HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON SUBMERGED SURFACES

HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON SUBMERGED SURFACES

r r'

r r

Need to determine: (1) Force magnitude (2) Force direction (3) The location of the acting force

HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON SUBMERGED SURFACES

FORCE MAGNITUDE (FR)

Static Fluids

NO Shear stress

r r d F = pd A
Against the surface

r FR =

r pd A

dp = g dh

p = p 0 + g h

Hence: p and A must be expressed in terms of (x,y)

MOMENTS ABOUT O (0,0)

THE LOCATION OF THE ACTING FORCE

r r r ' FR =

r r r r r d F = r pd A
A

dimana: maka:

r z' ; r ' = i x' + j y ' + k

r dA ; dA = k

r F ; FR = k R

F (i x' + j y' ) k

r (i x + j y ) d F =

j y ) pdA k ( i x +
A

Maka didapat:

y' F R =

ypdA

r r'

r r

x' F R =

xpdA

THE LOCATION OF THE ACTING FORCE

1 y' = FR 1 x' = FR

ypdA

xpdA

FR = p atm A + hdA
A

p atm A

EXAMPLE PROBLEM 3.5 GIVEN: Rectangular gate, hinged along A, w = 5m FIND:

r Resultant force, F R , of the water on the gate

SOLUTION:

Does the resultant force pass through the center of gravity? NO!

Basic Eqs.:

r FR =

r pd A

r dF

dp = g dh r r FR = pdA = pwd k
A A

r dA = wd k

)
Atmospheric pressure is neglected

From the diagram: h = D + sin 300 p = g(D + sin 300) (p = gh)

r r L FR = pdA = g D + sin 300 wd k A 0 r kN {Force acts in negative z direction} FR = 588 k

r Finding the line of action of the resultant force, FR .

' FR =
1 ' = FR

pdA

1 pdA = A FR
2

pwd =
L 0

gw
FR

(D + sin 30 0 d )

' =

gw D
FR

gw DL2 L3 0 + = + sin 30 sin 30 F 2 3 2 3 0 R

= 2.22 m;

and

D 2m ' + = + 2.22 m = 6.22 m y = 0 0 sin 30 sin 30 w w pdA = A 2 2 FR

m

x' =

1 FR

xpdA =

1 FR

pdA =

w FR = 2.5m 2 FR

r r ' = 2 .5 i + 6 . 22 j

HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON SUBMERGED SURFACES

As

hdA

As

y sin dA = sin

As

ydA

HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON SUBMERGED SURFACES

From solid mechanics, the location of the center of gravity (centroid of the area) measured from the free surface is:

1 y c = ydA AA

hdA = sin y
A

A = hc A

FR = p c A

HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON SUBMERGED SURFACES

Center of pressure on an inclined plane surface:

y' =

y
A

where:
2

I xx = yc A yc A

dA

y = y-location of acting force x = x-location of acting force yc = y-location of surface center of gravity xc = x-location of surface center of gravity = surface moment of inertia around an axis parallel to x-axis passing through CG = cross moment of inertia around axes passing through CG

I xx y' = y c + yc A

x' = xc +

I xy yc A

HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON SUBMERGED SURFACES

HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON SUBMERGED SURFACES

HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON SUBMERGED SURFACES

Centroidal moments of inertia for various cross sections: (a) rectangle, (b) circle, (c) triangle, and (d) semicircle.

BUOYANCY AND STABILITY

Fb = gVb = Vb

Buoyancy is the net pressure force acting on a submerged body. The magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. Buoyant force passes through the center of buoyancy, which is at the centroid of the displaced fluid.

BUOYANCY AND STABILITY

Stability of floating bodies

EXAMPLE PROBLEM 3.8 GIVEN: Crown volume, V = 18.9 in.3 Net force on the string, Fnet = 4.7 lbf FIND: The average material density of the crown

SOLUTION:

r r r Fnet + Fbuoyancy = Fgravity