( -f the acti/e set and -n d- nlin7 3h(sical channels in the acti/e set. A %eas$re%ent -bIect c-rres3-nds t- -ne cell. "nter&RA( meas rements: %eas$re%ents -n d- nlin7 3h(sical channels bel-n0in0 tan-ther radi- access techn-l-0( than U2RA"# e.0. GSD. A %eas$re%ent -bIect c-rres3-nds t- -ne cell. (ra##ic %ol me meas rements: %eas$re%ents -n $3lin7 traffic /-l$%e. A %eas$re%ent -bIect c-rres3-nds t- -ne cell.

 ) ality meas rements: Deas$re%ents -f d- nlin7 +$alit( 3ara%eters# e.0. d- nlin7 trans3-rt bl-c7 err-r rate. A %eas$re%ent -bIect c-rres3-nds t- -ne trans3-rt channel in case -f =&ER. A %eas$re%ent -bIect c-rres3-nds t- -ne ti%esl-t in case -f S)R 52DD -nl(). U*&internal meas rements: Deas$re%ents -f UE trans%issi-n 3- er and UE recei/ed si0nal le/el. U* !ositioning meas rements: Deas$re%ents -f UE 3-siti-n. 1F) What is 3a0in0? Wh( 3a0in0 is re+$ired? Paging: 2his 3r-ced$re is $sed t- trans%it 3a0in0 inf-r%ati-n t- selected UEs in idle %-de# CE&&'PCH -r URA'PCH state $sin0 the 3a0in0 c-ntr-l channel 5PCCH). Paging can be initiated : U33er la(ers in the net -r7 %a( re+$est 3a0in0# t- e.0. establish a si0nalin0 c-nnecti-n. U2RA" %a( initiate 3a0in0 f-r UEs in CE&&'PCH -r URA'PCH state t- tri00er a cell $3date 3r-ced$re. U2RA" %a( initiate 3a0in0 f-r UEs in idle %-de# CE&&'PCH and URA'PCH state t- tri00er readin0 -f $3dated s(ste% inf-r%ati-n. U2RA" %a( als- initiate 3a0in0 f-r UEs in CE&&'PCH and URA'PCH state t- release the RRC c-nnecti-n. 11) 2(3e -f Pa0in0? Pa0in0 2(3e 1 Pa0in0 2(3e 85UE dedicated 3a0in0) 18) When dedicated 3a0in0 is $sed? a. 2his 3r-ced$re is $sed t- trans%it dedicated 3a0in0 inf-r%ati-n t- -ne UE in c-nnected %-de in CE&&'DCH # CE&&'FACH -r CE&&'PCH 5FDD -nl() state. U33er la(ers in the net -r7 %a( re+$est initiati-n -f 3a0in0. b. F-r a UE in CE&&'DCH# CE&&'FACH -r CE&&'PCH 5FDD -nl() state# U2RA" initiates the 3r-ced$re b( trans%ittin0 a PAG)"G 2JPE 8 %essa0e -n the DCCH $sin0 AD R&C. When n-t stated -ther ise else here# the U2RA" %a( initiate the UE dedicated 3a0in0 3r-ced$re alshen an-ther RRC 3r-ced$re is -n0-in0# and in that case the state -f the latter 3r-ced$re shall n-t be affected. c. U2RA" sh-$ld set the )E KPa0in0 ca$seK t- the ca$se f-r 3a0in0 recei/ed fr-% $33er la(ers. )f n- ca$se f-r 3a0in0 is recei/ed fr-% $33er la(ers# U2RA" sh-$ld set the /al$e K2er%inatin0 L ca$se $n7n- nK. 1:) )n hat sit$ati-n UE 0-es t- CE&& PCH and URA PCH states? a. Cell PCH: 2his ha33ens hen UE d-esn6t re+$ire an acti/e C-nnecti-n5c-%%-n,dedicated). =$t still needs t- be c-nnected# as it6s e*3ectin0 a n, initiated -r ter%inated call5CS -r PS) in f$t$re b. URA PCH: )n Cell PCH UE is still identified -n cell le/el# b$t n- in the cell here UE %ade its last $3date# hen it as in CE&&'FACH state.At re0$lar ti%e inter/al# UE -$ld ha/e t- %-/e in CE&&'FACH state t- $3date the l-cati-n area. )f UE is tra/elin0# this $3date ill bec-%e fre+$ent beca$se -f chan0in0 cells. )f UE is tra/elin0 c-ntin$-$sl( fr-% -ne cell t- an-ther. )t -$ld ha/e t- transit %$lti3le ti%e t- CE&&'FACH state f-r l-cati-n $3date. =( assi0nin0 URA'PCH state# this c-nditi-n is a/-ided# since 1 URA c-ntains -ne -r %-re cells and /ice /ersa 1?) What is Cell U3date Pr-ced$re? What are /ari-$s Cell U3date ca$ses?

U!lin+ data transmission: F-r FDD# if the /ariable H'R"2) is n-t set# and f-r 2DD:
if the UE is in URA'PCH -r CE&&'PCH state< and if the UE has $3lin7 R&C data PDU -r $3lin7 R&C c-ntr-l PDU -n R=1 -r $3 ards ttrans%it:

3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se K !lin+ data transmissionK.

 Paging res!onse: if the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$se s3ecified ab-/e. are n-t %et< and if the UE in URA'PCH -r CE&&'PCH state# recei/es a PAG)"G 2JPE 1 .%essa0e f$lfillin0 the c-nditi-ns f-r initiatin0 a cell $3date 3r-ced$re. Radio lin+ #ail re: if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ab-/e in the c$rrent s$bcla$se is %et:
3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se K!aging res!onseK.

ith the ca$ses s3ecified

if the UE is in CE&&'DCH state and the criteria f-r radi- lin7 fail$re are #-r if the trans%issi-n -f the UE CAPA=)&)2J )"F!RDA2)!" %essa0e fails.

perform cell update using the cause "radio lin" #ailure". ,$,S !t! R$ re' est: if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$ses s3ecified ab-/e in the c$rrent s$bcla$se is %et< and if the UE is in URA'PCH# Cell'PCH -r Cell'FACH state< and if the UE sh-$ld 3erf-r% cell $3date f-r D=DS 3t3 radi- bearer re+$est# 3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se K,$,S !t! R$ re' estK. Re&entering ser%ice area: if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$ses s3ecified ab-/e in the c$rrent s$bcla$se is %et< and if the UE is in CE&&'FACH -r CE&&'PCH state< and 8M0t< if the UE has been -$t -f ser/ice area and re9enters ser/ice area bef-re 2:FE -r 2:1E e*3ires:
:M0t< 3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se Kre&entering ser%ice areaK.

R-C nreco%erable error: if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$ses s3ecified ab-/e in the c$rrent s$bcla$se is %et< and if the UE detects R&C $nrec-/erable err-r N1AO in an AD R&C entit(: Cell reselection: if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ab-/e in the c$rrent s$bcla$se is %et:
3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se KR-C nreco%erable errorK.

ith the ca$ses s3ecified

3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se Kcell reselectionK. Periodical cell !date: if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$ses s3ecified ab-/e in the c$rrent s$bcla$se is %et< and if the UE is in CE&&'FACH -r CE&&'PCH state< and if the ti%er 2:F@ e*3ires< and if the criteria f-r Kin ser/ice areaK and if 3eri-dic $3datin0 has been c-nfi0$red b( 2:F@ in the )E KUE 2i%ers and c-nstants in c-nnected %-deK set t- an( -ther /al$e than Kinfinit(K:
3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se K!eriodical cell !dateK.

if the UE is in CE&&'FACH -r CE&&'PCH state and the UE 3erf-r%s cell re9selecti-n< -r if the UE is in CE&&'FACH state and the /ariable C'R"2) is e%3t(:

 ,$,S rece!tion: if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$ses s3ecified ab-/e in the c$rrent s$bcla$se is %et< and if the UE is in URA'PCH# Cell'PCH -r Cell'FACH state< and if the UE sh-$ld 3erf-r% cell $3date f-r D=DS c-$ntin0 # 3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se K,$,S rece!tionK.
1@) What is Acti/e set? Acti%e Set is defined as the set -f "-de9=s the UE is si%$ltane-$sl( c-nnected t- 5i.e.# the U2RA cells c$rrentl( assi0nin0 a d- nlin7 DPCH t- the UE c-nstit$te the acti/e set). 1A) What is D-nit-r set and detected set Cells? a. Cells# hich are n-t incl$ded in the acti/e set# b$t are incl$ded in the CE&&')"F!'&)S2 bel-n0 t- the ,onitored Set. b. Cells detected b( the UE# hich are neither in the CE&&')"F!'&)S2 n-r in the acti/e set bel-n0 t- the Detected Set. Re3-rtin0 -f %eas$re%ents -f the detected set is -nl( a33licable t- intra9fre+$enc( %eas$re%ents %ade b( UEs in CE&&'DCH state. 1E) What are the /ari-$s t(3es -f R"C? a. Ser/in0 R"C b. Drift R"C c. C-ntr-llin0 R"C 1B) What is the $se and difference bet een CR"C# Drift R"C and SR"C? R"C fr-% hich the UE is c$rrentl( 0ettin0 Ser/ed -r c-nnected t- is called SR"C -r Ser/in0 R"C. D$rin0 a s-ft hand-/er 3r-ced$re the R"C UE is %-/in0 t-# is called Drift R"C. 2he R"C hich c-ntr-ls the %-/e%ent -f UE fr-% Ser/in0 R"C t- the Drift R"C is called C-ntr-llin0 R"C. 1H) What is initial direct transfer %essa0e? What is the $se? 2he initial direct transfer 3r-ced$re is $sed in the $3lin7 t- establish a si0nalin0 c-nnecti-n. )t is als- $sed t- carr( an initial $33er la(er 5"AS) %essa0e -/er the radi- interface. 8F) What is sec$rit( %-de c-%%and? Wh( it is $sed? Sec$rit( %-de c-%%and is a RRC Dessa0e# 2he 3$r3-se -f this 3r-ced$re : 2- tri00er the start -f ci3herin0 -r t- c-%%and the restart -f the ci3herin0 ith a ne ci3herin0 c-nfi0$rati-n# f-r the radi- bearers -f -ne C" d-%ain and f-r all si0nallin0 radibearers. )t is als- $sed t- start inte0rit( 3r-tecti-n -r t- %-dif( the inte0rit( 3r-tecti-n c-nfi0$rati-n f-r all si0nallin0 radi- bearers 81) What is CC2rCH? A C-ded C-%3-site 2rans3-rt Channel is the res$lt -f c-%binin0 5%$lti3le*in0) se/eral 2rans3-rt Channels -f the sa%e t(3e< i.e.: e can ha/e a CC2rCh %ade $3 -f -ne -r se/eral DCHs# a CC2rCh %ade $3 -f DSCHs. !ne e*ce3ti-n is that e can ha/e -ne -r se/eral FACHs %$lti3le*ed ith a PCH -n the sa%e CC2rCh. A better n-tati-n -$ld be f-r e*a%3le: CC2rCh?DCH: A CC2rCh c-nsistin0 -f ? DCHs CC2rCh:FACH: A CC2rCh c-nsistin0 -f : FACHs CC2rChPCH#8FACH: A CC2rCh c-nsistin0 -f the PCH and 8 FACHs 88) What is c-%3ressed %-de? Hi0her la(ers can re+$est a UE t- %-nit-r cells -n -ther fre+$encies 5FDD# 2DD)# -r -ther s(ste%s 5GSD). 2his i%3lies that the UE has t- 3erf-r% %eas$re%ents# -n the -ther fre+$encies,s(ste%s and th$s hi0her la(ers c-%%and the UE t- enter C-%3ressed D-de. 2he U2RA" need t- send t- the UE all the 3ara%eters f-r the C-%3ressed D-de. Com!ression ,ethods:

When in C-%3ressed D-de the inf-r%ati-n n-r%all( trans%itted d$rin0 a 1F %s fra%e is c-%3ressed in ti%e s-that 0a3s -f ade+$ate len0th are created. 2- achie/e this -ne -f three %echanis%s P nct ring

2his %eth-d is "!2 a33licable t- d- nlin7.

S!read Factor Red ction Act$all( hal/in0 the S3read Fact-r. S- ith this %eth-d if SF is $sed in n-n9c-%3ressed fra%es then SF,8 is $sed in the c-%3ressed fra%es. Higher -ayer Sched ling

Hi0her &a(ers set restricti-ns s- that -nl( a s$bset -f all- ed 2FCs are $sed in C-%3ressed D-de.
Com!ressed ,ode Parameter: (GS. 52rans%issi-n Ga3 Startin0 Sl-t "$%ber): A trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern be0ins in a radi- fra%e# called firstradi- fra%e -f the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern# c-ntainin0 at least -ne trans%issi-n 0a3 sl-t. 2GS" is the sl-t n$%ber-f the first trans%issi-n 0a3 sl-t ithin the first radi- fra%e -f the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern< P (G-/ 52rans%issi-n Ga3 &en0th 1): D$rati-n -f the first trans%issi-n 0a3 ithin the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern# e*3ressed in n$%ber -f sl-ts< P (G-2 52rans%issi-n Ga3 &en0th 8): D$rati-n -f the sec-nd trans%issi-n 0a3 ithin the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern# e*3ressed in n$%ber -f sl-ts. )f this 3ara%eter is n-t e*3licitl( set b( hi0her la(ers# then 2G&8 C2G&1< P (GD 52rans%issi-n Ga3 Start Distance): D$rati-n bet een the startin0 sl-ts -f t c-nsec$ti/e trans%issi-n 0a3s ithin a trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern# e*3ressed in n$%ber -f sl-ts. 2he res$ltin0 3-siti-n -f the sec-nd trans%issi-n 0a3 ithin its radi- fra%e5s) shall c-%3l( ith the li%itati-ns -f 2S 8@.1F1 5Ref N8O). )f this 3ara%eter is n-t set b( hi0her la(ers# then there is -nl( -ne trans%issi-n 0a3 in the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern< P (GP-/ 52rans%issi-n Ga3 Pattern &en0th): D$rati-n -f trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern 1< P (GP-2 52rans%issi-n Ga3 Pattern &en0th): D$rati-n -f trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern 8. )f this 3ara%eter is n-t e*3licitl( set b( hi0her la(ers# then 2GP&8 C 2GP&1. 2he f-ll- in0 t - 3ara%eters 5inte0ers) c-ntr-l the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern se+$ence start and re3etiti-n: P (GPRC 52rans%issi-n Ga3 Pattern Re3etiti-n C-$nt): "$%ber -f trans%issi-n 0a3 3atterns ithin the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern se+$ence< Fr-% Fi0$re 1F it see%s 2GPRC is e/en# theref-re the n$%ber -f sl-ts in 2G Se+$ence is: F.@Q2GPRC 52GP&112GP&8) P (GCF. 52rans%issi-n Ga3 C-nnecti-n Fra%e "$%ber): CF" -f the first radi- fra%e -f the first 3attern 1 ithin the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern se+$ence. 8:) What is FACH %eas$re%ent -ccasi-n? GAPs in S9CCPCH t- 3erf-r% %eas$re%ent -n Different Fre+$encies -r )nterrat resecti-n. 8?) D)=,S=,S)= details? D)=: 2he Sched$lin0 -f D)= is Static. 8@) Wh( e 3erf-r% Channelisati-n -r s3readin0 bef-re scra%blin0? =ef-re sendin0 a data e need t- identif( the channel t- send the data. A 3artic$lar Channelisati-n c-de is the Ridentit(S f-r the channel. Hence e $se Channelisati-n c-de t- select the channel and then scra%ble it s- as t- send the identit( -f the UE -/er the channel 8A) When 2DS) # P9 2DS) # )DS) # )DE) $sed? 2DS) 5GSD9DAP): 2he 2DS) 5GSD9DAP) shall be ch-sen if a/ailable. 2he )E K&A)K in the )E K)nitial UE identit(K shall als- be 3resent hen 2DS) 5GSD9DAP) is $sed# f-r %a7in0 it $ni+$e. P92DS) 5GSD9DAP): 2he P92DS) 5GSD9DAP) shall be ch-sen if a/ailable and n- 2DS) 5GSD9 DAP) is a/ailable. 2he )E KRA)K in the )E K)nitial UE identit(K shall in this case als- be 3resent hen P92DS) 5GSD9DAP) is $sed# f-r %a7in0 it $ni+$e.

 )DS) 5GSD9DAP): 2he )DS) 5GSD9DAP) shall be ch-sen if a/ailable and n- 2DS) 5GSD9DAP) -r P92DS) is a/ailable. )DE): 2he )DE) shall be ch-sen hen n-ne -f the ab-/e three c-nditi-ns are f$lfilled. 8E) What is A$t- attached? A$tAttach When P- er !n Enabled )f D"! ) )t ill 3erf-r% a c-%bined Attach )f "D!)) )t ill d- a &AU and Attach. Disabled )f UE is &-cati-n $3dated i.e. S)D &A) is sa%e as Cell &A) 2hen it ill d- n-thin0. )f UE is n-t &-cati-n $3dated i.e. S)D &A) differs fr-% the Cell &A) then UE ill 3erf-r% &-cati-n Area U3date Will d- a PS attach then the PS call.

PS Call

Sa%e RRC c-nnecti-n can be $sed f-r the PS call.

8B) Wh( e d- a C-%bined Attach? )f the net -r7 -3erates in "et -r7 D-de !f !3erati-n ) i.e. "D! ) and GPRS DS that -3erates in D-de A -r D-de = ill d- a si%$ltane-$s )DS) attach f-r GPRS and n-n GPRS ser/ices and shall $se the C-%bined GPRS attach# c-%bined and 3eri-dic r-$tin0 area $3datin0 3r-ced$res instead -f the c-rres3-ndin0 DD s3ecific 3r-ced$res )DS) attach and n-r%al and 3eri-dic &-cati-n area $3datin0. 8H) When UE tri00ers E/ent :A Deas$re%ent Re3-rt? E/ent :A:2he Esti%ated T$alit( -f c$rrentl( $sed U2RA" fre+$enc( is bel- a certain thresh-ld and the esti%ated +$alit( -f the -ther s(ste% is ab-/e a certain thresh-ld. :F) H- %an( trans3-rt channels ill be c-nfi0$red hen a CS4 and a PSD call is si%$ltane-$sl( 0-in0 -n? Fi/e trans3-rt channels ill be c-nfi0$red. 1 f-r ? SR=s : f-r CS4 1 f-r PSD :1) When e/ent 8A# 8=# 8C#8E -cc$rs? E/ent 8a: Chan0e -f best fre+$enc( E/ent 8b: 2he esti%ated +$alit( -f the c$rrentl( $sed fre+$enc( is bel- a certain thresh-ld and the esti%ated +$ailt( -f a n-n9$sed fre+$enc( is ab-/e a certain thresh-ld. E/ent 8c: 2he esti%ated +$alit( -f a n-n9$sed fre+$enc( is ab-/e a certain thresh-ld E/ent 8d: 2he esti%ated +$alit( -f the c$rrentl( $sed fre+$enc( is bel- a certain thresh-ld E/ent 8e: 2he esti%ated +$alit( -f a n-n9$sed fre+$enc( is bel- a certain thresh-ld :8) When e/ent 1A L 1F E/ent -cc$rs? e/ent 1A: A Pri%ar( CP)CH enters the re3-rtin0 ran0e e/ent 1=: A 3ri%ar( CP)CH lea/es the re3-rtin0 ran0e e/ent 1C: A n-n9acti/e 3ri%ar( CP)CH bec-%es better than an acti/e 3ri%ar( CP)CH e/ent 1D: Chan0e -f best cell e/ent 1E: A Pri%ar( CP)CH bec-%es better than an abs-l$te thresh-ld e/ent 1F: A Pri%ar( CP)CH bec-%es -rse than an abs-l$te thresh-ld ::) Where CU and )U 0ets 0enerated? )n RRC CU and )U 0ets 0enerated. :?) Where CU and )U 0ets st-red?

)n US)D CU and )U ill 0et st-red. :@) Where the Sec$rit( 3r-ced$re ill start? Sec$rit( Pr-ced$re ill start in RRC b$t Ci3herin0 ill start f-r AD and UD data sec$rit( 3r-ced$re ill start at R&C la(er. And f-r 2D %-de sec$rit( 3r-ced$re start at DAC la(er. :A) What are the %andat-r( S)=6s hich UE has t- read bef-re campign campaign? S)= 1# :#@#E#11 :E) What are the i%3-rtant RACH 3ara%eters and hich S)= c-ntains this inf-r%ati-n? S)= E,@ :B) Which S)= c-ntains S criteria inf-r%ati-n?