TM QUAN TRNG CA CU TRC SONG SONG TRONG VIT IELTS Trong ng php hc, cu trc song song (cu

trc ng cu) l s i xng gia cc t, cm t thm ch l mnh trong pht ngn. Cu trc song song gip cho thng bo (cu vn) khng b ri vo tnh trng mp m, ti ngha (ambiguous) ng thi gp phn lm tng tnh mch lc trong vn bn. Trong cc bi vit IELTS ca cc bn hc sinh, rt nhiu th sinh do khng nm vng c cc nguyn l trong s dng cu trc song song nn i khi li mc phi nhng li khng ng c. Bi vit di y hi vng gip ch t nhiu cho cc bn ang luyn thi IELTS c bit l nhng bn m kh nng vit cn hn ch. C mt thc t l khng t th sinh thng dng kiu cu sau trong bi writing task 1: - The monthly profit of Apple was far higher than Nokia Trong cu trn, r rng l hai i tng so snh l khng tng ng: Apple's monthly profit khng th so snh vi Nokia. Vy chng ta phi sa thnh mt trong nhng cch sau: 1. The monthly profit of Apple was far higher than Nokia's 2. The monthly profit of Apple was far higher than that of Nokia. 3. The monthly profit of Apple was far higher than the profit of Nokia 4. The monthly profit of Apple was far higher than Nokia's profit - R rng cc cu 2,3,4 khng th hay bng cu 1(v cu ny c tnh lc rt gn t a m vn m bo v ngha v tnh mch lc trong vn bn). Bi ti chng ti s tip tc bn v php tnh lc, php th trong vit IELTS. - Hoc xt v d sau: Nancy likes playing the piano, the trumpet and play the guitar. (Cu sai v playing the piano-the trumpet-play the guitar l khng ng nht v t loi). Do vy chng ta c th sa li nh sau: 1. Nancy likes the piano, the trumpet and the guitar. 2. Nancy likes playing the piano, the trumpet and the guitar. - She played basketball, had a shower and gone to school. (Wrong) > She played basketball, had a shower and went to school. (Right) - You can apply to the job by filling this form or apply by telephone. (Wrong) > You can apply to the job by filling this form or you can apply by telephone. (Right) Mt s qui tc trong s dng cu trc song song 1. Trong cu trc song song, danh t cn xng vi danh t, cm gii t vi cm gii t, ng t nguyn th vi ng t nguyn th, mnh vi mnh ... 2. Tng ng vi lin t (and, but, or) V d: My mother likes cooking and read books. (wrong) > My mother likes cooking and reading. (right)

3. Tng ng trong lit k, trch dn vn vn V d: This task can be done individually, in pairs, or can be done in groups of four. (wrong) > This task can be done individually, in pairs, or in groups of four. (right) - c bit trong vit hc thut khi trch dn vn vn chng ta khng c dng mt trong nhng cch sau: 1. ... 2. and so on. 3. etc. 4. v..v. m chng ta phi dng: A, B and C. V d: She is beautiful, hard-working, and always helps you. (Wrong) Cu v d trn mc phi 2 li sai: + Th nht: vi phm qui tc ca cu trc song song v beautiful, hard-working khng tng ng vi always helps you + Th hai: vi phm qui tc trong trch dn vn vn (A, B, and C) v beautiful, hard-working, and always helps you (Do trc and c du phy nn c y ch c 3 tiu ch c lit k ra m thi). Trong khi qui tc ca trch dn vn vn l trc and khng c du phy (A, B and C) nn cu s phi sa thnh: - She is beautiful, hard-working and helpful. Khi helpful mi tng ng vi beautiful v hard-working. 4. Tng ng trong so snh V d: She is mad about watching TV more than to read a book .(wrong) > She is mad about watching TV more than reading a book.(right) 5. Tng ng gia cc thnh t c ni bi ng t ni hoc ng t to be V d: To learn is understanding the world.(wrong) > To learn is to understand the world.(right) 6. Tng ng trong cc cp t ni not only.....but also, both...and, either...or, neither...nor V d: The teacher not only wants his students to keep quiet but also to do the task .(wrong) > The teacher wants his students not only to keep quiet but also to do the task . (right)

Mt vi mo trnh by s liu ch % trong vit IELTS Task 1 C th ni trong trnh by s liu lin quan n %, c bit l trong cc bi miu t Pie Chart, a s cc bn hc vin u cm thy rt lng tng trong vic tm ra gii php khc phc tnh trng lp i lp li cc s liu ch %. Di y thy s cung cp mt s cch din t hiu qu s liu % mi ngi cng tho lun v b sung nh. 1. Dng ch thay v dng s V d: 10% c th din t bng one out of ten, one in every ten 2. Dng cc tnh t b ngha cho s liu hoc t ch s liu - Cc t dng trc s liu ln (used before numbers): a massive 80%, a huge 90%, an enormous 97%, a helfty 85% - Cc tnh t ng trc s liu nh (used before numbers): a modest 12%, a mere 10% - Cc t ng trc s liu ln din t bng ch: a vast majority of, a large majority of, the overwhelming majority of, a large number of, a big number/quantity of, a sinificant/considerable number of, - Cc t ng trc s liu nh din t bng ch: a tiny minority, a small number of, a negligible number of, a limited number of 3. Din t xp x ta dng about 15%, approximately 15%, in the vinicity of 15%, approximately 15%, roughly 50%, nearly 40%, just under a half, almost one half, close to a third, next to 30% 4. Din t hn, vt qu more than 90%, just over 20%, in excess of 50% 5. Din t chnh xc 50% to be exact, exactly 50%, 50% sharp, precisely 30%, one half to be precise 6. Mt s cch din t khc c trnh by qua mt s v d c th sau: - Thay v ni 26% ta c th ni: + over half + more than half + just over one half + about one in four + just over a quarter - Thay v ni 33% ta c th ni: + 33% to be precise + exactly one third/a third

+ one in three + one out of three - Thay v ni 48% chng ta c th ni: + almost half + just under one half + close to one half + nearly/roughly/approximately one half - Thay v ni 75% ta ni + 75% to be exact + exactly three quarters + three out of four

1. K nng Listening: y l k nng mnh t im thp nht trong cc k nng, nhng mnh vn chia s kinh nghim luyn tp vi mi ngi v mnh dng nh khng nghe c g khi bt u hc ielts. Vi k nng ny mnh khuyn mi ngi nn thc hnh nghe cc bn tin online hng ngy l rt ok, v va luyn c nhiu ging, nghe c nhiu ng cnh. Tit kim ng k xin mua sch na. Ngoi ra, cc ti liu ielts trn th trng rt nhiu v trn ln, theo kin c nhn mnh th nhng sch ny kh l kh, hoc qu d so vi thi ielts tht. Trong qu trnh luyn nghe mnh thng trung thnh vi cc sch New Insights to IELTS v Cambridge 5,6,7, prepare for ielts, Kaplans ielts, strategry for ielts. Cc cun sch ny c cc test c sp xp t d n kh, v khi i thi tht th mnh thy cc dng bi trong cc cun ny kh st dng bi thi tht K nng ci thin nghe: - Nghe tht nhiu, nghe i nghe li cha chc tt, cha chc ci thin v t im cao. Nhng mt iu mnh c th chc chn l im nghe s khng th tng xng vi cng sc v thi gian bn b ra cho n, cng nh bn lun trung thnh luyn nghe theo mt b mt sch cng khng gip ch bn qu nhiu trong vic nhy im. Li khuyn c ra t kinh nghim ca mnh l cc bn khng nn nghe i nghe li, khng luyn tp mt cch tru b, m nn c mt plan ng hong cho k nng nghe, nghe g, nghe u, nghe vi mc ch tp luyn theo ging, nghe quen nhiu ging hay nghe nm form v tip bi thi listening theo cch m a phn chng ta thng ngh khi bt u hc nghe. - Khng nghe lp i lp li mt bi, khng nghe lp i lp li ging, khng nghe lp li v trung thnh vi mt web, mt sch no d rt hay i na. - Cc tip, cng nh mo ca gio vin phn reading v listening thng khng nhiu, cc yu t ny c th gip bn ci thin im khi p dng lc y, nhng nu khng c nn tng t rn luyn ca bn thn m ch da vo tip th chc chn ng hy vng t im cao cho hai phn ny. Tip v mo tp trung trong 5 bui l ht ch khng c nhiu nh nhiu bn k vng v li vo tip v mo. - ng tham vng qu nhiu v listening v y l k nng i hi tnh kin tr cao , tt nht nn bit mnh bit ta trm trn trm thng, hy bt tay vo nghe cc gio trnh, thp hn trnh ca bn mt cht, to hng th thc s. Nu ang tm 3.0 ielts m bn i nghe cam 8 th r rng bn ang bn thn ri vo mt th thch tng i kh, vi mnh th l cc kh:D. Dn dn s hng th s ci thin tinh thn ca bn mt cch tt nht theo mt hng rt t nhin, hy nghe t d n kh, nghe t nhng t, nhng on hi thoi bnh thng n phc tp, ch khng nn chy theo hiu ng m ng, iu m khng h ph hp trong listening. - Khi bn nghe thy t hoc cm t m bn khng bit, hy s dng thng tin trong cu hi v phn bn ghi chp on ngha ca cu tr li. - i vi dng in t vo ch trng khi bn khng th on trc, hy xem xt ti ng php v dng ca t cn in, bn s xc nh ra c cc loi t cn in (danh t, ng t, tnh t hay trng t). - Mi ngi hy ch ti nhng t ng trc nh ng t tobe is/are v cc t khc trong cu hi c th phn no on c cu tr li.

- Hy lun ch ti cc cm t opposite v synonym . Vic nghe hiu cc cch din t v cc t ng ngha khc nhau s gip bn xy dng vn t vng phong ph. - Phn Ni v phn c s xy dng vn t cn thit trong phn Nghe. - Mnh hay s dng thi giankim tra bi v thi gian ngh gia cc cu tr li c trc cc cu tip theo, ch dnh rt t thi gian xot li trong phn listening, v mnh rt hay sa t ng thnh sai nn m ra s khng dm kim tra li nhiu ln qu 2. K nng Reading - Mnh hay dnh khong 3 pht c lt qua mi phn bi c, nhanh chng nh du nhng chnh v nhng thng tin quan trng trong phn nh cc tn, s liu v ngy thng quan trng. - Mnh thng vch chnh vit khong 1 hoc hai t ra l ca on nh cch nh du nhn dng cu tr li cho d. - Tip n mnh s xem xt cc cu hi mt cch k cng v lm bi thi ca bn theo th t cc cu hi d ti kh. Thng thng mnh s lm => ng/Sai/Khng a thng tin (True/False/Not Given) trc khi lm phn ni vi on (Matching Heading). - c bit mnh ngh cc bn nn nh du nhng t kha trong cc cu vn tm cc chi tit, c bit l cc t m thng khng c cc t ng ngha ph bin. Sau hy c tht k v nhng t ny, ch ti nhng t kha khc trong cu hi m c th bao gm t ng ngha vi t ang c trong bi. Khi tm thy t no , bn ch hn na ti ng cnh v hy c cc phn xung quanh t nh cu vn ng trc, cu vn bao gm t v cu vn pha sau tm ra cu tr li. - Nu khc mc mt cu hi no , hy khoanh trn nh du ri tip tc vi cu tip theo v quay li xem xt nu cn thi gian. - i lc lm bi khng control c thi gian lm bi, mnh vn m mm p n cho bng kn v ht, cho b cng lm v i thi. Tuy nhin, theo mnh thy i vi listening v reading chng ta cn thng xuyn luyn tp pht trin tc c v s chnh xc khi lm bi. Cng nh tp lm quen c vi cc dng , v cc ch im khc nhau nhiu hn. 3. K nng writing - K nng ny l k nng mnh cm gic t tin v c mt nn tng cng nh mt ci gc vit rt ok. Writing chia lm 2 phn gm task 1v task2 Task 1: - Mnh thit ngh y l mt phn d ch cu trc c sn, kh nhiu ti liu, dng r rng gm : table, bar, line, pie, map, process - Nhng ci mnh ngh gim kho cn trong task1 chnh l mt bi vit c b cc v li vit logic v th sinh l ngi c mt ci nhn tng quan n chi tit, nhn bit c cc gi tr c bit trn biu ang c. V vy trong phn ny cn c mt cch sp xp s liu sao cho hp l, iu s to nn yu t logic, v nhng con s trong bi vit s c ni bt hn bao gi ht : gi tr ln nht => gi tr gia => gi tr thp nht, hay vi tng loi biu nh trn, nh table cn nhng cch sp xp s liu hp l truc khi vit, khng qu lan man v m

bo tnh ni bt ca cc s liu. - Mnh ngh b cc hon ho cho task1 gm 4 phn : introduction- overall- body1- body2 . Task 1 khng nn qu di ch nn tm t 165-170 words, v mnh ngh bn nn c cch tng hp tip cho tng dng s vit g, ln list cc cu trc, t vng cho task 1 mt cch r rng, khng b mt qu nhiu thi gian cho phn ny. Task 2 - Cc yu t tin quyt bn c im cao ielts task2 th cc l r rng ri TASK FULFILLMENT: lm y nhng g yu cu. ESSAY STRUCTURE: cu trc ca tng on, c logic hay khng, c ph hp v i khi l c yu t thm m na, bn khng th vit, on 1 qu di m on 2 qu ngn v ngc li c. ACADEMIC VOCABULARY : Theo li khuyn ca c gio mnh th ch cn dng ng khong 5-7 academic l t khong 7.0 ri, nn cc bn khng nn lo lng m ht quyn vocabulary in use lm g c u GRAMMAR SENTENCE GRAMMAR: phn ny ngi ta chm xem trnh grammar ca mnh th no. Cc li tiu tit trong ng php, b sai khng ng k c th s c b qua, nhng li trm trng nhn thy s s thi chc chn bn khng qu 6. Truc khi thi th mnh ngh c gio da, nhng thi ri c rt th cng ng y, nn cc bn nn review cht ch li mt ln na cc cu trc v cu- cu n, cu phc, cu ghp cc cu iu kin, mnh quan h, mnh trng ng, mnh quan h trc khi hc task 2 ng lng lo qu, nhng cng ng ham hc ng php qu v nh bn thn mnh hc ng php khng di s lng ngn tay v thm vi ngn chn nhng lc hc th nh, nhng p dng th m tt. - Trong bi vit nn c cc mnh quan h ch ngi, vt, ni chn, thi gian, cc mnh trng ng, o ng, cu iu kin loi 1,2,3 - Cc t dn cn linh hot v logic nn hc ly 3-4 cm chuyn dng cho main idea v cc supporting idea.. tn thi gian ngh khi i thi. - Thng xuyn c bo tng s hiu bit, tng vn t, tng idea, tng kh nng supporting cho 1 quan im. - Nn hc theo cc ch im ln m khng hc theo c th, v d nn hc cch ln outline cho c ch ln nh Health/ gorvernment and policy gp cc kha cnh trong ch ln ny bn lun ch ng v vit c mt cch ngon lnh, khng nn hc theo s cc phin din. 4. K nng Speaking Cu ny th rt mun thu ri, mun t im cao ielts hay tr nn ty hn, bn cn ch n ng m, tng ging, biu t cm xc, iu khin c vi ngn ng bn ang s dng. Mnh ngh gim kho s rt yu thch yu t t nhin trong cch tr li, trong g m ng iu ca bn, cng nh mc lu lot trong cu tr li. Nhng mnh thng thy nhiu bn rt ham hc t academic v idea p dng trong bi ni, nhng yu t ny ch lm bn ty ln 1 cht thi, quan trng vn l ng m v ng iu. Li khuyn chn thnh cho cc bn mun t im kh trong speaking ielts l nn nm chc ng m, hc c ng iu luyn tp v rn luyn thng xuyn hng ngy c mt ging ni

ting anh ty hn, chun hn v hay hn na. Bi vit tn mt qu, tm li trn y l nhng chia s ca mnh vi cc bn b trn cng ng ielts, mnh rt khm phc cc anh ch admin ca din n, ni to ra rt nhiu c hi cho mi ngi c giao lu v hc hi ln nhau. Th trng ielts t sch v, thy c v cc trung tm u trn lan, iu ny to ra nhiu c hi, nhng cng lm cho chng ta b ri trong vng lun qun y. Mnh ngh rng hc ielts cn mt ngi thy thc s ngi c th cho bn kin thc, phng php, v to ra c p lc cho chnh bn, ngi c th hiu bn ang cn g v nn nh th no. Mnh thy rt nhiu bn i hc 2-3 thy c cng mt lc, hc ht thy ny sang c khc nhng vn khng th i thi c, thc s i hc l cc tt, nhng quan nim ca mnh l ielts t c im cao th bn thn l iu v cng quan trng, nn mnh khuyn cc bn dnh nhiu thi gian nh n tp v a ra nhng kinh nghim cho ring mnh. Bn thn mnh bt u vi ting anh cng rt amateur, cng i d xt v thm th th trng rt nhiu tm ra ni m mnh cm gic hp, nhng ni th ng qu, ni th qung co trn mng rt rm r, nhng n hc th nht nho, lng hc sinh ng h trn mng nhiu khng t c, nhng n hc th gio vin nc ngoi dy mt cch qua loa, sau hng kha hc vi chi ph b ra l 6.800.000, xin mi mm m mi cho th mnh vn zero. Chnh v c ng au n y m thc s mnh mt nim tin v phng hng lm, trong khong mt nm u tin, mnh t b ting anh, tnh chuyn sang ting Trung xem c d hn khng. Nhng ng ci duyn n vi ting anh tm c hc bng cho h thc s Thy S nhng yu cu Ielts, mnh li cong ui lo hc ting anh. Nhng ln ny mnh may mn hn khi khng b v mo:D Ielts n vi mnh v p lc hc bng nhng trong vng 8 thng hc cc k nng ngoi nh ng m, ng php v n ielts mnh thc s hng th, vi nhng ngi a bn ch che sut ngy, phng php, p lc v nhit tnh c gio vin gip mnh c nhng bc tin mt cch rt nh nhng. V vy cc bn hy c gng t tm ra c cm hng trong cch hc ielts theo mnh y l iu quan trng nht, im s i khi s l iu m bn kh ng. Mong rng, chia s ca mnh mong c th gip c cc bn phn no, nh nhng chia s ca cc tin bi i trc chia s.

The bar charts compare students of different ages in terms of why they are studying and whether they are supported by an employer. It is clear that the proportion of students who study for career purposes is far higher among the younger age groups, while the oldest students are more likely to study for interest. Employer support is more commonly given to younger students. Around 80% of students aged under 26 study to further their careers, whereas only 10% study purely out of interest. The gap between these two proportions narrows as students get older, and the figures for those in their forties are the same, at about 40%. Students aged over 49 overwhelmingly study for interest (70%) rather than for professional reasons (less than 20%). Just over 60% of students aged under 26 are supported by their employers. By contrast, the 30-39 age group is the most self-sufficient, with only 30% being given time off and help with fees. The figures rise slightly for students in their forties and for those aged 50 or more. - Cch dng t: hy cch pharaphase t vng trong bi sang cu tr li: + the main reasons for study, why they are studying, study for career/interest purposes + employer supports is given to, the amount of support (students of different age groups) received from employers, (students of different age groups) are supported by their employers

--> Paraphrase cc k tt, hu nh khng c s lp t, nu c th cng chuyn i t ng t sang danh t hoc ngc li (v d t support) --> Dng t chnh xc: v d less than 20%, around 80% - Cch t chc bi: m bi (nu tn 2 biu ), body 1 (nhn xt chung v 2 biu ), body 2 (im ni bt ca biu 1), body 2 (im ni bt ca biu 2) --> R rng d theo di, p ng c yu cu ca bi --> Ch nu ln im ni bt ca tng biu + dng s liu cho nhng im ni bt : hu nh khng c vic nu s liu thun m ton l so snh/i chiu - Cch dng cu trc cu: The bar charts compare students of different ages in terms of why they are studying and whether they are supported by an employer. Cu phc, bao gm 2 cu ni vi nhau bng and. It is clear that the proportion of students who study for career purposes is far higher among the younger age groups, while the oldest students are more likely to study for interest. Cu phc, bao gm 2 cu cha so snh (far higher, more likely) ni vi nhau bng while hm so snh. Employer support is more commonly given to younger students. Cu b ng hm so snh. Around 80% of students aged under 26 study to further their careers, whereas only 10% study purely out of interest. Cu phc, bao gm 2 cu ni vi nhau bng whereas hm so snh. The gap between these two proportions narrows as students get older, and the figures for those in their forties are the same, at about 40%. Cu phc, hm ch xu hng. Students aged over 49 overwhelmingly study for interest (70%) rather than for professional reasons (less than 20%). Cu n hm so snh. Just over 60% of students aged under 26 are supported by their employers. Cu n m t bnh thng. By contrast, the 30-39 age group is the most selfsufficient, with only 30% being given time off and help with fees. Cu ny lin kt vi cu trc to so snh.The figures rise slightly for students in their forties and for those aged 50 or more. Cu n hm ch xu hng.

--> Dng cu trc rt a dng: Ch c 2 cu m t thun (bao gm 1 cu m bi v 1 cu u on 4), tt c cc cu cn li u c cha so snh, i chiu km s liu minh ha --> Cc cch so snh: dng while, more, whereas, older, the same, rather than

Th vin Luyn thi (TOEFL, IELTS, TOEIC...)

Ielts Writing Task 1-K thut Paraphrasing

Khi phn tch biu trong bi thi IELTS Writing Task 1, bn cn bit n mt k nng rt quan trng l Paraphrasing. c ngha l vit li cm t hoc cu bng cch dng t ng khc c ngha tng ng. K nng paraphrasing ny rt quan trng v n lm cho bi vit ca bn phong ph hn v mt t vng, ng php cng nh trnh s lp i lp li trong bi vit. u tin l "dng t ng ngha". Hy nhn v d u tin: Cu nguyn bn:

It is difficult to choose a suitable place to learn a foreign language.

Cu vit li:

It is challenging to pick up a relevant place to learn a foreign language

Trong v d trn, ngi vit thay t difficult bng challenging, choose thnh pick up, suitable thnh relevant v place thnh school. V mt ng php, cu vit li khng c g sai. V mt ngha, cu vit li nghe c v ging nh cu u tin. Tuy nhin, cu vit li nghe khng lt tai v t nhin nu nhn t gc ca ngi bn x. T pick up khng c ngha l choose v t relevant th trong trng hp ny khng ging ngha hon ton vi t suitable. thay th, bn cn tm t thch hp hn v st ngha hn nh l cu di y:

It is hard to select an appropriate place to learn a foreign language

Ngoi vic dng t khng st ngha v thch hp vi hon cnh, nhiu hc sinh cn mc phi vn khc khi dng phng php ny. Sau y l v d minh ha: Cu nguyn bn:

Many people think living in a city is slightly better than living in a country-side
Cu vit li:

A lot of people think living in a city is a bit better than living in a country-side
Trong v d trn, ngi vit paraphrase many thnh a lot of v slightly thnh a bit. V mt ng php v ngha, cu vit li khng c g l sai. Tuy nhin, xt v tnh hc thut ca t vng, hai t a lot of v a bit thng c dng trong vn ni thay v vn vit hc thut v hai t ny u mang tnh cht khng trang trng (informal). V th, paraphrase trong trng hp ny khng pht huy hiu qu. paraphrase hiu qu, bn khng nht thit phi thay i nhiu t m nn chn nhng t m bn cm thy c th vit li c bng nhng t hay hn. Trong cu trn, nhng t sau y c th c thay th bng nhng t hay hn:

Many = more and more, an increasing/growing number of people, many a person Think = believe, presume, take the view that, hold a view
Ch cn thay 2 t ny thi nhng cu ca bn c th c bin ha thnh v vn cu khc hay hn v nhn c v phc tp hn:

More and more people believe that living in a city is slightly better than living in a city

An increasing number of people presume living in a city is slightly better than living in a city Many a person holds a view that living in a city is slightly better than living in a city A growing number of people take the view that living in a city is slightly better than living in a city.
Trong IELTS Writing task 1, vic u tin bn lm l vit cu m u. Nghe th c v phc tp nhng li rt n gin v bn ch phi xc nh nhng t trong bi m c th c thay th bng nhng t hay hn thi. Hy cng xem cu di y:

The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.
Trong cu trn, nhng t sau y c th c thay th hiu qu bng nhng t khc:

Graph = line graph Shows = compares, illustrates Proportion of = percentage of, the figure for The population = people, the elderly Between 1940 and 2040 = from 1940 to 2040, over a period of 100 years
Vy l bn c th vit cu m bi cho Task 1 bng mt s cch sau y m khng h thay i cu:

The line graph compares the percentage of people aged 65 and over from 1940 to 2040 in three countries The line graph illustrates the figure for the elderly aged 65 and over in three countries over a period of 100 years
Di y l mt s t ng ngha thay th gip cc s t luyn thi Ielts c th s dng da dng t vng ielts cng nh ng php ielts trong bi thi

graph = line graph chart = bar chart diagram = figure shows = illustrates (or compares if the graph is comparing) proportion = percentage information = data people in the USA = Americans from 1999 to 2009 = between 1999 and 2009 from 1999 to 2009 = over a period of 10 years how to produce = the process of producing