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Chng 1:

Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng


Luan Van Tot Nghiep 3 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Al hDC QUDC ClA ThASh PhD hD Chl HlSh
TkUOSC Al hDC bACh [hDA
[hDA llS llS TU
bD HDS TU DSC




lUAS YAS TDT SChllP

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CYhD . ThAY hUYSh hUU PhUOSC
SYTh . ChAU Thl blCh SCA
HSSY . 497OO93l
lOP . DD97TU DSC
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 4 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga



lOl CAH OS

9oan an // n// /a ao // oa /.tn/ / /a/ /.n .o/ n/an nam
//an aa ma /.an aa / a aa/ aa // oa na /m na na .a //an
aao oa /an //an m /a n n .n/ //an/ a aan ao oa /a m n n
aa a` oa //a .a oan /am o/ a oa n/an na //an / /an.
/m .n aan /n /a m //a / /an a n/an na //an o n/a/
/am /n //an/ /n/ a /. an .ao .a.
/an a// na m .n /an //an/ am n a //a /.n /.an (a
oa/ //a n /on a a //a /.n / mn (o //n a (n n
.n aa /.on aa/ /n //a / m /.n .o/ // an / /a/ /a /.an. (a
// m .n am n /a on/ ao a/an aa /an /tn/ /an aa`n a /a m
ao /n o/ m /an //an/ /oan an // n// na.

TP.HCM na .:...
(n/ n //a /n
Chau Th Bch Nga
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 5 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga



Sban Xct Caa Ciao Yicn
Pban bicn

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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 6 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga



Sban Xct Caa Ciao Yicn
haong Dan

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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 7 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

HUC lUC.

NOI DUNG trang
Gii thieu chung ............................................................................... 01

CHNG 1: GIAO THC TRUYEN THONG ............................ 03
I. Gii thieu ............................................................................... 03
II. Protocol ................................................................................... 05
1. Khai niem ......................................................................... 05
2. Xay dng Protocol ............................................................ 06
a) Cau truc frame d lieu ................................................ 06
b) Xay dng Protocol ....................................................... 08
III. Truyen thong noi tiep ............................................................ 09
1 Thanh ghi dieu khien ng truyen ................................. 10
2 Thanh ghi ieu khien MODEM ....................................... 11
3 Thanh ghi trang thai ng day ....................................... 12
4 Chuan giao tiep RS-232 ................................................... 13
5 Gii thieu IC Max_232 ..................................................... 15

CHNG 2: C LC AT89C51 ................................................ 17
I. Khai quat ve ho IC MCS-51.................................................. 17
II. Gii thieu AT89C52 .............................................................. 18
1. Nhng ac trng c ban.................................................... 20
2. Cau hnh chan ................................................................... 20
III. To chc bo nh ...................................................................... 25
1. RAM a dung .................................................................... 25
2. RAM a ch hoa tng bit ................................................. 27
3. Cac bank thanh ghi ........................................................... 27
IV. Cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet ......................................... 29
1 T trang thai chng trnh ................................................ 30
2 Thanh ghi B ....................................................................... 32
3 Con tro ngan xep .............................................................. 32
4 Con tro d lieu .................................................................. 33
5 Cac thanh ghi port xuat nhap ........................................... 33
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 8 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

6 Cac thanh ghi timer ........................................................... 34
7 Cac thanh ghi port noi tiep ............................................... 35
8 Cac thanh ghi ngat ............................................................ 36
9 Thanh ghi ieu khien cong suat ....................................... 36
V. Bao ve bo nh ........................................................................ 36
VI. Hoat ong cua port noi tiep ................................................... 37
1 Gii thieu .......................................................................... 37
2 Thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep .................................. 38
3 Cac che o hoat ong ....................................................... 40
4 Khi ong va truy xuat cac thanh ghi cong noi tiep ....... 44
5 Toc o baud port noi tiep ................................................. 47

CHNG 3: RTX51 TINY ............................................................. 50
Gii thieu chung .............................................................................. 50
1. Gii thieu phan mem KEIl ............................................... 50
2. Chng trnh tuan hoan thi gian bieu cua RTX51 ........ 51
3. Cac yeu cau va nh ngha ............................................... 55
4. Cac ham th vien cua RTX51 .......................................... 56

CHNG 4: BOARD DEMO-KIT ................................................ 59
I. Khoi hien th .......................................................................... 60
II. Khoi giao tiep A/D - D/A ...................................................... 62
III. Khoi RS-232 ........................................................................... 68
IV. Khoi output (rle) .................................................................. 70
V. Khoi input ............................................................................... 71

CHNG 5:
Phan 1: TAP LENH ......................................................................... 72
I. Gii thieu tap lenh ................................................................. 72
II. Noi dung tap lenh .................................................................. 73
Phan 2: MO TA CHNG TRNH ................................................ 76
Chng trnh nhan chuoi ........................................................ 78
Chng trnh kiemtra ............................................................. 80
Chng trnh x ly tap lenh ................................................... 81
Chng trnh ong goi d lieu ............................................... 83
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 9 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Chng trnh Demo-Kit ......................................................... 85
Phan 3: Chng trnh ........................................................................ 88
Bao cao ket qua ............................................................................. 146
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 10 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Gii thieu chung :

Nh chung ta a biet trong ieu kie n khoa hoc ky thuat va kinh
te phat trien nh hien nay th qui trnh t ong hoa trong cong
nghiep va san xuat hau nh khong the thieu c . No ong mot vai
tro het sc quan trong trong viec giup tang nang suat , tang o chnh
xac va do o tang hieu qua san xuat . Trong o mot vai tro khong
the khong nhac en cua qui trnh t ong hoa la thu thap d lieu va
ieu khien t xa .
e kiem tra tnh hnh san xuat cung nh trang thai hoat ong
cua tng phan xng ta khong the c cho ngi en tan ni , kiem
soat tng hoat ong va quay ve bao cao neu co s co xay ra ma nhat
thiet phai co mot he thong thu thap d lieu t xa . Khi o, ngi ky
s van hanh ch can ngoi tai ban ieu khien va quan sat nhng trang
thai c cap nhat ve lien tuc e co the x ly kp thi nhng tnh
huong xay ra thong qua qua trnh lien ket d lieu, ma khong phai
mat thi gian i en ni co xay ra s co .
Khong dng o , viec thu thap d lieu va ieu khien t xa con
la mot nhan to quan ly, mot yeu to tat yeu cho s phat trien cua tat
ca cac nganh nghe , cac lnh vc khac nh giao thong van tai ( theo
do cac |ram gao |hong duong bo, hang ha , hang |hong ) , dcn
lc , y te . . .
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 11 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Biet c y ngha va tam quan trong cua no nen chung em quyet
nh nghien cu va hy vong co c hoi m rong e tai nay .
Tong quan ve cong viec thc hien nh sau :
- Xay dng mot tap lenh trong giao tiep gia May tnh va micro-
controller.
- Xay dng mot giao thc truyen nhan thong tin (Protocol).
- S dung tap lenh theo yeu cau mong muon .
- Xay dng mot chng trnh demo nh mot ng dung cu the
cua e tai .




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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 12 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Chng 1:

ClAD ThUC TkUYlS ThDSC


l. ClOl ThllU.
S o cac lp c ban xay dng cho qua trnh lien ket d lieu gia 2
oi tng s dung:













Muc ch chnh cua luan van nay khong nham thc hien mot ng
dung ieu khien cu the ma tao nen mot ng dung mi trong giao tiep d
Tap lenh
Frame d lieu
RS-232
USER 1
Lp vat ly
Quan ly truyen tin
Lien ket d lieu
D lieu
USER 2
Lp vat ly
Quan ly truyen tin
Lien ket d lieu
D lieu
Chng trnh
ngi s dung
Chng trnh ngi s dung
X ly giao tiep thiet b
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 13 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

lieu gia hai oi tng la may tnh va khoi vi x ly. V the, chng trnh
ngi s dung, lien ket gia hai oi tng s dung- user 1va user2 ( tc
chng trnh Demo-Kit thc hien trong phan cuoi chng trnh ) khong
phai la trong tam ma ch la mot ng dung cu the cua e tai. V the, no ch
xay dng cac dang song vao ra mot cach n gian, mang y ngha mo
phong cho nhng g thc hien c trong viec xay dng chng trnh.
Ket qua mong muon cua luan van la xay dng c mot moi trng
thuan li cho qua trnh trao oi thong tin gia hai oi tng s dung. Hay
noi khac hn, ay la mot tang em ve ngon ng giao tiep, mot qua trnh
trung gian giup cho viec lien ket d lieu c dien ra mot cach troi chay
theo mong muon cua ngi s dung. Cac lp c ban c xay dng trong
he thong nay la: lp vat ly, lp lien ket d lieu (datalink ), lp quan ly
truyen tin va sau cung la lp d lieu.
- Lp vat ly: la cac yeu to ac trng bi mc ien ap hay dong
ien cho cac ngo vao ra. Tieu bieu cho lp nay la cac phng tien nh
thiet b ien (day dan, chan IC) hay cac chuan giao tiep giup cho lp
lien ket d lieu c thc hien. Mot trong cac thu tuc protocol trong lien
ket d lieu n gian nhat cho lp nay la s dung chuan giao tiep RS-232
trong truyen thong noi tiep.
- Lp lien ket d lieu: lp nay quan tam en cac dang truyen
d lieu (ong bo hay bat ong bo), toc o s dung, kiem tra va sa loi,
che o phat lai (echo) ay la phan trong tam cua mot chng trnh lien
ket d lieu, xay dng Protocol cho phan nay la thiet lap cac thu tuc lien
ket va truy xuat d lieu.
- Lp quan ly truyen tin: lp nay co nhiem vu quan ly d lie u
(ghi nhan va truy xuat d lieu t cac vung a ch cua cac tn hieu vao ra
theo nh ngha cua tap lenh), phan gii thieu tap lenh c thc hien
trong chng 5.
- Lp d lieu: lp nay am nhan vai tro ghi nhan cac gia tr d
lieu tai au moi user, bao gom cac dang tn hieu ieu khien nh dang
xung, dang mc va tn hieu dang A/D.
Van e can quan tam chnh cua chung ta la xay dng mot chuan cho
tang lien ket d lieu (cac thu tuc protocol).
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 14 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga


II. PkDTDCDl:
1. Khai niem:
Protocol cho tang lien ket d lieu la mot phng thc hay thu tuc
truyen thong c at ra ma mot qui trnh truyen nhan thong tin phai tuan
theo. No bao gom tap hp ong nhat cac qui tac ieu hanh nham am bao
s chnh xac cua mot he thong hoac mang trong qua trnh trao oi thong
tin.
Trc khi tm hieu ve protocol cua tang lien ket d lieu mot cach chi
tiet, chung ta xem qua mot so ky thuat s dung e thc thi hoac mo ta mot
protocol. Theo ly thuyet, kiem tra gia tr cua mot qua trnh hoat ong
nham chac rang trong qua trnh hoat ong cua he thong se khong co mot
ieu kien khong mong muon nao hoac cac trang thai bat thng xay ra khi
protocol hoat ong break down (v du nh khi ri vao mot vong lap vo
tan hoac gap phai mot trng hp ma tat ca cac hoat ong eu b dng va
he thong b khoa locks up ).
Vi muc ch minh hoa nhng ky thuat kie m tra va mo ta khac nhau
nay, chung ta xet mot tang lien ket d lieu n gian ban song cong: stop
andwait va t ong lap lai yeu cau nh mot v du.Ve c ban protocol
nay quan ly hoat ong cua hai tram ( c xem la o ng nhat ) tai moi au
cua mot lien ket d lieu .Protocol nay bao gom mot tram ( au 1 ) gi
mot frame d lieu mang mot day so en mot tram khac ( au 2 ). Frame
d lieu nay se cha them vao mot goi thong tin khac cua d lieu thc tai .
Ket thuc viec truyen co mot vung em nhan, ni ma cac goi d lieu nay
c cha t computer chu cuc bo hoac cuoi cung la lu tr theo u tien
trong mot frame d lieu va bat au truyen qua datalink .Ke ca sau khi
truyen d lieu trong vung em vao 1 , cac d lieu giong nhau cung c
gi trong vung em cho en khi co thong bao a nhan c t mot au
khac ( au 2 ) ma khung d lieu cha goi d lieu nay a nhan c
thanh cong.
ieu kien sau cung (nhan thanh cong 1 frame d lieu) c cho biet
bi au tram 2,au nay gi frame day so cua mot frame hp le c nhan
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 15 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

sau cung tr ve t tram 1 nh mot phan cua frame d lieu ke bat au gi
t 2 sang 1 .
V du : Neu au 1 va gi mot frame en au 2 no se khong c
phep gi frame ke ( cha mot goi d lieu mi ) cho en khi no nhan c
mot frame t au 2 mang theo thong tin tra li a nha n tot . Neu au 1
khong nhan c thong bao nay tr ve t au 2 trong vong mot khoang
thi gian ngh (timeout) c nh trc , no se truyen lai frame gi en
au 2 va hy vong trong thi gian nay no nhan c thong bao a nhan
ung t au 2 . Va neu khong th sau vai lan lap lai (c nh trc ) ma
au 1 van khong nhan c thong bao nhan ung t au 2 no xem nh
ng truyen b loi va thong bao ra ngoai.
2. Xay dng Protocol:
Xay dng mot protocol cho qua trnh trao oi d lieu trong trng hp
mach vi x ly ong vai tro slave va may tnh (PC) ong vai tro master
trong qua trnh truyen nhan thong tin.
a) Cau truc frame d lieu:
Trong che o hoat ong nay khoi vi x ly khong co yeu cau gi cho
PC ma ch tra li ket qua theo yeu cau nhan c t PC tuan theo qui tac
cua tap lenh c xay dng trong luan van nay . Mot Protocol c at ra
cho lien ket d lieu vi mot frame truyen c cha cac byte qui nh nh
sau :
Header Ma ID Control fiel Length Cac byte DATA
Bon byte au cua frame truyen c goi chung la cac byte control
fiels bao gom :
- Mot byte au tien la byte header : la ky t qui nh nham anh dau
cho au moi frame truyen.
- Mot byte ma ID la ma so th t cua frame truyen moi khi co mot
yeu cau mi cho vi x ly (ma ID c anh so lien tuc t 0-99 va tr ve
0). Ma ID nay se mang mot y ngha quan trong cho viec m rong e tai
luan van sau nay (ket noi nhieu frame truyen lien tiep).
- Mot byte control fiel : ay la byte chc nang e kiem tra thong tin
cho moi frame truyen . Byte control fiel c nh ngha nh sau :
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 16 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga


X X X X X b2 b1 b0

+ 5bit au co gia tr tuy nh (co the c s dung khi m rong e tai
nay nham dung vao viec tang bien ieu khien ).
+ bit b0 : kiem tra noi dung frame truyen .
b0=0 : frame truyen co d lieu kem theo (so byte data >0 )
b0=1 : frame truyen khong co d lieu. Trng hp nay xay rakhi
frame c gi nham muc ch nhac lai noi dung frame gi va roi.
+ bit b1 : kiem tra lan gi cua mot yeu cau t PC
b1=0 : frame c gi lan au (gi 1 yeu cau mi cho vi x ly)
b1=1 : frame gi lai (mang cung mot noi dung vi chuoi DATA
trc o).
+ bit b2 : bit nay ch c gi i t vi x ly e bao vi PC ket qua cua
lan truyen va roi
b2=0 : d lieu gi t PC en vi x ly nhan ung
b2=1 : d lieu gi t PC en vi x ly b loi
- 1 byte length : ch so byte cua chuoi data cong mot byte . ket
thuc frame truyen.
- Cac byte data : mang thong tin yeu cau cua master (PC) oi vi
slave (vi x ly) da tren qui tac tap lenh . Chuoi data bao gom :

ADDR ADDR . . . .

Hai byte au cha a ch (c nh ngha theo tap lenh) va cuoi
cung phai la k t .
b) Xay dng protocol:
Vi frame truyen c nh ngha nh tren ta thiet lap mot protocol
cho qua trnh giao tiep d la:
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 17 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

- Khoi PC luon ong vai tro cua mot master, ngha la no co quyen
quyet nh cho viec trao oi d lieu co xay ra hay khong, va quyet nh
nhng yeu cau can thc thi oi vi khoi vi x ly. Khoi vi x ly luon ong
vai tro cua mot slave; trong qua trnh hoat ong, no phai ch ch c
quyen gi tn hieu tra li moi khi nhan c yeu cau t PC. Do cac tac vu
trong chng trnh c thc hien song song theo he thi gian thc
(multitasking), nen oi khi khoi vi x ly co the gi tn hieu tra li ngay khi
yeu cau t PC gi en cha c x ly xong (neu thi gian x ly vt qua
khoang thi gian quet toi a qui nh cho 1 tac vu). Khi o, khoi vi x ly
se tao nen mot frame truyen tra ve PC, khong mang theo noi dung tra li
cho yeu cau cua PC ma ch co cac byte control fiels vi muc ch thong
bao ket qua va nhan c t PC la ung hay sai (nh vao bit b2 cua byte
control fiel).
- Neu trong mot khoang thi nh trc ma PC cha nhan c tn
hieu tra li t vi x ly, no se gi tiep mot frame khac. Frame nay ch gom
cac byte control fiels ma khong mang theo yeu cau mi cho vi x ly nham
muc ch nhac lai frame va truyen. Khi nhan c frame nay, khoi vi x
ly kiem tra qua trnh x ly trc o thc hien xong cha va tra li lai cho
PC.
- Neu sau vai lan gi ma PC van khong nhan c tra li t vi x ly
th xem nh ng truyen b loi. Neu ng truyen b loi hoac co thong
bao loi t vi x ly gi ve th PC se gi mot frame truyen mi mang ay
u thong tin ban au.
Ma ID cua frame truyen c at ra nham muc ch e m rong
chng trnh sau nay. Neu trong trng hp truyen nhan chuoi d lieu co
o dai qua ln hoac truyen nhan file, ta khong the truyen mot lan tren
mot frame ma phai cat ra thanh nhieu frame truyen. Khi o, viec anh ma
ID chnh xac se giup cho viec ket chuoi d lieu nhan ve khong b xao
tron. Qui tac anh ma ID la no ch c tang dan sau moi lan trao oi d
lieu thanh cong, tc PC phai nhan c tra li t vi x ly theo ung yeu
cau ma no gi en va ket thuc mot chu trnh lien ket d lieu.

lll. TkUYlS ThDSC SDl TllP.
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 18 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Ta co the thc hien truyen d lieu gia may tnh va vi x ly theo
nhieu chuan khac nhau. V trong luan van nay s dung en viec thu phat
d lieu theo kieu noi tiep nen can phai khai quat vai net ve cac chuan
truyen thong.
Truyen thong noi tiep la viec thu phat d lieu dang chuoi cac
xung ien goi la cac bit. Hiep hoi ien t cong nghiep (EIA) a ra cac
chuan truyen thong khac nhau nh : RS 232-C, RS-422, RS-423, RS-485,
RS-449,v.v..Ky hieu RS la viet tat cua Recommended Standard, ngha la
tieu chuan khuyen cao.
Viec truyen d lieu noi tiep theo chuan RS-232 co u iem hn
truyen song song la mc ien ap hoat ong la +12V va 12V, khoang cach
truyen xa hn, t nhieu hn.
Viec trao oi d lieu dien ra tren hai ng dan TxD va RxD, mc tn
hieu tren chan ra RxD tuy thuoc vao ng dan TxD va thng nam trong
khoang 12V en +12V, cac bit d lieu c ao ngc lai. Mc cao nam
gia 3V va 12V, mc thap nam gia +3V va +12V. trang thai tnh,
tren ng day co ien ap la 12V.
Mot chuoi d lieu truyen i c bat au bang mot bit khi au,
tiep theo o la cac bit d lieu, bit thap i trc. So bit d lieu nam trong
khoang 5 en 8 bit, tiep o la bit kiem tra chan le va cuoi cung la bit ket
thuc (stop bit). Toc o truyen c thiet lap bang tham so Baudrate, la so
bit truyen i trong 1 giay, thong thng la 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800,
9600 va 19200.
Viec thiet lap cac thong so truyen noi tiep c thc hien bang
cach thay oi cac gia tr trong cac thanh ghi phuc vu truyen noi tiep.
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 19 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Ban o thanh ghi noi cua bo thu phat noi tiep 8250 (khong ong bo).
Register name Code COM
1
COM
2
COM
3
COM
4
Function
Transmitter holding
register
THR 3F8H 2F8H 3E8H 2E8H OUTPUT
Receiver data register RDR 3F8H 2F8H 3E8H 2E8H INPUT
Baud rate divisor (LSB) BRDL 3F8H 2F8H 3E8H 2E8H OUTPUT
Baud rate divisor
(MSB)
BRDH 3F9H 2F9H 3E9H 2E9H OUTPUT
Interrupt enable
register
IER 3F9H 2F9H 3E9H 2E9H OUTPUT
Interrupt ID register IID 3FAH 2FAH 3EAH 2EAH INPUT
Line control register LCR 3FBH 2FBH 3EBH 2EBH OUTPUT
Modem control register MDC 3FCH 2FCH 3ECH 2ECH OUTPUT
Line status register LST 3FDH 2FDH 3EDH 2EDH INPUT
Modem status register MSR 3FEH 2FEH 3EEH 2EEH INPUT

1. Thanh ghi ieu khien ng truyen (Line Control
Register):
Bit cao cua thanh ghi nay goi la bit chot truy xuat he so chia. Neu
bit nay c at len 1 th gia tr thanh ghi c s c truy xuat lam byte
thap cua thanh ghi he so chia chon toc o truyen, va gia tr thanh ghi c
s +1 se c truy xuat lam byte cao cua thanh ghi he so chia chon toc o
truyen. Neu bit nay c xoa ve 0 th thanh ghi c s se thanh thanh ghi
em thu phat.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Bit Noi dung
Bit 0 Bit 00 : 5 bit data ; 01 : 6 bit data
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1 10 : 7 bit data ; 11 : 8 bit data
Bit 2 0 : 1 bit stop
1 : 1,5 hay 2 bit stop
Bit 3 0 : khong kiem tra parity
1 : kiem tra parity
Bit 4 1 : kiem tra parity chan
0 : kiem tra parity le
Bit 5 1 : neu bit 4 = 1; 0 : neu bit 4 = 0
Bit 6 Cho phep cam ng truyen noi
tiep
1 : ngo ra b xoa trang ; 0 : cam
Bit 7 1 : chon he so chia;
0 : bo em thu, phat

2. Thanh ghi ieu khien MODEM:
Thanh ghi ieu khien MODEM dung e at giao thc bat tay khi s
truyen thong s dung MODEM.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Bit Noi dung
Bit 0 Data terminal ready
1 : DTR active; 0 : DTR inactive
Bit 1 Request to send;
1 : RTS active; 0 : RTS inactive
Bit 2 Output 1 (spare signal)
1 : OUT 1 : active; 0 : OUT 1 inactive
Bit 3 Output 2 (interrupt enable signal)
1 : Communication interrupt active
0 : Communication interrupt inactive
Bit 4 Loopback feature
1 : Transmitter output looped back to receiver
register
Bit:
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0 : Normal operation
Bit
5,6,7
000

3. Thanh ghi trang thai ng day (Line Status
Register):
Bao cho may tnh biet thong tin, trang thai cua d lieu truyen i.


7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Bit Noi dung
Bit 0 1 : Co d lieu trong bo em nhan
Bit 1 1 : Overrun error : d lieu b chong
Bit 2 1 : sai parity
Bit 3 1 : Framing error ( bit stop khong hp
le)
Bit 4 1 : Bao ngat (ng truyen trong )
Bit 5 1 : Thanh ghi phat trong
Bit 6 1 : Thanh ghi dch va thanh ghi phat
trong
0 : Thanh ghi dch con cha d lieu
Bit 7 0

4. Chuan RS-232:
Chuan RS-232 lan au tien c gii thieu vao nam 1962 do hiep
hoi ky thuat ien t EIA (Electronics Industries Association) nh la chuan
giao tiep truyen thong gia may tnh va mot thiet b ngoai vi (modem,
may ve, mouse, may tnh khac,).
Cong giao tiep RS-232 la giao dien pho bien rong rai nhat. Ngi
dung may tnh PC con goi cong nay la COM 1, con COM 2 e t do cho
Bit:
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cac ng dung khac. Giong nh cong may in, cong noi tiep RS-232 c s
dung mot cach rat thuan tien cho muc ch o lng va ieu khien.
Viec truyen d lieu qua RS-232 c tien hanh theo cach noi tiep,
ngha la cac bit d lieu c gi i noi tiep nhau tren mot ng truyen
dan. Trc het, loai truyen nay co the dung cho nhng khoang cach ln
hn, bi v cac kha nang gay nhieu nho ang ke hn la dung cong song
song. Viec dung cong song song co mot nhc iem ang ke la cap truyen
dung qua nhieu si, va v vay rat at tien. Hn na tn hieu nam trong
khoang 0 - 5V to ra khong thch ng vi khoang cach ln.
Cong noi tiep RS khong phai la mot he thong Bus, no cho phep de
dang tao ra lien ket di hnh thc iem noi iem gia hai may can trao
oi thong tin vi nhau. Mot thanh phan th ba khong the tham gia vao
cuoc trao oi thong tin nay.




Cong Com 9 chan


Bang sap xep chan cua cong noi tiep may tnh:

9 chan 25 chan Chc nang
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8
3
2
20
7
6
4
5
22
DCD _ Data Carrier Detect (Loi vao)
RxD _ Receive Data (Loi vao)
TxD _ Transmit Data (Loi ra)
DTR _ Data Terminal Ready (Loi ra)
GND _ Ground (Noi at)
DSR _ Data Set Ready (Loi vao)
RTS _ Request to Send (Loi ra)
CTS _ Clear to Send (Loi vao)
RI _ Ring Indicator (Loi ra)
1 2 3 5 4
6 7 8 9
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Viec truyen d lieu xay ra tren hai ng dan. Qua chan cam ra
TxD, may tnh gi d lieu cua no en cac thiet b khac. Trong khi o d
lieu ma may tnh nhan c, lai c dan en chan noi RxD. Cac tn hieu
khac ong vai tro nh la tn hieu ho tr khi trao oi thong tin va v vay
khong phai trong moi ng dung eu dung en.
Cac bit d lieu c gi i theo kieu ao ngc, ngha la cac bit co gia
tr 1 se co mc ien ap LOW, cac bit co gia tr 0 se co mc ien ap
HIGH. Mc tn hieu nhan va truyen qua chan RxD va TxD thong thng
nam trong khoang 12V en +12V. Mc ien ap oi vi mc HIGH nam
gia +3V en +12V.
trang thai tnh tren ng day van co ien ap 12V. Mot bit khi
ong (Start bit) se m au viec truyen d lieu. Tiep sau o la cac bit rieng
le en, trong o cac bit co gia tr thap c gi trc tien. Con so cua cac
bit d lieu thay oi gia nam va tam. cuoi dong d lieu con co mot bit
dng (Stop bit) e at lai trang thai loi ra (-12V).
Toc o Baud co gia tr thong thng la : 300; 600; 1200; 4800; 9600;
19200 Baud. Ky hieu Baud tng ng vi so bit truyen trong 1 giay (bit
per second _ bps). Chang han nh khi toc o Baud bang 9600 co ngha la
co 9600 bit d lieu c truyen trong 1 giay. V moi byte d lieu co mot
bit bat au va mot bit c dung gi kem theo, do o khi truyen mot byte
d lieu a co 10 bit c gi i. Vi toc o Baud thong thng, moi giay
cho phep truyen nhieu nhat t 30 en 1920 byte d lieu, v vay nhc
iem ln nhat cua cong truyen noi tiep la toc o truyen d lieu b han
che.
So sanh gia TTL va RS-232, ta thay TTL s dung mc logic dng va
0,4V chong nhieu. Trong khi o RS-232 s dung mc ien ap 612V e
am bao truyen c tren ng day dai. Vi khoang chong nhieu 12V
cho phep tn hieu i qua moi trng nhieu manh ma oi vi TTL khong
the co c.
Mot trong nhng yeu cau quan trong cua RS-232 la thi gian chuyen
t mot mc logic nay ti mot mc logic khac khong vt qua 4% thi gian
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mot bit. V the toc o 19200 Baud thi gian mc logic phai nho hn
0,04/19200s. Van e nay lam gii han chieu dai ng truyen. Vi toc o
truyen 19200 Baud, ta co the truyen xa nhat la 50 feet (15,24 m).
Mot trong nhng van e quan trong can chu y khi s dung RS-232 la
mach thu phat khong can bang (n cc). ieu nay co y ngha la tn hieu
vao ra c so vi at. V vay neu ien the tai hai iem at cua hai mach
thu phat khong bang nhau thi se co dong ien chay tren day noi at. Ket
qua se co ap ri tren day noi at (V=I.R) se lam suy yeu tn hieu logic.
Neu truyen tn hieu i xa, R se tang dan en ap ri tren at se ln dan en
luc tn hieu logic se ri vao vung khong xac nh va mach thu se khong
nhan ung d lieu c truyen t mach phat. Chnh s khong can bang
tren mach thu phat la mot trong nhng nguyen nhan gii han ng
truyen.
Do trong luan van nay khong s dung cac chuan giao tiep khac
c gii thieu tren nen khong gii thieu chi tiet.
5. Gii Thieu IC MAX-232 :
a) ac iem:
- Theo tieu chuan EIA (Electronics
Industry Association ).
- Nguon cung cap 5V.
- Dung them 4 tu ngoai 0.1F.
- Toc o truyen co the len en 1Mbit
tren 1 giay.
- Co 2 bo em truyen va 2 bo em
nhan
b) Mo ta
T hnh 2 ta thay tn hieu t may tnh truyen xuong MAX 232
theo chuan TTL/CMOS , sau khi qua MAX 232 c chuyen thanh chuan
RS-232. Tn hieu chuan nay c a qua MAX 485 e truyen tren ng
bus theo dang vi sai. Tn hieu nhan ve cung theo dang vi sai , c chuyen
16 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
MAXIM
232E
C1+
V+
C1-
C2+
C2-
V-
T2OUT
R2IN
VCC
GND
T1OUT
R1IN
R1OUT
T1IN
T2IN
R2OUT
Hnh 1
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oi sang chuan RS-232 trc khi c a ve chuan TTL/CMOS e a
vao may tnh.
Chan nguon can
mot tu Bypass ( vao
khoang 0.1F), con 4 tu
con lai cac chan C1,
C2, V+ va V- co the s
dung loai phan cc hoac
khong phan cc. Cac tu
nay t nhat phai t 0.1F
tr len e lam giam gn
song cac ngo ra cua bo
truyen va lam giam ang
ke cong suat tieu thu cua
nguon. Tu cac chan C2, V1 va V2 co the thay oi gia tr nhng tu C1 th
khong.
TTL/CMOS
TTL/CMOS
OUTPUT
OUTPUT INPUT
T2OUT
T2IN
INPUT
Hnh 2
GND
R2OTUT
R1OUT
R2IN
R1IN
RS-232
T1IN
C2-
C2+
C1-
T1OUT
V-
C1+
VCC
V+
RS-232
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Chng 2:

SO lUOC ATB9CSl

l. ClOl ThllU [hAl QUAT Yl hD lC HCS51 :
MCS-51' la mot ho IC vi ieu khien do Intel phat trien va san
xuat. Mot so nha san xuat c phep cung cap cac IC tng thch vi cac
san pham MCS-51' cua Intel la Siemens, Advanced Micro Devices,
Fujitsu, Philips, Atmel
Cac IC cua ho MCS-51' co cac ac trng chung nh sau:
- 4 port I/O 8 bit
- Giao tiep noi tiep
- 64K khong gian bo nh chng trnh m rong
- 64K khong gian bo nh d lieu m rong
- Mot bo x ly luan ly (thao tac tren cac bit n)
- 210 bit c a ch hoa
- Bo nhan/chia 4 s.
Ngoai ra, tuy theo so hieu san xuat ma chung co nhng khac biet ve
bo nh va bo nh thi/bo em nh trong bang so sanh di ay:

So hieu san
xuat
Bo nh chng
trnh tren chip
Bo nh d lieu
tren chip
So bo nh thi
(bo em)
8031
8051
8751
8951
0K
4K ROM
4K EPROM
4K FLASH
128 byte
128 byte
128 byte
128 byte
2
2
2
2
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8032
8052
8752
8952
0K
8K ROM
8K EPROM
8K FLASH
256 byte
256 byte
256 byte
256 byte
3
3
3
3
ll. ClOl ThllU ATB9CS .
AT89C52 la mot Microcomputer 8 bit, ho CMOS, co toc o cao va
cong suat thap vi bo nh Flash co the lap trnh c. No c san xuat
vi cong nghe bo nh khong bay hi mat o cao cua hang Atmel, va tng
thch vi chuan cong nghiep cua 80C51 va 80C52 ve chan ra va bo lenh.
V ly do o, ke t ay ve sau ta se dung thuat ng 80C51 (hoac "8051")
Vi s ket noi linh hoat 8 bit CPU vi flash tren chip, AT89C52 cua
Atmel la mot micro-computer tuyet vi vi o linh hoat cao va giai quyet
hieu qua nhieu chng trnh ieu khien ghi vao no .
















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1 Nhng ac trng cua AT89C52.
+ Tng thch vi cac san pham MCS-51
S o khoi cua AT89C51
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+ 8KByte bo nh Flash co the lap trnh lai vi 1000 chu ky
oc/xoa
+ Hoat ong tnh ay u: 0Hz en 24MHz
+ Khoa bo nh chng trnh ba cap
+ 256 x 8 bit RAM noi
+ 32 ng xuat-nhap lap trnh c (tng ng 4 port)
+ Ba timer/counter 16 bit
+ Mot cau truc ngat 6-vector 2 mc
+ Mot port noi tiep song cong lap trnh c dang full
+ Mach ong ho va bo dao ong tren chip
2 Cau hnh chan cua AT89C52 nh sau:
Nh vay AT89C52 co tat ca 40 chan. Moi chan co chc nang nh cac
ng I/O (xuat/nhap), trong o 24 chan co cong dung kep: moi ng co
the hoat ong nh mot ng I/O hoac nh mot ng ieu khien hoac
nh thanh phan cua bus a ch va bus lieu.
Ho ta cban
- VCC (chan 40)
Chan cap nguon.
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- GND (chan 20)
Chan noi at.
- Port 0
Port 0 la mot port xuat/nhap song hng cc mang h 8 bit.
Neu c s dung nh la mot ngo xuat th moi chan co the keo 8 ngo
vao TTL. Khi mc 1 c viet vao cac chan cua port 0, cac chan nay co
the c dung nh la cac ngo nhap tong tr cao.
Port 0 co the c nh cau hnh e hp kenh gia bus a ch
va bus d lieu (phan byte thap) khi truy cap en bo nh d lieu va bo
nh chng trnh ngoai. che o nay, P0 co cac ien tr pullup ben
trong.
Port 0 cung nhan cac byte code (byte ma chng trnh) khi lap
trnh Flash, va xuat ra cac byte code khi kiem tra chng trnh. Can co
cac ien tr pullup ben ngoai khi thc hien viec kiem tra chng trnh.
- Port 1
Port 1 la mot port xuat/nhap song hng 8 bit co cac ien tr
pullup ben trong. Cac bo em ngo ra cua port 1 co the keo hoac cung cap
4 ngo nhap TTL. Khi mc 1 c viet vao cac chan cua port 1, chung
c keo len cao bi cac ien tr pullup noi va co the c dung nh la
cac ngo nhap. Neu ong vai tro la cac ngo nhap, cac chan cua port 1
(c keo xuong thap qua cac ien tr ben ngoai) se cap dong I
IL
do cac
ien tr pullup ben trong.
- Port 2
Port 2 la mot port xuat/nhap song hng 8 bit co cac ien tr
pullup ben trong.
Cac bo em ngo ra cua port 2 co the keo hoac cung cap 4 ngo
vao TTL. Khi cac mc 1 c viet vao cac chan cua port 2 th chung
c keo len cao bi cac ien tr pullup noi va co the c dung nh cac
ngo vao. Khi c dung nh cac ngo vao, cac chan cua port 2 (c keo
xuong qua cac ien tr ben ngoai) se cap dong I
IL
do co cac ien tr keo
len ben trong.
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Port 2 phat ra byte cao cua a ch khi oc t bo nh chng trnh
ngoai va khi truy cap bo nh d lieu ngoai dung cac a ch 16 bit
(MOVX @DPTR). Trong ng dung nay, no dung cac ien tr pullup noi
"manh" khi phat ra cac mc 1. Khi truy cap bo nh d lieu ngoai dung
cac a ch 8 bit (MOVX @RI), port 2 phat ra cac noi dung cua thanh ghi
chc nang ac biet P2.
Port 2 cung nhan cac bit cao cua a ch va mot vai tn hieu ieu
khien khi lap trnh va kiem tra Flash.
- Port 3
Port 3 la mot port xuat-nhap song hng 8 bit co ien tr pullup
noi ben trong.
Cac bo em ngo ra cua port 3 co the keo hoac cung cap 4 ngo
vao TTL. Khi cac mc 1 c viet vao cac chan cua port 3 th chung
c keo len cao bi cac ien tr pullup noi va co the c dung nh cac
ngo vao. Khi c dung nh cac ngo vao, cac chan cua port 3 (c keo
xuong qua cac ien tr ben ngoai) se cap dong I
IL
do co cac ien tr
pullup ben trong.
Port 3 cung cung cap cac chc nang cua cac ac trng ac biet
nh c liet ke di ay:

Chan Ten Cac chc nang chuyen oi
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7
RXD
TXD
INT0
INT1
T0
T1
WR
RD
Port nhap noi tiep
Port xuat noi tiep
Ngat 0 ben ngoai
Ngat 1 ben ngoai
Ngo vao Timer/Counter 0
Ngo vao Timer/Counter 1
Xung ghi bo nh d lieu ngoai
Xung oc bo nh d lieu ngoai
Cac chc nang chuyen oi tren Port 3
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- RST (chan 9)
Ngo vao reset. Mot mc cao tren chan nay khoang hai chu ky
may trong khi bo dao ong ang chay se reset thiet b.
- ALE/ PROG
ALE la mot xung ngo ra e chot byte thap cua a ch trong khi
truy cap bo nh ngoai. Chan nay cung la ngo nhap xung lap trnh
( PROG) khi lap trnh Flash.
Khi hoat ong bnh thng, ALE c phat vi mot ty le khong
oi la 1/6 tan so bo dao ong va co the c dung cho cac muc ch
timing va clocking ben ngoai. Tuy nhien, lu y rang mot xung ALE se b
bo qua moi khi truy cap bo nh d lieu ngoai.
Neu muon, hoat ong ALE co the cam c bang cach set bit 0
cua SFR tai a ch 8Eh. Neu bit nay c set, ALE ch dc hoat ong
khi co mot lenh MOVX hoac MOVC. Ngc lai, chan nay c keo len
cao bi cac ien tr pullup "nhe". Viec set bit cam-ALE khong co tac
dung khi bo vi ieu khien ang che o thi hanh ngoai.
- PSEN
PSEN (Program Store Enable) la xung oc bo nh chng trnh
ngoai. Khi AT89C52 ang thi hanh ma (code) t bo nh chng trnh
ngoai, PSENc kch hoat hai lan moi chu ky may, nhng hai hoat
ong PSEN se b bo qua moi khi truy cap bo nh d lieu ngoai.
- EA/Vpp
EA (External Access Enable) phai c noi vi GND e cho
phep thiet b oc code t bo nh chng trnh ngoai co a ch t 0000H
en FFFFH. Tuy nhien, lu y rang neu bit khoa 1 (lock-bit 1) c lap
trnh, EA se c chot ben trong khi reset.

EA phai c noi vi Vcc khi thi hanh chng trnh ben trong.
Chan nay cung nhan ien ap cho phep lap trnh Vpp=12V khi lap trnh
Flash (khi o ap lap trnh 12V c chon).
- XTAL1 va XTAL2
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XTAL1 va XTAL2 la hai ngo vao va ra cua mot bo khuech ai
dao ong nghch c cau hnh e dung nh mot bo dao ong tren chip.


Hnh. Cac ket noi cua bo dao ong

Khong co yeu cau nao ve duty cycle cua tn hieu xung ngoai,v ngo
nhap noi vi mach tao xung noi la mot flip-flop chia oi, nhng cac ch
nh ve thi gian high va low, cac mc ap toi a va toi thie u phai c
tuan theo.
Cac ac trng khac se c trnh bay mot cach chi tiet hn nhng
phan tiep theo sau ay.

lll. TD ChUC bD ShO.
8051/8031 co bo nh theo cau truc Harvard: co nhng vung bo nh
rieng biet cho chng trnh va d lieu. Nh a noi tren, ca chng trnh
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va d lieu co the ben trong; du vay chung co the c m rong bang cac
thanh phan ngoai len en toi a 64 Kbytes bo nh chng trnh va 64
Kbytes bo nh d lieu.
Bo nh ben trong bao gom ROM va RAM tren chip, RAM tren chip
bao gom nhieu phan : phan lu tr a dung, phan lu tr a ch hoa tng
bit, cac bank thanh ghi va cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet.
Hai ac tnh can lu y la :
- Cac thanh ghi va cac port xuat nhap a c xep trong bo nh va
co the c truy xuat trc tiep giong nh cac a ch bo nh khac.
- Ngan xep ben trong RAM noi nho hn so vi RAM ngoai nh
trong cac bo vi x ly khac.
Chi tiet ve bo nh RAM tren chip:
Theo hnh ve sau, RAM ben trong 8051/8031 c phan chia gia
cac bank thanh ghi (00H1FH), RAM a ch hoa tng bit (20H2FH),
RAM a dung (30H7FH) va cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet (80H
FFH).
1 RAM a dung:
Mac du tren hnh cho thay 80 byte RAM a dung chiem cac a ch
t 30H7FH, 32 byte di cung t 00H en 1FH cung co the c dung
vi muc ch tng t (mac du cac a ch nay a co muc ch khac).
Moi a ch trong vung RAM a dung eu co the c truy xuat t do
dung cach anh a ch trc tiep hoac gian tiep. V du, e oc noi dung
a ch 5FH cua RAM noi vao thanh ghi tch luy, lenh sau se c dung :
MOV A, 5FH
Lenh nay di chuyen 1 byte d lieu dung cach anh a ch trc tiep e xac
nh a ch nguon (5FH). ch nhan d lieu c ngam xac nh trong
ma lenh la thanh ghi tch luy A.
RAM ben trong cung co the c truy xuat dung cach anh a ch gian
tiep qua R0 hay R1. V du, hai lenh sau thi hanh cung nhiem vu nh lenh
n tren :

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MOV R0, #5FH
MOV A, @R0
Lenh au dung a ch tc thi e di chuyen gia tr 5FH vao thanh ghi R0,
va lenh th hai dung a ch trc tie p e di chuyen d lieu c tro bi
R0 vao thanh ghi tch luy.












Bo nh
chng
trnh
c chon
qua PSEN
FFFF
0000


Bo nh
d lieu

c chon
qua WR
va RD
FFFF
0000










F
F
00
Bo nh tren
chip
Bo nh m rong
Tom tat cac vung bo nh cua 8031/8051



RAM a dung
7F
a ch bit
a ch
byte
E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0 E
0
ACC
D
7
D
6
D
5
D
4
D
3
D
2
D
0
D
0
PSW
F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0 F0
B
a ch
byte
a ch bit
F
F
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2 RAM a ch hoa tng bit :
8051/8031 cha 210 bit c a ch hoa, trong o 128 bit la cac a ch
byte 20H en 2FH, va phan con la i la trong cac thanh ghi chc nang ac
biet.
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Y tng truy xuat tng bit rieng re bang phan mem la mot ac tnh tien
li cua vi ieu khien noi chung. Cac bit co the c at, xoa, AND, OR,
... vi mot lenh n. a so cac vi x ly oi hoi mot chuoi lenh oc-sa-
ghi e at c hieu qua tng t. Hn na, cac port I/O cung c a
ch hoa tng bit lam n gian phan mem xuat nhap tng bit.
Co 128 bit c a ch hoa a dung cac byte 20H en 2FH. Cac a ch
nay c truy xuat nh cac byte hoac nh cac bit phu thuoc vao lenh c
dung. V du, e at bit 67H, ta dung lenh sau :
SETB 67H
Chu y rang a ch bit 67H la bit co trong so ln nhat (MSB) a ch
byte 2CH. Lenh tren se khong tac ong en cac bit khac a ch nay.
Cac vi x ly se phai thi hanh nhiem vu tng t nh sau :
MOV A, 2CH ; oc ca byte
ORL A, #10000000B ; set MSB
MOV 2CH,A ; ghi lai ca byte

3 Cac bank thanh ghi :
32 byte thap nhat cua bo nh noi la danh cho cac bank thanh ghi. Bo
lenh cua 8051/8031 ho tr 8 thanh ghi (R0 en R7) va theo mac nh (sau
khi reset he thong) cac thanh ghi nay cac a ch 00H07H. Lenh sau
ay se oc noi dung a ch 05H vao thanh ghi tch luy :
MOV A, R5
ay la lenh 1 byte dung a ch thanh ghi. Tat nhien, thao tac tng
t co the c thi hanh bang lenh 2 byte dung a ch trc tiep nam trong
byte th hai :
MOV A, 05H
Cac lenh dung cac thanh ghi R0 en R7 th se ngan hn va nhanh hn
cac lenh tng ng nhng dung a ch trc tiep. Cac gia tr d lieu c
dung thng xuyen nen dung mot trong cac thanh ghi nay.
Bank thanh ghi tch cc co the chuyen oi bang cach thay oi cac bit
chon bank thanh ghi trong t trang thai chng trnh (PSW). Gia s rang
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bank thanh ghi 3 c tch cc, lenh sau se ghi noi dung cua thanh ghi tch
luy vao a ch 18H :
MOV R0, A
Y tng dung cac bank thanh ghi cho phep chuyen hng chng
trnh nhanh va hieu qua (tng phan rieng re cua phan mem se co mot bo
thanh ghi rieng khong phu thuoc vao cac phan khac).
lY. CAC ThASh Chl ChUC SASC AC bllT.
Mot ban o vung bo nh tren chip c goi la khong gian thanh ghi
chc nang ac biet (SFR) nh c trnh bay trong bang.
Lu y rang khong phai tat ca cac a ch eu c s dung, va cac
a ch khong c s dung co the khong c cung cap tren con chip. Cac
hanh ong oc en cac a ch nay noi chung se tra ve cac d lieu ngau
nhien, va cac hanh ong viet se co mot hieu ng khong xac nh.
Cac phan mem ngi dung khong nen viet cac mc 1 en nhng v tr
khong c liet ke nay, v chung co the c dung trong cac san pham
tng lai khi them vao cac ac trng mi. Trong trng hp nay, cac gia
tr reset hoac khong tch cc cua cac bit mi se luon la 0.
Cac thanh ghi noi cua 8051/8031 c truy xuat ngam nh bi bo
lenh. V du lenh INC A se tang noi dung cua thanh ghi tch luy A len 1.
Tac ong nay c ngam nh trong ma lenh.
Cac thanh ghi trong 8051/8031 c nh dang nh mot phan cua
RAM tren chip. V vay moi thanh ghi se co mot a ch (ngoai tr thanh
ghi em chng trnh va thanh ghi lenh v cac thanh ghi nay hiem khi b
tac ong trc tiep, nen khong li loc g khi at chung vao trong RAM tren
chip).
o la ly do e 8051/8031 co nhieu thanh ghi nh vay. Cung nh R0
en R7, co 21 thanh ghi chc nang ac biet (SFR : Special Function
Register) vung tren cua RAM noi, t a ch 80H en FFH. Chu y rang
hau het 128 a ch t 80H en FFH khong c nh ngha. Ch co 21 a
ch SFR la c nh ngha.
Ngoai tr tch luy (A) co the c truy xuat ngam nh a noi, a so
cac SFR c truy xuat dung a ch trc tiep. Chu y rang mot vai SFR co
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the c a ch hoa bit hoac byte. Ngi thiet ke phai than trong khi truy
xuat bit va byte. V du lenh sau : SETB 0E0H se set bit 0 trong thanh ghi
tch luy, cac bit khac khong oi. Ta thay rang E0H ong thi la a ch
byte cua ca thanh ghi tch luy va la a ch bit cua bit co trong so nho nhat
trong thanh ghi tch luy. V lenh SETB ch tac ong tren bit, nen ch co a
ch bit la co hieu qua.
1 T trang thai chng trnh :
T trang thai chng trnh (PSW : Program Status Word) a ch
D0H cha cac bit trang thai nh bang tom tat sau :














* C nh
C nh (CY) co cong dung kep. Thong thng no c dung cho
cac lenh toan hoc : no se c set neu co mot so nh sinh ra bi phep
cong hoac co mot so mn bi phep tr. V du, neu thanh ghi tch luy cha
FFH, th lenh ADD A, #1 se tra ve thanh ghi tch luy ket qua 00H va set
c nh trong PSW.
Bit Ky hieu a ch Y ngha
PSW.7 CY D7H C nh
PSW.6 AC D6H C nh phu
PSW.5 F0 D5H C 0
PSW.4 RS1 D4H Bit 1 chon bank thanh ghi
PSW.3 RS0 D3H Bit 0 chon bank thanh ghi
00 = bank 0 : a ch 00H07H
01 = bank 1 : a ch 08H0FH
10 = bank 2 : a ch 10H17H
11 = bank 3 : a ch 18H1FH
PSW.2 OV D2H C tran
PSW.1 D1H D tr
PSW.0 P D0H C parity chan

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C nh cung co the xem nh mot thanh ghi 1 bit cho cac lenh luan ly
thi hanh tren bit. V du, lenh sau se AND bit 25H vi c nh va at ket
qua tr vao c nh : ANL C, 25H
* C nh phu
Khi cong cac so BCD, c nh phu (AC) c set neu ket qua cua 4
bit thap trong khoang 0AH en 0FH. Neu cac gia tr c cong la so BCD,
th sau lenh cong can co DA A (hieu chnh thap phan thanh ghi tch luy)
e mang ket qua ln hn 9 vao nibble cao.
* C 0
C 0 (F0) la 1 bit c a dung danh cho cac ng dung cua ngi dung.
* Cac bit chon bank thanh ghi
Cac bit chon bank thanh ghi (RS0 va RS1) xac nh bank thanh ghi
c tch cc. Chung c xoa sau khi reset he thong va c thay oi
bang phan mem neu can. V du, ba lenh sau cho phep bank thanh ghi 3 va
di chuyen noi dung cua thanh ghi R7 (a ch byte 1FH) en thanh ghi tch
luy :
SETB RS1
SETB RS0
MOV A, R7
Khi chng trnh c hp dch, cac ai ch bit ung c thay the
cho cac ky hieu RS1 va RS0. Vay, lenh SETB RS1 se giong nh lenh
SETB 0D4H.
* C tran
C tran (OV) c set sau mot lenh cong hoac tr neu co mot phep
toan b tran. Khi cac so co dau c cong hoac tr vi nhau, phan mem co
the kiem tra bit nay e xac nh xem ket qua co nam trong tam xac nh
khong. Khi cac so khong dau c cong, bit OV co the c bo qua. Cac
ket qua ln hn +127 hoac nho hn -128 se set bit OV.
Ket qua la mot so co dau 8EH c xem nh -116, khong phai la ket qua
ung (142), v vay, bit OV c set.
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2 Thanh ghi B.
Thanh ghi B a ch F0H c dung cung vi thanh ghi tch luy A
cho cac phep toan nhan va chia. Lenh MUL AB se nhan cac gia tr khong
dau 8 bit trong A va B roi tra ve ket qua 16 bit trong A (byte thap) va B
(byte cao). Lenh DIV AB se chia A cho B roi tra ve ket qua nguyen trong
A va phan d trong B. Thanh ghi B cung co the c xem nh thanh ghi
em a dung. No c a ch hoa tng bit bang cac a chi bit F0H en
F7H.
3 Con tro ngan xep .
Con tro ngan xep (SP) la mot thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 81H. No
cha a ch cua byte d lieu hien hanh tren nh cua ngan xep. Cac lenh
tren ngan xep bao gom cac thao tac cat d lieu vao ngan xep va lay d
lieu ra khoi ngan xep. Lenh cat d lieu vao ngan xep se lam tang SP
trc khi ghi d lieu, va lenh lay d lieu ra khoi ngan xep se oc d lieu
va giam SP. Ngan xep cua 8051/8031 c gi trong RAM noi va c
gii han cac a ch co the truy xuat bang a ch gian tiep. Chung la 128
byte au cua 8051/8031.
e khi ong lai SP vi ngan xep bat au tai 60H,cac lenh sau ay
c dung:
MOV SP, #5FH
Tren 8051/8031 ngan xep b gii han 32 byte v a ch cao nhat cua
RAM tren chip la 7FH. S d dung gia tr 5FH v SP se tang len 60H trc
khi cat byte d lieu au tien.
Ngi thiet ke co the chon khong phai khi ong lai con tro ngan xep
ma e no lay gia tr mac nh khi reset he thong. Gia tr mac nh o la
07H va ket qua la ngan au tien e cat d lieu co a ch la 08H. Neu
phan mem ng dung khong khi ong lai SP, bank thanh ghi 1 (co the ca 2
va 3) se khong dung c v vung RAM nay a c dung lam ngan xep.
Ngan xep c truy xuat trc tiep bang cac lenh PUSH va POP e
lu tr tam thi va lay lai d lieu, hoac c truy xuat ngam bang cac
lenh goi chng trnh con (ACALL, LCALL) va cac lenh tr ve (RET,
RETI) e cat va lay lai bo em chng trnh.
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4 Con tro d lieu
Con tro d lieu (DPTR) c dung e truy xuat bo nh ngoai la mot
thanh ghi 16 bit a ch 82H (DPL : byte thap) va 83H (DPH : byte cao).
Ba lenh sau se ghi 55H vao RAM ngoai a ch 1000H :
MOV A, #55H
MOV DPTR, #1000H
MOVX @DPTR, A
Lenh au tien dung a ch tc thi e tai d lieu 55H vao thanh ghi
tch luy. Lenh th hai cung dung a ch tc thi, lan nay e tai d lieu 16
bit 1000H vao con tro d lieu. Lenh th ba dung a ch gian tiep e di
chuyen d lieu trong A (55H) en RAM ngoai a ch c cha trong
DPTR (1000H).
5 Cac thanh ghi port xuat nhap :
Cac port cua 8051/8031 bao gom Port 0 a ch 80H, Port 1 a ch
90H, Port 2 a ch A0H va Port 3 a ch B0H. Tat ca cac port eu
c a ch hoa tng bit. ieu o cung cap mot kha nang giao tiep thuan
li. V du, neu mot motor c noi qua mot cuon day co transistor lai en
bit 7 cua Port 1, no co the c bat va tat bang mot lenh n :
SETB P1.7 ; bat motor
CLR P1.7 ; tat motor
Cac lenh tren dung dau cham e xac nh mot bit trong mot byte.
Trnh hp dch se thi hanh s chuyen oi can thiet, v vay hai lenh sau ay
la nh nhau :
CLR P1.7
CLR 97H
Trong mot v du khac, xem xet giao tiep en mot thiet b vi mot bit
trang thai goi la BUSY, c set khi thiet b ang ban va c xoa khi
thiet b a san sang. Neu BUSY c noi ti P1.5, vong lap sau se c
dung e ch thiet b tr lai trang thai san sang :
WAIT : JB P1.5, WAIT
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Lenh nay co ngha la neu bit P1.5 c set th nhay ti nhan
WAIT. Noi cach khac nhay tr lai va kiem tra lan na.
6 Cac thanh ghi timer:
8051/8031 cha ba bo nh thi / em 16 bit c dung cho viec nh
thi hoac em s kien. Timer 0 a ch 8AH (TL0 : byte thap) va 8CH
(TH0 : byte cao). Timer 1 a ch 8BH (TL1 : byte thap) va 8DH (TH1 :
byte cao). Timer 2 (TL2: byte thap va TH2: byte cao). Viec van hanh
timer0 va timer1 c set bi thanh ghi Timer Mode (TMOD) a ch
89H va thanh ghi ieu khien timer (TCON) a ch 88H. Viec van hanh
timer2 c set bi thanh ghi Timer2 Mode ( T2MOD) a ch 0C9H va
thanh ghi ieu khien (T2CON) a ch 0C8H. Ch co TCON va T2CON
c a ch hoa tng bit. c cho bang sau:
Thanh ghi TMOD (Timer Mode): dung e xac lap che o hoat
ong cho bo timer.

4 bit cao xac lap Timer 1
4 bit thap xac lap Timer 0
- M1,M0 : xac lap Mode
M1 M0 Mode
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 2
1 1 3

C/T = : bo timer nhan xung clock t dao ong noi.
C/T = : bo timer nhan xung clock t ben ngoai ( t ngo T0 hay
T1)
- Gate : ieu khien m rong.
Gate C/ T M1 M0 Gate C/ T M1 M0

) / ( / timer counter T C
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Gate = 0 : bo Timer hoat ong bnh thng
Gate = 1 : bo timer ch hoat ong khi ngo INT
x
=0
Thanh ghi TCON ( Timer control)
TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT2 IE0 IT0
(4 bit thap khong dung cho Timer)
Thanh ghi T2CON :
TF2 EXF2 RCLK TCLK EXEN2 TR2 C/ 2 T CP/ 2 RL
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Xac lap MODE timer2:
RCLK + TCLK CP/ 2 RL TR2 MODE
0 0 1 16-Bit Auto-Reload
0 1 1 16-Bit Capture
1 X 1 Baud Rate Generator
X X 0 (Off)
TF
x
: ( Timer flag) : c tran timer x : khi bo em b tran th TF
x
=1 ( sau
khi tran phai xoa ve 0)
7 Cac thanh ghi port noi tiep:
8051/8031 cha mot port noi tiep tren chip danh cho viec trao oi
thong tin vi cac thiet b noi tiep nh may tnh, modem hoac cho viec
giao tiep vi cac IC khac co giao tiep noi tiep (cac bo chuyen oi A/D,
cac thanh ghi dch...). Mot thanh ghi goi la bo em d lieu noi tiep
(SBUF) a ch 99H se gi ca hai d lieu truyen va nhan. Khi truyen d
lieu th ghi len SBUF, khi nhan d lie u th oc SBUF. Cac mode van
hanh khac nhau c lap trnh qua thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep
(SCON) (c a ch hoa tng bit) a ch 98H.
8 Cac thanh ghi ngat:
8051/8031 co cau truc 5 nguon ngat, 2 mc u tien. Cac ngat b
cam sau khi reset he thong va se c cho phep bang viec ghi thanh ghi
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cho phep ngat (IE) a ch A8H. Ca hai thanh ghi c a ch hoa tng
bit.
9 Thanh ghi ieu khien cong suat.
Thanh ghi ieu khien cong suat (PCON) a ch 87H cha nhieu
bit ieu khien. Chung c tom tat trong bang sau :











Y. bAD Yl bD ShO .
Cac bit khoa bo nh chng trnh. Vi ieu khien AT89C52 co 3 bit
khoa co the bo khong lap trnh (U) hoac c lap trnh (P) e nhan cac
ac trng them vao c liet ke trong bang di ay (vi LB1, LB2, LB3
la cac bit khoa tng ng).

Che
o
LB
1
LB
2
LB3 Kieu bao ve
1 U U U Khong khoa chng trnh
2 P U U Cac lenh MOVC c thi hanh t bo nh
chng trnh ngoai b cam khi lay cac byte ma
t bo nh noi, /EA c lay mau va c chot
4 Khong nh ngha.
3 GF1 Bit c a dung 1.
2 GF0 Bit c a dung 0.
1 PD Giam cong suat, c set e kch hoat
mode giam cong suat, ch thoat khi reset
0 IDL Mode ch, set e kch hoat mode ch, ch
thoat khi co ngat hoac reset he thong.
Bit Ky hieu Y ngha
7 SMOD Bit gap oi toc o baud, neu c set th
toc o baud se tang gap oi trong cac mode
1,2 va 3 cua port noi tiep.
6 Khong nh ngha.
5 Khong nh ngha.
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lai khi reset va hn na, viec lap trnh bo nh
Flash la b cam.
3 P P U Nh che o 2 nhng viec kiem tra cung b cam
4 P P P Nh che o 3 nhng viec thi hanh ngoai cung
b cam.
Khi bit khoa 1 c lap trnh, mc logic tai chan EA c lay mau
va chot lai khi reset. Neu thiet b c bat nguon ma khong co reset, viec
chot se c khi tao vi mot gia tr ngau nhien cho en khi c reset.
Gia tr c chot cua EA phai bang vi mc logic hien tai chan o e
cho thiet b lam viec mot cach chnh xac.
Yl. hDAT DSC CUA PDkT SDl TllP.
1 Gii thieu:
8051/8031 co mot port noi tiep trong chip co the hoat ong nhieu
che o tren mot dai tan so rong. Chc nang chu yeu cua port noi tiep la
thc hien chuyen oi song song sang noi tiep oi vi d lieu xuat, va
chuyen oi noi tiep sang song song vi d lieu nhap.
Truy xuat phan cng en port noi tiep qua cac chan TXD va RXD.
Cac chan nay co cac chc nang khac vi hai bit cua Port 3, P3.1 chan 11
(TXD) va P3.0 chan 10 (RXD).
Port noi tiep cho hoat ong song cong (full duplex : thu va phat
ong thi), va em luc thu (receiver buffering) cho phep mot ky t se
c thu va c gi trong khi ky t th hai c nhan. Neu CPU oc ky
t th nhat trc khi ky t th hai c thu c thu ay u th d lieu se
khong b mat.
Hai thanh ghi chc nang ac biet cho phep phan mem truy xuat en
port noi tiep la : SBUF va SCON. Bo em port noi tiep (SBUF) a ch
99H that s la hai bo em. Viet vao SBUF e nap d lieu se c phat, va
oc SBUF e truy xuat d lieu thu c. ay la hai thanh ghi rieng biet :
thanh ghi ch ghi e phat va thanh ghi ch oc e thu.


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Thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep (SCON) a ch 98H la thanh
ghi co a ch bit cha cac bit trang thai va cac bit ieu khien. Cac bit ieu
khien at che o hoat ong cho port noi tiep, va cac bit trang thai bao ket
thuc viec phat hoac thu ky t. Cac bit trang thai co the c kiem tra bang
phan mem hoac co the c lap trnh e tao ngat.
Tan so lam viec cua port noi tiep, con goi la toc o baud co the co
nh (lay t bo dao ong tren chip). Neu s dung toc o baud thay oi,
Timer 1 se cung cap xung nhp toc o baud va phai c lap trnh.
2 Thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep:
Che o hoat ong cua port noi tiep c at bang cach ghi vao
thanh ghi che o port noi tiep (SCON) a ch 98H. Sau ay la cac bang
tom tat thanh ghi SCON va cac che o cua port noi tiep :








CLK SBUF
Q
(ch ghi)

TXD
(P3.1)

Thanh ghi dch


D
CLK
Xung nhp
toc o baud
(phat)
Xung nhp
toc o baud
(thu)
RXD
(P3.0)

SBUF
(ch oc)

Bus noi 8051/8031
Bit Ky hieu a ch Mo ta
SCON.7 SM0 9FH Bit 0 cua che o port noi tiep.
SCON.6 SM1 9EH Bit 1 cua che o port noi tiep.
SCON.5 SM2 9DH Bit 2 cua che o port noi tiep. Cho phep truyen
thong a x ly trong cac che o 2 va 3; RI se
khong b tac ong neu bit th 9 thu c la 0.
SCON.4 REN 9CH Cho phep bo thu phai c at len 1 e thu (nhan)
cac ky t.
SCON.3 TB8 9BH Bit 8 phat, bit th 9 c phat trong cac che o 2
va 3; c at va xoa bang phan mem.
SCON.2 RB8 9AH Bit 8 thu, bit th 9 thu c.
SCON.1 TI 99H C ngat phat. at len 1 khi ket thuc phat ky t;
c xoa bang phan mem.
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Tom tat thanh ghi che o port noi tiep SCON.






Cac che o port noi tiep.
Trc khi s dung port noi tiep, phai khi o ng SCON cho ung che
o. V du, lenh MOV SCON, #01010010B khi ong port noi tiep cho
che o 1 (SM0/SM1 = 0/1), cho phep bo thu (REN = 1) va at c ngat phat
(T1 = 1) e ch bo phat san sang hoat ong.

3 Cac che o hoat ong:
Port noi tiep co 4 che o hoat ong, co the chon c bang cach viet cac
so 1 hay 0 vao cac bit SM0 va SM1 trong SCON. Co ba che o cho phep
truyen thong bat ong bo, vi moi ky t c thu (nhan) hoac phat eu
c ong khung bang mot bit start va 1 bit stop. che o th t, port noi
tiep hoat ong nh mot thanh ghi dch n gian.
a) Thanh ghi dch 8 bit (che o 0):
Che o 0 c chon bang cach ghi cac bit 0 vao SM1 va SM0 cua
SCON, a port noi tiep vao che o thanh ghi dch 8 bit. D lieu noi tiep
SM0 SM1 Che o Mo ta Toc o baud
0 0 0 Thanh ghi dch Co nh (F
OSC
/12).
0 1 1 UART 8 bit Thay oi (at bang timer).
1 0 2 UART 9 bit Co nh (F
OSC
chia cho 12 hoac 64).
1 1 3 UART 9 bit Thay oi (at bang timer).
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vao va ra qua RXD va TXD xuat xung nhp dch. 8 bit c phat hoac thu
vi bit au tien la LSB. Toc o baud co nh 1/12 tan so dao ong tren
chip.
Viec phat i c khi ong bang bat c lenh nao ghi d lieu vao
SBUF. D lieu c dch ra ngoai tren ng RXD (P3.0) vi cac xung
nhp c gi ra ng TXD (P3.1). Moi bit phat i hp le (tren RXD)
trong mot chu ky may. Trong moi chu ky may, tn hieu xung nhap xuong
thap S3P1 va tr ve mc cao S6P1.




















S1
P1 P2
S2
P1 P2
S3
P1 P2
S4
P1 P2
S5
P1 P2
S6
P1 P2
Mot chu ky may

OS
C
AL
E

Bit d lieu hp le

D lieu
xuat
Clock
dch

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D lieu xuat
ALE

Phong to
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Gian o thi gian port noi tiep phat che o 0.
Viec thu c khi ong khi bit cho phep bo thu (REN) la 1 va bit
ngat thu (RI) la 0. Qui tac tong quat la at REN khi bat au chng trnh
e khi ong port noi tiep, roi xoa RI e bat au hoat ong nhap d lieu.
Khi RI b xoa, cac xung nhp c a ra ng TXD, bat au chu ky may
ke tiep, va d lieu theo xung nhp ng RXD. Lay xung nhp cho d
lieu vao port noi tiep xay ra canh dng cua TXD.






Gian o thi gian port noi tiep thu che o 0.

Mot ng dung cua che o thanh ghi dch la m rong kha nang xuat
cua 8051/8031. IC thanh ghi dch noi tiep ra song song co the c noi vao
cac ng TXD va RXD cua 8051/8031 e cung cap them 8 ng ra. Co
the noi xau chuoi them cac thanh ghi dch e m rong them.





Clock dch
(TXD)
ALE
Mot chu ky may
D0 D0 D0 D0 D0 D0 D0 D0
D lieu nhap (RXD)

Clock Thanh ghi

D lieu dch

TXD (P3.1)

RXD (P3.0)
8051
Them 8 ngo ra
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Che o thanh ghi dch cua port noi tiep.
b) UART 8 bit vi toc o baud thay oi c (che o 1).
che o 1, port noi tiep cua 8051/8031 lam viec nh mot UART 8
bit vi toc o baud thay oi c. Mot UART (Universal Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter : Bo thu/phat bat ong bo van nang) la mot dung cu
thu va phat d lieu noi tiep vi moi ky t d lieu i trc la bit start mc
thap va theo sau la bit stop mc cao. oi khi xen them bit kiem tra chan
le gia bit d lieu cuoi cung va bit stop. Hoat ong chu yeu cua UART la
chuyen oi song song sang noi tiep vi d lieu xuat va chuyen oi noi tiep
sang song song vi d lieu nhap.
che o 1, 10 bit c phat tren TXD hoac thu tren RXD. Nhng
bit o la : 1 bit start (luon luon la 0), 8 bit d lieu (LSB au tien) va 1 bit
stop (luon luon la 1) . Vi hoat ong thu, bit stop c a vao RB8
trong SCON. Trong 8051/8031 che do baud c at bang toc o bao tran
cua Timer 1.
Tao xung nhp va ong bo hoa cac thanh ghi dch cua port noi tiep
trong cac che o 1, 2 va 3 c thiet lap bang bo em 4 bit chia cho 16,
ngo ra la xung nhp toc o baud. Ngo vao cu a bo em nay c chon qua
phan mem









Tao xung nhp port noi tiep.
Truyen d lieu (phat) c khi ong bang cach ghi vao SBUF,
Xung nhp toc o baud
Thanh ghi dch port noi tiep
16
16 toc o
baud
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nhng van cha that s bat au chay cho en khi s thay the ke tiep cua
bo em chia cho 16 cung cap toc o baud cong noi tiep. D lieu c dch
ra ngoai tren ng TXD bat au bang bit start, theo sau la 8 bit d lieu va
sau cung la bit stop. o rong (theo thi gian cua moi bit) la nghch ao cua
toc o baud c lap trnh trong timer. C ngat phat (TI) c at len 1
khi xuat hien bit stop tren TXD.







at c TI port noi tiep.

Viec thu d lieu c khi ong bang mot chuyen trang thai t 1
xuong 0 tren RXD. Bo em 16 tc thi c xoa e ong bo so em vi
luong bit en. Luong bit en c lay mau gia 16 lan em.
Bo thu se phat hien c bit start sai bang cach yeu cau trang thai 0
(bit start) lan em th 8 sau khi co chuyen trang thai t 1 xuong 0 au
tien. Neu ieu nay khong xay ra, ngi ta gia s la bo thu c kch bi
nhieu ch khong phai do mot ky t hp le. Bo thu c reset va quay ve
trang thai ngh (idle), tm kiem (i) chuyen trang thai t 1 xuong 0 ke.
Gia s a phat hien c bit start hp le, th tiep tuc thu ky t. Bit
start c bo qua va 8 bit d lieu c a vao thanh ghi dch cong noi
tiep theo xung nhp. Khi a co c tat ca 8 bit, ieu sau ay xay ra :
1. Bit th 9 (bit stop) c chot vao RB8 trong SCON.
2. SBUF c nap vi 8 bit d lieu.
3. C ngat bo thu (RI) c at len 1.
Tuy nhien, nhng ieu nay ch xay ra neu a co nhng ieu kien sau :

bit
start

bit
stop
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
TX
D
1
toc o
baud
TI
(SCON.1)
Ngat phat
(chuan b cho d lieu)
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1. RI = 0
2. SM2 = 1 va bit stop thu c la 1, hoac SM2 = 0.
oi hoi RI = 0 e bao am la phan mem a oc ky t trc (va RI
c xoa). ieu kien th hai hi phc tap nhng ch ap dung trong che o
truyen thong a x ly. ieu o ham y la khong at RI len 1 trong che o
truyen thong a x ly khi bit d lieu th 9 la 0).
c) UART 9 bit vi toc o baud co nh (che o 2):
Khi SM1 = 1 va SM0 = 0, cong noi tiep lam viec che o 2, nh
mot UART 9 bit co toc o baud co nh. 11 bit se c phat hoac thu : 1
bit start, 8 bit d lieu, bit d lieu th 9 co the lap trnh c va 1 bit stop.
Khi phat, bit th 9 la bat c g a c a vao TB8 trong SCON (co the
la bit parity). Khi thu, bit th 9 thu c se trong RB8. Toc o baud
che o 2 la 1/32 hoac 1/16 tan so dao ong tren chip.
d) UART 9 bit vi toc o baud thay oi c.
Che o nay giong nh che o 2 ngoai tr toc o baud co the lap
trnh c va c cung cap bi timer. That ra, cac che o 1,2 va 3 rat
giong nhau. Cac khac biet la toc o baud (co nh trong che o 2, thay
oi trong cac che o 1 va 3) va so bit d lieu (8 trong che o 1, 9 trong
cac che o 2 va 3).
4 Khi ong va truy xuat cac thanh ghi cong noi tiep:
a) Cho phep thu:
Bit cho phep bo thu (REN = Receiver Enable) trong SCON phai c at
len 1 bang phan mem e cho phep thu cac ky t. Thong thng thc hien
viec nay au chng trnh khi khi ong cong noi tiep, timer, ... Co the
thc hien viec nay theo hai cach. Lenh SETB REN se at REN len 1,
hoac lenh MOV SCON, #xxx1xxxxB se at REN len 1 va at hoac xoa
cac bit khac trong SCON khi can (Cac x phai la 0 hoac 2 e at che o
lam viec).
b) Bit d lieu th 9:
Bit d lieu th 9 can phat trong cac che o 2 va 3 phai c nap
vao trong TB8 bang phan mem. Bit d lieu d lieu th 9 thu c at
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RB8. Phan mem co the can hoac khong can bit d lieu th 9, phu thuoc
vao ac tnh ky thuat cua thiet b noi tiep s dung. (Bit d lieu th 9 cung
ong mot vai tro quan trong trong truyen thong a x ly).
c) Them 1 bit parity:
Thng s dung bit d lieu th 9 e them parity vao ky t. Nh a
xet cac chng trc, bit P trong t trang thai chng trnh (PSW) c
at len 1 hoac b xoa moi chu ky may e thiet lap kiem tra chan vi 8 bit
trong thanh ghi tch luy. V du, neu truyen thong can 8 bit d lieu cong
them kiem tra chan, co the s dung cac lenh sau e phat 8 bit trong thanh
ghi tch luy vi kiem tra chan them vao bit th 9 :
MOV C, P ; at bit parity chan vao TB8
MOV TB8, C ; no tr thanh bit d lieu th 9
MOV SBUF, A ; Chuyen 8 bit t ACC vao SBUF.
Neu can parity le th sa cac lenh lai nh sau :
MOV C, P ; at bit parity chan vao c C
CPL C ; oi sang parity le
MOV TB8, C
MOV SBUF, A
D nhien, viec s dung parity khong b gii han cac che o 2 va 3.
che o 1, 8 bit d lieu c truyen i co the bao gom 7 bit d lieu cong
them bit parity. e truyen ma ASCII 7 bit vi parity chan bit 8, co the s
dung cac lenh sau :
CLR ACC.7 ; bao am MSB c xoa
PMOV C, P ; parity chan trong
MOV ACC.7, C ; at parity chan vao MSB
MOV SBUF, A ; Gi ky t i 7 bit d lieu cong prity chan.
d) Cac c ngat:
Hai c ngat thu va phat (RI va TI) trong SCON ong mot vai tro
quan trong trong truyen thong noi tiep dung 8051/8031. Ca hai bit c
at len 1 bang phan cng, nhng phai c xoa bang phan mem.
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V du, thng RI c at len 1 khi ket thuc vie c thu ky t va bao
bo em thu tran. ieu kien nay co the c kiem tra trong phan mem
hoac co the c lap trnh e gay ra mot ngat. Neu phan mem muon nhap
mot ky t t thiet b c noi vao cong noi tiep (co the la thiet b au cuoi
hien th video), no phai i cho en khi RI c at len 1, roi xoa RI va
oc ky t t SBUF. Chng trnh nh sau :
WAIT : JNB RI, WAIT ; Kiem tra RI cho en khi no = 1
CLR RI ; Xoa RI
MOV A, SBUF ; oc ky t
TI c at len 1 cuoi luc phat ky t va bao bo em phat trong.
Neu phan mem muon gi mot ky t en mot thiet b c noi vao cong
noi tiep, trc het no phai kiem tra xem cong noi tiep san sang cha. Noi
cach khac, neu ky t trc a c gi i, i cho en khi viec truyen d
lieu hoan tat trc khi gi ky t ke. Cac lenh sau se truyen ky t trong
thanh ghi tch luy:
WAIT : JNB TI, WAIT ; Kiem tra TI cho en khi no bang 1
CLR TI ; Xoa TI
MOV SBUF, A ; Gi ky t i.
Cac oan chng trnh tren la mot phan cua cac ham nhap va xuat
ky t chuan.

5 Toc o baud port noi tiep:
Nh a noi, toc o baud co nh cac che o 0 va 2. Trong che o
0, no luon luon la tan so dao ong tren chip c chia cho 12. Thong
thng thach anh an nh tan so dao ong tren chip cua 8051/8031, nhng
cung co the s dung nguon xung nhp khac. Gia s vi tan so dao ong
danh nh la 12 MHz, th toc o baud che o 0 la 1 MHz.



12
xung nhp toc
o baud
dao ong
tren chip
a) che o 0
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Cac nguon tao xung nhp cho port noi tiep.
Mac nhien sau khi reset he thong, toc o baud che o 2 la tan so bo
dao ong chia cho 64. Toc o baud cung b anh hng bi mot bit trong
thanh ghi ieu khien nguon cung cap (PCON). Bit 7 cua PCON la bit
SMOD. at bit SMOD len 1 lam gap oi toc o baud trong cac che o 1, 2
va 3. Trong che o 2, toc o baud co the b gap oi t gia tr mac nhien
cua 1/64 tan so dao ong (SMOD = 0) en 1/32 tan so dao ong (SMOD =
1).
V PCON khong c nh a ch theo bit, nen e at bit SMOD len 1 can
phai theo cac lenh sau :
MOV A, PCON ; Lay gia tr hien thi cua PCON
SETB ACC.7 ; at bit 7 (SMOD) len 1
MOV PCON, A ; Ghi gia tr ngc ve PCON.
Cac toc o baud trong cac che o 1 va 3 c xac nh bang toc o
tran cua Timer 1. V timer hoat ong tan so tng oi cao, tran timer
c chia them cho 32 (16 neu SMOD = 1) trc khi cung cap xung nhp
32
xung nhp toc
o baud
dao ong
tren chip
c) cac che o 1 va 3.
16
SMOD = 0
SMOD = 1
64
xung nhp toc
o baud
dao ong
tren chip
b) che o 2
32
SMOD = 0
SMOD = 1
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toc o baudcho port noi tiep.
* S dung Timer 1 lam xung nhp toc o baud
Xet 8051, cach thong dung e tao toc o baud la khi ong TMOD
cho che o 8 bit t ong nap lai (che o 2) va at gia tr nap lai ung vao
TH1 e cho toc o tran ung vi toc o baud. TMOD c khi ong nh
sau :
MOV TMOD, #0010xxxxB
Cac x la cac bit 1 hoac 0 can cho timer.
Cung co the at c cac toc o baud thap bang cach s dung timer
che o 1 vi TMOD = 0001xxxxB. Tuy nhien, ton them phan mem v cac
thanh ghi TH1/TL1 phai c khi ong lai sau moi lan tran. Viec nay se
c thc hien trong chng trnh phuc vu ngat. Mot chon la khac la cap
xung nhp cho Timer 1 t ngoai dung T1(P3.5). Va luon luon toc o baud
la toc o tran cua Timer 1 c chia cho 32 (hoac cho 16, neu SMOD = 1).
Cong thc tong quat e xac nh toc o baud trong cac che o 1 va 3
la :
Toc o baud = Toc o tran cua Timer 1 32.
V du, muon lam viec vi toc o baud la 1200 baud, th toc o tran
cua Timer 1 phai la :
1200 32 = 38.4 KHz.
Neu dung thach anh 12 MHz, Timer 1 c cap xung nhp 1 MHz hay
1000 KHz. V toc o tran cua Timer 1 la 38.4 KHz va timer c cap xung
hp 1000 KHz, th can tran sau 1000 38.4 = 26.04 xung nhp (lam tron la
26). V timer em len va tran xay ra khi co s thay oi t FFH xuong 00H
so em. Nh vay gia tr ung can nap vao TH1 la 26. Cach de nhat e
at gia tr nap lai vao TH1 la :
MOV TH1, # 26
Trnh hp dch se thc hien chuyen oi can thiet. Trong trng hp nay
26 c chuyen thanh 0E6H. Nh vay, lenh tren hoan toan giong vi lenh
:
MOV TH1, # 0E6H
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Do viec lam tron nen co sai so nho trong toc o baud. Tong quat th
cho phep dung sai 5% trong truyen thong bat ong bo (start/stop). Co the
co c toc o baud chnh xac neu dung thach anh 11.059 MHz. Bang sau
ay tom tat cac gia tr nap lai cho cac toc o baud thong dung nhat, dung
thach anh 12 MHZ hoac 11.059 MHz :








Bang tom tat toc o baud.
Toc o
baud
9600 12.000 MHz 1 7 (F9H) 8923 7%
2400 12.000 MHz 0 13 (F3H) 2404 0.16%
1200 12.000 MHz 0 26 (E6H) 1202 0.16%
19200 11.059 MHz 1 3 (FDH) 19200 0
9600 11.059 MHz 0 3 (FDH) 9600 0
2400 11.059 MHz 0 12 (F4H) 2400 0
1200 11.059 MHz 0 24 (E8H) 1200 0
Tan so
thach anh
SMOD
Gia tr nap lai
vao TH1
Toc o
baud that
Sai so
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Chng 3:
lll. kTXSl TlSY
ClOl ThllU.
e tang hieu qua lam viec cung nh yeu cau nhat thiet cua chng
trnh la phai thc hien ong thi nhieu cong viec hoac nhieu tac vu. V the
chng trnh nay c viet theo he ieu hanh thi gian thc (real_time
operating system) cho phep sap xep danh muc ong thi nhieu tac vu
trong he thong nguon s dung chng trnh RTX-Tiny(RTX51) cua phan
mem Keil.
u iem cua viec xay dng chng trnh theo kieu nay la hoat ong
cua cac cong viec khac nhau trong chng trnh co the hoat ong oc lap,
khong gay anh hng vi nhau ve mat thi gian x ly. Neu v mot ly do
khong mong muon nao o ma mot tac vu trong he thong chng trnh
khong thc hien c hoac thi gian thc hien qua ln, hoac co mot vai
vong lap vo tan trong chng trnh th he thong khong b treo ma cac tac
vu khac van co the hoat ong bnh thng.
1 Gii thieu phan mem Keil:
Khong nh cac chng trnh viet cho vi x ly trc ay, chng trnh
trong luan van nay khong dung ngon ng hp ng (assemler) ma c viet
bang ngon ng lap trnh C va lien ket vi chng trnh C51-compile cua
phan mem Keil e dch sang ngon ng may. ay la phan mem chuye n
dung s dung ngon ng lap trnh C e lap trnh cho cac loai vi x ly c
san xuat bi nhieu hang khac nhau tren the gii, chng trnh nay cha tat
ca cac ham C m rong can thiet cho vi ieu khien c s dung. Tien ch
cua cach viet nay la ngon ng lap trnh C la ngon ng lap trnh cap cao
hn va gan gui vi ngi s dung hn ngon ng may tnh assembler.
Ngoai ra, cau truc chng trnh viet bang C cung gon hn va de quan ly
hn vi cac cau lenh va vong lap n gian, ieu nay that s co li khi ta
muon nang cap hay m rong chng trnh.
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Song song vi nhng tien ch tren, chng trnh C51 cua phan mem
Keil con ho tr cho ta mot so ham c ban nh cac ham vao/ ra (v du nh:
ham xuat nhap ky t n getchar(),putchar(); ham xuat nhap chuoi ky t
gets(), puts()), cac ham thi gian thc cua chng trnh RTX51 Tiny va
mot so ham khac giup he thong hoat ong hoan hao hn.
Ben canh o, chng trnh bien dch va chng trnh chay mo phong
tren may tnh (chng trnh Debug) cua phan mem Keil la mot thuan li
rat ln. No giup cho ngi lap trnh co the quan sat chng trnh mot cach
chnh xac vi cac bc thc hien va tng lenh chay trong chng trnh, co
ca ma chng trnh viet bang ngon ng C va chng trnh dch sang ma
Assembler tng ng do chng trnh C51-compiler thc hien. Ngoai ra,
vi phan mem nay ta con co the theo doi c s thay oi gia tr cua cac
bien can quan sat, cac ham ngat, cac gia tr vao/ra tai cac chan Port, cac
gia tr d lieu truyen qua SBUF va ca cac gia tr timer v.v..
2 Gii thieu chng trnh tuan hoan theo thi gian
bieu cua TRX51 tiny:
RTX51 cua phan mem Keil c viet theo he ieu hanh thi gian
thc giup chng trnh co the thc hien a nhiem (multi-tasking), cho phep
mot vai tac vu hoac vai vong lap vo tan c thc hien gan nh song song
nhau trong chng trnh .
Tuy nhien cac tac vu trong chng trnh nay khong xay ra ong thi
ma do viec sap xep cac tac vu theo cac mui thi gian c chia nho, tc
tai mot thi iem ch mot cong viec c thc hien ma thoi. ong ho cua
CPU co the c chia thanh nhieu mui thi gian va chng trnh se tuan t
sap xep moi mui thi gian cho mot tac vu. Moi tac vu c phep thc hien
trong khoang thi gian toi a nh trc va sau o chng trnh se chuyen
sang mot tac vu khac a san sang thc hien, chng trnh c the lap lai
tuan t. V moi mui thi gian c chia rat nho, thng ch vai mili giay
hoac nho hn nen chng trnh luon c quet qua lien tuc va v the cac
tac vu dng nh xay ra ong thi. Neu tai mot thi iem nao o ma
khong co mot tac vu nao thc hien th tac vu c khi ong ke tiep se
trang thai san sang (ready) hoac trang thai ngh (time-out).
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RTX51 s dung cac thu tuc thi gian c ngat bi phan cng cua
timer 8051. Chu ky ngat c xay dng va s dung theo ong ho cua
RTX51.
RTX51 khong yeu cau co mot ham Main trong chng trnh. No se
t ong goi va thc hien chng trnh bat au t tac vu 0. Neu ta s dung
ham Main trong chng trnh, ta phai khi ong RTX51 s dung ham
os_create_task va ham os_start_system trong RTX51.
Khi ri vao trang thai ngh (timer out), thay v tam dng thc hien
mot tac vu va ng ch mot lan quet khac, ta co the s dung ham os_wait
e tn hieu RTX51co the bat au chuyen sang thc hien mot tac vu khac.
Ham nay thc hien viec tr hoan tac vu hien hanh va i cho en khi co
mot s kien c nh trc xay en. Trong khoang thi gian ngh nay bat
c mot tac vu nao khac cung co the c thc hien.
- S dung thi gian ngh (time-out) vi RTX51:
Mot s kien n gian nhat ma ta co the i vi ham os_wait la
khoang thi gian ngh theo nhp ong ho cua RTX51. S kien nay
co the c s dung trong nhng tac vu ma co yeu cau delay. Trong
vai trng hp no c s dung nh mot switch, ma switch nay ch
can c kiem tra sau nhng khoang thi gian nhat nh. ieu c
minh hoa trong v du sau:
#include <rtx51tny.h>
int counter0;
int counter1;
void job0 (void) _task_ 0
{ os_create ( 1 ) ;
while ( 1 )
{ counter0 ++;
os_wait (K_TMO, 3,0);
}
}
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 62 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

void job1 (void) _task_ 1
{ while (1)
{ counter1++;
os_wait (K_TMO, 5, 0);
}
}
trong v du tren, job0 co the thc hien trc job1. Nhng hien tai,
sau khi tang counter0, job0 goi ham os_wait e tam dng 3khoang chia
thi gian. Ngay luc nay, RTX51 chuyen sang tac vu ke tiep, cu the la
job1,sau khi job1 tang counter1, no cung goi ham os_wait e tam dng 5
khoang chia thi gian. Luc nay, RTX51 khong co tac vu nao khac e thc
hien, v the no ri vao trang thai khong lam g ca va i het 3 khoang chia
thi gian troi qua trc khi tiep tuc thc hien job1.
Ket qua cua v du nay la counter0 c tang sau mo i 3 khoang thi
gian va counter1 c tang sau moi 5 khoang chia thi gian.
- S dung tn hieu vi RTX51:
Ta co the dung ham os-wait e tam dng mot tac vu trong khi
i mot tn hieu t mot tac vu khac. ieu nay co the s du ng cho
hai hay nhieu tac vu ngang bang nhau. i mot tn hieu lam viec co
ngha la: Neu mot tac vu ang i mot tn hieu ,va c tn hieu la 0,
tac vu nay se c tr hoan cho en khi co tn hieu gi en. Neu c
tn hieu a len 1 khi 1 tac vu hoi, c nay se c xoa, va tac vu o
lai tiep tuc thc hien. ieu nay c minh hoa trong v du sau:
#include <rtx51tny.h>
int counter0;
int counter1;
void job0 (void) _task_ 0
{ os_create ( 1 ) ;
while ( 1 )
{ if ( ++counter0 == 0 )
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Chng 1:
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Luan Van Tot Nghiep 63 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

os_send_signal ( 1 ) ;
}
}
void job1 (void) _task_ 1
{ while (1)
{ os_wait (K_SIG, 0, 0);
counter1++;
}
}
Trong v du tren, job1 se i cho en khi no nhan c tn hieu t
mot hoac vai tac vu khac gi en. Khi nhan c tn hieu, no se tang
counter1 va lai i mot tn hieu khac. job0 lien tuc tang counter0 no tran
en 0. Khi ieu o xay ra, job 0 gi mot tn hieu en job1 va chng trnh
RTX51 anh dau job1 la san sang thc hien. Tuy nhien, job1 se khong
c thc hien trong suot thi gian RTX51 nhan no cho en khi chuyen
sang mot mui thi gian ke tiep.
- S u tien va quyen u tien:
Mot bat li cua chng trnh v du tren la job1 khong c bat au
ngay khi nhan c tn hieu t job0 . Trong mot so trng hp ieu nay
khong c chap nhan v l do thi gian . RTX51 cho phep ta xac nh mc
u tien cho tng tac vu . Mot tac vu vi mc u tien cao hn se c ngat
hoac c quyen u tien hn oi vi mot tac vu co mc u tien thap hn
bat c khi nao no can c thc hien.
Trong v du tren, ta co the thay oi cach khai bao cho job1 nhan
mc u tien cao hn job0. Theo mac nh, tat ca cac tac vu c nh mc
u tien la 0, la mc u tien thap nhat. Cac mc u tien cho phep la t 0
en 3. Trong v du tren ta, co the nh ngha job1 vi mc u tien cap 1
nh sau:
Void job1 (void) _ task_ 1 _priority_ 1
{While (1)
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Chng 1:
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Luan Van Tot Nghiep 64 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

{ Os_wait (K_SIG, 0, 0 );
Counter1++;
}
}
Vi cach khai bao nay, bat c khi nao job0 gi tn hieu en job1,
job1 se bat au thc hien ngay.
3 Mot so yeu cau va nh ngha oi vi chng trnh
RTX51 Tiny:
ieu khien ngat:
RTX51 Tiny co the hoat ong song song vi cac ham ngat. Tng t
nh cac ng dung khac cua 8051, nguon ngat phai c cho phep bi cac
thanh ghi phan cng cua 8051 e tao ra mot ngat. RTX51 Tiny khong cha
bat c mot s ieu khien nao cho cac ngat; v ly do o, mot cho phep ngat
cu the la u e x ly ngat.RTX51 Tiny s dung timer 0 va ngat timer0 cua
8051 cho he thi gian thc. Ngoai tr cac cau truc khac cua 8051, e tranh
s trung lap trong x ly ngat timer0 khong nen c s dung trong chng
trnh.
Registerbanks:
RTX51 tiny qui tat ca cac tac vu vao registerbank 0. V ly do o, tat ca
cac ham tac vu phai c chuyen t ngon ng cap cao sang ngon ng cap
thap theo nh ngha cua chng trnh C51. Cac ham ngat co the s dung
cac registerbank con lai. Tuy nhien, RTX51 yeu cau 6 byte co nh trong
khong gian registerbank. Cac registerbank c s dung bi RTX51 Tiny
co the c nh ngha theo bien cau hnh INT_REGBANK trong th vien
ham cua chng trnh C51.
nh ngha tac vu:
Chng trnh thi gian thc hay a nhie m (multitasking) c bien
soan vi mot hoac vai tac vu thc hien rieng biet. RTX51 cho phep thc
hien len en 16 tac vu. Cac tac vu la nhng ham n cua chng trnh C
co gia tr tra ve dang void va danh sach cac oi so dang void c khai
bao thuoc tnh ham nh sau:
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 65 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

void func (void) _task_ num
{}
vi num la so ID cua tac vu c anh so lien tuc t 0 en 15.
4 Cac ham th vien cua RTX51-tiny :

Ham Mo ta
Os-create-task Ghi mot tac vu vao danh sach thc hien
Os-delete_task Xoa mot tac vu khoi danh sach thc hien
Os_send_signal Gi tn hieu en mot tac vu khac t mot ngat
Os- clear_signal Xoa tn hieu a uc gi
Os_running_task_id Tr ve tac vu th ID t tac vu hien hanh
Os-wait Tam dng tac vu hien hanh va i mot hoac
vai s kien nh: 1 khoang thi gian qui nh,
khoang thi gian ngh hoac tn hieu t mot tac
vu khac hay mot ngat.
Os-wait1 Tam dng tac vu hien hanh va i mot s
kien la tn hieu t mot tac vu khac.
Os-wait2 Tam dng tac vu hien hanh va i mot hoac
vai s kien nh : 1khoang thi gian qui nh,
khoang thi gian ngh hoac tn hieu t mot tac
vu khac hay mot ngat.

Cac thong so ham:
Ham os_create_task:
#include<rtx51tny.h>
char os_create_task (unsigned char task_id) /*tac vu th id*/
Ham Os-delete_task:
#include<rtx51tny.h>
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 66 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

char os_delete_task (insigned char task_id)
ham Dsscndsigna|
#include<rtx51tny.h>
char os_send_signal (insigned char task_id)
Ham Os- clear_signal:
#include<rtx51tny.h>
char os_clear_signal (insigned char task_id)
Ham Os_running_task_id:
#include<rtx51tny.h>
char os_running_task_id (void)
Ham Os-wait:
#include<rtx51tny>
char os_wait (unsigned char event_sel, /*event: s kien ch*/
unsigned char ticks, /*khoang thi gian ch*/
unsigned int dummy); /*unused argument*/
cac hang so s kien la:
K_IVL i mot khoang thi gian qui nh
K_SIG i mot tn hieu
K_TMO i mot khoang thi gian ngh
Os-wait1:
#include<rtx51tny>
char os_wait1 (unsigned char event_sel); /*event: s kien ch*/
Hang so s kien ch la K_SIG (i mot tn hieu)
Os-wait2:
char os_wait (unsigned char event_sel, /*event: s kien ch*/
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 67 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

unsigned char ticks); /*khoang thi gian ch*/
cac hang so s kien la:
K_IVL i mot khoang thi gian qui nh
K_SIG i mot tn hieu
K_TMO i mot khoang thi gian ngh


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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 68 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Chng 4:

BOARD DEMO_KIT

Demo_kit la mot ng dung nho cua chng trnh nham mo ta mot so hoat
ong cua cac lenh trong tap lenh va cac thu tuc Protocol c xay dng trong
chng trnh. Board mach thc hien cho chng trnh Demo_kit gom cac khoi
sau:















So Jo [boi
board Dcmo
[it
KHOI X LY
TRUNG TAM (P)
KHOI
RS-232
KHOI INPUT
KHOI
A/D
KHOI
D/A
KHOI HIEN
TH
KHOI OUTPUT
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 69 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga



l. [hDl hllS Thl.






















Khoi hien th bao gom 9 led 7oan ( loai catod chung ) xep thanh 3
day (mot day 3 con) e hien th cac thong so can quan sat.
+5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
D0
D5
D1
D0
E
EA
F
D6
D7
D3
D4
D6
D4
STROBE
A
D2
D7
D1
C
B
D3
D2
CLOCK
D
G
D7
DB
D5
EA
IC7
4094
4
5
6
7
14
13
12
11
9
10
16
8
1
2
3
15
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
QS1
QS2
VCC
GND
STR
D
CLK
OE
RN1
10K
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
LED2
CK
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
DB
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5
8
3
Q2
D468
LED7
CK
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
DB
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5
8
3
R15
10K
IC19
AT89C52
9
18
19
29
30
31
40
5
6
7
8
4
3
2
1
23
24
25
13
14
28
22
12
10
11
17
15
16
26
27
21
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
RST
XTAL2
XTAL1
PSEN
ALE/PROG
EA/VPP
VCC
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P1.3
P1.2
P1.1
P1.0
P2.2/A10
P2.3/A11
P2.4/A12
P3.3/INT1
P3.4/T0
P2.7/A15
P2.1/A9
P3.2/INT0
P3.0/RXD
P3.1/TXD
P3.7/RD
P3.5/T1
P3.6/WR
P2.5/A13
P2.6/A14
P2.0/A8
P0.7/AD7
P0.6/AD6
P0.5/AD5
P0.4/AD4
P0.3/AD3
P0.2/AD2
P0.1/AD1
P0.0/AD0
LED6
CK
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
DB
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5
8
3
LED5
CK
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
DB
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5
8
3
IC4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11 1
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
CLK OE
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
R3-R10
IC8
ULN2803
10 9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
COM GND
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
I8
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
LED1
CK
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
DB
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5
8
3
LED9
CK
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
DB
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5
8
3
R16
150K
LED3
CK
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
DB
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5
8
3
LED4
CK
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
DB
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5
8
3
LED8
CK
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
DB
7
6
4
2
1
9
10
5
8
3
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 70 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

IC chot 74573 xuat cac gia tr can hien th cho ca 9 led. IC nay giao
tiep vi vi x ly qua port 0, nhom ien tr RN1 can thiet v port 0 co ngo
ra cc thu h.
IC 4094 c s dung vi muc ch chon led hien th. ay la IC vi
chc nang la thanh ghi dch 8 bit (chuyen oi d lieu t noi tiep sang song
song). Ly do chnh cho viec s dung IC 4094 trong trng hp nay la tiet
kiem cac chan giao tiep vi vi x ly. e xac lap mc tch cc cho led can
hien th ta lan lt dch vao cac bit 0 hay 1, trong trng hp s dung led
la catod chung (nh tren hnh ve ) e chon led sang ta dch vao bit 0 (tch
cc mc thap ).
Bang s that cua thanh ghi dch 8 bit 4094:

Inputs Parallel out Serial out
CLK OE STR D Q
1
Q
8
Q
S
/Q
S
| 0 X X HiZ HiZ Q
7n
nc
+ 0 X X HiZ HiZ nc Q
8n
| 1 0 X nc nc Q
7n
nc
| 1 1 0 0 Q
7n
Q
7n
nc
| 1 1 1 1 Q
7n
Q
7n
nc
+ 1 1 1 nc nc nc Q
8n

Q
7n
: trang thai cua Q
7
trc khi co xung clock
nc: no connect
IC ULN2803 dung e em dong.


ll. [hDl ClAD TllP AD YA DA.

-5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
-12V
12V
12V
-12V
+12V
+12V
+5V
+5V
EA EA
D6
D1
D4
D2
D4
D7
D6
D3
D3
D2
D0
D7
0-10V
D0
D2
D5
D1
D0
D5
D4
D7
D5
D3
D1
D6
IC2
1
13
3
16
15
2
4
14
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
NC
VCC
VEE
COM
VREF-
GND
Io
VREF+
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
RN1
10K
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R1 2.7K
C1 0.01uF
IC9B
74393
13
12
11
10
9
8
14
7
CLK
CLR
QA
QB
QC
QD
VCC
GND Y1
11.059Mhz
C1
33P
C2
33P
IC19
AT89C52
9
18
19
29
30
31
40
5
6
7
8
4
3
2
1
23
24
25
13
14
28
22
12
10
11
17
15
16
26
27
21
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
RST
XTAL2
XTAL1
PSEN
ALE/PROG
EA/VPP
VCC
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P1.3
P1.2
P1.1
P1.0
P2.2/A10
P2.3/A11
P2.4/A12
P3.3/INT1
P3.4/T0
P2.7/A15
P2.1/A9
P3.2/INT0
P3.0/RXD
P3.1/TXD
P3.7/RD
P3.5/T1
P3.6/WR
P2.5/A13
P2.6/A14
P2.0/A8
P0.7/AD7
P0.6/AD6
P0.5/AD5
P0.4/AD4
P0.3/AD3
P0.2/AD2
P0.1/AD1
P0.0/AD0
5K
VAR1
R13
10
-
+
IC1A
TL082
3
2
1
8
4
-
+
IC1B
TL082
5
6
7
8
4
R12
47K
Q1
D468
R11
47K
R2
2.7K
IC3
ADC0808
10
9
7
17
14
15
8
18
19
20
21
6
22
11
13
12
16
26
27
28
1
2
3
4
5
25
24
23
CLK
OE
EOC
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
START
ALE
VCC
GND
REF+
REF-
IN0
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7
A0
A1
A2
TM1
11
10
3
2
1
7
6
4
5
12
8
9
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 71 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga





















KHOI A/D:
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 72 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Khoi giao tiep A/D co nhiem vu oc ve t ngo input cac gia tr
analog o at c t cac oi tng ieu khien ben ngoai (tn hieu t cam
bien, gia tr ien ap...) c chuyen oi thanh so digital e a vao cac
thanh ghi cua vi x ly.
Gii thieu ADC0809 :
ADC 0809 la thiet b chuyen oi analog sang digital 8 bit, multiplex
8 kenh va tng thch vi bo vi x ly. ADC0809 s dung ky thuat chuyen
oi A/D xap x lien tiep.
+ Kha nang
- Giao tiep de dang vi tat ca cac bo vi x ly .
- Hoat ong vi thang o ty le vi 5VDC hoac ien ap chuan co
the ieu chnh .
- Khong can chnh khong hay toan thang .
- Multiplex 8 kenh vi a ch logic .
- Tam ien ap vao 0-5V vi nguon cung cap n 5V.
- Ngo ra phu hp voi mc ien ap TTL.
- o phan giai : 8 bit.
- Sai so khong ieu chnh c tong cong : 1 LSB
- Nguon cung cap n : 5VDC.
- Cong suat thap : 15mW.
- Thi gian chuyen oi : 100s



+ ac tnh ky thuat:

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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 73 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Ky
hieu
Thong so ieu kien Toi
thieu
ien
hnh
Toi a n v
V
REF+
ien ap cao nhat
cua thang o
V
CC
V
CC
+0.1 V
V
REF-
ien ap thap nhat
cua thang o
-0.1 0 V
I
IN
Dong vao f
CLK
=640KHz -2 0.5 2
A
V
IN(1)
ien ap vao logic
1
V
CC
-1.5 V
V
IN(0)
ien ap vao logic
0
1.5 V
V
OUT(
1)

ien ap ra logic 1 I
OUT
=-360uA V
CC
-0.4 V
V
OUT(
0)

ien ap ra logic 0 I
OUT
= 1.6mA 0.45 V
f
CLK
Tan so xung clock 10 640 1280 KHz
t
EOC
Thi gian delay
EOC
(Xem gian o
xung)
0
8 +2s
Chu ky
clock
t
C
Thi gian bien oi F
CLK
=640KHz 90 100 116
s
t
WS
o rong xung
Start toi thieu
(Xem gian o
thi gian)
100 200 Ns
t
ALE
o rong xung
ALE toi thieu
(Xem gian o
thi gian)
100 200 ns

+ Mo ta chc nang
Mach chon kenh(multiplexer)
Moi kenh ngo vao rieng biet c chon bang cach giai ma a
ch theo bang sau:

Kenh analog c a ch
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 74 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

chon
A2 A1 A0
IN0 0 0 0
IN1 0 0 1

IN7 1 1 1

a ch c chot vao bo giai ma ben trong tai canh len cua xung
chot a ch (ALE).
ac tnh chuyen oi:
Thanh ghi xap x lien tiep cua bo bien oi A/D c reset tai canh len
cua xung start (bat au chuyen oi). S cguyen oi c bat au tai canh xuong
cua xung start. Qua trnh chuyen oi se b ngat neu nhan mot xung start mi. S
chuyen oi lien tiep co the c thc hien bang cach noi ngo ra EOC (End Of
Convert Ket thuc chuyen oi) vao ngo start. Neu s dung che o nay, mot
xung start ben ngoai phai c cung cap sau khi bat nguon. Xung EOC se xuong
mc thap sau khi canh len cua xung start t 0 en 8 xung clock va len mc cao
khi viec chuyen oi a xong.
Bieu thc chuyen oi:
Data ngo ra la mot so nguyen N nam trong tam:





Mach tao dao ong cho ADC0809:
Biet tan so xung clock cua ADC0809 nam trong khoang t 10KHz
en 1280 KHz, nen tan so xung clock trong mach c lay t tan so dao
V
IN
- V
REF (-)

V
REF(+)
- V
REF (-)

N= x 256 o chnh xac tuyet oi
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 75 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

ong chuan cua thach anh, a qua IC em 74393 vi cong dung la IC
chia tan so. Cac ngo ra QA, QB, QC, QD lan lt chia tan so xung clock
vao vi 2, 4, 8, 16. Vay tan so ra 74393 (vao xung clock ADC 0809) la:



KHOI D/A:
Khoi D/A giao tiep vi vi x ly vi nhiem vu chuyen oi cac gia tr
digital trong cac thanh ghi cua vi x ly thanh cac gia tr analog va xuat ra
cac oi tng ieu khien ben ngoai. Ho DAC0808 (DAC0808/ DAC0807/
DAC0806) la bo bien oi digital sang analog 8 bit, co thi gian x ly dong
ra toan thang la 150ns, cong thc tieu thu ch 33mw vi nguon 5V.
Ho DAC0808 giao tiep trc tiep vi cac mc logic thong dung nh
TTL, DTL hoac CMOS.
[ba nang
- o chnh xac tng oi :0.19% (8 bit) vi DAC0808
- o chnh xac 6-bit va 7-bit vi DAC0806 va DAC0807
- Thi gian x ly nhanh : 150 ns
- Ngo vao digital khong ao tng thch TTL va CMOS
- Toc o quet cao : 8 mA/s
- Tam ien ap cung cap : 4.5V en 18V
- Cong suat tieu thu thap : 33 mW vi nguon 5V
lY. Tri so toi Ja
- Nguon cung cap : V
CC
=+ 18 V
DC


V
EE
=- 18 V
DC
- ien ap ngo vao digital (V
5
-V
12
):-10V
DC
en +18V
DC

691.2KHz
11.0592MHz
16
=
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 76 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

- ien ap ngo ra c dung (V
0
):-11 V
DC
en +18 V
DC

- Dong chuan (I
14
): 5 mA
- ien ap vao chuan (V
14
,V
15
) : V
CC
,V
EE

Y. hoat Jong co ban.
Dong ien chuan c tao ra bang mot trong hai cach : chuan dng
hoac chuan am.










Dong ien vao chuan I
14
, phai luon luon chay vao chan 14, bat chap
cach bo tr hoac cc tnh nguon ap chuan . Cach ket noi vi ap dng nh
tren hnh a. Vi tn hieu chuan lung cc, R15 co the c noi vi nguon
am . Tr so cua tu bu phai tang khi R14 tang e duy tr le pha thch hp .
V du vi R15 la 1,2.5 va 5K th tr toi thieu cua tu la 15,37 va 75pF. Tu
co the noi en V
EE
hoac at .
Ap chuan am co the c s dung neu R14 c noi at va chuan
c noi en R15 nh hnh b . Phng phap nay co thuan li chnh la tong
tr vao cao (tai chan 15).
DAC0808 la bo bien oi A/D tao ra dong ien co tr so tuy theo gia
tr digital va dong ien chuan ngo vao . Dong ien chuan co the co tr so
co nh hoac thay oi t gan 0 en 4 mA .Dong ngo ra toan thang (I
FS

Full scale) la mot ham tuyen tnh cua dong chuan va cho bi :
RL
R15
R14
-5V
+5V
+Vref
C1
0.01uF
IC2
1
13
3
16
15
2
4
14
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
NC
VCC
VEE
COM
VREF-
GND
Io
VREF+
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
V
ref
dng
RL
R15
R14
-5V
+5V
-Vref
C1
0.01uF
IC2
1
13
3
16
15
2
4
14
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
NC
VCC
VEE
COM
VREF-
GND
Io
VREF+
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
V
ref
am
DAC0808
DAC0808
Hnh a:
Hnh b:
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 77 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga



Dong ien ra:



R15 (thong thng bang R14) c s dung e loai bo sai so dong
phan cc. R15 co the bo i, khi o ch tang sai so mot t.
Khi dung ien ap chuan DC th nen s dung tu bypasss xuong at.

lll. [hDl kS3.









Khoi nay thc hien viec giao tiep d lieu gia may tnh PC va vi x
ly s dung IC MAX 232 qua cong noi tiep cua may tnh tren hai ng
TXD va RXD. Ta thay rang MAX232 can co 4 tu ngoai (mac vao gia
C1+ va C1-, C2+ va C2-, V+ vao nguon dng, V- vao at)e bien oi
ien ap t 0V en 5V thanh ien ap -12V en +12V phu hp cho truyen
thong theo chuan RS-232. Ngoai ra, ben trong MAX 232 co 4 bo khuech
ai ao nham chuyen t mc logic TTL ra chuan RS-232 va ngc lai.
I
FS
= x
256
255
I
REF
vi I
14
= I
14
=
14 R
V
REF
256
I
OUT
=
I
REF
x
gia tr digital ngo vao
+5V +5V
P3.1/TXD
P3.0/RXD
C6 10uF/16V C5 10uF/16V
DB1
5
9
4
8
3
7
2
6
1
IC5
MAX232
1
3
4
5
16
15
2
6
12
9
11
10
13
8
14
7
C1+
C1-
C2+
C2-
VCC
GND
V+
V-
R1OUT
R2OUT
T1IN
T2IN
R1IN
R2IN
T1OUT
T2OUT
C4 10uF/16V
C7
10uF/16V
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 78 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

S o sau ay cho thay cac khoi ben trong MAX232 va cac linh kien
mac ben ngoai theo dang chuan :














+5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
400K
400K
5K
5K
+ 10uF
+ 10uF
+
10uF
+
10uF
T1
T2
R1
R2
GND
15
R2IN
R1IN
T1OUT
T2OUT
T1IN
T2IN
R1OUT
R2OUT
C1+
C1-
C2+
C2-
VCC
V+
V-
16
1
3
4
5
2
6
TTL/CMOS
INPUT
TTL/CMOS
OUTPUT
11
10
12
9
14
13
7
8
RS-232
INPUT
RS-232
OUTPUT
BIE N O I IE N A P
-12V e n +12V
RS-232
OUTPUT
S o ben trong IC MAX-232

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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 79 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga


lY. [hDl kOll.
Cac ngo ra output cua kit vi x ly c noi vi cac Rle e ieu khien
ong ngat cac thiet b ien. Trong tng ng dung cu the cac rle se c
ket noi en cac oi tng can ieu khien. Cung nh khoi hien th, e tiet
kiem cac chan vi x ly cac tn hieu ieu khien rle c lay t 1 chan port
cua vi x ly va dch vao cac rle qua thanh ghi dch 8 bit 4094 (chuyen d
lieu t dang noi tiep sang song song) dung IC em ULN2803.



















+12V
+5V
+5V
+12V
+12V
COM
RL4
RL2
RL3
RL1
C12
10uF/16V
R14
330K
TM2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
RL3
12V
3
5
4
1
2
LED13
RL1
12V
3
5
4
1
2
RL2
12V
3
5
4
1
2
RL4
12V
3
5
4
1
2
LED14
IC11
ULN2803
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7
IN8
GND
OU1
OUT2
OUT3
OUT4
OUT5
OUT6
OUT7
OUT8
COM
RN2
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
LED12
LED11
IC10
4094
4
5
6
7
14
13
12
11
9
10
16
8
1
2
3
15
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
QS1
QS2
VCC
GND
STR
D
CLK
OE
CLOCK
STROBE
D6
+12V
-12V
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 80 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Y. [hDl lSPUT.
Khoi input bao gom 4 nut nhan va 4 au vao t do (lay tn hieu t ben
ngoai vao co cach ly bi PC817 ). Ngc vi khoi hien th va rle, cac ngo
vao input c noi qua IC 4021 cung la mot loai thanh ghi dch 8 bit nhng
chuyen d lieu vao t dang song song sang noi tiep. Cac ngo vao input
c oc ve tng bit theo xung clock cua thanh ghi dch 4021 va c
chuyen vao chan P3.2 cua vi x ly.









+12V
+5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
LED16
LED
IC15
PC817
1 3
4 2
R19
R
C15
CAP NP
LED18
LED
R21
R
C18
CAP NP
IC17
PC817
1 3
4 2
DZ4
5.1V
C
RN1
RESISTOR SIP 5
1 2
3
4
5
R18
R
LED15
LED
R20
R
IC16
PC817
1 3
4 2
DZ3
5.1V
C17
CAP NP
LED17
LED
IC14
PC817
1 3
4 2
C16 CAP NP
DZ1
5.1V
TM2
1
2
3
4
5
6
DZ2
5.1V
SW1
R23
R
SW4
R25
R
SW3
SW2
R26
R
R27
R
R29
R
R22
R
IC12
11
7
6
5
4
15
14
13
1
10
9
16
8
2
12
3
SER
A
B
C
D
G
F
E
H
CLK
P/S
VCC
GND
QF
QG
QH
R24
R
R28
R
CLOCK
DIN
CS-4021
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 81 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga


Chng 5:

ChUOSC TklSh

PhAS l. TAP llSh
l. ClOl ThllU TAP llSh .
Vioc thu thip Ju liou vi Jiou khion tu xi li mct vin Jo Jing Judc guin
tim trcng lnh vuc Jio u khion tu Jcng. Tuy nhion, thit phion hi nou nhu khcng
cc mct su thcng nhit chung vo ciu lonh trcng gui trnh tric Jci thcng tin. V
tho, mct phin nci Jung chnh cui Jo tii li xiy Jung Judc mct tip lonh trcng
giic tiop Ju liou giui miy tnh vdi vi xu ly vi su Jung Judc nc. Vioc xiy Jung
tip lonh giic tiop RS-232 niy Judc xom nhu mct mcng mucn tic ri mct ciu
lonh chung trcng giic tiop Ju liou giui miy tnh vi vi xu ly vo mit ngcn ngu.
iy li mct phudng tion giic tiop giui miy tnh vi vi xu ly, nhi m giup
chc ngudi su Jung khcng phii mit nhiou thdi giin lip trnh lii tu Jiu mci khi
mucn thuc hion vin Jo giic tiop mi vioc tric Jci thcng tin vin cc tho xiy ri Jo
Jing thcng gui vioc su Jung tip lonh niy.
Tip lonh Judc xiy Ju ng lic gcm cic lonh xuit nhip Jiy Ju cic Jing tn
hiou nhu: tn hiou Jing muc, tn hiou Jing xung, tn hiou Jing inilcgJigitil
giup vioc tric Jci thcng tin khcng li gidi hi n vi Jci tudng Jiou khion ttu kit vi
xu ly) cung Judc phcng phu hdn. Ngcii ri, tip lonh ccn cc mct sc lonh Jiou
khion vi guin sit gui trnh hcit Jcng cui ho thcng nhu: lion cii Jit Jing scng
ngc ri tKx), ccuntor tCx), Ju liou tDx), lion tring thii xic lip cho Jc hcit Jcng
tu PC hiy tu KlT tSx) vi lion thuc thi hion thi cho Jc hcit Jcng RUNSTOP
tVx) giup chc gui trnh hcit Jcng cui ho thcng Jion ri mct cich chit cho, Jo
guin sit vi Jo guin ly hdn.
ll. SDl DUSC TAP llSh.
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 82 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Cic lonh Judc xiy Ju ng trcng tip lonh giic tiop RS-232 niy nhn chung
ch lic gcm cic lonh giic tiop Ju liou li xuit vi nhip. ci vdi ci c lonh gdi Ju
liou vo miy tnh tPC): nci Jung Ju liou Judc kit vi xu ly thu thip tu cic Jci
tudng Jiou khio n lon ngcii v Ju nhu gii tri Jion ip, xung Jiou khion hcic cic
gii tr o c t cam bien v.v va a vao cac vung a ch nh san tuy thuoc
vic Jing cui tn hiou thu vic tJing muc, xung hiy AD) vi gdi Jo n PC mci khi
cc you ciu. ci vdi cic lonh gdi Ju liou tu PC Jon vi xu ly: nci Jung Ju liou
nhin vo tu PC, v Ju nhu cic thcng sc Jiou khion Jud c cii Jit si n, cung Judc
Jui vic cic vung Jii ch riong ung vdi cic Jing Ju liou nhin vic. Cic gii tri Ju
liou niy cc tho Judc Jung Jo Jiou khion cic Jci tudng lon ngcii khic tuy thucc
vic ung Jung cu tho cui chudng trnh. Cic lonh khcng ming Ju liou Judc PC
gdi Jon vi xu ly li ci c lonh you ciu vi xu ly gdi Ju liou, cic lonh khcng ming
Ju liou tu vi xu ly gdi vo PC li cic lonh tri ldi Ji nhin Judc nci Jung PC vui
gdi v vi xu ly khcng cc chuc ning you ciu Ju liou.


Stt Vung Jii
ch
Sc lyto Ding Ju lio u Vc ti
1 l0-l1 2x2 2 lyto Jing ASCll lnput muc-16 ngc vi ctlit)
2 N0-N1 2x5 5 lyto Jing ASCll lnput xung-2 ngc vict99.999Hz
mix)
3 Q0-Q1 2x5 5 lyto Jing ASCll Ngc vic AD 2 ngc vi c
t99.999mix)
4 U0-U1 2x5 5 lyto Jing ASCll Ngc vic AD - 2 ngc vic
t4.999mix)
5 O0-O1 2x2 2 lyto Jing ASCll Output muc-16 ngc ritlit)
6 P0-P1 2x5 5 lyto Jing ASCll Output xung-2 ngc ri t99.99Hz
mix)
A0-A1 2x5 5 lyto Jing ASCll Ngc ri DA-2 ngc ri
t99.999mix)
8 K0-K 8x2 2 lyto Jing ASCll Bion cii Jit
9 C0-C 8x4 4 lyto Jing ASCll Ccuntor
10 D0-D 8x2 2 lyto Jing ASCll Du liou
11 S0-S 8x1 1 lyto Jing ASCll Bion tring thii
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 83 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

12 V0-V 8x1 1 lyto Jing ASCll Bion thuc thi

2 Bing mc ti ci c lonh chuin:

Stt Ionh tu PC Phin hci tu VXI Vc titchc PC)
1 l.
lx.
I0BI1B.
IxB.
cc ngc vic cic Digitil input.
x0hiy1tJing ASCll)
2 N.
Nx.
N0BBBBBN1BBBBB.
NxBBBBB.
cc ngc vic cic puls lnput.
x0hiy1tJing ASCll)
3 Q.
Qx.
Q0BBBBBQ1BBBBB.
QxBBBBB.
cc ngc vic cic AD lnput tJdn
cuc). x0 hiy 1 tJingASCll)
4 U.
Ux.
U0BBBBBU1BBBBB.
UxBBBBB.
cc ngc vic cic AD lnput
tludng cuc). x0 hiy 1
tJingASCll)
5 OxB. Ox. Xuit ngc ri cic Digitil Output.
x0 hiy 1 tJing ASCll)
6 PxBBBBB. Px. Xuit ngc ri cic PWV. x0 hiy 1
tJing ASCll)
AxBBBBB. Ax. Xuit ngc ri cic DA. x0 hiy 1
tJing ASCll)
8 Kx. KxBB. cc ngc vic lion cii Jit.x0
Jon tJing ASCll)
9 Cx. CxBBBB. cc ngc vic gii tri ccuntor x0
Jon tJing ASCll)
10 DBBx. Dx. Xuit Ju liou ri.x0 Jon tJing
ASCll)
11 Sx. SxB. cc ngc vic lion tring thii. x0
Jon tJing ASCll)
12 MxB. Vx. Xuit ngc ri lion thuc thi.x0
Jon tJing ASCll)

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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 84 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

Ghi chu:

PhAS . HD TA ChUOSC TklSh









lUU D ChUOSC TklSh TDSC
QUAT

1: D lieu nhan ve t PC
2: D lieu gi en PC
3: Ket qua x ly
4: Yeu cau x ly

Khoi giao tiep RS-232:
- Nhan chuoi t PC
- Kiem tra.

Buffer
user
Giao tiep
RS-232
Chng
trnh x
ly d lieu
1
2
3
4
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 85 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

- ong goi d lieu (truyen)
- Truyen d lieu a ong goi en PC
Khoi buffer user:
ay la vung em cho cac chng trnh ng dung. Khoi nay thc hien
lu tr va truy xuat d lieu t cac vung d lieu quy nh trong tap lenh.
Cac chng trnh thc hien trong khoi nay la:
- Ghi gia tr A/D vao vung a ch Q0.
- Ghi trang thai hoat ong t Kit hay PC oc t ngo vao input 1
a vao o nh S0.
- Che o Run/Stop nhan t PC a vao o nh a ch M0.
- Cac ngo vao input 2,3,4 cai at dang song ra a vao vung nh
a ch K0.
- Tr nh cua dang song ra a vao o nh d lieu a ch D0.
Khoi chng trnh x ly d lieu:
Khoi nay thc hien cac chng trnh ng dung cho he thong. Tuy
cac yeu cau cu the at ra ma no thc hien nhieu hay t chc nang. S o
khoi tong quat cho nhom chng trnh trtong ng dung nay la:
















Hien th
Chng trnh x ly
Tao dang
song ra

oc A/D
Xuat D/A
oc input
Xuat output
Buffer
user

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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 86 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga


Bc au trong giao tiep d lieu gia may tnh va vi x ly c thc
hien bi viec gi chuoi d lieu t may tnh. Do o, kit vi x ly ch thc
hien va tra li theo yeu cau cua may tnh gi en.
ChUOSC TklSh ShAS ChUDl TU PC.
Nh a gii thieu chng Protocol, frame d lieu gi i luon c
bat au bi mot byte header cho ca hai hng truyen (t PC va vi x ly).
V the, e tranh mat thi gian neu phai nhan vao ca chuoi ma ngay byte
au tien a khong ung, nen trc tien ta ch nhan ve va kiem tra byte
header. Viec nhan d lieu ch c tiep tuc thc hien khi byte header la
ung. Ngoai ra cung co mot so rang buoc kem theo cho qua trnh nhan
chuoi, la lan nhan sau phai am bao rang d lieu nhan vao lan trc o
a c kiem tra va x ly. ieu kien nay at ra nham muc ch bao toan
cac gia tr nhan ve t PC, v neu viec nhan d lieu vao c dien ra lien tuc
ma qua trnh kiem tra va x ly khong ap ng kp, th se xay ra trng hp
d lieu lan nhan sau se e len d lieu nhan ve trc o. Nh vay, qua
trnh thc hien se bo sot mot vai trng hp x ly tc he thong hoat ong
khong toi u. ieu nay ch that s can thiet oi vi he thong thc hien
theo he thi gian thc (multitasking) v cac cong viec trong chng trnh
c thc hien song song nhau.













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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 87 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga




































Max=chieu dai toi a cua
chuoi cho phep nhap vao
Kiem tra byte Header
Kiem tra vung
em thu co d lieu khong
C nhan=0 ?
Nhan vao 4 byte au cua chuoi
x[i]
N=x[3]+4
(chieu dai cuachuoi d lieu+
4byte header&control fiels)
N<=max?
i=0n
Nhan chuoi x[i] vao vung
em thu

i=0max
Nhan chuoi x[i] vao vung
em thu

END
Khong
co
Sai
ung
N
Y
Chng trnh nhan chuoi t PC
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 88 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

ChUOSC TklSh [llH TkA.
Viec kiem tra chuoi d lieu nhan ve chu yeu la kiem tra cau truc frame co phu hp
vi nh ngha khong, va chuyen cac gia tr d lieu nhan vao en vung a ch khac,
ong thi cho phep he thong tiep tuc nhan d lieu vao neu co. Tac vu nay c thc
hien moi khi co chuoi mi c nhan vao.



































Cothu=1?
(hoan tat cong viec nhan
chuoi?)
Bit b0=bit thap nhat cua byte bufin[2]
Bit b0=0?
(chuoi nhan vao co d lieu?)
So byte
d lieu (bufin[3])>1?
Ket qua nhan ung Ket qua nhan sai
So byte
d lieu (bufin[3])>1?
Cothu=0(c phep
nhan chuoi mi)
RET
Chuoi buffer[]=chuoi bufin[]
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 89 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

ChUOSC TklSh XU lY TAP llSh.
Chng trnh x ly tap lenh bc au th c hien viec kiem tra mot so
byte control fiels c nhan ve t PC nham tranh s trung lap trong qua
trnh x ly. V theo giao thc truyen thong at ra (protocol), neu trong
khoang thi gian va so lan nhac lai qui nh, ke t sau khi PC gi mot yeu
cau en may tnh, ma PC van khong nhan c ket qua phan hoi theo
mong muon ( loi nay co the xay ra khi kit vi x ly khong nhan ay u d
lieu gi en t PC, co the do cac byte control fiel khong c xac lap
ung qui nh ) hoac ket qua nhan ve t khoi vi x ly bao loi th no gi
lai frame truyen mi, ma frame gi lai nay mang ay u thong tin va roi
cho khoi vi x ly (xem chi tiet trong phan protocol). Tuy nhien, khong phai
bat c khi nao PC khong nhan c frame truyen mang theo thong tin tra
li t vi x ly eu xem la loi ma co the do gap s co ve van e thi gian.
Trong trng hp o, chng trnh khong x ly lai t au ma tiep tuc cong
viec x ly cu. Nen bc kiem tra nay giai ap cho cau hoi khoi vi x ly co
nhan c va co x ly yeu cau va roi khong?
Tiep theo qua trnh kiem tra, viec x ly tap lenh se thc hien da tren
cac ket qua cua qua trnh x ly theo chc nang cu the cho tng he thong
c a vao cac vung nh va s dung cac lenh c xay dng trong tap
lenh.















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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 90 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga










































N
laa Jo. cbaong trnb
xa |g ang dang tag
|cnb
Bit b1=buffer[2]&0x02
Frame gi lan au
(b1=0)?
buffer[4] ach[0]?
Va buffer[5] ach[1]?
ach[0]=buffer[4]
ach[1]=buffer[5]
Goi tap lenh
C x ly =1
(x ly xong)
RET
Y
Y
N
N
Ket qua nhan ung ?
Y
Frame nhan vao co d lieu ?
Y
N
START
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 91 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

ChUOSC TklSh DSC CDl DU lllU.
Chng trnh ong goi d lieu la tao ra mot frame truyen tra ve cho PC moi khi nhan
yeu cau gi en t no. Frame nay cung tuan theo qui nh cua cac byte control fiel,
va co thong bao ket qua cua lan nhan va roi. oi vi frame gi ve t vi x ly, ma ID
la ma cua frame nhan t PC. Ngoai ra, viec ong goi d lieu con nham muc ch la
am bao trong qua trnh gi 1 khung d lieu t Kit ve PC neu co s gian oan nao
xay ra (1 chng trnh interrupt chang han ) th s thay oi gia tr cua mot bien bat ky
cung khong gay anh hng en d lieu truyen, tuy trng hp nay ch xay ra vi xac
suat thap v toc o truyen d lieu rat cao nhng no cung la mot khuyet iem ang chu
y cua chng trnh neu khong c quan tam en.
Qua trnh ong goi d lieu va tra li cho PC khong phu thuoc vao chng trnh x ly
ve mat thi gian. No c thc hien sau khi hoan tat chng trnh kiem tra frame
nhan vao, ket qua cua qua trnh x ly se quyet nh noi dung gi ve cho PC, so byte
d lieu la khong neu chng trnh x ly van ang thc hien tai thi iem ong goi.















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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 92 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga





































Bufout[0]=header
Bufout[1]=bufin[1]
Khi tao bufout[2]=0x80
Ket qua nhan ung?
Bit b2=0
(bufout[2]=. . . b2b1b0)
X ly xong?
Bit b0=0
Bufout[3]=chieu dai
chuoi dlieu
Bufout[i+4]=dulieu[i]
Gi chuoi bufout
Bit b2=1
(bufout[2]=. . . b2b1b0)
Bufout[3]=0(chieu dai
chuoi dlieu=0)
Bit b0=0
Bufout[3]=0(chieu dai
chuoi dlieu=0)
Y
Y
S
S
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 93 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga

ChUOSC TklSh DlHD[lT.
Chng trnh x ly cho ng dung Demo-kit luon phai cap nhat ngo
vao input 1 t switch e biet che o hoat ong cua he thong la Kit hay PC.
Chng trnh x ly c bat au khi nhan c tn hieu RUN va
ket thuc tai STOP do PC gi en.
Cac ngo vao Input 2, 3, 4 c oc ve t switch nen c thc
hien theo mc u tien (t 2 en 4) neu co nhieu ngo vao cung tch cc.
Neu tai mot thi iem ma khong co dang song ra nao c chon
th he thong che o ch va co thong bao ra PC.
Cac dang song ngo ra ch nham muc ch minh hoa cho ng dung
cua viec s dung tap lenh nen no c xay dng rat n gian vi cac dang
song ngo ra co o doc khong oi .






















Yl. CAC DASC SDSC SCD kA

oc ngo vao input 1 t kit e chon che o hoat
ong
Trang thai RUN?
N
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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 94 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga





































Lu o: Song ra dang non




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Chng 1:
Giao thc truyen thong GVHD: Thay Huynh Hu Phng
Luan Van Tot Nghiep 95 SVTH: Chau Th Bch Nga





















Song ra dang rang ca xuong Song ra dang rang ca len


Cai at tr nh
Song ra =tr nh
Song ra =0?
Giam song ra
Y
Y
N
Timer = 100ms
N
Cai at tr nh
Song ra =0
Song ra < tr nh
Tang song ra
Y
Y
N
Timer = 100ms
N
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