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V vic ban hnh TCXDVN319 : 2004 "Lp t h thng ni t thit b cho cc cng trnh cng nghip - Yu cu chung "
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TCXDVN 319 : 2004 Lp t h thng ni t thit b cho cc cng trnh cng nghipyu cu chung
Installation of Equipment Earthing System

for Industrial ProjectsGeneral requirements

Mc lc

Trang Li ni u 1-Phm vi p dng 2-Ti liu vin dn 3-Nhng qui nh chung 4-Lp t in cc t 5-Lp t dy ni t chnh 6-Lp t dy bo v ca h thng ni t thit b cng nghip 7-Lp t dy ni ng th 8-Lp t h thng ni t thit b in cao p v trm bin p h p 9-Lp t cc hnh thi ni t cho h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh 10-Kim tra h thng ni t thit b Ph lc A: Thut ng v nh ngha Ph lc B: Phn loi ni lp t h thng ni t theo mc nguy him 52 57 60 67 4 5 6 7 14 18 21 31 34

li ni u

TCXDVN....................: 2004 do Tng cng ty Lp my Vit nam bin son, V Khoa hc Cng ngh trnh duyt, B Xy dng ban hnh theo quyt nh s .........................../Q-BXD, ngy...........................

Lp t h thng ni t thit b cho cc cng trnh cng nghip Yu cu chung

Installation of Equipment Earthing System for Industrial Projects-General Requirements

1-Phm vi p dng: 1.1-Tiu chun ny qui nh cc yu cu chung v la chn v lp t h thng ni t ca cc thit b in lm vic vi in p xoay chiu ln hn 42V v in p mt chiu ln hn 110V trong hng ro mt cng trnh sn xut cng nghip. H thng ni t thit b qui nh theo tiu chun ny thuc c hai hnh thi ni t, ni t bo v v ni t chc nng, trong ni t bo v l ch yu. 1.2- Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho vic lp t h thng ni t ca nh my in, |ng dy ti in trn khng, trm bin p trung gian thuc cc d n pht, dn v phn phi in nng v mt s cng trnh c cng ngh c bit nh| cc cng trnh ngm, bn cng, sn bay, ch bin du m, hm l, v.v... 1.3-Khi lp t h thng ni t thit b, ngoi vic p dng tiu chun ny cn phi tho mn cc yu cu qui nh trong cc h s k thut c lin quan.

2-Ti liu vin dn: Tiu chun ca U ban k thut in quc t v thit b in h p 1992 Tiu chun ca U ban k thut in quc t v lp t in 1993 Tiu chun ca U ban k thut in quc t v lp t in 1994 Qui phm ca Hi k s| in Anh v lp t dy in 1981 Tiu chun c v lp t in 1991 AS 3000 IEE IEC 364-5 IEC 364-4 IEC 439-1

3-Nhng quy nh chung 3.1-Cc b phn c tnh dn in khng mang in trn ton cng trnh |c lit k d|i y phi |c bo v chng mi nguy him do chm in gin tip bng bin php ni t thit b kt hp vi t ng ct ngun cung cp bng thit b bo v: - b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in nh| my bin p, my in v kh c in, v.v... - b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b v ph kin chiu sng; - b phn truyn ng c tnh dn in ca my in v kh c in; - khung kim loi ca t, bng in v bn iu khin; - v kim loi ca cc my in di ng v cm tay; - v kim loi v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp;

- ph|ng tin bao che v ph kin kim loi phc v lp t dy v cp in nh|ng khng trc tip mang dng in nh| ng lun dy, khay, thang, mng cp; hp ni kim loi, dy thp treo cp in, ct kim loi, v.v... - v kim loi, tip im ni t ca cm v ca cm c dy ni di. 3.2-Khng cn ni t bo v cho cc thit b c cc hnh thi bo v sau: - thit b c cch in kp hoc cp cch in t|ng |ng; - thit b |c cp in thng qua mt bin p cch ly dng ring cho n c cun dy pha tiu th in cch ly v in vi ngun in; - thit b lm vic vi in p cc thp. 3.3-Ni no khng th lp t dy v cp in xa hn cc kt cu kim loi phc v mc ch khc th cc kt cu cng phi ni t. Cc kt cu kim loi phi ni t gm: a) ng kim loi i ni, thng, b, chu, vi, ng thi n|c bn, ng gp n|c m|a v cc hng mc t|ng t; b) khung s|n ca cc cn cu, thang my, bng ti, thit b bc d, gt, nh ng v cc hng mc t|ng t khc trn c lp thit b in. c) |ng ray v kt cu thp khc tip cn |c. Mch ni t ca cc kt cu kim loi ngoi tri phi c tng tr nh i vi dng cao tn to bi phng in kh quyn. 3.4-Phi ni t cun th| cp ca cc my bin p o l|ng. 3.5-Trn quan im ni t, mt tp hp bao gm mt ngun cp in h p nh| my pht in hoc my bin p, ton b dy v cp in cng cc thit b s dng in nng ca ngun cp in phi |c coi l mt h thng in c mt trong cc kiu ni t TN, TT v IT. Trong cc h thng ny, b phn cp

in nh| my pht in, my bin p |c coi l ngun in nng tch ri khi cc thit b cn li ca h thng v phn cn li |c coi l mng in. 3.6-Mi ngun cp in hoc mi mng in phi c mt thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh c th ni vo : - in cc t hoc ph|ng tin ni t ni vi im ni t ca ngun; - dy ni t bo v mch; - dy ni ng th chnh; - dy ni t chc nng (nu c yu cu); - trc ni t; - dy ni t chnh nh| minh ho trn hnh 1.

3.7-Phi b tr thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ch d tip cn c th tho ri cc mi ni khi cn o in tr ni t ca h thng ni t. Mi ni thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh phi vng chc v c v m bo duy tr |c tnh lin tc v in v ch c th tho ri bng dng c.

3.8-Tr tr|ng hp c bit, mi h thng in h p gm ngun cp in l my pht in h p hoc cun h p ca my bin p v mng in ca n trong cng trnh cng nghip phi ni t kiu TN. 3.9-Trong h thng TN, nn s dng thit b bo v qu dng nh| my ct hoc cu ch t ng ct ngun khi c s c chm t v phi tun th cc qui nh sau: - trong h thng TN, chiu di ca cp xut pht t sau my ct hoc cu ch khng |c v|t qu chiu di ti a tnh ton trn c s hn ch tng tr ca mch vng chm t nhm m bo cho thit b bo v c lin quan tc ng tin cy; - trong s TN-S, dy trung tnh ch |c ni t ti trm bin p. Cc in cc t b sung v tr khc, nu cn, ch |c ni vo dy PE; - trong s TN-C, khi dy trung tnh cn ni t lp li gim in p chm, phi b tr cc in cc t b sung cch khong dc theo dy PEN trong in cc t b sung cui phi t ti phn x|ng cnh t cp in chnh. Khng |c ct h mch dy PEN bng thit b ct bo v v phi ni dy PEN xut pht t thanh ci PEN ca t phn phi vi v kim loi ca thit b dng in tr|c khi ni dy PEN vi cc trung tnh ca thit b . 3.10-Ch cho php p dng kiu ni t TT cho mng in h p c cng sut nh nu vic thc hin ni t kiu TN gp kh khn nh| khi cp in xut pht t sau my ct hoc cu ch n ph ti qu di, khng m bo cho thit b bo v c lin quan tc ng tin cy hoc i hi tn km khng hp l. Phi la chn cc in tr ni t ca ngun in v mng in trn c s m bo nhy ca bo v chm t v nn s dng thit b dng in d| lm thit b ct bo v. 3.11-H thng h p ni t kiu IT ch p dng khi c nhng yu cu c bit v an ton cp in. in tr ni t ca mng in trong h thng IT phi ph

hp vi thit b kim tra cch in i vi t ca mng in , nhm pht hin nhanh im chm t th nht v phi m bo cho thit b bo v t ng ct nhanh ngun in ra khi mng in khi im chm t th hai xut hin m im chm t th nht ch|a |c loi tr. Phi t bo v chng qu in p tn s cng nghip cho mng in. Nu ngun in l my bin p c in p pha s cp ln hn 1000V th phi t bo v chc thng cch in cho cun h p ca my bin p. 3.12-Khi trm bin p cp in h p cho mt cng trnh cng nghip trc tip ni vi l|i cao p bn ngoi cng trnh, nu vic thc hin mt h thng ni t chung cho thit b in cao p v thit b in h p ca trm gp kh khn v i hi tn km khng hp l th nn p dng hai h thng ni t ring bit: mt cho thit b in cao p v mt cho thit b in h p. 3.13-Khi cng trnh cng nghip c trm bin p trung gian hoc trm ct u vo phn phi in nng c in p dy nm trong khong t 3kV n 24kV cho cc trm bin p h p ca cc phn x|ng hoc khu vn phng th mi trm bin p nh| th phi c mt h thng ni t chung cho cc thit b in cao v h p v phi p dng s TN pha h p. 3.14-Trong cng trnh cng nghip, im trung tnh ca my pht, v my pht, v cc thit b in v cc kt cu kim loi ca trm pht in d phng u phi ni vi in cc t thng qua mt u cc hoc thanh ci ni t chnh v phi ni u cc hoc thanh ci ni t chnh ny vi thanh ci bo v trong t cp in cho ph ti s c bng dy bo v i cng vi cp cp ngun t my pht, ng thi ni thanh ci bo v trong t cp in cho ph ti s c vi thanh ci t trong t ng ct in tng ca trm bin p th|ng trc c lin quan. Nu my pht d phng gn ngun th|ng trc, im trung tnh ca n |c php ni vi in cc t ca ngun ny v khng cn c in cc t khu vc my pht. 3.15-Vic la chn cc in tr ni t ca ngun v mng in trong mt h thng in h p tr|c ht phi da trn c s tnh ton dng ngn mch chm

t ln nht trong h thng in h p kt hp vi mt s gii php v cu hnh ni t v ni ng th nhm tho mn cc yu cu v in p chm trong iu 3.16. 3.16- ln v thi gian duy tr ca in p chm trong h thng in h p khng |c v|t qu cc gi tr cho trong bng 1 vi iu kin in p chm cho php l 42V i vi dng xoay chiu tn s cng nghip v l 110V i vi dng mt chiu. Bng 1 - Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p chm trong h thng in h p ph thuc ln ca n vi iu kin in p chm cho php l 42V i vi dng xoay chiu tn s cng nghip v l 110V i vi dng mt chiu. Tr s hiu dng ca in Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p p chm V i vi dng xoay chiu tn s cng nghip @ 42 50 65 75 90 110 150 5,00 4,00 3,00 0,60 0,45 0,34 0,27 0,17 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 1,00 0,40 chm s i vi dng mt chiu

220 280 350 500

0,12 0,08 0,04

0,30 0,20 0,10

3.17-Khi la chn v lp t h thng ni t ca mt trm bin p lm vic vi in p cao pha s cp, ngoi vic p ng cc yu cu ca iu 3.15, cn phi tun th cc qui nh trong phn 8 ca bn tiu chun ny. 3.18-Phi la chn v lp t h thng ni t ca mng in sao cho: a) gi tr in tr t thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca mng in n im ni t ca ngun in i vi cc h thng TN, hoc n in cc t ca mng in i vi cc h thng TT v IT, phi ph hp vi cc yu cu bo v v chc nng ca mng in v phi c trin vng gi |c hiu qu lu di; b) dng ngn mch chm t v dng in c th r ra t phi |c dn i m khng gy nguy him g, c bit l do cc hiu ng cng thng v nhit, c nhit v c in; c) trang b ni t phi bn chc hoc c thm ph|ng tin bo v c hc c th thch nghi vi cc iu kin nh h|ng t bn ngoi. 3.19-Khi lp t h thng ni t, phi ht sc thn trng nhm trnh nguy c to ra hin t|ng in phn lm hng cc b phn kim loi khc. 3.20-Nu mt khu vc sn xut no , mt s mng in khc nhau phi s dng cc h thng ni t ring r th bt c dy bo v no chy qua gia hai mng in khc nhau nh| vy cng phi sc mang dng in ngn mch chm t ln nht c kh nng chy qua n hoc ch |c php ni t trong phm vi mng in c lin quan vi n v phi |c cch in i vi h thng ni t ca cc mng in khc. Trong tr|ng hp th hai, nu dy bo v l

thnh phn ca mt si cp th dy bo v ch |c ni t trong phm vi mng in c cha thit b ct bo v c lin quan vi n. 3.21-C th chia h thng ni t ca mt mng in thnh nhiu h thng ni t con v trong tr|ng hp ny, mi h thng ni t con nh| th cng phi |c lp t ph hp vi cc yu cu ca bn tiu chun ny. 3.22-H thng ni t c th s dng kt hp hoc ring r cho hai mc ch bo v v chc nng tu thuc cc yu cu ca mng in. Ni no h thng ni t s dng kt hp cho c hai mc ch bo v v chc nng, th phi |u tin cho cc yu cu v ni t bo v.

4-Lp t in cc t: 4.1-Mi ni in c hiu qu vi ton khi t ca h thng ni t bo v thit b in cng nghip phi thc hin bng cch s dng in cc t. 4.2-Cc loi in cc t |c tha nhn v kch th|c ti thiu ca chng |c lit k d|i y: a) in cc thanh hoc ng kim loi dng cc nhn: - in cc thanh kim loi trn dng cc nhn phi c |ng knh qui nh bi thit k, nh|ng trong mi tr|ng hp khng |c nh hn 16mm nu l in cc thp v khng |c nh hn 12mm nu l

in cc kim loi khng phi thp hoc l in cc c lp kim loi bc ngoi khng phi st hoc thp; khng |c dng thanh thp gai hoc thanh ct thp lm in cc t dng cc nhn; - in cc thanh thp gc phi c chiu dy khng nh hn 4mm; in cc thanh thp gc phi |c m km nng hoc |c bo v chng n mn bng ph|ng php khc; - in cc ng kim loi dng cc nhn phi c |ng knh trong ti thiu 19mm v chiu dy ng ti thiu 2,45mm; in cc ng thp phi |c m km nng hoc |c bo v chng n mn bng ph|ng php khc v phi l loi ng rn chc. b) in cc thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn nm ngng: - in cc thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn phi c kch th|c qui nh bi thit k nh|ng trong mi tr|ng hp khng |c nh hn 25mm x 1,5mm nu l thanh ng dt v khng |c nh hn 35mm2 nu l dy ng trn; - in cc thanh thp dt nm ngang phi c kch th|c khng nh hn 40m x 4m; cn in cc thanh thp trn nm ngang phi c |ng knh khng nh hn 16mm; in cc thanh thp dt hoc trn nm ngang phi |c m km nng hoc |c bo v chng n mn bng ph|ng php khc; khng |c dng thanh thp gai hoc thanh ct thp lm in cc t nm ngang. Thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn dng lm in cc nm ngang phi c chiu di ti thiu 3m. Tit din ca in cc t nm ngang cho cc thit b in c in p ln hn 1000V phi |c chn theo bn nhit xut pht t nhit pht nng cho php l 400oC. c) in cc tm kim loi:

in cc tm kim loi phi l tm ng cng c chiu dy khng nh hn 1.5mm. Nn hn ch dng loi in cc ny v l do n mn, c bit l cc ch ni. d) in cc kim loi t chn mng cng trnh: in cc ny phi |c hn ni vi kt cu thp ca mng t nht hai im cch xa nhau. Cc khu ni vi dy ni t chnh phi v tr d tip cn kim tra v sau v vic thi cng cc mi ni phi |c gim st cht ch tr|c khi b tng mng. 4.3-Cc b phn kim loi sau y c th dng lm in cc t t nhin: - cc ng dn n|c khng thuc dch v cp n|c cng cng v cc ng dn bng kim loi khc t d|i t ca cng trnh tr cc |ng ng dn cc cht lng d chy, kh v hp cht chy, n. - thanh ging gia c v kt cu thp ca b tng d|i t ca nh v cng trnh xy dng, nh|ng phi thn trng khng lm hng ct thp ca b tng chu ng lc tr|c. - v bc ch hoc v bc kim loi khc khng phi nhm ca cp tho mn cc iu kin ca iu 4.4; - cc kt cu kim loi khc chn d|i t c mi tip xc hiu qu v bn vng vi ton khi t ph hp vi cc iu kin ca bn tiu chun ny. 4.4-V bc ch v v bc bng kim loi khc khng phi nhm ca cc cp in khng s h| hng v n mn thi qu c th dng lm in cc t min l c s tho thun bng vn bn ca n v s hu cp v phi c s dn xp thch hp n v s dng mng in cnh gic vi bt c thay i no trong h thng cp c th lm hng vai tr in cc t ca cc cp ny.

4.5-Vt liu s dng v cu to ca in cc t phi m bo cho n chng |c ph hng do n mn. 4.6-Khi chn in cc t phi tnh n kh nng tng in tr ca in cc t do n mn qua thi gian s dng. 4.7-Tt c cc loi in cc t phi c b mt sch khng ph sn, men hoc cc vt liu khc c dn in km. 4.8-in cc t lp t ngoi to nh phi v tr t phi d|i m|a nng v xa hn cc kt cu kim loi chn d|i t phc v mc ch khc. in cc t lp t ngoi to nh phi t cch mng khng t hn 1m. 4.9-Phi duy tr c ly khng nh hn 0,5m gia in cc t v kt cu kim loi chn d|i t ca cc h thng khc nhm hn ch kh nng xut hin tc dng in phn c hi cho in cc hoc cho h thng khc. 4.10-in cc t thanh hoc ng kim loi dng cc nhn phi |c ng su xung t ti su qui nh bi thit k. t phi lin th v chn cht ln ton b chiu di ca in cc t. Khi chn v tr ng in cc t, phi chn ni sn c m cao nht nu iu kin thc t cho php. su lp t in cc t thanh hoc ng kim loi dng cc nhn do thit k qui nh nh|ng nn trong khong t 0,5m n 1,2m tnh t nh cc n mt t lin th. Cn chn su lp t in cc ln khi in tr sut ca t gim theo su. 4.11-in cc t thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn phi |c chn cht trong m|ng t nm ngang. t lp li phi l t ng nht, khng |c cha rm v ph liu xy dng v phi |c m cht. su lp t in cc t thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn do thit k qui nh nh|ng nn trong khong t 0,5m n 1,2m tnh t nh trn ca in cc n mt t lin th. Cn chn su lp t in cc ln khi in tr sut ca t gim theo su.

4.12-Chiu di ca in c|c t dng cc nhn do thit k qui nh nh|ng nn trong khong t 2,5m n 3m. Cho php hn ni nhm tng chiu di ca in cc trong tr|ng hp in cc t cn c chiu di ln hn 3m, min l khng lm suy gim tnh lin tc v in v v c ca in cc. 4.13-Tr khi c qui nh khc i, in cc t dng cc nhn ng thng ng hoc nghing thuc h thng ni t ca mt phn x|ng phi ng cch nhau khng qu 20m v ni vi nhau bng cc on in cc t nm ngang hnh thnh mt mch vng in cc bao quanh phn x|ng . 4.14-Khi ng in cc t dng cc nhn xung t, phi s dng chp u cc chuyn dng khng lm hng u trn ca in cc. Tr|ng hp t qu cng, cho php s dng khoan mi c |ng knh mi khoan nh hn |ng knh ca in cc sao cho khi ng in cc xung l khoan, cc lp t phi chn cht ln ton b chiu di ca n. 4.15-Dy ni gia cc u cc dng thanh hoc ng kim loi dng lm in cc phi c tit din khng nh hn tit din ca dy ni t chnh. Phi t dy ni ny su do thit k qui nh nh|ng trong mi tr|ng hp khng |c nh hn 0,5m tnh t mt trn ca dy n mt t lin th.

5-Lp t dy ni t chnh: 5.1-Khi lp t h thng ni t, phi c gng dy ni t chnh chy thng t thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh n in cc t hoc ph|ng tin khc to |c mi ni in c hiu qu vi ton khi t. Khng |c u vo on dy ni t chnh i t thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh n in cc t bt k dy bo v no ca cc thit b in nm dc theo hnh trnh ca n. 5.2-Tr khi c qui nh khc i, dy ni t chnh dng trong h thng ni t ca thit bi in cng nghip phi l dy mt li bc cch in PVC c kt cu li ng ti lm ngui chm, nhiu si bn xon, cch in c mang k hiu mu xanh v vng kt hp. 5.3-Khng |c dng dy nhm hoc nhm bc ng lm dy ni t chnh chn trong t hoc trc tip ni vi in cc. 5.4-Khng |c dng ph|ng tin bao che dy v cp in, dy thp treo cp in, v kim loi v lp bc thp ca cp lm dy ni t chnh. 5.5-Dy ni t chnh khng |c i chung vi dy dn ca mt t ng ct in nhnh hoc ca mt ph ti nhnh trong mt ng lun dy hoc ng bao che. 5.6-Phi chn tit din ca dy ni t chnh ph hp vi qui nh ca iu 6.2 hoc 6.3 v nu chn trong t hoc trc tip ni vi in cc, tit din ca dy

ni t chnh chn theo iu 6.2 hoc 6.3 cn phi tho mn iu kin b sung l khng |c nh hn gi tr qui nh trong bng 2. Bng 2 Bng qui nh tit din ti thiu ca dy ni t chnh chn trong t c bo v chng ph hng c hc c bo v chng n mn theo qui nh ca iu 6.2 25mm2 ng 50mm2 thp khng c bo v chng ph hng c hc 16mm2 ng 16mm2 thp 25mm2 ng 50mm2 thp

khng c bo v chng n mn

5.7-Khng cn chn tit din ca dy ni t chnh theo tit din ca dy pha mang in ca mch cp in tng trong cc tr|ng hp sau: a) Tr|ng hp trn tt c cc l cp in cho cc t ng ct in nhnh v cc ph ti nhnh, cch in kp |c duy tr sut t hng kp dy pha ph ti ca thit b bo v trong t ng ct in tng n tn hp dy vo ca ph ti in. Trong tr|ng hp ny c th chn tit din nh nht ca dy ni t chnh theo tit din ca dy pha mang in ca l ra c cng sut ln nht cp in cho t ng ct in nhnh hoc cho ph ti nhnh; b) Tr|ng hp dy dn ca mch cp in tng c tit din ln hn yu cu tho mn nhu cu ti a ca ph ti tng ca mng in do phi hn ch in p ri trn n.Trong tr|ng hp ny c th chn tit din nh nht ca dy ni t chnh theo tit din nh nht ca dy pha tho mn nhu cu ti a ca ph ti tng. Dy ni t chnh khng trc tip ni vi in cc t v khng chn d|i t c tit din chn ph hp vi 5.7 a hoc 5.7 b cn phi tho mn yu cu b sung l

khng |c nh hn 4 mm2 nu l dy ng hoc khng nh hn 16mm2 nu l dy nhm. Dy ni t chnh trc tip ni vi in cc hoc chn d|i t c tit din chn ph hp vi 5.7 a hoc 5.7 b cn phi tho mn iu kin b sung l khng |c nh hn gi tr qui nh trong bng 2 ca iu 5.6. 5.8-Dy ni t chnh khi i ni mt ngoi to nh phi |c bo v chng ph hng c hc trong phm vi 1,8m tnh t mt t hon thin. 5.9-Mi ni dy ni t chnh vo in cc t phi thc hin trong ging kim tra vi kp ni bng kim loi khng phi st hoc khu ni vng chc khc c b mt tip xc bng kim loi khng phi st |c k s| ph trch gim st lp t in ca ch u t| ph duyt. Phi d tr mt chiu cao ti thiu 150mm cho nh in cc nh ln khi mt t trong ging kim tra ni dy ni t chnh vo in cc t. 5.10-Mi ni ca dy ni t chnh vo thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh phi thc hin bng kp dy vng chc kp dy ni t chnh gia cc b mt kim loi v phi m bo khng lm bung cc si bn ca cp. Khi dng kp ni cp xit cht bng vt hoc bu lng th kp phi c khng t hn hai vt hoc bu lng. 5.11-Cnh mi im ni ca dy ni t chnh vi in cc t v cnh mi im ni ca dy ny vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh, phi treo bin cht do c ghi dng ch bn vng Mi ni in an ton, Khng |c tho vi phng ch d c, chiu cao ch khng d|i 4,75mm, v tr d trng thy.

6-Lp t dy bo v ca h thng ni t thit b cng nghip: 6.1-Dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th phi c tit din: - hoc tnh ton ph hp vi iu 6.2; - hoc, khi khng c iu kin tnh ton, c th chn theo bng 7 cho trong iu 6.3.

Trong c hai tr|ng hp, phi i chiu kt qu thu |c vi qui nh ca iu 6.4. 6.2-Dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th phi c tit din khng nh hn gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau y, ch p dng cho thi gian ct bo v khng qu 5 giy: S= trong : S l tit din tnh bng mm2 I l gi tr (hiu dng nu l dng xoay chiu) ca dng in chm t khi s c c tng tr khng ng k, c th chy qua thit b bo v c lin quan, tnh bng A t l thi gian tc ng ca thit b ct bo v, tnh bng giy k l tha s ph thuc vt liu ca dy bo v, cch in v cc tham s khc, nhit ban u v nhit cui ca n. Gi tr ca k i vi dy bo v trong cc ng dng hoc dch v khc nhau cho trong cc bng 3, 4, 5 v 6. Cc gi tr ca k da trn nhit ban u v nhit cui ghi y bng. Nu p dng cng thc trn m thu |c kch th|c phi tiu chun th kch th|c ca dy bo v phi ly bng gi tr tiu chun ln hn gn nht.
I2t mm2 k

Bng 3 - Gi tr k dng tnh dy bo v bc cch in khng lng trong cp v khng buc thnh chm vi cp hoc dng tnh dy bo v trn tip xc vi v bc cp Vt liu dy dn Cch in ca dy bo v hoc v bc cp PVC cao su 85oC n nh nhit 90oC ng Nhm Thp Nhit ban u gi thit Nhit cui 143 95 52 30oC 160oC 166 110 60 30oC 220oC 176 116 64 30oC 250oC

Bng 4 - Gi tr k dng tnh dy bo v l mt li lng trong cp hoc buc thnh chm vi cp Vt liu dy dn PVC Vt liu cch in cao su 85oC n nh nhit 90oC ng Nhm Nhit ban u gi thit 115 76 70oC 160oC 134 89 85oC 220oC 143 94 90oC 250oC

Nhit cui

Bng 5 - Gi tr k tnh dy bo v l v bc kim loi hoc lp bc thp ca cp Vt liu dy dn Cch in ca dy bo v hoc v bc cp PVC cao su 85oC n nh nhit 90oC ng Nhm Thp Nhit ban u gi thit Nhit cui 44 81 22 60oC 160oC 51 93 26 75oC 220oC 54 98 27 80oC 250oC

Bng 6 - Gi tr k dng tnh dy bo v khng bc cch in ni khng c nguy c lm h| hng vt liu t gn do nhit ch nh trong bng Vt liu dy dn nhn thy v trong din tch hn ch * ng 228 159 138 Cc iu kin cc iu kin thng th|ng c nguy c chy

Nhm Thp Nhit ban u gi thit Nhit cui: dy dn ng dy dn nhm dy dn thp Ghi ch:

125 82 30oC

105 58 30oC

91 50 30oC

500oC 300oC 500oC

200oC 200oC 200oC

150oC 150oC 150oC

* Nhit cho trong bng ch c gi tr khi n khng c hi cho cht l|ng mi ni.

6.3-Khi khng c d liu tnh tit din dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th theo cng thc cho trong iu 6.2, c th chn tit din ca dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th theo bng 7 mc du ph|ng php ny nhiu khi khng kinh t. Nu kch th|c thu |c ca dy bo v l phi tiu chun th chn dy tiu chun c tit din ln hn gn nht. Bng 7 - Tit din nh nht ca dy bo v tu thuc tit din ca dy pha trong mch t|ng ng Tit din ngang ca dy pha trong Tit din ngang nh nht ca dy bo mch t|ng ng (S) mm2 S @ 16 v (Sp) mm2 S

16 35 400

S @

35

16 S/2 200 S/4

S @ 400 S @ 800 S  800

Ghi ch: Cc gi tr qui nh trong bng 7 ch p dng cho dy bo v ch to bng kim loi ging ca dy pha trong mch t|ng ng. Cn nu khng phi nh| th th chn tit din ca dy bo v sao cho dn in ca n khng nh hn dn in ca dy bo v chn theo bng 7 |c gi nh c cng vt liu ch to vi dy pha. 6.4-Nu dy bo v l ring r, khng phi l thnh phn ca cp cp in, hoc ca ph|ng tin bao che cp th trong mi tr|ng hp, n phi c tit din khng nh hn: - 2,5mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc - 4mm2 nu khng c bo v c hc v phi ph hp vi qui nh ca cc iu 6.7, 6.8, 6.9 ca bn tiu chun ny. Vi dy bo v chn d|i t th p dng iu 5.6 ca bn tiu chun ny. Ring tit din ca dy ni ng th phi ph hp vi phn 7 ca bn tiu chun ny. 6.5-Tr|ng hp mt dy bo v |c dng chung cho nhiu mch nh| tr|ng hp ca trc ni t th tit din ca dy bo v phi: - |c tnh ton ph hp vi iu 6.2 vi gi tr km thun li nht ca dng chm t v ca thi gian tc ng ca thit b bo v, chn trong s cc mch c lin quan, hoc

- |c chn theo bng 7 cho trong iu 6.3 ng vi tit din ca dy pha ln nht trong s cc mch c lin quan. 6.6-Cc vt dn k sau y |c php dng lm dy bo v: - li dn trong mt cp nhiu li trong khi cc li kia dng lm dy mang in ca mch c dy bo v ; - dy trn hoc bc cch in t chung trong cng mt ph|ng tin bao che vi cc dy mang in ca mch c dy bo v ; - dy trn hoc dy bc cch in ri t c nh; - ng lun dy hoc cc ph|ng tin bao che dy khc bng kim loi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.12; - v kim loi, mn chn v lp bc thp ca mt s loi cp tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.13; - mt s b phn c tnh dn in ng ri.tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.14. 6.7-Dy bo v c tit din nh hn 10mm2 phi l dy ng hoc nhm bc ng nhiu si bn xon c s si bn khng |c t hn by. 6.8-Dy bo v li cng phi c tit din khng nh hn 10mm2 v chiu dy khng nh hn 1,5mm nu l dy ng dt hoc phi c tit din khng nh hn 16mm2 v chiu dy khng nh hn 2mm nu l dy nhm dt. 6.9-Tr khi c qui nh khc i, tt c cc dy bo v i ni trong h thng ni t ca thit bi in cng nghip phi l dy mt li bc cch in PVC c mang k hiu mu xanh v vng kt hp. Cc loi dy bo v sau y khng cn phi bc cch in: a) dy trn khng;

b) dy l|i dt; c) thanh dn cng; d) v bc cp c cch in khong; e) dy thp treo cp; f) ph|ng tin bao che dy in dng lm dy bo v; g) dy ng chn trc tip trong t hoc t trong ph|ng tin bao che chn d|i t.vi iu kin tit din ca n khng nh hn 35mm2 . 6.10-Dy bo v lng trong v bc kim loi ca mt cp nhiu li cng vi cc dy mang in ch |c dng ni t cho thit b in, k c tip im ni t ca cm, |c cp in t mch i bn trong cp . 6.11-Dy bo v i cng vi cc dy mang in bn trong mt ng lun dy hoc mng hp ch |c dng ni t cho thit b in, k c tip im ni t ca cm, |c cp in t mch i bn trong ng lun dy hoc mng hp . Tt c cc dy bo v t trong ng lun dy hoc mng hp bng kim loi phi ni vi ng lun dy hoc mng hp . 6.12-V bao che v khung kim loi ca trang b in do nh ch to t hp sn hoc v bao che kim loi ca h thng mng hp dn thanh ci |c php dng lm dy bo v nu chng ng thi tho mn ba yu cu sau y: a) tnh lin tc v in v kt cu c hc ca chng phi m bo kh nng bo v chng ph hng c hc, ho hc v in ho; b) tit din ca chng t nht cng phi bng kt qu tnh ton ph hp vi iu 6.2; c) cho php ni vo chng cc dy bo v khc ti cc im ni xc nh tr|c.

6.13-V bc kim loi v/hoc lp bc thp hoc lp bc kim loi khc ca cp, c bit l v bc ca cp c cch in khong c th dng lm dy bo v nu chng ng thi tho mn cc yu cu a v b ca iu 6.12. 6.14-Dy bo v hnh thnh t cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri phi ng thi tho mn bn yu cu sau y: a) tnh lin tc v in v kt cu c hc ca chng phi m bo kh nng bo v chng ph hng c hc, ho hc v in ho; b) tit din ca chng t nht phi bng kt qu tnh ton ph hp vi iu 6.2; c) phi c cc bin php gia c cn thn chng li s tho d chng; d) chng vn |c ch to cho cng dng ny hoc, nu cn, c th lm cho chng thch nghi vi cng dng ny. 6.15-Khng |c chn bt k thit b ng ct no vo trong mch ca dy bo v nh|ng cho php c cc mi ni chc chn c th tho bng dng c phc v mc ch th nghim. 6.16-Cc mi ni ca dy bo v phi v tr d tip cn kim tra v th nghim tr khi mi ni ca dy bo v l thnh phn ca mt khu ni cp in nm trong hp ni kn hoc nhn chm trong nha cch in. 6.17-ng lun dy hoc ng bao che bng kim loi, lp bc kim loi hoc v thp ca cp hoc dy thp treo, cp, nm ngoi hoc c sn bn trong si cp, ch |c php dng lm dy ni t bo v chnh mch in i trong ng kim loi hoc i trong cp . 6.18-Phi thi cng tht tt cc khu ni trn ng lun dy v mng dy in, lp bc kim loi v v thp ca cp m bo tnh lin tc v in ca dy bo v v phi c bin php bo v chng n mn v chng ph hng c hc cho cc khu ni .

6.19-ng kim loi v thnh phn ca cng trnh kt cu thp khi dng lm mt b phn ca dy bo v phi c cc cu ni kim loi vi kim loi. 6.20-ng kim loi dn kh t hoc cht lng d chy khng |c dng lm dy bo v. Yu cu ny khng ngn cn vic ni dy ng th vo cc ng . 6.21-Tuyn khay hoc thang cp phi m bo tnh lin tc v in v phi ni vo l|i in cc t ca ngun cp in cho cc cp i trong n sau mi khong cch khng qu 30m, nh|ng khng |c dng bn thn khay hoc thang cp lm dy ni t. Vic la chn v lp t dy bo v ca cc mch in i trong khay hoc thang cp phi tun theo qui nh ca iu 3.20. 6.22-ng lun dy bng kim loi co dn hoc gp |c khng |c dng lm dy bo v. 6.23-Khng |c dng dy bo v xut pht t thanh ci hoc hng kp ni t ca mt t in ny ni t cho thit b |c cp in t mt t in khc. 6.24-Cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca cc kh c in khng |c dng lm thnh phn ca dy bo v cho mt thit b in khc. 6.25-Dy ni t bo v khng |c i ngang qua cc kt cu st t trnh hin t|ng cm ng v hiu ng gn, c th lm tng tng tr mch vng chm t c lin quan. 6.26-Trong trm bin p phn x|ng, cho php lp t mt mch vng trc ni t trong nh trm cho ni vo mch vng ny cc nhnh r l cc dy ni t bo v ca cc thit b in v kim loi bao che ca trm. Cc mch vng trc ni t ny c th chy men theo t|ng, dc theo cc rnh cp hoc cc tuyn khay cp v phi ni vi l|i in cc bao quanh trm t nht hai im cch xa nhau. 6.27-Trong mng in phn x|ng, cho php lp t cc trc ni t trong v ngoi nh x|ng cho ni vo trc ny cc nhnh r l cc dy ni t bo v ca khung, v t hoc bng in, ph kin kim loi phc v lp t dy in, ct

n |ng trong cng trnh, bnh b, ng cng ngh v cc kt cu kim loi ca nh x|ng v bng ti. Cc trc ni t ny c th chy men theo t|ng, dc theo cc rnh cp, hoc cc tuyn khay, thang cp v phi ni vo l|i ni t thng nht ca ton cng trnh sau mi khong cch khng qu 50m. 6.28-Khng |c ni dy ni t bo v t thit b ny sang thit b khc tr|c khi ni vi trc ni t hoc vi thanh ci ni t chnh ca phn x|ng. 6.29-Cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri khng |c dng lm dy PEN. 6.30-Ph|ng tin kim loi bao che dy v cp in khng |c dng lm dy PEN 6.31-Dy PEN phi |c bc cch in ph hp vi in p cao nht ca mng in c th lp t n trong mng in , nh|ng dy PEN khng bt buc phi cch in khi n i bn trong cc t hp thit b ng ct v thit b iu khin. 6.32-Nu dng thit b gim st v kim tra mch ni t th khng |c chn cun dy ng tc vo mch ca dy bo v. 6.33-Dy bo v mch ca mch cp in cho ph ti mch vng cng phi chy theo mch vng v phi ni t c hai u ti ni mch in xut pht. 6.34-Khi dng thit b bo v chng in git tc ng theo in p s c, phi l|u ch ni dy bo v vo b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in c ngun cp s b ct bi thit b bo v khi c s c chm t. 6.35-Ni no mt kh c in |c cp in bng cp mm hoc dy in mm ni vi phch v cm th: a) dy ni t sn c trong cp hoc dy in mm phi ni vi chu ni t ring bit ca phch cm; b) ngoi ra nu cp hoc dy in mm c v bc kim loi th v bc phi phi ni tht tt v in v v c vi khung kim loi ca kh c in

v vi phn kim loi ni t ca phch v ca khu ni chuyn tip , nu c, gia phch v cm. 6.36-Phi lm u ct cho u dy bo v ni vi b phn kim loi h ca thit b in. Kch th|c ca u ct phi ph hp vi tit in ca dy bo v v ph hp vi l bu lng dnh sn cho mc ch ni t. Khi lm u ct cho u dy bo v thit b in, khng |c ng tip xc vi nhm. 6.37-Phi lm u ct ng cho u dy bo v ng ni vi cc bnh b hoc ng cng ngh hoc cc kt cu kim loi cn ni t khc. 6.38-i vi cp c v kim loi v cc lp kim loi che chn bn trong, phi ni cc lp kim loi che chn bn trong vi v kim loi ca cp, cn mi ni chnh ca dy ni t bo v th phi thc hin trn v kim loi ca cp v nu cp lun qua mt bin dng pha khng th dy ni t bo v phi lun qua bin dng pha khng tr|c khi ni vi t. 6.39-Kh nng ti dng in ca kp hoc ph kin u ni ca dy bo v phi bng hoc ln hn so vi cc thnh phn dn in |c ni vi nhau. 6.40-Khi cn thit, dy ni t bo v ca mi ct n |ng v ca mi ct ca |ng dy ti in trong hng ro cng trnh c th ni vi trc ni t xuyn qua mt mch vng san bng th c bn knh 1m bng thp dt m km 25 x 3 chn quanh mng ct su 0,45m tnh t mt t lin th.

7-Lp t dy ni ng th: 7.1-Phi la chn v lp t cc dy ni ng th theo ng cc yu cu ca bn tiu chun ny nhm hn ch n mc thp nht nguy c xut hin chnh lch in p gia cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in v cc b phn c tnh dn in tip cn |c khng lin quan n thit b in.

7.2-|ng ng kim loi dn n|c chnh ca mt to nh c cha trang b dng in phi |c ni t bng mt dy ni ng th chnh ni n vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca mng in ca to nh v phi m bo tnh lin tc v kim loi ca phn |ng ng ni trn mt t t bn trong to nh ra ti im tip xc vi mt t. 7.3-i vi dch v cp n|c, im ni ca dy ni ng th chnh phi thc hin cng gn im |ng ng bt u i vo cng trnh cng tt vi iu kin l nu ti im |ng ng c mt on ng cch in chn vo th im ni ng th phi thc hin phn kim loi cnh on ng cch in ny v pha h tiu dng. 7.4-Cc h thng ng khc lin quan vi cc hng phun n|c cu ho hoc dn kh t, n|c nng, cht lng chy, kh trnh khi tip xc vi b phn c tnh dn in h ca cc ph|ng tin bao che dy in v cc thit b in khc, u phi ni ng th vi cc thit b in . Cc b phn kim loi thuc cc h thng khc cn ni ng th |c lit k sau y: - cc b phn kim loi tip cn |c ca cc tuyn ng, thng, b cng ngh; - kt cu thp tip cn |c; - khung s|n ca cn cu, ca thang my v ca thit b t|ng t. 7.5-i vi ng dch v cp kh t, im ni ng th phi nm cnh ng h o v pha h tiu dng, gia u ni vi ng h v nhnh ng r u tin v cch ng h khng qu 60cm. 7.6-Vt liu v chng loi ca dy ni ng th phi tho mn mi yu cu trong phn 6 ca bn tiu chun ny i vi dy bo v ni chung. Dy ni ng th vn hnh trong iu kin m thp phi l dy bc cch in mt li bng ng ti lm ngui chm nhiu si bn xon, c s si bn khng t hn by.

7.7-Khng |c dng dy nhm hoc nhm bc ng lm dy ni ng th lp t trong khu vc cc thng, b cha n|c, hoc ni vo cc b phn th|ng xuyn tip xc vi n|c k c n|c xut hin do ng|ng t trong iu kin vn hnh bnh th|ng, hoc ni vi cc |ng ng dn cc sn phm nhit cao hn hoc thp hn nhit mt tr|ng. 7.8-Dy ni ng th chnh phi c tit din khng nh hn mt na tit din ca dy bo v ln nht ca mng in v trong mi tr|ng hp khng |c nh hn 6mm2 nu l dy ng hoc khng |c nh hn 10mm2 nu l dy nhm. Tuy vy, tit din ca n khng cn phi ln hn 25mm2 nu l dy ng hoc phi c mt tit din tho mn dn in t|ng |ng nu l dy bng vt liu khc. 7.9-Dy ni ng th b sung ni hai b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in phi c tit din khng nh hn tit din ca dy bo v nh hn trong s cc dy bo v ni vo cc b phn c tnh dn in h ny v trong mi tr|ng hp khng nh hn 2,5mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc khng nh hn 4mm2 nu khng c bo v c hc. 7.10-Dy ni ng th b sung ni mt b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in vi mt b phn c tnh dn in ng ri phi c tit din khng nh hn mt na tit din ca dy bo v ni vo b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in v trong mi tr|ng hp khng nh hn 2,5mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc khng nh hn 4mm2 nu khng c bo v c hc. 7.11-Dy ni ng th b sung ni hai b phn c tnh dn in ng ri phi c tit din khng nh hn 2,5mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc khng nh hn 4mm2 nu khng c bo v c hc, ngoi tr tr|ng hp mt trong hai b phn c tnh dn in ng ri ni trn ni vi mt b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in v trong tr|ng hp ny dy ni ng th b sung ni hai b phn c tnh dn in ng ri phi c tit din khng nh hn mt na tit din ca dy bo v ni vo b phn c tnh dn in h

ca thit b in v trong mi tr|ng hp khng nh hn 2,5mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc khng nh hn 4mm2 nu khng c bo v c hc. 7.12-Cho php dng cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri ph hp ca mt kt cu th|ng trc v bn vng hoc cc vt dn b sung hoc kt hp c hai lm dy ni ng th b sung. 7.13-Vic thi cng cc mi ni v lm u cui cho dy ni ng th phi tun theo mi qui nh trong phn 6 ca bn tiu chun ny i vi dy bo v ni chung.

8-Lp t h thng ni t thit b in cao p v trm bin p h p 8.1-Phn 8 qui nh thm nhng yu cu ni t nhm m bo an ton cho ng|i v thit b lm vic trong h thng in h p khi c ngn mch chm t trong h thng in cao p pha s cp ca trm bin p cp in cho h thng in h p ngoi nhng yu cu ni t qui nh trong cc phn khc ca bn tiu chun ny. 8.2- ln v thi gian duy tr ln nht ca in p s c chm t ca h thng in h p khi c ngn mch chm t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp in cho h thng in h p khng |c v|t qu cc gi tr cho trong bng 8. Bng 8 - Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p s c chm t ca h thng in h p ph thuc ln ca n khi c ngn mch chm t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp in. Tr s hiu dng ca in p li trn trang b ni t V @ 75 90 Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p li trn trang b ni t s 5,00 1,00

120 150 220 350 420 500 600 670

0,60 0,50 0,40 0,34 0,27 0,15 0,08 0,04

8.3- ln v thi gian duy tr ca in p tn s cng nghip c hi cho cch in ca thit b trong mng in h p khi c ngn mch chm t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp in cho h thng in h p khng |c v|t qu cc gi tr cho trong bng 9. Bng 9 - Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p tn s cng nghip c hi cho cch in ca thit b trong mng in h p ph thuc ln ca n khi c ngn mch chm t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp in. Gi tr ln nht cho php ca in p c hi cho cch in thit b trong mng in h p V 1,5 Un 1,5 Un + 750 5 @5 Thi gian duy tr s

Ghi ch: Un l in p danh nh gia dy pha v t

8.4-H thng ni t ca mt trm bin p cp in cho thit b in h p nn l mt h thng ni t chung cho cc thit b in cao v h p v phi ni vo cc i t|ng sau y: a) tt c cc b phn kim loi tip cn |c dng ng hoc dy dn cao p; b) tt c cc b phn kim loi ni vi cc b phn kim loi k trong mc a; c) v kim loi bao che ca trm bin p v ca cc thit b in cao p; d) cc chng st van cao p; e) v v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp cao v h p; f) trung tnh h p ca my bin p; g) v thng my bin p; h) cc chng st van h p; i) thanh ci ni t ca t ng ct in tng ca mng h p; j) dy ni ng th chnh ca h thng ng n|c chn ngm; k) kim loi h ca thanh ging v gn tng cng ca sn v t|ng. Cc i t|ng cn ni t k trn phi ni vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca trm bin p nh| minh ho trn hnh 2.

8.5-Mi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca h thng ni t ca trm bin p phi c t nht hai dy ni vi in cc t. Nn ni hai dy ni t chnh cn c y vo cc gc i din nm hai u mt |ng cho ca mch vng in cc t bao quanh trm. 8.6-Cho php thc hin mt h thng ni t chung cho cc thit b in cao v h p ca trm bin p nu in tr ni t ca n khng ln hn 1 '. H thng ni t chung ca trm bin p c in tr ni t khng ln hn 1 ' |c coi l tho mn cc qui nh trong cc iu 8.8 v 8.9 ca bn tiu chun ny. 8.7-Tr|ng hp khng th p ng yu cu ca mc 8.6 th trang b ni t ca trm bin p phi ng thi tho mn cc qui nh trong cc iu 8.8 v 8.9 ca bn tiu chun ny nhm m bo an ton cho ng|i v thit b lm vic trong

h thng in h p khi c ngn mch chm t trong h thng in cao p ca trm bin p cp ngun cho h thng in h p va ni. 8.8-H thng ni t ca trm bin p phi tun th cc qui nh 8.8.1; 8.8.2; 8.8.3 v 8.8.4 tu thuc tng cu hnh ni t pha h p. 8.8 1-Cc k hiu |c s dng trong cc mc tip theo: Im l phn ca dng in ngn mch chm t trong h thng in cao p chy qua in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p. R l in tr ca in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p. Uo l in p pha tc in p gia dy pha vi dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p. U l in p dy tc in p gia dy pha vi dy pha ca h thng in h p. Uf l in p s c chm t hay cn gi l in p li trn trang b ni t trong h thng in h p. U1 l in p c hi cho cch in ca thit b in h p ca trm bin p U2 l in p c hi cho cch in ca thit b in h p ca mng in h p. 8.8.2-Cc h thng TN: a) Ch |c ni dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p vo in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem TN-a trn hnh 3) khi c th ct in p s c chm t R x Im ra khi cc b phn ny trong khong thi gian cho trong bng 8. Ghi ch: Nu cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng in nm trong vng nh h|ng ca dy ni ng th chnh th in p chm s c gi tr bng 0. b) Nu khng tho mn |c iu kin ghi trong mc a ca iu 8.8.2 th dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p phi ni t xuyn qua mt in

cc t c lp v in (xem TN-b trn hnh 3). Trong tr|ng hp ny, phi p dng mc 8.9.1 ca bn tiu chun ny. 8.8.3-Cc h thng TT: a) Ch |c ni dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p vo in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem TT-a trn hnh 4) khi m bo |c mi t|ng quan gia in p t ln cch in ca thit b (R x Im + Uo) v thi gian ct in p ra khi thit b cho trong bng 9 dnh cho thit b ca mng in h p. b) Nu khng tho mn |c iu kin ghi trong mc a ca iu 8.8.3 th dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p phi ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in (xem TT-b trn hnh 4). Trong tr|ng hp ny, phi p dng mc 8.9.1 ca bn tiu chun ny. Ghi ch: Nu cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng in nm trong vng nh h|ng ca dy ni ng th chnh th in p chm s c gi tr bng 0. 8.8.4-Cc h thng IT: a) Ch |c ni cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng in vo in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem cc hnh 5, 10, 11) khi c th ct in p s c chm t R x Im ra khi cc b phn ny trong khong thi gian cho trong bng 8. b) Nu khng tho mn |c iu kin ghi trong mc a ca iu 8.8.4 th cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng in phi ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in i vi in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem cc hnh t 6 n 9).

c) Khi cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng in ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in i vi in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p nh| qui nh trong mc b ca iu 8.8.4 v khi m bo |c mi t|ng quan gia in p t ln cch in ca thit b (R x Im + U) v thi gian ct in p ra khi thit b cho trong bng 9 dnh cho thit b in h p ca mng in th tng tr trung tnh ca h thng in h p, nu c, |c php ni vo in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem hnh 6). d) Khi cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng in ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in i vi in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p nh| qui nh trong mc b ca iu 8.8.4 nh|ng khng m bo |c mi t|ng quan gia gi tr in p v thi gian ct ni trong mc c ca iu 8.8.4 th tng tr trung tnh pha h p, nu c, phi ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in (xem cc hnh 7 v 9). Trong tr|ng hp ny phi p dng mc 8.9.2 ca bn tiu chun ny. 8.9- hn ch in p c hi cho cch in trong thit b in h p, phi tun th cc qui nh 8.9.1 v 8.9.2 tu thuc tng loi hnh ca h thng ni t pha h p. 8.9.1-Cc h thng TN v TT Trong cc h thng TN v TT nu dy trung tnh ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in i vi in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem TN-b trong hnh 3 v TT-b trong hnh 4) th phi m bo ct kp thi in p c hi cho cch in (R x Im + Uo) ra khi thit b h p ca trm bin p trong khong thi gian t|ng thch vi cp cch in ca thit b h p .

Ghi ch: Cp cch in ca thit b h p ca trm bin p c th cao hn gi tr cho trong bng 9. 8.9.2-Cc h thng IT Trong cc h thng IT nu cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b h p ca mng in v c tng tr trung tnh h p, nu c, u ni t qua cc in cc t c lp v in i vi in cc t ca trm bin p (xem cc hnh 7, 8 v 9) th phi m bo ct kp thi in p c hi cho cch in (R x Im + U ) ra khi thit b h p ca trm bin p trong khong thi gian t|ng thch vi cp cch in ca thit b h p . Ghi ch: Cp cch in ca thit b h p ca trm bin p c th cao hn gi tr cho trong bng 9. 8.10-Tt c cc b phn ca h thng ni t bao gm im ni t trung tnh h p phi |c thit k v lp t sao cho chng khng b h| hi khi c dng chm t chy qua. Tuy nhin khi s dng h thng ni t chung, kch th|c ca dy ni t cho thng my bin p phi |c tnh ton trn c s dng chm t ln nht c th xy ra. 8.11-Khi khng th tho mn cc iu kin ca mt h thng ni t chung cho cc thit b in cao p v h p ca trm bin p cp in cho thit b in h p th |c php s dng hai h thng ni t ring r, mi h thng nh| th c mt thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ni vi in cc t c lp v in i vi in cc t ca h thng kia. 8.11.1-Cc phn t sau y phi |c ni vo thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca thit b in cao p:

a) tt c cc b phn kim loi h tip cn |c dng ng hoc dy in cao p k c cc b phn kim loi ni lin v c kh vi cc b phn kim loi h ; b) v kim loi bao che ca trm bin p v ca thit b in cao p; c) v thng my bin p; d) chng st van cao p; e) v v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp cao p; f) kim loi h ca thanh ging v gn tng cng ca sn v t|ng. 8.11.2-Cc phn t sau y phi |c ni vo thanh ci hoc u cui ni t chnh ca thit b in h p: g) im trung tnh h p ca my bin p; h) chng st van h p, nu c; i) v v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp h p; j) b phn kim loi h ch lin quan n h thng in h p. 8.12-Phi duy tr c ly khng t hn 2m gia in cc t ca thit b cao p v in cc t ca thit b h p. C ly gia dy dn chn ngm ni vi cc in cc t ca thit b cao p v dy dn chn ngm ni vi cc in cc t ca thit b h p cng phi p dng tiu chun ny. 8.13- ni t cho thit b in cao p trong mng c trung tnh ni t hiu qu, phi lp t mt l|i ni t gm cc in cc t nm ngang theo chiu di v theo chiu rng ca din tch t thit b in cao p v |c ni vi nhau thnh cc mt lui. Phi ni dy ni t ca cc thit b in cao p vo l|i ni t ny.

Phi t cc in cc theo chiu di gia cc dy thit b in, dc theo hnh lang phc v hoc li i li. Cn cc in cc theo chiu rng phi t cc v tr thun tin gia cc thit b in. Cc in cc nm ngang phi t theo chu vi ca din tch t thit b hnh thnh mt mch vng kn. Khong cch gia cc in cc nhn to nm ngang |c qui nh bi thit k nh|ng trong mi tr|ng hp khng |c ln hn 30m. Kch th|c cc l|i tip gip vi ch ni im trung tnh ca bin p lc v dao ngn mch vi l|i ni t khng |c ln hn 6m x 6 m. Cc in cc nm ngang phi t su khng nh hn 0,5m v cch mng hay b t thit b khng t hn 0,8m. Cc in cc nm ngang t dc theo chu vi ca din tch t thit b cao p ngoi tri phi |c chn su khng nh hn 1,2m v cch hng ro khng t hn 2m. Mch vng ni t ngoi cng ny nn c dng a gic c cc gc t. 8.14- ni t cc thit b in cao p trong mng c trung tnh cch ly, phi lp t mt mch vng ni t chy dc theo chu vi ca din tch t cc thit b v ni dy ni t ca cc thit b vi mch vng ni t ny. Mch vng ni t c th gm nhng in cc nm ngang t su khng nh hn 0,5m v cch mng hay b t thit b khng t hn 0,8m. Khi in tr ni t ln hn gi tr qui nh, phi t thm cc in cc nm ngang gia cc dy thit b in dc theo hnh lang phc v hay li i li. Cng c th s dng in cc t dng cc nhn ng thng ng hoc nghing v ni cc nh cc li vi nhau thnh mt mch vng ni t. 8.15-L|i ni t ca trm ng ct cao p ngoi tri phi tho mn cc yu cu sau y: a) tng tr mch vng chm t phi thp; b) tng tr i vi dng cao tn phng in kh quyn phi thp;

c) in p chm v in p b|c khng v|t qu gi tr cho php; d) nhiu n i vi h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh cng nghip phi mc ti thiu; e) in p truyn lan ra ngoi khi c chm t phi mc thp nht; f) cc tuyn ng v |ng ray i qua hng ro cng trnh thuc khu vc ny phi c on chn cch ly v in.

9-Lp t cc hnh thi ni t cho h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh: 9.1-Phi ni t cc thit b thuc cu hnh ca h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh bo v chng in git cho nhn vin vn hnh v ng|i bo tr v cn chng nhiu cho mch tn hiu. H thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh c hai hnh thi ni t: - ni t khung hay cn gi l ni t bo v; - ni t tn hiu hay cn gi l ni t chng nhiu. Bn trong cc bng v bn iu khin thuc h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh, hai hnh thi ni t ni trn phi tch bit i vi nhau. 9.2-Trong mi bng hoc bn iu khin phi c mt on thanh ci hoc u cc ni t dnh ring cho hnh thi ni t khung v phi ni n vi mt trc ni t bng mt dy bo v ring. Trc ni t ny phi xut pht t mt thanh ci ni t chnh dnh ring cho cc thit b thuc h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh. 9.3-H thng ni t ca cc thit b iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh tr in cc t phi hnh thnh c lp, khng cho ni vo cc dy bo v thit b thuc h thng khc. Tu theo mc nguy him ca cc s c chm t t thun li nht trong h thng cp in i vi cc thit b iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh v kh nng hn ch in p tng trn in cc t ca h thng cp in m thanh ci ni t chnh ca cc thit b iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh - hoc phi ni vi mt l|i in cc t c lp v in;

- hoc |c php ni vi l|i in cc t ca h thng cp in ch ti mt im duy nht. 9.4-Khung kim loi ca mi bng iu khin, bn iu khin, bng ni dy cp ra, t van in t phi ni t bng mt dy bo v ring ni vo mt trc ni t. Trc ni t ny phi t trong rnh cp hoc khay cp men theo cc dy t, bng v bn iu khin cho cc dy bo v ni vo n c chiu di ngn nht. Khng |c b cc dy bo v ring ca tng bng hoc bn iu khin v thay bng cc on dy ni bc cu kiu mt xch gia cc im ni t khung, v ca cc t, bng hoc bn iu khin vi ni t cho c dy bng mt dy bo v n. 9.5-Nu cc t, bng hoc bn iu khin |c xp theo dy v mi t u c mt on thanh ci ni t khung th c th ni cc on thanh ci ny vi nhau thnh mt thanh ci t hp thng qua cc khp ni ch to sn ri ni t cho c dy bng mt dy bo v n. 9.6-Phi ni t khung ca cc t, bng v bn iu khin bng mt dy bo v ni vo mt trc ni t nu khung |c t chm trong b tng sn hoc l mt b phn ca sn gi nh| th hin trn hnh 12. Khng cn ni t khung ca t, bng hoc bn iu khin nu khung |c hn vo cc dm ngang tho mn cc yu cu i vi mt dy ni t. 9.7- Dy ni t bo v ca tng thit b bn trong bng hoc bn iu khin do nh ch to lp t sn phi l dy ng c tit din thay i t 5,5 n 38 mm2. Dy bo v ni khung kim loi ca mi bng hoc bn iu khin vi trc ni t phi c tit din qui nh bi thit k, nh|ng trong mi tr|ng hp khng |c nh hn tit din ca dy ni t bo v ln nht trong bng hoc bn iu khin . 9.8-Thit b o l|ng iu khin c ngun cp in khc nhau phi |c ni t ring bit i vi nhau ngay c khi chng |c lp t cng mt ch tr khi mi

tuyn cp in ni trn c mt bin p cch ly chn vo gia v dy t bin p cch ly ni vi ph ti c cch in tht m bo v khng ni vi im ni t ca ngun in c lin quan. 9.9-Khi lp t h thng ni t chng nhiu, mi |ng dn chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu ch |c php ni t mt pha nh| h|ng dn trn hnh 13 v theo cc qui nh sau: a-V chng nhiu nm trong cch in ca cc cp tn hiu i t cc t MCC n cc bng m un I/O ca h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh phi ni t chng nhiu mt pha, th|ng thc hin trong cc t ni dy cp ra lin quan vi cc bng m un I/O ni trn. Dy ni v chng nhiu ca cp vi hng kp ni t chng nhiu phi lng trong ghen cch in. b- V chng nhiu nm trong cch in ca cc cp tn hiu i t cc cm bin, cc b tc ng v cc tip im van in t n hp ni trong phn x|ng v v chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu c lin quan i t hp ni trong phn x|ng n cc bng m un I/O ca h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh phi |c ni vi nhau thng qua hng kp dy trung gian cch in vi t t trong hp ni v v chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu i t hp ni ny n cc bng m un I/O ca h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh phi ni t chng nhiu mt pha, th|ng thc hin trong cc t ni dy cp ra lin quan vi cc bng m un I/O ni trn. Dy ni v chng nhiu ca cp vi hng kp ni t trung gian v vi hng kp ni t chng nhiu u phi lng trong ghen cch in. 9.10-Khi lp t cc dy ni t chng nhiu, phi trnh khng chng hnh thnh mt mch vng kn l nguyn nhn gy ra nhiu cm ng in t. 9.11-u dy ni v chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu phi |c ni vi hng kp ni t chng nhiu bng u ct c l bt vt hoc bng u ty p lun vo l ca hng kp dy c c cu xit cht.

10-Kim tra h thng ni t thit b: 10.1- Ton b h thng ni t thit b phi |c kim tra nghim thu, kim tra nh k v kim tra t xut nhm chng minh bng thc nghim rng n khng c khuyt tt v in v v c v rng n tho mn mi yu cu ca bn tiu chun ny. Cc ph|ng php kim tra phi m bo khng xy ra nguy him cho ng|i hoc ti sn hoc h| hng thit b ngay c khi i t|ng kim tra c khuyt tt. Phi chun b sn sng cho ng|i kim tra cc thng tin cn thit nh|: - thit k v bn v hon cng ca mt bng lp t in cc, s sp xp cc loi dy bo v k c dy ni ng th c ghi r s l|ng, kch th|c v chng loi dy; - thng tin cn thit nhn dng cc thit b thc hin chc nng bo v, cch ly ng ct v v tr lp t ca chng; - thuyt minh bin php s dng phi hp cc c tnh ca thit b bo v, bin php ni t ca mng in v tng tr ca mch c lin quan, nhm hn ch ln v thi gian duy tr ca in p chm khi xy ra s c chm t; - chng ch vt liu v bin bn th nghim ca nh cp hng. 10.2- Kim tra nghim thu |c thc hin sau khi lp t xong v tr|c khi |a vo s dng. Ni dung kim tra nghim thu gm: 10.2.1- Kim tra bng mt: Tr|c ht phi kim tra cc b phn ca h thng ni t t ngm d|i t tr|c khi lp t hoc trong kt cu tr|c khi y kn ri mi n cc b phn t ni. Cc b|c kim tra bng mt gm:

- kim tra thc t lp t so vi thit k; - kim tra vic s dng vt liu theo yu cu ca thit k; - kim tra tt c cc mi hn, mi ni; - kim tra bin php chng n mn; - kim tra bin php bo v mch dn chng ph hng c hc, c bit khi i qua cc khe ln, khe co dn v vt ch|ng ngi khc; - kim tra bin php chng in p chm v in p b|c nh|ng ni cn thit; - kim tra vic lp t. 10.2.2-Kim tra bng thit b o: - thng mch v kim tra cht l|ng u ni ca dy ni t bo v thuc cc mch cp in cho ph ti mch vng; - thng mch v kim tra cht l|ng u ni ca tt c cc dy bo v k c cc dy ni ng th chnh v dy ni ng th b sung; - o in tr ca in cc t; - o tng tr mch vng chm t; - kim tra tc ng ca thit b dng in d|. 10.3-Kim tra nh k phi thc hin theo thi gian qui nh sau: a) i vi h thng ni t lp t ni t nguy him th thc hin hai nm mt ln; b) i vi h thng ni t lp t ni nguy him th thc hin mt nm mt ln;

c) i vi h thng ni t lp t ni c bit nguy him th thc hin su thng mt ln. Ghi ch: - phi o in tr ni t ca h thng c v ma kh ln ma m|a; - xem Ph lc 2: Phn loi ni lp t h thng ni t theo mc nguy him. 10.4-Kim tra t xut phi thc hin: - khi xy ra tai nn, s c hoc c nguy c xy ra tai nn; - sau khi sa cha h thng ni t hoc lp t li thit b in; - sau khi c lt, bo, ng t, ho hon nh h|ng xu n cht l|ng ca h thng ni t thit b; - khi xy dng mi hay hay sa cha cc cng trnh khc c kh nng lm h| hng cc b phn ca h thng ni t. 10.5-Ni dung kim tra nh k v kim tra t xut gm: - kim tra ton b h thng ni t; - kim tra cc mi hn , mi ni; - kim tra tnh trng cc lp m hoc sn chng n mn; - kim tra cc mt tip xc v in; - kim tra phn ngm, ch no nghi ng th phi o ln; - kim tra tnh trng t; - o in tr ca in cc t; - o tng tr mch vng chm t;

- kim tra tc ng ca thit b dng in d|. 10.6-Sau khi tin hnh kim tra h thng ni t ph hp vi cc yu cu ca bn tiu chun ny, n v kim tra phi lp cc bin bn kim tra cn thit trao cho n v giao vic. Mi thiu st |c pht hin trong qu trnh kim tra phi |c khc phc v hon thin tr|c khi cp chng ch.

ph lc A ca tcxdvn............

Thut ng v nh ngha

1-Thit b in (Electrical equipment): Sn phm in phc v cc mc ch pht, bin i, truyn ti, phn phi v s dng in nng nh| cc my in,

my bin p, kh c in, my o in, r le bo v, vt t| v ph kin lp t dy in, dng in. 2-Mng in (Electrical installation): Mt tp hp thit b in lin quan vi nhau v mt mc ch sn xut v c mt s c tnh kt hp. 3-Trang b ng ct (Switchgear): Mt tp hp kh c ng ct in chnh v ph dng cho vn hnh, iu chnh, bo v hoc cho cc mc ch khc nhm kim sot mng in. 4-T ng ct tng (Main switchtboard): T cha trang b ng ct t c th kim sot vic cp in cho ton b mng in. 5-T phn phi: (Distribution board): T cha cc trang b ng ct khng phi t ng ct tng. 6-Cch in kp (Double insulation): Cch in hai lp, lp nm st b phn mang in gi l cch in c bn v lp th hai gi l cch in b sung. 7-B phn c tnh dn in h (Exposed conductive part): B phn c tnh dn in khng |c bao che ca thit b in m con ng|i c th chm vo, bnh th|ng khng mang in nh|ng c th tr thnh mang in trong iu kin s c. 8-B phn c tnh dn in ng ri (Extraneous conductive part): B phn c tnh dn in ng ring l, khng lin quan n thit b in, cn |c |a v mt in th, thng th|ng bng in th t. 9-t (Earth): Ton khi t c tnh dn in m in th ca n bt k im no cng c gi tr quy |c bng khng. 10-in cc t (Earth electrode): Mt vt dn hoc mt nhm vt dn chn d|i t v tip xc cht ch vi t, t hnh thnh mi ni in c hiu qu vi ton khi t.

11-in cc t c lp v in (Electrically independent earth electrode): in cc t ng cch xa cc in cc khc n mc dng in chm t ln nht c c hi chy qua in cc ny nh h|ng khng ng k n in th ca cc in cc khc. 12-in cc t nhn to (Artificial earth electrode): in cc |c ch to s dng ring cho mc ch ni t. 13-in cc t t nhin (Natural earth electrode): Cc b phn c tnh dn in ca |ng ng, nh v cng trnh d|i t tip xuc cht ch vi t v |c tn dng lm in cc t. 14-in tr ca in cc t (Earth electrode resistance): in tr ca mt in cc t i vi t. in cc t y |c hiu theo nh ngha 10 ca ph lc ny. 15-Thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh (Main earthing bar or terminal): Thanh ci hoc u cc ni t ca mt ngun cp in hoc ca mt mng in c lin quan, dng ni tt c cc loi dy bo v k c dy ni ng th chnh, dy ni t chc nng nu c, ca ngun hoc mng in vi in cc t. Thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh th|ng t trong hp phn b t (Earth dispatcher) hay cn gi l hp chia t (Earth divider). 16-Dy bo v (Protective conductor): Dy dn dng bo v chng in git v dng ni mt s trong cc b phn sau y li vi nhau: - b phn c tnh dn in h; - b phn c tnh dn in ng ri; - thanh ci hoc u cc ni t; - in cc t; - im ni t ca ngun in, hoc mt im trung tnh nhn to. Dy bo v l tn gi chung ca cc loi dy sau y: - dy bo v mch; - dy ni ng th chnh;

- dy ni ng th b sung; - trc ni t; - dy ni t chnh. 17-Dy bo v mch (Circuit protective conductor): Dy bo v ni cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mt thit b in vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t ca t cp in cho thit b in hoc vi mt trc ni t xut pht t t . 18-Dy ni ng th chnh (Main equipotential bonding conductor): Dy bo v ni ng th cho cc |ng ng ci kim loi trong cng trnh cng nghip. 19-Dy ni ng th b sung (Supplementary equipotential bonding conductor): Dy bo v ni ng th cho cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri. 20-Trc ni t (Common earthing conductor): Dy ni t c mt hoc hai u ni vi thanh ci ni t chnh hoc vi l|i in cc t v i dc theo cc dy t bng in, thit b cng ngh, kt cu thp ca nh x|ng cho ni vo bn thn n cc dy ni t ca cc i t|ng cn ni t va k. 21-Dy ni t chnh (Main earthing conductor): Dy bo v ni thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca mt ngun cp in hoc ca mt mng in vi in cc t hoc vi mt ph|ng tin ni t ni vi in cc t.. 22-Ni ng th (Equipotential bonding): Ni in nhm |a cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in v cc b phn c tnh dn in tip cn |c khng lin quan n thit b in v mt mc in th thc cht bng nhau. 23-Ni t bo v (Protective earthing): Ni vi ton th khi t theo ng yu cu ca bn tiu chun ny nhm m bo cch ly kp thi thit b |c bo v khi ngun in nh mt trang b ct t ng khi pht hin |c dng in r ra v thit b. 24-Ni t chc nng (Functional earthing): Ni t nhm m bo ch lm vic ca thit b in, cn gi l ni t lm vic.

25-H thng ni t (Earthing system): Tt c cc dy bo v, thanh ci hoc u cc ni t, kp ni t v in cc t, k c cc ph|ng tin kim loi bao che dy km theo cc dy bo v v cc kp ni t ni trn, dng duy tr mt s b phn no ca mng in c lin quan in th t. 26-H thng (System): H thng bao gm mt ngun in nng n v mt mng in. Trn quan im ni t, cn phn bit cc h thng cp in ca cc cng trnh cng nghip theo quan h i vi t ca ngun in nng v ca mng in trong cc h thng . a) H thng TN: H thng trong ngun in c mt hoc nhiu hn mt im ni t trc tip, cn cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mng in th ni vi im ni t ca ngun in bng cc dy bo v. C ba loi h thng TN |c nhn dng nh| sau: - H thng TN-C l h thng trong cc chc nng trung tnh v bo v kt hp trong mt dy n dn i khp h thng gi l dy PEN; - H thng TN-S l h thng c dy trung tnh N v dy bo v tch ri gi l dy PE dn i khp h thng; - H thng TN-C-S l h thng trong cc chc nng trung tnh v bo v kt hp trong mt dy n PEN ch trong mt phn ca h thng, sau tch thnh hai dy ring r (dy trung tnh N v dy bo v PE) trong phn cn li ca h thng b) H thng TT: H thng trong ngun in c mt hoc nhiu hn mt im ni t trc tip, cn cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mng in th ni vi cc in cc ni t c lp v in i vi cc in cc ni t ca ngun in. c) H thng IT: H thng khng c mi ni trc tip gia cc thnh phn mang in v t, cn cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in th ni t.

27-Cc h thng dng tn gi TN, TT v IT (Systems using the designations TN, TT and IT): Ch ci th nht th hin quan h i vi t ca ngun in nng: T: c mt hoc nhiu hn mt im ni t trc tip; I: tt c cc phn mang in u cch ly vi t hoc c mt im ni vi t thng qua tng tr ln.

Ch ci th hai th hin quan h i vi t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mng in: T: cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mng in ni trc tip vi t ring r, khng ph thuc bt k im ni t no ca ngun in; N: cc b phn c tnh dn in h ni trc tip vi im ni t ca ngun in (trong h thng in xoay chiu, im ni t th|ng l im trung tnh). 28-Tng tr ca mch vng chm t (Earth fault loop impedance): Tng tr ca mch vng dng in chm t (mch vng pha ti t) khi u v kt thc ti im ngn mch chm t. - Trong h thng TN, dng chm t i t im ngn mch chm t ca thit b in theo dy bo v ti thanh ci ni t ca mng in ri theo |ng dn kim loi ca dy bo v tr v im trung tnh ni t ca my bin p. T y, dng chm t chy trong dy qun bin p ti u ra ri theo dy pha cp in i t my bin p n im ngn mch chm t. - Trong h thng TT v IT, dng chm t i t im ngn mch chm t ca thit b in theo dy bo v ti thanh ci ni t ca mng in ri theo |ng dn trong t v im trung tnh ni t ca my bin p. T y, dng chm t chy trong dy qun bin p ti u ra ri theo dy pha cp in i t my bin p n im ngn mch chm t.

29-Vng in th khng (Zero potential zone): Vng t ngoi phm vi vng tn ca dng in chm t. 30-in p s c chm t (Earth fault voltage): in p tn ti gia b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b c cch in h| hng v vng in th khng khi c dng in chm t tn vo t. Cn gi l in p li trn trang b ni t. 31-in p chm (Touch voltage): in p tn ti gia b phn c tnh dn in h ca mt thit b c cch in h| hng v bt k vt dn no khc nm trong tm vi ca ng|i ang tip xc vi thit b khi c dng in chm t tn vo t. 32-H thng in cao p ni t hiu qu (Effectively earthed HV system): H thng in c tn s cng nghip v in p dy ln hn 1000V c h s qu in p khi ngn mch chm t khng ln hn 1,4 v cn gi l h thng c trung tnh ni t hiu qu. H s qu in p khi ngn mch chm t trong mng in ba pha l t s gia in p ca pha khng b s c ti im ngn mch chm t v in p pha ti im tr|c khi c ngn mch. Cc h thng in cao p ni t hiu qu th|ng c trung tnh ni t trc tip hoc xuyn qua mt tng tr nh v c th ct kp thi cc s c chm t trong khong thi gian ngn hp l nh c trang b bo v. 33-in p danh nh (Nominal voltage): in p lm vic ch nh cho mt mng in hoc mt b phn ca mng in. Sau y l nh ngha ca cc in p danh nh (ly gi tr hiu dng nu l in p xoay chiu): - in p cc thp: l in p bnh th|ng khng v|t qu 42V xoay chiu hoc 110V mt chiu gia cc dy mang in vi nhau hoc gia dy mang in vi t. - in p thp: l in p bnh th|ng v|t qu in p cc thp nh|ng khng v|t qu 1000V xoay chiu hoc 1500V mt chiu gia cc dy

mang in vi nhau, hoc 600V xoay chiu hoc 900V mt chiu gia dy mang in vi t. - in p cao: l in p bnh th|ng v|t qu in p thp. in p t 3kV n 24kV xoay chiu, tn s cng nghip, th|ng gi l trung p, trn quan im ni t bo v cng thuc dy in p cao. 34-MCC (Motor control center): Cc t h p kim sot ph ti, ch yu l ng c in, kt hp vi hp nt n ti ch. Dy t MCC th|ng c mt hoc hai t aptomat tng c trang b iu khin, o l|ng, bo v, tn hiu. Cc t cn li chia ra nhiu ngn xp t trn xung d|i; mi ngn dnh cho mt l ph ti. Bn trong mi ngn, c aptomat hoc cu chy, cng tc t v trang b iu khin, o l|ng, bo v, tn hiu. 35-Thit b dng in d| (Residual current device): Thit b t ng ct mch theo dng r khi c chm t, gi tt l RCD. 36-H thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh (Computer-based control and monitoring system): H thng iu khin v gim st cc qu trnh cng ngh da trn k thut vi x l. 37-Thit b iu khin (Controller): Thit b iu khin da trn k thut vi x l. 38-M un I/O (I/O module): M un vo/ra dng nhn tn hiu t bn ngoi vo x l hoc |a lnh iu khin t bn trong ra ngoi . 39-T ni dy cp ra (Marshalling cabinet): T cha cc hng kp ni trung gian gia mt bn l cp ni vi cc m un I/O v mt bn l cp ni vi cc t MCC hoc vi cc hp ni c lin quan vi cc cm bin v cc b tc ng ti ni sn xut 40-Chm in gin tip (Indirect voltage touch): Tip xc vi cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in b chm do hng cch in |c coi l chm in gin tip.

Ph lc B ca tcxdvn............

Phn loi ni lp t h thng ni t theo mc nguy him

Ni lp t h thng ni t thit b |c phn loi theo mc nguy him v in nh| sau: 1-Ni nguy him l ni c mt trong cc yu t sau: a) m.hoc c bi dn in ( m t|ng i ca khng kh v|t qu 75% trong thi gian di hoc c bi dn in bm vo dy dn v lt vo trong thit b in); b) nn nh dn in (bng kim loi, t, b tng, ct thp, gch...); c) nhit cao (nhit khng kh v|t qu 35oC trong thi gian di hn mt ngy m); d) nhng ni ng|i c th ng thi tip xc vi mt bn l cc kt cu kim loi ca nh x|ng, my mc, thit b cng ngh v.v... ni t v vi mt bn l cc b phn kim loi h ca thit b in. 2-Ni c bit nguy him l ni c mt trong cc yu t sau: a) rt m (( m t|ng i ca khng kh xp x 100%, th hin trn, t|ng, sn nh v vt trong nh c ng s|ng); b) mi tr|ng c hot tnh ho hc (th|ng xuyn hay trong thi gian di c cha hi, kh, cht lng c th to nn cc cht n mn, nm mc dn n ph hu cch in v v cc b phn mang in ca thit b in); c) ng thi c hai hoc nhiu hn hai yu t ca ni nguy him nu trong mc 1. 3-Ni t nguy him l ni khng thuc hai loi trn.