Hng dn gii Bi Tp Ha Phn Tich .

Khoa Cng ngh Ha Hc

CHNG 7: PHNG PHP KHI LNG

7.1. Nu cc yu cu i vi phn ng kt ta dng trong phn tch khi lng.
7.2. Nu cc yu cu i vi dng kt ta v dng cn.
a/ Dng kt ta:
Phi l cht kh tan. Tch s tan phi nh cho phn ng kt ta xy ra mt
cch nh lng.
Kt ta to thnh phi d lc, d ra. Sau khi ra th tr nn tinh khit.
Dng kt ta phi chuyn thnh dng cn d dng v hon ton khi sy hoc
nung.
Dng kt ta c th cha nhng cht khc m chng bay hi khi x l nhit.
b/ Dng cn
C thnh phn ha hc thc t ng vi cng thc ha hc. iu ny m bo
ng ca phng php khi lng.
Tinh khit.
Dng cn phi bn v v mt ha hc (trong khng kh khng b ht m, khng
tc dng vi oxy v kh CO2, khng b phn hy do tc dng ca nh sng trong qu
trnh lm ngui v cn).
Phn t lng dng cn cng ln cng tt.
Hm lng ca nguyn t xc nh trong dng cn cng nh cng tt (iu ny
nhm lm gim n mc thp nht nh hng ca cc sai s thc nghim n kt qu
cui cng. Chng hn khi nh dng crm di dng crm oxyt Cr2O3 th sai s do mt
1mg kt ta khi phn tch ng vi s mt 2Cr/Cr2O3.1= 104/152 = 0,7mg Cr).
Cn khi xc nh crom dng BaCrO4 th lng mt tng ng ca crom l:
Cr/ BaCrO4.1= 53/253,3 = 0,2mg Cr.
Nh vy vic s dng BaCrO4 lm dng cn tt hn Cr2O3.
7.3. nh lng Canxi th dng cn no sau y cho kt qu tt hn : CaC2O4; CaO;
CaSO4 ; CaF2 ( ngha l vi mt lng mu cho s cho s thu c khi lng dng
cn ln nht)
MCaC2O4 = 128; MCaO = 56; MCaSO4 = 136; MCaF2 = 61
Do trong c 4 dng cn u ch c 1 nguyn t Ca Dng no c khi lng phn
t ln hn s cho kt qu c sai s b hn. V CaSO4 c phn t lng ln nht.
Tuy nhin do pKCaSO4 = 5.04, cn pKCaC2O4 = 8.64. Nn cn c vo iu kin ca
dng kt ta th kt ta phi c tch s tan cng b th phn ng cng nh lng, V
th nh lng Canxi th nn chn dng cn CaC2O4
7.4. Chun ha dung dch H2SO4 bng phng php khi lng bng cch lm kt ta
ion SO42- di dng BaSO4. Bit rng 50,00 ml dung dch axit cho ta 405,6 mg BaSO4.
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Hng dn gii Bi Tp Ha Phn Tich . Khoa Cng ngh Ha Hc

Tnh nng mol/lt ca H2SO4

Khi lng dng cn BaSO4 a mg thu c t Vmu l: 405,6 mg => 405.6 * 10-3 g
Khi lng dng cn xc nh (g) trong Vmu : a* 10-3 * F = a* 10-3 * MH2SO4 / MBaSO4
= a* 10-3 / MBaSO4

S mol H2SO4trong Vmu

Nng mol/lt ca H2SO4 = (a* 10-3 / MBaSO4) * (1000/ Vmu)

= (405.6 * 10-3 * 1000): (233* 50) = 0,0348mol/l
7.5. Nc bin cha 885 ppm S di dng SO42-. Tnh khi lng BaSO4 c th thu
c t 1kg nc bin.
Nc bin cha 885 ppm S 1kg nc bin c 885mg S 1kg nc bin c
885* (233/32)mg BaSO4 = 6443.9 mg =6.44 g BaSO4
7.6. Tnh th tch BaCl2 0,0600M cn dng lm kt ta ion SO42- t dung dch thu
c khi ha tan 1,010 g mu cha 20% S (di dng SO42-). Cn phi dng d 20%
thuc th so vi lung tnh theo l thuyt.
Pt phn ng : SO42- + Ba2+ = BaSO4
Gi % S c trong mu l P (%)
S g S c trong m g mu l m*P/100
S g BaSO4 thu c t mu : (m*P/100)* (233/32)
S mol BaCl2 phn ng va vi SO42- to ra s g BSO4 tnh c trn
(m*P/100)* (233/32)* (1/233) =(m*P/100)*(1/32)
S ml dd BaCl2 0.06M BaCl2 phn ng va vi SO42- to ra s g BSO4 tnh c
trn: =(m*P/100)*(1/32)* (1000/CMBaCl2) = (1,010 *20/100)*(1/32)* (1000/0.06)
=105.21ml
S ml dd cn s dng c d 20% so vi l thuyt : 126.25 ml
7.7. T 0,5606g qung km ta thu c 0,7506g Cd2P2O7 v Zn2P2O7. T hn hp ny
thu c ZnSO4 v chuyn ra ZnO th c 0,3983 g. Tnh % khi lng ca Zn v
Cd c trong qung.
mquang = 0.5606
mZnO = 0.3983
Mt khc

Hng dn gii Bi Tp Ha Phn Tich . Khoa Cng ngh Ha Hc

S: 57%; 0,32%
7.8. Ch ha 0,75 g mu thuc tr su DDT (C14H9Cl5 ) vi HNO3 bc khi v lm kt
ta Clo that ra di dng AgCl c 0,239 g AgCl.
Tnh % khi lng DDT c trong thuc tr su.
H s chuyn F= [(MC14H9Cl5)* (1/5)]/MAgCl

S: 15,74%
7.9. Mt mu pyrit cn nng 1,7890 c sy n khi lng khng i l 1,7180. Cn
0,3980 g mu pyrit ban u, ha tan v to ta, thu c 1,0780g BaSO4. Tnh % S
trong mu ban u v mu sy kh?
S: 37,20%; 38,74%

0,3980 g mu pyrit ban u, nu sy kh s cn =

7.10. Mt mu qung oxyt st nng 0.5000g c lm kt ta di dng Fe(OH)3 v

nung thnh oxyt st 3 cn nng 0.4980 g. Tnh hm lng Fe di dng % Fe v %
Fe3O4?

;
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Hng dn gii Bi Tp Ha Phn Tich . Khoa Cng ngh Ha Hc

69,72

7.11. xc nh hm lng photpho trong mt mu qung photphat, ngi ta ha tan

0,418g qung v lm kt ta photpho di dng MgNH4PO4.6H2O. Sau nung
chuyn thnh Mg2P2O7 . Khi lng Mg2P2O7 cn c bng 0,2208 g. Tnh hm
lng P2O5 trong qung.

S: 33,79% P2O5
7.12. Tin hnh xc nh thnh phn Fe trong phn st amoni: Cn chnh xc 1g mu
phn st, tin hnh qu trnh phn tch khi lng. Sau khi nung, st tn ti dng cn
l Fe2O3 v cn c 0,16g. Tnh % Fe trong mu ban u.

7.13. Xc nh lng nc c trong mu BaCl2.2H2O, ngi ta tin hnh cc bc th

nghim v thu c kt qu sau:
Khi lng l cn: 2,3gam
Khi lng l cn + BaCl2.2H2O: 3,1gam
Khi lng l cn + BaCl2: 2,9gam.
Tnh %H2O trong mu trn.
S: 25% H2O
7.15. nh lng phot pho trong mu phn bn, cn 1,0000gam mu v to ta di
dng MgNH4PO4. Nung ta 600oC c dng cn Mg2P2O7 c khi lng
0,2350gam. Tnh %P v %P2O5 trong mu phn bn.

;
S: 6,56% P; 15,03%P2O5
7.16. Mt mu vi cn nng 1,2300gam c ha tan trong axit. Lc b tp cht
khng tan, dung dch qua lc cho tc dng vi NH4OH. Khi lng cc oxyt kim loi
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Hng dn gii Bi Tp Ha Phn Tich . Khoa Cng ngh Ha Hc

ha tr 3 (Fe2O3 v Al2O3) thu c l 0,0584gam. Nhm c c lp ring v dng

cn thu c l Al2O3 nng 0,0232gam, tnh %Fe v %Al trong mu.

, S: 1% Al; 2% Fe
7.17. Phi dng bao nhiu ml dung dch NH4OH 5%(d = 0,990g/ml) lm kt ta ht
Fe3+ trong dung dch phn tch c ha tan t 0,200g qung c 30%Fe.
Fe3+ + 3NH4OH = Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4+
Theo nh lut ng lng

=2.3ml.
y l s ml NH4OH tc ng va vi Fe3+, Thng thng trong phn tch khi
lng ta thng cho d thuc th v trong trng hp ny nn cho d 20% . vy s ml
NH4OH cn s dng l 2.8 ml
7.18. 0,8325g mt hp kim Cu + Sn + Zn. Phn tch bng phng php phn tch khi
lng, thu c 0,6728g CuSCN v 0,0423g SnO2. Xc nh theo % cc thnh phn
trong hp kim.

%Zn = 100- %Sn - % Cu =53.61

S: 42,39%Cu; 4%Sn; 53,61%Zn
7.19. Phn hy 0,1500g mt hp cht hu c c cng thc C6H6-xClx c ion Cl-. Kt
ta ion Cl- bng Ag+ thu c 0,4040g AgCl dng cn. Xc nh x trong cng thc
phn t (hp cht hu c c xem l nguyn cht).
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Hng dn gii Bi Tp Ha Phn Tich . Khoa Cng ngh Ha Hc

T cng thc C6H6-xClx Thit lp c t s

Gii phng trnh trn x=4.15 . V x l s nguyn nn x=4.

7.20. xc nh hm lng NiSO4 v nc kt tinh trong mt mu NiSO4.xH2O,
ngi ta dng phng php phn tch khi lng: cn 2,7160g mu, ha tan thnh
100,0ml; ly 20,00ml dung dch trn to ta bng dung dch Ba2+. Khi lng ta thu
c l 0,4511g. Tnh %NiSO4 v xc nh tr s x trong cng thc phn t (Ni=59.
Ba=137)
cn 2,7160g mu, ha tan thnh 100,0ml; mmau =2,7160g
ly 20,00ml dung dch trn
f=5
to ta bng dung dch Ba2+.

NiSO4 + Ba2+ =BaSO4

Khi lng ta thu c l 0,4511g.

Dng cn l BaSO4 v mBaSO4 = 0.4511

F=

xc nh tr s x trong phn t phi c iu kin l mu mui trn l tinh khit .

Mu ch c NiSO4.xH2O
S g NiSO4 c trong mu l
S g nc l
T cng thc NiSO4.xH2O, thit lp t l thc

x=7.85. Do x l s nguyn nn x=8

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