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FBCopy manual
fbcopy {D|C|A|S|X}[EKNHF1234] {source} {destination} Source and destination format is [user:password@][host:]database[?charset] Options: D Define - outputs a definition of fields in format: table:common fields:missing fields:extra fields[:where clause|UID] C Copy - reads that definition from stdin and does the copying S Single step (define© all tables in single step) A Alter - outputs ALTER TABLE script for fields missing in destination X Compare data in tables (reads definition from stdin), optionally show: 1 same rows, 2 missing rows, 3 extra rows, 4 different rows E Everything in single transaction (default = transaction per table) K Keep going (default = stop on first record that cannot be copied) F Fire triggers (default = temporary deactivate triggers) N Nulls - used with A. Doesn't put NOT NULL in ALTER TABLE statements H Html - used with D, A, X. Outputs differences in HTML format Options are not case-sensitive.
FBCopy Manual
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fbcopy D sysdba:masterkey@localhost:/dbases/employee.fdb sysdba:masterkey@localhost:/dbases/test.fdb If you have ISC_USER and ISC_PASSWORD environment variables, they will be used, so you can just type: fbcopy D localhost:/dbases/employee.fdb localhost:/dbases/test.fdb Also, if you wish, you can use direct connection on local server (or with embedded server):
fbcopy D /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb The D command will output list of all tables in source database, in the following format: table:list of columns common to both tables:list of columns missing in destination table: list of extra columns in destination (missing from source) Columns are separated with commas, the output will look something like this:
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You'll need to use this output as input for the actual copying (C option), so redirect it to some file: fbcopy D /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb > file.def Now, you can edit the .def file with some editor, remove tables (and fields) you don't want to copy. Also, inspect any differences you find, since you may need to update some of the databases manually. You can also add a where clause to the end of each row in .def file, like this: COUNTRY:COUNTRY,CURRENCY::where country = 'Germany' When doing copying, FBCopy only cares about three fields in input it gets: first field (table name) second field (list of table columns) last field (optional where clause) Therefore, you can simply write: COUNTRY:COUNTRY,CURRENCY:where country = 'Germany' You can also write definition files yourself, or use some other program to do it. They are simple textual files with colon separated fields. When you just want to view the differences, you can also use HTML output which is much cleaner and easier to human eye. Just add H and redirect to some html file: fbcopy DH /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb > differences.html
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Then open the file in some browser and enjoy. You can also use H with A option (AH). Examples: HTML output with D option, HTML output with A option.
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To copy the data, you need to send the definition file to FBCopy. It will read it, and copy all data according to it. FBCopy reads data from standard input, so you have to pass the file to it: fbcopy C /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb < file.def You can also use the pipes to send definition to FBCopy, example for Windows: type file.def | fbcopy C /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb For Linux: cat file.def | fbcopy C /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb For each line in definition (i.e. for each table), FBCopy starts transaction, creates INSERT and SELECT statements and copies the data. On any errors, the transaction is rolled back, so you're sure that either all data is copied to destination table or none. If you wish, you can run the entire copy (all tables) in a single transaction. To do that use the E switch: fbcopy CE /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb < file.def Sometimes you may wish to just copy some data, and don't care if some of it does not get copied. You just need to populate some tables, no matter if some records are already there. During default operation, FBCopy would stop for each record that violates primary key, foreign key, or any other constraint. However, you can use option K to keep going and copy all data that can be copied, ignoring the records that can't: fbcopy CK /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb < file.def
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There are cases when you know that the databases are the same, and you just want to copy all data. This can happen, for example, when you have a subset of data into some temporary database, and you want to import all that into some master database. For this, use S switch: fbcopy S /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb Of course, you can use the piping to do it with D and C commands too, so S is really just a shortcut: fbcopy d /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb | fbcopy c /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb If you are good with pipes, you can write oneliners to copy data of a single table. Suppose we can to copy data in EMPLOYEE table: fbcopy d /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb | grep EMPLOYEE | fbcopy c /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb
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Additional feature: Building the ALTER TABLE and CREATE TABLE script
Sometimes, you wish to copy data, but you're missing some fields in some tables of destination database. You need to add them, but it's a lot of work: loading some admin. tool, determine column types, and add to destination. FBCopy can do this hard work for you. fbcopy A /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb > changes.sql
This will output a regular .sql script with ALTER TABLE statements to add fields. Also, for tables missing in destination, it will create CREATE TABLE statements. It only creates datatype, not-null option and primary keys. If you have checks, foreign keys, indices, triggers, or something else on those tables, you have to create it manually (This may be improved in future versions of FBCopy). When you get a ALTER TABLE statement, there is a chance that you already have some data in destination database. So, adding a NOT NULL column can be a problem. Therefore, there is an option N, to avoid NOT NULLs for ALTER TABLE statements: fbcopy AN /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb > changes.sql
It will write each table name, and four columns representing the number of records that are the same, different, those that are missing in source and missing in destination database. By same it means that all columns supplied in column list have the same values (NULL is treated equal to NULL in this case). Rows are compared based on the primary key value. If values of primary key columns from one database are not found in other, than that row is treated as missing . Rows that have same values for primary key columns, but different values for other columns are considered different. Current version can only compare tables with primary keys, but support for tables with unique indices might be introduced soon. In some future versions there will be ability to compare any tables regardless of the primary key presence. You can also use H option to get the HTML table with same columns. fbcopy XH /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb < file.def > comparison.html After this, you might also want see the actual records that are same, differ or missing. This output is only available in HTML format. To see same rows, add 1 to flags. To see rows missing in destination, add 2. To see rows missing in source add 3. To see different rows, add 4. Different rows have split-cells for values that differ. Example that shows all the rows and colors them appropriately: fbcopy XH1234 /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb < file.def > records.html
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Example that only shows rows missing from destination database: fbcopy XH2 /dbases/employee.fdb /dbases/test.fdb < file.def > records.html Of course, if you only want to see rows of a single table (or selected tables), edit the file.def file before running the command. Here are some examples of data comparison: overview, detailed view of records
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