| srinibconta Persian Texts Relating to Zoroastrianism, Sete Ubya8 98 Se 9 45 40 do SADDAR NASR a0 SADDAR BUNDEHESH. ‘Epriep sr ERVAD BAMANJI NASARVANJI DHABHAR, M.A. Lecturer in Avesta and Paklavi, Mulla Feeroze Madressa, Purvis sy THE TRUSTEES OF THE PARSER PUNCHAYET FUNDS AND PROPERTIES. 1909,Bombay: PRINTED AT THE BRITISH INDIA PRESS, BYCULLA. PREFACE: Office of the Trustees of the Parsee Punchayet Funds anid Properties. ‘Tus Trustees of the Parsee Punchayet Funds and Proportios have made arrangements to get the texte of Sonslait writings on the subject of the Parsee religion and the texte of the unpublished Pabilnvi, Pagend ané Persian litefatare prepared and published, The work of preparing the texte of the two Soddars published in this Volume wasentrusted to Ervad Bamanji Nasarvanji Dhabhar, M,S, ‘The ‘Trustees offer their best thanks to Ervad Dhuthar for the carefull way in which be bas done his work. Bowway, vec JAMSHEDJI MODI, 22nd October, 1909. Secretory.INTRODUCTION. ‘The Rivdyats which are written in Pahlavi and in Persian are records of religious laws and doce (vines, onatoms, legends and tradi- fons of the Parcees. Persian Riviyate ate of two kinds, (i) old Rivayats; and (42) new or greater Rivayats, In the ald Riviyats are included the Seddara and compositions of lite natare. Now or greater Riviyats are collections of the avawers given by the priests of Persia to the questions. pro- posed to them by their co-religionists in India, and hemo Gifferent groaps of answers are generally named after those who were expresily sent to Persia for obiaining religious ine formation on moot and obscare points, e, g., tho Rivayat ot Nariman Hoshang, the Rivdyat of Katz Kamdin, &o(*) ‘This Jatter class of Riviyets occupy a period of nearly 00 yencs dating from 1478 A. 0. when Nasiman Hoshang of Bharsich brought letters to India from Sharfibid and ‘Torkabid in Persia, down to the yesr 1778 A. C, when Malla Rustam Kave alll brought, from Yaad and. Ketmén, the Ifoter Tiivayat embodying the answers to 78 questions proposed by the Pare sees of India to the priests of Iran.(®) his “revival of Parse literatore in India proceeded from Karmén, where the learnet tradition always was kept more free from foreign inflaonee snd dates af the extast from the end of the thirteenth contnry, 0) Tiles palace othe Gujaat Bivayat of Datler Darab Hamelpe, ‘pobilhed in 1896 4, C, by Bevad Rustam} Jamapit Desar Meherh meee (2) Vie the Port Prokés, Patt 1, yp. G17, 89,60; Post X-p. 800 eat B,8t9 by Boman Byram Fatt acd “Grundriss der Ie. Phe DE Penne Usteraor ~The Rkyat, pp. 126127, by De BW. West, Pie ane Gena Memorial Volame, pp. 172174 eted by Sharsal-Viama divne! Jere heli Meat, B.A, The Riviyats,a iv venonsemt0n, In its subsequent development it may be divided into three parts, which pariake, on the whole, of s more scientific and earned cbaracter, in oar sanse of the terms, then the former periods. . . . « The second division of these Parseo ‘writings composed in Persiso, exhibits a sort of Talmudic Bterature, tho Riviyat, digests of the religious rales for the casuistry of cotmon life, dogmatical aud legendary trealses, the Shayist-Nishayist, the Saddar, + lami Islim, Jamlspofoa, Go, Not long after were composed the poetical redactions, of these and older works, ¢. g., of the Ardat-Virif and the Saddax-i-Nasm, and original poetical compositions, such as the Zastashtnims and Kiesai Sanjan."(") ‘We have sven that the Saddar isa Rivdyat, The word Saddar signifies a hundred gates or chepters, One hundred principal sub- jects, religious and moral, are incorporated in the Saddars : hhence the nome. In the Saddar-isNasm or metrical Seddar, a poctical redaction ofthe Sadar Nasr or prose Saddar, the Zoroastrian religion is compared to # city having one hundred gates, cach lending to wisdom. ‘The author says therein that whooret finds his way throughi any of these gates into ‘the city is freed from sin and that in the city of the religion founded by Zarathushtra, the way to salvation om be found only through these hundred gates.(?) ‘The Saddor. G) Vide “Gontcibationn to the Anowiodge ot Fars Litervere”, 07 Lm Be atic Society af rest Britain and (@) Gy the flowing le trom the troduction to the Sader Naz -— eel BOS Ly GHB 51000 gd Se teal Bash Ue ered CATES BUS Shays See GH Bh ok of y0 tl S v0 easy de 538) B20 gh yo Seep ots op his OAL | | | | : pernopucTioN. 7 od for the Sadder by its author wos continued for generations in India in the absonoe of any correct study of ‘Avesta and Pablavi, Beforethe four~ ‘ation of coreect Avestan scholarship, the rudiments of Zoro- ceesaniemn woro often taught to hia disciples by « priest irom tee Seddar,aplly called “an excellent text-book of Pasetism”.(') ‘again 20 imuch weight was attached to the Saddars by the Parsee priests of India that, in the compilation of the original Riviyels wo Gnd thom justifying the answers to the religions questions, more often than act, by long quotations from thom. ‘There aro two metrical versions of the prose Seddar, now enon ot iw Proon ern One he Saddae Nez jersions of the Prost netvical Saddar,and tho other is what ee fs generally known as the Saddari- Behar-{-Tavil or the long-mastre Sadar. ‘The former was com- posed from the prose Saddar by Iran-ehah(") son of Malek-abah posed from the proseBadder Ly ‘This importance esi importance ettached tothe Saduar ramataber BB, Hy Vol, EV, Hntroduetion, VT ® (@)_ Cha for example, Detar Dietb Wormajyis ive (> fy the llomiog Hees ror he Introduction toe kdar Nea aot onp wlan 22 12 ve Se ‘enanman wes non as Tee 5 Conneattag bet benttch of Ue nein ifcent wey, tb Inte Dasbor seeneeit,Jumamp Are, in Ms place to the Gait tration ofthe BiaaELgstariene of log-metse Said, cals te aathor of be Ses SEU chiara, ‘hus construed the tacslation of the fret hemi cant wee ast BbabAlad was Eoown fn lean " (upporing OT tee Tate Neovo Bus nut Bor forthe exigoncea of mie). gH, of tO Bega tens tru the pootsxipt othe Saddar asm, where io uthor lla De Bcd >= ; Te poy tag) HUE Sle Se ok ape Shag Bd oth ‘Back the ptt yrson of Yard Shh ; the glerious MleeStat wae Bis tether pure thats thee this AlnraSsh es prcbabiy 8 brother of [eels aod that tbe fariner wots dora what the Iter bad compo, (Gerona Ie, Pb i PabarLieas p98 518) eb da on ia this Workvi merRopuerion, of Kerman in 864 A. Y.(¥, ie, A, HE. 900%) oF 1496 A. C., while the latter was composed by two layinen namned Malla Rostam Asfandyar of Khorassan and Molla Bebuad Rustam(*) in 978 A, ¥.(¥), i.2.,1005 A, C, Similar attemptsat ‘Yersification of original religious prose texts ero not unknown fo stadents of Persian Riviyats. For example, the Zartusht Nameb, ite stated, was Sst composed in Persian prose. trem Pahtevi by Dastor Kaikava bin Kaikhusro, andthen versifed by ©), te ttiowing ine from the Inzoduation othe Wallon Nac Eat gl Me sesfatbal 2. hy eek yet cod jlo wt 3B 8 3 ole pS Af apt aly jay oF ny pet ©) OF to homing tn trom the postaipt te the Beddar Neng 8 OF GF BaF SIE 2 a oF Gum J oy gly ya “Te wat ox the 148 of Mobarram hut! made 82 the ebromgrem fe ook." According tothe adja eytem, the enasomote ot te word 2% adted together give AH. 900, £2. Oly se following ins trom the potcrpt to the eth Chater ofthe Saddar-i-Bahar-ivTarl or long-insire Sadar 28iibel phy iE os Wy yy aagite ots eG! Sat 3s woh Ain wit an whe Bla so Sy ele 9! Gad w182 pias olay) Goal iit eas (188 Slowing Hines trom th potatos tothe Sadarst-Rabete arit eg Oy y m0 eoayea5e Glue 5 A327! HOH 33 ide ol BES eh ‘Tala the date of the tock as found in one of the MB. of it te he Feattion of evad aaveeus Hestomit Uses th ue bette Tasatpt has given the yeas 6004. Yas the date of onsen ‘Be Sedders-Babar Tar io th peice this Gores ennai star Jamar gives Yen A.D. the Obst date of te ompaticn (Paar Ee YoLREIY, Inoducon p21 na pte ag gE MS. thority ot be aac forthe Verein ofthis ic tne pernopuerioN, vii Dastur Zartosht Bebram.(!) There is yet another Sadar called Sadder Bondehesh in Persian prose treating of the religioe Jaws and customs and rites of the Parsees in nearly the same strain and written in mach the same style as the Saddars described sbove(?) Ds, Hyde has givon a Tatin translation of the Saddar Nan 1 ine i2 bis Historia eigionis Veterum Pen ciara °F ® sarum (A, O. 1700), and a Gujarath pCeeeeee translation of he Sadden-Buhos Tavil was Gest published in Bombay in A. C. 1844 and again in A.C. 1881 by the late Dasiar Dr. Jamaspji Minachebrjt Jamasp Ase, Dr. Spiegel bas incorporated sir extracia(*) from the Saddar Bondehesh with German translation in his Dis traditionelte Literatur der Parten, yp. 168-18) (A. 0, 1860), ‘That profound Pablavi scholar, the late De. West, has fornish- ed sm English translation of the Saddar Nasr in 8. B. B. Vol. XXIV (A, 0. 1885), Nothing is known frou the Saddar Nesr or the prose Sadder about the suthor who composed it, no> do we find therein any mention of the “ age ofits composition. But we fina iz {ho introduotion to the Saddari-Bahar-i-Pavil or long-raotre Saddar, referred to above, that the prose Sadar was composed, by threo learned Dastars or high priests named Vardast, | L Age and Author of the ‘sadior Naar Wie from the potgt v e 18Chapiae ote wi gel Oi gf ald 83,3 seed Ile it pl phe 22355 whi) esp 2) Foe Ge diseigon and cntnie oft below. (2) Bes ss exiate frm Chapiese8f2, 71,75, 98.99 (opto § 8), aoa PHF ESS com § 18 to and of our text ofthe Sattar Beaten dar Bundehesh, td L ee