Oracle Architecture Overview

Oracle Architecture
The Oracle Server
O rac le s er ve r

Oracle Architecture
Instance Architecture
Instance SGA
Shared pool
Library Cache Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer Data Dictionary Cache

DBWR

LGWR

S O!

" O!

ARCn

R#CO

C$"%

LC$n

S!"n

Dnnn

Snnn

Oracle Architecture
Instance
An

Oracle instance:

Is a means to access an Oracle data!ase Always o"ens one and only one data!ase
#onsists

o$:

Internal memory structures %rocesses

Oracle Architecture

Interaction with the &ata!ase ' &edicated Server (

C$"% S O! " O!

SGA
Shared S'L "ool Database Buffer Cache Redo log Buffer

Re&uest

Response

DBW R Dedicated Server

LGW R

ARCn

)ser "rocess Database (iles Redo Log (iles

Oracle Architecture

Interaction with the &ata!ase ' Shared Server (

C$"% S O! " O!

SGA
Shared S'L "ool Database Buffer Cache Redo log Buffer

Re&uest

Response

Dedicated Dedicated Server Shared Server Servers

DBWR

LGWR

ARCn

Dispatcher

)ser )ser "rocess )ser "rocess )ser "rocess )ser "rocess "rocess

Database (iles

Redo Log (iles

Oracle Architecture

Internal Memory Structures S)A

System or *shared+ )lo!al Area 'S)A(
&ata!ase !u$$er cache ,edo log !u$$er Shared "ool ,e-uest . res"onse -ueues 'shared server(

Oracle Architecture
&ata!ase !u$$er cache

/sed to hold data !locks read $rom data$iles !y server "rocesses #ontains *dirty+ or modi$ied !locks and *clean+ or unused or unchanged !ocks *&irty+ and *clean+ !locks are managed in lists called the dirty list and the 0,/ 1ree s"ace is created !y &B2, writing out *dirty+ !locks or aging out !locks $rom the 0,/ Si3e is managed !y the "arameter &B4B0O#54B/116,S

Oracle Architecture
0,/

0east ,ecently /sed '0,/(

and the data!ase !u$$er cache

6very time a data !lock is read $rom disk it is "laced in the data!ase !u$$er cache at the head o$ the 0,/ list I$ a !lock is already in the cache and it is read again it is moved to the head o$ the list &ata not used $re-uently is *aged+ out o$ the cache while $re-uently used data remains

Oracle Architecture
,edo 0og Bu$$er
A

circular !u$$er that contains redo entries

,edo entries re$lect changes made to the data!ase

,edo

entries take u" contiguous7 se-uential s"ace in the !u$$er &ata stored in the redo log !u$$er is "eriodically written to the online redo log $iles Si3e is managed !y the "arameter 0O)4B/116,
&e$ault is 8 times the ma9imum data !lock si3e $or the o"erating system

Oracle Architecture
Shared %ool

#onsists o$ multi"le smaller memory areas

0i!rary cache

Shared S:0 area

#ontains "arsed S:0 and e9ecution "lans $or statements already run against the data!ase

%rocedure and "ackage storage

&ictionary cache
;ames o$ all ta!les and views in the data!ase ;ames and dataty"es o$ columns in the data!ase ta!les %rivileges o$ all users

Managed via an 0,/ algorithm Si3e determined !y the "arameter S<A,6&4%OO04SI=6

Oracle Architecture
0,/

0east ,ecently /sed '0,/(

and the shared "ool
6very time a S:0 statement is "arsed it is "laced in the shared "ool $or reuse I$ a S:0 statement is already in the shared "ool it will not re-"arse !ut it is "laced at the head o$ the 0,/ S:0 statements not used $re-uently are *aged+ out o$ the shared "ool while $re-uently used statements remain A S:0 statement may !e arti$icially retained at the head o$ the 0,/ !y *"inning+ the statement

Oracle Architecture

Internal Memory Structures %)A

%rogram or *"rocess+ )lo!al Area '%)A(
/sed $or a single "rocess ;ot sharea!le with other "rocesses 2rita!le only !y the server "rocess Allocated when a "rocess is created and deallocated when a "rocess is terminated #ontains:
Sort

area /sed $or any sorts re-uired !y S:0 "rocessing Session in$ormation Includes user "rivileges #ursor state Indicates stage o$ S:0 "rocessing Stack s"ace #ontains session varia!les

Oracle Architecture
2rites

Background %rocesses - &B2,

contents o$ data!ase !u$$ers to data$iles %rimary >o! is to kee" the data!ase !u$$er *clean+ 2rites least recently used '0,/( *dirty+ !u$$ers to disk $irst 2rites to data$iles in o"timal !atch writes Only "rocess that writes directly to data$iles Mandatory "rocess

Oracle Architecture
&B2,

Background %rocesses - &B2,

writes to disk when:

A server "rocess cannot $ind a clean reusa!le !u$$er A timeout occurs '? sec( A check"oint occurs &B2, cannot write out *dirty+ !u$$ers !e$ore they have !een written to the online redo log $iles

Oracle Architecture
#ommit #ommand

The S:0 command CO I% allows users to save transactions that have !een made against a data!ase. This $unctionality is availa!le $or any )"DA%#* I!S#R%* or D#L#%# transaction@ it is not availa!le $or changes to data!ase o!>ects 'such as AL%#R %ABL# commands(

Oracle Architecture
2rites

Background %rocesses - 0)2,

contents o$ redo log !u$$ers to online redo log $iles %rimary >o! is to kee" the redo log !u$$er *clean+ 2rites out redo log !u$$er !locks se-uentially to the redo log $iles May write multi"le redo entries "er write during high utili3ation "eriods Mandatory "rocess

Oracle Architecture
0)2,

Background %rocesses - 0)2,

writes to disk when:

A transaction is #OMMIT6& A timeout occurs '? sec( The redo log !u$$er is AB? $ull There is more than A mega!yte o$ redo entries Be$ore &B2, writes out *dirty+ !locks to data$iles

Oracle Architecture
%er$orms

Background %rocesses - SMO;

automatic instance recovery ,eclaims s"ace used !y tem"orary segments no longer in use Merges contiguous areas o$ $ree s"ace in the data$iles 'i$ %#TI;#,6AS6 C D( SMO; *wakes u"+ regularly to check whether it is needed or it may !e called directly Mandatory "rocess

Oracle Architecture
SMO;

Background %rocesses - SMO;

recovers transactions marked as &6A& within the instance during instance recovery
All non committed work will !e rolled !ack !y SMO; in the event o$ server $ailure SMO; makes multi"le "asses through &6A& transactions and only a""lies a s"eci$ied num!er o$ undo records "er "ass7 this "revents short transactions having to wait $or long transactions to recover
SMO;

"rimarily cleans u" server-side $ailures

Oracle Architecture
%er$orms

Background %rocesses - %MO;

automatic "rocess recovery
#leans u" a!normally terminated connections ,olls !ack non committed transactions ,eleases resources held !y a!normally terminated transactions
,estarts

$ailed shared server and dis"atcher "rocesses %MO; *wakes u"+ regularly to check whether it is needed or it may !e called directly Mandatory "rocess

Oracle Architecture
&etects

Background %rocesses - %MO;

!oth user and server a!orted data!ase "rocesses Automatically resolves a!orted "rocesses
%MO; rolls !ack the current transaction o$ the a!orted "rocess ,eleases resources used !y the "rocess I$ the "rocess is a !ackground "rocess the instance most likely cannot continue and will !e shut down
%MO;

"rimarily cleans u" client-side $ailures

Oracle Architecture

Background %rocesses - #5%T

1orces all modi$ied data in the S)A to !e written to data$ile
Occurs whether or not the data has !een committed #5%T does not actually write out !u$$er data only &B2, can write to the data$iles

/"dates the data$ile headers

This ensures all data$iles are synchroni3ed

<el"s reduce the amount o$ time needed to "er$orm instance recovery 1re-uency can !e ad>usted with "arameters

Oracle Architecture
Automatically

Background %rocesses - A,#<

co"ies online redo log $iles to designated storage once they have !ecome $ull

Oracle Architecture
Server %rocesses
Services

a single user "rocess in the dedicated server con$iguration or many user "rocesses in the shared server con$iguration /se an e9clusive %)A Include the Oracle %rogram Inter$ace 'O%I( %rocess calls generated !y the client ,eturn results to the client in the dedicated server con$iguration or to the dis"atcher in the shared server con$iguration

Oracle Architecture
/ser %rocesses
,un

on the client machine Are s"awned when a tool or an a""lication is invoked

S:0E%lus7 Server Manager7 Oracle 6nter"rise Manager7 &evelo"erBFDDD #ustom a""lications
Include

the /ser %rogram Inter$ace '/%I( )enerate calls to the Oracle server

Oracle Architecture

Transaction 69am"le - /"date

C$"% S O! " O!

Rollbac+ Seg,ent Shared "ool

SGA
Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer

. Dedicated Server

DBW R

LGWR

)"DA%# table S#% user / 0S1I"#R%2 W1#R# id / -.345

)ser "rocess

Database (iles

Redo Log (iles

Oracle Architecture

Transaction 69am"le - /"date

C$"% S O! " O!

Rollbac+ Seg,ent Shared "ool

SGA
Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer

Dedicated Server

DBW R

LGWR

)ser "rocess

Database (iles

Redo Log (iles

Oracle Architecture

Transaction 69am"le - /"date

C$"% S O! " O!

Rollbac+ Seg,ent Shared "ool

SGA
Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer

4 Dedicated Server DBW R LGWR

)ser "rocess

Database (iles

Redo Log (iles

Oracle Architecture

Transaction 69am"le - /"date

C$"% S O! " O!

Rollbac+ Seg,ent Shared "ool

SGA
Database Buffer Cache 5 Redo Log Buffer

Dedicated Server

DBW R

LGWR

)ser "rocess

Database (iles

Redo Log (iles

Oracle Architecture
C$"%

Transaction 69am"le - /"date

S O! " O!

Rollbac+ Seg,ent Shared "ool 6

SGA
Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer

Dedicated Server

DBWR

LGWR

)ser "rocess

Database (iles

Redo Log (iles

Oracle Architecture
C$"%

Transaction 69am"le - /"date

S O! " O!

Rollbac+ Seg,ent Shared "ool

SGA
Database Buffer Cache

7 Redo Log Buffer

Dedicated Server

DBWR

LGWR

)ser "rocess

Database (iles

Redo Log (iles

Oracle Architecture
C$"%

Transaction 69am"le - /"date

S O! " O!

Rollbac+ Seg,ent Shared "ool

SGA
Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer

Dedicated Server

DBWR

LGWR

- ROW )"DA%#D
)ser "rocess

Database (iles

Redo Log (iles

Oracle Architecture
C$"%

Transaction 69am"le - /"date

S O! " O!

Rollbac+ Seg,ent Shared "ool

SGA
Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer

Dedicated Server

DBWR

LGWR

CO

I%
)ser "rocess

-9

Database (iles

Redo Log (iles

Oracle Architecture
C$"%

Transaction 69am"le - /"date

S O! " O!

Rollbac+ Seg,ent Shared "ool

SGA
Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer

Dedicated Server

DBWR

LGWR

CO I% S)CC#SS()L
)ser "rocess

--

Database (iles

Redo Log (iles

Oracle Architecture
C$"%

Transaction 69am"le - /"date

S O! " O!

Rollbac+ Seg,ent Shared "ool

SGA
Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer

-.

DBWR

LGWR

Database (iles

Redo Log (iles