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1/22/2013

CHNG 3:
NH LUT NHIT NG TH HAI

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LN Th Nht: nh Lut Bo Ton v Chuyn Ha Nng Lng

LN Th Hai

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1/22/2013

1. t vn

Chiu hng xy ra ca cc qu trnh? Mc chuyn ha gia cc dng nng lng khc nhau?
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thermodynamics

2. Chu trnh nhit ng

nh ngha: Chu trnh l tp hp mt s qu trnh c tnh cht khp kn Phn loi: Chu trnh thun chiu: Chu trnh ngc chiu:

=
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thermodynamics

1/22/2013

thermodynamics

2. nh lut nhit ng th 2

Pht biu ca Kelvin Planck Pht biu ca Clausius ng c nhit ch c th hot H s lm lnh hay lm nng ca ng v sinh cng khi c s vn my lnh v bm nhit lun lun chuyn nhit lng t ngun nng phi c gi tr xc nh, khng th n ngun lnh. no tin n v cng.

< %

< <

Gii hn ca v ,

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2. nh lut nhit ng th 2

Chng minh LN th 2:

thermodynamics

3. Qu trnh thun nghch v khng thun nghch

Qu trnh thun nghch:

Qu trnh khng thun nghch:

Cc qu trnh din ra trong thc t u mang tnh bt thun nghch

thermodynamics

1/22/2013

4. Chu trnh v nh lut Carnot

Chu trnh Carnot

Chu trnh Carnot l chu trnh c bn qu trnh, trong c hai qu trnh on nhit thun nghch v hai qu trnh ng nhit thun nghch xp xen k nhau. Video Chu trnh Carnot thun chiu: =
TN

TL
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thermodynamics

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thermodynamics

1/22/2013

4. Chu trnh v nh lut Carnot

Chu trnh Carnot:

Chu trnh Carnot ngc chiu:

TN

TL
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thermodynamics

4. Chu trnh v nh lut Carnot

nh l Carnot

Hiu sut nhit ca chu trnh thun nghch, c thc hin gia hai ngun nhit c nhit T1 v T2, hon ton khng ph thuc vo tnh cht ca cht mi gii hot ng trong chu trnh. Chng minh L Carnot

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thermodynamics

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5. Cc h qu ca LN th 2

H qu 1:

Khi hot ng gia cc gii hn nhit nh nhau, khng th c bt k chu trnh nhit ng thun chiu thc t no c hiu sut nhit ln hn hoc bng hiu sut nhit ca chu trnh Carnot
Cc chu trnh Carnot thun chiu u c hiu sut nhit bng nhau khi cng hot ng gia cc ngun nng v ngun lnh nh nhau. C th xy dng thang o nhit c lp vi cht mi gii c dng. Cc gi tr nhit da theo thang o ny c gi l nhit tuyt i.

H qu th 2:

H qu th 3:

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thermodynamics

5. Cc h qu ca LN th 2

H qu th 4 (ng thc Clausius Tch phn Clausius th nht)

Khi tin hnh mt chu trnh thun nghch bt k, ta lun c: =

H qu th 5 (Bt ng thc Clausius Tch phn Clausius th hai)

Khi tin hnh mt chu trnh bt thun nghch bt k, ta lun c: <

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thermodynamics

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