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T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC

MC LC

1 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

DANH MC CC T VIT TT
AI Analog Input (u vo tng t). AO Analog Ouput (u ra tng t). AV Analog Value (Gi tr tng t - gi tr trung gian c th hiu chnh hay ch c). ALC Automated Logic Corporation. AHU Air HandingUnit. Alarm - H thng iu khin s c nh dng pht ra nhng cnh Bo khi mt i tng iu khin vt qu ngng do ngi s dng xc nh, nh c miu t trong trnh t hot ng. BI Binary Input (u vo s). BO Binary Ouput (u ra s). BV Binary Value (Gi tr nh phn - L gi tr trung gian m c th hiu chnh hay ch c). BMS Building Managerment System CSMA/CD - Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Avoidance CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check DDC Direct Digital Controller DTE Data Terminal Equipment DCS DistriButed Control System ES Engineering Station FCU Fan coil Unit. FCS Field Control System Sched Schedule (Lch Biu - Thut ton iu khin lch hot ng ca thit). Show on Graphic - Hin th trn mn hnh ho ca h thng. SS Server Station. HMI Human and machine interface HVAC Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning control. Trend - H iu khin s c nh dng la chn v hin th Bng th thi gian ca i tng. Thi gian thc hin v th thi gian khng nh hn thi gian ly mu(5pht). TCP/IPTransmisstion Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TDMA Time Division Multiple Access OP Operation Panel OS Operation Station OSI Open System Interconnection PLC ProgrammaBle Logic Controller MPCModel Predictive Control QCS Quality Control System

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC

LI NI U
Trong thi i ngy nay vic xy dng cc to nh cao tng lm cng s, trung tm thng mi, khch sn,ngy cng tr nn ph Bin.. Chng ngy cng tr nn hin i, tin nghi phc v cc yu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi. Gii php kt hp h thng cc thit B c in s dng trong to nh vi cng ngh t ng ho nhm em li kh nng t hot ng (h thng thng gi, h thng chiu sng,) khng cn l iu mi m na. Tuy nhin vn sng cn ca gii php ny li nm ch lm sao c th qun l chng trong mt h thng thng nht. Cc h thng t ng ho to nh (Building Managerment System - BMS) ra i gii quyt Bi ton ny. Nhim v chnh ca h thng BMS l iu khin, gim st, qun l cc thit B c/in trong mt ta nh cao tng, gip cho vic vn hnh, Bo dng v qun l ta nh mt cch thun tin, an ton v tit kim. H thng BMS c pht trin da trn nn kin trc ca mt h iu khin phn tn vi cc B iu khin s trc tip (Direct Digital Controler DDC) c kt ni vi h thng mng tng (Floor Networks); cc B iu khin, nh tuyn cp cao hn lin kt cc DDC vi h thng mng BackBone ca ta nh. Hin nay trn th gii c rt nhiu nh cung cp h thng BMS nh: Siemens, Johnson, Invensys, ALC, AA Matrix, Andover Control, H thng BMS ca mi hng u c nhng c trng ring. Trong s ALC l mt trong nhng i din hng u. Chnh v vy chng em chn tm hiu v h thng BMS ca ALC lm ti tt nghip. ti ca chng em l Tm hiu v thit k h thng t ng ho to nh cho khch sn NewWay. Nhim v ca lun vn Bao gm: - Nu ln cc c trng c Bn v ta nh cao tng hin i - Nghin cu v cc h thng iu khin trong cng nghip. - Nghin cu v h thng t ng ho to nh ni chung, tm hiu s B h thng BMS ca Siemens v tm hiu su v h thng BMS ca ALC. - a ra gii php ci to v nng cp h BMS c ca KS NewWay trn nn h thng BMS ca ALC. Sau 6 thng nghin cu v thc tp ti cng ty TNHH k thut T&D chng em hon thnh vic thit k h BMS cho NewWay. hon thnh n ny chng em xin chn thnh cm n c Phan Xun Minh, anh L Ch Hiu - Qun l d n ca cng ty TNHH k thut T&D v ton th cc thy c gio trong B mn iu Khin T ng gip chng em hon thnh lun vn ny. H thng t ng ho to nh l mt lnh vc rt mi Vit Nam, do vy mc d rt c gng nhng cng khng trnh khi thiu st trong qu trnh tm hiu. Chng em rt mong nhn c s gp v B sung ca cc thy c gio.

3 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

VI NT V CNG TY TNHH K THUT T&D NI TC GI CNG TC


Thnh lp t nm 1999, Cng ty TNHH K thut T&D l doanh nghip tr, nng ng hot ng trong phm vi c nc, chuyn cung cp cc gii php tng th cho khch hng trong cc lnh lc phn phi v truyn ti in nng. Khng nhng Bo m s pht trin n nh ca mnh trong cc lnh vc truyn thng, Cng ty cn nghin cu, ng dng cc gii php v sn phm mi trong cng ngh t ng ho to nh cng nh trong cc dy chuyn cng nghip. Vi kinh nghim ca mnh thng qua cc d n trng im nh: Trung tm hi ngh Quc t ASEM 5; Vn phng Chnh ph; Kho lu tr B Quc phng, Cu Bi chy Cng ty ang phn u tr thnh mt doanh nghip ton din c kh nng p ng cc nhu cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng trong xy dng v cng nghip. Mt khc Bo m sc cnh tranh ca mnh trong qu trnh hi nhp quc t, Cng ty ang tng Bc pht trin ngun nhn lc mi c trnh chuyn mn cao, nhit tnh, nng ng, sng to; m rng quan h vi cc tp on ni ting trn th gii nh: ABB; Automated Logic Corporation (USA); Home Automation Inc. (USA); TSA Transformation Schaltanlagen (c) Vi t cch l nh i l c quyn hoc nh phn phi chnh thc ca cc hng nu trn, Cng ty lun cam kt vi khch hng v cht lng ca gii php cng ngh, sn phm v dch v c cung cp. Cht lng ca gii php cng ngh, sn phm, dch v do T&D cung cp l mt phn quan trng trong s thnh t ca cng ty. Bn cnh , mt phn khc khng km phn quan trng chnh l mi quan h v s tn nhim ca khch hng i vi Cng ty trong sut thi gian qua. Vi s quan tm v tn nhim , Cng ty s lun n lc vn ln phc v khch hng ngy cng tt hn. V vy d hot ng trong Bt k lnh vc no, Cng ty TNHH K thut T&D lun duy tr s sng to kt hp vi vic ng dng cng ngh tin tin nht Bo m cht lng cng trnh, em li s hi lng cho khch hng cng nh uy tn v s pht trin Bn vng ca Cng ty. TRONG XY LP IN Cng ty TNHH K thut T&D l mt trong cc nh phn phi sn phm ca Cng ty TNHH ABB ti Vit Nam. Vi s h tr ca ABB, T&D hon thnh thi cng cc d n trng im theo phng thc trn gi nh: Trung tm hi ngh Quc t ASEM5; cu Bi chy; Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng. CNG NGH T NG HO TO NH 4

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC Khng ch l nh tch hp h thng m T&D cn l i l c quyn v h thng t ng ho to nh cho tp on Automated Logic (ALC), mt trong 5 tp on hng u ca M trong lnh vc ny. Cht lng sn phm ca ALC cng vi cc gii php sng to s lm cho cc to nh tr nn thng minhhn. i vi nhng ngi nh Bit lp, cn h chung c hay cc vn phng, khch sn nh, T&D a ra cc gii php ca Home Automation Inc.(HAI), mt trong nhng tp on hng u trn th gii ca M trong lnh vc tch hp v t ng ho cc h thng, thit B gia dng trong nh.

5 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

CHNG 1 CC C TRNG CA TA NH CAO TNG HIN I


1. nh gi cht lng mi trng v mc t ng ha trong ta nh cao tng hin i. nh gi cht lng v mt ta nh cao tng hin nay Vit Nam v trn th gii th c nhiu tiu chun song phm vi lun vn tt nghip ny em xin cp n v cht lng mi trng trong ta nh v mc t ng ha ca n em li cht lng mi trng nh mong mun ph v con ngi cng nh Bo qun cc thit B trong ta nh. 1.1 Chiu sng nhn to trong ta nh cao tng hin i Chiu sng trong cc ta nh hin nay ngoi chiu sng t nhin l chiu sng in.Thi gian s dng chiu sng trong nh ca mi nc do tnh hnh kh hu, trnh k thut cng nh hiu qu kinh t ca ta nh nc quyt nh. nc ta hin nay do chiu sng t nhin nhiu v v ko di trong ngy nn chiu sng trong cc ta nh ch yu l chiu sng t nhin.Chiu sng in ch yu dng khi chiu sng t nhin khng . Chiu sng in trong ta nh phi m Bo iu kin nhn r, nhn tinh, v phn gii nhanh cc vt nhn Bng mt.Tt c cc yu cu ph thuc vo c im ca ngun sng.Cch B tr cc ngun sng trong phng cng nh vic duy tu Bo dng h thng chiu sng trong ta nh. 1.1.1 Ngun sng Hin nay ngun sng ch yu l Bng n dy tc v Bng hunh quang 1.1.2 Tiu chun ri nh sng nhn to. Mc ch c Bn ca quy nh ca tiu chun chiu sng nhn to l m Bo iu kin lm vic tt cho th gic ngi sinh hot v lm vic trong ta nh .Hin nay chiu sng nhn to c c quy nh Bng tiu chun v sinh thit k cc x nghip cng nghip.Ty theo yu cu ca cc ta nh m ri khc nhau.trong ph lc s c Bng ri nh nht trn B mt lm vic trong ta nh theo tiu chun Vit nam. 1.1.3 c im chiu sng trong ta nh. Thit k chiu sng in trong ta nh l tm ra nhng phng thc v gii php nhm m Bo nhng yu cu chiu sng cho con ngi sinh hot v lm vic trong ta nh c tt nht. c Ba phng thc c Bn sau: -Phng thc chiu sng chung:trong ton phng c mt h thng chiu sng t trn xung gy ra mt chi khng gian nht nh v mt ri nht nh trn ta B cc mt phng ca ta nh. -Phng thc chiu sng cc B.Chia khng gian ln ca ta nh ra nhiu khng gian nh, phng nh. Mi mt khng gian nh, phng nh li c ch chiu sng ring. -Phng thc chiu sng hn hp:L phng thc chiu sng chung c B sung thm nhng n cn thit m Bo ri ln ti nhng ch lm vic ca con ngi. Ty theo tnh cht ca tng phng m ta nh c chn phng thc chiu sng thch hp.Thng thng nhng phng c lao ng khng i hi nhiu nh sng, khng i hi nghim ngt v hng chiu sng, c mt ch lao ng cao, c cng mt loi cng vic nht nh, hoc c thay i li thit B trong phng th ngi ta dng phng thc chiu sng chung 6

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC iu khin h thng chiu sng da vo nhiu thng s nh lu lng, cng nh sng, ri m Bo cht lng chiu sng ng nh yu cu. Bn cnh h thng chiu sng Bn trong phng, cn c h thng chiu sng Bn ngoi nh chiu sng cu thang, chiu sng Bung thang my, chiu sng phng l tn, phng n, cng cn m Bo cht lng chiu sng c ngy v m. H thng iu khin chiu sng c kh nng thng Bo cho Bn Bit khi no c quy d phng ca h thng chiu sng khn cp trng thi yu, nh Bn c th thay th kp thi. Mi s c lin quan n h thng chiu sng u c truyn v trung tm, Bn cng c th Bit nhng thng tin ny Bt c nt no trong mng iu khin. 1.2 Thang my phc v trong ta nh cao tng hin i 1.2.1 Khi nim chung v thang my. Thang my trong cc ta nh l mt thit B chuyn dng vn chuyn ngi v hng ha v vt liu .. theo phng thng ng hoc nghim mt gc nh hn 15 0 so vi phng thng ng theo mt tuyn nh sn.Thang my thng c dng trong cc cng s, chung c, khch sn...c im vn chuyn Bng thang my so vi cc phng tin vn chuyn khc l chu k vn chuyn B, tn sut vn chuyn ln, ng m my lin tc.Ngoi ngha vn chuyn, thang my cn l yu t lm tng v p v tin nghi ca ta nh hin i.Nhiu quc gia trn th gii i vi ta nh cao 6 tng tr ln l phi trang B thang my m Bo cho ngi i li thun tin, tit kim thi gian v tng nng sut lao ng.i vi nhng cng trnh nh Bnh vin, nh my khch sn...tuy s tng nh hn 6 do nhu cu phc v ln vn phi trang B thang my.Trong cc ta nh cao tng thi vic trang B thang my phc v cho vic i li l Bt Buc.nu vn chuyn ngi trong cc ta nh khng c thc hin th xy cc ta nh cao tng khng thnh hin thc.Thang my i hi tnh an ton nghim ngt,n lin quan trc tip n ti sn v tnh mng con ngi.Thang my ch c caBin p, sang trng, thng thong, m du cha a vo s dng m phi c y cc thit B an ton, m Bo tin cy nh:in chiu sng, d phng khi mt in,in thoi ni B (interphone) chung Bo,B hm Bo him,an ton caBin (i trng),cng tc an ton ca ca caBin, kha an ton ca tng, B cu h khi mt in ngun v.v .v 1.2.2 Phn loi thang my Thang my hin nay c thit k ch to vi nhiu loi khc nhau rt a dng ph hp vi mc ch tng cng trnh. Thang my chuyn ch ngi Thang my chuyn ch ngi c tnh n hng ha i km Thang my chuyn ch Bnh nhn. Thang my chuyn ch hng ha c ngi i km. Thang my chuyn ch hng ha khng c ngi i km.. H thng iu khin thang my l ton B cc trang thit B v linh kin in t Bn dn m Bo cho thang my hot ng theo ng chc nng yu cu v m Bo an ton. H thng in ca thang my Bao gm cc mch sau: Mch ng lc:l h thng iu khin c cu dn ng ca thang my ng m,o chiu ng c dn ng v phanh cc B ti ko.H thng phi m Bo vic iu 7 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

chnh tc chuyn ng ca caBin sao cho qu trnh m my v phanh c m du v dng caBin chnh xc Mch iu khin:l h thng iu khin tng c tc dng thc hin mt chng trnh iu khin phc tp, ph hp vi chc nng yu cu ca thang my.H thng iu khin tng c nhim v lu tr cc lnh di chuyn t caBin, cc lnh gi tng ca hnh khch v thc hin cc lnh di chuyn hoc dng theo mt th t u tin no .Sau khi thc hin xong lnh iu khin th xa B.Xc nh v ghi nhn thng xuyn v tr caBin v hng chuyn ng ca n.Tt c cc h thng iu khin t ng u dng nt n. Mch tn hiu:l cc h thng n tn hiu v cc k hiu thng nht ha Bo hiu trng thi ca thang my, v tr v hng chuyn ng ca caBin. Mch chiu sng:l h thng n chiu sng caBin Bung my v h thang. Mch an ton:l h thng cng tc, rle,tip im nhm m Bo an ton cho con ngi ,hng ha v thang my khi hot ng, c th l:Bo v qu ti cho ng c, thit B hn ch ti trong nng, cc cng tc hn ch hnh trnh, cc tip im ti ca caBin, ca tng, ti h thng treo caBin v ti B hn ch tc , cc rle...Mch an ton t ng ngt in n mch ng lc dng thang my hoc thang khng hot ng c trong cc trng hp sau: - mt in, mt pha,o pha,mt ng tip t. - qu ti. - caBin vt qu gii hn t cng tc hn ch hnh trnh. - t cp hoc tc h caBin vt qu gi tr cho php (B hn ch tc v B hm Bo him lm vic). - mt trong cc cp nng chng qu gii hn cho php. -ca caBin hoc mt ca trong cc ca tng cha ng hn. Ngoi ra, i vi thang my c ca la ng m t ng, khi ng ca nu gp chng ngi vt th ca s t ng m ra v ng li.Thang my ch ngi thng c trang B nt n cp cu phng khi c ha hon. 1.3 Phng chng chy n trong ta nh cao tng hin i. 1.3.1 Nguyn nhn gy ra chy trong cc ta nh cao tng hin i V khi nim ny, cc nh chuyn mn nh ra cc dng khc nhau nh nhiu nguyn nhn chy trc tip, nguyn nhn chy gin tip, nguyn nhn su xa.v d ch ni mt nguyn nhn do con ngi gy ra nh: v trong un nu hay s dng in gy ra chy, nguyn nhn c gy ra chy (ph hoi). y cp n nhng nguyn nhn trc tip gy chy c nhng Bin php phng nga thch hp. 1.3.1.1Chy do tc ng ca ngn la trn hoc tia la ,tn la y l nguyn nhn chy n ph Bin v nhit ca ng la trn rt cao, sc t chy hu ht cc vt.V d:Nhit ngn la que dim l 7800 -:-8000C ngn la n du l 760 -:-10000C nhit mu thuc l ang chy l 700 -:- 750 0C. Trong khi nhit t Bc chy ca mt s vt nh sau.G thng thng 250 0C, giy 1840C ,vi si 1800C (si ha hc). Trong cc ta nh v nhiu ni nh ng khi, ng x t, Bp ang un nu, si sy ..thng c tn la, nu gp nhng cht d chy nh xng du s dn n chy. 1.3.1.2 Chy do ma st, va chm gia cc vt rn.

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC y cng l nguyn nhn thng gp trong cc trng hp my mc khng c Bi trn tt,cc Bi, trc c st vo nhau, sinh ra nhit hoc c khi pht ra tia la sinh ra chy. Trong khi my hot ng, nht l cc my co Bng ,si ay.... 1.3.1.3 Chy do tc dng ca ha cht Trong cc khu sn xut, vn chuyn ,Bo qun, x dng ha cht ngi ta c nhng quy nh ht sc ngt phng cc s c gy tai nn cho con ngi v mi trng ni chung v chy n ni ring.V mt phng chy cha chy phi ch thng xuyn phn ng ha hc ta nhit pht ra ngn la.Ngi ta phn nh nh sau. - Cc ha cht tc dng vi nhau sinh nhit hoc hnh thnh ngn la c th dn n chy nu khng ch ng kim sot c chng trong cc phng th nghim, ni sn xut... v d nh Clo vi amoniac,clo vi hidro.. - Ha cht gp nc, gp khng kh, mt s ha cht tip xc vi mi trng khng kh cng c kh nng gy chy.Do vic Bo qun ha cht phi thc hin ng cc quy nh.Cc cht pht pho trng,Bi km, Bi nhm,.. d gy phn ng trong khng kh v nc. 1.3.1.4 Chy do tc dng ca nng lng in y cng l trng hp chuyn ha t in nng sang nhit nng.Trong cc trng hp nh chp mch in, qu ti, nhit trn dy dn tng cao c th gy ra chy v cch in, ri chy lan sang cc vt khc.Cc trng hp sinh ra tia la in do ng ngt cu dao, chy cu ch, mi ni dy dn khng cht cng l nhng ngun gy chy.i vi nhng dng c in c cng sut cao nh Bn l, Bp in ,t sy.. khi s dng s ta nhit, sc nng trn B mt rt ln. Nguyn nhn gy ra chy n trong thc t rt nhiu v a dng khng th m t ht.nhng chng ta lu rng nguyn nhn chy n cn xut pht t s khng quan tm y trong thit k cng ngh, thit B cng nh thanh tra, kim tra ca ngi qun l. 1.3.2 Bin php phng chng chy n trong ta nh cao tng hin i Ngoi cc Bin php nh gio dc tuyn truyn hun luyn, Bin php hnh chnh php l, Bin php k thut. Phng chy l khu quan trng nht trong cng tc phng chy cha chy v khi m chy xy ra th d cc Bin php chng chy c hiu qu nh th no th thit hi vn to ln v ko di.trn c s phn tch c nguyn nhn v iu kin gy chy c th ra cc Bin php phng nga thch hp, khng xy ra chy hoc ngn chn kp thi khng cho m chy pht trin. 1.3.2.1 Chy v phng tin cha chy. 1.3.2.1.1c im ca m chy Tt c cc m chy u c c im chung nh sau: Mi m chy Bo gi cng ta nhit.nhit lng ta ra nhiu hay t ph thuc vo cc m chy v iu kin ca m chy,nhit tip tc un nng vt chy, thc y qa trnh chy pht trin nhanh.Nhit lng ca m chy ta ra nhiu hay t c nh hng ln n cc Bin php cha chy.Sn phm ca m chy l khi.Thnh phn n ty thuc vo cht chy,iu kin chy.Trong thnh phn ca khi, c cht tham gia v qu trnh chy nh ccBonxit,c cht li km hm s chy nh CO2 .Sn phm chy gy nhiu tr ngi cho cha chy.gy c cho ngi cu cha,n mn thit B v hn ch tm nhn ca ngi trinh 9 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

st m chy.Mt c trng quan trng ca m chy l tc chy.Tc chy ph thuc vo Bn cht ca vt chy, vo m, hng gi v th chy ca vt chy. 1.3.2.1.2 Din bin m chy v s pht trin ca n Tr mt vi trng hp c Bit hu ht cc m chy u in ra theo 3 giai on sau: - Giai on u:ngun nhit nung nng vt chy n nhit Bn la.Giai on ny di hay ngn ty thuc vo vt chy.Nu vt chy l d chy th giai on u ngn.Khi la mi Bn chy, tc pht trin cn chm,nu pht hin kp thi c th dp tt m chy mau chng. - Giai on chy to:tc pht trin ca m chy l nhanh nht, nhit m chy cao nht, tiu hao cht chy nhiu nht. giai on ny la c th lan t khu vc ny sang khu vc khc.vic chy lan trn ny c th do trc tip ngn la Bn sang cng c th do qu trnh Bc x nhit, truyn nhit lm cho vt d chy B phn hy ri Bn chy. - Giai on kt thc m chy: giai on ny nhit chy gim dn, tc chy cng gim dn n khng 1.3.2.1.3 Cc dng c cha chy th s Bnh Bt ha hc:dung tch 8-:-10lt v Bnh chu p lc 20kg/cm2 Bnh Bt ha khng kh:dung tch7-:-8lt v Bnh chu c khi nn n 250kg/cm2 Bnh cha chy Bng CO2: v Bnh chu c p sut kh CO2 250kg/cm2 1.3.2.1.4 Phng tin bo chy v cha chy t ng. Cc phng tin Bo chy v cha chy t ng thng c t nhng mc tiu quan trng cn c Bo v.Phng tin Bo chy t ng dng pht hin chy t Ban u v Bo ngay v trung tm ch huy cha chy.Bo chy t ng cn Bao gm c thng tin lin lc hai chiu gia m chy v trung tm ch huy, gia m chy v h thng my tnh c nhng thng s k thut v cha chy .nh chn ng i n m chy,s phng tin, ha cht cn dng v la chn phng n cha chy ti u.Hnh 4-1 l s Bo chy t ng ca mt ta nh trung tm cng nghip ti H Ni lm v d.

H1-1 S h thng Bo chy t ng ca mt ta nh trung tm. My Bo chy lm vic da trn nguyn tc: 10

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC Khi c m chy xy ra th c s thay i nhit , cng nh sng ca mi trng, c khi Bc ln. Nhng s thay i ny c my Bo chy thu nhn v Bin i thnh tn hiu in sau qua B phn khuch i ri truyn cho my thu tn hiu chy v truyn tip n cc B phn c lin quan nh trung tm Bo chy t ng, trung tm my tnh, trung tm ch huy cha chy.T trung tm ch huy cha chy ra lnh cho cc i cha chy khu vc. Phng tin cha chy t ng l phng tin t ng a cht cha chy vo m chy v dp tt ngn la.Phng tin ny c B tr nhng ni c nhng hng ha, my mc, thit B t tin hoc nhng ni d c s c chy n nht.Phng tin cha chy t ng c th cha chy Bng nc, Bng Bt, Bng kh khng chy ( CO 2,N2) ..v c th hot ng nh ngun in,Bng h thng kh nn, Bng h thng dy cp... Hnh 1-2 l s nguyn tc ca h thng cha chy t ng dng Bt ha khng kh dp tt m chy ca mt cht lng. Khi B ng cht lng 1 B chy my Bo chy 2 Bo v my thu tn hiu chy 3, my thu tn hiu chy 3 iu khin khi ng t 4 v ng c 5 v my Bm 6 lm vic, van t ng 7 m ht nc t B 8 qua thit B trn thuc 9.Cht to Bt t thng 10 vo thit B 9 trn vi nc i ra m chy qua ming phun 11, ha vi khng kh lm thnh Bt ha khng kh dp tt m chy.Khi my Bm nc 6 m th cc van 12,13,14 m.

Hnh 1-1:S nguyn l h thng cha chy t ng 1.4 iu ha Khng Kh trong ta nh cao tng hin i iu ha khng kh (HKK) thng c hiu l lm mt khng kh. Khng phi nh vy m ngoi vic duy tr nhit trong khng gian cn iu ha mc yu cu, h thng HKK cn phi gia m khng kh trong khng gian n nh mc quy nh no .Bn cnh cn phi ch n vn Bo m sch ca khng kh, khng ch n v s lu thng hp l ca dng khng kh. HKK c chia l Ba loi vi ni dung rng hp khc nhau. -iu tit khng kh : dng thit lp cc mi trng thch hp cho vic Bo qun my mc,cng ngh sn xut,ch Bin trong ta nh -iu ha khng kh : nhm to mi trng tin nghi cho cc sinh hot ca con ngi trong ta nh. -iu ha nhit : nhm to ra mi trng c nhit thch hp trong ta nh. 11 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

Nh vy ph thuc vo nhng iu kin c th khc nhau, vic iu chnh nhit trong khng gian cn iu ha khng phi lc no cng theo chiu hng gim so vi nhit ca mi trng xung quanh.Tng t nh vy m ca khng kh c th c iu chnh khng ch gim m c khi cn c yu cu tng ln so vi m Bn ngoi. Mt h thng HKK ng ngha l mt h thng c th duy tr trng thi ca khng kh trong khng gian cn iu ha trong vng quy nh no .N khng th nh hng Bi s thay i Bn ngoi hoc s Bin i ca ph ti Bn trong.T cho thy r rng c mi lin h mt thit gia cc iu kin thi tit Bn ngoi khng gian cn iu ha vi ch hot ng v cc c im cu to ca h thng iu ha khng kh. nc ta kh hu nhit i nng m nhim v ca HKK thng ch lm gim nhit v m ca khng kh trong khng gian cn iu ha so vi khng kh Bn ngoi 1.4.1Cc thnh phn ca h thng iu ha Khng Kh trong ta nh V mt thit B,t hp iu ha khng kh Bao gm cc thnh phn nh sau: - My lnh :l B phn c Bn ca h thng ng vai tr ch yu trong vic khng ch trng thi ca khng kh trong khng gian cn iu ha trong vng quy nh. - B gia nhit v B hm nng : l B phn h tr vi my lnh trong vic iu chnh cc thng s ca khng kh.B phn ny khng nht thit phi c mt trong tt c cc h thng iu ha khng kh, nhng vng c kh hu thng xuyn nng Bc, s Bin ng ca ph ti khng nhiu v cc yu cu k thut khng qu cao thi khng dung B phn ny. - H thng vn chuyn cht ti lnh:l h thng vn chuyn cht ti lnh t ngun sinh lnh n khng gian cn thc hin k thut iu ha khng kh. - H thng phun m:thng c dng cho nhng ni c yu cu gia tng cha hi ca khng kh trong khng gian cn iu ha. - H thng phn B khng kh. - H thng gim n, lc Bi, chng chy kh mi. - H thng thi khng kh Bn trong khng gian cn iu ha ra ngoi tri hoc a tun hon tr li h thng. - B iu chnh v khng ch t ng theo di v duy tr t ng cc thng s chnh ca h thng. Tt nhin khng phi Bt k mt h thng iu ha khng kh no cng phi y cc B phn nu trn. 1.4.2 Mi quan h gia mi trng v c th con ngi trong ta nh cao tng hin i. Ty tng mc ch m h thng HKK s c chc nng khc nhau,ch yu ta xem xt h thng HKK l phng tin nhm to ra mi trng tin nghi, thoi mi cho cc hot ng ca con ngi trong ta nh cao tng hin i. Khng th c tiu chun hoc yu cu v mi trng ging nhau cho tt c mi con ngi. Ty theo tui tc v mc vn ng ca c th m vic pht nhit v s cm nhn d chu hay khng di tc ng ca mi trng xung quanh hon ton khc nhau.C th con ngi xem nh mt ci my nhit.i vi nhit ngi Bnh thng Bn trong c th chng 370C.Do c th lun sn sinh ra mt lng nhit nhiu hn n cn,cho nn duy tr mt lng nhit trong c th con ngi lun thi ra mt lng nhit ra mi trng xung 12

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC quanh.Ba thng s mi trng c nh hng n mc trao i nhit gia mi trng v c th l:Nhit , m tng i v c im chuyn ng ca dng khng kh. - nh hng ca nhit : khi nhit khng kh xung quanh gim xung,cng trao i nhit i lu gia c th v mi trng s tng ln.Cng ny cng tng,khi chnh lch nhit gia B mt c th v khng kh cng tng,nn chnh lch ny kh ln th nhit lng c th mt i cng ln v n mt lc no s c cm gic kh chu v n lnh.Vic gim nhit ca B mt xung quanh s lm gia tng cng trao i nhit Bng Bc x, ngc li nu nhit xung quanh tin gn n nhit c th th thnh phn trao i nhit Bng Bc x s gim i rt nhanh.Cc nghin cu v kinh nghim ch ra rng, trong phn ln cc trng hp th con ngi s cm thy d chu trong vng nhit khong t 220C -:- 270C. - nh hng ca m: chnh m tng i ca khng kh xung quanh quyt nh mc Bay hi, Bc m t c th ra ngoi mi trng.Nu m tng i gim xung,lng m Bc ra ngoi c th s cng nhiu.Kinh nghim cho thy nu nhit khng kh 270C th m khng kh c cm gic d chu nn vo khong 50%. - nh hng ca dng khng kh: ty thuc vo mc chuyn ng ca dng khng kh m lng m thot ra t c th s nhiu hay t.Khi chuyn ng ca dng khng kh tng ln th lp khng kh Bo ha xung quanh B mt c th cng d B ko i nhng ch cho khng kh khc t Bo ha hn.do kh nng Bc m t c th s nhiu hn.Cng phi thy chuyn ng ca dng khng kh khng ch nh hng lng m Bc ra m cn nh hng n cng trao i nhit Bng i lu.R rng qu trnh i lu cng mnh th chuyn ng ca dng khng kh cng ln. Cc nghin cu thc nghim ch ra rng, i vi nhiu ngi to cm gic d chu tc chuyn ng ca khng kh trong ta nh (vng u tin) nn khong chng 0,25m/s.Tuy vy khi chn tc khng kh ta cn lu n s tng thch vi nhit khng kh xung quanh.T Bng 1.1 di y ta thy khi nhit tng th tc ca khng kh cng ln tng mt cht. Bng 1.1 Nhit 21 22 23 24 Tc khng kh 0,15 -:- 0,2 0,20-:- 0,24 0,25-:- 0,3 0,3-:- 0,35 (m/s) 1.4.3 S nhim Khng Kh v vn thng gi trong ta nh cao tng hin i. Mt vn c Bn ca ngi thit k h thng HKK cn phi ch l thng gi cho khng gian cn iu ha trong ta nh cao tng hin i. Nh ta Bit khng gian iu ha trong ta nh cao tng hin i l khng gian tng i kn, trong khng gian c s hin din ca loi ngi v c th tn ti cc loi vt dng khc nhau.Bn cnh nh hng ca Bi Bm v cc vt li ti trong khng kh.Chnh ngi v vt dng o gy ra nhim khng kh trong khng gian cn iu ha,trong s hin din ca con ngi v cc hot ng ca con ngi l nguyn nhn ch yu. C th a ra mt s nguyn nhn c th sau y: 13 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

- do ht th. - do ht thuc l. - do nhng loi mi khc nhau t c th ta ra. Chnh y l ngun gc l gia tng lng CO 2,CO, mt vi loi vi khun, cc loi lm gy Bnh v mt s loi kh c khc trong khng gian cn iu ha. l cho khng kh trong ta nh trong lnh hn, Bt nhim hn, cn thit phi thc hin k thut thng gi .Trong iu ha khng kh,c th hiu thng gi l Bin php k thut nhm thay i mt B phn khng kh trong ta nh Bng mt lng khng kh ti tng ng ly t Bn ngoi.Tt nhin hn ch cc Bi Bm v cc ht li ti khc th cn phi lc v lm sch khng kh ti trc kh a vo trong ta nh iu ha. Trc y khi ni n s nhim khng kh trong ta nh ngi ta thng ngh n nng CO2 c trong khng kh.Gn y, ngoi CO 2 ngi ta cn lu n kh cc loi mi pht ra t c th con ngi v ang nghin cu tm cc loi ch s thch hp nh gi tc ng ca yu t ny n mi trng khng kh trong ta nh cn iu ha.nhng cho n nay ngi ta cn s dng nng CO 2 nh l mt ch s Biu din mc nhim.Bng 1.2 sau y trnh By mt s kt qu . ng vi nng CO2 mc chp nhn no trong ta nh th c th tnh lng kh ti vo trong ta nh cn iu ha nh sau.

K a

y: K : lng kh CO2 do con ngi thi ra thng qua hot ng ht th,m3/h.ngi : nng CO2 c th chp nhn c trong khng gian cn iu ha % th tch a : nng CO2 trong khng kh ngoi tri(Thng thng 0,03% th tch). Q :lu lng khng kh ti phi thi vo khng gian cn iu ha nng CO 2 c duy tr mc chp nhn c ,m3/h.ngi. Bng 1.2 Nng CO2 ngha Ghi ch %Th tch y l mc chp nhn c khi c Cc gi tr ny Bn thn 0,07 nhiu ngi trong phng(theo Pettenkofer) n cha c xem l 0,1 Nng cho php trong cc trng hp mc nguy him, tuy nhin vi t cch l ch thng thng( theoPettenkofer) 0,15 Nng cho php khi dng tnh ton s nhim khng kh thng gi (theo Rietchel) n l con s cn lu Nng tng i nguy him trong h thng o lng 0,2 0,5 0,5 hoc ln Nng nguy him cc ch s nng CO2 trong ta nh nu n hn tip tc tng 45 H thn kinh B kch thch gy ra th su v nhp th gia tng.Nu s ht th trong mi trng ny ko di th s gy ra nguy him. 8 Nu ko di s ht th trong mi trng lu hn 10 pht th mt s Bng v B au u. 14

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC 18 hoc ln hn Bng 1.3. Cng vn ng Ht sc nguy him v dn n t vong.

K. m3/h.ngi

Q,m3/h.ngi

Kh =0,10% Kh =0,15% 0,013 18,6 10,8 Ngh ngi 0,022 31,4 18,3 Rt nh 0,030 43,0 25,0 Nh 0,046 65,7 38,3 Trung Bnh Nng 0,047 106,0 61,7 Nh vy t Bng 1.3 lng khng kh ti cn thit cho mt ngi ph thuc vo cng vn ng ca ngi khi trong khng gian ta nh cn iu ha vi nng CO2 mc quy nh.Trong trng hp nhng ngi hin din trong khng gian c ht thuc,lng khng kh ti cn phi B sung thm vo loi tr nh hng ca khi thuc c trnh By trong Bng 1.4. Tt nhin y c nh hng ca mc ht thuc, th hin iu ngi ta a ra cc thng s phng chng tnh theo s iu thuc/h.ngi Bng 1.4 Mc ht thuc Lu lng khng kh ti ti thiu c ngh s iu thuc/h.ngi kh nh hng ca khi thuc,m3/h.ngi 0,8 -:- 1,0 1,2 -:-1,6 2,5-:-3 3-:-5,1 13 -:-17 20 -:-26 42-:-51 51-:-85

Ngoi nhng iu ni trn, khi nh gi mc v sinh ca mt mi trng no theo nhiu yu t tng hp khc nhau, c th tham kho cc s liu trong Bng 1.5 di y. Bng 1.5 Cc ht l lng nh hn 0,15mg/cm3 khng kh Nng CO nh hn 0,001% theo th tch Nng CO2 nh hn 0,1% theo th tch Nhit t 170C n 280C ty tng trng hp m tng i t 40% n 70% Tc chuyn ng ca khng kh nh hn 0,5m/s 1.4.4 Tiu chun mi trng trong iu tit Khng Kh. p ng ngy cng cao cho cc ta nh m trong cc ta nh c cc hot ng sn xut, gia cng,ch Bin nhm mc tiu nng cao nng sut, cht lng sn phm, ph v 15 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

cc yu cu cng ngh v ci thit iu kin lao ng, ngi ta ang ng dng ngy cng nhiu k thut iu ha khng kh to ra mi trng c nhit v m thch hp. minh ha nhng iu ni trn Bng 1.6 s a ra mt vi s liu c th cho mt s trng hp.gip cho phn iu khin sau ny c tt hn. Bng 1.6 Trng hp Cng ngh sn xut ,ch Nhit ,0C m , % bin 45 Xng in ng v gi sch 21 -:-24 45 -50 phng in n 24-:-27 50 - 60 ni lu gia giy 20-:-23 40 -50 phng lm Bn km 21-:-23 50 70 16-:-24 Sn xut Bia ni ln men 80 - 85 x l malt 24-:-27 50 - 60 chn 18-:-24 cc B phn ch Bin khc 27 45 - 65 45 -55 16 Xng Bnh nho Bt ng gi 24 50 65 ln men 21-:-27 70 - 80 lp rp chnh xc 20 -:-24 40 -50 Cng ngh chnh xc gia cng khc 24 45 -55 chun B 27 -:-29 60 Xng len ko si 27 -:-29 50 - 60 dt 27 -:-29 60 - 70 55 - 65 chi si 22 -:-25 Xng si Bng 60 -70 se si 22 -:-25 70 -90 dt v iu tit cho si 22 -:-25 Ngoi nhit v m, trong mt s nghnh nh quang hc, in t,c kh chnh xc, phim nh tin hc..ngi ta cn ch n sch ca khng kh.v d nh trong cc phng t my tnh s lng ht khng vt qu 2.10 5ht/m3(ch tnh cc ht Bi v cc ht khc c kch thc 3 na n mt tr ln.) 1.4.5 H thng iu Khin o lng ca thit b iu tit Khng Kh trong ta nh cao tng hin i. 1.4.5.1 Khi nim v h thng iu Khin. 1.4.5.1.1Nhim v chc nng ca h thng iu Khin. Trong cc phn trc ta t vn l cc iu kin mi trng trong ta nh phi c duy tr phm vi thng s nht nh nh h thng iu ha khng kh.Tuy nhin ta cha xem xt t m xem lm th no thit B c th vn hnh p ng cc yu cu tin nghi v cng ngh trong cng trnh mt cch ng u ( nhit , m, tc lu thng gi,...) khi ph ti v thi tit thay i.H thng iu khin chnh l mi lin h thng tin gia nhu cu nng lng thay i v nhu cu i vi iu kin mi trng trong ta nh.Nu khng c h thng iu khin c thit k ng v hot ng c hiu qu th thit B iu ha khng kh khng th hot ng tt ngay c khi u t vn rt ln.Ngi thit k h thng thng gi v iu ha khng kh phi thit k c h thng iu khin nhm: 16

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC To ra v duy tr mi trng tin nghi v ph hp vi cng ngh trong ta nh. Duy tr cht lng khng kh trong ta nh gii hn cho php. n gin gi thnh thp, p ng c cc quy chun hot ng ca thng gi, v iu ha khng kh mt cch tin cy. - Hot ng c hiu qu vi mi iu kin. V nguyn tc Bin s c iu khin quan trng nht trong ta nh vn l nhit .Do m ta quan tm ch yu l iu khin nhit trong ta nh.Tt nhin iu khin nhit khng kh trong ta nh ta cng phi kt hp vi nhiu chc nng iu khin khc.nh iu khin ni hi,iu khin my nn lnh,Bm qut, iu khin lu lng khng kh v cht lng,iu khin m v cc h thng iu khin ph khc. 1.4.5.1.2 o lng v Kim tra ti ch S dng dng c o v ch th vi cc thng s sau. -Nhit khngg kh ngoi tri. -Nhit khng kh trong ta nh. -Nhit khng kh thi vo ca h thng. -Nhit khng kh sau khi c x l.(Bung phun ,gin lnh..) -Nhit mi cht trc v sau thit B trao i( B sy khng kh,, gin lnh,gin ngng t....). - m tng i ca khng kh trong ta nh. -p sut trong ng ng dn khng kh v tc khng kh ra khi cc ming thi. -in p, dng in ca ng c my nn, qut (Bm), qut gin lnh, gin ngng t. 1.4.5.1.3 o lng v Kim tra t xa Thng ch thc hin vi mt vi thng s ch yu c trng cho h thng,v d,Nhit , m tng i ca khng kh trong nh,...cc dng c o t nghi thng c s dng trong trng hp cht lng ca sn phm cng ngh ph thuc vo cc thng s ca khng kh trong cng trnh,khi cn theo di v x l sai lch thng s c th ti lm gim cht lng sn phm, thm ch l h hng dy chuyn cng ngh. 1.4.5.1.4 iu Khin t ng. Cn c vo cc gi tr thng s t trc.( nhit , m tng i, lu lng khng kh,p sut,dng in nh mc,...), cc thit B iu khin t ng tc s tc ng v c cu tha hnh iu chnh cc thng s tng ng ca h thng khng cho sai lch vi gi tr t trc.V d, khi ng trnh t cc my nn, khi ng ng thi cc qut gi ngoi,gi hi, Bm tun hon, Bm nc lnh, iu chnh m ca van gi, van nc lnh, van nc phun,.. theo ph ti 2. Phng php qun l ta nh cao tng :Thc trng & s cn thit qun l cc ta nh cao tng Vit Nam Trong thi i cng nghip ha, hin i ha pht trin nh v Bo v khng kh hi nhp kinh t quc t ca Vit Nam hin nay, chng ta tin c nhng Bc di v t c nhng thnh cng v kt qu tng i khch l trong nhiu lnh vc kinh t khc 17 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

nhau. Mt trong nhng thnh cng l qui m th ha vi hng lat cc cng trnh kin trc s mc ln t p thm cho thnh cng v pht trin kinh t ca Vit Nam. T H Ni n thnh ph H Ch Minh, t Mng Ci n C Mau cc ta nh cao tng mc ln rt nhanh th hin cho s thnh cng v mt kinh t v i sng ca c nc. Trc s pht trin nhanh chng , vn t ra l kim nh cht lng cc ta nh nh th no v da vo cc tiu ch no nh gi cht lng cho cc ta nh cao tng . Vn nh gi v kim nh cht lng cho cc ta nh l khng n gin. Chng ta c th a ra cc tiu ch khc nhau nh gi v kim nh chng, nhng phi da trn c s no? Ty theo quan im kin trc, quan im kt cu xy dng, quan im tin nghi, quan im v tnh s dng, quan im v mi trng,... m chng ta c cc tiu ch nh gi v kim nh khc nhau. Mt trong nhng tiu ch m chng ta quan tm l h thng qun l ta nh cao tng BMS (Building Management System). Ty thuc vo mc ch s dng ca cc ta nh m tiu ch t ra cho h BMS l khc nhau. Trn quan im , chng ta a ra vn tho lun v cc h BMS cho cc ta nh cao tng. 2.1 Phn loi nh cao tng: Chng ta c th phn loi cc ta nh cao tng theo mc ch s dng nh sau: Vn phng: nh Bank, cng ty Bo him, Cc ta nh hnh chnh cng cng, Cc ta nh dc phm, Bnh vin, Cc nh ga tu, tu in ngm, Cc khch sn, nh n, Cc trng i hc, trng ph thng, Cc trung tm in thoi, truyn hnh, Cc nh my in, Cc sn Bay, cc trung tm thng tin, Vi mi loi nh cao tng c mc ch s dng khc nhau chng ta c h BMS tng ng ph hp vi mc ch s dng khc nhau . 2.2 H thng qun l cc ta nh Ngoi nhng h thng k thut ti thiu nh h thng in v chiu sng, h thng cp nc, h thng thng gi v ty vo mc ch s dng ca cc ta nh m c thm cc h thng nh: H thng iu khin thng gi v iu ha khng kh H thng iu khin n chiu sng H thng iu khin t H thng iu khin vo ra ta nh H thng Bo ng xm nhp H thng Bo chy, Bo khi H thng thng tin ni B H thng gim st v t ng ha ton B ta nh. H thng cp nc H thng in H thng vi phun nc H thng an ninh 18

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC H thng thang my Cc h thng ny c th chia lm Ba nhm chnh: H thng gim st v Bo ng, H thng qun l nng lng, H thng thng tin. Ba nhm ny c trng cho h thng BMS cho cc ta nh cao tng. Ty thuc vo mc ch s dng m Ba nhm h thng trn c trang B cho cc ta nh hay khng. Trn c s cc h thng ny m chng ta nh gi cht lng ca cc ta nh t tiu chun hay khng t tiu chun ca h thng BMS. 2.3 Thc trng nh cao tng hin Khong 90% s nh cao tng Vit Nam u c cc h thng c s h tng, h thng cung cp v thi nc, h thng cung cp in, h thng qut trn hoc iu ha v h thng Bo chy. y l nhng ta nh loi thng thng. Khong 50% s ta nh c trang B h thng iu ha tp trung, h thng Bo v v Bo chy, h thng Bo ng xm nhp v gim st Bng camera nhng cha c h thng BMS. Tt c thit B ca cc h thng iu ha, Bo chy,.. c iu khin ring Bit, cc B iu khin ny khng trao i thng tin vi nhau, khng c qun l v gim st chung v phn qun l in nng th mi mc thp. y l nhng ta nh c h thng iu khin v gim st tp trung, nhng cha c h thng BMS Khong 30% s ta nh c trang B h thng iu ha tp trung, h thng Bo v v Bo chy, h thng Bo ng xm nhp v gim st Bng camera c trang B h thng BMS. Tt c thit B ca cc h thng iu ha, Bo chy, c iu khin ring Bit v tch hp tng phn. H BMS cho php trao i thng tin, gim st gia cc h thng, cho php qun l tp trung. H BMS cho php qun l in nng mc cao. y l loi ta nh cao tng c trang B h thng t ng ha BMS. Tt c cc ta nh cao tng Vit Nam hin nay u khng c trang B h thng qun l ta nh thng minh. Khi c trang B h thng ny, tt c cc h thng iu ha, Bo chy, ... c iu khin tp trung, tng tc Bi h BMS. Cc h thng c tch hp y h thng thng tin, truyn thng v t ng ha vn phng. y l loi nh cao tng thng minh. Cn gi l cc ta nh hiu nng cao, ta nh xanh, ta nh cng ngh cao, ta nh c nhng chc nng c Bit nh Bnh vin, c quan trung ng, nh quc hi,... Vi cc con s trn, chng ta c th thy thc trng v h thng nh cao tng ca chng ta phn ln cha c trang B h thng BMS. Nu xt v mt cht lng v hiu nng s dng ca cc ta nh th cha t so vi yu cu t ra cho cc ta nh . Chng ta nu mt v d v mt cht lng v hiu nng s dng ca cc ta nh nh sau: Cc ta nh ti thiu phi c h thng cung cp nc, nhng h thng ny cha c trang B h thng BMS v tit kim in nng, do vy tin in s phi chi nhiu hn so vi nhng ta nh c trang B h BMS v h thng tit kim in nng. Do vy cht lng v hiu nng s dng l khng cao. Nu chng ta xt v mt kinh doanh th cc nh cao tng ny s khng c tnh cnh tranh v ng nhin l thua l. 2.3 S cn thit ca h thng BMS cho cc ta nh cao tng Qua phn tch thc trng v h thng qun l nh cao tng trn, chng ta thy tnh cp thit phi trang B cc h BMS cho cc nh cao tng. Ngy nay, cc ta nh cao tng 19 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

khng ch t tiu ch din tch s dng m cn phi t tiu ch v tit kim in nng, t tiu ch v mi trng, tiu ch v tin nghi, tiu ch v h thng thng tin, tiu ch v an ninh, ... Ty thuc vo loi nh cao tng m cc h thng BMS phi trang B cho ph hp vi cc mc ch s dng v mi trng cc ta nh c khai thc. Cc h thng BMS ny c chun ha v c s dng rng ri trn tan th gii. Cc hng cung cp cc sn phm ny xm nhp vo th trng Vit Namnh: Siemens, Honeywell, Yamatake,... Cc nh cao tng Vit Nam s dng h thng BMS ca Siemens thng qua cc cng ty i l Vit sng to, NTC thc hin lp t cho cc ta nh: Saigon Center HCM c a vo s dng 1996, Red riverBuilding Hanoi-1999, Opera Hilton Hotel Hanoi-2000, Hanoi Nation Stadium-2003. Sau khi trang B h BMS ny, cc ta nh khai thc rt hiu qu kh nng qun l gim st v Bo hiu cc s c ca h thng HVAC (H thng thng gi v iu ha khng kh) v tit kim c 50% nng lng in tiu th cho h thng so vi trc khi lp t h thng BMS. Cc ta nh cao tng c trang B h thng BMS-Apogee 600 ca Siemens trn mi ng dng cho h thng thng gi v iu ha khng kh (HVAC) cn cc h thng an ninh v gim st khc vn cha c khai thc mt cch hiu qu. Vi kt qu th hin rt khim tn qua Bn ta nh ni trn, chng ta c th thy s cn thit ca h thng BMS i vi cc ta nh cao tng nh th nao. Do vy, i hi cc ta nh cao tng cn phi c trang B h thng BMS gip cho vic qun l, gim st hiu qu v khai thc tin li, m Bo cho mi trng sng xanh, sch p.

20

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC

CHNG 2 TNG QUAN V CC H THNG IU KHIN TRONG CNG NGHIP


1. M hnh phn cp h thng H thng iu khin trong cng nghip c th chia thnh 5 cp nh sau:

Hnh 2.1 M hnh phn cp chc nng ca mt h thng iu khin gim st Cng cp di th cc chc nng cng mang tnh cht c Bn hn v i hi yu cu cao hn v nhanh nhy, thi gian phn ng. Mt chc nng cp trn c thc hin da trn cc chc nng cp di, tuy khng i hi thi gian phn ng nhanh nh cp di, nhng ngc li lng thng tin cn trao i v x l li ln hn nhiu. Thng thng, ngi ta ch coi Ba cp di thuc phm vi ca mt h thng iu khin v gim st. Tuy nhin, Biu th hai cp trn cng (qun l cng ty v iu hnh sn xut) gip ta hiu thm m hnh l tng v cu trc chc nng tng th cho cc cng ty sn xut cng nghip. Cp chp hnh: Cc chc nng chnh ca cp chp hnh l o lng, truyn ng, v chuyn i tn hiu trong trng hp cn thit. Thc t, a s cc thit B cm Bin (Sensor) hay c cu chp hnh (actuator) cng c phn iu khin ring cho vic thc hin o lng/ truyn ng c chnh xc v nhanh nhy. Cc thit B trng thng minh cng c th m nhn vic x l th thng tin trc khi a ln cp iu khin. Cp iu khin: Nhim v chnh ca cp iu khin l nhn thng tin t cc cm Bin, x l cc thng tin theo mt thut ton nht nh v truyn t li kt qu xung cc c cu chp hnh. Khi cn iu khin th cng, th cc nhim v c cc ngi ng my thao tc trc tip m nhn qua vic theo di cc thit B o lng, s dng kin thc v 21 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

kinh nghim thc hin nhng thao tc cn thit nh: ng m van, Bm nt, iu chnh cn gt, nm xoay..... Trong mt h thng iu khin t ng hin i nhng nhim v c thc hin thng qua iu khin Bng my tnh. Cp iu khin gim st: C chc nng gim st v vn hnh mt qu trnh k thut. Khi a s cc chc nng nh o lng, iu khin, iu chnh, Bo ton h thng c cc cp di thc hin, th nhim v ca cp iu khin gim st l h tr ngi s dng trong vic ci t ng dng, thao tc, theo di, gim st vn hnh v x l nhng tnh hung Bt thng. Ngoi ra, trong mt s trng hp, cp ny cn thc hin cc Bi ton iu khin cao cp nh iu khin phi hp, iu khin trnh t v iu khin theo cng thc( v d trong ch Bin dc phm, ho cht). Khc vi cp di cp iu khin gim st khng i hi phng tin c Bit, thit B phn cng c Bit ngoi cc my tnh thng thng (my tnh c nhn, my trm, my ch, terminal....) Vic phn cp chc nng s tin li cho vic thit k h thng v la chn thit B Cp iu hnh sn xut: Nhim v ca cp iu hnh sn xut l nhn cc thng tin v trng thi lm vic ca cc qu trnh k thut, cc gin my, cng nh ca h thng iu khin t ng, cc s liu tnh ton, thng k v din Bin qu trnh sn xut v cht lng sn phm. ng thi cp iu hnh sn xut c nhim v x l cc s liu, lp k hoch sn xut, ra quyt nh Bo dng my mc, ti u ho sn xut v a cc thng tin v cc thng s thit k, cng thc iu khin, v mnh lnh iu hnh xung cp di. Mt khc cp iu hnh sn xut cn c chc nng l trao i thng tin vi cp qun l cng ty. Cp iu hnh sn xut Bao gm cc my tnh vn phng ni mng cc B vi nhau. Cp qun l cng ty: Cp qun l cng ty l cp trn cng trong m hnh phn cp h thng. Nhim v ca cp ny trao i thng tin gia cng ty v khch hng thng qua th in t, hi tho t xa, dch v truy cp Internet v thng mi in t.... Cp qun l cng ty cn c nhim v tnh ton gi thnh, k hoch sn xut, thng k ti nguyn, x l n t hng.... kt ni cc thnh phn trong h thng vi nhau ta s dng cc h thng Bus. Bus trng: L cc h thng Bus ni tip, s dng k thut truyn tin s kt ni cc thit B thuc cp iu khin (PC, PLC) vi nhau v vi cc thit B ca cp chp hnh, hay cc thit B trng. c trng c Bn ca Bus trng l tnh nng thi gian thc phi cao, yu cu v lng thng tin th khng cao. Cc h thng Bus trng thng s dng l: ProfiBus, ControlNet, ModBus, Foundation FieldBus, DeviceNet, AS-i, EIB.... Bus h thng, Bus qu trnh: Dng kt ni cc my tnh iu khin v cc my tnh trn cp iu khin gim st vi nhau. Qua Bus h thng cc my tnh iu khin c th phi hp hot ng, cung cp d liu qu trnh cho trm k thut v trm quan st. i vi Bus h thng, tu theo lnh vc ng dng m i hi v tnh nng thi gian thc c c t ra mt cch ngt ngho hay khng. Thi gian phn ng thng thng trong khong vi trm miligiy. Trong khi lu lng thng tin ln hn nhiu so vi Bus trng. Cc h thng Bus trng tiu Biu: Ethernet, Industrial Ethernet, ProfiBus-FMS, FieldBus Foundations High Speed Ethernet. Mng x nghip: L mt mng LAN Bnh thng, c chc nng kt ni cc my tnh vn phng thuc cp iu hnh sn xut vi cp iu khin gim st. Mng x nghip khng yu 22

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC cu nghim ngt v tnh nng thi gian thc. Vic trao i d liu din ra khng nh k, nhng c khi vi s lng ln ti hng MByte. Hai loi mng ch yu c dng l Ethernet v Token-Ring trn c s cc giao thc chun nh TCP/IP v IPX/SPX Mng cng ty: c trng ca mng cng ty l gn vi mt mng vin thng hoc mt mng my tnh din rng nhiu hn trn cc phng din phm vi v hnh thc dch v, phng php truyn thng v cc yu cu v k thut.Mng cng ty thng s dng cc loi mng c tc truyn thng v an ton tin cy c Bit cao, chng hn nh: Fast Ethernet, FDDI, ATM..... 2. Cu trc v thit b mng Cu trc mng quyt nh cc thit B cn phi c trong mng v cch ghp ni chng.Thit B mng gm c: -B lp :Sao chp, khuch i v phc hi tn hiu mang thng tin trn ng truyn gia hai trm xa nhau. -Cu ni :Lin kt gia hai mng con vi nhau ch khi lp lin kt d liu( lp 2 m hnh tham chiu OSI) lm vic vi cng giao thc. -Router :Lin kt hai mng con vi nhau trn c s lp 3 theo m hnh OSI. -Gateway:Lin kt cc h thng Bus khc nhau Bng cch chuyn i giao thc cp cao, thng c thc hin Bng cc thnh phn phn mm. -HUB (ghp ni cc trm theo cu trc ARCNET v Ethernet). -MAU (Ghp ni cc trm theo cu trc Token-Ring). -TRANSIVER/RECEIVER:ghp ni hai trm trc tip trn mt khong cch ln. -Module truyn thng (Ca PLC...)card mng(ca Bin tn, module phn tn...):Mng ProfiBus. -Card my tnh(mng LAN). -C 3 kiu lin kt ghp ni chng vi nhau: Lin Kt im - im :l loi lin kt ch nghp ni hai i tc truyn thng. xy dng mt trm truyn thng trn c s ny s cn nhiu ng truyn ring Bit, vi nhiu module truyn thng. Lin Kt im - nhiu im (multi-drop) : s dng duy nht mt i tc truyn thng l trm ch.Cc i tc cn li lm trm t.Thng tin truyn t trm ch n cc trm t trong cng mt lc(lin kt im nhiu im).Vic giao tip 23 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

theo chiu ngc li t trm t ti trm ch ch c thc hin theo kiu im im.Nhiu i tc c th ni vi nhau qua mt cp chung duy nht. Lin Kt nhiu im(Multipoint): l lin kt ngang hng vi nhiu i tc tham gia.Bt k i tc no cng c quyn thu pht tn hiu.Cng nh lin kt im,nhiu im,c th x dng mt cp duy nht ni gia cc i tc. C th phn Bit cc dng cu trc c Bn l Bus, mch vng tch cc v hnh sao nh sau: 2.1 Cu trc bus Tt c cc thnh vin ca mng u c ni trc tip vi mt ng dn chung.c im c Bn ca cu trc Bus l vic x dng chung mt ng dn duy nht cho tt c cc trm.V th tit kim c cp dn v cng lp t. C th phn Bit Ba loi cu hnh trong cu trc Bus : daisy chain v trunk line/drop line v mch vng khng tch cc. Hai cu hnh u cng c xp vo kiu cu trc ng thng,Bi hai u ng truyn khng khp kn. Vi daisy chain,mi trm c ni mng trc tip ti giao l ca hai on dy dn, khng qua mt on dy ni ph no.Ngc li, trong cu hnh trunk- line/drop-line, mi trm c ni qua mt ng nhnh(drop line) n ng trc (Trunk line).Cn mch vng khng tch cc thc cht ch khc vi (trunk line/drop line) ch ng truyn c khp kn. Bn cnh vic tit kim dy dn th tnh n gin, d thc hin l nhng u im chnh ca cu trc Bus, nh vy m cu trc ny ph Bin nht trong cc h thng mng truyn thng cng nghip.Trong trng hp mt trm khng lm vic (hng hc, do ngt ngun,...)Khng nh hng n phn mng cn li.Mt s h thng cn cho vic tch mt trm ra khi mng hoc thay th mt trm trong khi c h thng vn hot ng Bnh thng. Tuy nhin vic dng chung mt ng dn i hi mt phng php phn chia thi gian s dng thch hp trnh xung t tn hiu - gi l phng php truy nhp mi trng hay phng php truy nhp Bus.Nguyn tc truyn thng c thc hin nh sau:ti mt thi im nht nh ch c mt thnh vin trong mng c gi tn hiu, cn cc thnh vin khc ch c quyn nhn. Ngoi vic cn phi kim sot truy nhp mi trng, cu trc Bus cn c nhng nhc im sau: Mt tn hiu gi i c th ti tt c cc trm v theo mt trnh t khng kim sot c,v vy phi thc hin phng php gn a ch(logic) theo kiu th cng cho tng trm.Trong thc t, vic gn a ch ny gy ra khng t kh khn. Tt c cc trm u c kh nng pht v phi lun lun nghe ng dn pht hin ra thng tin c phi gi cho mnh hay khng, nn phi c thit k sao cho c ti vi s trm ti a. y chnh l l do phi hn ch s trm trong mt on mng.Khi cn m rng mng phi dng thm cc B lp. Chiu di ng dn tng i di,v vy i vi cu trc ng thng xy ra hin tng phn x mi u dy lm gim cht lng ca tn hiu. khc phc hin tng 24

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC ny ngi ta chn hai u dy Bng hai tr u cui.Vic s dng cc tr u cui cng lm tng ti ca h thng. Trong trng hp ng dn B t, hoc do ngn mch trong phn kt ni Bus ca trm B hng u dn n ngng hot ng ca c h thng. Hoc khi lng gic cm ni trm ny hoc trm khc s dng hot ng ca tt c cc trm sau . Cu trc ng thng, lin kt a im c hu gy ra kh khn trong p dng cc cng ngh truyn tn hiu mi nh s dng cp quang. Mt s v d mng cng nghip tiu Biu s dng cu trc Bus l PROFIBUS,CAN WordldFIP,Foundation FieldBus,LonWorks,AS-i v Ethernet. 2.2 Cu trc mch vng(tch cc) Cu trc mch vng c thit k sao cho cc thnh vin trong mng c ni t im ny n im kia mt cch tun t trong mt mch vng khp kn.Mi thnh vin u tham gia tch cc vo vic kim sot dng tn hiu.Khc vi cu trc ng thng, y tn hiu c truyn i theo mt chiu quy nh.Mi trm nhn c d liu t trm trc v chuyn sang trm ln cn ng sau.Qa trnh ny c lp li cho n khi tn hiu quay tr v trm gi, n s c hu B. u im c Bn ca mng cu trc kiu ny l mi mt nt ng thi c th l mt B khuch i,do vy khi thit k mng theo kiu cu trc vng c th thc hin vi khong cch v s trm rt ln.Mi trm c kh nng va nhn va pht tn hiu cng mt lc.Bi mi thnh vin ngn cch mch vng ra lm hai phn,v tn hiu ch c truyn theo mt chiu,nn Bin php trnh xung t tn hiu c thc hin mt cch n gin hn. Vi kiu mch vng khng c iu khin trung tm, cc trm u Bnh ng nh nhau trong quyn nhn v pht tn hiu.Nh vy vic kim sot ng dn s do cc trm t m nhn v phn chia.Vi kiu c iu khin trung tm,mt trm ch s m nhn vai tr kim sot vic truy nhp ng dn. Vic gn a ch cho cc thnh vin trong mng cng c th do mt trm ch thc hin mt cch hon ton t ng, cn c vo th t sp xp vt l ca trm mch vng.u im ca cu trc mch vng l kh nng xc nh v tr xy ra s c, t dy hay mt trm ngng lm vic.Tuy nhin s hot ng khng Bnh thng ca mng trong trng hp ny ch vi mt dy d phng nh FDDI. Mt k thut khc c p dng x l s c ti mt trm l dng cc B chuyn mch By-pass t ng.Mi trm thit B s c u vi mch vng nh B chuyn mch ny.Trong trng hp s c xy ra, B chuyn mch s t ng pht hin v ngn mch,B qua thit B c ni mng qua n. Cu trc mch vng c x dng trong mt s h thng c tin cy cao nh Internet, Token Ring(IBM) v c Bit l FDDI.

2.3 Cu trc hnh sao : L mt cu trc m c trm trung tm quan trng hn tt c cac nt mng khc, nt ny s iu khin s truyn thng ca ton mng.Cc thnh vin khc c kt ni gin tip 25 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

vi nhau qua trm trung tm.Tng t nh cu trc mch vng, c th nhn thy y kiu lin kt v mt vt l l kiu im - im.Tuy nhin, lin kt v mt logic vn c th l nhiu im.Nu trm trung tm ng vai tr tch cc, n c th m ng nhim v kim sot ton B vic truyn thng ca mng, cn nu khng s ch nh mt B chuyn mch. Mt nhc im ca cu trc hnh sao l s c trm trung tm s lm t lit ton B cc hot ng truyn thng trong mng.V vy, trm trung tm thng phi c tin cy rt cao. Mt nhc im tip theo ca cu trc hnh sao l tn dy dn,nu nh khong trung Bnh gia cc trm nh hn khong cch ca chng ti trm trung tm.ng nhin trong cc h thng vin thng khng trnh khi vic dng cu trc ny.i vi mng truyn thng cng nghip, cu trc hnh sao tm thy trong cc phm vi nh.V d nh cc B chia, thng dng vo mc ch m rng cc cu trc khc.Lu rng, trong nhiu trng hp mt mng cu trc hnh sao v v mt vt l li c cu trc nh mt h Bus,Bi cc trm vn c th t do lin lc nh khng c s tn ti ca trm trung tm.Chnh cc h thng mng Ethernet cng nghip ngy nay s dng ph Bin cu trc ny kt hp vi k thut chuyn mch v phng pht truyn dn tc cao. 2.4 Kin trc giao thc D liu thng tin c truyn trong mng thng l sau khi c ng gi.Gi tin Bao gm cc thng tin cn truyn ti, Bt u cui, xc nhn cng a ch trm nhn v thng tin trm truyn.C nhiu loi dch v truyn thng, vi cc cp khc nhau.Tu theo nhu cu v tin li hay hiu sut trao i thng tin m ngi ta c th quyt nh s dng dch v cp no.Vic thc hin tt c cc dch v c da trn nguyn hm dch v, Bao gm : - Yu cu dch v. - Ch th nhn li dch v. - p ng dch v. - Xc nhn dch v. C hai loi dch v xc nhn v khng xc nhn,tu theo quan h gia Bn cung cp dch v v Bn yu cu dch v.Dch v xc nhn i hi c Bn nguyn hm, trong khi dch v khng xc nhn ch cn hai nguyn hm u tin. Giao thc l c s chnh cho vic thc hin v s dng cc dch v truyn thng, l cc quy tc cho vic giao tip.Mc ch to mi trng chung cho Bn cung cp dch v v c Bn s dng dch v c th hiu c nhau. Mt quy chun giao thc Bao gm cc thnh phn sau: - C php (syntax): Quy nh v cu trc Bc in, gi d liu dng khi trao i, trong c phn thng tin hu ch (d liu) v cc thng tin B tr nh a ch, thng tin iu khin, thng tin kim li.. - Ng ngha (sematic): quy nh ngha c th ca tng Bc in, nh phng php a ch, phng php Bo ton d liu th tc iu khin dng thng tin, x l li.... - nh thi (timing): Quy nh v trnh t th tc giao tip,ch truyn (ng B hay khng n B), tc truyn thng.... - Vic thc hin mt dch v truyn thng trn c s cc giao thc tng ng c gi l x l giao thc.Qa trnh x l giao thc c th l m ho(x l giao thc Bn gi) v gii m(x l giao thc Bn nhn).Tng t dch v truyn thng, 26

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC giao thc cng Bao gm giao thc cp thp v cp cao tng ng.Giao thc cp cao gn vi ngi x dng thng c s dng Bng phn mm. Mt s v d v giao thc: - FTP: File transfer Protocol. - HTTP : Hypertest Transfer Protocol. - MMS: Mannufactoring Message Specification. - TCP/IP: Transmisson Control Protocoll/Internet Prrotocol - HART : Highway AdressaBle Remote Transducer. - HDLC : High Level Data Link Control. Nhm h tr cc h thng truyn thng c kh nng tng tc vi nhau, ngi ta a ra mt kin trc giao tip c gi l m hnh quy chiu OSI.

2.5 M hnh tham chiu OSI (Open System Interconnection) Ch l mt m hnh kin trc phn lp vi mc ch phc v vic sp xp v i chiu cc h thng truyn thng c sn, trong c c vic so snh, i chiu cc giao thc v dch v truyn thng, cng nh c s cho vic pht trin cc h thng mi 27 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

H2.2 M hnh tham chiu OSI Lp ng dng: L lp trong cng m hnh tham chiu OSI, cung cp cc dch v cao cp tn c s cc giao thc cao cp cho ngi x dng v cc chng trnh ng dng.Cc dch v thuc lp ng dng c thc hin hu ht Bng phn mm. x dng ngi ta dng cc khi hm(function Block),tch hp c mt s chc nng x l thng tin, thm ch c iu khin ti ch..y cng l xu hng mi trong chun ho cc lp ng dng cho cc h thng Bus trng. Hng ti kin trc iu khin phn tn trit .. Lp biu din d liu: Chc nng ca lp Biu din d liu l chuyn i cc dng Biu din d liu khc nhau v c php mt dng chun.Nhm to iu kin cho cc i tc truyn thng c th hiu c nhau mc d chng s dng cc kiu d liu khc nhau.Lp ny cn c th cung cp mt s dch v Bo mt d liu, v d nh phng php Bo mt m kho. 28

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC Chc nng ny c th kt hp thc hin trn lp ng dng n gin ho, v nng cao hiu sut ca vic x l giao thc, l c trng ca cc h thng Bus trng. Lp Kim sot ni (sesion layer). Lp kim sot ni c chc nng kim sot mi lin kt truyn thng gia cc chng trnh ng dng,Bao gm cc vic to lp, qun l v kt thc cc ng ni gia cc ng dng i tc.Mi quan h gia cc chng trnh ng dng mng tch cht lgic:thng qua mt mi lin kt vt l gia hai trm, hai nt mng c th tn ti song song nhiu lgic.Thng thng kim sot ni l chc nng ca h iu hnh. thc hin cc ng ni gia hai ng dng i tc, h iu hnh c th to cc tnh ton song song.Nh vy, nhim v ng B ho cc qu trnh tnh ton ny i vi vic x dng chung mt giao din mng cng thuc chc nng ca lp kim sot ni.Chnh v vy lp ny cn c tn l lp ng B ho. Lp vn chuyn: Khi mt khi d liu c truyn i thnh tng gi, cn phi Bo m tt c cc gi u n ch v theo ng trnh t chng c chuyn i.Chc nng ca lp vn chuyn d liu gia cc chng trnh ng dng mt cch tin cy, Bao gm c trch nhim khc phc li v iu khin lu thng.Nh vy m cc lp trn c th thc hin c cc chc nng cao cp m khng cn quan tm n c ch vn chuyn d liu c th. Cc nhim v ca lp vn chuyn Bao gm : Qun l v tn hnh thc cho cc trm x dng. nh v cc i tc truyn thng qua tn hnh thc hoc a ch. X l li v kim sot dng thng tin,trong c c vic lp li quan h lin kt v thc hin cc th tc gi li d liu khi cn thit. Dn knh cc ngun d liu khc nhau. ng B ho gia cc i tc Trong mng truyn thng cng nghip, mt s nhim v nh dn knh hoc kim sot lu thng tr ln khng cn thit.Cc chc nng cn li c dn ln kp hp vi lp ng dng n tin cho vic vic thc hin v to iu kin cho ngi s dng chn phng n ti u ho v nng cao hiu sut truyn thng. Lp mng: Lp mng c nhim v tm ng i ti u(routing) cho vic vn chuyn d liu, gii phng s ph thuc ca cc lp Bn trn vo phng thc chuyn giao d liu v cng ngh chuyn mch dng kt ni cc h thng khc nhau.Vic xy dng v hu B cc quan h lin kt gia cc nt mng cng thuc trch nhim ca lp mng.Tuy nhin lp mng khng c ngha i vi mt h thng truyn thng cng nghip.Bi y hoc khng c nhu cu trao i d liu gia hai trm khc nhau hai mng khc nhau,hoc vic trao i c thc hin gin tip thng qua chng trnh ng dng(khng thuc lp no 29 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

trong m hnh tham chiu OSI).Cc B router thng dng trong lin kt mng hon ton khng ng vi tr g trong h thng Bus trng. Lp lin Kt d liu: Lp lin kt d liu m nhn vic iu khin truy nhp mi trng truyn dn v Bo ton d liu, tng ng vi hai lp con:Lp iu khin truy nhp mi trng v lp iu khin lin kt lgic.Trong mt s h thng,lp lin kt d liu c th m nhim thm mt s chc nng khc nh kim sot lu thng v ng B ho vic chuyn giao khung d liu. thc hin chc nng Bo ton d liu, thng tin nhn c t lp pha trn c ng gi thnh cc Bc in c chiu di hp l.Cc khung d liu ny cha cc thng tin B sung phc v mc ch kim li, kim sot lu thng v ng B ho.Lp lin kt d liu pha Bn nhn thng tin s da vo cc thng tin ny xc nh tnh chnh xc ca d liu, sp xp cc khung li theo ng trnh t v khi phc li thng tin chuyn tip lp trn n. Lp vt l: L lp di cng trong m hnh phn lp chc nng truyn thng ca mt trm hit B,m nhn ton B cng vic truyn dn d liu Bng phng tin vt l.Cc quy nh y m t giao din vt l gia mt trm thit B v mi trng truyn thng: Cc chi tit v cu trc mng (Bus ,cy hnh sao...). Chun truyn dn(RS485 IEC1158 -2 ,truyn cp quang..) Phng php m ho Bt(NRZ,Manchester,FSK...). Ch truyn ti (di rng/di c s/di mang,ng B/khng ng B). Cc tc truyn ghp. Giao din c hc(Phch cm,gic cm....) Lp vt l cn c chun ho sao cho mt h thng truyn thng c s la chn gia mt vi kh nng khc nhau.Trong h thng Bus trng, s la chn ny l khng ln qu, hu ht da trn vi chun c Bn. 2.6 Kin trc giao thc TCP/IP Khi nim TCP/IP dng ch c mt B giao thc v dch v truyn thng c cng nhn thnh chun cho Internet.TCP/IP xm nhp vo rt nhiu phm vi ng dng khc nhau. Trong c c mng my tnh cc B v truyn thng cng nghip, cng vi xu hng pht trin ca mng Ethernet hin nay,TCP/IP s chim mt trong nhng vai tr quan trng hng u trong cng ngh Bus trong tng lai.

Kin trc giao thc TCP/IP v i chiu vi m hnh OSI c m t trn hnh sau: Lp ng dng Lp ng dng 30

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC Lp biu din d liu Lp Kim sot ni Lp vn chuyn Lp mng Lp lin Kt d liu Lp vt l TELNET FTP SNMP SMTP DNS Lp vn chuyn TCP UDP Lp Internet ICMP IP ARP RARP Lp truy nhp mng Lp vt l Hnh 2.3 : So snh TCP/IP Vi OSI

2.7 Truy nhp bus Trong mt mng c cu trc Bus cc thnh vin phi chia nhau thi gian s dng ng dn. trnh xung t v tn hiu gy ra sai lch v thng tin, mi mt thi im trn mt ng dn ch duy nht mt in tn c php truyn i.Chnh v vy, mng phi c iu khin sao cho ti mi mt thi im nht nh ch c mt thnh vin trong mng c gi thng tin i.Cn s lng thnh vin trong mng mun nhn thng tin th khng hn ch.V vy t ra vn v phng php phn chia thi gian gi thng tin trn ng dn.Gi l phng php truy nhp Bus. Ngi ta thng quan tm n Ba kha cnh: tin cy,tnh nng thi gian thc v hiu sut s dng ng truyn.Tnh nng thi gian thc l y l kh nng p ng nhu cu trao i thng tin mt cch kp thi v tin cy.Hiu sut s dng ng truyn l mc khai thc, s dng ng truyn, c tnh Bng phn trm thi gian ng truyn c s dng hiu qu vo vic truyn ti d liu. Hin nay c 5 phng php truy nhp ng truyn c chia thnh cc phng php tin nh,vi trnh t truy nhp Bus c xc nh r rng,c tnh nng thi gian thc v cc phng php ngu nhin, vi trnh t truy nhp Bus khng c quy nh cht ch trc, m xy ra hon ton theo nhu cu ca cc trm. 2.7.1 Master/Slaver Thuc nhm cc phng php tin nh, mt trm ch c trch nhim ch ng phn chia quyn truy nhp Bus cho cc trm t.Phng php ny c u im l vic kt ni mng cc trm t n gin, t tn km,.Tuy nhin hiu sut trao i thng tin gia cc trm t B gim do d liu phi i qua khu trung gian l trm ch. 2.7.2 TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) L phng php a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian, mi trm c phn mt thi gian truy nhp Bus nht nh.Cc trm ln lt thay nhau gi thng tin trong khong thi gian cho php.Phng php ny c th khng hoc c trm ch.Mi trm u c kh nng m nhim vi tr ch ng trong vic giao tip trc tip vi cc trm khc. 2.7.3 ToKen Passing Token l mt Bc in ngn khng mang d liu, c cu trc c Bit phn Bit vi cc Bc in mang thng tin ngun, c dng tng t nh mt cha kho.Mi trm c quyn truy nhp Bus v gi thng tin i ch trong thi gian n c gi Token .Sau khi khng c nhu cu gi thng tin n phi gi Token n mt trm khc theo mt trnh t nht nh. 2.7.4 CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection) 31 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

Mi trm u c quyn truy nhp Bus m khng cn mt s kim sot no.Phng php c tin hnh nh sau: - Mi trm u phi nghe ng dn,nu ng dn ri th mi c pht. - Do vic lan truyn tn hiu cn mt khng thi gian no , nn vy c kh nng hai trm cng pht tn hiu ln ng dn.V vy trong khi pht mi trm vn phi nghe ng dn so snh tn hiu pht i vi tn hiu nhn c xem c xy ra xung t hay khng. - Trong trng hp xy ra xung t,mi trm u phi hu B Bc in ca mnh ch mt thi gian ngu nhin v th gi li. Phng php c p dng rng ri trong mng Ethernet vi cc u im ca n.. 2.7.5 CSMA/CA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Avoidance) Tng t nh CSMA/DC, mi trm u phi nghe ng dn trc khi gi cng nh sau khi gi thng tin.Tuy nhin, mt phng php m ho Bt thch hp c x dng y trong trng hp xy ra xung t, mt tn hiu s ln t tn hiu kia.V d tng ng vi Bt 0 l mc in p cao s ln p mc in p thp ca Bt 1. 2.8 Bo ton d liu: Nhim v Bo ton d liu c xp vo lp 2(Lp lin kt d liu trong m hnh tham chiu OSI).Trong truyn thng cng nghip, do cht lng mi trng truyn dn m thng tin truyn ti khng trnh khi sai lch.V vy t ra vn lm sao hn ch li, pht hin li v khi phc d liu. Bin php th nht gim tc ng ca nhiu Bng cch x dng cc thit B phn cng cao cp v cc Bin php Bc lt ng truyn tn hiu.Bin php th hai l x dng x l giao thc pht hin v khc phc li, trong pht hin li ng vai tr hng u.Trong qu trnh m ho ngun,Bn gi B sung thm mt s thng tin ph tr, c tnh theo mt thut ton quy c vo Bc in cn gi i.Da vo thng tin B tr ny m Bn nhn c th kim sot v pht hin ra li trong d liu nhn c(gii m). Khi pht hin c li, c th c cch khi phc d liu, hay Bin php n gin hn l yu cu gi li d liu.Cc phng php Bo ton d liu thng dng l: -Party Bit mt chiu v hai chiu. -Phng php m vng CRC. -Nhi Bt:Bit Stuffing. Trong thc t, c Ba phng php parity Bit.CRC v git stuffing u c th s dng phi hp.V d mt thng tin ngun, sau khi p dng phng php CRC c th tnh parity Bit cho phn thng tin B sung.Ton B d liu nhn c c th li a qua khu Bit stuffing, trc khi m ho Bit. 2.9 M ho bit. M ho Bit l qu trnh chuyn i dy Bit 0,1 sang mt tn hiu thch hp c th truyn dn trong mi trng vt l(cp truyn dn tn hiu).Vic chuyn i ny chnh l s dng mt tham s thng tin thch hp m ho dy Bit cn truyn ti.Cc tham s thng tin c th c cha ng trong Bin , tn s ,pha hoc sn xung.Cc phng php m ho Bit thng dng l:iu ch Bin xung(NRZ v RZ) Phng php iu ch pha xung 32

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC hay v tr xung(Tham s thng tin c th hin qua cc sn xung, PP Manchester),Phng php xung sn xoay chiu(AFP),phng php iu ch dch tn s (FSK).Trong ang k l hai phng php : NRZ v RZ l mt trong nhng Bin php c s dng rng ri nht trong cc h thng Bus trng,c tn s nhp Bus thp hn nhiu so vi tn s nhp Bus.Tuy nhin khng thch hp cho vic ng B ho v khng c kh nng ng ti ngun. M Manchester c s dng rng ri nht trong cc h thng truyn thng cng nghip nh cc xung ca n c th trong vic ng B ho gia Bn gi v Bn nhn.Vi vic s dng tn hiu lng cc, dng mt chiu s B trit tiu v do n c kh nng ng ti ngun.Thm na, n c kh nng chng nhiu cao nh vic s dng sn xung ca tn hiu. 2.10 Chun v mi trng truyn dn: Mng truyn thng cng nghip ch yu s dng phng php truyn d liu ni tip, khng ng B.Vi phng php ny cc Bit c truyn t Bn gi n Bn nhn mt cch tun t trn cng mt ng truyn.V khng c ng dy ring Bit mang tn hiu nhp nn vic ng B ho c tho thun trn c s mt giao thc truyn thng.Hin nay cc chun truyn dn c 4 dng: - RS232 : c dng ch yu trong vic giao tip im - im gia hai DTE,gia DTE v DTC, nh gia hai my tnh, PLC hoc PC vi OP ca Bin tn, gia my tnh v my in,modem....Khng ghp ni c vi thit B th Ba.S dng phng php truyn tin khng i xng, ch lm vic l hai chiu ton phn(hai trm c th cng tham gia thu/pht tn hiu cng mt lc).S dng tn hiu chnh lch in p gia hai dy dn(transmit v receive data) vi t.Tc truyn cho php ti a l 19.2kBd.RS232 c nhc im l chiu di cho php t 30 -:-50m nhng c u im l s dng cng sut pht tng i thp nh tr khng u vo hn ch khong t 3 7k. -RS422: s dng phng php truyn tin i xng thng qua in p chnh lch i xng gia hai dy dn A v B.Nh vy gim c nhiu v tng chiu di dy dn ln mt cch ng k, ti 1200m m khng cn B lp.C Ba phng php truyn tn hiu:truyn mt chiu hoc hai chiu gin on cn mt i dy, truyn hai chiu ton phn cn 2 i dy.RS422 c kh nng ghp ni im - im v im - nhiu im trong mt mng n gin,c th l c duy nht mt trm c pht v 10 trm c th nhn tn hiu.Tuy vy thc t RS422 thng ch c dng ghp ni im - im vi mc ch thay th RS232 cho khong cch truyn thng ln vi tc cao hn.. -RS485:ging RS422 v mt in hc.Tuy nhin ngng gii hn qui nh ca in p lm vic c ni rng ra khong -7V n 12 V cng nh tr khng u vo cho php ln gp 3 ln so vi RS422. c tnh khc nhau c Bn ca RS485 v RS422l kh nng nghp ni nhiu im c s dng trong h thng Bus trng.C th 32 trm c th tham gia nghp ni, c nh a ch v giao tip ng thi trong mt on RS485 m khng cn B lp khong cch ti a cho trm u v cui l 1200m.Khng ph thuc vo s trm tham gia.Tc truyn dn ti a l 10MBit/s. -IEC1158-2: nhm vo cc ng dng iukhin qa trnh trong cng ngh ch Bin nh lc du, ho cht..ni c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton chy n v ngun cung cp cho 33 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

cc thit B trng. IEC1158-2 quy nh cc iu kin Bin m Bo cho vic truyn dn an ton trong mi trng d chy n, quy nh ch truyn ng B vi tc truyn 31.25kBit/s,s dng phng php truyn dn chnh lch i xng, vi cp i dy xon v in tr u cui l 100, mc in p ti a trong khong 0,75 1V.Bn cnh vic x dng tn hiu d liu ng B nhp gia Bn gi v Bn nhn, s dng phng php m ho Bit Manchster cn cho php cung cp ngun cho cc trm thng qua chnh ng Bus tn hiu.S trm ti a l 126, vi nhiu nht 4 B lp, vi ngun 24V chiu di ti a ca mt on mng ln n 1900m. Mi trng truyn dn nh hng ln n cht lng, kh nng chng nhiu ca tn hiu nh hng n tc truyn v khong cch ti a cho php.L thit B nm ngoi m hnh quy chiu OSI. Trong k thut truyn thng ni chung cng nh trong k thut truyn thng cng nghip ni ring, ngi ta s dng cc phng tin truyn dn sau: -Cp in :cp ng trc, i dy xon. -Cp quang:cp si thu tinh, cp si cht do. -V tuyn:vi sng,tia hng ngoi,siu m. Ph Bin nht trong cc h thng Bus trng vn l i dy xon. i vi cc ng dng c yu cu cao hn v tc truyn v an ton i vi nhiu th cp ng trc l s la chn tt hn.Cp quang cng c ng dng trong cc ng dng phm vi a l rng, mi trng xung quanh nhiu mnh hoc d n mn . Hoc c yu cu rt cao v tin cy cng nh tc truyn d liu.

34

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC

3. Cu trc c bn ca mt h thng gim st. Mt h thng iu khin v gim st qu trnh c cc cu trc c Bn sau: - Cu trc tp trung. - Cu trc phn quyn. - Cu trc phn tn. 3.1 Cu trc tp trung Concentrated Architechure. Cu trc tiu Biu ca mt h thng iu khin tp trung c minh ho trn hnh Hnh 2.4.Mt my tnh duy nht c dng iu khin cc qu trnh con.Cc B cm Bin v chp hnh c ni trc tip, im n im( point to point) vi my tnh iu khin trung tm qua cc cng vo/ ra ca n.

Hnh 2.4 Cu trc iu khin tp trung Mi B cm Bin c ni vi mt cng vo v mt thit B chp hnh c ni vi cng ra Bng mt dy ni ring Bit.im ng ch y l s tp trung ton B qu trnh x l thng tin, d liu vo mt thit B iu khin duy nht. Mt cu trc tp trung nh vy thng thch hp cho t ng ho cc loi my mc, cc thit B va v nh Bi s n gin, d thc hin v gi thnh mt ln cho my tnh iu khin.Tuy nhin cu trc ny Bc l nhng hn ch sau: Cng vic ni dy phc tp gi thnh cao; Vic m rng h thng gp kh khn khi thit B u cui tng ln. tin cy h thng km do ph thuc vo mt thit B iu khin duy nht. 35 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

nng cao tin cy ca h thng, c th dng thm mt my tnh d phng ging h my tnh chnh.Nhng vn ca gii php ny l vn gi thnh cao. Cn nhc im th nht c th c khc phc Bng mt mng dn chung gi l Bus trng (fieldBus) thay cho dy ni trc tip v phn tn mt phn tr tu xung cp chp hnh.y chnh l xut pht im cho con ng dn n cu trc phn tn. 3.2 Cu trc phn quyn khc phc s ph thuc vo my tnh trung tm v tng tnh linh hot ca h thng, trong cu trc phn quyn, mi qu trnh con(hoc mi nhm qu trnh con) c iu khin Bng mt my tnh ring Bit cng c t ti phng iu khin.Bi cc qu trnh con c lin quan h qu tng hp ti nhau, iu khin qu trnh tng hp cn thit c s hp tc gia chng vi nhau.Trong phn ln cc trng hp,mt my tnh trung tm c iu khin cp cao cng nh phi hp s hot ng ca cc my phn quyn nh c m t trn hnh 2.5.My tnh phi hp ny c th thuc cng cp iu khin hoc thuc cp iu hnh, tu theo cc chc nng c thc hin.

Hnh 2.5:Cu trc iu khin phn quyn Cc my tnh iu khin c kt ni vi nhau v vi my tnh phi hp qua mng c gi l Bus x l.Ch s phn Bit gia cc khi nim Bus trng v Bus x l khng Bt Buc nm s khc nhau v kiu Bus c x dng m mc ich s dng hay ni cch khc l cc thit B c kt ni.Khi ni ti Bus x l, ta ngh trc ht n mng kt ni cc thit B thng tin cp iu khin( y chnh l cc my tnh iu khin) vi nhau hoc vi cc thit B trn cp iu hnh.Trong khi khi nim Bus trng thng c dng ch mng kt ni cc thit B gn vi qu trnh k thut tc cc thit B cp chp 36

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC hnh v c th c cp iu khin.Trong mt s gii php, mt kiu Bus duy nht c s dng c dng cho c hai mc ch ny. 3.3 Cu trc phn tn c im ca mt cu trc iu khin phn tn l vic phn tn chc nng x l thng tin, chc nng iu khin theo chiu rng cng nh theo chiu su kt hp vi x dng mng truyn thng thay cho phng php ni dy v Bng in thng thng.Bn cnh gii php s dng cc cm vo /ra ti ch v cc thit B chp hnh thng minh,ngi ta cn a cc my tnh iu khin nh(nh cc B iu chnh, vi iu khin) xung cc v tr gn k vi qu trnh k thut. H 2.6 mt v d tiu Biu ca mt h thng iu khin phn tn dng gii php hn hp c chia lm khu vc: Trung tm iu hnh qu trnh Bao gm cc trm cng ngh ES(Engineering Station), trm thao tc OS (operation station) v trm phc v SS (Server Station). Trung tm iu khin Bao gm cc my tnh iu khin nh PLC, my tnh cng nghip IPC v cc my tnh phi hp c ni vi nhau v ni ln trung tm iu hnh qu trnh qua Bus x l (thng dng Ethernet). Khu vc gn vi qu trnh k thut Bao gm cc B iu khin ti ch nh cc B vi iu khin MC(micro controller) hay cc B iu khin thu gn(compact controller),cc cm vo /ra ti ch, cc thit B cm Bin v chp hnh c ni ln trung tm iu khin qua Bus trng(v d ProfiBus,Foundation fieldBus...). Trong thc t, tu theo tnh cht ng dng v th loi qu trnh k thut m cu trc phn tn c th n gin ho hoc m rng hn.R rng cu trc phn tn c th hin nhng im sau: Tit kim dy ni v cng ni dy nh mng truyn thng. Hiu sut cng nh tin cy tng th ca h thng c nng cao nh s phn tn chc nng xung cp di. linh hot cao, tinh nng m trong vic m rng h thng, mua sm v thay th thit B, nng cp v ci to mi cc chng trnh phn mm ng dng. Chnh t cc yu cu Bc thit t pha ngi x dng l phi gim gi thnh trong khi cc tnh nng k thut phi m Bo, cng vi cc tin B vt Bc trong cng ngh vi in t v cng ngh thng tin ng vai tr quyt nh trong s chuyn hng cc gii php iu khin t ng sang dng c cu trc phn tn. 37 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

Hnh 2.6:Cu trc tiu Biu ca h iu khin phn tn DCS 4.H thng iu Khin phn tn DCS 4.1 Khi nim v h thng iu Khin phn tn DCS H thng iu khin phn tn c hiu nh l h thng da trn cc phn cng v phn mm iu khin v thu thp d liu trn c s mt ng truyn thng tin tc cao, cc module c phn tn v t chc theo mt cu trc nht nh vi mt chc nng nhim v ring.Cc thit B giao tip trn ng truyn tc cao ny cho php nghp ni d dng vi cc thit B ngoi vi khc nh PLC, cc my tnh iu khin gim st. Ging nh tn gi v h thng iu khin gim st(DistriButed Control System) cc chc nng iu khin c phn B khp h thng thay cho vic x l tp trung trn mt my tnh n l.Nh hiu nng tng th ca h thng c nng cao.Mt h thng DCS tiu Biu c cc trm iu khin hot ng c lp v iu khin tng B phn chuyn dng ca h thng iu khin.Hn na trong h thng c mt vi trm iu hnh gim st cc d liu trong cc trm iu khin,cung cp cc giao din ho v cho php ngi vn hnh thc hin cc thay i mt cch d dng. 38

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC y l mt m t m rng v mt h thng DCS nhng m t ny cng ph hp vi mt h thng gm cc PLC v cc PC vi cc phn mm gim st vn hnh.iu ny dn ta ti mt nh ngha quan trng th hai ca h thng DCS.Mt h thng DCS l mt h thng tch hp y vi mt h c s d liu ton cc.Khng ging nh cc h thng da trn PLC,ta khng th x dng cc B iu khin khc nhau v cc trm iu hnh t nhng nh cung cp khc nhau ri kt hp chng li vi nhau.Mt h thng DCS l mt h thng hon chnh, trong vic truyn thng, trao i d liu gia cc B phn s khng c th hin i vi ngi dng.Ngoi ra, nu mt im (hoc khi chc nng) c to ra trong B th sau , ton B h thng s nhn Bit n.Tc l khng cn phi to mt c s d liu ring trong trm iu hnh ph hp vi d liu trong cc B iu khin v thng tin c t ng to ra trong ton B h thng. H thng iu khin phn tn trc kia thng pht trin trong mi trng x l ho cht, trong khi cc h thng da trn PLC pht trin trong lnh vc in t.Trong khi cc PLC pht trin t logic relay th cc h thng DCS pht trin t cc B iu chnh tng t.Kh nng x l cc d liu tng t v chy cc trnh t phc tp l th mnh c Bn ca h thng DCS , trong khi x l logic loi relay tng t nh mt PLC th tc x l chm hn PLC rt nhiu.Trong khi mt PLC c th x l logic relay trong mili giy, tc qut ca mt trm iu khin ca h DCS thng 200 -:- 500 ms.Tc qut ny nhanh i vi hu ht cc iu khin tng t v trn thc t B x l c th x dng mt lng ng k d liu tng t trong khi qut. Mt c im ni Bt ca h thng DCS l vic x dng tagnames .Trong cc h thng PLC-Based, thng dng cc a ch h thng i vi d liu tham chiu.Mt tagname l tn do ngi thit k h thng nh ngha cho mt i tng,p dng cho tt c cc khi chc nng v cc im I/O trong cc B iu khin.Do , mt im c th c truy cp t Bt c u trong h thng thng qua tagname ca n.

39 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

4.2 M hnh phn lp ca h thng iu Khin DCS: Cu trc c trng ca h thng DCS gm c 4 lp : Lp I/O; iu khin Cc B iu khin(V d nh FCS Trm iu khin trng); iu hnh Cc trm iu hnh(v d nh HIS trm giao din ngi my); Thng tin qun l- c s d liu v cc trm qun l (v d nh Exaquantum v PRM Chng trnh qun l ti nguyn nh my).

Hnh 2.7 M hnh phn lp h DCS. 4.2.1 Lp I/O Cc B vo ra ca h thng c x l lp I/O Bng mt trong Ba cch sau: I/O bng mch in t: Cc I/O dng tng t( nh cc B o p sut, van iu chnh v v..)v dng s(Cc relay v cc B chuyn mch) c th c thc hin Bng cc panel mch in t trc tip t hin trng.Panel giao din I/O c mt lot cc card giao din a vo x l cc dng tn hiu vo /ra. I/O fieldbus: C nhiu dng fieldBus,ProfiBus v Hart.Nhng loi ny cho php cc sensor v cc c cu chp hnh c th c kt ni vi giao din I/O thng qua mt mng s n trao i cc thng s qu trnh v cc thng s trng thi thit B.

40

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC

Giao tip vi PLC Cc PLC c th c ni vi h thng DCS Bng vi dng card giao din truyn thng, thng l trong panel giao din I/O, hoc n gin Bng cch ni trc tip n mng iu khin thng qua module truyng thng vi PLC. 4.2.2 Lp iu Khin y l ni tp trung tt c cc chc nng iu khin.Cc B iu khin trao i thng tin vi lp I/O.c d liu vo, x l cc chc nng iu khin v gi cc tn hiu ra.Cc trm iu khin c hot ng c lp vi nhau nn nu xy ra s c mt trm s khng nh hng n trm khc.ng thi mt trm iu khin c th trao i d liu d dng vi mt trm khc khi x dng phng php truyn thng ngang hng peer to peer trong mng iu khin. 4.2.3 Lp iu hnh Cc trm iu hnh cung cp mt giao din ho vi cc chc nng v cc d liu trong B iu khin v trong qu trnh x l thng qua cc th, cc Bo co.... 4.2.4 Lp thng tin qun l Tt c cc thng tin mc cao, khng cn vi vic iu khin thi gian thc nhng l cn thit i vi vic qun l qu trnh lu di c x l trong lp qun l.Lp ny gm 3 lp nh: Gateway - c d liu t cc trm iu khin; C s d liu- gi v lu li d liu t phn tch trc; Qun l - x l thng tin trong c s d liu. Gateway: Trc kia mi nh cung cp c giao thc truyn thng c quyn cho php my ch truy cp d liu t cc trm iu khin.Hin nay Microsoft cng vi mt s nh cung cp chnh pht trin mt mc tiu chun lin lc gi l OPC. OPC l OLE cho iu khin qu trnh v cho php my ch no cng c th kt ni ti DCS Bt k.OPC c th t trong trm iu hnh hoc trong mt my tnh c lp. Lp c s d liu: D liu ca h thng DCS phi c lu tr v c mt s B c s d liu(DataBase package) c thit k cho mc ch ny.Chng gm Exaquantum(mt sn phm ca Yokogawa) v PI (mt sn phm c lp).Nhng package ny c d liu thng qua cng OPC v lu d liu di dng format c s d liu chun. Exaquantum dng Server SQL ca Microsoft tng thch vi hu ht cc package qun l.Ngoi ra chng cn cung cp cc chc nng khc nh lu tr d liu trn a, nn d liu, Bo co c Bn cc chc nng hin th. Lp qun l: C mt lot cc package khc nhau sn c,cung cp cc thng tin khc nhau cho ngi dng.N gm Bo co chi tit, iu khin khi, v cng thc, qun l ngun my,qun l cnh Bo, ti u ho my v.v.. chng truy cp d liu t c s d liu lu nhng c th ghi trc tip ti cc trm iu khin thng qua OPC. 41 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

4.3 Cc m hnh mng trong h thng iu Khin phn tn Kt hp vi cc lp nh trn l cc mng my tnh lin kt cc lp vi nhau.Mng trao i rng ri vi cc lp nh sau: Mng I/O Bus I/O t xa, FieldBus, truyn thng PLC Mng iu khin ni cc B iu khin v cc trm iu hnh Mng din rng ca nh my- ni cha hu ht cc thng tin qun l 4.3.1 Cc mng I/O C th c vi loi mng I/O iu ph thuc vo loi I/O c giao din vi:

Hnh 2.8 : Mng I/O . Bus Remote I/O Mt trm iu kkhin c cc card giao din I/O c tch hp trong trm iu khin(v d nh h thng Fischer v porter 6).Tuy nhin,nhng trm khc (nh Yokogawa CS1000/3000) c I/O t xa, tc l card giao din I/O tch Bit khi trm iu khin v lin lc vi n qua mt Bus remote I/O tc cao. Mng fieldBus Mt card fieldBus thng t trong mt khe trn panel I/O v mi loi mng fieldBus thng x dng mt loi card fieldBus ring Bit. Mng PLC Nh vi fieldBus, card truyn thng thng t mt khe I/O trn panel I/O, x dng cng giao din ni tip, v mt s c kh nng h tr chun Ethernet v phn mm driver c np vo card cho php lin lc vi mt PLC c Bit.Chng hn nh giao thc truyn thng ca ModBus,ABB hay Siemens c th c np vo card lin lc vi Bt k loi PLC no trong s hoc cc PLC tng thch.Giao thc ModBus l mt chun cng nghip, nhiu loi PLC v cc thit B khc( thit B phn tch, cn in t....) c th lin lc trn giao thc ny. 4.3.2 Mng iu Khin: 42

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC Cc trm iu khin v cc trm iu hnh c lin lc vi nhau thng qua mt ng truyn d liu tc cao gi l mng iu khin.y lun l mng c quyn ca mi hng v thng s dng phng php truy nhp th Bi Token pasing.Mt mng mng iu khin c u tin nhng thng tin nht nh lun c trao i theo mc sau.Cc message cnh Bo, thng tin qu trnh v cc lnh iu hnh, truyn file hay nhp mt chng trnh vo mt trm iu khin. 4.3.3 Mng din rng ca nh my Tt c cc thng tin qun l u c sn trn mng thng tin qun l hoc mng din rng c trao i trn mng Ethernet. Nh cung cp Yokogawa Honeywell ABB Emerson Yokogawa Honeywell AB Fisher and Porter Fisher Bng 2.1 mt s h thng DCS tiu biu H thng CS1000/3000 TDC3000 Advant OCS System 6 Provox

4.3.4 Nhn xt R rng vi nhng c im: Kh nng qun l cc u vo /ra analog rt tt.Nh cu trc phn cng v phn mm, h iu khin c th thc hin ng thi nhiu vng iu chnh, iu khin nhiu tng, hoc cc thut ton iu khin hin i:Nhn dng h thng, iu khin thch nghi, ti u Bn vng, iu khin theo m hnh d Bo (MPC), Fuzzy,Neural, iu khin cht lng(QCS). Kh nng truyn thng : H tr nhiu giao thc truyn thng t cp trng n cp qun l.Hin nay cc giao thc ny c chun ho (ProfiBus,foundation FieldBus) tin cy cao nh kh nng d phng:d phng kp tt c cc thnh phn trong h thng(Controller, modul I/O, Bus truyn thng) kh nng thay i chng trnh (Sa cha v download), thay i cu trc ca h ,thm Bt cc thnh phn m khng lm gin on, khng cn khi ng li qu trnh (thay i online); C s d liu trong h l c s d liu ln c tnh cht ton cc v thng nht Kh nng m rng tch hp cao Tui th ca ng dng ln (15 -20 nm) Trong chng ny, chng ta tm hiu cch khi qut v h iu khin phn tn DCS. Chng ta c th thy rng:DCS l mt gii php k thut rt ph hp cho nhng h thng ln, i hi tin cy cao, linh hot cao trong vic thay i cu trc, chng trnh ca h thng.Sau y chng ta s nghin cu mt h thng c th v kh nng ng dng ca h iu khin phn tn DCS vo h thng ny. 43 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

5.

Cc h DCS thng dng.

5.1 DeltaV ca Emerson.

Hnh 2.9 H thng iu khin DeltaV ca Emerson Cc c tnh ca trm iu khin: T ng t a ch T nhn Bit cu hnh vo/ra C sn giao din Bus h thng (Ethernet) H tr nhiu h Bus trng chun. Hiu nng tnh ton cao iu khin PID, Fuzzy, MPC, Neural, Batch Chu k iu khin < 100ms Thay i chng trnh Online Ghi chp d liu ( th), ng du thi gian (Time Stamping), cnh Bo Bo ng (Alarm). T ng khi ng li v phc hi trng thi sau s c. Cc trm lm vic: Trm vn hnh (Operator Station) 44

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC Trm k thut (Professional Station, Professional Plus Station) Tram ng dng (Application Station) Trm Bo tr (Mantenance Station) H thng Bus: Bus h thng: Dng Dual Industrial Ethernet Bus Trng: Dng Foundation Field Bus. 5.2 PlantScape ca Honeywell.

Hnh 2.10 H iu khin Plantscape ca Honeywell

45 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

c im h thng: Plantscape l mt gii php iu khin qu trnh k thut ca hng Honeywell. N thit lp mt tiu chun mi trong h thng iu khin lai theo cp Bc, kh nng vn hnh mm do v d dng. Phn quan trong nht ca Plantscape l h iu hnh Window2000 da trn kin trc Client-Server. Plantscape c cc c im sau: H iu hnh Windows Server vi cc nhim v nh lu tr d liu, cnh Bo, Bo ng, giao din ngi my. Cng ngh WeB dng cho giao din ngi my to nn tin cy, thun tin, c th vn hnh t xa, giao din ngi my da trn cc file HTML theo chun cng nghip B iu khin lai h tr kh nng iu khin tch hp chnh xc Cc cng c hng i tng thun tin v d dng xy dng. Cc phn t c bn: Cc trm iu khin: B iu khin C200. Trm vn hnh IPC+ Wins2000 hoc Windows Server + giao din WeB. Trm k thut: IPC + Tool Vo ra: Chassis Series A (CIOM-A), Rail Series A (RIOM- A) v Rail Series H (CIOM- H) cho mi trng khc nghit. Bus trng: ControlNet, Foundation FieldBus Bus h thng: Control Net, LAN.

46

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC 5. 3 H iu Khin PCS 7 ca SIEMENS.

Hnh 2.11 H iu khin PCS7 ca Siemens Cc thnh phn c bn: Cc trm iu khin: SIMATIC S7-400 Trm vn hnh IPC + OS Software (WinCC) Trm k thut: IPC+OS Engineering (SIMATIC Manager, CFC, SFC, SCL, NETPRO, HARDWARECONFIG....) Vo ra phn tn: ET200M + S7-300 I/O module Bus trng: ProfiBus-DP Bus h thng: Industrial Ethernet ProfiBus FMS Cc trm BATCH/IT: IPC + Phn mm B xung.

47 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

5. 4 H iu Khin CENTUM 3000 ca YoKogawa.

Hnh 2.12 H thng Centum CS 3000 Cc thnh phn c bn ca h thng: Trm giao din ngi my (HIS): S dng lm giao din vn hnh, gim st v thc hin cc chc nng k thut. Xy dng trn nn my tnh cng nghip cng vi Windows 2000 (Service pack 3 tr ln) hoc Windows XP (Service Pack 1 tr ln). Trm iu khin hin trng (FCS Field Control Station): l thit B thc hin nhim v iu khin qu trnh. Trm k thut (ES Engineering Station): Cha ton B cc cng c cu hnh h thng. H thng Bus: + Bus iu khin: Vnet + Bus h thng: Ethernet.

48

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC

CHNG 3 TM HIU V H THNG T NG HO TO NH WEBCTRL CA ALC


1. Gii thiu v h thng t ng ho to nh Trong thi i ngy nay, vic xy dng cc to nh cao tng lm vn phng, trng hc, Bnh vin, chung ctr nn ph Bin. Chng ngy cng tr nn hin i, tin nghi phc v cc yu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi. Gii php kt hp h thng cc thit B c in s dng trong to nh vi cng ngh t ng ho nhm em li kh nng t hot ng (h thng thng gi, h thng chiu sng,) khng cn l iu mi m na. Tuy nhin vn sng cn ca gii php ny li nm ch lm sao c th qun l chng trong mt h thng thng nht. Cc h thng t ng ho to nh (BMS) ra i gii quyt Bi ton ny. Nhim v chnh ca h thng BMS l iu khin, gim st, qun l cc thit B c/in trong mt ta nh cao tng, gip cho vic vn hnh, Bo dng v qun l ta nh mt cch thun tin, an ton v tit kim. H thng BMS c pht trin da trn nn kin trc ca mt h iu khin phn tn vi cc B iu khin s trc tip DDC (Direct Digital Controler) c kt ni vi h thng mng tng ( Floor Networks); cc B iu khin, nh tuyn cp cao hn lin kt cc DDC vi h thng mng BackBone ca ta nh (TCP/IP). Chun giao tip ca cc h thng ny thng l Bacnet hoc LON. - LON l mt chun giao tip c pht trin t rt sm, n cho php cc thit B, h thng khc nhau trong ta nh cng tun theo chun LON c th kt ni chung vi nhau trn mt h thng mng ngang hng (pear to pear network). u im ca chun giao tip ny l n cho php chia s d liu iu khin cp mng trng gia cc h thng trong mt ta nh, tuy nhin, n yu cu tt c cc B iu khin ca cc h thng khc phi tun theo chun LON. Chng khng nh ngha cc hm thng dng chuyn dng ring cho cc h thng trong ta nh, khng nh ngha cc Bin Trend, History, Schedules, Alarm,.. Khng h tr cho cc cng c tch hp cp cao nh: Remote Control, Network Management , - Bacnet l chun giao tip c pht trin Bi hip hi ASHRAE ca M, n c thit k ring cho mc ch iu khin ta nh v l 1 giao thc m, h tr tch hp h thng cp cao, nh ngha cc Bin chuyn dng: Alarm, Schedules, Trend, History, , h tr cc cng c tch hp : Remote control, network management, IP network... Bacnet ang ngy cng c ng dng rng ri trong tt c cc h thng BMS ca tt c cc hng trn th gii. Vi s ra i ca hip hi cc nh sn sut thit B theo chun Bacnet, cc thit B Bacnet ngy cng c nhiu nh cung cp thit B HVAC la chn nh l 1 chun giao tip thng dng v khng th thiu. 2. Cc h thng c iu Khin trong to nh Thng thng trong mt to nh, h thng BMS s iu khin cc h thng sau:

49 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

2.1. H thng HVAC Tn thit B Chiller Chc nng Chiller l thc cht l mt my lnh cng sut ln, c nhim v cung cp nc lnh cho cc my iu ho AHU, FCU,... Nguyn l iu khin H thng BMS s iu khin cc chiller gip chng vn hnh t ng theo cc thng s nh nhit , m,Bng cc chng trnh iu khin c lp da trn cc yu cu qun l vn hnh to nh. Ti phng iu khin trung tm ngi vn hnh theo di c tnh trng hot ng ca h thng, nhit nc vo ra ca tng chiller, ch hot ng ca cc Bm, ng thi BMS cn qun l p sut trong h thng ng dn ca h thng, iu khin van Bypass iu ho p sut gia ng cp v ng hi khi c s sai khc v chnh lch p sut. Nc c tn nhit t Cooling Tower s c Bm vo ng ng dn ti cc dn ngng t Condensor ca cc RACU thc hin trao i nhit. Ton B nc, sau khi nhn nhit lng ca qu trnh trao i s c a v Cooling tower v c lm mt Bi qut gi. Sau li c a n cc my iu ho to thnh mt chu trnh khp kn. H thng BMS iu khin Cooling Tower s iu khin B Bin tn iu chnh tc qut, khi nhit nc cao th qut tng tc y nhanh qu trnh lm mt, khi nhit nc gim th qut c iu chnh gim tc . Trong h thng lc no cng cn Bo m p sut n nh mc p sut lm vic. Khi cn gim trao i nhit h thng BMS s iu khin m van Bypass nc i qua (ging nh ti h thng ng ca Chiller) da tn hiu Bo chnh lch p sut trong h thng ng ng c cm nhn Bi B cm Bin chnh lch p sut. Khi c yu cu tng lu lng nc cung cp cho cc my iu ho, BMS s da trn thng s ca s chnh lch p sut iu khin van Bypass nu trn ng Bt li, gim lu lng nc i tt qua van. 50

Cooling Tower

Cc thp tn nhit Cooling tower ca to nh c nhim v tn nhit cho cc my iu ho (AHU, FCU,) t ti cc khu vc.

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC My iu Cc nhim v ca ho - AHU AHU: + Lm sch: filter (Air + Lm mt: Trao i Handing nhit vi nc lnh Unit) (chiller water qua coil lnh) + Ht m: Duy tr m khng kh + Qun l nng kh CO2, m Bo sch ca khng kh. Vic iu khin iu ho c thc hin nh sau: - Cc filter gip h thng duy tr cht lng khng kh, lc sch Bi Bn trong khng kh c a n u vo ca iu ho. qun l filter h thng nhn Bit filter Bn/sch, h thng nh vo cng tc Bo chnh lch p sut trc v sau filter, khi ti phng iu khin trung tm ngi vn hnh c th Bit khi no cn thc hin vic v sinh filter hay thay th chng. - iu chnh nhit , lm mt v ht m. + My iu ho vn hnh thc hin vic iu ho khng kh: khi khng kh qua gin trao i nhit ca AHU BMS s iu khin ng m van nc nng v lnh t 0->100%. Khi thc hin vic iu chnh 2 loi van ny cc AHU thc hin vic iu chnh nhit , m ca khng kh. + kim sot nhit v m trong cc khu vc, tt c cc khu vc c lm mt Bi cc my iu ho khng kh AHU, khu cng cng, cc phng my u c lp t cc B cm Bin nhit v m ca khng kh trong phng, iu ny cho php Operator qun l c nhit ton B cc khu vc trong nh. - iu chnh nng kh CO2: i vi vic lm sch khng kh, nu ch da vo filter lc kh th cha , trong mi trng hot ng ca con ngi cng nh ca my mc lun sn sinh ra ngun kh thi CO2. Khi nng kh ny trong cc khu vc tng cao, con ngi s cm thy mt mi v kh chu, nng sut lao ng gim. qun l cht lng khng kh, trong cc my iu ho c lp cc B cm Bin nng kh CO2 ti ng ng gi hi ca cc AHU hoc c lp t ti cc phng o cc my iu ho chu trch nhim x l khng kh, + Khi nng CO2 trong khng kh cao, van trn kh Mixing damper ca AHU s c BMS iu khin ng Bt li, van ly kh ti Fresh air damper s c m nhiu hn B sung thm lng khng kh giu xy cho cc khu vc nu trn. + Khi nng CO2 ca khng kh trong phng mc thp, cc DDC s iu khin cc van

51 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

trn kh Mixxing damper m ln hn, cc van ly kh ti Fresh Air damper ng Bt li, khng kh c lm lnh ti AHU chu trnh trao i nhit trc s c ti s dng tit kim nhit lng (nhit lng trao i ti gin trao i nhit ca AHU gim do nhit kh hi vn m Bo tng ng vi nhit trong phng). Trong tnh hung c tn hiu Bo ng chy gi ti h thng BMS, cc my AHU lp tc c iu khin v ch off ngng vic cp kh ti gim thiu lng khng kh ti cc khu vc gim tc nhn gy chy. Trn mn hnh ho, ngi vn hnh iu khin AHU thng qua nh ho ca tng AHU cn iu khin. Ton B cc gi tr nhit, m, tnh trng hot ng ca cc qut gi AHU c h thng thu nhn, cc tn hiu cnh Bo s c th hin trn mn hnh ho ca h thng khi c s c. Tt c cc thng tin v ch hot ng, tnh trng ca thit B trong qu trnh vn hnh c cp nht ti cc my tnh iu khin, cc thng tin ny c lu gi s dng lu di. My iu ho FCU (Fan Coil Unit) Chc nng ca FCU: Tng t nh AHU nhng khng c chc nng - Lc sch Bi trong ht m v qun l nng CO2. khng kh nh cc B lc kh. - Cho nc lnh i qua dn trao i nhit duy tr nhit phng mt gi tr nht nh. Chc nng ca Cc qut ht kh thi (Extract Fan) l thnh Extract Fan l ht cc phn khng th thiu trong to nh. Cc qut ht loi kh thi, kh c c BMS iu khin tt m (on/off), qun tr hi ra khi to nh. tnh trng hot ng v in v kh (cng tc Bo p sut dng kh). Chng c vn hnh t ng theo yu cu vn hnh ca ngi qun l to nh. Trong tnh hung c s c v chy, cc qut ny c BMS iu khin v trng thi off gim i lu khng kh trong to nh, gim ti a tc nhn gy chy, m Bo tnh hiu qu ca

Qut ht Kh thi -Extract Fan

52

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC vic dp tt cc m chy trong thi gian ngn nht. Qut tng p cu thang Pressurised Fan Cc qut tng p cu thang (Pressurised Fan) to p sut ng cc ca thng vi hnh lang to hnh lang an ton cho ngi thot him khi c s c trong to nh. Cc qut ny c BMS qun l v ch hot ng trong tnh hung c s c v tnh trng in v kh (cng tc Bo p sut dng kh). Trn mn hnh ho ngi vn hnh thc hin c vic iu khin, qun l tnh trng vn hnh ca cc qut tng p cu thang trong iu kin vn hnh Bnh thng cng nh trong cc tnh hung khn cp c thot him Bo chy.

2.2. H thng in Trong cc h thng in phn quan trng nht l cc ngun cung cp ti. C ngun cung cp ti th h thng thit B to nh tn ti v hot ng, ngng cung cp in h thng k thut s ngng hot ng. Cc thit B Bo v ACB-MCCB-MCB l cc thit B khng th tch ri khi h thng, cc thit B ny duy tr s hot ng hon ho ca h thng, Bo v ngun cung cp. H thng BMS s qun l cc thit B ny (nm trong t in phn phi ngun in chnh v cc t in phn phi ngun ph cho cc tng, cc thit B) Bng vic thu nhn cc thng tin v trng thi lm vic cng nh qu ti ca cc thit B ny thng qua cc u ni t cc thit B ti cc t iu khin DDC ca h thng BMS. Ti phng iu khin trung tm, ngi vn hnh thc hin c vic gim st cc thit B Bo v ca cc t in phn phi ngun chnh v cc t in phn phi ngun ph Bng ng dng ho trn my tnh iu khin ca h thng BMS. H thng BMS thc hin vic gim st h thng in nh sau: Gim st nhit ca cc my Bin p cao th, nhit trong phng ni t cc thit B ny, t c mc ch qun l my Bin p cn phi p ng yu cu v cung cp u ra v s thay i nhit Bn thn ca chng. - Gim st tnh trng hot ng ca my pht: DDC qun l cht ch cc yu t sn sng p ng ch hot ng thay th khi mt li in: + Ngun np c quy + Mc nhin liu dailytank + Bm nhin liu + Ch standBy + Ch vn hnh p ng cc thng s k thut yu cu - Khi c tn hiu chuyn i ngun cung cp t li in sang my pht, BMS s gi thng tin ti tt c cc DDC, i vi cc vng thit B hot ng vi cng sut ln s c iu khin tr ph hp vi qu trnh xc lp p ng ti ca cc my pht in d phng. Ti phng iu khin trung tm, ngi vn hnh c th gim st cc thng s nhit phng my, trng thi hot ng ca thit B, tnh trng ng ct khi c s c, 53 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

thng tin v ngun cung cp cho h thng li my pht thng qua cc giao din ho. UPS - ngun cp lin tc cho cc thit B quan trng ca to nh cng cn c qun l. t c mong mun kim sot c v trng thi vn hnh ca UPS, dung lng ca c quy th UPS cn phi thc hin vic kt ni v h thng BMS, khi kt ni h thng ny UPS s a ra c cc tham s nu trn c th theo di trn my tnh iu khin. H thng chiu sng H thng chiu sng trong mt to nh hin i phi p ng c cc yu cu sau:

2.3. -

H thng n c iu khin Bt tt qua cc cng tc mm, qua cc c cu chp hnh ca h thng BMS, c th lp lch Bt tt theo yu cu, t ng Bt/tt khi c chuyn ng hay Bt tt theo nh sng. Ti cc khu vc quan trng, h thng n c th iu chnh c sng. Kt hp vi h thng Security/CCTV iu khin chiu sng, m Bo chiu sng ng lc, ng ni, sng nhng vn m Bo tit kim. H thng cp nc

2.4.

Cc thit B chnh ca h thng cp nc l cc my Bm, cc valse v cc B cha. c th qun l vic cp nc mt cch hiu qu h thng BMS s thc hin: 2.5. Theo di mc nc v mc cha ca cc B cha. Theo di trng thi ca cc my Bm. Bt/tt my Bm. H thng thang my

H thng thang my nu c gim st Bi BMS, ngi vn hnh c th Bit c v tr cc thang ti cc tng v ch hot ng, tnh trng cc thit B truyn ng in khi hot ng. BMS cng qun l nhit , m ti khu vc t thang my. Trong tnh hung s c c thot him, cc thang my s khng hot ng (ngoi tr thang my cha chy), khi cc thang my phi t ng di v v tr gn nht thng ra mt t thot him hoc trnh tnh trng c ngi B kt trong thang my. 2.6. H thng cha chy Gm 2 h thng cha chy nc v cha chy kh: + H thng cha chy dng nc Khi c s c chy: - Cc Bm cha chy (Fire Fighting pump) hot ng - Pressurised Fan hot ng - AHU ngng hot ng - i vi cc Fire Fighting Pump, BMS qun l h thng ny nh sau: Qun l tnh trng hot ng ca cc Bm trong iu kin Bnh thng: - Ngun cp lun sn sng p ng cc Bm hot ng 54

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC p lc tnh ca h thng mc duy tr sn sng cho vic vn hnh (p sut lm vic). - Mc nc ca cc B cha nc cung cp m Bo mc yu cu sn sng p ng cho h thng vn hnh cha chy. Trong iu kin s c: - Kim sot ch vn hnh ca cc Bm in, nu Bm in qu ti ngng hot ng th kim sot ch hot ng ca Bm diesel thay th. - Khi c s c chy tht, cc B cm Bin nhit trong phng (trang B iu khin AHU) s cm nhn s tng nhit t Bin. kim sot s chy Operator s thc hin vic t ngng nhit s c tn hiu cnh Bo, khi nhit t ngng gii hn cc tn hiu cnh Bo v mu sc trn mn hnh ho v ting Bp Bp s nhc nh Operator v cnh Bo. + H thng cha chy dng kh - Khc vi phng php s dng ca h thng cha chy dng nc, h thng cha chy kh khng c Bm tng p m s dng cc Bnh kh nn. qun l tt tnh sn sng p ng tnh hung khn cp phng chng chy n, h thng c lp t cc B cm Bin p sut tnh ti v tr sau van iu p Regulation Vavle ti khu vc t cc Bnh kh nn v sau van phn phi DistriBution valse, cc B cm Bin ny c ni ti u vo ca cc DDC t ti cc tng tng ng. Cc thng tin v h thng ny s c cp nht ti cc my tnh iu khin, ti ngi vn hnh thc hin vic gim st ton B h thng thng qua cc thng s p sut o c t ng ng dn ca h thng. 2.7. H thng an ninh H thng Security gm 2 h thng nh: CCTV v Access Control: - H thng CCTV c tch hp kt ni ti h thng Access Control - H thng Access control l h thng an ninh nn c tnh yu cu ng B cao, cc B iu khin, cc B x l tn hiu c th, u c th cn phi tng thch vi nhau trnh cc sai lch iu khin. - Khi kt ni vi CCTV trn mn hnh ho ca h thng Access Control c th thc hin vic xem hnh nh c cc camera thu nhn ti hin trng. Khi c cc tn hiu cnh Bo khu vc c t nhp, ngi vn hnh xem c hnh nh ti hin trng thng qua camera quan st qun l khu vc nh giao din ho mt Bng hoc a ch ho Camera. - kt ni ti BMS, h thng Access Control ni ti t iu khin k thut s tch hp, vic kt ni ny c thc hin nh B Open procesor c ngn ng giao din tng ng vi ngn ng giao din ca h thng Access Control. Khi kt ni ti h thng ny cc thng tin v h thng Access control s c qun l Bi cc server. Cc thng tin ca h thng Access control c xem trn mn hnh ho ca BMS server. H thng thc hin c vic tc ng ti cc u ra ca h thng Access control, thc hin chc nng iu khin ti tt c cc ca do h thng Access control qun l, hoc iu khin m tt c cc ca phc v vic thot him trong trng hp khn cp nu c lp trnh trn my tnh ca h thng BMS. 55 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

Cng vi cc thng tin ny, BMS Operator thc hin lp Bo co hoc server t kch hot iu khin.

56

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC 3. Li ch ca vic trang b h thng BMS cho to nh - Gim chi ph vn hnh v bo dng: Cc B iu khin s trong h thng BMS s c kt ni vi cc my lnh trung tm, cc Bm, cc qut thng gi, ht khi, cc thit B in, my pht, gip cho ngi qun l vn hnh ta nh c th iu khin ton B cc thit B trn t my tnh gim st. Cng vic iu khin cc thit B in s d dng, chnh xc v hiu qu hn vi s h tr ti a ca h thng phn mm qun l trn my tnh. Vic qun l cc thit B trong ta nh Bng h thng BMS s gip cho cng vic qun l hiu qu hn, t tn cng sc v nhn lc hn, tui th ca thit B c nng cao, cc s c c pht hin sm, cnh Bo kp thi ti ngi vn hnh gip trnh cc ri ro khng ng c, nng cao hiu qu s dng ca thit B trong ta nh. - Tit Kim nng lng: H thng BMS s gip cho ngi vn hnh to ra cc lch lm vic cho tng thit B theo thi gian, theo ngy trong tun, theo ngy trong thng, trong nm gip h thng hot ng ti u hn. V d ngi vn hnh c th lp trnh cho h thng iu ho t ng lm vic nh sau: Bt vo 7h30 sng v t ng tt vo 6h chiu t th 2 n th 6; Bt vo 7h30 sng v tt vo 12h tra ngy th 7; ch nht h thng ngh lm vic. Nh vy ton B h thng iu ha s lm vic chnh xc, trnh hin tng iu ha vn Bt trong thi gian ngh hoc khng c ngi trong phng s lm lng ph nng lng. Ngoi ra, h thng BMS l mt h thng qun l, gim st thit B thng minh, n s to ra cc chng trnh iu khin ti u cho cc thit B c/in trong ta nh, gip cho cc thit B hot ng vi hiu sut cao hn, gp phn tit kim nng lng tiu th ca thit B. Vi tnh trng thiu nng lng ca nc ta, vic trang B h thng BMS l rt thit thc, theo tnh ton ca nh cung cp: vi 1 khch sn 80 phng, c trang B h thng BMS, ch sau 5 nm hot ng th li nhun em li t vic tit kim nng lng tiu th s B li khu hao cho vic u t h thng BMS ( s liu ca hip hi v s dng nng lng hiu qu ca M (EnergyStar)) - To mi trng lm vic tin nghi, hin i nng cao hiu qu lm vic: Vi s h tr ca cng ngh hin i, k thut iu khin, k thut t ng ha, cng ngh thng tin v cc thit B thng minh, h thng BMS s to ra cho ta nh nhng tin ch rt hin i: h thng n t ng Bt khi c ngi vo, h thng iu ha t ng iu chnh theo nhit mi trng gip m Bo sc khe, h thng thng gi gim st v B sung kh ti gip cho nhn vin thoi mi, d chu, gp phn to ra mt mi trng lm vic hin i, nng ng v nng cao hiu qu lm vic ca con ngi. Ngy nay, hiu qu lm vic ca nhn vin l mt yu t rt quan trng i vi cc doanh nghip, do vy vic to ra mi trng lm vic tt cho nhn vin, gip nng cao hiu qu lm vic l 1 nhu cu thit thc v kinh t cho doanh nghip.

57 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007

- m bo an ninh v an ton cho con ngi: H thng BMS c kt ni vi h thng an ninh, Bo ng, Bo chy, kim sot ra vo, to ra mt h thng m Bo an ninh, an ton cao cp: h thng in v iu ha s t ng tt khi c chy, n; h thng thng gi s khoanh vng v c lp cc vng c kh c, c khi trnh lan truyn, h thng thng gi tng p s hot ng trnh hin tng ngt do thit dng kh, h thng cnh Bo chn ng , nguy him s nhc nh v cnh Bo khi c s c xy ra, Tt c cc tnh nng s m Bo cho con ngi sinh hot trong ta nh c Bo v tt nht, m Bo an ton v ti sn v con ngi cho doanh nghip. - Thn thin v gp phn gn gi mi trng: Vic s dng hiu qu cc thit B c in trong ta nh ngoi vic gip doanh nghip tit kim c chi ph nng lng, chi ph vn hnh Bo dng cn gip doanh nghip gp phn m Bo v sinh v gn gi mi trng, mt trong nhng tiu chun cng ngy cng c coi trng trong tt c cc ngnh ngh v cng trnh. Vi nhng li ch nh vy nn h thng BMS ngy cng tr nn ph bin. Hin nay trn th gii c rt nhiu nh cung cp h thng BMS nh: Siemens, Johnson, Invensys, ALC, AA Matrix, Andover Control, Trong th ALC l mt trong nhng i din hng u nn em chn h thng BMS ca ALC lm ti tt nghip. Sau y em xin trnh by chi tit v h thng BMS ca ALC: 4. H thng BMS ca ALC. 4.1. Kin trc h thng H thng BMS ca ALC cng tun th cc nguyn tc chung ca mt h BMS chun tc l cng Bao gm cc B iu khin s trc tip DDC (Direct Digital Controler) c kt ni vi h thng mng tng (Floor Networks); cc B iu khin, nh tuyn cp cao hn lin kt cc DDC vi h thng mng BackBone ca ta nh (TCP/IP), nhng im c Bit nht ca h thng WeBCTRL l h thng c xy dng vi 100% mng Bacnet (native Bacnet) t mng cc thit B trng (Bacnet Arcnet 156kBps hoc Bacnet MS/TP 76,8 kBps,) n mng cc B nh tuyn Bacnet/IP 10/100MBs.

58

T ng ho to nh trn c s ng dng cng ngh t ng ho ca hng ALC S tng quan h thng BMS ca ALC:

Hnh 3.1 S tng quan h thng BMS ca ALC Cc thnh phn c bn WeBCTRL Server: PC + Phn mm WeBCTRL Server + Cng c lp trnh (Eikon, SiteBuilder, ViewBuilder). - Trm vn hnh: PC + WeB Browser. - Cc B iu khin: ME, SE, ZN, WeBZONE. - Cc B nh tuyn: LGR, ME-LGR. - Cc thit B khc: B tch hp kt ni WeBPRTL, B m rng v phn on mng AAR, Cm Bin Room Sensor, Thit B vn hnh cc B, 4.2.1 WebCTRL Server 4.2 -

4.2.1.1 Cu hnh ti thiu ca PC dng lm server:


59 Ngi thc hin- Phan Vn Thng- Cao Hc kho 2005 _ 2007 Chipset PIV 2,66GHz RAM1GB 1,44 MB FDD 160 GB Hard Disk ATA/1000 7200K CD ROM 48x 101 KeyBoard Mouse 17" Color Monitor Windows XP pro licence included

4.2.1.2 Phn mm WebCTRL Server WeBCTRL Server c kh nng truy cp v cp nhp d liu ca h thng do cc Operator thay i trn cc WeBCTRL Client WeBBrowser, gi mt hay nhiu thng Bo ti mt hay tt c cc Operator. Khi khi ng WeBCTRL Server th giao din vn hnh WeBCTRL trn cc Client WeBBrowser mi c kch hot. 4.2.1.3 Cng c lp trnh to ra c s d liu h thng, phn mm iu khin v giao din vn hnh WeBCTRL ta s dng B cng c lp trnh gm: Eikon Ngn ng lp trnh ho, to ra cc chng trnh iu khin, SiteBuilder - To ra c s d liu h thng, ViewBuilder to ra giao din vn hnh h thng: 4.2.1.3.1EiKon L mt cng c lp trnh Bng ha, vi cng c ny cc phn t c m t Bng cc khi chc nng, v lu tr trong th vin, vic cu hnh h thng ch cn chn cc khi chc nng v kt ni li theo s . Hai i tng c Bn ca ngn ng lp trnh EiKon l cc Block v cc lin kt (Interconnection) gia cc Block . Vic cu hnh Bng cch ko th cc khi chc nng: cc Block l cc phn t c Bn ca Eikon, tt c cc Block c t trong Eikon, c t tham s, v ni dy cng Bng ko th. Vi phng php lp trnh ny th tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian. Cng c lp trnh Eikon ca WeBCTRL to ra cc chng trnh tinh vi c th vn hnh to nh mt cch hiu qu. Vi Eikon, c th m phng cc thut ton iu khin trong thi gian thc, Bo m vn hnh chnh xc cc h thng my mc t tin v khng gian s dng trong to nh. Ngoi ra cn c th c c cc chun on v cc s c mt cch d dng. Th vin cc khi hm ca Eikon c to ra dnh cho cc ng dng iu khin to nh Bng DDC. Cc khi hm m t cc thit B thng dng trong cc h thng iu khin thng thng.

3.4.6.1.
60

Hnh 3.2 Ngn ng lp trnh ho Eikon Cc c tnh ca Eikon Cng c lp trnh ho trc quan, khng cn cc chng trnh v cc cu lnh phc tp. Th vin y cc khi hm iu khin thng dng cho php pht trin cc iu khin tun t mt cch linh hot. Cc k hiu ho ph thng lm cho cc thut ton iu khin tr nn d hiu. Cc phng thc m phng linh hot cho php ngi s dng c th quan st cc iu khin thng thng trc khi lp t nn vic pht trin v pht hin li ca h thng rt d dng. Cc khi hm s dng hnh nh ng l cng c mnh cho php m phng hot ng ca h thng. Tch hp hon ton vi phn mm vn hnh WeBCTRL thnh mt chng trnh thng nht. Cc project c sn c th c dng ngay trong qu trnh pht trin.

Mt th vin rt nhiu cc khi hm tiu Biu cung cp gii php thit k cho cc ng dng ca h thng iu ho khng kh HVAC. Chng c th s dng c ngay hoc sa i d dng trong EIKON khi gp cc yu cu c Bit. Hon ton tng thch vi BACnet, mt chun giao thc cng nghip ca ASHRAE. 4.2.1.3.2 Sitebuilder SiteBuilder c s dng to ra c s d liu WeBCTRL server trao i d liu vi cc module iu khin cp trng. Cu trc hnh cy gip SiteBuilder c th cu hnh h thng mt cch d dng (H thng Bao gm cc khu vc, mi khu vc li c cc h thng khc nhau,...). C th nh sau: Cy Geographic hin th cc khu vc trong to nh, cc B iu khin khu vc, cc thit B (AHU, FCU,), v cc im iu khin (im vo/ra c thit k trong Eikon) trong mt h thng. Cy Network hin th kin trc ca h thng Bao gm cc B nh tuyn v cc module iu khin. Cy Source hin th mi quan h c Bn gia cc thnh phn trong h thng.

Hnh 3.3 Cng c cu hnh h thng SiteBuilder 4.2.1.3.3 Viewbuilder ViewBuilder l cng c chuyn dng thit k giao din vn hnh cho WeBCTRL. Trong th vin ca WeBCTRL h tr rt nhiu i tng ho ph hp vi tng ng dng. V d xy dng giao din vn hnh cho mt my iu ho AHU,

ViewBuilder s cung cp cc i tng c Bn nh: cc kiu thnh ng (ductwork), cc kiu qut, cc kiu damper, filter, valse

Hnh 3.4 Cng c thit k giao din ho ViewBuilder Cc i tng ny sau khi thit k s c gn vi cc tham Bin trao i d liu vi cc DDC. Ngoi ra ViewBuilder cn h tr cc i tng ho do ngi s dng to ra di dng cc file *.Bmp, *.jepg, *.gif, S dng cc khi c Bn to ra mt giao din hon chnh ca mt AHU nh sau:

Hnh 3.5 Mt AHU c m phng Bi ViewBuilder Cc tham Bin ca cc i tng ho gip cho ngi lp trnh c th m phng hot ng ca cc thit B, cc h thng trn giao din vn hnh, iu khin v gim st c ton B cc h thng trong to nh. 4.2.1.4 Trm vn hnh Trm vn hnh ca WeBCTRL c th l PC, cellphone hoc Bt k mt thit B no c h tr mt trnh duyt weB. vn hnh h thng khng cn phn mm vn hnh c Bit no s dng chnh trnh duyt weB. Thng qua trnh duyt WeB c th truy nhp vo tt c cc chc nng qun l to nh Bao gm: - t v thay i lch trnh lm vic. WeBCTRL cung cp cc cng c mnh v linh hot nht gip lp lch Biu hot ng ca h thng mt cch d dng.

iu chnh cc im khi to v cc tham s iu khin khc. D Bo khuynh hng hot ng ca cc i tng quan trng trong to nh Bng th. WeBCTRL cho php Biu din mt i tng hoc mt tp cc i tng trn mt th vi d liu thc hay d liu lu tr.

- Hin th, thng Bo cc cnh Bo, cc s kin, trng thi hot ng v cc Bo co khi h thng lm vic Bnh thng, khi gp s c,

Cng c lp Bo co dng Bng tnh

Pht trin hon ton da trn cc chun c cng nhn v cng ngh WeB, phn mm ca WeBCTRL chy c trn tt c cc h iu hnh nh Windows, Sun Solaris v Linux.WeBCTRL h tr tt c cc c s d liu, t Microsoft Access n cc h c s d liu ln nh MS SQL, Oralce hay IBM DB2. Nhng c tnh v li ch ni Bt - Giao din vn hnh trc quan, d s dng vi cc hnh nh ng. - Ch s dng ngn ng lp trnh WeB (HTTP) giao tip vi Internet hoc Intranet m khng cn cc phn mm c Bit. - Kin trc m cho php s dng cc giao thc truyn thng BACnet, LonWorks, MODBUS and SNMP ti cng mt thi im trn cng mt h thng mng. C th chy trn nhiu h iu hnh nh Windows, Sun Solaris v Linux. - Lun sn sng cho vic qun l tt c cc cnh Bo. - Bo v h thng vi nhiu mc password v phng php m ho SSL 128-Bit.

- Theo di v iu khin rt nhiu thit B in v h thng thng gi ca cc nh sn xut khc thng qua mt trnh duyt WeB. Hon ton tng thch vi cc h thng ALC pht trin sau ny. Mt s chc nng iu khin tiu Biu: iu khin nhit

Hnh 3.6 Giao din iu khin nhit trn WeBCTRL iu khin my lnh

Hnh 3.7 Giao din iu khin h thng chiller

Tch hp vi h thng Bo chy

Hnh 3.8 Giao din vn hnh h thng Bo chy Tch hp vi h thng CCTV

Hnh 3.9 Giao din vn hnh h thng CCTV

4.2.1.5

Cc b iu Khin c im LGR l mt router/gateway tc cao, c th kt ni hng trm module iu khin ti mng BackBone BACnet/IP. H tr tt c cc chun giao tip sau: BACnet/IP, BACnet-overEthernet, ARCNET 156 kBps, MS/TP,BACnet PTP. L thit B c kh nng chuyn i gia nhiu giao thc, LGR c th hot ng nh mt gateway ti h thng mng ca cc nh sn xut khc. LGR c y cc chng trnh thc hin cc iu khin phc tp cho cc h thng tch hp mc cao. Thng s k thut Chun 10/100Base-T Fast Ethernet cung cp kh nng truyn thng tc cao; Kt ni cc thit B trng trn mng ARCNET tc cao 156 kBps hoc BACnet MS / TP. C th thc hin vic nh tuyn t BACnet/IP ti BACnet-overEthernet, ng thi cn cung cp kh nng tch hp vi cc h thng BACnet c. L thit B c kh nng chuyn i gia nhiu giao thc, LGR c th hot ng nh mt gateway ti h thng ca cc nh sn xut khc.

Tn B nh tuyn LGR

LGR c cc cng giao tip sau: - Cng EIA-485 trong truyn c thit k vi mt B vi x thng ARCNET 156 kBps. l 32 Bit tc cao c B nh - Cng EIA-232/EIA-485 cho cc m, s dng Fast Ethernet, thit B khc. Ghi ch : EIA - 485 ARCNET, LGR c kh nng c th l 2 hoc 4 dy. MS / TP phc v nhng i hi thng ( 9600 Bps - 76.8 kBps). dch kht khe nht v cc chc - Cng kt ni cc B h thng nng truyn thng cao cp. khi ng v x l s c. - Cng Rnet cho cc cm Bin RS. H tr hng trm chng trnh Mt cng Rnet h tr 4 cm Bin iu khin c vit Bi ngn RS. Cc cm Bin chun v mt ng lp trnh ho EIKON ca cm Bin RS Pro ly trung Bnh ALC. hoc chn cc mc iu khin cao/thp. Cng Rnet cng c th B nh SDRAM 16MByte c pin d phng, vi 12 MByte sn h tr giao din vn hnh cc B sng cho s dng, lu tr cc BACview6 (tham kho trong ph chng trnh ng dng, cc d lc). Bo v d liu khc khi mt ngun. B nh Flash 8 MByte gip nng cp qua mng.

ng h thi gian thc c ngun nui cung cp kh nng hot ng c lp. LGR c th phc hi y nhng s kin, trng thi hot ng ca h thng ti thi im c li ng truyn. Cng Rnet h tr vic kt ni cc B t cc cm Bin RS v giao din vn hnh cc B BACview6 ti h thng mng. Vic kt ni ny cng c th c thc hin trn cng EIA232. Cu trc Bn vng cung cp cc kh nng iu khin cao cp vi tin cy cao. Cc m un iu khin c thit k trong v nhm chu lc, c kh nng cch in v chng nhiu tt. B iu Khin ME B iu khin a chc nng ME l B iu khin thng minh, mnh m, tc x l tnh ton cao, c B nh trong dung lng ln. H thng u vo ra mm do p ng hu ht cc dng u vo ra ca hu ht cc ng dng thng gp trong cng nghip. C kh nng iu khin ng thi nhiu qu trnh cng ngh, nhiu h thng ring r,...Vi pin d phng cho B nh RAM, v h thng nh thi thi gian thc, cc B iu khin ny rt mnh trong cc ng dng iu khin yu cu chnh xc v tin cy cao.Vi kh nng t ng khi ng li sau khi mt ngun hoc c li ng truyn. Kh nng iu khin a chc nng, h tr cho tt c cc h thng HVAC ni chung v cc h thng iu khin phc tp khc trong cng nghip, h tr thut ton iu khin PID thi gian thc vi hiu nng cao. C kh nng hot ng nh mt h iu khin trung tm vi cc chc nng phc tp. Truyn thng vi cc thit B trng qua ng truyn tc cao ARCNET 156kBps hoc BACnet MS/TP 76,8 kpBs. Mi B iu khin ME u c cng vo ra m rng kt ni vi cc B ME khc hoc cc B MX phin Bn c. C th kt ni 6 B iu khin ME Bng cch t chng ln nhau hoc t xa cho

ME c cc cng giao tip sau: - Cng EIA-485 cho truyn thng ARCNET 156 kBps. - Cng EIA-232/EIA-485 cho cc thit B ca hng khc. - Cng kt ni cc B h thng khi ng v x l s c. - Cng Rnet cho cc cm Bin RS. Cng Rnet cng c th h tr mt giao din vn hnh ti ch BACview6. - Cng vo/ra m rng cho cc m un m rng MEx hoc MX.

nhng gii php iu khin m rng. c thit k vi B vi x l 32 Bit tc cao c B nh m, B iu khin Fast Ethernet, thc hin truyn thng tun t 32-Bit, truyn thng ARCNET v truyn thng CAN, ME-LGR c kh nng phc v nhng ng dng iu khin cao cp. B nh SDRAM 16MByte s dng ngun nui Bng pin, vi 12 MByte sn sng cho vic s dng, lu tr cc chng trnh ng dng, cc d Bo v d liu khc khi mt ngun. B nh Flash 8 MByte gip cho vic nng cp qua mng d dng. ng h thi gian thc s dng ngun nui cung cp kh nng hot ng c lp. ME c th phc hi y nhng s kin, trng thi hot ng ca h thng ti thi im c li ng truyn. Cng Rnet h tr vic kt ni cc B t cc cm Bin RS v giao din vn hnh cc B BACview6 ti h thng mng. Ngoi ra, vic kt ni ny cng c th c thc hin trn cng EIA-232. B iu khin ME h tr ti a ngn ng lp trnh ho v c kh nng kt ni ngang hng vi, cc B iu khin SE, ZN hoc cc B ME khc. Chng trnh ha trc quan, cung cp th vin cc hm iu khin tun t. Cu trc Bn vng nn c kh nng thc hin iu khin cao cp vi tin cy cao. Cc module iu khin c thit k trong v nhm chu lc, c kh nng cch in v chng nhiu tt.

B iu Khin SE

B iu khin SE c kh nng iu khin ti u cho cc thit B, h thng, ng dng ring Bit . c thit k hot ng trong cc iu kin mi trng thay i ln, khc nghit, B iu khin SE c th c s dng cho cc ng dng, h thng trn mi ca to nh, trong cc phng my mc thit B, trong hp cha thit Bi cn iu khin hoc trong hu ht cc v tr trong to nh. H tr hon ton cc chng trnh iu khin c lp Bi ngn ng lp trnh ho EIKON ca ALC. B iu khin SE s dng truyn thng Native BACnet trn mng ARCNET 156kBps hoc MS/TP 76,8kpBs, mang li s linh hot v kh nng tch hp cao. SE c cc cng sau: - Cng EIA-485 cho truyn thng ARCNET 156 kBps. - Cng kt ni cc B h thng khi ng v x l s c. - Cng Rnet cho cc cm Bin RS. SE c cc u vo/ra sau: - 10 u vo a chc nng UI (Universal Input), s dng B chuyn i A/D 12Bit, h tr cc tn hiu sau: 0-5Vdc, 0-10Vdc, 020mA, in tr loi 10 kOhm hoc 1kOhm. - 6 u ra nh phn BO (Binary Ouput). - 4 u ra tng t, s dng B chuyn i 8-Bit, c th la chn 0-10Vdc hoc 0-20mA.

Kt ni cc thit B trng trn mng ARCNET tc cao 156 kBps hoc BACnet MS / TP. B chuyn i ADC 12-Bit cung cp chnh xc cao cho cc tn hiu u vo. S dung B vi x l tc cao vi 1 MByte B nh Flash v 1 MByte B nh RAM cho cc chng trnh c Bit. Vic nng cp phn mm h thng c th c thc hin t xa m khng cn thay i chip nh. ng h thi gian thc s dng ngun nui cung cp kh nng hot ng c lp. Cc module iu khin c th phc hi y nhng s kin, trng thi hot ng ca h thng ti thi im c li ng truyn. Cng Rnet h tr vic kt ni cc B t cc cm Bin RS v giao din tnh ton cc B BACview6 ti h thng mng. Ngoi ra, vic kt ni ny cng c th c thc hin trn cng EIA-232. B iu khin SE h tr ti a ngn ng lp trnh ho v c kh nng kt ni ngang hng vi, cc B iu khin ME, ZN hoc cc B SE khc. Cu trc Bn vng cung cp kh nng iu khin cao cp vi tin cy cao. Cc module iu khin c thit k trong v nhm chu lc, c kh nng cch in v chng nhiu tt.

B iu Khin Khu

B iu khin ZN l B iu khin Giao tip vi cc B iu khin mnh v linh hot vi kh nng khc Bng chun Native

vc ZN

hot ng c lp. B iu khin ZN kt ni vi h thng t ng ho to nh (Building Automation System (BAS)) qua mng ARCNET 156kBps hoc MS/TP 76,8kBps. B iu khin ZN h tr cho vic kt ni vi cc cm Bin nhit phng RS qua cng Rnet. B iu khin ZN c nhiu loi, thch hp cho nhiu ng dng nh cho VAV, Bm, thng gi hoc cc h thng khc trong h HVAC.

Card iu Khin WebZONE

BACnet qua mng ARCNET 156kpBs hoc MS/TP 76,8 kpBs. S dng B vi x l tc cao, 16Bit vi 1MByte B nh nhanh v 512KByte RAM cho cc ng dng chung. Kh nng nng cp chng trnh iu khin t xa, khng cn phi thay chip nh. B iu khin ZN253 l mt loi trong dng ZN c cc u vo a chc nng, cc u ra s , cc u ra tng t 0-10Vdc, mt s loi ZN khc ( 141v+,... ) c tch hp sn cc cm Bin lu lng, c cu chp hnh van chn, thch hp cho cc ng dng VAV. B iu khin ZN cho php kh nng lp trnh ho, giao tip ngang hng vi cc B ZN khc hoc cc B ME, SE. Mt th vin m rng cha cc chng trnh iu khin cho hu ht cc ng dng iu khin khu vc c tch hp vi ngn ng lp trnh ho EIKON, ca ALC, rt d dng cho vic vit v chnh sa cho tng ng dng chuyn Bit. Thay th trc tip B x l Bn WeBZone ca Automated Logic mang li kh nng thay th cc B trong Bo mch MICROZONE II ca BarBer-Colman v B x l iu khin MICROZONE II ca BarBer-Colman v Invensys. Hin Bn trong Bo mch IA MNL-800 ti cc B phn i km cc B iu ca Invensys. khin ny nh cc cm Bin v cc S dng ngn ng lp trnh dy dn u c gi li, em li ho EIKON, cng c lp trnh trc quan, cung cp th vin cc hiu qu kinh t tt nht. hm iu khin tun t, tr mt s WeBZONE c thit k nhm chng trnh c Bit vn yu cu gii thot ngi s hu n khi cng ngh c quyn v s Bo tr cc B iu khin MICROZONE II gc. t khi s dng cc h thng c. Vic tch hp cc B phn iu D dng m rng, nng cp h khin tr nn d dng vi h thng thng Bng cch thm vo cc module iu khin. mng native BACnet.

C cc cng giao tip sau: - Cng EIA-485 cho truyn thng ARCNET 156 kBps hoc MS / TP ( 9600 Bps - 76.8 kBps), ph thuc vo ng dy mng c sn. - Cng kt ni cc B h thng khi ng v x l s c. - Cng Rnet cho cc cm Bin RS. WeBZONE c cc cng vo/ra sau: - 8 u vo a chc nng UI. - 8 u ra tng t. - 4 u ra s.

S dng mt B vi x l tc cao vi 1 MByte B nh Flash v 1 MByte B nh RAM cho cc chng trnh c Bit. Vic nng cp phn mm h thng c th c thc hin t xa m khng cn phi thay th chip nh. Cng Rnet h tr vic kt ni cc B t cc cm Bin RS v giao din vn hnh BACview6 ti h thng mng, c kh nng truy cp cc B vo h thng. Hon ton tng thch vi h thng t ng ho to nh WeBCTRL ca Automated Logic. Va c s linh hot ca mt h thng iu khin s dng trnh duyt WeB, va c giao din s dng tt nht vi chi ph thp nht. WeBZONE mang li li ch kinh t tt nht v l la chn tt nht thay th cho cc B iu khin MICROZONE II ca BarBer-Colman v Invensys. WeBZONE thay th cho B x l trong Bo mch ca B iu khin MICROZONE II, v thay th cho cc cng ngh c quyn.

4.2.1.6 Cc thit b Khc Tn c im

Thng s k thut

B tch hp Kt ni WebPTRL

WeBPTRL (WeB Portal) l mt Vi hai cng tun t v mt cng thit B kt ni linh hot, n c Ethernet, WeBPTRL c kh nng th phi hp cc chc nng ca h tr mt phm vi rng cc mt router, mt gateway v mt chun giao thc cng nghip v B iu khin gim st. cc chun c quyn. L mt router, vi 3 cng kt ni Mt th vic ln cc chng c th thc hin chc nng ca trnh ng dng ca WeBPTRL mt B nh tuyn gia cc mng em li kh nng h tr tc thi s dng cc chun Ethernet, EIAcc giao thc l. Vi cc kinh 232 v EIA-485. nghim thu c t vic kt ni L mt gateway, n cung cp kh cc h thng c hng trm thit nng thng dch thng nht gia B khc nhau, ca cc nh sn cc chun giao thc nh l xut khc nhau, WeBPTRL c th BACnet, ModBus, LonWorks, p ng vic tch hp cc ng JBUS, hoc Johnson N2 Bus vi dng ca khch hng trong mi rt nhiu cc giao thc c quyn hon cnh. khc. H tr ti a cc tu chn ca WeBPRTL h tr ti a mng BACnet. WeBPTRL EIKON, mt cng c lp trnh thng c s dng nh l mt ho mnh thng c s B nh tuyn kt ni hai on dng to ra, thm vo cc Bin mng BACnet hoc nh l mt thc hin vic iu khin ton gateway/router chuyn i B h thng. gia cc giao thc khc vo WeBPTRL c cc cng giao tip BACnet v c th di chuyn n sau: trn mng BACnet. Bng tuyn - Mt cng Ethernet. ng ca WeBPTRL c th h - Mt cng tun t c cu hnh tr ti 200 B nh tuyn cho chun EIA-232 hoc EIABACnet. 485. Vi cng c lp trnh ho - Mt cng tun t EIA-485. EIKON, WeBPTRL c th hot ng nh mt B iu khin trung tm, thu thp d liu t nhiu mng, kt hp chng li trong mt h thng v a ra cc ch o trn cc mng. Cc ng dng ca WeBPTRL v ang c s dng trong cc nh my, v vi EIKON ngi s dng c tt c cc cng c cn thit thay i hoc to ra cc chng trnh mi nu mun. Mi WeBPTRL c th h tr ti 100 chng trnh iu khin khc nhau v 2000 i

B m rng L mt phn trong h thng v phn on WeBCTRL ca Automated Logic, mng AAR AAR c thit k m rng hoc phn mnh mng ARCnet tc cao 156 kBps. AAR c th c t trn cc on mng s dng cc B iu khin ME, SE v ZN (s dng truyn thng native BACnet ). AAR c 2 cng kt ni ARC 156 kBps, c thit k vi nha cng Bao quanh nn c th t ln gi d dng.

Cc cm bin Cc dng cm Bin thng minh RS ca Automated Logic Bao gm RS chun, RS Plus v RS Pro, c thit k s dng cng vi cc B iu khin ZN, SE v ME. Cm Bin RS Plus a ra kh nng iu chnh cc im t cc B, ghi ln trng thi hin hnh v n LED cnh Bo tnh trng hin ti. Cm Bin RS Pro c mt mn hnh LCD ln, ngi s dng c th d dng iu khin. Tt c cc cm Bin u c chnh xc cao, d kt ni, kch thc nh gn, Bt mt. Mt kt ni n gip truy cp vo h thng iu khin HVAC a h thng vo hot ng v duy tr n.

tng BACnet c thm vo ti cc im vo/ra trn mng. Hai cng kt ni ARC tc cao 156 kBps rt tin li khi cn m rng hoc phn mnh mng iu khin ARCnet. C th m rng s lng B iu khin, thit B c nh tuyn thng qua LGR, ME-LGR hoc B nh tuyn ME Ethernet (B iu khin m rng). Cho php phn on mng iu khin Bo tr hoc cu hnh li phn d tha. nh a ch theo vng, khng ph thuc vo vic ci t a ch mng. Chung cho cc cm Bin: in tr 10 Kohm, chnh xc 0.2C v lch t hn 0.01C trn 10 nm s dng. Cng kt ni n cho php mt my tnh xch tay kt ni ti h thng iu khin HVAC. Nhiu cm Bin phng RS c th c mc ni tip ti mt B iu khin, gi tr nhit lc ny c th c tnh trung Bnh hoc chn mc cao/thp. (Mt cm Bin RS Plus hoc RS Pro vi nhiu nht 4 cm Bin RS chun). RS Plus: C th iu chnh cc im t d dng Bng thanh trt. Ghi ln trng thi hin hnh trong thi gian ngn d dng Bng mt nt Bm trn RS Plus vi mt n LED hin th trng thi. Khi nt ghi khng c nhn na th mi th tr li trng thi thit lp Ban u vi chu k c nh trc. RS Pro:

Thit b vn hnh cc b BACView6

Vi mn hnh LCD kh ln d quan st, RS Pro hin th nhit ca khu vc xung quanh, nhit khng kh Bn ngoi, tng, gim gi tr t v thi gian ghi cc B(sau mi gi s dng). Ghi ln trng thi hin hnh trong thi gian ngn d dng Bng nt nhn Manual On trn RS Pro. Mt nt nhn ring a v trng thi ang dng vi chu k nh trc. n nhiu ln tng thi gian ghi , mn hnh LCD hin th chnh xc s ln s dng. Thi gian ghi cho mi ln nhn v gii hn ca c qui nh trong EIKON. Cc im t c th d dng thay i trn RS Pro Bi vic nhn cc nt Warmer v Cooler. n nhiu ln iu chnh n gi tr mong mun, mn hnh LCD s hin th gi tr im t mi l Bao nhiu. S ln nhn thay i gi tr im t v gii hn iu chnh c qui nh trong EIKON. BACview6 l thit B vn hnh c L thit B truy cp cc B d s kh nng truy cp cc B vo cc dng, tng thch vi cc B iu B iu khin v cc thuc tnh khin ME v SE. vn hnh. N kt ni ti cc B C th t xa v c th dng iu khin mt cch d dng qua chung cng Rnet vi cc cm Bin cng Rnet, cho php hin th v RS. sa cha cc d liu cc B ti B Mn hnh hin th LCD c th iu khin m khng cn ti cc quan st cc s kin trong iu phn mm c Bit. BACview6 kin thiu nh sng. c th t cch xa B iu khin S dng chun HTML lm n vi khong cch ti a ln ti gin ho cc tu Bin hin th v 150m. cc menu. BACview6 cho php iu chnh Bo v Bng mt khu em li s cc c tnh ca to nh theo cc an ton. k hoch khc nhau nh s dng Thit k linh hot cho php t chun HTML. D liu c hin trn cc panel hoc gn trn th trn mn hnh LCD. Cc truy tng.

cp c Bo v Bng mt khu. BACview6 kt ni ti cng Rnet ca cc B iu khin ME hoc SE, c th dng chung cng Rnet vi ti a 5 cm Bin RS. N Bao gm mt vng phm s, cc phm iu khin hng v Bn phm chc nng. Mn hnh LCD c th hin th trn 4 dng, mi dng 40 k t cho php quan st cc s kin trong hon cnh thiu nh sng. Ngoi ra n cn c cha cc thit B cnh Bo Bng nh sng hoc m thanh. 4.3 So snh h BMS ca WebCTRL vi h BMS ca Siemens. Trn c s tm hiu v h thng BMS ca ALC, em a ra mt vi s so snh vi h BMS ca Siemens:

Hnh 3.10 Cc kiu kin trc mng

Trm vn hnh Automated Logic Windows/Linux/Solaris MSDE/MS SQL/MySQL Oracle/PossEgress Tch hp sn Siemens Windows

H tr H iu hnh C s d liu H tr WeB Truy xut vo cc B iu khin H tr giao din cho PDA Ngn ng lp trnh

Phi mua thm

Truy xut trc tip, t Bt c im Phi c phn mm chuyn no trn mng iu khin, ch yu dng ring, khng c kh cu c trnh duyt WeB trn my nng truy xut t Bt c im no trn mng c khng Ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng, khi ho hm chc nng Lp trnh theo dng lnh

Bus h thng Automated Logic 100 MB Ethernet BACnet/IP Khng gii hn Siemens 10/100 Ethernet Ln nht 115kBps w RS485 RS485 Ethernet P2 Proprietary (mc nh) Ethernet IP( h tr) BACnet/IP( h tr) 100

Tc truyn d liu Kiu truyn d liu Chun giao tip S lng B iu khin cho php

Bus trng Automated Logic 156 kBps ARCnet of MS/TP Ngang hng BACnet 9604 Siemens 4.8 to 38.4 kBps RS485 Hi vng Chun ring ca hng 96

Tc truyn Kiu truyn Kiu giao tip Chun giao tip S lng thit B cho php

B iu khin to nh Automated Logic Ln nht 192 I/O Tch hp sn Tch hp sn Tch hp sn Tch hp sn 100 MBps Siemens Tch hp sn 32 Tch hp sn Tch hp sn Tch hp sn Tch hp sn -

u vo/ra Chng trnh th thi gian Cnh Bo, s kin Hm lch trnh h thng Tc giao tip

B iu khin th cp Automated Logic 20 I/O Tch hp sn Tch hp sn Tch hp sn Tch hp sn 156 kBps B iu khin khu vc Automated Logic 4min 11 max Cho php Tch hp sn Tch hp sn Tch hp sn Tch hp sn 156 kBps Siemens 11min 16max Khng cho php Tch hp vi cng c nh dng cc tham s No T cp cao hn T cp cao hn 4.8 38.4 kBps Siemens 12 Min/24 Max Tch hp sn No Remote Tch hp sn 4.8 38.4 kBps

u vo/ra Chng trnh th thi gian Cnh Bo, s kin Hm lch trnh h thng Tc giao tip

u vo/ra Cho php lp trnh th thi gian Cnh Bo, s kin Hm lch trnh h thng Tc giao tip u vo/ra

C th tm tt ton B cc so snh trn nh sau:

4.4 Cc c tnh ni bt v hn ch ca WebCTRL 4.4.1Cc c tnh ni bt S dng mng Bacnet, cu trc m, c kh nng tch hp vi cc h thng khc trong to nh, d dng giao tip vi cc thit B ca nhiu hng khc nhau trn th gii. Mng iu khin ch c hai cp, do vy vic truyn d liu, x l thng tin nhanh chng v n gin hn, tin cy cao hn, trnh c cc nt c chai lm nh hng n vic x l thng tin ca h thng. H thng s dng mng xng sng Bacnet/IP, c tc truyn d liu cao, cu hnh mng n gin, d dng tch hp vi cc h thng khc trn cng mt ng truyn. H thng c kh nng lp trnh xuyn sut, cho php lp trnh, kim tra, thay i cc thng s hot ng cho Bt k thit B no ca h thng t Bt k im no trn mng, kh nng ny cho php ngi lp trnh h thng d dng kim tra li, pht hin v khc phc nhanh chng cc s c. Ngn ng lp trnh ca h thng l dng ngn ng hng i tng, ho khi chc nng, do vy, vic lp trnh n gin, khng yu cu kin thc chuyn su v lp trnh, d dng thay i, kim tra v hiu chnh ti u chng trnh. H thng c giao din WeB, thn thin vi ngi vn hnh, khng cn phn mm chuyn dng cho cc trm lm vic, mm do trong thay i chng trnh cng nh giao din, ch cn cp nht cho my ch, ton B cc giao din cho cc trm lm vic s c cp nht theo. H thng cp iu khin ng nht, d dng cho vic lp t, Bo dng, Bo tr v kim tra. 4.4.2 Cc hn ch ca ALC Thc hin iu khin gim st trn nn weB nn hiu sut trao i thng tin km hn so vi cc ng dng thng thng. Tnh nng thi gian thc B hn ch. Xy dng cc chc nng Bo mt i hi nhiu cng sc.

CHNG 4 THIT K H THNG T NG HO TO NH CHO KHCH SN NEWWAY TRN NN WEBCTRL CA ALC


1.Trnh t thit K

2.Kho st hin trng Khch sn NewWay l mt khch sn 4 sao. Theo tng thit k Ban u khch sn s c trang B h thng t ng ho BMS, l h thng iu khin s c nhim v iu khin v gim st cho h thng HVAC, h thng in, h thng an ninh,H thng c xy dng trn nn thit B ca hng SIEBE ENVIRONMENT CONTROLS . Tuy nhin trong qu trnh thi cng, do gp s c nn khch sn tuy xy dng hon thin nhng h thng BMS li cha c lp t hon thin, nn khng th vn hnh t ng m ch c th vn hnh Bng tay. Hin nay hng SIEBE ENVIRONMENT CONTROLS khng cn cung cp h thng BMS mi m ch h tr k thut cho cc cng trnh

c lp t hon thin. V vy yu cu t ra l ci to v nng cp h thng BMS trn nn WeBCTRL ca ALC. Hin trng ca h thng BMS c ca khch sn nh sau: - Cc t iu khin v dy iu khin c lp t theo cu hnh ca h thng SIEBE. - Cc B iu khin cha c lp t v lp trnh. - Cha c h thng my ch, my tnh, phn mm iu khin ti phng iu khin trung tm. - Ti liu thit k, hon cng lp t ca h thng iu khin c cng khng c. Chi tit nh sau: - B iu khin trung tm l loi : GCM-86120 ca BarBer-Colman. - Cc B iu khin khu vc l card MZ2A 102 MICROZON II. - Cc t iu khin: STT 1 T iu khin T B1-1 Thit B Chc nng Ghi ch Xem v tr v mi lin h gia cc thit B: Chiller, AHU, FCU,

Gm 2 Card iu C nhim v iu khin v gim st khin MZII c a cho cc Bm ca Chiller s 1 v s 2 ch 1 v 2. t ti tng hm B2, gim st cc trng thi ca thp tn nhit , nhit nc u vo, u ra ca Chiller, khi ng v dng Chiller, thp tn nhit, T LG-1 Gm 1 Card iu Gim st cc u Bo khi ti phng khin MZII c a my pht, phng t trung p, my Bin ch l 3. p, T B1-2 Gm 2 card iu Gim st v iu khin cc Bm nc khin MZII c a nng v van Bypass ca Chillers, ca ch l 4 v 5. PAHU R-1, gim st m khng kh, iu khin ng ct AHU R-1. T B2- Gm 2 card iu Gim st cc flowswitch t 1 n 8. 1A khin MZII c a Card s 7 c s dng gim st ch l 6 v 7. nhit nc u vo, u ra ca cc Boilers s 1, 2, 3. T UG-1 Gm 1 card iu iu khin v gim st cho FCU-UG1. khin MZII c a ch l 9. T UG-2 Gm 1 card iu iu khin v gim st cho AHU UGkhin MZII c a 2 v cc van ca AHU UG-1 v AHU ch l 10. UG-2. T LF-1 Gm 1 card iu iu khin cho AHU 1-1 v AHU 1-2. khin MZII c a ch l 11.

trong Bn v hin trng h thng HVAC km theo.

T 1-1 T 1-2 T 1-3 T 2-1 T 3-1 T 4-1 T 5-1 T 6-1

10

11

12

13

14

15 16 T 7-1 T 8-1 T 9-1 T R-2 T R-1

17

18

19

20

Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 12. Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 13. Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 8. Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 14. Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 15. Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 16. Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 17. Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 18. Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 19. Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 20. Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 21. Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 8. Gm 1 card iu khin MZII c a ch l 8.

iu khin cho FCU UF-1. iu khin v gim st cho FCU UF-1 v UF-2. iu khin v gim st cho FCU UF-3. iu khin v gim st cho FCU 2-1. iu khin v gim st cho FCU 3-1. iu khin v gim st cho FCU 4-1. iu khin v gim st cho FCU 5-1. iu khin v gim st cho FCU 6-1. iu khin v gim st cho FCU 7-1. iu khin v gim st cho FCU 8-1. iu khin v gim st cho FCU 9-1. iu khin v gim st h thng nc cp, cc h thng Bnh cha, Bm cp, lc,... Gim st cc mc nc trong cc thp tn nhit s 1 v 2, v nhit ca nc u v, u ra thp tn nhit, iu khin van cho PAHU R-1.

Danh mc cc im iu khin tng t: T B1-1: (a ch 01) - T ny c thit k iu khin cho 02 Chiller t ti B2.
Hardware Points Point Name CHW1 Return flow rate Chill water pump1 trip Chiller 1 Status Chiller 1 Trip Condenser pump1 trip Condenser pump2 status Condenser pump2 trip Chill water pump2 status Condenser pump1 status Chill water pump1 status Chill water pump2 trip Chill2 status Chill2 trip Differential pressure sensor Chill water Bypass valve Condenser pump1 start/stop Chilled water pump1 start/stop Chiller1 start/stop Condenser pump2 start/stop Chiller water pump2 start/stop Chiller2 start/stop Chiller2 supply Temp CHW2 return flow rate Cooling tower2 status Cooling tower2 trip Common cooling tower supply temp Common cooling tower return temp Chiller1 supply temp AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sched Trend Alarm Show On Graphic

Hardware Points Point Name Cooling tower 1 status Cooling tower 1 trip Cooling tower 1 fan speed Cooling tower 2 fan speed Totals 7 3 16 6 0 AI AO BI BO AV

Software Points BV Sched Trend Alarm Show On Graphic 0 2 6 18 32

Total Hardware (23UI, 3AO, 6BO )

Total Software ( 58 )

- T iu khin LG-1 ( a ch 03)


Hardware Points Point Name Smoke alarm Genset room Smoke alarm SW.Board room Smoke alarm XFormer room Smoke alarm high volt. room Exhaust Fan start/stop Totals 0 0 4 AI AO BI 1 0 0 0 1 4 5 BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Total Hardware ( 4UI, 1BO )

Total Software ( 10 )

- T iu khin B1-2 ( a ch 04)


Hardware Points Point Name Hot water pump1 status Hot water pump1 trip Hot water pump2 status Hot water pump2 trip Chiller water Bypass valve Hot water pump1 start/stop Hot water pump2 start/stop AI AO BI BO AV BV Software Points Sche Trend d Alar m Show On Graphic

Hardware Points Point Name PAHU R-1 status PAHU R-1 trip Outside Air Humidity PAHU R-1 start/stop PAHU R-1 Stage 1 heat PAHU R-1 Stage 2 heat PAHU R-1 Stage 3 heat Totals 1 1 6 6 0 AI AO BI BO AV

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 0 1 5 8 14

Total Hardware ( 7UI, 6BO, 1AO )

Total Software ( 28 )

- T iu khin B2-1A ( a ch 06)


Hardware Points Point Name Flow switch 1 status Flow switch 2 status Flow switch 3 status Flow switch 4 status Flow switch 5 status Flow switch 6 status Flow switch 7 status Flow switch 8 status Boiler 1 temp Boiler 2 temp Boiler 3 temp AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Hot water common return temp

Hot water common supply temp Common Chill water supply temp Common Chill water return temp

Hardware Points Point Name Totals AI 7 AO 0 BI 8 BO AV 0 0

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 0 0 7 15 15

Total Hardware ( 15UI, 0BO, 0AO )

Total Software ( 37 )

- T iu khin UG-1 ( a ch 09)


Hardware Points Point Name FCU UG-1 status FCU UG-1 trip FCU UG-1 return air temp FCU UG-1 start/stop FCU UG-1 stage1 heat FCU UG-1 stage2 heat FCU UG-1 stage3 heat FCU UG-1 Chill water valve close 220 VAC active FCU UG-1 Chill water valve open Totals 1 0 2 6 0 0 1 1 AI AO BI BO AV BV Software Points Sche Trend d Alar m 9 Show On Graphic 9

Total Hardware ( 3UI, 6BO, 0AO )

Total Software ( 20)

- T iu khin UG-2 ( a ch 10)


Hardware Points Point Name AHU UG-1 status AHU UG-1 trip AHU UG-1 return air temp AHU UG-2 status AHU UG-2 trip AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Hardware Points Point Name AHU UG-2 return air temp AHU UG-1 static pressure AHU UG-2 static pressure AHU UG-1 Chill water valve AHU UG-2 Chill water valve AHU UG-1 start/stop AHU UG-1 stage1 heat AHU UG-1 stage2 heat AHU UG-1 stage3 heat AHU UG-1 start/stop AHU UG-2 stage1 heat AHU UG-2 stage2 heat AHU UG-2 stage3 heat Totals 4 2 4 AI 8 0 AO BI BO AV

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 0 2 6 18 18

Total Hardware ( 8UI, 8BO, 2AO )

Total Software ( 44)

- T iu khin LF-1 ( a ch 11)


Hardware Points Point Name AHU 1-1 status AHU 1-1 trip AHU 1-1 return air temp AHU 1-2 status AHU 1-2 trip AHU 1-2 return air temp AHU 1-1 static pressure AHU 1-2 static pressure AHU 1-1 Chill water valve AHU 1-2 Chill water valve AHU 1-1 start/stop AHU 1-1 stage1 heat AHU 1-1 stage2 heat AHU 1-1 stage3 heat AHU 1-2 start/stop AHU 1-2 stage1 heat AHU 1-2 stage2 heat AHU 1-2 stage3 heat Totals 4 2 4 8 0 0 2 6 AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 18 18

Total Hardware ( 8UI, 8BO,2AO )

Total Software ( 44)

- T iu khin 1-1 ( a ch 12)


Hardware Points Point Name FCU UF-1 status AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Hardware Points Point Name FCU UF-1 trip FCU UF-1 return air temp FCU UF-1 start/stop FCU UF-1 stage1 heat FCU UF-1 stage2 heat FCU UF-1 stage3 heat FCU UF-1 Chill water valve close 220VAC Active FCU UF-1 Chill water valve open Totals 4 2 4 8 0 AI AO BI BO AV

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 0 2 6 18 18

Total Hardware ( 8UI, 8BO,2AO )

Total Software ( 44)

- T iu khin 1-2 ( a ch 13)


Hardware Points Point Name FCU UF-2 status FCU UF-2 trip FCU UF-2 return air temp AHU UF-1 status AHU UF-1 trip AHU UF-1 return air temp AHU UF-1 static pressure AHU UF-1 Chill water valve FCU UF-2 start/stop FCU UF-2 stage1 heat FCU UF-2 stage2 heat FCU UF-2 stage3 heat AHU UF-1 start/stop AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Hardware Points Point Name AHU UF-1 stage1 heat AHU UF-1 stage2 heat AHU UF-1 stage3 heat Totals 3 1 4 AI AO BI BO AV 8 0

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 0 2 4 16 16

Total Hardware ( 7UI, 8BO,1AO )

Total Software ( 38)

- T iu khin 1-3 ( a ch 08)


Hardware Points Point Name FCU UF-3 status FCU UF-3 trip FCU UF-3 return air temp FCU UF-3 start/stop FCU UF-3 stage1 heat FCU UF-3 stage2 heat FCU UF-3stage3 heat FCU UF-3 Chill water valve close 220 VAC Active FCU UF-3 Chill water valve open FCU UF-2 Chill water valve close 220 VAC Active FCU UF-3 Chill water valve open Totals 1 0 2 8 0 0 1 4 AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 11 11

Total Hardware ( 3UI, 6BO,0AO )

Total Software ( 27)

- T iu khin 2-1 ( a ch 14)

Hardware Points Point Name FCU 2-1 status FCU 2-1 trip FCU 2-1 return air temp FCU 2-1 start/stop FCU 2-1 stage1 heat FCU 2-1 stage2 heat FCU 2-1 stage3 heat FCU 2-1Chill water valve close 220 VAC Active FCU 2-1 Chill water valve open Totals 1 0 2 6 0 AI AO BI BO AV

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 0 1 1 9 9

Total Hardware ( 3UI,6BO,0AO )

Total Software ( 20)

- T iu khin 3-1 ( a ch 15)


Hardware Points Point Name FCU 3-1 status FCU 3-1 trip FCU 3-1 return air temp FCU 3-1 start/stop FCU 3-1 stage1 heat FCU 3-1 stage2 heat FCU 3-1 stage3 heat FCU 3-1Chill water valve close 220 VAC Active FCU 3-1 Chill water valve open Totals 1 0 2 6 0 0 1 1 AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 9 9

Total Hardware ( 3UI, 6BO,0AO )

Total Software ( 20)

- T iu khin 4-1 ( a ch 16)


Hardware Points Point Name FCU 4-1 status FCU 4-1 trip FCU 4-1 return air temp FCU 4-1 start/stop FCU 4-1 stage1 heat FCU 4-1 stage2 heat FCU 4-1 stage3 heat FCU 4-1Chill water valve close 220 VAC Active FCU 4-1 Chill water valve open Totals 1 0 2 6 0 0 1 1 AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 9 9

Total Hardware ( 3UI, 6BO,0AO )

Total Software ( 20)

- T iu khin 5-1 ( a ch 17)


Hardware Points Point Name FCU 5-1 status FCU 5-1 trip FCU 5-1 return air temp FCU 5-1 start/stop FCU 5-1 stage1 heat FCU 5-1 stage2 heat FCU 5-1 stage3 heat FCU 5-1Chill water valve close 220 VAC Active FCU 5-1 Chill water valve open Totals 1 0 2 6 0 0 1 1 AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 9 9

Hardware Points Point Name AI AO BI BO AV BV

Software Points Sche d Trend Alar m Show On Graphic

Total Hardware ( 3UI, 6BO,0AO )

Total Software ( 20)

- T iu khin 6-1 ( a ch 18)


Hardware Points Point Name FCU 6-1 status FCU 6-1 trip FCU 6-1 return air temp FCU 6-1 start/stop FCU 6-1 stage1 heat FCU 6-1 stage2 heat FCU 6-1 stage3 heat FCU 6-1Chill water valve close 220 VAC Active FCU 6-1 Chill water valve open Totals 1 0 2 6 0 0 1 1 AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sched Trend Alarm Show On Graphic 9 9

Total Hardware ( 3UI, 6BO,0AO )

Total Software ( 20)

- T iu khin 7-1 ( a ch 19)


Hardware Points Point Name FCU 7-1 status FCU 7-1 trip FCU 7-1 return air temp FCU 7-1 start/stop FCU 7-1 stage1 heat FCU 7-1 stage2 heat FCU 7-1 stage3 heat AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Hardware Points Point Name AI AO BI BO AV 1 0 2 6 0

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 0 1 1 9 9

FCU 7-1Chill water valve close 220 VAC Active FCU 7-1 Chill water valve open Totals

Total Hardware ( 3UI, 6BO,0AO )

Total Software ( 20)

- T iu khin 8-1 ( a ch 20)


Hardware Points Point Name FCU 8-1 status FCU 8-1 trip FCU 8-1 return air temp FCU 8-1 start/stop FCU 8-1 stage1 heat FCU 8-1 stage2 heat FCU 8-1 stage3 heat FCU 8-1Chill water valve close 220 VAC Active FCU 8-1 Chill water valve open Totals 1 0 2 6 0 0 1 1 AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 9 9

Total Hardware ( 3UI,6BO,0AO )

Total Software ( 20)

- T iu khin 9-1 ( a ch 21)


Hardware Points Point Name FCU 9-1 status FCU 9-1 trip AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Hardware Points Point Name FCU 9-1 return air temp FCU 9-1 start/stop FCU 9-1 stage1 heat FCU 9-1 stage2 heat FCU 9-1 stage3 heat FCU 9-1Chill water valve close 220 VAC Active FCU 9-1 Chill water valve open Totals 1 0 2 AI 6 0 AO BI BO AV

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 0 1 1 9 9

Total Hardware ( 3UI, 6BO,0AO )

Total Software ( 20)

- T iu khin R-2 ( a ch 23)


Hardware Points Point Name Make up Pump pressure Expansion Tank low level Expansion Tank high level Make up Pump 1 status Make up Pump 1 trip Make up Pump 2 status Make up Pump 2 trip Make up Pump 3 status Make up Pump 3 trip Make up Tank 1 low level Make up Tank 1 high level Make up Tank 2 low level Make up Tank 2 high level Totals 8 0 5 0 0 0 0 AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sched Trend 13 Alarm Show On Graphic 13 13

Total Hardware ( 13UI, 0BO,0AO )

Total Software ( 39)

- T iu khin R-1 ( a ch 24)


Hardware Points Point Name PAHU R-1 Supply Air Temp Cooling tower 1 Basin high level Cooling tower 1 Basin low level AI 1 0 0 0 0 1 AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 4 4 4

PAHU R-1 Chill water valve control Totals 3

Total Hardware ( 3UI, 0BO,1AO )

Total Software ( 13)

3. Lp phng n thit K Trn c s kho st hin trng h thng ti khch sn v nhng yu cu ca khch sn, em a ra phng n ci to nng cp cho h thng nh sau: - Gi nguyn thit k c sn cho h thng iu ho, tng cng gim st v iu khin tc ca 02 qut lm mt cho Cooling tower Bng cc Bin tn ( iu khin tc trn) nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca h thng - B sung thm phn iu khin cho qut ht khi Bp trn mi vi 03 cp tc tu thuc vo lng khi trong ng ht. - B sung thm phn iu khin chiu sng cho tt c cc hnh lang ca cc tng, cho snh. - X l h thng iu ho cho phng hp Bng cch iu khin tc ca ca gi cho AHU phc v cho phng ny v iu khin tc ca valve cp cho AHU ny - B sung thm phn iu khin cho qut thi gi khu Bp n tng 1 (LF) cc qut ny c iu khin theo cch: s hot ng khi nhit hoc nng khi ca khu Bp tng cao. - B sung cc u gim st trng thi cc aptomat tng cho cc tng, v gim st t MV t ti tng hm, gim st cho my Bin p t ti tng hm. - B sung kh nng gim st cho h thng cung cp gas ti tng hm, kt ni h thng Bo gas ny vi h thng BMS ca to nh - Kt ni h thng Bo chy ca to nh vi h thng BMS - iu khin van nc lnh trc ng t tng 2 n tng 10 - iu khin tc trn cho cc Bm ca Chiller Bng Bin tn. Trn c s phng n thit k nh trn em tin hnh ci to h thng nh sau: 3.1Vi t iu Khin B1-1 - B sung u ra iu khin tc Bm ca Chiller v Condenser l u ra AO thay v BO. u AO ny s l lng t cho Bin tn iu khin cc Bm ny.

- Thay 02 u ra iu khin cho 02 qut ca Cooling tower 1 v 2 Bng u ra AO, u ra ny l lng t cho Bin tn iu khin cho 02 qut lm mt ca Cooling tower . - B sung u ra BO iu khin cc Bm cp nc, cc u vo DI Bo trng thi Bm v cc u vo t cc cm Bin mc ca 2 B cha nc t ti tng hm. Chi tit Bng im iu khin sau khi B sung nh sau:
Hardware Points Point Name CHW1 Return flow rate Chill water pump1 trip Chiller 1 Status Chiller 1 Trip Condenser pump1 trip Condenser pump2 status Condenser pump2 trip Chill water pump2 status Condenser pump1 status Chill water pump1 status Chill water pump2 trip Chill2 status Chill2 trip Differential pressure sensor Chill water Bypass valve Condenser pump1 start/stop Chilled water pump1 start/stop Chiller1 start/stop Condenser pump2 start/stop Chiller water pump2 start/stop Chiller2 start/stop Chiller2 supply Temp CHW2 return flow rate Cooling tower2 status Cooling tower2 trip Common cooling tower supply AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Hardware Points Point Name temp Common cooling tower return temp Chiller1 supply temp Cooling tower 1 status Cooling tower 1 trip Cooling tower 1 fan speed Cooling tower 2 fan speed High level switch Tank1 Low level switch Tank1 High level switch Tank2 Low level switch Tank2 Water pump1 status Water pump1 trip Water pump1 start/stop Water pump2 status Water pump2 trip Water pump2 start/stop Water pump3 status Water pump3 trip Water pump3 start/stop Water pump4 status Water pump4 trip Water pump4 start/stop AI AO BI BO AV

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Totals

28

6 0

30

48

Total Hardware ( 35UI, 7AO, 6BO )

Total Software ( 89 )

Phng n nng cp vi t iu khin ny l thay B t v a B iu khin mi vo, do s im iu khin tng ln nhiu do vy khng th tn dng t v card iu khin c c na. B iu khin thay th l ME ca ALC, chi tit trong BOQ. Cc card iu khin ny c th dng cho cc t iu khin khc.

3.2 T iu Khin LG-1: - Trong trm t my pht, t trung th, h th ti tng hm c sn t iu khin LG-1, tn dng t iu khin ny v B sung cc u o gim st sau:
Hardware Points Point Name Smoke alarm Genset room Smoke alarm SW.Board room Smoke alarm XFormer room Smoke alarm high volt. room Exhaust Fan start/stop Genset oil level 2 6 1 0 0 0 1 4 5 AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Genset oil high level alarm Genset oil low level alarm Voltage supply meter Totals

Total Hardware ( 8UI, 1BO,0AO )

Total Software ( 10 )

vi t ny, khng cn phi thay th modules MZ TB, ch cn B sung card iu khin. 3.3 T iu Khin B1-2 - iu khin cho cc Bm nc nng, valve Bypass ca Chiller, o m ngoi tri v iu khin cho PAHU-R
Hardware Points Point Name Hot water pump1 status Hot water pump1 trip Hot water pump2 status Hot water pump2 trip Chiller water Bypass valve Hot water pump1 start/stop Hot water pump2 start/stop PAHU R-1 status AI AO BI BO AV BV Software Points Sche Trend d Alar m Show On Graphic

Hardware Points Point Name PAHU R-1 trip Outside Air Humidity PAHU R-1 start/stop PAHU R-1 Stage 1 heat PAHU R-1 Stage 2 heat PAHU R-1 Stage 3 heat Totals 1 1 6 6 0 AI AO BI BO AV

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 0 1 5 8 14

Total Hardware ( 7UI, 6BO, 1AO )

Total Software ( 28 )

Khng cn B sung tn hiu no cho t ny. Phng n cho t ny l B sung card iu khin v tn dng module MZ TB c. 3.4 T iu Khin B1-2A - iu khin cho cc flow switch, gim st nhit ca cc Boiler v nc nng, chi tit nh sau:
Hardware Points Point Name Flow switch 1 status Flow switch 2 status Flow switch 3 status Flow switch 4 status Flow switch 5 status Flow switch 6 status Flow switch 7 status Flow switch 8 status Boiler 1 temp Boiler 2 temp Boiler 3 temp AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Hot water common return temp

Hot water common supply temp Common Chill water supply temp

Hardware Points Point Name AI AO BI BO AV

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 15 15

Common Chill water return temp Totals 7 0 8 0 0 0 0

Total Hardware ( 15UI, 0BO, 0AO )

Total Software ( 37 )

Phng n cho t ny l thay mi B iu khin, B cc MZ TB, v thay Bng B iu khin ME ca ALC ( chi tit trong BOQ) 3.5 T iu Khin UG-1 - T ny iu khin cho FCU UG-1, ch cn B sung card iu khin. 3.6 T iu Khin UG-2 - iu khin AHU UG-1 v UG-2, ch cn B sung card iu khin 3.7 T iu Khin LF-1 - iu khin cho 02 AHU: AHU 1-1 v AHU 1-2,B sung thm u DI gim st trng thi Atomat tng, u ra BO cho chiu sng hnh lang, u vo AI cho nng khi v CO2, u ra AO cho qut ht khi Bp, 2 u vo DI gim st mc cho B cha trn mi chi tit nh sau:
Hardware Points Point Name AHU 1-1 status AHU 1-1 trip AHU 1-1 return air temp AHU 1-2 status AHU 1-2 trip AHU 1-2 return air temp AHU 1-1 static pressure AHU 1-2 static pressure AHU 1-1 Chill water valve AHU 1-2 Chill water valve AHU 1-1 start/stop AHU 1-1 stage1 heat AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Hardware Points Point Name AHU 1-1 stage2 heat AHU 1-1 stage3 heat AHU 1-2 start/stop AHU 1-2 stage1 heat AHU 1-2 stage2 heat AHU 1-2 stage3 heat Floor Atomat Status Lighting Control CO2 Sensor Smoke Sensor Fan Exhaust Control Totals 6 3 5 9 0 AI AO BI BO AV

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 0 2 6 18 18

Total Hardware ( 11UI, 9BO,3AO )

Total Software ( 48)

3.8 T iu Khin 1-1: - iu khin cho FCU UF-1, B sung u gim st Atomat tng, tn dng cng vo/ra cn trng, khng B sung thm im iu khin, ch B sung card iu khin. 3.9 T iu Khin 1-2: - iu khin cho AHU UF-1 v FCU UF-2, B sung card iu khin. 3.10T iu Khin 1-3: - iu khin cho FCU UF-2 v UF-3, B sung card iu khin. 3.11T iu Khin 2-1: - B sung thm u ra cho iu khin cc valve chn nc hi ti mi ng ln, do vy cn B sung 12 u ra BO iu khin ng m van v 12 u vo DI Bo trng thi hot ng cc van ny. - B sung thm 01 u ra BO cho iu khin chiu sng hnh lang, B sung 01 u vo DI cho cm Bin pht hin ngi, 01 DI cho trng thi Atomat tng ca tng. Chi tit nh sau:
Hardware Points Point Name FCU 2-1 status AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sched Trend Alarm Show On Graphic

Hardware Points Point Name FCU 2-1 trip FCU 2-1 return air temp FCU 2-1 start/stop FCU 2-1 stage1 heat FCU 2-1 stage2 heat FCU 2-1 stage3 heat FCU 2-1Chill water valve close 220 VAC Active FCU 2-1 Chill water valve open Return water valve start/stop (12points) Return water valve status (12points) Corridor lighting control Motion sensor GloBal aptomat status AI AO BI BO AV

Software Points BV Sched Trend Alarm Show On Graphic

Totals

16

19 0

12

33

Total Hardware ( 17UI,19BO,0AO )

Total Software ( 47)

3.12 Cc t t 3-1 cho n 9-1 - B sung thm u ra BO cho chiu sng hnh lang, 01 u vo DI cho cm Bin pht hin ngi. B sung thm 01 u vo DI cho vic gim st trng thy Atomat tng ca tng tng. Tn dng cc cng vo/ra cha s dng ca cc card iu khin, nn khng cn B module MZ TB, ch B sung card iu khin. 3.13 T iu Khin R-2: - B sung thm: iu khin qut ht khi Bp Bng Bin tn, iu khin qut ht nh v sinh cho qut chnh trn mi v 2 qut nhnh. Chi tit B sung nh sau:
Hardware Points Point Name Make up Pump pressure Expansion Tank low level AI AO BI BO AV Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m

Hardware Points Point Name AI 8 1 9 2 0 AO BI BO AV

Software Points BV Sche Trend Alar Show On Graphic d m 0 0 13 15 15

Expansion Tank high level Make up Pump 1 status Make up Pump 1 trip Make up Pump 2 status Make up Pump 2 trip Make up Pump 3 status Make up Pump 3 trip Make up Tank 1 low level Make up Tank 1 high level Make up Tank 2 low level Make up Tank 2 high level Exhaust Fan Speed Exhaust Fan Start/Stop Exhaust Fan status Toilet exhaust fan Status Toilet exhaust fan Start/Stop High lever switch Tank3 Low lever switch Tank3 Totals

Total Hardware ( 17UI, 2BO,1AO )

Total Software ( 43)

T iu khin ny s c thay th Bng B iu khin ME ( chi tit trong BOQ) 3.14 T iu Khin R-1: - Khng cn thay th, ch B sung thm card iu khin. Nh vy chng ta tin hnh la chn cc B iu khin cc t iu khin, chi tit nh sau: - Vi t B1-1,B1-2A, LF-1, 2-1, R-2: Thay th card iu khin c Bng B iu khin ME ca ALC. - Vi cc t B1-2, LG-1, UG-1, UG-2, 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 3-1,, 9-1, R-1: Thay th card iu khin c Bng card iu khin B sung WeBZone ca ALC. Tip theo ta s tin hnh la chn B nh tuyn cho h thng: Do s lng cc B iu khin l khng ln (nh hn 100) nn ta chn B nh tuyn l loi LGR25.

BMS server l h thng Redundant server, gm 2 server vi tnh d phng cao, khi mt trong hai server c s c khng th tip tc vn hnh iu khin th ngay lp tc server cn li s tip tc vn hnh iu khin m server kia ang thc hin. Cu hnh ti thiu ca mi server l Chipset PIV 2.66Ghz, Ram 1GB, Harddisk 160GB. Ci t h iu hnh Windows XP pro licence included. H thng mng BackBone ca h BMS s dng chun BACnet/IP trn ng truyn Ethernet, h thng mng cp trng s dng chun BACnet MS/TP. i vi h thng mng Third Party, dng kt ni t iu khin Bo chy trung tm s dng ModBus. 4.Thut ton iu Khin cc thit b trong h thng 4.1My lnh - Chiller iu kin chy ca my lnh: My lnh chy khi: - Mt s lng (c th thay i) cc ng xon nc lm lnh cn c lm mt - V nhit khng kh Bn ngoi ln hn 54F . chng chu k ngn, My lnh s chy v ngt trong khong thi gian (c th chnh c) nh nht. Ngoi tr trng hp ngt an ton hay cc iu khin ca khng kh ngoi tri. My lnh s chy da trn s an ton v iu khin Bn trong ca n. Dng khn: My lnh s ngt ngun v a ra cc cnh Bo khi nhn c trng thi tn hiu dng khn. D cht lm lnh: My lnh s ngt ngun v a ra cc cnh Bo khi nhn c tn hiu r r cht lm lnh. Bm nc lnh: Bm nc lnh s chy Bt c khi no my lnh c lnh chy. Bm nc lnh cng chy Bo v quy trnh lnh khi nhit Bn ngoi nh hn im t c nh ngha Bi ngi s dng. Bm nc lnh s Bt u trc khi my lnh c cho php v ch kt thc sau khi my lnh c lnh ngng. Bm nc lnh do c: - tr (c th hiu chnh Bi ngi s dng) khi Bt u chy - V thi gian tr (c th thay i Bi ngi s dng) khi ngng chy. - Thi gian tr c t thch hp vi th t Bt u, dng, v trnh t ca h thng nc lnh. Cc cnh Bo s c cung cp nh sau: - Li Bm nc lnh: c lnh Bt nhng trng thi ca n vn tt. - Bm nc lnh chy l: c lnh tt nhng trng thi Bo chy ca n vn tch cc. - Chy vt thi gian quy nh: chy vt thi gian chy quy nh do ngi s dng nh ngha. My lnh: My lnh s c cho php trong mt thi gian tr sau trng thi Bm c cng nhn l Bt. My lnh do s c thi gian tr khi Bt u.

Thi gian tr s c t ph hp vi th t Bt u, dng, trnh t ca h thng nc lm lnh. My lnh s chy da trn s iu khin v an ton pha trong n. Cc cnh Bo s c cung cp nh sau: - Li my lnh: Lnh Bt nh trng thi ca n vn tt. - My lnh chy l: Lnh tt nhng tn hiu trng thi ca n vn Bt. - Chy vtthi gian quy nh: Khi n chy vt thi gian chy quy nh ca ngi s dng. im t nc lnh cp: My lnh s duy tr nhit ca nc lnh cp v tr setpoint c xc nh Bi cc iu khin Bn trong ca n (c cung cp Bi thit B khc). Gim st nhit nc lnh: Nhng nhit sau s c gim st: - Nc lnh cp. - Nc lnh hi. Nhng cnh Bo c cung cp nh sau: - Nhit nc lnh cp qu cao: xy ra khi nhit nc lnh cp vt qu 55F - Nhit nc lnh cp qu thp: xy ra khi nhit ca nc lnh cp nh hn 38F.
Phn cng Tn im AI AO BI BO AV Phn mm BV Sche Trend Alar d m Biu din trn giao din ho

Nhit nc lnh hi Nhit nc lnh cp Tn hiu dng khn Tn hiu dng do r r cht lm lnh Trng thi Bm nc lnh Trng thi my lnh Tn hiu dng/khi ng my lnh Chiller EnaBle Li Bm nc lnh Trng thi chy ca Bm nc lnh Bm chy vt thi gian quy nh Li my lnh

Phn cng Tn im My lnh My lnh chy vt thi gian quy nh Nhit nc cp qu cao Nhit nc cp qu thp Tng Tng im cng ( 8 ) 2 0 4 2 0 0 AI AO BI BO AV

Phn mm BV Sche Trend Alar d m 0 6 10 8 Biu din trn giao din ho

Tng im mm ( 16 )

4.2 FCU iu kin chy-lch Biu: B phn ny s chy theo lch Biu thi gian do ngi s dng nh ngha theo ch sau: Ch tch cc: B phn ny s duy tr - im t lm lnh l 74F - im t lm nng l 70F Ch nhn ri: B phn ny s duy tr - im t lm lnh l 85F - im t lm nng l 55F Cc cnh Bo s c cung cp nh sau: - Nhit vng qu cao: xy ra nu nhit vng vt qua vng t nh ngha Bi ngi s dng. - Nhit vng qu thp: xy ra nu nhit ca vng nh hn nhit vng t nh ngha Bi ngi s dng. Qut: Qut s chy Bt c khi no c lnh chy, ngoi tr tnh hung ngng chy v vn an ton. Tc qut s c ch nh nh sau: - Tc thp khi nhit ca vng lm trong vng setpoint. - Nhit trung Bnh cho khi nhit ca vng lm ngoi vng setpoint. - Tc cao khi nhit cao vt ngoi khong nh do ngi s dng nh trc so vi vng setpoint. Van ca ng lm mt: B iu khin s o nhit vng v iu chnh van ca ng lm mt t c vng setpoint lm mt yu cu. Vic lm mt c php khi : - Nhit B ngoi ln hn 60F. - V nhit nhit khu vc trn gi tr vng t lm mt. - V qut ang Bt.

Trng thi qut: B iu khin s gim st trng thi ca qut. Nhng cnh Bo c a ra khi: - Li qut: Lnh Bt nhng trng thi vn tt. - Qut : Lnh tt nhng trng thi vn cn. - Chy vt thi gian quy nh: Trng thi tn ti vt qua thi gian chy gii hn quy nh Bi ngi s dng.
Phn cng Tn im Nhit khu vc Van lm mt Trng thi qut Tc qut thp Tc qut trung Bnh Tc qut cao Lch Biu im t lm lng im t lm lnh Nhit khu vc qu cao Nhit khu vc qu thp Li qut Qut Chy qu gii hn Tng Tng cng ( 6 ) 1 1 1 3 0 0 1 7 AI 5 8 AO BI BO AV Phn mm BV Sche Trend Alar Biu din trn giao din d m ho

Tng mm ( 13 )

4.3 AHU iu kin chy yu cu: B phn ny s chy khi: - Mt s vng ang cn c tc ng. - Hay mt s nh trc vng ang s dng cn c lm mt hay si m. Bo v lnh: Thit B ny s ngt ngun v pht ra tn hiu cnh Bo khi nhn c tn hiu Bo lnh.

Ngt do nhim in cao: B phn ny s ngt ngun v pht ra tn hiu cnh Bo khi nhn c tn hiu ngt do nhim in ln. D khi gi hi: B phn ny s ngt ngun v pht ra tn hiu cnh Bo khi nhn c tn hiu Bo c khi trong gi hi. D khi gi cp: B phn ny s ngt ngun v pht ra tn hiu cnh Bo khi nhn c tn hiu Bo c khi trong gi cp. Qut cp: Qut cp s chy khi c lnh, tr trng hp lin quan ti vn an ton. trnh chu k chy qu ngn, qut cp s c thi gian chy nh nht do ngi s dng nh ngha. Nhng cnh Bo xy ra khi: - Li qut cp: Lnh chy nh trng thi vn ng. - Qut cp : Lnh dng, nhng trng thi ca n vn Bt. - Chy vt thi gian quy nh: Thi gian chy ca thit B vt thi gian chy nh trc ca ngi s dng. iu khin p sut tnh trong ng: B iu khin s o p sut tnh trong ng v iu chnh tc qut cp duy tr im t p sut tnh trong ng Bng 1.5x2.54 cmH2O. Tc qut cp s khng tht di 30%. Nhng cnh Bo s xut hin khi: - p sut tnh kh cp qu cao: Khi p sut tnh ca khng kh vt qu 25% gi tr im t. - p sut tnh kh cp qu thp: Nu p sut tnh ca kh thp hn 25% so vi im t. - Li qut cp. Nhit im t kh cp - ti u: B iu khin s gim st nhit ca kh cp v duy tr nhit kh cp im t da trn yu cu lm lnh hay si m trong vng iu khin im t nhit kh cp c t cn c vo yu cu lm lnh nh sau: - im t khi to ca kh cp l 55F. - Khi nhu cu lm lnh tng, im t s t gim theo nhng ti thiu l 53F. - Khi nhu cu lm lnh gim, im t s tng ln nhng ti a l 72F. Nu vng cn lm nng hn vng cn lm lnh, th im t ca kh cp s c t li nh sau: - im t nhit kh cp khi to l 82F - Khi nhu cu lm nng tng, im t s tng theo nhng ti a l 85F. - Khi nhu cu lm nng gim, im t s thay th theo nhng ti thiu l 72F Van ng lm lnh: B iu khin s o nhit kh cp v iu chnh van ng lm mt duy tr im t lm lnh ca n.

Vic lm lnh c php khi: - Nhit Bn ngoi vt qu 60F. - V B ho phi kh hi v khng kh (nu c) khng c php hay m hon ton. - V trng thi qut cp ang Bt. - V qu trnh lm m (nu c) khng hot ng. - Cc van iu chnh ng lm mt s m ti 50% my lnh (nu c) ang Bt. Cc cnh Bo cung cp nh sau: - Nhit kh cp qu cao: xy ra khi nhit kh cp ln hn 5F so vi setpoint. Cnh Bo nhit kh cp thp: B iu khin s a ra cnh Bo nu nhit kh cp nh hn 45F. Bm ng lm lnh: Bm tun hon s chy khi: - Van ng lm lnh m ln hn 80%. - Hoc my lnh Bt (nu c). Cc cnh Bo xy ra khi: - Li Bm ng lm lnh: Lnh Bt nhng tn hiu trng thi vn tt. - Bm ng lm lnh : Lnh tt nhng tn hiu trng thi vn Bt. - Chy vt thi gian quy nh: chy vt thi gian quy nh nh ngha Bi ngi s dng. B ho phi: B iu khin s o nhit kh hn hp v iu chnh cc damper ca B ho phi duy tr im t nh hn 2F so vi im t ca kh cp. Cc damper ca kh ngoi tri s duy tr v tr m (c th hiu chnh) nh nht l 20% khi n c dng. B iu phi s c php hot ng khi: - Nhit ngoi tri nh hn 65F. - V nhit kh ngoi tri nh hn nhit kh hi. - V trng thi ca qut cp ang Bt. B iu phi s ng khi: - Nhit kh ho trn xung t 40F n 35F. - Hoc B Bo lnh (nu c) ang Bt. - Hoc mt trng thi ca qut cp. Cc damper kh thi v kh Bn ngoi s ng v damper kh hi s m khi thit B ny ngng hot ng. Nu c khi ng ti u damper kh trn s hot ng nh c miu t trong ch hot ng ngoi tr damper kh ngoi c iu chnh ng hon ton. Thng gi kh Bn ngoi ti thiu - phn trm ho trn: Cc damper kh ngoi tri s duy tr v tr iu chnh ti thiu trong thi gian hot ng v ng trong thi gian nhn ri. iu khin p sut tnh to nh: B iu khin s o p sut tnh ca to nh v iu chnh damper kh thi duy tr im t p sut tnh 0.05x2.54 cm H2O. Damper gi thi s duy tr v tr nh nht.

Cc damper gi thi s c php khi trng thi qut cp Bt v ng khi n tt. Cc cnh Bo c cp nh sau: - p sut tnh ca to nh qu cao: Nu p sut tnh vt qu 25% so vi setpoint. - p sut tnh kh qu thp: Nu p sut tnh kh nh hn 25% so vi setpoint. iu khin m: B iu khin s o m kh hi v iu ch thit B lm m duy tr im t 50% rh. Thit B lm m s hot ng khi trng thi qut cp Bt. Thit B lm m s ngt khi: - m kh cp dng ln n 90% rh n 95% rh. - Hoc mt tn hiu trng thi qut cp. Cc cnh Bo sinh ra l: - m kh cp cao: Nu kh cp ln hn 90%rh. - m kh cp thp: Nu m kh cp nh hn 30% rh Nhit kh ho trn: B iu khin s gim st kh ho trn iu khin B ho phi (nu c) hay iu khin gia nhit trc (nu c th). Cc cnh Bo l: - Nhit kh ho trn cao: Nu nhit kh ho ln hn 90F. - Nhit kh ho trn thp: Nu nhit kh ho trn nh hn 45F. m gi hi: B iu khin s gim st m kh hi v s dng n nh yu cu cho vic iu khin B ho phi (nu c) v iu khin m (nu c). Cc cnh Bo l: - m gi hi cao: nu m ca gi hi ln hn 70%. - m gi hi thp: nu m gi hi nh hn 35% Nhit gi hi: B iu khin s gim st nhit gi hi v s dng nh yu cu iu khin setpoint hay iu khin B phi ho kh (nu c). Cc cnh Bo l: - Nhit gi hi cao: Nu nhit gi hi ln hn 90F. - Nhit gi hi thp: Nu nhit gi hi nh hn 45F. Nhit gi cp: B iu khin s gim st nhit kh cp. Cc cnh Bo l: - Nhit kh cp cao: Nu nhit ca kh cp vt qu 120F. - Nhit kh cp thp: Nu nhit ca kh cp nh hn 45F.
Phn cng Tn im iu khin p sut tnh kh cp p sut tnh to nh AI AO BI BO AV Phn mm BV Sche Trend Alar Biu din trn giao d m din ho

Phn cng Tn im iu khin m kh cp Nhit kh ho trn m kh hi Nhit kh hi Nhit kh cp Tc qut cp Van lm mt Damper kh trn Damper kh thi B lm m B Bo tn hiu lnh Ngt ngun nhim in cao B d khi kh hi B d khi kh cp Li qut cp Trng thi qut cp Trng thi Bm ng lm mt Trng thi damper gi thi Start/Stop qut cp Start/Stop Bm ng lm mt Cho php B to m Setpoint p sut tnh kh cp Setpoint nhit kh cp Setpoint nhit kh ho ca B ho kh Setpoint p sut tnh to nh Setpoint thit B to m p sut tnh gi cp cao p sut tnh gi cp thp Li qut cp Qut cp AI AO BI BO AV

Phn mm BV Sche Trend Alar Biu din trn giao d m din ho

Phn cng Tn im iu khin AI AO BI BO AV

Phn mm BV Sche Trend Alar Biu din trn giao d m din ho

Qut cp chy qu thi gian quy nh Nhit kh cp cao Nhit kh cp thp Li Bm ng lm lnh Bm ng lm lnh Bm ng lm lnh chy vt thi gian Li damper kh thi Dampar kh thi m kh cp cao m kh cp thp Nhit kh trn cao Nhit kh trn thp m kh hi cao m kh hi thp Nhit kh hi cao Nhit kh hi thp Nhit kh cp cao Nhit kh cp thp Tng 7 Tng cng ( 23 ) 5 8 3 5 0 0 22

28

28

Tng mm ( 55 )

5 Xy dng h thng iu Khin 5.1 Xy dng Kin trc mng Da trn cc la chn trn, h thng BMS (trn nn kin trc ALC) ca khch sn s c thit k nh sau:

5.2 Xy dng chng trnh iu Khin c th iu khin cc thit B Bao gi cng cn phi c mt c ch giao tip gia chng vi cc B iu khin, B iu khin c th thu nhn tn hiu t cc cm Bin, x l cc yu cu ca ngi vn hnh, a ra cc quyt nh cho c cu chp hnh. C ch giao tip ny c thc hin nh cc chng trnh iu khin. Cc chng trnh iu khin ca ALC c xy dng trn ngn ng lp trnh ho Eikon. Mi chng trnh iu khin c thit k Bng Eikon s l mt thnh phn ca h thng trong SiteBuilder, sau WeBCTRL s download n vo module iu khin iu khin trc tip v gim st h thng. c th iu khin cc thit B trong to nh nh cc chiller, AHU, FCU,Chng ta s tin hnh xy dng chng trnh iu khin cho mi thit B, chi tit tham kho trong cc file a CD km theo. 5.3 Xy dng giao din vn hnh Giao din vn hnh c thit k trn nn WeB vi cu trc cy v cc tu chn, rt d dng cho s dng.

Hnh 4.1 Cc tu chn trn giao din vn hnh WeBCTRL Giao din vn hnh WeBCTRL c thit k theo khun mu c sn, v l s kt hp gia 3 cng c:

- EiKon to ra cc chng trnh iu khin cho cc thit B (c lu di dng file *.eiw v c hin th trn trang logic page). - ViewBuilder to ra hnh nh m phng hot ng ca cc thit B (c lu di dng file *.view v c hin th trn trang graphic). Xem chi tit trong a CD km theo. - SiteBuilder to ra c s d liu WeBCTRL Server giao tip vi cc module iu khin. Xem chi tit trong a CD km theo. Thng qua mt trnh duyt WeB c th truy cp vo tt c cc chc nng qun l ca to nh Bao gm: - t v thay i lch trnh lm vic ca cc thit B trong h thng. - iu chnh cc im khi to v cc tham s iu khin khc. - D Bo cc trng thi hot ng quan trng ca to nh Bng th. - Hin th, thng Bo cc cnh Bo, cc s kin, trng thi hot ng v cc Bo co khi h thng lm vic Bnh thng, khi gp s c, 5.4 Vn hnh h thng Khi ng WeBCTRL server trn my ch, sau khi ng mt trnh duyt weB trn mt hay nhiu my trm. Nu server c kt ni vi Internet, n s c gn mt a ch IP, g a ch ny vo thanh a ch ca trnh duyt weB ca my trm, giao din WeBCTRL s c kch hot yu cu nhp user name v password. Nu s dng trnh duyt weB trn my ch th g nh sau: http://localhost nhp user name v password.

Hnh 4.2 ng nhp h thng Giao din vn hnh ca h thng s c hin th: Giao din vn hnh ca h thng s c hin th:

Hnh 4.3 Giao din vn hnh h thng BMS ca KS NewWay T giao din vn hnh ny ngi vn hnh c th iu khin v gim st hot ng ca tt c cc h thng trong to nh.

V d iu khin v gim st AHU UF1, chn AHU UF1 trn cy GEO trn giao din vn hnh, giao din vn hnh ca AHU UF1 s xut hin:

Trang graphic s m phng hot ng ca AHU Bng cc khi ho nh hnh trn, ng thi hin th cc thng s ca AHU nh: Trng thi ca qut AHU, m ca van lnh, nhhit kh cp,...v mi lin h vi cc thit B khc trong h thng. Chng hn nh nc cp cho dn lnh ca AHU do h thng chiller cung cp, click vo dng text To Chiller Plant h thng s t ng lin kt n trang Graphic m phng hot ng ca h thng chiller:

thit lp lch lm vic cho AHU UF1, click vo nt Schedule trn giao din vn hnh, trang schedule s hin ra: La chn lp lch theo ngy thng, ngy ngh hay ch ghi . V d mun AHU hot ng trong khong thi gian t 8h->17h ngy 13/6 th chn nh sau, ri click vo nt Accept:

Click vo nt Alarm trang cnh Bo s hin ra, trn trang ny s hin th tt c cc cnh Bo v h thng:

Mun xem chng trnh iu khin click vo nt Logic:

6.Th nghim v nh gi h thng 6.1 Phng php th nghim Vic th nghim h thng c tin hnh sau khi hon thnh vic kt ni cc B iu khin vo h thng nhng cha kt ni vi cc thit B cp trng. V c thc hin nh cc cng c v phn mm gi lp. C th nh sau: Cc gi tr u vo (AI, BI) c thay th Bng cc gi tr (AV, BV) thit lp trong chng trnh iu khin. Chng trnh iu khin s dng cc tham tr ny tnh ton v m phng vn hnh h thng. Do khng c s B iu khin cn thit thc hin th nghim nn em ch tin hnh xy dng chng trnh iu khin v giao din vn hnh cho h thng chiller, mt s AHU v FCU,... Chi tit c trnh By trong a CD km theo. 6.2 nh gi h thng Vic th nghim vi mt phn ca h thng cho thy h thng hon ton c th hot ng tt nu c cc B iu khin cn thit. Tuy nhin vic hot ng ny mi ch trn phng din m phng. Cn trn thc t, h thng c hot ng tt hay khng khi c ni vi cc thit B tht vn cha c kim nghim.

KT LUN
Sau 6 thng thc tp v lm n, vi ti Tm hiu v thit k h thng t ng ho to nh cho khch sn NewWay. Chng em t c mt s kt qu sau: Nghin cu l thuyt v cc h iu khin phn tn. Nghin cu v h thng t ng ho to nh ni chung, nm Bt s B v h thng t ng ho ca Siemems v hiu Bit kh su v h thng t ng ho to nh ca ALC. Tm hiu nguyn l hot ng ca cc h thng c in trong cc to nh cao tng nh h thng HVAC, h thng chiu sng, h thng in, a ra tng ci to h thng t ng ho to nh cho khch sn NewWay trn nn kin trc ca ALC. S dng B cng c lp trnh Bao gm: Eikon, ViewBuilder, SiteBuilder ca ALC thit k phn mm iu khin v giao din vn hnh cho h thng BMS ca NewWay. Hng pht trin ca n: Tm hiu thm v cc h thng t ng ho to nh ca cc hng khc. Nghin cu chuyn su v h thng ca ALC. Tham kho kin ca cc chuyn gia tin ti hon thin hn ti h thng trong thc t. hon thnh c lun vn ny em xin chn thnh cm n c Phan Xun Minh B mn iu Khin T ng - trng i hc Bch khoa H ni v anh L Ch Hiu Cng ty THHH k thut T&D gip v hng dn tn tnh chng em trong qu trnh lm lun vn tt nghip. ng thi em xin cm n cc thy c gio B mn iu Khin T ng ng gp kin gip ti hon thnh lun vn. Trong qu trnh lm lun vn tuy chng em rt c gng nhng khng trnh khi nhng thiu st.Chng em rt mong c nhng kin B sung ca cc thy c v cc Bn.

TI LIU THAM KHO


[1] Hong Minh Sn, Mng truyn thng cng nghip, Nh xut Bn khoa hc v k thut nm 2004. [2] Hong Minh Sn , iu khin phn tn, T ng ho ngy nay. S 2. 1999. [3] www.BACnet.com [4] www.Siemens.com [5] www.Automatedlogic.com [6] www. ASHRAE.com

PH LC
Chng trnh cho khch sn NewWay

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