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Gio trnh PLC

Gio Trnh PLC Mc lc Ni dung Trang


Chng 1: L thuyt c s 1.1. Nhng nim c bn ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm logic.............................................................................. 7 1.3. Cc phng php ti thiu ho hm logic...................................................................... 9 1.4. Cc h mch logic............................................................................................................................ 13 1.5. Grafcet m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip ......................................... 15 Chng 2: Mt s ng dng mch logic trong iu khin 2.1. Cc thit b iu khin ................................................................................................................. 24 2.2. Cc s khng ch ng c rto lng sc.................................................................. 25 2.3. Cc s khng ch ng c khng ng b rto dy qun........................... 29 2.4. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu...................................................................................... 31 Chng 3: L lun chung v iu khin logic lp trnh PLC 3.1. M u....................................................................................................................................................... 33 3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt b PLC........................................................................... 34 3.3. Cc vn v lp trnh................................................................................................................... 37 3.4. nh gi u nhc im ca PLC ....................................................................................... 43 Chng 4: B iu khin PLC CPM1A 4.1. Cu hnh cng....................................................................................................................................... 45 4.2. Ghp ni.................................................................................................................................................... 49 4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh............................................................................................................................. 51 Chng 5: B iu khin PLC S5 5.1. Cu to ca b PLC S5.......................................................................................................... 54 5.2. a ch v gn a ch..................................................................................................................... 55 5.3. Vng i tng.................................................................................................................................... 57 5.4. Cu trc ca chng trnh S5.................................................................................................... 58 5.5. Bng lnh ca S5 95U............................................................................................................ 59 5.6. C php mt s lnh c bn ca S5..................................................................................... 60 Chng 6: B iu khin PLC S7 - 200 6.1. Cu hnh cng........................................................................................................................................ 70 6.2. Cu trc b nh...................................................................................................................................... 73 6.3. Chng trnh ca S7- 200.............................................................................................................. 75 6.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ca S7- 200 .................................................................... 76 Chng 7: B iu khin PLC S7-300 7.1. Cu hnh cng....................................................................................................................................... 78 7.2. Vng i tng..................................................................................................................................... 81 7.3. Ngn ng lp trnh ............................................................................................................................ 83 7.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn...................................................................................................... 84 Ph lc 1: Cc phn mm lp trnh PLC I. Lp trnh cho OMRON...................................................................................................................... 86 II. Lp trnh cho PLC- S5....................................................................................................................... 92 III. Lp trnh cho PLC S7-200.................................................................................................... 97 IV. Lp trnh cho PLC S7-300.................................................................................................... 101 Ph lc 2: Bng lnh ca cc phn mm 1. Bng lnh ca PLC CPM1A.................................................................................................... 105 2. Bng lnh ca PLC S5.................................................................................................................. 112 3. Bng lnh ca PLC S7 -200...................................................................................................... 117 4. Bng lnh ca PLC S7-300 ....................................................................................................... 128

Gio Trnh PLC Phn 1: Logic hai trng thi v ng dng Chng 1: L Thuyt C S 1.1. Nhng khi nim c bn 1. Khi nim v logic hai trng thi Trong cuc sng cc s vt v hin tng thng biu din hai trng thi i lp, thng qua hai trng thi i lp r rt ca n con ngi nhn thc c s vt v hin tng mt cch nhanh chng bng cch phn bit hai trng thi . Chng hn nh ta ni nc sch v bn, gi c t v r, nc si v khng si, hc sinh hc gii v dt, kt qu tt v xu... Trong k thut, c bit l k thut in v iu khin, ta thng c khi nim v hai trng thi: ng v ct nh ng in v ct in, ng my v ngng my... Trong ton hc, lng ho hai trng thi i lp ca s vt v hin tng ngi ta dng hai gi tr: 0 v 1. Gi tr 0 hm c trng cho mt trang thi ca s vt hoc hin tng, gi tr 1 c trng cho trng thi i lp ca s vt v hin tng . Ta gi cc gi tr 0 hoc 1 l cc gi tr logic. Cc nh bc hc xy dng cc c s ton hc tnh ton cc hm v cc bin ch ly hai gi tr 0 v 1 ny, hm v bin c gi l hm v bin logic, c s ton hc tnh ton hm v bin logic gi l i s logic. i s logic cng c tn l i s Boole v ly tn nh ton hc c cng u trong vic xy dng nn cng c i s ny. i s logic l cng c ton hc phn tch v tng hp cc h thng thit b v mch s. N nghin cu cc mi quan h gia cc bin s trng thi logic. Kt qu nghin cu th hin l mt hm trng thi cng ch nhn hai gi tr 0 hoc 1. 2. Cc hm logic c bn Mt hm y = f ( x 1 , x 2 ,..., x n ) vi cc bin x1, x2, ... xn ch nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1 v hm y cng ch nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1 th gi l hm logic.
Hm logic mt bin: y = f ( x )

Vi bin x s nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1, nn hm y c 4 kh nng hay thng gi l 4 hm y0, y1, y2, y3. Cc kh nng v cc k hiu mch rle v in t ca hm mt bin nh trong bng 1.1 Bng 1.1 Tn hm Hm khng Hm o Bng chn l Thut ton logic x 0 1 y0 y1 0 1 0 0 K hiu s Kiu rle Kiu khi in t Ghi ch

y0 = 0 y 0 = xx y1 = x

y1

x x 1

y1 y1

Gio Trnh PLC Hm lp (YES) Hm n v y2 0 1

y2 = x

x x

y2 y3

x x 1

y2 y2

y3

y3 = 3 y3 = x + x

Trong cc hm trn hai hm y0v y3 lun c gi tr khng i nn t c quan tm, thng ch xt hai hm y1 v y2.
Hm logic hai bin y = f ( x1 , x 2 )

Vi hai bin logic x1, x2, mi bin nhn hai gi tr 0 v 1, nh vy c 16 t hp logic to thnh 16 hm. Cc hm ny c th hin trn bng1.2
Bng 1.2

Tn hm

Bng chn l x1 x2 y0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Thut ton logic

K hiu s Kiu rle Kiu khi in t

Ghi ch

Hm khng Hm Piec Hm cm x1
INHIBIT

y 0 = x1x1 + x2x 2
y1 = x1x 2

Hm lun bng 0

y1

0 0

= x1 + x 2

x1 x 2 y1

x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2

y1

y2

y 2 = x1x 2

x1 x 2 y2

y2 & y2 y3 y4 & y4 y5

x1 Hm o x1 Hm cm x2
INHIBIT

y3

y 3 = x1

x1 y 3 x1 x 2 y4

y4

y 4 = x1x 2

x2 Hm o x2 y5 0 1 0 1

y5 = x 2

x2 y 5

Gio Trnh PLC Hm hoc loi tr XOR Hm Cheffer Hm v AND Hm cng du Hm lp x2 Hm ko theo x2 Hm lp x1 Hm ko theo x1 Hm hoc OR

y6

y 6 = x1x 2 + x1x 2

x1 x 2 y 6 x1 x 2 x2
x1

x2 x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2 x2 x1 x1 x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x1 x1 x1

y6 y6

Cng mod ule

=1

y 7 = x1 + x 2
y7 0 1 1 1

y7

= x1x 2

y7 y8

y8

y8 = x1x 2

x1 x 2 y8

& y8
y9

y9

0 0

0 1

1 0

y 9 = x1x 2 + x1x 2

x1 x 2 y 9 x1 x 2 x2 y 10
x2
y11

y10 1

y10 = x 2

y10 y11

Ch ph thuc x2

y11 1 y12 1

0 1

1 0

1 0

y11 = x1 + x 2 y12 = x1

x1
x1 y 12

y12 y13

Ch ph thuc x1

y13 1

y13 = x1 + x 2

x1
x2

y13

y14 1

y14 = x1 + x 2

x1
x2

y14
1

y14

y14
Hm lun bng 1

Hm n v y 1 15

y15 = ( x 1 + x1 ) (x 2 + x 2 )

x1 x 2 y 15
x1 x 2

y15

Ta nhn thy rng, cc hm i xng nhau qua trc nm gia y7 v y8, ngha l y 0 = y15 , y1 = y14 ...

Gio Trnh PLC


Hm logic n bin y = f ( x1 , x 2 ,..., x n )

Vi hm logic n bin, mi bin nhn mt trong hai gi tr 0 hoc 1 nn ta c 2 t hp bin, mi t hp bin li nhn hai gi tr 0 hoc 1, do vy s hm logic
n

tng l 2 2 . Ta thy vi 1 bin c 4 kh nng to hm, vi 2 bin c 16 kh nng to hm, vi 3 bin c 256 kh nng to hm. Nh vy khi s bin tng th s hm c kh nng to thnh rt ln. Trong tt c cc hm c to thnh ta c bit ch n hai loi hm l hm tng chun v hm tch chun. Hm tng chun l hm cha tng cc tch m mi tch c tt c cc bin ca hm. Hm tch chun l hm cha tch cc tng m mi tng u c tt c cc bin ca hm. 3. Cc php tnh c bn Ngi ta xy dng ba php tnh c bn gia cc bin logic l: 1. Php ph nh (o): k hiu bng du - pha trn k hiu ca bin. 2. Php cng (tuyn): k hiu bng du +. (song song) 3. Php nhn (hi): k hiu bng du .. (ni tip) 4. Tnh cht v mt s h thc c bn
4.1. Cc tnh cht

Tnh cht ca i s logic c th hin bn lut c bn l: lut hon v, lut kt hp, lut phn phi v lut nghch o. + Lut hon v:
x1 + x 2 = x 2 + x1 x 1 .x 2 = x 2 .x 1

+ Lut kt hp:
x1 + x 2 + x 3 = ( x1 + x 2 ) + x 3 = x1 + ( x 2 + x 3 )

x1 .x 2 .x 3 = ( x1 .x 2 ).x 3 = x1 .( x 2 .x 3 )

+ Lut phn phi:


( x 1 + x 2 ).x 3 = x1 .x 3 + x 2 .x 3

x 1 + x 2 .x 3 = ( x 1 + x 2 ).( x1 + x 3 )

Ta c th minh ho kim chng tnh ng n ca lut phn phi bng Bng 1.3 cch lp bng 1.3 x1 x2 x3 ( x 1 + x 2 ).( x 1 + x 3 )
x 1 + x 2 .x 3

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 5

0 1 0 0 0

0 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 1 1

1 0 1 1 1

1 1 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

Gio Trnh PLC Lut phn phi c th hin qua s rle hnh 1.1:
x1 x1
x2 x3

x1

nh
Hnh 1.1

x2 x3

+ Lut nghch o:
x 1 .x 2 = x1 + x 2 ; x 1 + x 2 = x 1 .x 2

Ta cng minh ho tnh ng n ca lut nghch o bng cch thnh lp Bng 1.4 bng 1.4: x1 x2
x1 x2
x1 + x 2 x1 .x 2 x1 + x 2 x1 .x 2

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Lut nghch o c th hin qua mch rle nh trn hnh 1.2:

1 1 1 0

x1
x2

p = y
Hnh 1.2

x1 x 2

Lut nghch o tng qut c th hin bng nh l De Morgan:


x 1 .x 2 .x 3 .... = x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + ... ;
4.2. Cc h thc c bn

x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + ... = x1 .x 2 .x 3 ...

Mt s h thc c bn thng dng trong i s logic c cho bng 1.5:


Bng 1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

x+0= x x.1 = x x .0 = 0

x +1 = 1 x+x=x x.x = x x + x =1 x.x = 0


x1+ x 2 = x 2 + x1

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

x1.x 2 = x 2 .x1 x1+ x1x 2 = x1

x 1 ( x 1 + x 2 ) = x1
x1.x 2 + x1.x 2 = x1 ( x1+ x 2 )( x1 + x 2 ) = x1 x1+ x 2 + x 3 = ( x1 + x 2 ) + x 3 x1.x 2 .x 3 = ( x1.x 2 ).x 3

x1+ x 2 = x1.x 2
x1.x 2 = x1 + x 2

Gio Trnh PLC 1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm logic


C th biu din hm logic theo bn cch l: biu din bng bng trng thi, biu din bng phng php hnh hc, biu din bng biu thc i s, biu din bng bng Karnaugh (ba Can).

1. Phng php biu din bng bng trng thi: phng php ny cc gi tr ca hm c trnh by trong mt bng. Nu hm c n bin th bng c n + 1 ct (n ct cho bin v 1 ct cho hm) v 2n hng tng ng vi 2n t hp ca bin. Bng ny thng gi l bng trng thi hay bng chn l. V d: mt hm 3 bin y = f ( x1 , x 2 , x 3 ) vi gi tr ca hm cho trc c biu din thnh bng 1.6: Bng 1.6 u im ca phng php biu din bng bng l d nhn, t nhm ln. Nhc im l cng knh, c bit khi s bin ln.
TT t hp bin

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

x1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

x2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

x3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

y 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

2. Phng php biu din hnh hc Vi phng php hnh hc hm n bin c biu din trong khng gian n chiu, t hp bin c biu din thnh mt im trong khng gian. Phng php ny rt phc tp khi s bin ln nn thng t dng. 3. Phng php biu din bng biu thc i s Ngi ta chng minh c rng, mt hm logic n bin bt k bao gi cng c th biu din thnh cc hm tng chun y v tch chun y .
Cch vit hm di dng tng chun y

- Hm tng chun y ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi tr bng 1. S ln hm bng 1 s chnh l s tch ca cc t hp bin. - Trong mi tch, cc bin c gi tr bng 1 c gi nguyn, cn cc bin c gi tr bng 0 th c ly gi tr o; ngha l nu x i = 1 th trong biu thc tch s c vit l x i , cn nu x i = 0 th trong biu thc tch c vit l x i . Cc tch ny cn gi l cc mintec v k hiu l m. - Hm tng chun y s l tng ca cc tch . V d: Vi hm ba bin bng 1.6 trn ta c hm dng tng chun y l:
f = x1 .x 2 .x 3 + x 1 .x 2 .x 3 + x 1 .x 2 .x 3 + x 1 .x 2 .x 3 = m 0 + m 2 + m 3 + m 6

Gio Trnh PLC


Cch vit hm di dng tch chun y

- Hm tch chun y ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi tr bng 0. S ln hm bng khng s chnh l s tng ca cc t hp bin. - Trong mi tng cc bin c gi tr 0 c gi nguyn, cn cc bin c gi tr 1 c ly o; ngha l nu x i = 0 th trong biu thc tng s c vit l x i , cn nu x i = 1 th trong biu thc tng c vit bng x i . Cc tng c bn cn c gi tn l cc Maxtec k hiu M. - Hm tch chun u s l tch ca cc tng . V d: Vi hm ba bin bng 1.6 trn ta c hm dng tch chun y l:
f = ( x1 + x 2 + x 3 )( x1 + x 2 + x 3 )( x1 + x 2 + x 3 )( x1 + x 2 + x 3 ) = M1 + M 4 + M 5 + M 7

4. Phng php biu din bng bng Karnaugh (ba can) Nguyn tc xy dng bng Karnaugh l: - biu din hm logic n bin cn thnh lp mt bng c 2n , mi tng ng vi mt t hp bin. nh s th t cc trong bng tng ng vi th t cc t hp bin. - Cc cnh nhau hoc i xng nhau ch cho php khc nhau v gi tr ca 1 bin. - Trong cc ghi gi tr ca hm tng ng vi gi tr t hp bin. V d 1: bng Karnaugh cho hm ba bin bng 1.6 nh bng 1.7 sau:
x1 x2, x3
0

00
1

01
3

11
2

10 1 1

0
4

1
5 7

1
6

V d 2: bng Karnaugh cho hm bn bin nh bng 1.8 sau:


x1, x2 x3, x4
0

00
1

01
3

11
2

10 1 1

00
4

1
5 7

1
6

01 11 10
12
8

13 9

15

14

11

10

1 8

Gio Trnh PLC 1.3. Cc phng php ti thiu ho hm logic Trong qu trnh phn tch v tng hp mch logic, ta phi quan tm n vn ti thiu ho hm logic. Bi v, cng mt gi tr hm logic c th c nhiu hm khc nhau, nhiu cch biu din khc nhau nhng ch tn ti mt cch biu din gn nht, ti u v s bin v s s hng hay tha s c gi l dng ti thiu. Vic ti thiu ho hm logic l a chng t mt dng bt k v dng ti thiu. Ti thiu ho hm logic mang ngha kinh t v k thut ln, c bit khi tng hp cc mch logic phc tp. Khi chn c mt s ti gin ta s c s bin cng nh cc kt ni ti gin, gim c chi ph vt t cng nh gim ng k xc sut hng hc do s phn t nhiu. V d: Hai s hnh 1.3 u c chc nng nh nhau, nhng s a s tip im cn l 3, ng thi cn thm 1 rle trung gian p, s b ch cn 2 tip im, khng cn rle trung gian. Thc cht vic ti thiu ho hm logic l tm dng biu din i s n gin nht ca hm v thng c hai nhm phng php l:

x1
x2

p = y b,
Hnh 1.3

x1 x 2

p a,

- Phng php bin i i s - Phng php dng thut ton. 1. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic bng bin i i s phng php ny ta phi da vo cc tnh cht v cc h thc c bn ca i s logic thc hin ti gin cc hm logic. Nhng do tnh trc quan ca phng php nn nhiu khi kt qu a ra vn khng khng nh r c l ti thiu hay cha. Nh vy, y khng phi l phng php cht ch cho qu trnh ti thiu ho. V d: cho hm

f = x1x 2 + x1x 2 + x1x 2 = ( x1x 2 + x1x 2 ) + ( x1x 2 + x1x 2 ) = x 2 ( x1 + x1 ) + x1 ( x 2 + x 2 ) = x1 + x 2


2. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic dng thut ton
Phng php dng bng Karnaugh

y l phng php thng dng v n gin nht, nhng ch tin hnh c vi h c s bin n 6 . phng php ny cn quan st v x l trc tip trn bng Karnaugh. Qui tc ca phng php l: nu c 2n c gi tr 1 nm k nhau hp thnh mt khi vung hay ch nht th c th thay 2n ny bng mt ln vi s 9

Gio Trnh PLC lng bin gim i n ln. Nh vy, bn cht ca phng php l tm cc k nhau cha gi tr 1 (cc c gi tr hm khng xc nh cng gn cho gi tr 1) sao cho lp thnh hnh vung hay ch nht cng ln cng tt. Cc bin nm trong khu vc ny b loi b l cc bin c gi tr bin i, cc bin c dng l cc bin c gi tr khng bin i (ch l 0 hoc 1). Qui tc ny p dng theo th t gim dn ln cc , sao cho cui cng ton b cc cha gi tr 1 u c bao ph. Cng c th tin hnh ti thiu theo gi tr 0 ca hm nu s lng ca n t hn nhiu so vi gi tr 1, lc by gi hm l hm ph nh. V d: Ti thiu hm

f = x.y.z + x.y.z + x.y.z + x.y.z + x.y.z + x.y.z = m 0 + m1 + m 3 + m 4 + m 5 + m 7


+ Lp bng Karnaugh c nh bng 1.9. Bng Karnaugh c 3 bin vi 6 mintec c gi tr 1. Bng 1.9
z x, y
0

00
2

01
6

11
4

10 1

0
1

1
3

B
7

A + Tm nhm cc (hnh ch nht) cha cc c gi tr bng 1, ta c hai nhm, nhm A v nhm B. + Loi bt cc bin cc nhm: Nhm A c bin z = 1 khng i vy n c gi li cn hai bin x v y thay i theo tng ct do vy mintec mi A ch cn bin z: A = z . Nhm B c bin x v z thay i, cn bin y khng i vy mintec mi B ch cn bin y : B = y . Kt qu ti thiu ho l: f = A + B = z + y
Phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey

y l phng php c tnh tng qut, cho php ti thiu ho mi hm logic vi s lng bin vo ln.
a, Mt s nh ngha

+ nh: l mt tch cha y cc bin ca hm, nu hm c n bin th nh l tch ca n bin. nh 1 l nh m hm c gi tr bng 1. nh 0 l nh m hm c gi tr bng 0. nh khng xc nh l nh m ti hm c th ly mt trong hai gi tr 0 hoc 1.

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Gio Trnh PLC + Tch cc tiu: l tch c s bin l cc tiu hm c gi tr bng 1 hoc khng xc nh. + Tch quan trng: l tch cc tiu m gi tr hm ch duy nht bng 1 tch ny.
b, Ti thiu ho bng phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey

r phng php ta xt v d minh ho, ti thiu ho hm f ( x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 ) vi cc nh bng 1 l L = 2, 3, 7, 12, 14, 15 v cc nh c gi tr hm khng xc nh l N = 6, 13. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau: Bc 1: Tm cc tch cc tiu

Lp bng biu din cc gi tr hm bng 1 v cc gi tr khng xc nh ng vi m nh phn ca cc bin theo th t s s 1 tng dn (bng 1.10a). Xp thnh tng nhm theo s lng ch s 1 vi th t tng dn. (bng 1.10b ta c 4 nhm: nhm 1 c 1 s cha 1 ch s 1; nhm 2 gm 3 s cha 2 ch s 1; nhm 3 gm 3 s cha 3 ch s 1, nhm 4 c 1 s cha 1 ch s 1). So snh mi t hp th i vi t hp th i +1, nu hai t hp ch khc nhau mt ct th kt hp 2 t hp thnh mt t hp mi, ng thi thay ct s khc nhau ca 2 t hp c bng mt gch ngang (-) v nh du v vo hai t hp c (bng 1.10c). V c s ton hc, y thu gn cc t hp ta dng tnh cht: xy + xy = x C tip tc cng vic. T bng 1.10c ta chn ra cc t hp ch khc nhau 1 ch s 1 v c cng gch ngang (-) trong mt ct, ngha l c cng bin va c gin c bng 1.10c, nh vy ta c bng 1.10d.
Bng 1.10

a
S thp C s 2 x1x2x3x4 phn S ch s 1

b
S thp phn C s 2
x1x2x3x4

c 0010v 0011v 0110v 1100v 0111v 1101v 1110v 1111v


Lin x1x2x3x4 kt 2,3 001-v 2,6 3,7 6,7 6,14 12,13 12,14 7,15 13,15 14,15 0-10v 0-11v 011-v -110v 110-v 11-0v -111v 11-1v 111-v Lin kt

d
x1x2x3x4 2,3,6,7 2,6,3,7 6,7,14,15 6,14,7,15 12,13,14,15

2 3 6* 12 7 13 * 14 15

0010 0011 0110 1100 0111 1101 1110 1111

1 2

2 3 6 12 7 13 14 15

0-1-1111- -

3 4

11

Gio Trnh PLC Cc t hp tm c bng 1.10d l t hp cui cng, cc t hp ny khng cn kh nng kt hp na, y chnh l cc tch cc tiu ca hm cho. Theo th t x1x 2 x 3 x 4 , ch c du (-) c lc b, cc tch cc tiu c vit nh sau: 0-1- (ph cc nh 2,3,6,7) ng vi: x1x 3 -11- (ph cc nh 6,7,14,15) ng vi: x 2 x 3 11- - (ph cc nh 12,13,14,15) ng vi: x1x 2 Bc 2: Tm cc tch quan trng Vic tm cc tch quan trng cng c tin hnh theo cc bc nh. Gi Li l tp cc nh 1 ang xt bc nh th i, lc ny khng quan tm n cc nh c gi tr khng xc nh na. Zi l tp cc tch cc tiu ang bc nh th i. Ei l tp cc tch quan trng bc nh th i.

Vi i = 0
L 0 = (2,3,7,12,14,15)

Z 0 = ( x1x 3 , x 2 x 3 , x1x 2 )
Xc nh cc tch quan trng E0 t tp L0 v Z0 nh sau: + Lp bng trong mi hng ng vi mt tch cc tiu thuc Z0, mi ct ng vi mt nh thuc L0. nh du x vo cc trong bng ng vi tch cc tiu bng 1.11 (tch x1x 3 ng vi cc nh 2,3,7; tch x 2 x 3 ng vi cc nh 7,14,15; tch x1x 2 ng vi cc nh 12,14,15 bng 1.10)
Bng 1.11 Z0 L0

2 (x)

3 (x)

7 x x

12

14

15

x1x 3 x 2x3 x1x 2

x (x) x

x x

Xt tng ct, ct no ch c mt du x th tch cc tiu (hng) ng vi n l tch quan trng, ta i thnh du (x). Vy tp cc tch quan trng bc ny l:

E 0 = ( x1 x 3 , x1 x 2 )
Vi i = 1
Tm L1 t L0 bng cch loi khi L0 cc nh 1 ca E0.

12

Gio Trnh PLC Tm Z1 t Z0 bng cch loi khi Z0 cc tch trong E0 v cc tch nm trong hng c chn t E0. Khi tm c L1 v Z1, lm li nh bc i = 0 ta s tm c tch quan trng E1. Cng vic c tip tc cho n khi Lk = 0. Trong v d ny v E 0 = ( x1x 3 , x1x 2 ) m cc nh 1 ca x1x 3 l 2,3,7; cc nh 1 ca x1x 2 l 12,14,15 (b qua nh 6, 13 l cc nh khng xc nh); do L1 = 0, qu trnh kt thc. Kt qu dng hm ti thiu chnh l tng ca cc tch cc tiu. Vy hm cc tiu l:
f = x1x 3 + x1x 2

1.4. Cc h mch logic Cc php ton v nh l ca i s Boole gip cho thao tc cc biu thc logic. Trong k thut thc t l bng cch ni cng logic ca cc mch logic vi nhau (theo kt cu ti gin nu c). thc hin mt bi ton iu khin phc tp, s mch logic s ph thuc vo s lng u vo v cch gii quyt bng loi mch logic no, s dng cc php ton hay nh l no. y l mt bi ton ti u nhiu khi c khng ch mt li gii. Tu theo loi mch logic m vic gii cc bi ton c nhng phng php khc nhau. V c bn cc mch logic c chia lm hai loi: + Mch logic t hp + Mch logic trnh t 1. Mch logic t hp Mch logic t hp l mch m u ra ti bt k thi im no ch ph thuc t hp cc trng thi ca u vo thi im . Nh vy, mch khng c phn t nh. Theo quan im iu khin th mch x y1 1 Mch t t hp l mch h, h khng c phn hi, x y2 ngha l trng thi ng m ca cc phn t 2 hp M trong mch hon ton khng b nh hng M xn ym ca trng thi tn hiu u ra. S mch logic t hp nh hnh 1.4
Hnh 1.4

Vi mch logic t hp tn ti hai loi bi ton l bi ton phn tch v bi ton tng hp. + Bi ton phn tch c nhim v l t mch t hp c, m t hot ng v vit cc hm logic ca cc u ra theo cc bin u vo v nu cn c th xt ti vic ti thiu ho mch. + Bi ton tng hp thc cht l thit k mch t hp. Nhim v chnh l thit k c mch t hp tho mn yu cu k thut nhng mch phi ti gin. Bi ton tng hp l bi ton phc tp, v ngoi cc yu cu v chc nng logic, vic tng

13

Gio Trnh PLC hp mch cn ph thuc vo vic s dng cc phn t, chng hn nh phn t l loi: rle - cng tc t, loi phn t kh nn hay loi phn t l bn dn vi mch... Vi mi loi phn t logic c s dng th ngoi nguyn l chung v mch logic cn i hi phi b sung nhng nguyn tc ring lc tng hp v thit k h thng. V d: v mch logic t hp nh hnh 1.5 2. Mch logic trnh t Mch trnh t hay cn gi l mch dy x (sequential circuits) l mch trong trng 1 thi ca tn hiu ra khng nhng ph thuc xn tn hiu vo m cn ph thuc c trnh t tc ng ca tn hiu vo, ngha l c nh cc trng thi. Nh vy, v mt thit b th mch trnh t khng nhng ch c cc phn t ng m m cn c c cc phn t nh. S nguyn l mch logic trnh t nh hnh 1.6 Xt mch logic trnh t nh hnh 1.7. Ta xt hot ng ca mch khi thay i trng thi ng m ca x1 v x2. Biu hnh 1.7b m t hot ng ca mch, trong biu cc nt m biu hin tn hiu c gi tr 1, cn nt mnh biu hin tn hiu c gi tr 0.
x1 x2 y x2 y

x1
x2

x3

y1

x3
x2

x1

y2

Hnh 1.5

Mch t hp

y1 y2 ym

Hnh 1.6

x1 y x2 y z z

3 2

5 2 1

5 6

9 1

a,

b,
Hnh 1.7

T biu hnh 1.7b ta thy, trng thi z = 1 ch t c khi thao tc theo trnh t x1 = 1 , tip theo x 2 = 1. Nu cho x 2 = 1 trc, sau cho x1 = 1 th c y v z u khng th bng 1. m t mch trnh t ta c th dng bng chuyn trng thi, dng hnh trng thi Mealy, hnh trng thi Moore hoc dng phng php lu . Trong phng php lu c dng trc quan hn. T lu thut ton ta d dng chuyn sang dng hnh trng thi Mealy hoc hnh trng thi Moore. v t c th thit k c mch trnh t. Vi mch logic trnh t ta cng c bi ton phn tch v bi ton tng hp.

14

Gio Trnh PLC 1.5. Grafcet - m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip 1. Hot ng ca thit b cng nghip theo logic trnh t Trong dy truyn sn xut cng nghip, cc thit b my mc thng hot ng theo mt trnh t logic cht ch nhm m bo cht lng sn phm v an ton cho ngi v thit b. Mt qu trnh cng ngh no cng c th c ba hnh thc iu khin hot ng sau: + iu khin hon ton t ng, lc ny ch cn s ch huy chung ca nhn vin vn hnh h thng. + iu khin bn t ng, qu trnh lm vic c lin quan trc tip n cc thao tc lin tc ca con ngi gia cc chui hot ng t ng. + iu khin bng tay, tt c hot ng ca h u do con ngi thao tc. Trong qu trnh lm vic m bo an ton, tin cy v linh hot, h iu khin cn c s chuyn i d dng t iu khiu bng tay sang t ng v ngc li, v nh vy h iu khin mi p ng ng cc yu cu thc t. Trong qu trnh lm vic s khng bnh thng trong hot ng ca dy truyn c rt nhiu loi, khi thit k ta phi c gng m t chng mt cch y nht. Trong s cc hot ng khng bnh thng ca chng trnh iu khin mt dy truyn t ng, ngi ta thng phn bit ra cc loi sau: + H hng mt b phn trong cu trc iu khin. Lc ny cn phi x l ring phn chng trnh c ch h hng, ng thi phi lu tm cho dy truyn hot ng lc c h hng v sn sng chp nhn li iu khin khi h hng c sa cha xong. + H hng trong cu trc trnh t iu khin. + H hng b phn chp hnh (nh h hng thit b chp hnh, h hng cm bin, h hng cc b phn thao tc...) Khi thit k h thng phi tnh n cc phng thc lm vic khc nhau m bo an ton v x l kp thi cc h hng trong h thng, phi lun c phng n can thip trc tip ca ngi vn hnh n vic dng my khn cp, x l tc nghn vt liu v cc hin tng nguy him khc. Grafcel l cng c rt hu ch thit k v thc hin y cc yu cu ca h t ng cho cc qu trnh cng ngh k trn. 2. nh ngha Grafcet Grafcet l t vit tt ca ting Php Graphe fonctionnel de commande tape transition (chui chc nng iu khin giai on - chuyn tip), do hai c quan AFCET (Lin hp Php v tin hc, kinh t v k thut) v ADEPA (t chc nh nc v pht trin nn sn xut t ng ho) hp tc son tho thng 11/1982 c ng k t chc tiu chun ho Php. Nh vy, mng grafcet c tiu

15

Gio Trnh PLC chun ho v c cng nhn l mt ngn ng thch hp cho vic m t hot ng dy ca qu trnh t ng ho trong sn xut. Mng grafcet l mt hnh chc nng cho php m t cc trng thi lm vic ca h thng v biu din qu trnh iu khin vi cc trng thi v s chuyn i t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc, l mt hnh nh hng c xc nh bi cc phn t l: tp cc trng thi, tp cc iu kin chuyn trng thi. Mng grafcet m t thnh chui cc giai on trong chu trnh sn xut. Mng grafcet cho mt qu trnh sn xut lun lun l mt hnh khp kn t trng thi u n trng thi cui v t trng thi cui v trng thi u. 3. Mt s k hiu trong grafcet - Mt trng thi (giai on) c biu din bng mt hnh vung c nh s th t ch trng thi. Gn lin vi biu tng trng thi l mt hnh ch nht bn cnh, trong hnh ch nht ny c ghi cc tc ng ca trng thi hnh 1.8a v b. Mt trng thi c th tng ng vi mt hoc nhiu hnh ng ca qu trnh sn xut.
- Trng thi khi ng c th hin bng 2 hnh vung lng vo nhau, th t thng l 1 hnh 1.8c. - Trng thi hot ng (tch cc) c thm du . trong hnh vung trng thi hnh 1.8d.

Khi ng ng c a,

Hm ng c b,
Hnh 1.8

3.

c,

d,

- Vic chuyn tip t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc ch c th c thc hin khi cc iu kin chuyn tip c tho mn. Chng hn, vic chuyn tip gia cc trng thi 3 v 4 hnh 1.9a c thc hin khi tc ng ln bin b, cn

3 b 4 a,

5 c 6 b,
Hnh 1.9

7 d 8 c,

9 t/9/2s 10 d,

16

Gio Trnh PLC chuyn tip gia trng thi 5 v 6 c thc hin sn tng ca bin c hnh 1.9b, hnh 1.9c l tc ng sn gim ca bin d. Chuyn tip gia trng thi 9 v 10 hnh 1.9d s xy ra sau 2s k t khi c tc ng cui cng ca trng thi 9 c thc hin.
- K hiu phn nhnh nh hnh 1.10. s phn nhnh li tn ti hai loi l s r nhnh v s song song.

S r nhnh l phn s c hai iu kin lin h gia ba trng thi nh hnh 1.10a v b. S song song l s ch c mt iu kin lin h gia 3 trng thi nh hnh 1.10c v d. hnh 1.10a , khi trng thi 1 ang hot ng, nu chuyn tip t12 tho mn th trng thi 2 hot ng; nu chuyn tip t13 tho mn th trng thi 3 hot ng. hnh 1.10b nu trng thi 7 ang hot ng v c t79 th trng thi 9 hot ng, nu trng thi 8 ang hot ng v c t89 th trng thi 9 hot ng. hnh 1.10c nu trng thi 1 ang hot ng v c t123 th trng thi 2 v 3 ng thi hot ng. hnh 1.10d nu trng thi 7 v 8 ang cng hot ng v c t789 th trng thi 9 hot ng.

1. t12 2 a, 3 t13

7. t79 9 b,

8. t89

1. t123 2 c,
Hnh 1.10

7.

8. t789 9 d,

17

Gio Trnh PLC


- K hiu bc nhy nh hnh 1.11.

Hnh 1.11a biu din grafcet cho php thc hin bc nhy, khi a trng thi 2 ang hot ng nu c iu kin a th qu trnh s chuyn hot ng t trng thi 2 sang trng thi 5 b qua cc trng thi trung gian 3 v 4, nu iu kin a khng c tho mn th qu trnh chuyn tip theo trnh t 2, 3, 4, 5. Hnh 1.11b khi trng thi 8 ang hot ng nu tho mn iu kin f th qu trnh chuyn sang trng thi 9, nu khng tho mn iu kin 8 th qu trnh quay li trng 7. 4. Cch xy dng mng grafcet

2
a

6 d 7 b e 8 c f 9 b,
Hnh 1.11

5 a,

xy dng mng grafcet cho mt qu trnh no th trc tin ta phi m t mi hnh vi t ng bao gm cc giai on v cc iu kin chuyn tip, sau la chn cc dn ng v cc cm bin ri m t chng bng cc k hiu, sau kt ni chng li theo cch m t ca B- B+ B d grafcet. b0 V d: kp cht chi tit c v khoan trn b1 mt l hnh 1.12 th trc tin ngi iu khin n nt khi ng d khi a1 R0 R A+ ng chu trnh cng ngh t ng, qu trnh bt u t giai on 1: A A0 c + Giai on 1: S1 pttng A chuyn ng theo chiu A+ kp cht chi tit c. Aa0 Khi lc kp t yu cu c xc nh Hnh 1.12 bi cm bin p sut a1 th chuyn sang giai on 2. + Giai on 2: S2 u khoan B i xung theo chiu B+ v mi khoan quay theo chiu R, khi khoan su, xc nh bng nt b1 th kt thc giai on 2, chuyn sang giai on 3. + Giai on 3: S3 mi khoan i ln theo chiu B- v ngng quay. Khi mi khoan ln cao, xc nh bng b0 th khoan dng v chuyn sang giai on 4. + Giai on 4: S4 pttng A tr v theo chiu A- ni lng chi tit, v tr tr v c xc nh bi a0, khi pttng ngng chuyn ng, kt thc mt chu k gia cng. 18

Gio Trnh PLC Ta c s grafcet nh hnh 1.13 5. Phn tch mng grafcet
5.1. Qui tc vt qua, chuyn tip

2 S0 c S1 A+ a1 S2
n nt khi ng giai on kp vt chi tit c kp cht

- Mt trng thi trc ch chuyn tip sang trng thi sau khi n ang hot ng (tch cc) v c iu kin chuyn tip. - Khi qu trnh chuyn tip sang trng thi sau th giai on sau hot ng (tch cc) v s kh b hot ng ca trng thi trc (giai on trc ht tch cc).

R, B+ quay v mi khoan tin vo b1


khoan thng li mi khoan rt mi khoan ra m kp m kp xong

S3

Bb0

S4

Aa0

Vi cc iu kin hot ng Hnh 1.13 nh trn th c nhiu khi s khng hot ng c hoc hot ng khng tt. Ngi ta gi: + S khng hot ng c l s c nhnh cht. (S c nhnh ch c th vn hot ng nu nh khng i vo nhnh cht). + S khng sch l s m ti mt v tr no c pht lnh hai ln. V d 1: S hnh 1.14 l s c nhnh cht. S ny khng th lm vic c do S2 v S4 khng th cng tch cc v gi s h ang trng thi ban u S0 nu c iu kin 3 th S0 ht tch cc v chuyn sang S3 tch cc. Sau nu c iu kin 4 th S3 ht tch cc v S4 tch cc. Nu lc ny c iu kin 1 th S1 cng khng th tch cc c v S0 ht tch cc. Do khng bao gi S2 tch cc c na m S5 tch cc th phi c S2 v S4 tch cc km iu kin 5 nh vy h s nm im v tr S4. Mun s trn lm vic c ta phi chuyn mch r nhnh thnh mch song song. S1 2 S2 S4 5 S5 6
Hnh 1.14

S0 1 S3 4 3

V d 2: S hnh 1.15 l s khng sch. Mng ang trng thi ban u nu c iu kin 1 th s chuyn trng thi cho c S1 v S3 tch cc. Nu c iu kin 3 ri 4 th s chuyn cho S5 tch cc. Khi cha c iu kin 6 m li c iu

19

Gio Trnh PLC

S0 1

S0 1 3 S3 2 S2 4 5 S5 6 7
Hnh 1.16

S1 2 S2 5 S5

S3 3 S4

S1

4 S4 6

Hnh 1.15

kin 2 ri 5 trc th S5 li chuyn tch cc ln na. Tc l c hai ln lnh cho S5 tch cc, vy l s khng sch. V d 3: S hnh 1.16 l s sch. s ny nu c S3 tch cc (iu kin 3) th nu c iu kin 1 cng khng c ngha v S0 ht tch cc. Nh vy, mch r sang nhnh 2, nu ln lt c cc iu kin 4 v 6 th S5 s tch cc sau nu c iu kin 7 th h li tr v trng thi ban u.
5.2. Phn tch mng grafcet

Nh phn tch trn th nhiu khi mng grafcet khng hot ng c hoc hot ng khng tt. Nhng i vi cc mng khng hot ng c hoc hot ng khng tt vn c th lm vic c nu nh khng i vo nhnh cht. Trong thc t sn xut mt h thng c th ang hot ng rt tt, nhng nu v l do no m h thng phi thay i ch lm vic (do s c tng phn hoc do thay i cng ngh...) th c th h thng s khng hot ng c nu l nhnh cht. Vi cch phn tch s nh trn th kh nh gi c cc mng c phc tp ln. Do ta phi xt mt cch phn tch mng grafcet l dng phng php gin im. thnh lp gin im ta i theo cc bc sau: + V mt u tin cho gin im, ghi s 0. Xut pht t giai on u trn grafcet c coi l ang tch cc, giai on ny ang c du ., khi c mt iu kin c thc hin, s c cc giai on mi c tch cc th:
- nh du . vo cc giai on va c tch cc trn grafcet. - Xo du . giai on ht tch cc trn grafcet.

20

Gio Trnh PLC


- To mt mi trn gin im sau iu kin va thc hin. - Ghi ht cc giai on tch cc ca h (c du .) vo mi va to.

+ T cc thnh lp khi mt iu kin no li c thc hin th cc giai on tch cc li c chuyn i, ta li lp li bn bc nh trn. + Qu trnh c nh vy tip tc, ta c th v hon thin c gin im (s to thnh mch lin tc, sau khi kt thc li tr v im xut pht) hoc khng v hon thin c. Nhn vo gin im ta s c cc kt lun sau: - Nu trong qu trnh v n giai on no khng th v tip c na (khng hon thin s ) th s l s c nhnh cht, v d 2. - Nu v c ht m v tr no c cc im lm vic cng tn th l s khng sch v d 3. - Nu v c ht v khng c v tr no c cc im lm vic cng tn th l s lm vic tt, s sch v d 1. V d 1: V gin im cho s sch hnh 1.17a.

S0 1 S1 2 S2 5 S5 6 a,
Hnh 1.17

0 1 S3 4 S4 2 2,3 4 2,4 5 6 6 b, 1,3 4 1,4 2

thi im u h ang giai on S0 (c du .), khi iu kin 1 c thc hin th c S1 v S3 cng chuyn sang tch cc, nh du . vo S1 v S3, xo du . S0. Vy, sau iu kin 1 ta to mi v trong ny ta ghi hai trng thi tch cc l 1,3. Nu cc iu kin khc khng din ra th mch vn trng thi 1 v 3.

21

Gio Trnh PLC Khi h ang 1,3 nu iu kin 4 c thc hin th giai on 4 tch cc (thm du .), giai on 3 ht tch cc (mt du .). Vy sau iu kin 4 to mi (ni vi 1,3), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 1,4. Khi h ang 1,3 nu iu kin 2 c thc hin th giai on 2 tch cc (thm du .), giai on 1 ht tch cc (mt du .). Vy sau iu kin 2 to mi (ni vi 1,3), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 2,3. Khi h ang 1,4 hoc 2,3 nu c iu kin 5 th qu trnh vn khng chuyn tip v chuyn giai on 5 phi c S2 v S4 cng tch cc kt hp iu kin 5. Khi h ang 1,4 nu iu kin 2 c thc hin th giai on 2 tch cc (thm du .), giai on 1 ht tch cc (mt du .). Vy sau iu kin 2 to mi (ni vi 1,4), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 2,4. Khi h ang 2,3 nu iu kin 4 c thc hin th giai on 4 tch cc (thm du .), giai on 3 ht tch cc (mt du .). Vy sau iu kin 4 to mi (ni vi 2,3), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 2,4. Khi h ang 2,4 nu iu kin 5 c thc hin th giai on 5 tch cc (thm du .), giai on 2 v 4 ht tch cc (mt du .). Vy sau iu kin 5 to mi (ni vi 2,4), ny ghi trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 5. Khi h ang 5 nu iu kin 6 c thc hin th giai on 0 tch cc (thm du .), giai on 5 ht tch cc (mt du .), h tr v trng thi ban u. T gin im ta thy khng c no c 2 im lm vic cng tn v v c c s , vy l s sch. V d 2: V gin im cho s c nhnh cht hnh 1.14 Gin im nh hnh 1.18. Trong trng hp ny ta khng th v tip c na v S5 tch cc phi c c S2 v S4 cng tch cc cng iu kin 5. Nhng khng c no c 2,4. V d 3: V gin im cho s khng sch hnh 1.5 0

1
1

3
3

S0 1 4 3 S3 2 S2 S4 5 S5 6
Hnh 1.14

2
2 Hnh 1.18 4

S1

Cch tin hnh v gin im nh trn, gin im nh hnh 1.19. T gin im ta thy c nhiu im c 2 im lm vic trng nhau (cng tn), vy l s khng sch. gin im hnh 1.19 c th tip tc v gin s m rng. 22

Gio Trnh PLC

S0 1 0 1 2 5 6 2
133 0,3 3,5 2,3 1,3

S1 3 2 4
1,5

S3 3 S4 5 4 S5

3 2
2,4

1,4

S2

3 5
4,5

4 2
2,5

6
1,0

3 6
0,4

4 5
5,5

6 2 6 5
2,0

1
113

6
Hnh 1.15

3
134

4 6
0,5

1
123

6 6
0,0 Hnh 1.19

5,0

Ch : h thng lm vic tt th trong mng grafcet mt phn mch np bt buc phi c: + Khi m ra l song song th kt thc phi l song song. + Khi m ra l r nhnh th kt thc phi l r nhnh.

23

Gio Trnh PLC Chng 2: Mt s ng dng mch logic trong iu khin 2.1. Cc thit b iu khin 1. Cc nguyn tc iu khin Qu trnh lm vic ca ng c in truyn ng mt my sn xut thng gm cc giai on: khi ng, lm vic v iu chnh tc , dng v c th c c giai on o chiu. Ta xt ng c l mt thit b ng lc, qu trnh lm vic v c bit l qu trnh khi ng, hm thng c dng in ln, t thn ng c in va l thit b chp hnh nhng cng va l i tng iu khin phc tp. V nguyn l khng ch truyn ng in, khi ng v hm ng c vi dng in c hn ch trong gii hn cho php, ta thng dng ba nguyn tc khng ch t ng sau:
- Nguyn tc thi gian: Vic ng ct thay i tc ng c da theo nguyn tc thi gian, ngha l sau nhng khong thi gian xc nh s c tn hiu iu khin thay i tc ng c. Phn t cm bin v khng ch c bn y l rle thi gian. - Nguyn tc tc : Vic ng ct thay i tc ng c da vo nguyn l xc nh tc tc thi ca ng c. Phn t cm bin v khng ch c bn y l rle tc . - Nguyn tc dng in: Ta bit tc ng c do mmen ng c xc nh, m mmen li ph thuc vo dng in chy qua ng c, do vy c th o dng in khng ch qu trnh thay i tc ng c in. Phn t cm bin v khng ch c bn y l rle dng in.

Mi nguyn tc iu khin u c u nhc im ring, ty tng trng hp c th m chn cc phng php cho ph hp. 2. Cc thit b iu khin iu khin s lm vic ca cc thit b cn phi c cc thit b iu khin. ng ct khng thng xuyn ta thng dng ptmt. Trong ptmt h thng tip im c b phn dp h quang v cc b phn t ng ct mch bo v qu ti v ngn mch. B phn ct mch in bng tc ng in t theo kiu dng in cc i. Khi dng in vt qu tr s cho php chng s ct mch in bo v ngn mch, ngoi ra cn c rle nhit bo v qu ti. Phn t c bn ca rle nhit l bn lng kim gm hai ming kim loi c dn n nhit khc nhau dn li vi nhau. Khi bn lng kim b t nng (thng l bng dng in cn bo v) s b bin dng (cong), bin dng ti ngng th s tc ng vo cc b phn khc ct mch in. Cc rle in t, cng tc t tc dng nh lc ht in t. Cu to ca rle in t thng gm cc b phn chnh sau: cun ht; mch t tnh lm bng vt liu st t; phn ng cn gi l phn ng v h thng cc tip im.

24

Gio Trnh PLC


Mch t ca rle c dng in mt chiu chy qua lm bng thp khi, cn mch t ca rle xoay chiu lm bng l thp k thut in. chng rung v lc ht ca nam chm in c dng xung trn mt cc ngi ta t vng ngn mch. Sc in ng cm ng trong vng ngn mch s to ra dng in v lm cho t thng qua vng ngn mch lch pha vi t thng chnh, nh lc ht phn ng khng b gin on, cc tip im lun c tip xc tt. Tu theo nguyn l tc ng ngi ta ch to nhiu loi thit b iu khin khc nhau nh rle dng in, rle in p, rle thi gian.... H thng tip im c cu to khc nhau v thng m bc hay thic m bo tip xc tt. Cc thit b ng ct mch ng lc c dng in ln, h thng tip im chnh c b phn dp h quang, ngoi ra cn c cc tip im ph ng ct cho mch iu khin. Tu theo trng thi tip im ngi ta chia ra cc loi tip im khc nhau. Mt s k hiu thng gp nh bng 2.1. TT Tn gi 1 Tip im cu dao, my ct, ptmt Thng m Thng ng 2 Tip im cng tct, khi ng t, rle Thng m Thng m khi m c thi gian Thng m khi ng c thi gian Thng ng Thng ng khi m c thi gian Thng ng khi ng c thi gian 3 Tip im c b phn dp h quang K hiu

Tip im c b phn tr li v tr ban u bng tay

Nt n thng m Nt n thng ng Cun dy rle, cng tc t, khi ng t

Phn t nhit ca rle nhit

2.2. Cc s khng ch ng c rto lng sc Tu theo cng sut v yu cu cng ngh m ng c khng ng b rto lng sc c th c ni trc tip vo li in, dng i ni sao-tam gic, qua in khng, qua bin p t ngu, ngy nay thng dng cc b khi ng mm khi ng ng c. 1. Mch khng ch n gin Vi ng c cng sut nh ta c th ng trc tip vo li in. Nu ng c ch quay theo mt chiu th mch ng ct c th dng cu dao, ptmt vi
25

Gio Trnh PLC thit b ng ct ny c nhc im l khi ang lm vic nu mt in, th khi c in tr li ng c th t khi ng. trnh iu ta dng khi ng t n ng ct cho ng c. Xt s ng ct c o chiu dng khi ng t kp nh hnh 2.1.
A B C CD

D T4

KT N5

RN1 RN2

KN T 5 T1 T2 T3 N1 N2 N3 N4

RN2

RN1

C
Hnh 2.1

Cu dao trn mch ng lc l cu dao cch ly (cu dao ny ch yu ng ct khng ti, cch ly khi sa cha). Cc tip im T1, T2, T3 ng ng c chy thun, cc tip im N1, N2, N3 ng ng c chy ngc (o th t hai trong ba pha li in). Cc tip im T5 v N5 l cc kho lin ng v in khng ch cc ch chy thun v ngc khng th cng ng thi, nu ang chy thun th T5 m, N khng th c in, nu ang chy ngc th N5 m, T khng th c in. Ngoi cc lin ng v in khi ng t kp cn c lin ng c kh, khi cun T ht th ly c kh kho khng cho cun N ht na khi cun N ht th ly c kh kho khng cho cun T ht na. Trong mch dng hai rle nhit RN1 v RN2 bo v qu ti cho ng c, khi ng c qu ti th rle nhit tc ng lm cc tip im ca n bn mch iu khin m, cc cun ht mt in ct in ng c. khi ng ng c chy thun (hoc ngc) ta n nt KT (hoc KN), cun ht T c in, ng cc tip im T1... T3 cp in cho ng c chy theo chiu thun, tip im T4 ng li t duy tr. dng ng c ta n nt dng D, cc cun ht mt in, ct in ng c, ng c t dng. o chiu ng c trc ht ta phi n nt dng D, cc cun ht mt in mi n nt o chiu.

26

Gio Trnh PLC 2. Mch khng ch o chiu c gim st tc . Xt s khng ch ng c lng sc quay theo hai chiu v c hm ngc. Hm ngc l hm xy ra lc ng c cn ang quay theo chiu ny (do qun tnh), nhng ta li ng in cho ng c quay theo chiu ngc li m khng ch cho ng c dng hn ri mi ng in cho ng c o chiu. Hm ngc c kh nng hm nhanh v c th to mmen hm ln (do s dng c hai ngun nng lng l ng nng v in nng to thnh nng lng hm), tuy vy dng in hm s ln v trong ng dng c th phi lu hn ch dng in hm ny. S hnh 2.2 thc hin nhim v . Trong s c thm rle trung gian P. Hai rle tc (gn vi ng c), rle tc thun c tip im KT v rle tc ngc c tip im KN, cc rle ny khi tc cao th cc tip im rle kn, tc thp th tip im rle h.
A B C CD D P1 P2
KT1 KN1

P
N5

KT2 KN2

RN1 RN2

T4
KN3

T1 T2 T3

N1 N2 N3
KT3

N4

T5

RN2

RN1

P3

KT KN

Hnh 2.2

Khi khi ng chy thun ta n nt khi ng thun KT, tip im KT1 h, KT3 h ngn khng cho cun ht N v P c in, tip im KT2 kn cp in cho cun ht T, cc tip im T1... T3 kn cp in cho ng c chy thun, Tip im T4 kn t duy tr, tip im T5 h cm cun N c in. Khi ang chy thun cn chy ngc ta n nt khi ng ngc KN, tip im KN1 h khng cho P c in, tip im KN2 h ct in cun ht T lm mt in ch chy thun, tip im KN3 kn cp in cho cun ht N cp in cho ch chy ngc v tip im N4 kn t duy tr. Nu mun dng ta n nt dng D, cp in cho cun ht P, cun ht P ng tip im P1 t duy tr, h P2 ct ng ngun ang cp cho cun ht T hoc N, nhng lp tc P3 kn cun ht N hoc T li c cp in, nu khi trc ng c ang chy thun (cun T lm vic) tc ang ln th KT kn, cun N c

27

Gio Trnh PLC cp in ng in cho ch chy ngc lm ng c dng nhanh, khi tc gim thp th KT m ct in cun ht N, ng c dng hn. Khi cc rle nhit tc ng th ng c dng t do. 3. Khng ch ng c lng sc kiu i ni / c o chiu Vi mt s ng c khi lm vic nh mc ni th khi khi ng c th ni hnh sao lm in p t vo dy cun gim 3 do dng in khi ng gim. S hnh 2.3 cho php thc hin i ni / c o chiu.
D A B C

KT1

KN1

N5

T4
KT2 KN2

T1

N1

S1 T6 N6

N4 Tg1 Tg2

T5

N S

5
S5

4 6
Hnh 2.3

Tg

Trong s c khi ng t T ng cho ch chy thun, khi ng t N ng cho ch chy ngc, khi ng t S ng in cho ch khi ng hnh sao, khi ng t ng in cho ch chy tam gic. Rle thi gian Tg duy tr thi gian, c hai tip im Tg1 l tip im thng kn m chm thi gian t1 , Tg2 l tip im thng m ng chm thi gian t 2 vi t1 > t 2 . Khi cn khi ng thun ta n nt khi ng thun KT, tip im KT2 ngn khng cho cun N c in, tip im KT1 kn ng in cho cun thun T, ng cc tip im T1...T3 a in p thun vo ng c, T4 t duy tr, T5 ngn khng cho N c in, T6 cp in cho rle thi gian Tg, ng thi cp in ngay cho cun ht S, ng ng c khi ng kiu ni sao, tip im S5 m cha cho cun . Khi Tg c in th sau thi gian ngn t 2 th Tg2 ng chun b cp in cho cun ht . Sau khong thi gian duy tr t 1 th tip im Tg1 m ra cun ht S mt in ct ch khi ng sao ca ng c, tip im S5 kn cp in cho cun ht , a ng c vo lm vic ch ni tam gic v t duy tr bng tip im 4.

28

Gio Trnh PLC Khi cn o chiu (nu ang chy thun) ta n nt khi ng ngc KN, T mt in lm T6 m qu trnh li khi ng theo ch ni sao nh trn vi cun ht N, cc tip im N1 ... N3 i th t hai trong ba pha (i pha A v B cho nhau) lm chiu quay i chiu. Khi mun dng ta n nt dng D, ng c dng t do. 2.3. Cc s khng ch ng c khng ng b rto dy qun Cc bin php khi ng v thay i tc nh ng c rto lng sc cng c th p dng cho ng c rto dy qun. Nhng nh vy khng tn dng c u im ca ng c rto dy qun l kh nng thay i dng khi ng cng nh thay i tc bng cch thay i in tr ph mc vo mch rto. Do vi ng c rto dy qun gim dng khi khi ng cng nh thay i tc ng c ngi ta dng phng php thay i in tr ph mc vo mch rto. 1. Khi ng ng c rto dy qun theo nguyn tc thi gian Cch ny thng dng cho h thng c cng sut trung bnh v ln. S khng ch nh hnh 2.4.
K1 K2 K3
RN2 RN1

RN2 RN1

K4 K5 2K3 1Tg

C
2K1 1K1 2K2 R1 1K2 R2

1T
1K

1K3 2Tg

2T
2K

2K4
Hnh 2.4

Trong s c 2 rle nhit RN1 v RN2 bo v qu ti cho ng c, hai rle thi gian 1Tg v 2Tg vi hai tip im thng m ng chm duy tr thi gian loi in tr ph mch rto. khi ng ta n nt khi ng K cp in cho cun ht K cc tip im K1, K2, K3 ng cp in cho ng c, ng c khi ng vi hai cp in tr ph, tip im K4 t duy tr, tip im K5 cp in cho cc rle thi gian. Sau khong thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m ng chm 1Tg ng li cp in cho 1K loi in tr ph R2 ra khi mch rto, tip im 1K3 ng cp in cho rle thi gian 2Tg. Sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m ng chm 2Tg ng li cp in cho 2K loi nt in tr R1 khi mch khi 29

Gio Trnh PLC ng, ng c lm vic trn c tnh c t nhin. Tip im 2K4 t duy tr, 2K5 ct in cc rle thi gian. Khi mun dng n nt dng D, ng c c ct khi li v dng t do. 2. Thay i tc ng c rto dy qun bng thay i in tr ph Trong cng nghip c nhiu my sn xut dng truyn ng ng c rto dy qun iu chnh tc nh cu trc, my cn.... v y thng dng thm khu hm ng nng dng my. Hm ng nng l cch hm s dng ng nng ca ng c ang quay to thnh nng lng hm. Vi ng c rto dy qun, mun hm ng nng th khi ct in phi ni cc cun dy xtato vo in p mt chiu to thnh t thng kch thch cho ng c to mmen hm. S nguyn l ca h thng nh hnh 2.5.
+ A B C

H1 H2
R

1S1 2S 3S K5
RN2 RN1 5

KC K4 K5
3 4 1 2

RN2 RN1

1S
3S1

2S 3S 1K

2S1

C
2K1 1K1 2K2 r1 1K2 r2

7 9 11

8 10

1K
12

2K
1Tg 2Tg

2S 3S

a,
3 2 3 2 1 0 1

KC

c,

1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12

1 2 3

2S

3S

1Tg

2Tg

b,
Hnh 2.5

ng c rto dy qun c th quay theo hai chiu, theo chiu thun nu 1S, 2S ng v theo chiu ngc nu 1S, 3S ng. Cng tc t H ng ngun mt chiu lc hm ng nng, cng tc t 1K, 2K ct in tr ph trong mch rto lm thay i tc ng c khi lm vic. Khi hm ng nng ton b in tr ph r1 v r2 c a vo mch rto hn ch dng in hm, cn in tr ph R trong mch mt chiu t gi tr m men hm. Trong h thng c b khng ch ch huy kiu chuyn mch c kh KC. B KC c nguyn l cu to l mt tr trn c kh, c th quay hai chiu, trn trc 30

Gio Trnh PLC c gn cc tip im ng v kt hp vi cc tip im tnh to thnh cc cp tip im c ng ct tu thuc vo v tr quay ca tr. th ng m tip im ca b khng ch KC c th hin trn hnh 2.5c. V d v tr 0 ca b khng ch ch c tip im 1-2 ng, tt c cc v tr cn li ca cc tip im u ct hoc cp tip im 9-10 s ng cc v tr 2, 3 bn tri v 2, 3 bn phi. Hot ng ca b khng ch nh sau: Khi ng in cp ngun cho h thng. Ban u b khng ch c t v tr 0 cng tc t K c in, cc tip im K mch khng ch ng li, chun b cho h thng lm vic. Nu mun ng c quay theo chiu thun th ta quay b KC v pha tri, nu mun ng c quay ngc th ta quay b KC v pha phi. Gi thit ta quay b KC v v tr 2 pha tri, lc ny cc tip im 3-4, 5-6, 9-10 ca b KC kn, cc cun dy cng tc t 1S, 2S, 1K v cc rle thi gian 1Tg, 2Tg c in, cc tip im 1S, 2S mch ng lc ng li, cun dy xtato c ng vo ngun 3 pha, tip im 1K trong mch rto ng li ct phn in tr ph r2 ra, ng c c khi ng v lm vic vi in tr ph r1 trong mch rto, tip im 1Tg m ra, 2Tg ng li chun b cho qu trnh hm ng nng khi dng. Nu mun dng ng c th quay b KC v v tr 0, cc cng tc t 1S, 2S, 1K v cc rle thi gian 1Tg, 2Tg mt in, ng c c ct khi ngun in 3 pha vi ton b in tr r1, r2 c a vo rto, ng thi tip im thng kn ng chm 1Tg ng li (ng chm mt thi gian ngn m bo h c ct khi li in), tip im thng m m chm 2Tg cha m ( t 2 > t 1 ) cng tc t H c in tip im H1, H2 ng li cp ngun mt chiu cho xtato ng c v ng c c hm ng nng. Sau thi gian chnh nh t 2 tip im thng m m chm m ra tng ng vi tc ng c nh, cun dy H mt in, ngun mt chiu c ct khi cun dy xtato, kt thc qu trnh hm ng nng. Trong thc t, ngi ta yu cu ngi vn hnh khi quay b khng ch KC qua mi v tr phi dng li mt thi gian ngn h thng lm vic an ton c v mt in v c. 2.4. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu Vi ng c in mt chiu khi khi ng cn thit phi gim dng khi ng. gim dng khi khi ng c th a thm in tr ph vo mch phn ng. Ngy nay nh k thut in t v tin hc pht trin ngi ta ch to cc b bin i mt chiu bng bn dn cng sut ln lm ngun trc tip cho ng c v iu khin cc b bin i ny bng mch s logic kh trnh. Cc b bin i ny ni trc tip vo ng c, vic khng ch khi ng, hm v iu chnh tc u thc hin bng cc mch s kh trnh rt thun tin v linh hot. Tuy nhin, mt s mch n gin vn c th dng s cc mch logic nh hnh 2.6 khi ng ng c ta n nt khi ng K lc cng tc t K c in, cc tip im thng m K1 ng li cp in cho ng c vi 2 in tr ph, K2 ng li t duy tr, K3 ng li, K4 m ra lm rle thi gian 3Tg mt in, sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng ng ng chm 3Tg1 ng li lm cng tc t 1K c in, ng tip im 1K1 loi in tr ph r2 khi mch ng c v lm rle thi gian 2Tg mt in, sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng 31

Gio Trnh PLC


+ + 2K1 1K1 r2 K1

D K2 K3

K RN

C
H1 Rh

r1 RN

K
1Tg

2Tg

3Tg1 1K2 K4 1Tg1 2Tg1

1K 2K 3Tg

a,

b,
Hnh 2.6

ng ng chm 2Tg1 ng li cp in cho cng tc t 2K ng tip im 2K2 loi r1 ra khi mch ng lc qu trnh khi ng kt thc. dng ng c ta n nt dng D lc cng tc t K mt in, tip im K1 mch ng lc m ra ct phn ng ng c khi ngun in. ng thi tip im K2, K3 m ra lm rle thi gian 1Tg mt in bt u tnh thi gian hm, K4 ng li lm cng tc t H c in ng tip im H1 a in tr hm Rh vo thc hin qu trnh hm. Sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m m chm 1Tg1 m ra, cng tc t H mt in kt thc qu trnh hm, h thng khng ch v mch ng lc tr v trng thi ban u chun b cho ln khi ng sau.

32

Gio Trnh PLC Phn 2: iu khin logic c lp trnh (PLC) Chng 3: l lun chung v iu khin logic lp trnh PLC 3.1. M u S pht trin ca k thut iu khin t ng hin i v cng ngh iu khin logic kh trnh da trn c s pht trin ca tin hc m c th l s pht trin ca k thut my tnh. K thut iu khin logic kh trnh PLC (Programmable Logic Control) c pht trin t nhng nm 1968 -1970. Trong gia on u cc thit b kh trnh yu cu ngi s dng phi c k thut in t, phi c trnh cao. Ngy nay cc thit b PLC pht trin mnh m v c mc ph cp cao. Thit b iu khin logic lp trnh c PLC l dng thit b iu khin c bit da trn b vi x l, s dng b nh lp trnh c lu tr cc lnh v thc hin cc chc nng, chng hn, cho php tnh logic, lp chui, nh gi, m, v cc thut ton iu khin my v cc qu trnh cng ngh. PLC c thit k cho cc k s, khng yu cu cao kin thc v my tnh v ngn ng my tnh, c th vn hnh. Chng c thit k cho khng ch cc nh lp trnh my tnh mi c th ci t hoc thay i chng trnh. V vy, cc nh thit k PLC phi lp trnh sn sao cho chng trnh iu khin c th nhp bng cch s dng ngn ng n gin (ngn ng iu khin). Thut ng logic c s dng v vic lp trnh ch yu lin quan n cc hot ng logic v d nu c cc iu kin A v B th C lm vic... Ngi vn hnh nhp chng trnh (chui lnh) vo b nh PLC. Thit b iu khin PLC s gim st cc tn hiu vo v cc tn hiu ra theo chng trnh ny v thc hin cc quy tc iu khin c lp trnh. Cc PLC tng t my tnh, nhng my tnh c ti u ho cho cc tc v tnh ton v hin th, cn PLC c chuyn bit cho cc tc v iu khin v mi trng cng nghip. V vy cc PLC: + c thit k bn chu c rung ng, nhit, m v ting n. + C sn giao din cho cc thit b vo ra. + c lp trnh d dng vi ngn ng iu khin d hiu, ch yu gii quyt cc php ton logic v chuyn mch. V c bn chc nng ca b iu khin logic PLC cng ging nh chc nng ca b iu khin thit k trn c s cc rle cng tc t hoc trn c s cc khi in t l: + Thu thp cc tn hiu vo v cc tn hiu phn hi t cc cm bin. + Lin kt, ghp ni cc tn hiu theo yu cu iu khin v thc hin ng m cc mch ph hp vi cng ngh. + Tnh ton v son tho cc lnh iu khin trn c s so snh cc thng tin thu thp c. + Phn pht cc lnh iu khin n cc a ch thch hp. 33

Gio Trnh PLC Ring i vi my cng c v ngi my cng nghip th b PLC c th lin kt vi b iu khin s NC hoc CNC hnh thnh b iu khin thch nghi. Trong h thng trung tm gia cng, mi quy trnh cng ngh u c b PLC iu khin tp trung. 3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt b PLC 1. Cu hnh phn cng H thng PLC thng dng c nm b phn c bn gm: b x l, b nh, b ngun, giao din vo/ra v thit b lp trnh. S h thng nh hnh 3.1
1.1. B x l

Thit b lp trnh B nh Giao din vo B x l Giao din ra

B x l cn gi l b x l trung Ngun tm (CPU), l linh cung cp kin cha b vi x l. B x l bin Hnh 3.1 dch cc tn hiu vo v thc hin cc hot ng iu khin theo chng trnh c lu trong b nh ca CPU, truyn cc quyt nh di dng tn hiu hot ng n cc thit b ra. Nguyn l lm vic ca b x l tin hnh theo tng bc tun t, u tin cc thng tin lu tr trong b nh chng trnh c gi ln tun t v c kim sot bi b m chng trnh. B x l lin kt cc tn hiu v a kt qu ra u ra. Chu k thi gian ny gi l thi gian qut (scan). Thi gian vng qut ph thuc vo tm vc ca b nh, vo tc ca CPU. Ni chung chu k mt vng qut nh hnh 3.2 4. Chuyn d liu t b m o ra TB ngoi vi 3. Truyn thng v kim tra li 1. Nhp d liu t TB ngoi vi vo b m 2. Thc hin chng trnh

Hnh 3.2 S thao tc tun t ca chng trnh dn n mt thi gian tr trong khi b m ca chng trnh i qua mt chu trnh y , sau bt u li t u. nh gi thi gian tr ngi ta o thi gian qut ca mt chng trnh di 1Kbyte v coi l ch tiu so snh cc PLC. Vi nhiu loi thit b thi gian tr ny c th ti 20ms hoc hn. Nu thi gian tr gy tr ngi cho qu trnh 34

Gio Trnh PLC iu khin th phi dng cc bin php c bit, chng hn nh lp li nhng ln gi quan trng trong thi gian mt ln qut, hoc l iu khin cc thng tin chuyn giao b bt i nhng ln gi t quan trng khi thi gian qut di ti mc khng th chp nhn c. Nu cc gii php trn khng tho mn th phi dng PLC c thi gian qut ngn hn.
1.2. B ngun

B ngun c nhim v chuyn i in p AC thnh in p thp cho b vi x l (thng l 5V) v cho cc mch in trong cc module cn li (thng l 24V).
1.3. Thit b lp trnh

Thit b lp trnh c s dng lp cc chng trnh iu khin cn thit sau c chuyn cho PLC. Thit b lp trnh c th l thit b lp trnh chuyn dng, c th l thit b lp trnh cm tay gn nh, c th l phn mm c ci t trn my tnh c nhn.
1.4. B nh

B nh l ni lu gi chng trnh s dng cho cc hot ng iu khin. Cc dng b nh c th l RAM, ROM, EPROM. Ngi ta lun ch to ngun d phng cho RAM duy tr chng trnh trong trng hp mt in ngun, thi gian duy tr tu thuc vo tng PLC c th. B nh cng c th c ch to thnh module cho php d dng thch nghi vi cc chc nng iu khin c kch c khc nhau, khi cn m rng c th cm thm.
1.5. Giao din vo/ra

Giao din vo l ni b x l nhn thng tin t cc thit b ngoi vi v truyn thng tin n cc thit b bn ngoi. Tn hiu vo c th t cc cng tc, cc b cm bin nhit , cc t bo quang in.... Tn hiu ra c th cung cp cho cc cun dy cng tc t, cc rle, cc van in t, cc ng c nh... Tn hiu vo/ra c th l tn hiu ri rc, tn hiu lin tc, tn hiu logic... Cc tn hiu Nt bm v cc cng tc logic gii hn B chuyn mch, cng tc hnh trnh, gii hn B PLC Cc tham s iu khin nh t0 p sut, p lc Cc tn hiu bo ng ...

Cc cun ht

Cc n

Cc van

Hnh 3.3

35

Gio Trnh PLC vo/ra c th th hin nh hnh 3.3. Mi im vo ra c mt a ch duy nht c PLC s dng. Cc knh vo/ra c cc chc nng cch ly v iu ho tn hiu sao cho cc b cm bin v cc b tc ng c th ni trc tip vi chng m khng cn thm mch in khc. Tn hiu vo thng c Tn hiu ghp cch in (cch ly) nh vo linh kin quang nh hnh 3.4. Di tn hiu nhn vo cho cc PLC c ln c th l 5v, 24v, 110v, 220v. Cc PLC c nh thng ch nhp tn hiu 24v.
PLC Ghp ni quang Tn hiu n CPU Diode bo v Mch phn p

Tn hiu ra cng c Hnh 3.4 ghp cch ly, c th cch ly kiu rle nh hnh 3.5a, cch ly kiu quang nh hnh 3.5b. Tn hiu ra c th l tn hiu chuyn mch 24v, 100mA; 110v, 1A mt chiu; thm ch 240v, 1A xoay chiu tu loi PLC. Tuy nhin, vi PLC c ln di tn hiu ra c th thay i bng cch la chn cc module ra thch hp.
Rle Cu ch Tn hiu ra Ghp ni quang Tn hiu ra

PLC a, b, Hnh 3.5

PLC

2. Cu to chung ca PLC Cc PLC c hai kiu cu to c bn l: kiu hp n v kiu modulle ni ghp. Kiu hp n thng dng cho cc PLC c nh v c oooooooooooo cung cp di dng nguyn chic hon chnh gm b ngun, b x l, b nh v cc giao oooooooooooo din vo/ra. Kiu hp n Hnh 3.6 thng vn c kh nng ghp ni c vi cc module ngoi m rng kh nng ca PLC. Kiu hp n nh hnh 3.6.
cp ni vi bn ngoi

Chn cm vo Chn cm ra

Kiu module gm cc module ring cho mi chc nng nh module ngun, module x l trung tm, module ghp ni, module vo/ra, module m, module 36

Gio Trnh PLC PID... cc module c lp trn cc rnh v c kt ni vi nhau. Kiu cu to ny c th c s dng cho cc thit b iu khin lp trnh vi mi kch c, c nhiu b chc nng khc nhau c gp vo cc module ring bit. Vic s dng cc module tu thuc cng dng c th. Kt cu ny kh linh hot, cho php m B ngun B x l Cc module vo/ra... rng s lng u ni vo/ra bng cch b sung cc module vo/ra hoc tng Hnh 3.7 cng b nh bng cch tng thm cc n v nh. 3.3. Cc vn v lp trnh 1. Khi nim chung Mt PLC c th s dng mt cch kinh t hay khng ph thuc rt ln vo thit b lp trnh. Khi trang b mt b PLC th ng thi phi trang b mt thit b lp trnh ca cng mt hng ch to. Tuy nhin, ngy nay ngi ta c th lp trnh bng phn mm trn my tnh sau chuyn sang PLC bng mch ghp ni ring. S khc nhau chnh gia b iu khin kh trnh PLC v cng ngh rle hoc bn dn l ch k thut nhp chng trnh vo b iu khin nh th no. Trong iu khin rle, b iu khin c chuyn i mt cch c hc nh u ni dy iu khin cng. Cn vi PLC th vic lp trnh c thc hin thng qua mt thit b lp trnh v mt ngoi vi chng trnh. C th ch ra qui trnh lp trnh theo gin hnh 3.8. Biu chc nng Biu thi gian

Cn b k thut

Biu cng tc

Biu bn dn

Biu dy

T iu khin

PLC

B nh

My vi tnh

B lp trnh

Hnh 3.8

lp trnh ngi ta c th s dng mt trong cc m hnh sau y: + M hnh dy

37

Gio Trnh PLC + M hnh cc chc nng + M hnh biu ni dy + M hnh logic Vic la chn m hnh no trong cc m hnh trn cho thch hp l tu thuc vo loi PLC v iu quan trng l chn c loi PLC no cho php giao lu tin li v trnh c chi ph khng cn thit. a s cc thit b lu hnh trn th trng hin nay l dng m hnh dy hoc biu ni dy. Nhng PLC hin i cho php ngi dng chuyn t mt phng php nhp ny sang mt phng php nhp khc ngay trong qu trnh nhp. Trong thc t khi s dng biu ni dy th vic lp trnh c v n gin hn v n c cch th hin gn ging nh mch rle cng tc t. Tuy nhin, vi nhng ngi c sn nhng hiu bit c bn v ngn ng lp trnh th li cho rng dng m hnh dy d dng hn, ng thi vi cc mch c ln th dng m hnh dy c nhiu u im hn. Mi nh ch to u c nhng thit k v phng thc thao tc thit b lp trnh ring, v th khi c mt loi PLC mi th phi c thi gian v cn phi c hun luyn lm quen vi n. 2. Cc phng php lp trnh T cc cch m t h t ng cc nh ch to PLC son tho ra cc phng php lp trnh khc nhau. Cc phng php lp trnh u c thit k n gin, gn vi cc cch m t c bit n. T ni chung c ba phng php lp trnh c bn l phng php bng lnh STL, phng php biu bc thang LAD v phng php lu iu khin CSF. Trong , hai phng php bng lnh STL v biu bc thang LAD c dng ph bin hn c.
2.1. Mt s k hiu chung

Cu trc lnh: Mt lnh thng c ba phn chnh v thng vit nh hnh 3.9 (c loi PLC c cch vit hi khc): 004
1 2

I
3

00.2

1. a ch tng i ca lnh (thng khi lp trnh Hnh 3.9 thit b lp trnh t a ra) 2. Phn lnh l ni dung thao tc m PLC phi tc ng ln i tng ca lnh, trong lp trnh LAD th phn ny t th hin trn thanh LAD, khng c ghi ra. 3. i tng lnh, l phn m lnh tc ng theo yu cu iu khin, trong i tng lnh li c hai phn: 4. Loi i tng, c trng hp sau loi i tng c du :, loi i tng nh tn hiu vo, tn hiu ra, c (rle ni)... 5. Tham s ca i tng lnh xc nh c th i tng, cch ghi tham s cng ph thuc tng loi PLC khc nhau.

38

Gio Trnh PLC K hiu thng c trong mi lnh: Cc k hiu trong lnh, qui c cch vit vi mi quc gia c khc nhau, thm ch mi hng, mi thi ch to ca hng c th c cc k hiu ring. Tuy nhin, cch ghi chung nht cho mt s quc gia l:

M: + K hiu u vo l I (In), u ra l Q (out trnh nhm O l khng) + Cc lnh vit gn ting Anh v d ra l out + Lnh ra (gn) l out + Tham s ca lnh dng c s 10 + Pha trc i tng lnh c du % + Gia cc s ca tham s khng c du chm. V d: AND% I09; out%Q10.

Nht: + u vo k hiu l X, u ra k hiu l Y + Cc lnh hu nh c vit tt t ting anh + Lnh ra (gn) l out + Tham s ca lnh dng c s 8. V d: A X 10; out Y 07

Ty c + u vo k hiu l I, u ra k hiu l Q
+ Cc lnh hu nh c vit tt t ting Anh + Lnh ra (gn) l = + Tham s ca lnh dng c s 8 + Gia cc s ca tham s c du chm phn bit khe v knh V d: A I 1.0; = Q 0.7 Ngoi cc k hiu kh chung nh trn th mi hng cn c cc k hiu ring, c b lnh ring. Ngay cng mt hng cc thi ch to khc nhau cng c c im khc nhau vi b lnh khc nhau. Do , khi s dng PLC th mi loi PLC ta phi tm hiu c th hng dn s dng ca n. Mt s k hiu khc nhau vi cc lnh c bn c th hin r trn bng 3.1
2.2. Phng php hnh thang LAD (Ladder Logic)

Phng php hnh thang c dng ca biu nt bm. Cc phn t c bn ca phng php hnh thang l: + Tip im: thng m Thng kn

39

Gio Trnh PLC Bng 3.1


IEC 1131-3 LD LDN AND ANDN O ORN ST Misubishi LD LDI AND ANI OR ORI OUT OMRON LD LD NOT AND AND NOT OR OR NOT OUT Siemens Telemecanique A AN A AN O ON = L LN A AN O ON = Spreher v Schuh STR STR NOT AND AND NOT OR OR NOT OUT Khi u vi tip im thng m Khi u vi tip im thng kn Phn t ni tip c tip im m Phn t ni tip c tip im ng Phn t song song c tip im m Phn t song song c tip im ng Ly tn hiu ra Ch thch

+ Cun dy (m t cc rle) + Hp (m t cc hm khc nhau, cc lnh c bit) Mng LAD l ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon chnh, theo th t t tri sang phi, t trn xung di. Qu trnh qut ca PLC cng theo th t ny. Mi mt nc thang xc nh mt s hot ng ca qu trnh iu khin. Mt s LAD c nhiu nc thang. Trn mi phn t ca biu hnh thang LAD c cc tham s xc nh tu thuc vo k hiu ca tng hng sn xut PLC. V d: mt nc ca phng php hnh thang nh hnh 3.10
X400 X401 a, X402 y430 I0.0 I0.1 b, I0.2 Q3.0
I:001/01 I:002/01 I:011/01 O:010/01

c,

Hnh 3.10: phng php lp trnh thang LAD

Hnh 3.10a l kiu k hiu ca Misubishi (Nht) Hnh 3.10b l kiu k hiu ca Siemens (Ty c) Hnh 3.10c l k hiu ca Allen Bradley
2.3. Phng php lit k lnh STL (Statement List)

Phng php STL gn vi biu logic. phng php ny cc lnh c lit k th t. Tuy nhin, phn bit cc on chng trnh ngi ta thng dng cc m nh, mi m nh tng ng vi mt nc thang ca biu hnh 40

Gio Trnh PLC thang. khi u mi on (tng ng nh khi u mt nc thang) ta s dng cc lnh khi u nh LD, L, A, O... (bng 3.1). Kt thc mi on thng l lnh gn cho u ra, u ra c th l u ra cho thit b ngoi vi c th l u ra cho cc rle ni. V d: Mt on STL ca PLC S5 (Siemens) 0 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 A A = LD A = LD O I 0.0 I 0.1 Q 1.0 I 0.1 I 0.2 Q 1.0 X 400 X 403
X403 Hnh 3.13 Hnh 3.12 I 0.1 I 0.0 I 0.1 Q 1.0

Hnh 3.11

Mt on STL ca PLC S7-200 (Siemens)


I 0.2 Q 1.0

Mt on STL ca PLC MELSEC F1 (Nht)


X400 X404 Y433

ANI X 404 OUT Y 433 LD OR AND OUT 000.01 010.00


010.00

Mt on STL ca CPM1A (OMRON)


000.01 000.00 000.03 010.00

AND NOT 000.00 000.03 010.00

Hnh 3.14

2.4. Phng php lu iu khin CSF (Control System Flow)

Phng php lu iu khin CSF trnh by cc php ton logic vi cc k hiu ho c tiu chun ho nh hnh 3.15. Phng php lu iu khin thch hp vi ngi quen vi php tnh iu khin bng i s Booole. 3. Cc rle ni

I0.0 I0.1

&
Q0.0

Hnh 3.15: Phng php biu din CSF

Trong cc loi PLC c nhiu thut ng dng ch cc linh kin loi ny, v d: rle ph, b vch du, c hiu, lu tr bt, bit nh... y l linh kin cung 41

Gio Trnh PLC cp cc chc nng c bit gn lin vi PLC v c dng ph bit trong lp trnh. Rle ni ny tng t nh cc rle trung gian trong s rle cng tc t. Rle ni cng c coi l cc u ra nhn cc lnh gn u ra, nhng thc cht u ra ny khng a ra ngoi (khng phi thit b ngoi vi) m ch nm ni ti trong PLC. PLC nh c th c ti hng trm rle ni, cc rle ni u c nui bng ngun d phng khi mt in. Mt s k hiu cc rle ni: Hng Tn gi Misubishi Rle ph hoc b nh du Siemens C hiu Sprecher v Schuh Cun dy Telemecanique Bit Toshiba Rle ni Bradley Lu tr bit V d: s dng rle ni (ca Misibishi) 0 LD 1 OR 2 ANI 3 OUT 4 LD 5 AND 6 OUT 4. Cc rle thi gian X X X M M X Y 400 403 404 100 100 401 433 K hiu M F C B R B
X400 X403 M100 X401 Y433

V d M100; M101 F0.0; F0.1 C001; C002 B0; B1 R000; R001 B3/001; B3/002
X404 M100

Hnh 3.16

Trong cc h thng iu khin lun lun phi s dng rle thi gian duy tr thi gian cho qu trnh iu khin. Trong cc PLC ngi ta cng gn cc rle thi gian vo trong . Tuy nhin, thi gian y c xc nh nh ng h trong CPU. Cc rle thi gian cng c cc tn gi khc nhau nhng thng gi nht l b thi gian (Time). Cc nh sn xut PLC khng thng nht v cch lp trnh cho cc rle thi gian ny. Mi loi PLC (thm ch trong cng hng) cng c cc k hiu v cch lp trnh rt khc nhau cho rle thi gian. S lng rle thi gian trong mi PLC cng rt khc nhau. im chung nht i vi cc rle thi gian l cc hng u coi rle thi gian l cc u ra ni, do rle thi gian l u ra ca nc thang, hay ca mt on chng trnh. 5. Cc b m B m cho php m tn sut xut hin tn hiu vo. B m c th c dng trong trng hp m cc sn phm di chuyn trn bng chuyn v s sn phm xc nh cn chuyn vo thng. B m c th m s vng quay ca trc, hoc s ngi i qua ca. Cc b m ny c ci t sn trong PLC.

42

Gio Trnh PLC C hai loi b m l b m tin v b m li. Cc nh sn xut PLC cng s dng cc b m theo nhng cch c khc nhau. Tuy nhin, cng nh cc b thi gian, b m cng c coi l u ra ca PLC v y cng l u ra ni, xut tn hiu ra ngoi phi qua u ra ngoi vi (c chn ni ra ngoi PLC). 3.4. nh gi u nhc im ca PLC Trc y, b PLC thng rt t, kh nng hot ng b hn ch v qui trnh lp trnh phc tp. V nhng l do m PLC ch c dng trong nhng nh my v cc thit b c bit. Ngy nay do gim gi lin tc, km theo tng kh nng ca PLC dn n kt qu l ngy cng c p dng rng ri cho cc thit b my mc. Cc b PLC n khi vi 24 knh u vo v 16 knh u ra thch hp vi cc my tiu chun n, cc trang thit b lin hp. Cn cc b PLC vi nhiu kh nng ng dng v la chn c dng cho nhng nhim v phc tp hn. C th k ra cc u im ca PLC nh sau: + Chun b vo hot ng nhanh: Thit k kiu module cho php thch nghi nhanh vi mi chc nng iu khin. Khi c lp ghp th PLC sn sng lm vic ngay. Ngoi ra n cn c s dng li cho cc ng dng khc d dng. + tin cy cao: Cc linh kin in t c tui th di hn cc thit b cin. tin cy ca PLC ngy cng tng, bo dng nh k thng khng cn thit cn vi mch rle cng tc t th vic bo dng nh k l cn thit. + D dng thay i chng trnh: Nhng thay i chng trnh c tin hnh n gin. sa i h thng iu khin v cc quy tc iu khin ang c s dng, ngi vn hnh ch cn nhp tp lnh khc, gn nh khng cn mc ni li dy (tuy nhin, c th vn phi ni li nu cn thit). Nh h thng rt linh hot v hiu qu. + nh gi nhu cu n gin: Khi bit cc u vo v cc u ra th c th nh gi c kch c yu cu ca b nh hay di chng trnh. Do , c th d dng v nhanh chng la chn PLC ph hp vi cc yu cu cng ngh t ra. + Kh nng ti to: Nu dng nhiu PLC vi qui cch k thut ging nhau th chi ph lao ng s gim thp hn nhiu so vi b iu khin rle. l do gim phn ln lao ng lp rp. + Tit kim khng gian: PLC i hi t khng gian hn so vi b iu khin rle tng ng.
Gi c H rle

+ C tnh cht nhiu chc nng: PLC c u im chnh l c th s dng cng mt thit b iu khin c bn cho nhiu h thng iu khin. Ngi ta thng dng PLC cho cc qu trnh t ng linh hot v d dng thun tin trong tnh ton, so snh cc gi tr tng quan, thay i chng trnh v thay i cc thng s.

H PLC

S lng vo/ra Hnh 3.17

43

Gio Trnh PLC + V gi tr kinh t: Khi xt v gi tr kinh t ca PLC ta phi cp n s lng u ra v u vo. Quan h v gi thnh vi s lng u vo/ra c dng nh hnh 3.17. Nh vy, nu s lng u vo/ra qu t th h rle t ra kinh t hn, nhng khi s lng u vo/ra tng ln th h PLC kinh t hn hn. Khi tnh n gi c ca PLC th khng th khng k n gi ca cc b phn ph khng th thiu nh thit b lp trnh, my in, bng ghi... c vic o to nhn vin k thut. Ni chung nhng phn mm thit k lp trnh cho cc mc ch c bit l kh t. Ngy nay nhiu hng ch to PLC cung cp chn b ng gi phn mm c th nghim, nhng vic thay th, sa i cc phn mm l nhu cu khng th trnh khi, do , vn cn thit phi c k nng phn mm. Phn b gi c cho vic lp t mt PLC thng nh sau:

- 50% cho phn cng ca PLC - 10% cho thit k khun kh chng trnh - 20% cho son tho v lp trnh - 15% cho chy th nghim - 5% cho ti liu.
Vic lp t mt PLC tip theo ch bng khong 1/2 gi thnh ca b u tin, ngha l hu nh ch cn chi ph phn cng. C th so snh h iu khin rle v h iu khin PLC nh sau:

H rle:

+ Nhiu b phn c chun ho + t nhy cm vi nhiu + Kinh t vi cc h thng nh

H PLC

Thi gian lp t lu Thay i kh khn Kh theo di v kim tra cc h thng ln, phc tp Cn bo qun thng xuyn Kch thc ln

+ Thay i d dng qua cng ngh phch cm + Lp t n gin + Thay i nhanh qui trnh iu khin + Kch thc nh + C th ni vi mng my tnh

- Gi thnh cao
B thit b lp trnh thng t, s dng t. 44

Gio Trnh PLC Chng 4: B iu khin PLC - CPM1A 4.1. Cu hnh cng 1. Cu to ca h PLC - CPM1A. PLC - CPM1A thuc h OMRON do Nht bn sn xut. y l loi PLC n khi c th lp ghp thm cc module v lp ghp nhiu PLC vi nhau. n v c bn ca PLC CPM1A nh hnh 4.1

6
IN 0CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

1 2 3

PWR RUN

ERR COMM

ALM

omron
SYSMAC CPM1A
05 06 07

OUT 10CH 00

01 02

03 04

5
Hnh 4.1: Hnh khi mt trc PLC CPM1A

Trong : 1. Cc n bo h thng: + n PWR (xanh): bo ngun. + n RUN (xanh): PLC ang ch chy hoc kim tra, (n tt th PLC ang ch lp trnh hoc c li). + n ERR/ALM (): + sng: C li, PLC khng hot ng. + Nhp nhy, hoc tt: PLC ang hot ng. + COMM (da cam): D liu ang c truyn ti cng ngoi vi. 2. Cng ghp ni vi my tnh hoc thit b lp trnh (c np y). 3. Cc n ch th v a ch ra, (sng nu c tn hiu ra). 4. Chn ni cho u ra (c np y). 5. Cc n ch th v a ch vo, (sng nu c tn hiu vo). 6. Chn ni cho u vo (c np y).

45

Gio Trnh PLC 2. Cc thng s k thut


2.1. Cc loi CPM1A

Trong h CPM1A c cc PLC sau: M hiu CPM1A-10CDR-A CPM1A-10CDR-D CPM1A-20CDR-A CPM1A-20CDR-D CPM1A-30CDR-A CPM1A-30CDR-D CPM1A-40CDR-A CPM1A-40CDR-D
2.2. Thng s chung

Ngun cung cp AC DC AC DC AC AD AC DC

S u vo 6 12 18 24

S u ra 4 8 12 16

Tng s I/O 10 20 30 40

Mc in p cung cp Phm vi in p Tiu th in Kiu AC Kiu DC Kiu AC Kiu DC Kiu AC Kiu DC

10-u I/O

20-u I/O

30-u I/O

40-u I/O

100 n 240v AC, 50/60 Hz 24v DC 85 n 264 v AC 20,4 n 26,4v DC max 30 VA max 60 VA max 20 W max 60 A 300 mA

max 6 W Dng in max 30 A Ngun cp ra p 24 VDC (ch c kiu AC) Dng 200 mA in tr cch ly bn xung lc Nhit mi trng

20 M min. (ti 500v DC) gia cc AC v cc tip a. 147m/s2 (20G) ba ln mi chiu X, Y v Z Nhit lm vic: 0 n 55C0 Nhit bo qun:-20 n 75C0 m mi trng 10% to 90% (with no condensation) Mi trng lm vic Khng lm vic trong mi trng kh t Thi gian cho gin on Kiu AC: min 10ms; Kiu DC: min 2ms. ngun (Thi gian gin on tnh khi ngun nh hn 85% nh mc) Trng lng Kiu AC Max 400 g Max 500 g Max 600 g Max 700 g CPU Kiu DC Max 300 g Max 400 g Max 500 g Max 600 g

46

Gio Trnh PLC


2.3. Cc c trng

Mc di lnh Kiu lnh Thi gian thc hin Dung lng chng trnh vo Ch CPU ra cc C module i m rng Vo dng bit Ra dng bit T bit (vng IR ) Bit c bit (vng SR) Bit tm thi (vng TR) Bit gi (vng HR) Bit b tr (Vng AR) Bit lin kt (vng LR) Timers/Counters

10-u I/O

20-u I/O

30-u I/O

40-u I/O

T 1 n 5 t cho 1 lnh Lnh c bn: 14; lnh c bit: 77 kiu, tng 135 lnh Lnh c bn: 0.72 n 16.2 s Lnh c bit: 12.375 s (lnh MOV) 2,048 t (Words) 18 input 24 input1 12 output 16 output 54 input 60 input 36 output 40 output 00000 n 00915 (Words 0 n 9) 01000 n 01915 (Words 10 to 19) 512 bits: IR20000 to 23115 (words IR 200 to IR 231) 384 bits: SR 23200 to 25515 (words SR 232 to IR 255) 8 bits (TR0 to TR7) 6 input 4 output ----12 input 8 output ------

320 bits: HR 0000 to HR 1915 (words HR 00 to HR 19) 256 bits:AR 0000 to AR 1515 (words AR 00 to AR 15) 256 bits: LR 0000 to LR 1515 (words LR 00 to LR 15) 128 Timers/counters (TIM/CNT 000 to TIM/CNT 127) 100-ms Timers: TIM 000 to TIM 127 10-ms Timers: TIM 00 to TIM 127 Nh d liu Read/Write:1,024 words (DM 0000 to DM 1023 ) Read-only: 512 words (DM 6144 to DM 6655) X l ngt 2 im (thi gian 4 im (thi gian phn ng: Max: 0.3 phn ng: Max ms) 0.3 ms.) Bo v b nh HR, AR, S liu trong vng nh ni dung v s m c bo v khi ngun b gin on. Sao lu b nh T in d phng: s liu nh (c/vit), bit gi, bt nh b tr, b m (20 ngy trong iu kin nhit 250C) Chc nng t chun CPU b hng, I/O li ng dn, li b nh. on Chng trnh kim tra Khng c lnh kt thc, li ca chng trnh (lin tc kim tra trong thi gian lm vic) B m tc cao 1 b: 5 kHz 1 pha, hoc 2.5 kHz 2 pha Kiu tng dn: 0 n 65, 535 (16 bits) Kiu tng/gim: -32,767 n 32,767 (16 bits) Nhp hng s thi C th t 1 ms, 2 ms, 4 ms, 8 ms, 16 ms, 32 ms, 64 ms, gian hoc 128 ms t tn hiu Analog 2 ng (0 to 200 BCD)

47

Gio Trnh PLC


2.4. Cu trc vng nh

D liu IR Vo Ra lm vic

T IR 000 n IR 009 (10 words) IR 010 n IR 019 (10 words) Ir 200 n IR 231 (32 words) SR 232 n SR 255 (24 words)

Bit IR 00000 n IR 00915 (160 bits) IR 01000 n IR 01915 (160 bits) Ir 20000 n IR to 23115 (512 bits) SR 23200 n 25515 (384 bits)

Chc nng Cc bit ny c th lm vic vng vo ra m rng

Cc t bit ny c th s dng tu trong chng trnh SR Nhng bit ny phc v cho chc nng c bit nh c v bit iu khin. TR --TR 0 n TR 7 Bit ny c s dng trng (8 bits) thi ng m trong chng trnh phn nhnh HR HR 00 n HR 19 HR 0000 n HR Nhng bt ny lu gi trng (20 words) 1915 (320 bits) thi ng m khi mt ngun ngoi. Ar AR 00 n HR 15 AR 0000 n HR Nhng bit ny phc v cho (16 words) 1515 (256 bits) chc nng c bit nh c v bit iu khin. LR LR 00 n LR 15 LR 00000 n LR S dng kt ni 1:2 vi PC (16 words) 1515 (256 bits) khc. Timer/ TC 000 n TC 127 (timer/counter) S ging nhau s dng cho couter c time v couter. DM c DM 0000 DM --DM l d liu ch truy cp /vit 0999 dng t. Cc d liu dng t c ct gi khi mt ngun. DM 1022 DM 1023 (1,002 words) Ghi DM 1000 n DM --S dng ghi thi gian s li 1021 (22 words) c v li xut hin. T y c th c/ghi khi li xut hin. Ch DM 6144 n DM --Khng th ghi ln chng c 6599 (456 words) trnh Ci Dm 6600 n DM --S dng n nhiu vng tham t 6655 (%6 words) s iu khin lm vic ca PC PC Ch : 1. Bit IR v LR khi cha s dng cho cc chc nng chnh th c th s dng nh bit lm vic. 2. Ni dung ca vng HR, LR, Counter, v vng c/ghi DM c th c lu gi bng t in nhit 250C, vi thi gian 20 ngy. 3. Khi truy nhp cc s PV, TC th d liu dng t; khi truy cp vo c th d liu dng bit. 4. D liu trong DM 6144 n DM 6655 khng th ghi t chng trnh nhng c th thay i t thit b ngoi Peripheral Device.

48

Gio Trnh PLC


2.5. Cc vo ra - cc bit vng IR cho vo ra m rng

Bng sau cho bit cc bit vng IR dng cho module vo ra m rng ca CPM1A v cc loi module m rng. S vo/ra ca CPU 10 im ni CPU (a ch) Vo Ra 6 im: 4 im: 00000 01000 00005 01003 12 im: 8 im: 00000 01000 00011 01007 18 im: 12 im: 00000 01000 00011 01007 00100 01100 00105 01103 im ni vng m rng (a ch) Vo Ra ----Ngun S module

AC DC AC DC

CPM1A_10CDR-A CPM1A_10CDR-D CPM1A_20CDR-A CPM1A_20CDR-D CPM1A_30CDR-A CPM1A_30CDR-D

20

---

---

30

40

36 im: 00200 00211 00300 00311 20 im: 16 im: 00400 00411 00000 01000 00011 01007 00100 01100 00111 01107

24 im: AC 01200 01207 DC 01300 01307 01400 AC 01407 DC

CPM1A_40CDR-A

CPM1A_40CDR-D

4.2. Ghp ni PLC CPM1A c th ghp ni vi 32 b PLC cng loi thnh h thng. lp trnh cho PLC th c th ghp ni n vi thit b lp trnh cm tay, b lp trnh chuyn dng hoc my tnh tng thch. 1. Kt ni vi thit b lp trnh cm tay: Ta ni trc tip cp ca thit b cm tay vo PLC nh hnh 4.2
PLC CPM1A
PRO27 OMRON
IN 0CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

Run Monitor Program


FUN AND LD 7 4 1 0 SFT NOT OR CNT TR EM EXT SET
RESET

SHIFT *EM CH CHG DEL INS AR CONT SRCH


MONTR

PWR

ERR

ALM

omron
SYSMAC CPM1A

OUT TIM 8 5 2 9 6 3 CLR

RUN

COMM

OUT

10CH 00 01

02

03

04

05 06

07

VER WRITE

Thit b lp trnh cm tay


Hnh 4.2: Ghp ni PLC vi thit b lp trnh cm tay

49

Gio Trnh PLC 2. Kt ni vi thit b lp trnh chuyn dng hoc my tnh tng thch Khi ghp ni vi my tnh tng thch ta dng cp ni chun RS-232C v b phi hp RS-232 (hoc RS-422) hoc cp chuyn i loi CQM1-CIF02 khi ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh chuyn dng nh hnh 4.3. PLC c ghp ni vi cng ni tip (COM) ca my tnh.
My tnh tng thch

B phi hp RS-232C PLC - CPM1a

RS-232C Cable
IN 0CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

PWR

ERR

ALM

omron
SYSMAC CPM1A
03 04 05 06 07

RUN

COMM

CQM1-CIF02
Thit b lp trnh chuyn dng OMRON

OUT

10CH

00 01

02

Hnh 4.3: Ghp ni vi lp trnh chuyn dng hoc PC

3. Kt ni nhiu PLC v my tnh


My tnh tng thch
IN 0CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

PLC - CPM1A

PWR

ERR

ALM

omron
SYSMAC CPM1A
03 04 05 06 07

RUN

COMM

OUT

Cp ni RS-232 Cp ni RS-422

10CH 00 01

02

PLC - CPM1A B phi hp kt ni B500 - AL004


IN 0CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
PWR ERR ALM

omron
SYSMAC CPM1A
03 04 05 06 07

RUN

COMM

OUT

B phi hp RS-232

10CH

00 01

02

Hnh 4.4: Ghp ni nhiu PLC

50

Gio Trnh PLC C th ghp thnh h thng nh ni cc PLC - CPM1A vi nhau, s PLC CPM1A c th ghp ti a l 32, h thng ny c th ni vi my tnh tng thch. S nh hnh 4.4. Chiu di ln nht cho php ca cp RS-422 l 500m. 4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh 1. Cu trc chng trnh PLC CPM1A. Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC CPM1A c th c vit dng n khi hoc a khi. Chng trnh n khi Chng trnh n khi ch vit cho cc cng vic t ng n gin, cc lnh c vit tun t trong mt khi. Khi vit chng trnh n khi ngi ta dng khi OB1. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qut n lnh cui cng n quay tr li lnh u tin. Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc) Khi nhim v t ng ho phc tp ngi ta chia chng trnh iu khin ra thnh tng phn ring gi l khi. Chng trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia. Chng trnh ang thc hin khi ny c th dng lnh gi khi sang lm vic vi khi khc, sau khi kt thc cng vic khi mi n quay v thc hin tip chng trnh tm dng khi c. 2. Bng lnh ca PLC - PCM1A Xem phn Bng lnh 3. Lp trnh cc lnh logic c bn ca PLC - PCM1A Vi PLC ny c: 12 u vo vi a ch xc nh t 000.00 n 000.11 8 u ra vi a ch xc nh t 010.00 n 010.07 Khi lp trnh phn mm lp trnh t hiu cc a ch trn, khng cn a khi nim phn bit vo/ra. Nu a thm khi nim vo/ra (X/Y) my s khng chp nhn. Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc END chng trnh mi chy.
3.1. Lnh AND

Lp trnh dng LAD (c th lp trnh dng STL v kim tra li dng LAD). LD 000.00 000.00 000.03 000.04 010.00 AND 000.03 AND 000.04 OUT 010.00 + Xem li chng trnh t biu tng (phn ph lc 1) END (01)
Hnh 4.5: Lnh AND

51

Gio Trnh PLC + Chn trng thi MONITOR hoc trng thi PROGRAM (STOP/PRG) nh Shift + F10 hoc biu tng PLC Mode. chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng hoc t ng dn (nh ph lc 1). + Chn trng thi MONITOR hoc trng thi RUN nh Shift + F10 hoc biu tng PLC Mode chy chng trnh. Quan st cc kt qu.
3.2. Lnh AND NOT

Dng STL LD 000.03 AND NOT 000.00 AND 000.04 OUT 010.01 END
3.3. Lnh OR: Dng STL

000.03 000.00 000.04

010.00

END (01)
Hnh 4.6: Lnh AND NOT

000.03 000.04 000.05 END

010.02

LD OR OR END
3. 4. Lnh OR NOT

000.03 000.04 000.05

OUT 010.02

Hnh 4.7: Lnh OR

Dng STL LD OR END


3. 5. Lnh OR gia hai lnh AND

000.03 00.03 00.04 000.04 000.05 END 000.05

010.02

OR NOT

OUT 010.02

Dng STL. LD 000.03 AND 000.04 LD 000.05 AND 000.06 OR LD OUT 010.00 END 000.03 000.05 END

Hnh 4.8: Lnh OR NOT

000.04 000.06

010.00

Hnh 4.9: Lnh OR v AND

52

Gio Trnh PLC 3. 6. Lnh thi gian tr Dng STL LD LD END 000.03 #010
TIM000

000.03
TIM 000 #010
0010 bcd

Time

TIM 000

TIM000

010.00
End

OUT 010.00 END (01) Ch : + Trong lnh (TIM 000 #010) lot s Hnh 4.10: Lnh thi gian u ch s hiu ca rle thi gian (rle thi gian s 0), lot s th hai ch thi gian t (10s). + Khi u vo 000.03 c gi tr 1 th b thi gian bt u tnh thi gian, khi 10s th b thi gian cho gi tr ra, tc u ra 010.00 c gi tr 1.
3.7. B m

LD LD LD END

000.03 000.00 #005 CNT000

000.03
CNT

000.00

Counter

CNT 000

001 #005
0005 bcd

OUT 010.00 Ch : + u vo th nht (000.03) l u vo m, mi khi u vo ny nhn gi tr 1 th b m m mt ln.

CNT001

010.00
End

END (01)

Hnh 4.11: B m

+ u vo th hai (000.00) l u vo reset b m, khi u vo ny nhn gi tr 1 th b m b reset v trng thi ban u + Trong lnh (CNT 001 #005) lot s u ch s hiu ca b m (b m s 1), lot s th hai ch s m t (5 s), khi u vo 000.03 t nm ln gi tr 1 th b m cho gi tr ra, tc u ra 010.00 c gi tr 1.

53

Gio Trnh PLC Chng 5: B iu khin PLC - S5 5.1. Cu to ca h PLC Step5 PLC Step 5 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC hn hp va n khi va a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn sau c th ghp thm cc modue m rng v pha bn phi, c cc module m rng tiu chun S5-100U. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng n v chc nng m c th t hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th. 1. n v c bn n v c bn ca PLC S5- 95U nh hnh 5.1
siemens Simatic S5-95U

2 3 4

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

13 12 11 10 9

6 Trong : 1. Ngn c qui 2. M in c qui 3. Cng tt m ngun.

Hnh 5.1: Hnh khi mt trc PLC S5-95U

4. Bng cm v n bo cho u vo v ra logic, c: 16 u vo t I32.0 n I33.7; 16 u ra t Q32.0 n Q33.7 5. u ni ngun 24v cho khi c bn. 54

Gio Trnh PLC 6. Giao din cho u vo b ngt IW59.0 n IW59.3 v u vo b m IW36 n IW38. 7. Giao din ni tip vi my lp trnh hoc my tnh. 8. Giao din tip nhn module nh ngoi. 9. Giao din cho u vo ra analog. 10. Cng tc chn ch RUN, STOP, 11. n bo ch STOP. 12. n bo ch RUN. 13. n bo li. 2. Cc module vo ra m rng Khi qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u v u ra nhiu hn s lng sn c trn n v c bn hoc khi cn nhng chc nng c bit th c th m rng n v c bn bng cch g thm cc modue ngoi. Ti a c th g thm 8 modue vo ra qua 8 v tr c sn trn panen v pha phi. Thng Step 5 s dng cc module m rng: + Modue vo, ra s duy tr. + Modue vo, ra s khng duy tr ly t S5-100U. + Modue vo, ra tng t khng duy tr ly t S5-100U. + Modue thng tin khng duy tr CCP. * Qui c cc chn ca module m rng nh hnh 5.2 + Chn 1: Dng ngun (L+) + Chn 2: m ngun (M) + Chn 4: Knh s 0 + Chn 3: Knh s 1 + Chn 6: Knh s 2 + Chn 5: Knh s 3 + Chn 8: Knh s 4 + Chn 7: Knh s 5 + Chn 10: Knh s 6 + Chn 9: Knh s 7 5.2. a ch v gn a ch Trong PLC cc a ch cn gi thng tin n hoc ly thng tin i u phi c a ch lin lc. a ch l con s hoc t hp cc con s i theo sau ch ci. Ch ci ch loi a ch, con s hoc t hp con s ch s hiu a ch.
1 3 5 7 9

2 4 6 8 10
Hnh 5.2: S chn module m rng

55

Gio Trnh PLC Trong PLC c nhng b phn c gn a ch n nh b thi gian (T), b m (C) v c (F), ch cn mt trong 3 ch ci km theo mt s l , v d: T1, C32, F6... Cc a ch u vo v u ra cng vi cc module chc nng c a ch phc, cch gn a ch ging nhau. Ta xt cch gn a ch cho cc u vo, ra. C hai loi u vo ra: + u vo ra trn khi c bn (gn lin vi CPU), cc u vo ra ny c a ch khng i, vi S5-95U l I32.0 n I33.7, Q32.0 n Q33.3. + u vo ra trn cc module m rng th a ch ph thuc vo v tr lp t ca module trn Panen. Ch lp module trn Panen gi l khe (Slot), cc khe u c nh s, khe s 0 ng lin vi n v c bn v c th tip tc. 1. a ch vo/ra trn module s Khi lp module s vo ra ln mt khe no lp tc n c mang s hiu ca khe . Trn mi module th mi u vo, ra l mt knh, cc knh u c nh s. a ch ca mi u vo ra l s ghp ca s hiu khe v knh, s hiu khe ng trc, s hiu knh ng sau, gia hai s c du chm. S hiu khe v knh nh hnh 5.3. Khe s: 0 1 2 3 ... V d: a ch ca knh s 2 trn module cm vo khe s 0 l 0.2. n 0 0 0 0 v c 1 1 1 1 Mi u vo ra trn module s ch bn : : : : th hin c ti mt thi im mt 7 7 7 7 trong hai trng thi 1 hoc 0. Nh vy mi knh ca module s ch c Hnh 5.3: S hiu khe v knh trn module biu din bng mt bit s liu, v vy a ch ca knh trn module s cn c gi l a ch bit, mi module mang nhiu knh tc l cha nhiu bit, thng l 8 bit hay mt byte, v vy a ch khe cn gi l a ch byte. Module s c th c lp trn bt k khe no trn Panen ca PLC. 2. a ch vo ra trn module tng t din t mt gi tr tng t ta phi cn nhiu bit. Trong PLC S5 ngi ta dng 16 bit (mt word). Cc lnh tng t c th c gn a ch byte hoc a ch word khi dng lnh np hoc truyn. Ch c th lp module tng t vo khe 0 n 7. Mi khe c 4 knh, mi knh mang 2 a ch nh s t 64+65 (u khe 0) n 126+127 (cui khe 7) nh hnh 5.4. Nh vy mi knh mang a ch ring khng km theo a ch khe, c a ch knh l bit n nm khe no. V d: Mt module tng t lp vo khe s 2 trn knh s 0 mang a ch byte 80 v 81. 56

Gio Trnh PLC

Khe s: 0 n v c bn
64+65 66+67 68+69 70+71

1
72+73 74+75 76+77 78+79

2
80+81 82+83 84+85 86+87

6
112+113 114+115 116+117 118+119

7
120+121 122+123 124+125 126+127

88+89 96+97 104+105 90+91 98+99 106+107 92+93 100+101 108+109 94+95 102+103 110+111

Hnh 5.4: a ch module tng t

Ch : Cc khe trng bao gi cng c trng thi tn hiu 0. 5.3. Vng i tng TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Tn tham s ACCUM 1 ACCUM2 BN C CCO/CC1 D DB DL DR DW F FB FW FY I IB IW KB KC KF KH KM KS KT KY OB Din gii c qui 1 c qui 2 Hng s byte B m - C nh - Khng nh M iu kin 1 v m iu kin 2 S liu dng bit Khi s liu T d liu tri T d liu phi T d liu C - C nh - Khng nh Khi hm T c - C nh - Khng nh T byte - C nh - Khng nh u vo bit u vo byte u vo t Hng s 1 byte Hng s m Hng s Hng s dng c s 16 Hng s bit dng byte Hng s cho k t Hng s cho thi gian Hng s Khi t chc (khi c bit: 1, 3, 57 Vng tham s

-127 n 127 0 n 7 8 n 127 0.0 n 255.15 2 n 255 0 n 255 0 n 225 0 n 255 0.0 n 63.7 64.0 n 255.7 0 n 255 0 n 62 64 n 254 0 n 63 64 n 255 0.0 n 127.7 0 n 127 0 n 126 0 n 255 0 n 999 -32768 n 32677 0000 n FFFF Mi byte 16 bit 2 k t ASCII 0.0 n 999.3 0 n 255 cho mi byte 0 n 255

Gio Trnh PLC 13, 21, 31, 34, 251) Khi chng trnh m ngoi vi vo ra B m u vo B m u ra m ngoi vi dng t u ra bit u ra dng byte u ra dng t Vng s liu h thng Khi dy B thi gian

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

PB PB/PY PII PIQ PW Q QB QW RS SB T

0 n 255 0 n 127

0 n 125 0.0 n 127.7 0 n 127 0 n 125 0 n 255 0 n 255 0 n 127

5.4. Cu trc ca chng trnh S5 1. Cu trc chng trnh Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S5 c th c vit dng n khi hoc a khi. Chng trnh n khi Chng trnh n khi ch vit cho cc cng vic t ng n gin, cc lnh c vit tun t trong mt khi. Khi vit chng trnh n khi ngi ta dng khi OB1. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qut n lnh cui cng n quay tr li lnh u tin. Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc): Khi nhim v t ng ho phc tp ngi ta chia chng trnh iu khin ra thnh tng phn ring gi l khi. Chng trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia. Chng trnh ang thc hin khi ny c th dng lnh gi khi sang lm vic vi khi khc, sau khi kt thc cng vic khi mi n quay v thc hin tip chng trnh tm dng khi c. Ngi lp trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia thnh lp, ti a l 16 lp. Nu s lp vt qu gii hn th PLC t ng v trng thi ban u. 2. Khi v on (Block and Segment) Cu trc mi khi gm c: + u khi gm tn khi, s hiu khi v xc nh chiu di khi. + Thn khi: Th hin ni dung khi v c chia thnh on (Segment) thc hin tng cng on ca t ng ho sn xut. Mi on li bao gm mt s dng lnh phc v vic gii bi ton logic. Kt qu ca php ton logic c gi vo RLO (Result of logic operation). Vic phn chia chng trnh thnh cc on cng nh hng n RLO. Khi bt u mt on mi th to ra mt gi tr RLO mi, khc vi gi tr RLO ca on trc. 58

Gio Trnh PLC + Kt thc khi: Phn kt thc khi l lnh kt thc khi BE. Cc loi khi: * Khi t chc OB (Organisation Block): Khi t chc qun l chng trnh iu khin v t chc vic thc hin chng trnh. * Khi chng trnh PB (Program Block): Khi chng trnh sp xp chng trnh iu khin theo chc nng hoc kha cnh k thut. * Khi dy SB (Sequence Block): Khi dy l loi khi c bit c iu khin theo chong trnh dy v c x l nh khi chng trnh. * Khi chc nng FB (Function Block): Khi chc nng l loi khi c bit dng lp trnh cc phn chng trnh iu khin ti din thng xuyn hoc c bit phc tp. C th gn tham s cho cc khi v chng c mt nhm lnh m rng. * Khi d liu DB (Data Block): Khi d liu lu tr cc d liu cn thit cho vic x l chng trnh iu khin. 5.5. Bng lnh ca S5-95U Cc lnh ca chng trnh S5 c chia thnh ba nhm l: 1. Nhm lnh c bn Nhm lnh c bn gm nhng lnh s dng cho cc chc nng, thc hin trong cc khi t chc OB, khi chng trnh PB, khi dy SB v khi chc nng FB. Ngoi tr hai lnh s hc +F v -F ch c biu din bng phng php dy lnh STL, cn li tt c cc lnh c bn khc u c th c biu din bng c ba phng php l bng lnh STL, lu iu khin CSF v biu bc thang LAD. 2. Nhm lnh b tr Nhm lnh b tr bao gm cc lnh s dng cho cc chc nng phc tp, v d nh cc lnh thay th, cc chc nng th nghim, cc lnh dch chuyn hoc chuyn i... Cc lnh b tr dng trong khi chc nng v c biu din bng phng php bng lnh STL. Ch c rt t lnh c s dng phng php lu . 3. Nhm lnh h thng Cc lnh h thng c php thm nhp trc tip vo h thng iu hnh v ch c th c biu din bng phng php bng lnh STL. Ch khi thc s am hiu v h thng mi nn s dng cc lnh h thng. 59

Gio Trnh PLC Din di ca cc lnh xem phn Bng lnh 5.6. C php mt s lnh c bn ca S5 1. Nhm lnh logic c bn Khi thc hin lnh u tin ca mt lot php ton logic th ni dung ca i tng lnh c ly vo s c np ngay vo RLO (Kt qu ca php ton logic) m khng cn thc hin php ton. i tng ca cc lnh logic l: I, Q, F, T, C
1.1. Lnh A

Lp trnh dng STL (c th lp trnh dng LAD v kim tra li dng STL). A A A = BE + n Enter tr v mn hnh Output. + n Shift-F5 xem dng LAD v CSF, dng LAD nh hnh 5.6 + n Shift-F7 ct chng trnh v chng trnh sang PLC, chn yes xc nhn vic chng trnh ln chng trnh c trong PLC (khi ct th PLC phi ch STOP). + Bt cng tc ca CPU v ch RUN, quan st kt qu lp trnh.
1.2. Lnh AN

I I I Q

32.0 32.1 32.2 32.0

I 32.0

I 32.1

I 32.2

Q32.0

( )
:BE
Hnh 5.6: Lnh A

Lp trnh dng STL. A AN A = BE


1. 3. Lnh O

I I I Q

32.0 32.1 32.2 32.0

I 32.0

I 32.1

I 32.2

Q32.0

( )
:BE
Hnh 5.7: Lnh AN

I 32.0 I 32.1 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.0 I 32.2

Q32.0

( )
I I I Q

Lp trnh dng STL. O O O = BE

:BE
Hnh 5.8: Lnh O

60

Gio Trnh PLC


1. 4. Lnh ON

Lp trnh dng STL. O ON O = BE


1. 5. Lnh O gia hai lnh A

I 32.0 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.0 I 32.1 I 32.2

Q32.0

( )

I I I Q

:BE
Hnh 5.9: Lnh ON

Lp trnh dng STL. A A O A A = BE I I I I Q 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.0

I 32.0 I 32.2

I 32.1 I 32.3

Q32.0

( )
:BE
Hnh 5.10: Lnh O gia hai lnh A

1.6. Lnh "(" v lnh ")"

Lp trnh dng STL O I 32.0 O A I 32.1 A( O I 32.2 O I 32.3 ) = Q 32.0 BE 2. Nhm lnh set v reset

I 32.0 I 32.1 I 32.2 I 32.3

Q32.0

( )

:BE
Hnh 5.11: Lnh "(" v lnh ")"

Cc lnh set v reset lu gi kt qu ca php ton logic c hnh thnh trong b x l. I 32.0 Q32.0 i tng ca cc lnh ny l I, Q, F. V d 1: S I 32.1 A I 32.0 R ( ) S Q 32.0 :BE A I 32.1 R Q 32.0 Hnh 5.12: Lnh set /reset NOP 0 Khi u vo I32.0 c th u ra Q32.0 c v c gi li cho d I32.0 mt, ch khi I32.1 c th li xo nh lm Q32.0 v khng. 61

Gio Trnh PLC Lnh NOP 0 l lnh gi ch cho phng php LAD. V c u ra Q cha dng, mun phng php LAD v c hnh th phi a lnh NOP 0 vo. I 32.0 F17 V d 2: R I 32.1 Q32.0 A I 32.0 S Q ( ) R F 17 A I 32.1 :BE S F 17 A F 17 Hnh 5.13: Lnh set /reset = Q 32.0 y l v d v lnh set tri, v khi I32.0 c trng thi 1 th n s xo trng thi tn hiu trn c F17 v 0 cho n khi I32.1 c trng thi 1 th n s t trng thi 1 cho c F17 sau khng ph thuc I32.0 na. Khi c nhn trng thi 1 th s gn cho u ra Q32.0 trng thi 1. Khi c I32.0 v I32.1 cng c trng thi 1 th c s c trng thi 1 v lnh set sau, gi l u tin set. 3. Nhm lnh np v truyn Lnh np v truyn trao i thng tin gia cc vng i tng lnh khc nhau. Chun b gi tr thi gian v gi tr m cho cc lnh thi gian v lnh m. Np hng s phc v vic x l chng trnh. Lung thng tin c np v truyn thng qua hai thanh ghi tch lu ACCU1 v ACCU2. Thanh ghi tch lu l thanh ghi c bit trong PLC dng lu tr tm thi cc thng tin. Mi thanh ghi c di 16 bit. C th np hoc truyn cc i tng theo byte hoc t. trao i theo byte, thng tin lu tr trong byte phi tc l byte thp ca thanh ghi, s bit cn tha (ngoi 8 bit) c t khng. C th dng cc lnh khc nhau x l cc thng tin trong hai thanh ghi. Cc lnh thuc nhm ny l:
3.1. Lnh np L: Ni dung ca i tng (n v byte) c chp vo ACCU1

khng ph thuc vo RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng. Ni dung trc ca ACCU1 c chuyn dch sang ACCU2, ni dung c ca ACCU2 s b mt.
ACCU2 Thng tin b mt ACCU1

Byte d Byte c Byte b Byte a 0 IB7

Byte b Byte a 0 0
Hnh 5.14

Byte d Byte c Byte d Byte d

IB7 IB8

Vng m PII L IB7

Byte d Byte d

L IB8

62

Gio Trnh PLC V d: Np lin tip IB7 v IB8 t vng m PII vo thanh ghi tch lu ta c s np nh hnh 5.14.
3.2.Lnh truyn T: Ni dung ca ACCU1 c gn cho i tng lnh khng ph

thuc RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng. Khi truyn th thng tin t ACCU1 c chp vo vng nh c a ch ho (v d vng m u ra PIQ). Ni dung ca ACCU1 khng b mt. Gi tr trc ca vng m u ra PIQ b mt. M t lnh nh hnh 5.15.
ACCU2 ACCU1 Vng m PIQ

Byte d Byte c Byte b Byte a

Byte b Byte a Byte b Byte a


T QB5 Hnh 5.15

A Byte a
Thng tin b mt A

3.3. Lnh LD: s m v s thi gian c np vo ACCU1 dng m BCD, khng ph thuc vo RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng.

i tng ca cc lnh ny l: + Lnh L: IB, IW, QB, QW, FY, FW, DR, DL, DW, PB/PY, PW, T, C, KM, KH, KF, KY, KB, KS, KT, KC. + Lnh T: IB, IW, QB, QW, FY, FW, DR, DL, DW, PB/PY, PW. + Lnh LD: T, C. 4. Nhm lnh thi gian Chng trnh iu khin s dng cc lnh thi gian theo di, kim sot v qun l cc hot ng c lin quan n thi gian.
4.1. Np gi tr thi gian

Khi mt b thi gian c khi pht th ni dung trong ACCU1 (dng t 16 bit) c dng lm gi tr tnh thi gian. Do , mun dng cc lnh thi gian phi np gi tr thi gian cn t vo ACCU1 trc khi b thi gian hot ng. C th np cc kiu d liu sau dng cho cc lnh thi gian: + KT: gi tr thi gian hng s + DW: t (word) d liu + IW: t (word) u vo + QW: t (word) u ra + FW: t (word) c Tr loi KT cc loi cn li phi dng m BCD.

Np thi gian hng s: L KT 40.2 Trong lnh c: KT ch r l hng s S 40: h s (c th gn t 0 n 999) S 2: l m, c 4 m: 0 tng ng 0,01s 63

Gio Trnh PLC 1 tng ng 0,1s 2 tng ng 1s 3 tng ng 10s Vi s trn th thi gian c tnh l t = 40 1s = 40s . Vi m cng nh th gi tr thi gian cng chnh xc, v vy nn dng m nh.

Np thi gian di dng u vo, u ra, hoc t d liu: V d mun np mt gi tr thi gian t mt t d liu DW2 vo ACCU1 ta vit lnh sau:
L DW2 Nh vy, trc khi thc hin lnh ny th gi tr thi gian c lu sn trong t d liu DW2 di dng m BCD. v d trong DW2 15 c cc s nh hnh 5.16: M thi gian cng c s dng nh trn.
11 7 3 0

1 0 (2) M

0 1 1 0 (6)

0 0 1 1 (3) H s

1 0 0 0 (8)

Hnh 5.16

t = 638 1s = 638s
Vy, trc khi dng lnh np trn ta phi dng chng trnh iu khin vit gi tr thi gian vo t d liu DW2. V d vit gi tr thi gian 27s vo t d liu DW2 trong khi DB3 ri sau np vo ACCU1 nh sau: C L T L DB3 KT 270.1 DW2 ... DW2

4.2. c gi tr thi gian hin hnh

C th dng hai lnh L v LD a gi tr thi gian hin hnh ca b thi gian T vo ACCU1 x l. L LD T1 T1 % c gi tr thi gian dng nh phn % c gi tr thi gian dng BCD

Ch : Lnh L v T i vi T v C th bao gi cng c gi tr nh phn cn i vi cc i tng khc th cng c th c gi tr nh phn hoc dng BCD tu theo trng hp c th.
4.3. Cc lnh 1. B thi gian xung SP

B thi gian c khi pht ln 1 ti si ln ca RLO khi RLO l 1 th b thi gian vn duy tr trng thi 1 cho n khi t gi tr t mi xung. Nhng khi RLO v khng th b thi gian v khng ngay. 64

Gio Trnh PLC Lp trnh dng STL (c th lp trnh dng LAD v kim tra li dng STL). A L SP NOP NOP NOP A = BE I KT T 0 0 0 T Q 32.0 500.0 1

1 32.0

>5

<5 I32.0 Q32.0

I 32.0
KT 500.0

T1 1
TV BI DE

Q32.0
R

( )
:BE

Thi gian (s) Hnh 5.17: Gin thi gian v dng LAD Lnh SP

2. B thi gian m rng SE

B thi gian xung m rng SE c khi pht ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO na cho n khi thi gian t mi v khng. Lp trnh dng STL. C L T A L SE NOP NOP NOP A = BE DB KT IW I IW T 0 0 0 T2 Q 3 500.0 16 33.0 16 2
>5 <5 I33.0 Q33.0 5 5 Thi gian (s)

33.0

Hnh 5.18: Gin thi gian lnh SE

3. B thi gian bt u tr SD

Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t trong lnh. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cng b t ngay v khng.

65

Gio Trnh PLC Lp trnh dng STL. C L T A L SD NOP NOP NOP A = BE DB KT FW I FW T 0 0 0 T Q 3 50.1 16 33.0 16 3

>5

<5 I33.0 Q33.0

Thi gian (s)

3 33.0

Hnh 5.19: Gin thi gian lnh SD

4. B thi gian bt u tr lu tr SS

Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong thi gian bng thi gian t trong lnh v sau khng ph thuc RLO na. N ch v khng khi c lnh xo R. A L SS A R NOP NOP A = BE I KT T I T 0 0 T Q 33.0 500.0 4 32.0 4 4 32.0

I 33.0
I33.0
KT 500.0

T4 T!-!S
TV BI DE

I32.0 Q32.0

I 32.0
R

Q32.0
Q

( )
:BE

Thi gian (s)

Hnh 5.20: Gin thi gian v dng LAD lnh SS

66

Gio Trnh PLC


5. B thi gian tt tr SF

B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian tip tc duy tr trng thi mt khong thi gian na bng khong t trong lnh ri mi v khng. xo thi gian dng lnh R, khi c lnh R t 0 ln 1 th b thi gian c t v khng v trng thi tn hiu vn gi 0 cho n khi b thi gian c khi pht li. A L SF NOP NOP NOP A = BE I KT T 0 0 0 T Q 33.0 50.1 4

4 33.0 I 33.0
KT 050.1

T5 0!-!T
TV BI DE

I33.0 Q33.0 5 5 Thi gian (s)


R

Q33.0
Q

( )
:BE

Hnh 5.21: Gin thi gian v dng LAD lnh SF

5. Nhm lnh m
5.1. Np gi tr m

Cng nh b thi gian khi mt b m c khi pht th ni dung trong ACCU1 (dng t 16 bit) c dng lm gi tr m. Do , mun dng cc lnh m phi np gi tr m vo ACCU1 trc khi b m hot ng. C cc kiu d liu sau dng cho cc lnh m: + KC: gi tr hng s + DW: t (word) d liu + IW: t (word) u vo + QW: t (word) u ra + FW: t (word) c Tr loi KC cc loi cn li phi dng m BCD.

Np gi tr m hng s: L KC 38 67

Gio Trnh PLC S m t 0 n 999

Np s m di dng u vo, u ra, hoc t d liu: V d mun np mt gi tr m t mt t d liu DW2 vo ACCU1 ta vit lnh sau:
L DW2 Nh vy, trc khi thc hin lnh ny th gi tr m c lu sn trong t d liu DW2 di dng m BCD. v d trong DW2 15 c cc s nh hnh 5.22: Vi lnh trn th s 638 c np vo DW2.
Khng dng 11 7 3 0

0 1 1 0 (6)

0 0 1 1 (3)

1 0 0 0 (8)

S 638 dng BCD Hnh 5.22

i tng ca lnh: C hai lnh m ch c mt i tng l b m C vi cc s hiu tu thuc loi PLC.


5.2. Chun b thc hin cc lnh m

+ t b m: Sau khi np gi tr m ta dng lnh S cho b m lm vic. + Xo b m: Khi m ti mt gi tr no ta dng lnh R xo, tc l ngng m v a gi tr m v khng, nu khng dng lnh ny khi m gi tr t b m gi nguyn trng thi khng v khng. + Qut b m: Ta dng lnh logic boole qut b m (v d lnh A). Nu b m cha v khng th kt qu qut c trng thi 1. + Xut ra trng thi b m hin hnh: C th dng lnh L v LD a trng thi b m hin hnh vo ACCU1 x l sau ny, lnh L dng cho s nh phn, lnh LD dng cho s BCD.
4.3. Cc lnh 1. Lnh m xung CD

S m gim i mt n v lc xut hin mt sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng s m khng b nh hng. A CD NOP A L S NOP NOP I C 0 I KC C 0 0 32.1 1 32.2 7 1

I 32.1

C1
CD CU

I 32.2
S KC 007 CV R

BI DE

Q33.1
Q

( )
:BE

Hnh 5.23: Lnh m xung CD

68

Gio Trnh PLC NOP 0 A C = Q BE


2. Lnh m ln CU

1 33.1

S m tng mt n v lc xut hin sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng s m khng b nh hng. C1 I 32.1 A I 32.1 CU NOP NOP NOP A R NOP NOP A = BE C 0 0 0 I C 0 0 C Q 1
CU CD S BI DE

33.1 1 1 33.1

I 33.1

CV R

Q33.2
Q

( )
:BE

Hnh 5.24: Lnh m ln CU

69

Gio Trnh PLC Chng 6: B iu khin PLC - S7-200 6.1. Cu hnh cng PLC Step 7 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC hn hp va n khi va a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn sau c th ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi. C cc module m rng tiu chun. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng n v chc nng m c th t hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th. 1. n v c bn
1.1. Cu trc n v c bn: n v c bn ca PLC S7-200 (CPU 314) nh hnh 6.1

1

SF RUN STOP

SIEMENS SIMATIC S7-200

I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7

I1.0 I1.1 I1.2 I1.3 I1.4 I1.5

Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7

Q1.0 Q1.1

2 Trong :

Hnh 6.1: Hnh khi mt trc PLC S7-200

1. Chn cm cng ra. 2. Chn cm cng vo. 3. Cc n trng thi: SF (n ): Bo hiu h thng b hng. RUN (n xanh): Ch nh rng PLC ang ch lm vic. STOP (n vng): Ch nh rng PLC ang ch dng. 4. n xanh cng vo ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng vo. 5. Cng truyn thng. 6. n xanh cng ra ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng ra. 7. Cng tc. Ch lm vic: Cng tc chn ch lm vic c ba v tr

70

Gio Trnh PLC + RUN: cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh trong b nh. PLC s t chuyn v trng thi STOP khi my c s c, hoc trong chng trnh gp lnh STOP, do khi chy nn quan st trng thi thc ca PLC theo n bo. + STOP: cng bc PLC dng cng vic ang thc hin, chuyn v trng thi ngh. ch ny PLC cho php hiu chnh li chng trnh hoc np mt chng trnh mi. + TERM: cho php PLC t quyt nh mt ch lm vic (hoc RUN hoc STOP). Chnh nh tng t: Nm iu chnh tng t t di np y cnh cng ra, nm iu chnh tng t cho php iu chnh tn hiu tng t, gc quay c 2700.. Pin v ngun nui b nh: Ngun pin c t ng chuyn sang trng thi tch cc khi dung lng nh b cn kit v n thay th d liu khng b mt. Cng truyn thng: S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS 485 vi phch cm 9 chn phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc PLC khc. Tc truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l 9600 boud. Cc chn ca cng truyn thng l: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
1.2. Thng s

t 24v DC truyn v nhn d liu khng dng t 5v DC (in tr trong 100) 24v DC (120 mA) truyn v nhn d liu khng dng

5 4 3

2 1

9 8

7 6

Hnh 6.2

Vi CPU 214:
+ 14 cng vo v 10 cng ra logic. C th m rng thm 7 module bao gm c module analog. + Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l: 64 vo, 64 ra. + 2048 t n (4Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu chng trnh (vng nh giao din vi EFROM). + 2048 t n (4Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi ghi d liu, trong c 512 t u thuc min khng i. + 128 b thi gian (Times) chia lm ba loi theo phn di khc nhau: 4 b 1ms, 16 b 10ms v 108 b 100ms. + 128 b m chia lm hai loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li. + 688 bit nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic. 71

Gio Trnh PLC + Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn xung. + Ba b m tc cao vi nhp 2KHz v 7KHz. + 2 b pht xung nhanh cho dy xung kiu PTO hoc kiu PWM. + 2 b iu chnh tng t. + Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 190h khi PLC b mt ngun cung cp.

Vi CPU 212
+ 8 cng vo v 6 cng ra logic. C th m rng thm 2 module bao gm c module analog. + Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l: 64 vo, 64 ra. + 512 t n (1Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu chng trnh (vng nh giao din vi EFROM). + 512 t n lu d liu, trong c 100 t nh c/ghi thuc min khng i. + 64 b thi gian tr (Times) trong : 2 b 1ms, 8 b 10ms v 54 b 100ms. + 64 b m chia lm hai loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li. + 368 bit nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic. + Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn xung. + Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 50h khi PLC b mt ngun cung cp. 2. Cc module vo ra m rng Khi qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u v u ra nhiu hn s lng sn c trn n v c bn hoc khi cn nhng chc nng c bit th c th m rng n v c bn bng cch g thm cc module ngoi. Ti a c th g thm 7 module vo ra qua 7 v tr c sn trn Panen v pha phi. a ch ca cc v tr ca module c xc nh bng kiu vo ra v v tr ca module trong rnh, bao gm c cc module cng kiu. V d mt module cng ra khng th gn a ch module cng vo, cng nh module tng t khng th gn a ch nh module s v ngc li. Cc module s hay ri rc u chim ch trong b m, tng ng vi s u vo ra ca module. Cch gn a ch c th hin trn hnh 6.3.

72

Gio Trnh PLC CPU 214


Module 0 (4 vo, 4 ra) I2.0 I2.1 I2.2 I2.3 Q2.0 Q2.1 Q2.2 Q2.3 Module 1 (8 vo) I3.0 I3.1 I3.2 I3.3 I3.4 I3.5 I3.6 I3.7 Module 2 analog (3 vo, 1 ra) AIW0 AIW2 AIW3 AIW4 AQW0 Module 3 (8 ra) Q3.0 Q3.1 Q3.2 Q3.3 Q3.4 Q3.5 Q3.6 Q3.7 Module 4 analog (3 vo, 1 ra) AIW8 AIW10 AIW12 AQW4

I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 I1.0 I1.1 I1.2 I1.3 I1.4 I1.5

Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7 Q1.0 Q1.1

Hnh 6.3: a ch cc module m rng

6.2. Cu trc b nh B nh c chia thnh 4 vng chnh l: 1. Vng nh chng trnh Vng nh chng trnh l min b nh c s dng lu gi cc lnh chng trnh. Vng ny thuc kiu khng i (non-volatile) c / ghi c. 2. Vng tham s Vng tham s lu gi cc tham s nh: t kho, a ch trm... vng ny thuc vng khng i c / ghi c. 3. Vng d liu Vng d liu ct cc d liu ca chng trnh gm kt qu ca cc php tnh, cc hng s trong chng trnh.... vng d liu l min nh ng, c th truy nhp theo tng bit, byte, t (word) hoc t kp. Vng d liu c chia thnh cc vng nh nh vi cc cng dng khc nhau l: TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tn tham s V I Q M SM ch c SM dc/ghi Din gii L min c ghi m cng vo m cng ra Vng nh ni Vng nh c bit Vng nh c bit Tham s CPU 212 CPU214 0.0 1023.7 0.0 4095.7 0.0 7.7 0.0 7.7 0.0 7.7 0.0 7.7 0.0 15.7 0.0 31.7 0.0 29.7 0.0 29.7 30.0 45.7 30.0 85.7

73

Gio Trnh PLC a ch truy nhp c qui c vi cng thc: * Truy nhp theo bit: Tn min + a ch byte.ch s bit. V d: V150.4 l a ch bt s 4 ca byte 150 thuc min V. * Truy nhp theo byte: Tn min + B v a ch byte. V d: VB150 l a ch byte 150 thuc min V.
* Truy nhp theo t (word):

Tn min + W v a ch byte cao ca t. V d: VW150 l a ch t n gm hai byte 150 v 151 thuc min V, trong byte 150 c vai tr byte cao ca t.
* Truy nhp theo t kp :

Tn min + D v a ch byte cao ca t. V d: VD150 l a ch t kp gm bn byte 150, 151, 152 v 153 thuc min V, trong byte 150 c vai tr byte cao, 153 c vai tr l byte thp ca t kp. Tt c cc byte thuc vng d liu u c th truy nhp bng con tr. Con tr c nh ngha trong min V hoc cc thanh ghi AC1, AC2, AC3. Mi con tr ch a ch gm 4 byte (t kp). Qui c s dng con tr truy nhp nh sau: & + a ch byte cao V d: + AC1 = &VB150 l thanh ghi AC1 cha a ch byte 150 thuc min V. + VD100 = &VW150 l t kp VD100 cha a ch byte cao ca t n VW150 thuc min V. + AC2 = &VD150 l thanh ghi AC2 cha a ch byte cao 150 ca t kp VD150 thuc min V. Ton hng * (con tr): l ly ni dung ca byte, t hoc t kp m con tr ang ch vo. Vi cc a ch xc nh trn ta c cc v d: V d: + Ly ni dung ca byte VB150 l: *AC1. + Ly ni dung ca t n VW150 l: *VD100. + Ly ni dung ca t kp VD150 l: *AC2. Php gn a ch v s dng con tr nh trn cng c tc dng vi nhng thanh ghi 16 bit ca b thi gian, b m thuc i tng. 4. Vng i tng Vng i tng lu gi d liu cho cc i tng lp trnh nh cc gi tr tc thi, gi tr t trc ca b m, hay b thi gian. D liu kiu i tng 74

Gio Trnh PLC bao gm cc thanh ghi ca b thi gian, b m, cc b m cao tc, b m tng t v cc thanh ghi AC. Kiu d liu i tng b hn ch rt nhiu v cc d liu kiu i tng ch c ghi theo mc ch cn s dng ca i tng . TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tn tham s AC0 AC C HSC AW AQW T Tham s CPU 212 CPU 214 c qui 0 (Khng c kh nng lm con tr) c qui 1 3 13 B m 0 n 127 0 63 B m tc cao 0 n 2 B m cng vo tng t 0 n 30 0 30 B m cng ra tng t 0 n 30 0 30 B thi gian 0 n 127 0 63 Din gii

6.3. Chng trnh ca S7-200 1. Cu trc chng trnh S7-200 Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S7-200 c vit c cu trc bao gm chng trnh chnh (main program) sau n cc chng trnh con v cc chng trnh s l ngt nh hnh 6.4. - Chng trnh chnh c kt thc bng lnh kt thc chng trnh MEND. - Chng trnh con l mt b phn ca chng trnh, chng trnh con c kt thc bng lnh RET. Cc chng trnh con phi c vit sau lnh kt thc chng trnh chnh MEND. - Cc chng trnh x l ngt l mt b phn ca chng trnh, cc chng trnh x l ngt c kt thc bng lnh RETI. Nu cn s dng chng trnh x l ngt phi vit sau lnh Main Program M MEND SBR 0 M RET SBR n M RET INT 0 M RETI INT n M RETI Chng trnh con th nht

Chng trnh con th n +1

Chng trnh x l ngt th nht

Chng trnh x l ngt th n +1

Hnh 6.4: Cu trc chng trnh ca S7-200

75

Gio Trnh PLC kt thc chng trnh chnh MEND. Cc chng trnh con c nhm li thnh mt nhm ngay sau chng trnh chnh. Sau n ngay cc chng trnh x l ngt. C th t do trn ln cc chng trnh con v chng trnh x l ngt ng sau chng trnh chnh. 2. Bng lnh ca S7-200 Xem phn ph lc. 6.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ca S7-200 1. Lnh LD v lnh A Lp trnh dng STL. LD A A = 2. Lnh AN Lp trnh dng STL. LD AN A = 3. Lnh O Lp trnh dng STL. LD O O = 4. Lnh ON: Lp trnh dng STL. LD ON O = 5. Lnh OLD Lp trnh dng STL (c th lp trnh dng LAD v kim tra li dng STL).
Hnh 6.8: Lnh ON

I 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0 I 0.0

I 0.1

I 0.2

Q1.0

I I I Q

( )
Hnh 6.5: Lnh LD v A

I 0.1

I 0.2

Q1.0

( )
Hnh 6.6: Lnh AN

I I I Q

0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0

I 0.0 I 0.1 I 0.2

Q1.0

( )

I I I Q

0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0


Hnh 6.7: Lnh O

I 0.0 I 0.1 I 0.2

Q1.0

I I I Q

0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0

( )

76

Gio Trnh PLC LD A LD OLD = 6. Lnh ALD Lp trnh dng STL. LD LD O ALD = Q 1.0 I 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 I 0.5 I I Q I Q 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.2 Q0.2 I 0.3 I 0.4 Q Q0.1 I 0.1 I 0.2 Q0.0 7. Lnh LPS, LRD, LPP Lp trnh dng STL LD LPS LD O ALD = LRD LD 0 ALD = LPP A = I I I I I I 0.0 0.1 0.2
Hnh 6.10: ALD

I I I Q

0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0

I 0.0 I 0.2

I 0.1

Q1.0

( )

Hnh 6.9: Lnh OLD

I 0.0

I 0.1 I 0.2

Q1.0

( )

( )

( )

( )
Hnh 6.11: LPS, LRD, LPP

77

Gio Trnh PLC Chng 7: B iu khin PLC - S7-300 7.1. Cu hnh cng 1. Cu to ca h PLC- S7-300 PLC Step S7-300 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn (ch x l) sau ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi, c cc module m rng tiu chun. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng n v chc nng m c th t hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th.
1.1. n v c bn

n v c bn ca PLC S7-300 nh hnh 7.1 Trong : 1. Cc n bo: + n SF: bo li CPU. + n BAF: Bo ngun c qui. + n DC 5v: Bo ngun 5v. + n RUN: Bo ch PLC ang lm vic. + n STOP: Bo PLC ang ch dng. 2. Cng tc chuyn i ch : + RUN-P: Ch va chy va sa chng trnh. + RUN: a PLC vo ch lm vic. + STOP: PLC ch ngh. + MRES: V tr ch nh ch xo chng trnh trong CPU.
RUN-P RUN STOP MRES

CPU 314 siemens


SF BAF DC 5v FRCE RUN STOP

Simatic S7 - 300
314-1AE00-OABO

Hnh 7.1: Hnh khi mt trc CPU-314

Mun xo chng trnh th gi nt bm v v tr MRES n STOP nhp nhy, khi thi khng nhp nhy th nh tay. Lm li nhanh mt ln na (khng n STOP) nu n vng nhy nhiu ln l xong, nu khng th phi lm li.
1.2. Cc kiu module

Tu theo qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u vo v u ra ta phi lp thm bao nhiu module m rng cng nh loi module cho ph hp. Ti a c th g thm 32 module vo ra trn 4 panen (rnh), trn mi panen ngoi module

78

MC 951 / 16 KB 6E7 951-0FD00-0AA0

Gio Trnh PLC ngun, CPU v module ghp ni cn g c 8 cc module v bn phi. Thng Step 7-300 s dng cc module sau: + Module ngun PS + Module ghp ni IM (Intefare Module): + Module tn hiu SM (Signal Module): - Vo s: 8 knh, 16 knh, 32 knh. - Ra s: 8 knh, 16 knh, 32 knh. - Vo, ra s: 8 knh vo 8 knh ra, 16 knh vo 16 knh ra. - Vo tng t: 2 knh, 4 knh, 8 knh. - Ra tng t: 2 knh, 4 knh, 8 knh. - Vo, ra tng t: 2 knh vo 2 knh ra, 4 knh vo 4 knh ra. + Module hm (Function Module). - m tc cao. - Truyn thng CP 340, CP340-1, CP341. + Module iu khin (Control Module): - Module iu khin PID. - Module iu khin Fuzzy. - Module iu khin r bot. - Module iu khin ng c bc. - Module iu khin ng c Servo. 2. a ch v gn a ch Trong PLC cc b phn cn gi thng tin n hoc ly thng tin i u phi c a ch lin lc. a ch l con s hoc t hp cc con s i theo sau ch ci. Ch ci ch loi a ch, con s hoc t hp con s ch s hiu a ch. Trong PLC c nhng b phn c gn a ch n nh b thi gian (T), b m (C).... ch cn mt trong 3 ch ci km theo mt s l , v d: T1, C32... Cc a ch u vo v u ra cng vi cc module chc nng c cch gn a ch ging nhau. a ch ph thuc vo v tr g ca module trn Panen. Ch g module trn panen gi l khe (Slot), cc khe u c nh s, khe s 1 l khe u tin ca v c th tip tc.

, a ch vo ra trn module s:
Khi g module s vo, ra ln mt khe no lp tc n c mng a ch byte ca khe , mi khe c 4 byte a ch.

79

Gio Trnh PLC Khe s: 1 2 3 4 Byte s: 03 PS n IM 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 v c 0.1 1.1 2.1 3.1 Rnh 0 bn : : : : 0.7 1.7 2.7 3.7 Byte s: Rnh 1 Byte s: Rnh 2 Byte s: Rnh 3 3235 IM 64 67 IM 9699 IM
Hnh 7.2: a ch khe v knh trn module s

5 ... 47 ...

11 2831 28.0 29.0 30.0 31.0 28.1 29.1 30.1 31.1 : : : : 28.7 28.7 30.7 31.7 6063 9295 124127

...

...

...

Trn mi module th mi u vo, ra l mt knh, cc knh u c a ch bit l 0 n 7. a ch ca mi u vo, ra l s ghp ca a ch byte v a ch knh, a ch byte ng trc, a ch knh ng sau, gia hai s c du chm. Khi cc module g trn khe th a ch c tnh t byte u ca khe, cc u vo v ra ca mt khe c cng a ch. a ch byte v a ch knh nh hnh 7.2. V d: Module 2 u vo, 2 u ra s g vo khe s 5 rnh 0 c a ch l I4.0, I4.1 v Q4.0, Q4.1. Module s c th c g trn bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC. Khe s: 1 2 3 4 256-257 258-259 ... 270-271 283-284 ... 384-385 ... 640-641 ...
Hnh 7.3: a ch ca module tng t

...

11 368-369 370-371 ... 382-383 ... 510-511 ... 638-639 ... 766-767

PS n IM v c Rnh 0 bn

Rnh 1 Rnh 2 Rnh 3

IM IM IM

80

Gio Trnh PLC

, a ch vo ra trn module tng t


din t mt gi tr tng t ta phi cn nhiu bit. Trong PLC S7-300 ngi ta dng 16 bit (mt word) cho mt knh. Mt khe c 8 knh vi a ch u tin l PIW256 hoc PQW256 (byte 256 v 257) cho n PIW766 hoc PQW766 nh hnh 7.3. Module tng t c th c g vo bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC. V d: Mt module tng t 2 vo, 1 ra g vo khe s 6 rnh 0 c a ch l PIW288, PIW290, PQW288. Ch : Cc khe trng bao gi cng c trng thi tn hiu 0. 7.2. Vng i tng 1. Cc vng nh TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Tn tham s I IB IW ID Q QB QW QD M MB MW MD PIB PIW PID PQB PQW PQD T C DBX DBB DBW DBD DIX DIB DIW DID L Din gii u vo bit u vo byte u vo t u vo t kp u ra bit u ra byte u ra t u ra t kp Nh ni dng bit Nh ni dng byte Nh ni dng t Nh ni dng t kp Vng m u vo dng byte Vng m u vo dng t Vng m u vo dng t kp. Vng m u ra dng byte Vng m u ra dng t Vng m u ra dng t kp B thi gian B m Khi d liu kiu BD dng bit Khi d liu kiu BD dng byte Khi d liu kiu BD dng t Khi d liu kiu BD dng t kp Khi d liu kiu BI dng bit Khi d liu kiu BI dng byte Khi d liu kiu BI dng t Khi d liu kiu BI dng t kp Vng d liu tm thi dng bit 81
Bng 7.1

Vng tham s 0.0 n 65535.7 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532 0.0 n 65535.7 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532 0.0 n 255.7 0 n 255 0 n 254 0 n 252 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532 0 n 255 0 n 255 0.0 n 65535.7 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532 0.0 n 65535.7 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532 0.0 n 65535.7

Gio Trnh PLC 30 LB 31 LW 32 LD 2. Nhp cc hng s Cc hng s c vit gm phn u v tham s i lin nhau v d B#16#1A l s: (vit dng byte, c s 16, gi tr l 1A tng ng c s thp phn l 26). Cc hng s v thi gian c vit theo cc k hiu: D (Date) ngy_ H (Hours) gi_ M (minuter) pht_ S (seconds) giy_ MS (milliseconds) mili giy v d 2D_23H_10M_50S_13MS l: (2 ngy, 23 gi, 10 pht, 50 giy, 13 mili giy). Cc kiu vit hng s c th hin trn bng 7.2: Loi Byte T
Bit
Bng 7.2

Vng d liu tm thi dng byte Vng d liu tm thi dng t Vng d liu tm thi dng t kp

0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532

8 16

T kp

32

C s 16 2 16 BCD 10 khng du 2 16 10 khng du c du c du du phy ng gi_pht_ giy_miligiy ngy_gi_ pht_giy_ miligiy nm-thngngy gi:pht: giy.ngy

Phn u B#16#... 2#... W#16#... C# B#... 2#... DW#16#... B#... (khng c) L#... (khng c) S5T#..... T#... D#... TOD#... ....

S thc S thc S thc Thi gian

16 32 32 16 32

Ngy Thi gian ca ngy K t 32 8

Phm vi tham s 0 n FF 0 n 1111_1111_1111_1111 0 n FFFF 0 n 999 (0,0) n (255,255) 0 n 1111_1111_1111_1111_ 1111_1111_1111_1111 0000_0000 n FFFF_FFFF (0,0,0,0) n (255,255,255,255) -32768 n 32767 -2147483648 n +2147483647 ln hn 3,402823 e+38 nh hn 1.175495e-38 0H_0M_0S_10MS n 2H_46M_30S_0MS -24D_20H_31M_23S_648MS n 24D_20H_31M_23S_647MS 1990-1-1 n 2168-12-31 0:0:0.0 n 23:59:59.999 vit cc k t nh HA

82

Gio Trnh PLC 7.3. Ngn ng lp trnh 1. Cu trc chng trnh S7-300 Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S7-300 c th c vit dng n khi hoc a khi. Chng trnh n khi Chng trnh n khi ch vit cho cc cng vic t ng n gin, cc lnh c vit tun t trong mt khi. Khi vit chng trnh n khi ngi ta dng khi OB1. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qut n lnh cui cng n quay tr li lnh u tin. Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc) Khi nhim v t ng ho phc tp ngi ta chia chng trnh iu khin ra thnh tng phn ring gi l khi. Chng trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia. Chng trnh ang thc hin khi ny c th dng lnh gi khi sang lm vic vi khi khc, sau khi kt thc cng vic khi mi n quay v thc hin tip chng trnh tm dng khi c. Cc khi c xp thnh lp. Mi khi c: + u khi gm tn khi, s hiu khi v xc nh chiu di khi. + Thn khi: Th hin ni dung khi v c chia thnh on (Segment) thc hin tng cng on ca t ng ho sn xut. Mi on li bao gm mt s dng lnh phc v vic gii bi ton logic. Kt qu ca php ton logic c gi vo RLO (Result of logic operation). Vic phn chia chng trnh thnh cc on cng nh hng n RLO. Khi bt u mt on mi th to ra mt gi tr RLO mi, khc vi gi tr RLO ca on trc. + Kt thc khi: Phn kt thc khi l lnh kt thc khi BEU. Cc loi khi: * Khi t chc OB (Organisation Block) Khi t chc qun l chng trnh iu khin v t chc vic thc hin chng trnh. * Hm s FC (Functions) Khi hm s FC l mt chng trnh do ngi s dng to ra hoc c th s dng cc hm chun sn c ca SIEMENS. * Khi hm FB (Function Block) Khi hm l loi khi c bit dng lp trnh cc phn chng trnh iu khin ti din thng xuyn hoc c bit phc tp. C th gn tham s cho cc khi v chng c mt nhm lnh m rng. Ngi s dng c th to ra cc khi hm mi cho mnh, c th s dng cc khi hm sn c ca SIEMENS. * Khi d liu: c hai loi l

83

Gio Trnh PLC + Khi d liu dng chung DB (Shared Data Block) Khi d liu dng chung lu tr cc d liu chung cn thit cho vic x l chng trnh iu khin. + Khi d liu ring DI (Instance Data Block) Khi d liu dng ring lu tr cc d liu ring cho mt chng trnh no cho vic x l chng trnh iu khin. Ngoi ra trong PLC S7-300 cn hm h thng SFC (System Function) v khi hm h thng SFB (System Function Block). 2. Bng lnh ca S7-300 Xem phn ph lc 7.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn 1. Lnh LD v lnh A Lp trnh dng STL. LD A A = 2. Lnh AN Lp trnh dng STL. LD AN A = 3. Lnh O Lp trnh dng STL. LD O O = 4. Lnh ON Lp trnh dng STL. LD ON O = I I I Q 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0
Hnh 7.7: Lnh ON

I 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0

I 0.1

I 0.2

Q1.0

( )
Hnh 7.4: Lnh LD v A

I I I Q

I 0.0

I 0.1

I 0.2

Q1.0

( )
I I I Q 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0
Hnh 7.5: Lnh AN

I 0.0 I 0.1

Q1.0

( )

I I I Q

0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0

I 0.2
Hnh 7.6: Lnh O

I 0.0 I 0.1 I 0.2

Q1.0

( )

84

Gio Trnh PLC 5. Lnh OLD Lp trnh dng STL (c th lp trnh dng LAD v kim tra li dng STL). LD A LD OLD = 6. Lnh ALD Lp trnh dng STL. LD LD O ALD = Q 1.0
Hnh 7.9: ALD

I I I Q

0.0 0.1 0.2 I 0.2 1.0


Hnh 7.8: Lnh OLD

I 0.0

I 0.1

Q1.0

( )

I I I

0.0 0.1 0.2

I 0.0

I 0.1 I 0.2

Q1.0

( )

7. Lnh LPS, LRD, LPP Lp trnh dng STL LD LPS LD O ALD = LRD LD 0 ALD = LPP A = I Q 0.5 0.2 Q 0.1 I I 0.3 0.4 Q 0.0 I I 0.1 0.2 I 0.0

I 0.0

I 0.1 I 0.2 I 0.3 I 0.4 I 0.5

Q0.0

( )

Q0.1

( )

Q0.2

( )
Hnh 7.10: LPS, LRD, LPP

85

Gio Trnh PLC Ph lc 1 Cc phn mm lp trnh PLC I. Lp trnh cho OMRON 1. Phn mm SYSWIN (cho OMRON) 1.1. Khi ng 1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, bt cng tc ngun ca khi PLC. 2. Khi ng phn mm SYSWIN t biu tng hoc t file chng trnh nh hnh P.1. Ca s mn hnh ban u c dng nh hnh P.2. Trong ca s c 2 thanh cng c h tr cho qu trnh son tho chnh l:

Hnh P.1: Khi ng phn mm SYSWIN

Thanh trn: ngoi mt s chc nng nh son tho vn bn bnh thng cn mt s chc nng son tho lnh nh ch ra trn hnh P.3. Thanh dc: Ln lt t trn l: Con tr ( chn), tip im thng h, thng kn, thanh ni ngang, thanh ni dc, cun dy thng m, cun dy thng ng, khi hm (FUN), b thi gian (TIM), b m (CNT),

Phn ghi ch thch

Hnh P.2: Mn hnh ban u

86

Gio Trnh PLC 3. Kim tra mt s iu kin trc khi lp trnh:


LAD hoc STL Chn network Xo network Kt ni PLC Mode

V tr s t lnh

Hnh P.3: Mt s chc nng chnh

+ Kim tra xem my tnh c kt ni vi PLC cha. Khi my tnh c kt ni vi PLC th biu tng kt ni sng, nu cha c kt ni th nhy vo biu tng kt ni h thng s t kt ni vi PLC. + Nu s kt ni khng thc hin c c th phi khai bo li cng nh ch ra trn hnh P.4. (ng dn Project \ Communications). 1.2. Son tho: Theo LAD 1. M mt file chng Hnh P.4: Khai bo cng ghp ni trnh mi hoc mt file chng trnh c (ch mc nh c mt file mi c m ra).

87

Gio Trnh PLC 2. Nhy chut tri vo khi mun chn (tip im, cun dy, khi hm....) 3. a con ch n v tr t lnh (v tr t en), nhy chut tri v vo a ch lnh (u vo c cc a ch: 0, n 11; u ra c cc a ch: 1000, n 1007). 4. Khi cn ghi ch thch di mi lnh th chn lnh cn ghi ch thch, vo hp SYM: ( pha di mn hnh nh ch ra trn hnh P.2) ghi nhng iu cn ch thch, cu ch thch phi lin nhau (khng dng du cch) sau chn Store. 5. Kt thc mt Network chn thm Network mt t biu tng nh ch ra trn hnh P.3. 6. Nu son sai Network no th nh du v xo Network t biu tng hnh P.3. 7. Tin hnh son tho ht cc Network. 8. Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc. Mun vo lnh kt thc th chn Netwoks v v tr lnh kt thc, chn FUN, nhy vo v tr t lnh, sau vo tn lnh END(01) nh ch ra trn hnh P.3, hoc chn cc khi mc Select sau chn OK. 9. chng trnh sang PLC chn Hnh P.5: chng trnh sang PLC Online \ Download program to PLC nh trn hnh P.5. Ch : Khi chng trnh sang PLC th PLC phi ang trng thi MONITOR hoc trng thi PROGRAM (STOP/PRG). Mun chuyn i cc trng thi trn th chn Shift + F10 hoc biu tng "PLC Mode" nh hnh P.3. 10. chy chng trnh chn trng thi MONITOR hoc RUN t biu tng "PLC Mode".

88

Gio Trnh PLC 2. S dng thit b lp trnh cm tay (cho OMRON) 2.1. Cu to thit b lp trnh cm tay Thit b lp trnh cm tay c cc khi chnh nh hnh P.6.

PRO07
Progrgamming Cosnole

OMRON

Monitor Run Program

FUN

SFT

NOT

SHIFT

3
AND LD

OR

CNT

TR

*EM

AR

OUT

TIM

EM

CH

CONT

8 5

9 6

EXT SET

CHG DEL

SRCH MONT

RESET

INS

CLR

VER

WRITE

Hnh P.6: Ghp ni PLC vi thit b lp trnh cm tay

1. Mn hnh 2. Cng tc chn ch : c 3 ch * PROGRAM: ch ny lp trnh hoc thc hin cc thay i chng trnh. * MONITOR: Ch ny thay i cc gi tr ca b m v thi gian trong khi PLC vn ang vn hnh.

89

Gio Trnh PLC * RUN: Ch ny chy chng trnh np trong PLC (khi PLC ang ch ny th khng chng trnh mi sang PLC c). 3. Cc phm lnh 4. Cc phm s. 5. Cc phm hm. 2.2. Cc phm lnh
FUN

Cc lnh ng dng c bit

TIM

Lnh iu khin thi gian Lnh iu khin b m

LD

Lnh nhp cc tip im vo chng trnh. (lnh bt u mt Network). Lnh OR (ni song song) Lnh AND (ni ni tip)

CNT

OR

NOT

Dng km vi cc lnh LD, AND, OR, OUT thc hin php nghch o Thit lp cc r le tm thi Thit lp cc r le duy tr Dng thay i cc chc nng ca cc phm nhiu chc nng Lnh xo trc khi lp trnh

AND

TR

OUT

Lnh ra Ch th vn hnh ca b ghi dch Cc phm s 0 n 9 nhp s thp phn, hexa.

AR HR SHIFT

SET
A

CLR

2.3. Th tc vo lnh: 1. Khi ng b lp trnh cm tay, cng tc chn ch ch PROGRAM hoc ch MONITOR, vo PASSWORD (t kho) theo th t sau:
CLR
MOMTR

CLR

2. Bt u chng trnh mi cn s dng lnh CLR xo chng trnh c. 3. Cc lnh c vo theo th t: + Tn lnh (cc lnh bt u mt NETWORK l lnh LD). + Tham s ca lnh: Khng cn vo cc s khng ng trc.

90

Gio Trnh PLC + Kt thc mt lnh l WRITE (vit vo PLC). 4. Kt thc mt chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc. Lnh kt thc vo theo th t:
FUN
A B

WRITE

V d: Chng trnh ca mt mch t duy tr dng LAD v STL nh hnh P.7: LD OR OUT END. Cch vo chng trnh hnh P.7 nh sau:
CLR
LD

000.00 010.00 010.00

AND NOT 000.01

Hnh P.7: Mch t duy tr

0
B A A A

WRITE

OR

1
AND

0
B

0
WRITE

WRITE

NOT

1
A A A

OUT

1
A B

WRITE

FUN

WRITE

6. chy chng trnh chuyn cng tc chn ch sang RUN.

91

Gio Trnh PLC

II. Lp trnh cho PLC - S5 S dng phn mm Step5 for Win. 1. Trnh t thao tc 1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, (bt cng tc ngun khi th nghim, PLC t trong khi th nghim), bt cng tc khi ngun PS ca PLC, cng tc ca khi CPU v tr STOP. 2. Chy trnh Step5 t fite chng trnh nh hnh P.8. Mn hnh ch bt u c dng nh hnh P.9. 3. Vo File \ Project \ Set (phn ny c th t nhiu tham s, xem phn t tham s trang 94). Cn t 3 tham s c bn. + Chn PLC \ Mode t ch Online (ch kt ni vi PLC). + Chn Blocks \ Representation t ch son tho STL.

Thc hin lnh trn n Shift F1 Thc hin lnh di n F1

Hnh P.8: Khi ng Step 5

Hnh P.9: Mn hnh ban u

+ Chn Blocks \ Program File to file mi, (nu cn m mt file c th vo ng dn v tn file, nu s dng file ngay bui lm vic trc v chng trnh trc y kt ni vi PLC th b qua bc ny) sau n Enter. 4. Vo ch son tho t Editor \ Step 5 Block...., hoc n F1 (Edit). Mn hnh trc son tho c dng nh hnh P.10. Trong :
Block list: Vo tn ca khi hoc nhiu khi son tho. Confirm before overwriting: Nu c chn th khi ghi my s hi li khng

nh, khng chn th khi sa i c ghi ln ngay sau khi bm Enter.


Update assignment: Nu c chn th fite biu tng *ZO.INI thay i th fite

ngun *ZO.SEQ cng c iu chnh, nu khng chn th fite ngun *ZO.SEQ khng c iu chnh.

92

Gio Trnh PLC


Update XRF: Nu c chn th fite *XR.INI cha tham chiu cho c iu

chnh hoc c to nu cha tn ti trc , nu khng chn th fite *XR.INI cha tham chiu cho khng c iu chnh. 5. Trong mc Source chn PLC kt ni trc tip vi PLC. Trong mc Selection \ Block list vo khi OB1 son tho (c th vo cc khi khc nu cn), trong mc Options khng chn nh hnh P.10 sau chn Edit (n Enter), nu lm vic vi file mi th my t ng vo lun mn hnh Edit nh Hnh P.10: Mn hnh trc son tho hnh P.11b, nu lm vic vi file c th my vo mn hnh Output nh hnh P.11a.

Mn hnh Output

Mn hnh Edit

a,
Hnh P.11: Mn hnh son tho

b,

Trong : hnh P.11a


F1 (Disp Symb): Cho php thay i hoc t tn k hiu (symb), ch thch cc ton hng dng trong khi chng trnh ang son tho. F2 (Reference): Hin th tham chiu cho. F3 (Serach): Tm kim cc ton hng n l trong khi ang son tho.

93

Gio Trnh PLC


F5 (Seg Fct): Hin cc chc nng son tho cho php lm vic vi cc on ca

khi nh chp, xo, chn,...


F6 (Edit): Chuyn sang ch son tho. F7 (Enter): Lu tr khi nu c s thay i hoc tr v menu chnh. F8 (Cancel): Tr v menu chnh. Shift-F1 (Addresses): Hin a ch tng i ca cc lnh trong khi (vi STL). Shift-F2 (Lib no): Cho php vo s th vin. Shift-F3 (Symb.OFF): Cho php hin th ton hng di dng tuyt i. Shift-F4 (Symb Com): Cho php hin th dng ch thch k hiu cc ton hng. Shift-F5 ( LAD ): Cho php chuyn i cc dng STL, CSF, LAD. Shift-F6 (Seg com): Cho php vo son tho tiu v cc ch thch ca mi

on chng trnh trong khi nu c chn Wich Comments trang 2 (Blocks) phn ph lc.
Shift-F7 (Save): Lu tr khi son tho vo file. Shift-F1 (Help): Vo phn tr gip.

6. Nu ang mn hnh Output cn sa cha hoc son tho mi th chn F6 (Edit) vo mn hnh son tho Edit, vi chng trnh c nhiu on (Segment) th n F5 (Seg Fct) sau n F1 (-1) hoc F2 (+1) chn cc on trc hoc sau on hin thi. 7. Khi ang mn hnh son tho Edit c th tin hnh son tho: + vo mt cu lnh ta khng cn quan tm n cu trc m c th g lin tc lin nhau, ht mt dng n Enter my s t ng chn vo cc k t trng ngn cch. + Son tho ht mt on (segment) n F6 (Seg End) sang on mi. + Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh BE, n Enter v chn yes xc nhn my s tr v mn hnh Output. 8. n Shift-F5 xem dng LAD v CSF. Nu chng trnh c nhiu on (Segment) th n F5 (Seg Fct) sau n F1 (-1) hoc F2 (+1) xem ln lt ht cc on trc hoc sau on hin thi. 9. n Shift-F7 ct chng trnh v chng trnh sang PLC, chn yes xc nhn vic chng trnh ln chng trnh c trong PLC (khi ct th PLC phi ch STOP). 2. t tham s cho vic son tho chng trnh. Vo File \ Project \ Set ta s t cc tham s cn thit lin quan n vic son tho chng trnh. Cc tham s ny c hin th trong 6 trang mn hnh, cc trang mn hnh c th chuyn i bng con tr. Mi trang c cc phm chc nng c th s dng nh: 94

Gio Trnh PLC


+ Edit F2: Vo ch son tho. + Select F3: Thay i tham s ti v tr con tr. + Project... F6: Ct tham s thay i. + Info F7: Hin thng tin v vng hin ti m ti c con tr. + Help Shift F8: Vo phn tr gip. + Enter: Chp nhn s thay i. + Cancel ESC: Gi nguyn trng thi c, tr v mn hnh trc . *Trang 1 (PLC): nh hnh P.12 + Mode: Chn ch ni vi PLC (Online), v khng c PLC (Offline). + PLC type: Loi PLC + Interface: Chn giao din. + Parameter: a ch cng giao din. + Path name: t tn ng dn ni kt. Nu c Path name v Path file u t th h thng tm cch thit lp hay dng vic ni kt thng qua ng dn chn ny mi khi c s thay i ch lm vic. + Path file: Tn file cha ng dn Path name. *Trang 2 (Blocks): nh hnh P.13 + Program File: Vo ng dn, m file mi hoc m file c. + Representation: t ch son tho STL, LAD, CSF. + STL addresses: a ch ca STL. + With comments: Cho php n, hin dng ch thch. *Trang 3 (Symbols): nh hnh P.14
Hnh P.13: Trang 2

Hnh P.12: Trang 1

+ With Checksum: Kim tra vic truyn s liu ra PLC.

95

Gio Trnh PLC + Symbols file: t tn file biu tng (*ZO.INI). + Assigment list: t tn ca file danh sch (ZO.SEQ). + Symbol length: t di k hiu biu tng, cho php t 8 n 24 k t. + Comment length: t di dng ch thch, cho php nhiu nht l 40 k t. + Display symbolic: Cho php ton hng th hin di dng biu tng (symbolic) hay dng tuyt i (absolute). + Operands symbolic: Cho php lp trnh c vi symbolic operands. *Trang 4 (Documetation): nh hnh P.15. + Footer file: Vo tn file cha cc thng tin cn thit cui mi trang khi in v c to ra trong Documentation. + Doc comm file: t tn file (*SU.INI) cha cc lnh to ti liu. + Printer file: t tn file cha thng tin v tham s in c chn trong menu Documentation nh kch c giy, s dng trong mi trang in, cng giao tip vi my in... + Printer interface: Chn giao din vi my in. + Documetation to: t ch lm vic cho php in ti liu. *Trang 5 (Options): hnh P.16 + Project directory: nh th mc lm vic. 96
Hnh P.16: Trang 5

Hnh P.14: Trang 3

Hnh P.15: Trang 4

Gio Trnh PLC

*Trang 6 (EFROM): nh hnh P.17 + SYSID file: t tn file (*SD.INI) cha cc thng tin nhn dng h thng cc khi dng trong vic np EFROM.

Hnh P.17: Trang 6

III. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7-200 1. S dng phn mm Step7-200 for Win. Thao tc chun b 1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows,(bt cng tc ngun khi th nghim, PLC lp thnh khi th nghim), bt cng tc khi ngun PS ca PLC, cng tc ca khi CPU v tr STOP. 2. Chy trnh Step7 t biu tng hoc t fite chng trnh nh hnh P.18.

Hnh P.18: Biu tng v ng dn file chng trnh Step7

mn hnh ch bt u c dng nh hnh P.19.

97

Gio Trnh PLC 3. Nu Project [CPU .....] c loi CPU khc th nhy nt phi chut vo Project [CPU .....] chn li CPU. 4. Vo Fite m mt fite mi hoc fite c. 5. Vo View chn ch son tho STL (hoc LAD hoc FBD). 6. Tin hnh son tho chng trnh theo STL (nu son tho chng trnh theo LAD th c th s dng cc khu, khi pha tri mn hnh son tho). Khi son tho ch cn cch lnh v i tng lnh mt nhp (du cch), khng cn ch ch in v ch thng, my s t dch v chnh ch cho ph hp. Trong qu trnh son tho c th ghi cc ch thch nu cn. 7. Vo View xem li dng LAD (Ladder) hoc FBD. 8. Dch chng trnh t biu tng hoc t PLC \ compile, nu mun dch c chng trnh th t PLC \ compile All. Khi dch chng trnh cc li s c thng bo phn thng bo trng thi. 9. chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng hoc t File \ Download, c th phi kim tra li cad ghp ni cho ph hp t Communications. 10. Mun ct, in chng trnh..., c th thc hin t biu tng hoc vo File chn ch ct v ch in cn thit.
Nhy nt phi chn CPU Dch chng trnh chng trnh sang PLC

Phn son tho chng trnh

Phn thng bo trng thi

Vo kim tra cad ghp ni

Hnh P.19: Mn hnh son tho

98

Gio Trnh PLC 2. S dng phn mm Step7-200 for Dos. Thao tc chun b: 1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows. 2. Chy trnh S7-200 t biu tng hoc t fite chng trnh, mn hnh ch bt u c dng nh hnh P.20. Trong :
EXIT-F1:

Thot.

SETUP-F2:

Chn ngn ng, t c php cho bin nh. Ch ngn ng giao din ch International.

Khi my tnh c ni vi PLC.


COLOR-F6: PGMS-F7:

ONLENE-F4:

Hnh P.20: Mn hnh bt u ca STEP7-Micro/Dos

Chn mu. Khi my tnh khng ni vi PLC.

Chng trnh qun l fite.

OFLINE-F8:

Ch PID ch tn fite ang s dng. 3. Chn PGMS, n phm F7 (cc phn tip sau thao tc chn v n phm c vit gn thnh PGMS-F7), vo chng trnh qun l fite m fite mi hoc fite c. m fite mi chn DIR-F5 vo a, chn SELECT-F8 xc nhn, n Enter hin cc th mc, chn th mc sau chn SELECT-F8 xc nhn, chn EXIT-F1 thot v mn hnh trc , t tn fite v chn SELECT-F8 xc nhn, chn ABORT-F1 v mn hnh ban u, tn fite v ng dn c thit lp. 4. Chn ch ONLINE-F4, ri xc nhn a ch cng ghp ni vi PLC. 5. n F7 chn ch son tho LAD hoc STL. 6. Chn EDIT-F2 vo ch son tho, pha di mn hnh son tho c dng th mc hng dn cc cch v cc lnh son tho. 7a. Son tho vi STL dng hng dn c dng nh hnh P.21:
exit-f1 insnw-f2 delln-f4 insln-f5 delfld-f6 undo-f8

Hnh P.21: Dng hng dn son tho STL

Trong :

EXIT-F1:

thot v trang trc . Chn mt network pha trn con tr. Xa mt dng c con tr. 99

INSNW-F2: DELLN-F4:

Gio Trnh PLC


INSLN-F5:

Chn mt dng pha trn con tr. Xa tham s ni con tr. v phm ENTER di chuyn con tr n

DELFLD-F6:

S dng cc phm v tr son tho.

7b. Son tho vi LAD dng hng dn c dng nh hnh P.22: du cng cui dng th hin th mc vn cn cn n phm Spacebar chuyn i.
exit-f1 -f2 -f3 RI -f4 NOT -f5 ( ) -f6 Box-f7 ENTER-f8 +

n phm Spacebar
horz-f1 vert-f2 horzd-f3 vertd-f4 delnet-f5 unique-f6 commnt-f7 insert-f8 +

Hnh P.22: Dng hng dn son tho LAD

Trong :

EXIT-F1:

Thot v trang mn hnh trc . Xc nh mt network c son tho.

Cc phm F2 n F7 (dng trn) chn cc tip im, cun dy, hp.


ENTER-F8: HORZ-F1: VERT-F2:

k mt on ngang t v tr con tr sang phi. k mt on dc t v tr con tr xung di. xa mt on ngang. xa mt on dc. di chuyn con tr n v tr son tho.

HORZD-F3: VERTD-F4:

S dng cc phm

Khi son xong mt tip im, hp... dng phm ENTER xc nhn. Khi son xong mt network phi dng F8 xc nhn, nu dng ENTER c ngha mun xung dng m rng (nhnh) cho network. 8. Chn EXIT-F1 tr v mn hnh trc . 9. Chn STL-F7 xem dng STL. 10. Chn WRITDK-F8 chng trnh sang PLC. 11. Mun in chng trnh, hoc thc hin cc thao tc la chn khc th lm theo ch dn dng th mc cui mn hnh hoc vo phn Help.

100

Gio Trnh PLC

IV. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7-300 S dng phn mm S7-300. 1. Khi ng: 1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, (bt cng tc ngun ca khi th nghim) bt cng tc ngun ca khi ngun PS ca PLC, cng tc ca khi CPU v tr STOP. 2. Khi ng phn mm Step7 t biu tng hoc t file chng trnh nh hnh P.23. 1.2. Ci t phn cng: 1. Cng tc ca CPU phi ch STOP. 2. Vo File to mt th mc chng trnh mi (hoc m mt th mc chng trnh c) (v mt chng trnh ca S7300 l c mt th mc "Project"). Mt chng trnh ca S7-300 s c dng nh hnh P.24 (khi to ). Nu m mt th mc chng trnh c sn chng trnh th c th b qua mt s bc sau. 3. M th mc chng trnh "Project" chn phn cng t insert / Station / Simatic 300 Station. 4. M th mc Simatic 300(1) ci t phn cng. 5. M th mc Hardware bt u ci t phn cng, mn hnh ban u ci t phn cng c dng nh hnh P.25. 6. Nhy vo du "+" ca SIMATIC 300 chn ln lt cc khi ca cu hnh cng. (chn theo cc khi hin c ca 101
Nhy vo du "+" m khi Phn th hin tham s khi
Hnh P.23: ng dn khi ng Step 7

Biu tng

Hnh P.24: Cu trc chng trnh Step 7

Hnh P.25: Hng dn ci t phn cng

Gio Trnh PLC khi th nghim). Cc khi thc trn PLC nh trn hnh P.26. Phi nhy vo du "+" m chng trnh. + Chn gi : Chn RACK300 v chn Rail. + Chn khi ngun: Chn PS300 (v chn PS307 5A). + Chn khi CPU: Chn CPU-300 v chn CPU 314, chn loi c tham s (c ch ra phn th hin tham s a ch cad ghp ni hnh P.26) nh a ch khi vo a ch khi ra tham s ca CPU Hnh P.26: Cc khi c chn hin c (c ch ra dng trn cng v dng di cng ca CPU trn khi th nghim). Ring trong bi th nghim ny phn mm khng c loi m hiu 6ES7314-1AE04-0AB0 nn chn loi 6ES7 314-1AE03-0AB0 thay th. + B qua khi b thiu: IM (Interfare) nm trn dng s 3 ca Rail. + Chn cc khi vo ra: Chn SM-300 v ln lt chn cc khi vo ra theo ng m hiu c ghi trn dng u v dng cui mi khi. + Chn khi ghp ni: CP-300 v chn CP340 RS 232C. Khi ghp ni ny ghp ni vi cc thit b ngoi. Mn hnh sau khi chn khi c dng nh hnh
P.26

7. cu hnh sang PLC t PLC \ Download hoc biu tng, nhn OK xc nhn a ch gi (Rack), a ch CPU v a ch cng ghp ni. 3. Son tho chng trnh: 1. Tr v th mc chng trnh chnh "Project", xc nhn vic ct cu hnh cng vi file. 2. M th mc chng trnh chnh "Project" chn chng trnh son tho vo t insert / Program / S7 Program. 3. M th mc S7 Program, trong s c cc th mc: Source File, Symbols, Blocks. 102

Gio Trnh PLC 4. M th mc Blocks, nu cn th chn thm cc khi (Blocks) cn thit khc cho chng trnh t insert / S7 Blocks. 5. M khi OB1 (bi ny ch lp trnh trn khi OB1), chn kiu lp trnh STL t Language (c th chn kiu lp trnh khc) ri chn OK. Mn hnh lp trnh c dng nh hnh P.27. 6. C th chn ch online kt ni trc tip vi PLC hoc offline khng ni trc tip vi PLC, chn ch offline khi son xong chng trnh phi sang PLC. 7. C th t tn cho khi, tn cho on (Networks) v cc ch thch nu cn. 8. Tin hnh son tho, khi son tho ch cn cch m lnh v i tng lnh mt nhp my s t ng dch khong cch cho ph hp.
Chn online hoc offline sang PLC Chn Network mi

Phn vit tn khi Phn ch thch khi Phn vit tn Network Phn ch thch Network Phn son tho chng trnh

Hnh P.27: Mn hnh son tho

9. Son tho ht mt Networks th chn thm Networks mi t biu tng hoc insert / Network. 10. Xem li dng LAD hoc FBD t View / LAD hoc View / FBD. 11. Son tho xong chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng hoc t PLC / Download kim tra, khi chng trnh PLC phi trng thi STOP. Ch : Khi lp trnh c th cc k hiu khng ng (khng lp trnh c, chng hn g a ch I 0.0 bo li, g M 0.0 th nhn) l do chn ngn ng khng ng. kim tra ngn ng lm nh sau: + T mn hnh son tho nh hnh P.27 chn Options/Customize... ta c ca s nh hnh P.28. + Trong ca s Editor hnh P.28, hp kim Mnemonics phi l Internectiona nh hnh P.28a. nu trong hp kim Mnemonics l SMATIC nh hnh P.28b l sai ngn ng (dng ting c). Mun i ngn ng c th lp trnh c ta phi quay li mn hnh ban u nh hnh P.24 v tin hnh cc bc:

103

Gio Trnh PLC

a,

Hnh P.28

b,

+ T mn hnh P.24 chn Options/Customize... ta c ca s ca mn hnh Customize nh hnh P.29. Trong mn hnh Customize ca s Language ti hp kim Language phi chn english, ti hp kim Mnemonics phi chn English nh hnh P.29 sau nhn OK.

Hnh P.29

104

Gio Trnh PLC Ph lc 2 BNG LNH CA CC PHN MM PLC i. Bng lnh ca PLC - CpM1A TT 1 2 3 4 5
Tn lnh AND And ld
And not

M t Nhn logic trng thi ca bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin. Nhn logic cc kt qu ca cc khi xc nh. Nhn logic gi tr o ca bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin. m li. Khi ng mt dy lnh vi trng thi ca bit xc nh hoc nh ngha mt khi logic c dng vi ANDLD hoc ORLD. Khi ng mt dy lnh vi nghch o ca bit xc nh. Cng logic trng thi ca bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin. Cng kt qu ca cc khi nh trc. Cng logic nghch o bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin. a ra cng ra gi tr ca bit thc hin. a ra cng ra gi tr nghch o ca bit thc hin Qu trnh thi gian tr ON Khng thc hin g c, qu trnh chuyn sang lnh bn cnh. Lnh kt thc chng trnh. Nu iu kin kho cho l OFF tt c cc u ra l OFF v ton b thi gian (time) s phc hi gia IL ny (02) v IL khc (03). Cc lnh khc c iu hnh nh l lnh NOP (00), b m vn duy tr. Nu iu kin nhy b tt (OFF) tt c cc lnh gia JMP (04) v JME (05) tng ng b b qua. Pht mt li khng tin nh v cho ra s FAL vo b lp trnh cm tay. Pht mt li tin nh v cho ra s FALS vo b lp trnh cm tay. Khi dng vi bit iu khin s xc nh im bt u mt bc mi v phc hi (R) bc trc . Khi khng dng vi bit iu khin s xc nh im cui ca vic thc hin bc.

Cnt Ld

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Ld not Or Or ld Or not Out Out not Tim Nop End IL Ilc

Jmp Jme Fal Fals Step

105

Gio Trnh PLC TT 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41


Tn lnh snxt Set Keep Cntr Difu Difd Timh Wsft Cmp Mov Mvn Bin Bcd Asl Asr Rol Ror Com Add Sub

M t Dng vi mt bit iu khin ch ra kt thc bc, phc hi bc v bt u bc tip theo. To ra b ghi dch bit. Xc nh mt bit nh l mt cht iu khin bi cc u vo t v phc hi. Tng hoc gim s m bi mt trong s cc tn hiu vo tng hoc gim chuyn t OFF sang ON. Bt (On) bit xc nh cho mt chu k ti sn trc ca xung vo. Nhn logic trng thi ca bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin. B thi gian tc cao c tr. Dch chuyn d liu gia cc t u v cui trong nhm t, vit 0 vo t u. So snh ni dung ca 2 t v a ra kt qu vo cc c GR, EQ, LE. Chp d liu ngun (t hoc hng s) vo t ch. o d liu ngun (t hoc hng s) sau chp n vo t ch Chuyn d liu 4 s dng BCD trong t ngun thnh d liu nh phn 16 bit v a d liu c chuyn vo t kt qu. Chuyn d liu nh phn trong t ngun thnh BCD sau a d liu chuyn m ra t kt qu. Dch tng bt trong t n ca d liu v bn tri c CY Dch tng bt trong t n ca d liu v bn phi c CY Quay cc bt trong t n ca d liu mt bt v bn tri c CY Quay cc bt trong t n ca d liu mt bt v bn phi c CY o trng thi bt ca mt t d liu. Cng 2 gi tr BCD 4 s vi ni dung ca CY v a kt qu n t ghi kt qu c bit. Tr mt gi tr BCD 4 s v CY t mt gi tr BCD 4 bit khc v a kt qu

106

Gio Trnh PLC TT 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62


Tn lnh Mul div Andw Orw Xorw Xnrw Inc Dec Stc Clc Trsm msg Adb Sbb Mlb Dvb Addl Subl Mull Divl Binl

M t Nhn 2 gi tr BCD 4 s v a kt qu ti t kt qu c bit. Chia s BCD 4 s cho s b chia BCD 4 s v a kt qu ti t kt qu c bit. Nhn logic 2 t vo 16 bit v c bit tng ng vo t kt qu nu cc bit tng ng trong cc t vo u ON. Cng logic 2 t vo 16 bit v t bit tng ng vo t kt qu nu cc bit tng ng trong d liu vo l ON. Cng (EXNOR) 2 t 16 bit v t bit vo t kt qu khi cc bit tng ng trong cc t vo c trng thi khc nhau. Cng o (EXNOR) 2 t 16 bit v t bit vo t kt qu khi cc bit tng ng trong cc t vo c cng trng thi. Tng t BCD 4 s ln 1 n v. Gim t BCD 4 s i 1 n v. t c mang sang (bt ON, CY) Xo c mang sang (tt OF, CY) Khi u vit d liu khng dng vi CQM1-CPU 11/21-E. Hin th thng bo 16 v tr tn b lp trnh. Cng 2 gi tr Hexa 4 s vi ni dung ca CY v gi kt qu ti t kt qu xc nh. Tr gi tr Hexa 4 s cho mt gi tr Hexa 4 s, CY v gi kt qu ti t kt qu. Nhn 2 s tr Hexa 4 s v gi kt qu ti t kt qu xc nh. Chia s tr Hexa 4 s cho s Hexa 4 s v gi kt qu ti t kt qu xc nh Cng 2 gi tr 8 s (2 tr mt) v ni dung ca CY v gi kt qu ti cc t kt qu xc nh. Tr gi tr BCD 8 s cho mt gi tr BCD 8 s v CY v gi kt qu vo t kt qu. Nhn 2 gi tr BCD 8 s v gi kt qu vo cc t kt qu xc nh. Chia s BCD 8 s cho s BCD 8 s v gi kt qu n cc t kt qu xc nh. Chuyn gi tr BCD thnh cc t nh phn ngun lin kt v a d liu chuyn i n 2 t kt qu lin tip.

107

TT 63 64 65 66

Tn lnh Bcdl XFer Bset Root

M t Chuyn gi tr nh phn thnh hai t BCD ngun lin tip v a d liu chuyn i n 2 t kt qu lin tip. Chuyn 1 s ni dung t ngun lin tip thnh t ch lin tip. Sao chp ni dung 1 t hoc 1 hng s thnh mt s t lin tip. Bnh phng (khai cn) ca gi tr BCD 8 s v a ra kt qu s nguyn 4 ch s ct ngt v gi kt qu ra 1 t nh trc. Trao i ni dung ca hai t khc nhau. Chp 16 bit ca mt t xc nh vo mt ct bit ca cc t 16 bit lin tip. So snh hai gi tr nh phn 16 bit (4 s) nh du v a kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE. So snh hai gi tr nh phn 32 bit (8 s) nh du v a kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE. Chia 1 gi tr nh phn 16 bit nh du cho mt gi tr khc v a kt qu nh phn 32 bit nh du vo t R n R+1. Chia 1 gi tr nh phn 32 bit nh du cho mt gi tr khc v a kt qu nh phn 64 bit nh du vo t R+3 n R. Kim tra li trong d liu truyn bi lnh Host link. Tm li trong cm cc lnh. Chuyn i d liu ASCII thnh d liu hexa. Vo d liu hexa n 8 s t bn 16 phm. Chuyn i d liu giy (s) thnh d liu gi (h) v pht (mm). Chp mt bit ca cm 16 t lin tip vo t xc nh. Tm gi tr cc i trong khng gian d liu xc nh v a gi tr ny ti t khc. Nhn ni dung nh phn nh du ca hai t v a kt qu nh phn 8 bit nh du vo R+1 v R. Nhn hai gi tr nh phn 32 bit (8 s) nh du v a kt qu nh phn 16 bit nh du vo R+3 n R. Tm gi tr cc tiu trong khng gian d liu xc nh v a gi tr ny vo t khc. 108

67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82

Xchg @colm Cps Cpsl @dbs @dbsl @fCS @fpd @hex @hky @hms @line @max @mbs @mbsl @min

Gio Trnh PLC TT 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99


Tn lnh @neg @negl Pid @pls2 @pwm @rxd @scl2 @scl3 @sec @sbbl @srch @sum @xfrb @zcp zcpl SLD SRD

M t Chuyn i ni dung hexa 4 ch s ca t ngun thnh phn b modul 2 ca n v a kt qu vo R. Chuyn i ni dung hexa 8 ch s ca t ngun thnh phn b modul 2 ca n v a kt qu vo R v R+1. (Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) th hin iu khin PID da trn cc thng s xc nh. (Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) Tng tc xung ra t 0 ti tn s ch. (Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) a ra cng mt v hai cc xung c t s lun phin xc nh (0%-99%). Nhp d liu thng qua cng lin lc. (Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) Chuyn i tuyn tnh mt gi tr hexa 4 s nh du thnh gi tr s BCD 4 ch s. (Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) Chuyn i tuyn tnh mt gi tr BCD 4 ch s thnh gi tr hexa 4 ch s nh du. Chuyn i d liu gi (h) v pht (mm) thnh d liu giy (s). Tr i mt gi tr nh phn 8 ch s (bnh thng hoc nh du) tr gi tr khc v a kt qu ra R v R+1. Kim tra phm vi xc nh ca b nh dng cho d liu xc nh. a cc a ch t cc t trong phm vi cha d liu. Tnh tng ni dung cc t trong phm vi xc nh ca b nh. Chp trng thi ca nhiu nht l 255 bit ngun xc nh vo cc bt ch xc nh. So snh mt t vi mt di xc nh bi gii hn thp v cao v a kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE. So snh mt gi tr 8 ch s vi mt di xc nh bi cc gii hn thp v cao sau a kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE. Dch tri d liu gia cc t u v cui mt ch s (4 bit) v bn tri. Dch phi d liu gia cc t u v cui mt ch s (4 bit) v bn phi. Chuyn i 4 ch s hexa trong t ngun thnh gi tr thp phn t 0 n 15 v ghi vo cc t hoc cc bit kt qu c v tr tng ng vi gi tr c chuyn i.

100 MLPX

109

Gio Trnh PLC TT


Tn lnh

M t Xc nh v tr ON cao nht trong t ngun v chuyn cc bit tng ng vo t kt qu. Chuyn gi tr hexa t ngun n d liu cho hin th 7 thanh. Chuyn mt t ca d liu ngun n t cui m a ch ca n c cho bi t cui cng vi OFF SET. Li d liu t ngun v vit n vo t cui. Truyn bit xc nh ca t hoc bng s ngun n bit xc nh ca t cui. Chuyn ni dung hexa ca cc ch s ngun 4 bit xc nh n cc ch s cui xc nh, ti a l 4 ch s . Dch d liu trong tng ngun hoc ch cui cc t ngun xc nh v bn tri hoc bn phi. So snh gi tr hexa 4 ch s vi gi tr trong bng gm 16 t. Chuyn i cc gi tr hexa t ngun thnh m ASII 8 bit bt u ti na tn cng bn tri hoc phi ca t u xc nh. Gi v thc hin chng trnh con. nh du bt u ca chng trnh con. Kt thc ca chng trnh con v tr v chng trnh chnh. Lm ti tt c u vo v ra gia t u v t cui. Gi v thc hin chng trnh con thay th cc t vo ra. To mt b ghi dch trao i ni dung ca cc t lin kt khi mt trong cc t l 0.

101 DMPX 102 SDEC 103 DIST 104 COLI 105 MOVB 106 MOVD 107 SFTR 108 TCMP 109 ASC 110 SBS 111 SBN 112 RET 113 IORF 114 MaCRO 115 @ASFT

116 @MCMP So snh mt cm 16 t lin tip vi mt cm 16 t lin tip khc. 117 @RXD 118 @TXD 119 CMPL 120 @INI 121 @PRV 122 @CTBL o d liu thng qua mt cng lin lc (cng COM). Gi d liu thng qua mt cng lin lc. So snh 2 i lng hexa 8 ch s. Khi ng v dng qu trnh m, so snh v chuyn PV ca b m, dng u ra xung. c PV ca b m v d liu trng thi cho b m c tc cao nht. So snh PV ca b m v pht mt bn trc tip hoc l khi ng qu trnh chy.

110

Gio Trnh PLC TT


Tn lnh

M t a ra cc xung vi tn s xc nh (10Hz - 50kHz trong cc b 10Hz) tn s ra c th thay i trong khi cc xung ang c a ra. a ra mt s xc nh cc xung c tn s xc nh, u ra xung khng dng cho n khi s lng xung c a ra ht. Th hin s i thang o cho gi tr tnh ton. m tng s cc bit ang chy (ON) trong cm t xc nh. Quyt nh xem gi tr ca mt t c nm trong phm vi xc nh bi gii hn di v trn. iu khin Time khong dng cho cc ngt th tc. a vo d liu BCD 4 hoc 8 ch s t mt chuyn mch s. Chuyn d liu BCD 4 hoc 8 ch s thnh dng hin th 7 thanh. Th hin iu khin v ngt nh l mt n hoc khng mt n cc bit ngt cho cc ngt vo ra. Cho (CQM1-CPV43-E) cng vi PVLS (-) ACC (-) iu khin tng tc v gim tc cc xung ra t cng 1 v 2. Cng hai gi tr nh phn 8 ch s (d kin thng hoc ng du) v a kt qu ra R v R+1. Th hin cc php tnh sin, cosin hoc cc tim cn tuyn tnh. Cng mt s xc nh cc t hexa v tnh gi tr chnh, quay du thp phn i mt khong 4 ch s.

123 @SPED

124 @PULS

125 @SCL 126 @BCNT 127 @BCMP 128 @STIM 129 DSW 130 7SEG 131 @INT 132 @ACC 133 @ABDL 134 @APR 135 AVG

111

Gio Trnh PLC 2. Bng lnh ca PLC - S5 (Siemens - Ty c) TT Tn lnh M t 2.1. Cc lnh c bn: (S dng vi khi OB, PB, FB, SB)
2.1.1. Nhm lnh i s logic Bool

1 2 3 4

) A A( AN

Dng ng ngoc biu thc m ngoc trc , lnh ny khng c i tng. n Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO. n Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. n Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO. n Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. n Ni dung ca RLO hin hnh c gn cho i tng n. n Nu ni dung ca RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 0 s c gn cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i. n Nu ni dung RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 1 s c gn cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i. n Ni dung ca i tng lnh (n v byte) c sao chp vo ACCU1 khng ph thuc vo RLO, ni dung trc ca ACCU1 chuyn sang ACCU2. n Np ni dung i tng n (dng m BCD) vo ACCU1 khng ph thuc RLO. n Ni dung ca ACCU1 truyn cho i tng n (n v byte) khng ph thuc RLO, v d truyn cho vng m u ra.

5 6 7

O O( ON

2.1.2. Lnh set, reset

8 9

= R

10 S

2.1.3. Lnh np v truyn

11 L

12 LD 13 T

112

Gio Trnh PLC TT Tn lnh M t

2.1.4 Lnh v thi gian

14 R 15 SD 16 SE 17 SF

T Xo b thi gian nu RLO = 1 B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t, khi RLO v 0 th b thi gian v khng ngay. B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy tr thi gian t, khng ph thuc RLO na. B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO, khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cn duy tr mt khong thi gian bng thi gian t. B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy tr cho n khi t thi gian t (RLO=1), khi RLO =0 th b thi gian v 0 ngay. B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t v khng ph thuc RLO na, n ch v khng khi c lnh xo R. S m gim 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO na. S m tng 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO na. C C Xo b m nu RLO = 1 t b m nu RLO = 1 So snh bng nhau ca hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2 (dng bit) Cng ni dung hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu np vo ACCU1 (lnh ny ch c STL). So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng ACCU1 khng ? So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c nh hn ACCU1 khng ? So snh i tng lnh trong hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem c khc nhau khng ? So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng ACCU1 khng ?

18 SP

19 SS

2.1.5. Lnh ca b m

20 CD 21 CU 22 R 23 S 24 !=F 25 +F 26 <=F 27 <F 28 ><F 29 >=F

2.1.6. Cc lnh ton hc

113

Gio Trnh PLC TT Tn lnh M t So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c ln hn ACCU1 khng ? Tr ni dung thanh ghi ACCU1 vi ni dung thanh ghi ACCU2, kt qu np vo ACCU1 (lnh ny ch c STL). n Gi khi d liu DB, khng ph thuc vo RLO, qut chng trnh khng b gin on, RLO khng b nh hng. To lp hoc xo khi d liu c lp vi RLO. n n Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu RLO =1. Nhy sang lm vic khi n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO khng b nh hng. Lnh kt thc khi. Lnh kt thc c iu kin gia khi (RLO=1) Lnh kt thc khng iu kin gia khi, khng ph thuc RLO. 0 1 M lnh 16 bit trong RAM u bng 0 ( gi ch). M lnh 16 bit trong RAM u bng 1 ( gi ch). Lnh dng cui chng trnh, b PLC i vo trng thi ngh.

30 >F 31 -F

2.1.7. Cc lnh gi khi.

32 C 33 G 34 JC 35 JU

2.1.8. Cc lnh kt thc.

36 BE 37 BEC 38 BEU

2.1.9. Cc lnh khng.

39 NOP 40 NOP 41 STP

2.1.10. Lnh dng

2.2. Cc lnh thay th (ch dng vi khi FB)


2.2.1. Cc lnh i s logic Bool thay th.

42 A= 43 AN= 44 AW 45 DO= 46 O= 47 ON= 48 OW 49 XOR

Lnh AND thay th. Lnh AND o thay th. T hp tng bit theo lut logic AND. Lnh DO thay th. Lnh OR thay th. Lnh OR o thay th. T hp tng bit theo lut logic OR. T hp tng bit theo lut logic OR c bit.

114

Gio Trnh PLC TT Tn lnh M t Lnh xo bt khng iu kin. t mt bit v iu kin. Trc nghim bit cho trng thi tn hiu 1 Trc nghim bit cho trng thi tn hiu 0. Lnh gn thay th. Lnh xo i tng lnh hnh thc. Lnh xo i tng lnh hnh thc dng s. Lnh t i tng lnh hnh thc. Lnh kh thi thay th. Lnh khi ng b thi gian bt u tr hnh thc. Khi ng b thi gian m rng hoc b m. Lnh khi ng b thi gian tt tr hoc b m xung. Lnh khi ng b thi gian xung hnh thc. Lnh khi ng b thi gian bt u tr. Lnh np thay th. Lnh np i tng hnh thc dng c s BCD. Lnh np mu bit ca i tng lnh hnh thc. Lnh truyn i tng lnh hnh thc. Ni dung ACCU1 c chuyn i tng bit mt. B sung cho 2. Dy bit trong ACCU1 dch sang tri. Dy bit trong ACCU1 dch sang phi. Nhy c iu kin (RLO=1) Nhy nu kt qu l m (CC1=0, CC0=1). 115

2.2.2. Cc lnh v bit.

50 RU 51 SU 52 TB 53 TBN 54 == 55 RB= 56 RD= 57 S= 58 FR= 59 SD= 60 SEC= 61 SFD= 62 SP= 63 SSU= 64 L= 65 LD= 66 LW= 67 T= 68 CFW 69 CSW 70 SLW 71 SRW 72 JC= 73 JM=

2.2.3. Lnh set, reset thay th.

2.2.4. Cc lnh v thi gian v m.

2.2.5. Cc lnh np v truyn.

2.2.6. Cc lnh chuyn i.

2.2.7. Cc lnh dch chuyn.

2.2.8. Cc lnh nhy.

Gio Trnh PLC TT Tn lnh Nhy khi c trn. Nhy nu kt qu l dng (CC1=1, CC0=0). Nhy khng iu kin. Nhy nu kt qu l 0 (CC1=0, CC0=0) Gim ni dung trong ACCU1. X l t c hoc t d liu. T C Tc ng vo TIME hoc COUTER c khi khng c bin i sn khi ng b thi gian, t mt b m m ln hoc m xung. Tng ni dung trong ACCU1. Lnh cm ngt. Np min d liu h thng (np min RS... vo ACCU1). Cho php ngt. Lnh cng mt hng s. n n Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu RLO =1. Nhy sang lm vic khi n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO khng b nh hng. Lnh np gin tip thanh ghi. Lnh xo bt khng iu kin. Lnh dng tc khc. t mt bit v iu kin. Lnh trao i ni dung thanh ghi. Lnh truyn gin tip thanh ghi. Lnh truyn mt trng d liu. M t Nhy nu kt qu l (0,0) (CC1=1, CC0=0).

74 JN= 75 JO= 76 JP= 77 JU= 78 JZ= 79 D 80 DO 81 FR

2.2.9. Cc lnh khc.

82 I 83 IA 84 LRS 85 RA 86 ADD 87 JC 88 JU 89 LIR 90 RU 91 STS 92 SU 93 TAK 94 TIR 95 TNB

2.2.10. Nhm lnh h thng.

116

Gio Trnh PLC 3. Bng lnh ca PLC - S7-200 (Siemens - Ty c) TT 1 2 = =I Tn lnh n n M t Gi tr bit u tin trong ngn xp c sao chp sang im n ch dn trong lnh. Gi tr bit u tin trong ngn xp c sao chp trc tip sang im n ch dn ngay khi lnh c thc hin. Gi tr bt u tin ca ngn xp c thc hin bng php tnh AND vi im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu gi tr byte n1 khng ln hn gi tr ca byte n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu gi tr ca hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu gi tr ca hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Lnh AND c thc hin tc thi gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi im n c ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u ca ngn xp. 3.1. Cc lnh thc hin v iu kin

AB<=

n1,n2

AB=

n1,n2

AB>=

n1,n2

AD<=

n1,n2

AD>=

n1,n2

AD=

n1,n2

10

AI

117

Gio Trnh PLC TT 11 Tn lnh ALD M t Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin v ca bit th hai trong ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li trong ngn xp c ko ln mt bit. n Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr nghch o ca im n trong ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin tc thi lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr nghch o ca im n trong ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp.

12

AN

13

ANI

14

AR<=

n1,n2(5)

15

AR=

n1,n2(5)

16

AR>=

n1,n2(5)

17

AW<=

n1,n2

18

AW=

n1,n2

19

AW>=

n1,n2

118

Gio Trnh PLC TT 20 Tn lnh CTU M t

Cxx,PV Khi ng b m tin theo sn ln tn hiu u vo. B m c t li trng thi ban u (Reset) nu u vo R ca b m c kch. Cxx,PV Khi ng b m tin theo sn ln tn hiu u vo th nht v m li theo sn ln tn hiu th hai. B m c t li trng thi ban u (Reset) nu u vo R ca b m c kch. t gi tr logic 1 vo bit u tin ca ngn xp khi xut hin sn xung ca tn hiu. t gi tr logic 1 vo bit u tin ca ngn xp khi xut hin sn ln ca tn hiu. n n1,n2 n1,n2 n1,n2 n1,n2 n1,n2 n n n Np gi tr logic ca im n ch dn trong lnh vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Bit u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Bit u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1= n2. Bit u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Bit u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1= n2. Bit u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic ca tip im n ch dn trong lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Lnh np gi tr logic nghch o ca tip im n ch dn trong lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic nghch o ca tip im n ch dn trong lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.

21

CTUD

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

ED EU LD LDB<= LDB= LDB>= LDD= LDD>= LDI LDN LDNI

33 34 35

LDR<= LDR= LDR>=

n1,n2(5) n1,n2(5) n1,n2(5)

119

Gio Trnh PLC TT 36 37 38 39 Tn lnh LDW<= n1,n2(5) LDW= n1,n2(5) M t Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Ko ni dung ca ngn xp ln mt bit. Gi tr mi ca bit trn l gi tr c ca bit di, su ca ngn xp gim i mt bit. Sao chp gi tr bit u tin trong ngn xp vo bit th hai. Ni dung cn li ca ngn xp b y xung mt bit. Sao chp gi tr ca bit th hai vo bit u tin trong ngn xp. Cc gi tr cn li ca ngn xp gi nguyn.
(1) (2)

LDW>= n1,n2(5) LPP

40

LPS

41

LRD

42 43 44

MEND NOT O

Kt thc phn chng trnh trong mt vng qut. o gi tr ca bit u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp.

45

OB<=

n1,n2

46

OB=

n1,n2

47

OB>=

n1,n2

48

OD<=

n1,n2

120

Gio Trnh PLC TT 49 Tn lnh OD= n1,n2 M t Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin tc thi ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u v bit th hai trong ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li ca ngn xp c chuyn ln mt bit. n Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic nghch o ca im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin tc thi ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic nghch o ca im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu ghi li vo bit u trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u trong ngn xp.

50

OD>=

n1,n2

51

OI

52

OLD

53

ON

54

ONI

55

OR<=

n1,n2(5)

56

OR=

n1,n2(5)

57

OR>=

n1,n2(5)

58

OW<=

n1,n2(5)

121

Gio Trnh PLC TT 59 Tn lnh OW= n1,n2(5) M t Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u trong ngn xp. Lnh thot khi chng trnh con v tr iu khin chng trnh gi n. Lnh thot khi chng trnh x l ngt (interrupt) v tr iu khin chng trnh chnh. Thc hin php nhn hai s thc (32bit) IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Thc hin php chia hai s thc (32bit) IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Thc hin php cng hai s nguyn kiu t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Thc hin php cng hai s nguyn kiu t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Thc hin php cng hai s thc (32bit) IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Thc hin ton t AND gia cc gi tr kiu t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Thc hin ton t AND gia cc gi tr kiu t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Khai bo chng trnh x l ngt INT theo kiu EVENT Bin i mt su k t t m ASCII t v tr IN (kiu byte) vi di LEN (kiu byte) sang m hexa (c s 16) v ghi vo mng k t byte OUT.

60

OW>=

n1,n2(5)

61 62

RET RETI

(1) (3) (4)

(2) (3) (4)

3.2. Cc lnh c iu kin 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 *R /R +D +I +R ANDD ANDW ATCH ATH IN1, IN2(5) IN1, IN2(5) IN1, IN2 IN1, IN2 IN1, IN2
(5)

IN1, IN2 IN1, IN2 INT,


EVENT

IN, OUT, LEN

72

ATT

Ni mt gi tr kiu t DATA (2 byte) vo bng TABLE TABLE.

DATA

122

Gio Trnh PLC TT 73 74 75 Tn lnh BCDI BMB BMW IN IN, M t Bin i mt gi tr t m BCD c di 2 byte sang kiu nguyn. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN.

Sao chp mt mng gm N byte k t v tr u IN OUT,N (byte) vo mng c v tr l OUT (kiu byte) IN, Sao chp mt mng t (2 byte) vi di N (1 byte) OUT,N v v tr u IN (2 byte) vo mng c v tr u OUT (2 byte).

76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84

CALL CRET CRETI -D DECD DECO DECW DISI DIV

n (1) (6)
(1)(3)(4)

Gi chng trnh con c nh nhn n. Kt thc mt chng trnh con v tr iu khin v chng trnh gi n. Kt thc mt chng trnh x l ngt v tr iu khin v chng trnh chnh. Thc hin php tr hai s nguyn kiu t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Gim gi tr ca t kp IN i mt n v. Gii m gi tr ca mt byte IN sau gn gi tr 1 vo bit ca t OUT (2 byte) c ch s l IN. Gim gi tr ca t IN i mt n v. V hiu ho tt c cc ngt (interrupt). Chia s nguyn 16 bit, c xc nh l t thp ca IN2 (kiu t kp), cho IN1 kiu t. Kt qu c ghi li vo t IN2. Chuyn i mt s nguyn 32 bit IN c du sang thnh mt s thc 32 bit OUT. Chuyn i ch s ca bit thp nht c gi tr logic 1 trong t IN sang thnh mt s nguyn v ghi vo bit cui ca byte OUT. t tt c cc ngt vo ch tch cc. Ly gi tr c cho vo u tin ra khi bng v chuyn n n vng d liu DATA c ch dn trong lnh.

(2)(3)(4)

IN1, IN2 IN IN, OUT IN


(1)

IN1, IN2

85 86 87

DTCH DTR ENCO

EVENT V hiu ho mt ngt kiu EVENT.

IN, OUT(5) IN, OUI


(1)

88 89

ENI FIFO

TABLE, DATA(5)

90

FILL

IN, gi tr t IN vo mt mng nh gm N t (N c OUT,N kiu byte) bt u t v tr OUT (kiu t). 123

Gio Trnh PLC TT 91 Tn lnh FND< SRC, M t

Xc nh v tr nh trong bng SRC (kiu t), k t PATRR cho bi INDX (kiu t, =0 nu t u bng ) m INDX(5) gi tr nh hn gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t). SRC, Xc nh v tr nh trong bng SRC (kiu t), k t
PATRR cho bi INDX (kiu t, =0 nu t u bng ) m INDX(5) gi tr khc gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t).

92

FND<>

93

FND=

Xc nh v tr nh trong bng SRC (kiu t), k t PATRR cho bi INDX (kiu t, =0 nu t u bng) m INDX(5) gi tr bng gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t). SRC, Xc nh v tr nh trong bng SRC (kiu t), k t
PATRR cho bi INDX (kiu t, =0 nu t u bng) m INDX(5) gi tr ln hn gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t).

SRC,

94

FND>

95

FOR

INDEX
INITIAL
FINAL(1)5

Thc hin cc lnh nm gia FOR v NEXT theo kiu xoay vng vi b m s vng INDEX (kiu t), bt u t vng s INITIAL (kiu t) v kt thc ti vng FINAL (t). Xc nh kiu thut ton MODE cho b m tc cao HSC (byte). a b m tc cao s n vo trng thi tch cc. Chuyn i mt s h hexa IN (kiu byte) thnh dy k t m ASCII v ghi vo mng byte bt u bng byte OUT vi d di LEN (kiu byte). Thc hin php tr hai s nguyn kiu t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Chuyn i gi tr nguyn IN (kiu t) thnh gi tr BCD v ghi li vo IN. Tng gi tr ca t kp IN ln mt n v. Tng gi tr ca t IN ln mt n v. Khai bo nhn n cho chng trnh x l ngt. Ly phn b kiu mt (o gi tr logic ca cc bit) ca mt t kp IN v ghi li vo IN. Chuyn iu khin vo nh nh bng nhn xx trong chng trnh c khai bo bi lnh LBL. t nhn xx trong chng trnh, nh hng cho lnh nhy JMP.

96 97 98

HDEF HSC HTA

HSC,
MODE(1)

n IN, OUT, LEN IN1, IN2 IN IN IN n(1)(2)(4) IN xx xx

99

-I

100 IBCD 101 INCD 102 INCW 103 INT 104 INVD 105 JMP 106 LBL

124

Gio Trnh PLC TT Tn lnh


TABLE, DATA(5)

M t Ly gi tr c cho vo bng sau cng ra khi bng TABLE v chuyn n n vng d liu DATA (kiu t). Sao gi tr ca byte IN sang byte OUT. Sao gi tr ca t kp IN sang t kp OUT. Sao s thc IN sang OUT. Sao gi tr ca t IN sang t OUT. Nhn hai s nguyn 16 bit IN1 vi hai byte thp ca s nguyn 32 bit IN2 sau ghi li kt qu vo IN2. Khi to truyn thng c d liu t ngoi vi qua Khi to truyn thng ghi d liu ca bng Lnh kt thc vng lp FOR ... NEXT. Lnh rng. Thc hin ton t OR cho hai t kp IN1 v IN2, sau ghi kt qu li vo IN2. Thc hin ton t OR cho hai t IN1 v IN2, sau ghi kt qu li vo IN2. a b pht xung nhanh c nh ngha trong b nh c bit vo trng thi tch cc. Xung c a ra cng Qx.x. Xo mt mng gm n bit k t a ch S_BIT (kiu bit). Thc hin php tr hai s thc (32bit) IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Xo tc thi mt mng gm n bit k t a ch S_BIT. Quay trn t kp IN sang tri n bit. Quay trn t IN sang tri n bit. Quay trn t kp IN sang phi n bit.

107 LIFO

108 MOVB 109 MOVD 110 MOVR

IN, OUT IN, OUT IN, OUT(5)

111 MOVW IN, OUT 112 MUL 113 NETR 114 NETW 115 NEXT 116 NOP 117 ORD 118 ORW 119 PLS IN1, IN2 IN1, IN2 xx(5) IN1, IN2
TABLE, TABLE,
(1)(5)(7)

PORT(5) cng PORT vo bng TABLE.

PORT(5) TABLE ra ngoi vi qua cng PORT.

120 R 121 -R 122 RI 123 RLD 124 RLW 125 RRD

S_BIT,n

IN1, IN2(5)
S_BIT,n

IN, n IN, n IN, n

125

Gio Trnh PLC TT 127 S 128 SBR 129 SEG Tn lnh IN, n
S_BIT,n

M t Quay trn t IN sang phi n bit. t gi tr logic 1 vo mt mng n bit k t a ch S_BIT. Khai bo nhn n cho chng trnh con. Chuyn i gi tr ca 4 bit thp trong byte IN sang thnh m tng ng cho thanh ghi 7 nt v ghi vo OUT

126 RRW

n(1)(2)(4) IN, OUT

130 SHRB

DATA, Dch thanh ghi gm n bit c bit thp nht l S_BIT S_BIT,n sang tri nu n>0, hoc sang phi nu n<0. Gi tr ca bit DATA c a vo bit trng ca thanh ghi sau khi dch (bit S_BIT nu n>0, hoc bit S_BIT nu n<0)
S_BIT,n

131 SI 132 SLD 133 SLW 134 SQRT 135 SRD 136 SRW 137 STOP 138 SWAP 139 TODR 140 TODW 141 TON

t tc thi gi tr logic 1 vo mng n bit k t bit S_BIT. Dch t kp IN sang tri mt bit. Dch t IN sang tri mt bit. Ly cn bc hai ca s thc 32 bit IN v ghi kt qu vo OUT (32bit). Dch t kp IN sang phi mt bit. Dch t IN sang phi mt bit. Dng mm chng trnh. i ch hai bit u tin v cui cng ca byte IN cho nhau. c gi v ngy thng sau hin thi t ng h v ghi vo b m 8 byte u l T. Ghi vo ng h gi tr thi gian, ngy, thng t b m 8 byte vi byte u l T. Khi ng b pht thi gian tr Txx vi thi gian tr t trc l tch ca PT (kiu t) v phn gii ca b thi gian Txx c chn. Khi ng b pht thi gian tr c nh Txx vi thi gian tr t trc l tch ca PT (kiu t) v phn gii ca b thi gian Txx c chn. Chuyn i mt s thc 32 bit IN thnh mt s nguyn 32 bit c u v ghi vo OUT. t chun li b pht xung kim tra.

IN,n IN,n IN, OUT(5) IN,n IN,n IN T(5) T(5) Txx, PT Txx, PT

142 TONR

143 TRUNG IN, OUT(5) 144 WDR

126

Gio Trnh PLC TT Tn lnh


TABLE, PORT

M t Truyn ni dung ca bng TABLE n cng PORT. Thc hin ton t exclusive OR cho cc bit ca hai t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Thc hin ton t exclusive OR cho cc bit ca hai t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.

145 XMT 146 XORD 147 XORW


(1)

IN1, IN2 IN1, IN2

Nhng lnh khng thc hin c trong chng trnh x l ngt. Lnh INT ch c th l lnh bt u ca chng trnh x l ngt. Nhng lnh khng thc hin c trong chng trnh con. Lnh SBR ch c th l lnh bt u ca chng trnh con. Nhng lnh c km chc nng ghi li ni dung ca ngn xp trc . Nhng lnh khng s dng c trong chng trnh chnh. Nhng lnh ch c trong CPU 214. Ghi nh li ni dung tc thi ca ngn xp. t TOS ln 1 v gn gi tr logic 0 vo cc bit cn li ca ngn xp. t TOS ln 1.

(2)

(3) (4) (5) (6)

(7)

127

Gio Trnh PLC 4. Bng lnh ca PLC - S7-300 (Siemens-Ty c) TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 + = ) +AR1 +AR2 +D -D *D /D ==D <>D >D <D >=D <=D +I -I n n Tn lnh n n M t Cng vi hng s c vit im n. Ni dung ca RLO hin hnh c gn cho i tng n. Dng ng ngoc biu thc m ngoc trc , lnh ny khng c i tng. Cng ni dung ca ACCU1 hoc ni dung ti con tr n vi ni dung c a ch thanh ghi 1. Cng ni dung ca ACCU1 hoc ni dung ti con tr n vi ni dung c a ch thanh ghi 2. Cng 2 s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU 1. Tr s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. Nhn 2 s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1. Chia s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. So snh hai s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 c bng nhau khng. So snh hai s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem c khc nhau khng. So snh s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 c ln hn s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 khng. So snh s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 c nh hn s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 khng. So snh s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 khng. So snh s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 khng. Cng 2 s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1. Tr s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.

128

Gio Trnh PLC TT 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 *I /I ==I <>I >I <I >=I <=I +R -R *R /R ==R <>R >R <R >=R <=R Tn lnh M t Nhn 2 s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1. Chia s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. So snh hai s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 c bng nhau khng. So snh hai s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem c khc nhau khng. So snh s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 c ln hn s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 khng. So snh s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 c nh hn s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 khng. So snh s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 khng. So snh s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 khng. Cng 2 s thc 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1. Tr s thc 32 bit ACCU2 cho s thc 32 bit ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. Nhn 2 s thc 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1. Chia s thc 32 bit ACCU2 cho s thc 32 bit ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. So snh hai s thc 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 c bng nhau khng. So snh hai s thc 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem c khc nhau khng. So snh s thc 32 bit ACCU2 c ln hn s thc 32 bit ACCU1 khng. So snh s thc 32 bit ACCU2 c nh hn s thc 32 bit ACCU1 khng. So snh s thc 32 bit ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng s thc 32 bit ACCU1 khng. So snh s thc 32 bit ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng s thc 32 bit ACCU1 khng. 129

Gio Trnh PLC TT 36 A Tn lnh n M t Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO. Ly gi tr tuyt i ca s thc 32 bit. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1 (32 bit). n Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca biu thc trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1 (16 bit). Lnh kt thc c iu kin gia khi (RLO=1) Lnh kt thc khi khng iu kin, khng ph thuc RLO. Hin th lnh ca chng trnh. Chuyn s dng m BCD sang s nguyn 32 bit. Chuyn s dng m BCD sang s nguyn 16 bit. i th t byte trong ACCU1 (32 bit). Chuyn ni dung thanh ghi 1 vi ni dung thanh ghi 2. i th t byte trong ACCU1 (16 bit) Lnh gi khi. Lnh gi khi c iu kin. S m gim 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO na. Chuyn khi d liu chung thnh khi d liu ring. Xo RLO (RLO = 0) S m tng 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO na.

37

A(

38 39 40

ABS AD AN

41

AN(

42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56

AW BEC BEU BLD BTD BTI CAD CAR CAW CALL CC CD CDB CLR CU

130

Gio Trnh PLC TT 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 Tn lnh DEC DTB DTR FN FP FR FR INC INVD INVI ITB ITD JBI JC JCB JCN JL JM JMZ JN JNB JNBI JO JOS JP JPZ n n n n n n n n n T C M t Gim ni dung trong ACCU1 i mt n v. i s nguyn 32 bit thnh s dng m BCD. i s nguyn 32 bit thnh s thc. Chn ly sn m ca RLO. Chn ly sn dng ca RLO. Khi to b thi gian TIME c khi khng c bin i sn khi ng b thi gian. Khi to b m COUTER c khi khng c bin i sn t mt b m m ln hoc m xung. Tng s trong ACCU1 ln mt n v. Ly phn b mt ca s nguyn 32 bit. Ly phn b mt ca s nguyn 16 bit. i s nguyn 16 bit thnh s dng m BCD. i s nguyn 16 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit. Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu BR = 1. Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO =1. Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO =1 v BR = 1. Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO =0. Nhy n nhn ghi n. Nhy nu kt qu l m (CC1 = 0, CC0 = 1). Nhy nu kt qu l m hoc bng khng (CC1 = 0 hoc 0, CC0 = 0 hoc 1). Nhy nu kt qu l khc khng (CC1 = 1 hoc 0, CC0 = 0 hoc 1). Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO =0 v BR = 0. Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu BR = 0. Nhy sang lm vic nhn nu VO = 1. Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu OS = 0. Nhy nu kt qu l dng (CC1 = 1, CC0 = 0). Nhy nu kt qu l ln hn hoc bng khng (CC1 = 0 hoc 1, CC0 = 0 hoc 0).

131

Gio Trnh PLC TT 83 84 85 86 JU JUO JZ L n Tn lnh n M t Nhy sang lm vic nhn n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO khng b nh hng. Nhy nu (CC1 = 1, CC0 = 1). Nhy nu kt qu l khng (CC1 = 0, CC0 = 0). Ni dung ca i tng lnh (n v byte) c sao chp vo ACCU1 khng ph thuc vo RLO, ni dung trc ca ACCU1 chuyn sang ACCU2. Np gi tr tc thi (s nguyn) ca b m vo ACCU1 Np gi tr tc thi (s nguyn) ca b thi gian vo ACCU1.

87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

L L L L L L L LAR1 LAR1 LAR1 LAR1 LAR2 LAR2

C T

DBLG Np di ca khi d liu DB vo ACCU1. DBNO Np s ca khi d liu DB vo ACCU1. DILG DINO STW n AR2 P# Np di ca khi d liu DI vo ACCU1. Np s ca khi d liu DI vo ACCU1. Np t trng thi vo ACCU1. Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t ACCU1. Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t v tr n ghi trong lnh. Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t thanh ghi 2. Np vo thanh ghi 1 t a ch ti con tr (s thc kp). Np a ch vo thanh ghi 2 t ACCU1. n P# C T n Np a ch vo thanh ghi 2 t v tr n ghi trong lnh. Np vo thanh ghi 2 t a ch ti con tr (s thc kp). Np s m hin thi dng m BCD vo ACCU1. Np gi tr thi gian hin thi dng m BCD vo ACCU1. Lp li t nhn n. Ct kt qu ca php tnh logic vo vng MCR. Kt thc vng MCR. Kch hot vng MCR. Thi kch hot vng MCR. 132

100 LAR2 101 LC 102 LC 103 LOOP 104 MCR( 105 )MCR 106 MCRA 107 MCRD

Gio Trnh PLC TT Tn lnh M t Php chia ly phn d ca s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. Ly s b hai ca s nguyn 32 bit. Ly s b hai ca s nguyn 16 bit. Ly du m cho s thc 32 bit. M lnh 16 bit trong RAM u bng 0 ( gi ch). M lnh 16 bit trong RAM u bng 1 ( gi ch). t trng thi khng cho RLO. n Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1 (32 bit). n Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO. M khi d liu. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1 (16 bit). Chuyn ni dung ACCU2 sang ACCU1. Chuyn ni dung ACCU1 sang ACCU2. n Nu ni dung ca RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 0 s c gn cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i. Xo b thi gian nu RLO = 1 Xo b m nu RLO = 1 Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang tri n bit.

108 MOD 109 NEGD 110 NEGI 111 NEGR 112 NOP 0 113 NOP 1 114 NOT 115 O

116 O(

117 OD 118 ON

119 ON(

120 OPN 121 OW 122 POP 123 PUSH 124 R

125 R 126 R 127 RLD

T C n

133

Gio Trnh PLC TT Tn lnh M t Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang tri 1 bit qua CC 1. i s thc 32 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit (b phn thp phn). i s thc 32 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit, nu l s dng th lm trn tng, l s m th b phn thp phn. i s thc 32 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit, nu l s m th lm trn tng, l s dng th b phn thp phn. n n Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang phi n bit. Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang phi 1 bit qua CC 1. Nu ni dung RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 1 s c gn cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i. t b m nu RLO = 1 Ct kt qu ca php tnh logic vo thanh ghi BR. B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t, khi RLO v 0 th b thi gian v khng ngay. B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy tr thi gian t, khng ph thuc RLO na. t RLO =1 B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO, khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cn duy tr mt khong thi gian bng thi gian t. n n Dch t kp trong ACCU1 sang tri n bit hoc s bit dch c np vo ACCU2. Dch t n trong ACCU1 sang tri n bit hoc s bit dch c np vo ACCU2. B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy tr cho n khi t thi gian t (RLO=1), khi RLO =0 th b thi gian v 0 ngay. n Dch t kp trong ACCU1 sang phi n bit hoc s bit dch c np vo ACCU2.

128 RLDA 129 RND 130 RND+

131 RND-

132 RRD 133 RRDA 134 S

135 S 136 SAVE 137 SD

138 SE

139 SET 140 SF

141 SLD 142 SLW 143 SP

144 SRD

134

Gio Trnh PLC TT Tn lnh n M t Dch t n trong ACCU1 sang phi n bit hoc s bit dch c np vo ACCU2. B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t v khng ph thuc RLO na, n ch v khng khi c lnh xo R. n Dch s nguyn 32 bit trong ACCU1 sang phi n bit hoc s bit dch c np vo ACCU2, cc bit trng c chn bit du ca s nguyn. Dch s nguyn 16 bit trong ACCU1 sang phi n bit hoc s bit dch c np vo ACCU2, cc bit trng c chn bit du ca s nguyn. Ni dung ca ACCU1 truyn cho i tng n (n v byte) khng ph thuc RLO, v d truyn cho vng m u ra. Truyn t trng thi ti ACCU1. Lnh trao i ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2. Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n ACCU1. n AR2 n Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n v tr c ch trong lnh. Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n thanh ghi 2. Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 2 n ACCU1. Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 2 n v tr c ch trong lnh. Chuyn s thc 32 bit trong ACCU1 thnh s nguyn 32 bit c du. Lnh gi khi khng iu kin. n Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO. n Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca im n, kt qu ghi vo RLO. 135

145 SRW 146 SS

147 SSD

148 SSI

149 T

150 T 151 TAK 152 TAR1 153 TAR1 154 TAR1 155 TAR2 156 TAR2 157 TRUNC 158 UC 159 X

STW

160 X(

161 XN

Gio Trnh PLC TT Tn lnh M t Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia cc bit ca hai t kp. Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia cc bit ca hai t n.

162 XN(

163 XOD 164 XOW

136

Gio Trnh PLC

A B C CD

D T4

KT N5

RN1 RN2

KN T 5 T1 T2 T3 N1 N2 N3 N4

RN2

RN1

C
Hnh 2.1

A B C CD

D P1 P2
KT1 KN1

P
N5

KT2 KN2

RN1 RN2

T4
KN3

T1 T2 T3

N1 N2 N3
KT3

N4

T5

RN2

RN1

P3

KT KN

Hnh 2.2

137

Gio Trnh PLC

D A B C

KT1

KN1

N5

T4
KT2 KN2

T1

N1

S1 T6 N6

N4 Tg1 Tg2

T5

N S

5
S5

4 6
Hnh 2.3

Tg

K1 K2 K3
RN2 RN1

RN2 RN1

K4 K5 2K3 1Tg

C
2K1 1K1 2K2 R1 1K2 R2

1T
1K

1K3 2Tg

2T
2K

2K4
Hnh 2.4

138

Gio Trnh PLC

A B

H1 H2
R

1S1 2S 3S K5
RN2 RN1 5

KC K4 K5
3 4 1 2

RN2 RN1

1S
3S1

2S 3S 1K

2S1

C
2K1 1K1 2K2 r1 1K2 r2

7 9 11

8 10

1K
12

2K
1Tg 2Tg

2S 3S

a,
3 2 3 2 1 0 1

KC

c,

1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12

1 2 3

2S

3S

1Tg

2Tg

b,
Hnh 2.5

2K1

1K1 r2 K1

D K2 K3

K RN

C
H1 Rh

r1 RN

K
1Tg

2Tg

3Tg1 1K2 K4 1Tg1 2Tg1

1K 2K 3Tg

a,

b,
Hnh 2.6

139

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