Tutorial 1 - Simple Road Design

Tutorial Overview
This tutorial will introduce you to the fundamental design components of Advanced Road Design (ARD) for: creating and editing typical cross sections (templates) creating a Road with a typical cross section (template) applied editing the vertical grading and viewing cross sections extracting volume information plotting long and cross sections The design represents a typical road construction project where there are few design constraints. A series of projects in Tutorial 5 will focus on road reconstruction techniques within ARD, however information learned in the previous tutorials is assumed for the Tutorial 5 projects

Goals
Road Design Tools Become familiar with the ARD user interface Create and apply a typical cross section (template) including pavement layers and slope conditions Create a Road Use the Vertical Grading Editor to design the Road centreline Outputs Generate Road design outputs including: obtaining volume reports displaying the road extents (batter lines) in the drawing creating a surface model of your design obtaining cross section and vertical curve reports Plot long section and cross sections of your design

Time required: 60 minutes

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start - Please start Civil 3D 2008 and open the drawing file C:/CADAPPS Training Data/Civil 3D 2008/ARD2008/Simple_Road_Design.dwg. This project data includes a surface and a collection of alignments to control Road centrelines as well as offsets of different parts of the road cross sections. The overall Site Plan is shown below: Highlighted in this screen image is Marin Street - this alignment (Marin) will be used to generate a simple road design.

Surface Data
A single surface named NS exists in the drawing. All alignments are inside the extents of this surface

Alignments
Alignments have been created in the drawing, as follows:

Note: All Road centreline alignments have the prefix of 'r-' in the Alignment Description. The Marin alignment is to be converted into a Road. MarinREB alignment will be used to widen out the right edge of the road pavement.

Running Commands - Menus and Toolbars

As discussed in the introduction, there are two common points of access to the ARD commands; menu or toolbars. For the purposes of these tutorials, almost all commands are available from the Roads-Main toolbar, shown below:

Creating a Typical Cross Section (Template)

As part of creating a Road, designers must apply a Template (or typical cross section) to the Road to describe the shape of the cross section. A template normally forms the 'backbone' of your road design and describes the typical shape and arrangement of the cross section - designers then perform local adjustments to the cross section to suit specific design conditions. It is important to understand how to create, modify and apply templates. Whilst creating a Template can be done prior to creating a Road, we will explore the tools in the software for creating and editing typical cross sections before creating a Road.

Opening the Template Editor

There are two main access points for opening up the Template Editor: By clicking on the By clicking on the icon or selecting [Roads]-[Settings]-[Create/Edit Templates] from the Menu icon on the Vertical Grading Editor. (Note: This will be discussed later in this tutorial)

To open the Template Editor: Step 1: Click on the

Crossing Roads

icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Settings]-[Create/Edit Templates] from the Menu.

As part of the 'initialisation' of the software, all alignments in the drawing with 'r-' in the alignment description are checked for intersections. Immediately the designer is alerted to the intersections in the software where alignments cross over, as shown below:

This form requests the designer to designate which alignment will be the Side Road when roads are created. The Side Road always changes levels to match the shape and levels of the Main Road.

Step 2: Using the pick list, set that the 'Side Road Alignment' is SYDNEY. Then click on OK.

Special Note: This form is only displayed where the software detects alignments that are crossing in the drawing.

Viewing and Editing Templates

The Template Editor will be displayed:

The current Template (Local Metric Road) is noted at the top of the form.

A Template includes the following elements: Labels - these are named by user. The label geometry is defined by a distance and either slope or vertical distance relative to the next label toward the C.L. Some label names are important for intersection design - click here for more information. Sections - these connect between Labels and include a top surface and subgrade layers. A 'kerb' is a collection of Sections with a non-parallel subgrade. Slopes - these connect the last Label of the Template to the surface. The designer determines what default slope conditions to apply.
Navigation and Display Controls

You can review other templates for editing by using the Select Template button and selecting the template from a list, or you can use the Next and Previous buttons to cycle through the templates. A view of the template is shown below the (pink and green) data entry grid - this view is automatically updated to reflect changes you make to the surface, slopes or subgrade. You can change the vertical exaggeration by clicking on the pick box in the frame entitled Display Controls. Buttons also enable Pan, Zoom to Extents and Zoom to Window for the view window. The Offset and Level are reported as the mouse pointer is moved inside the cross section view window. The Cut/Fill Display Controls at the top right control the display of the slope conditions applied (in cut or fill) to a user defined depth below or above the C.L. Click on the radio button for Show Fill Conditions to see the subgrade and batter slopes in fill.
Create and Edit Controls

Designers can create or delete templates by clicking on the Adding or editing the geometry for the cross section is best managed via the following controls:

button.

This collection of tools enable creation and editing of the cross section components: Create Batter Conditions - assigns the default slope conditions to apply to the template. Create Section - use this to create either: a single section between two labels, with subgrade layers a 'kerb' section consisting of multiple labels, including subgrade Edit Subgrade for Section - use this to edit the subgrade layers for sections or kerbs in the template

To change the offsets or slope/vertical conditions, simply overtype values in the data entry grid.
Widening a Typical Cross Section (Template)

Step 3: For the first line (Leg 1), click in the cell under the Column entitled Horizontal Distance on the left side and change the value to 3.5m. As soon as you move to another cell you will notice that the cross section viewer updates to show the change in pavement width on the left hand side of the template. Make the same adjustment to the Horizontal Distance on the right hand side (the green cell). You have just created a 7.0m wide road (measured pavement to pavement edge) by editing the Local Metric Road template. Note: Designers can create Local or Public Cut/Fill Display Controls at the top right control the display of the slope conditions applied (in cut or fill) to a user defined depth below or above the C.L. Templates. Here are the differences: Local Template: this template resides with the current project only and is able to be used in the current project. You use Local templates to provide typical cross sections to your road. Public Template: this template resides in the ARD 'common' path and is always available to view, edit or copy in ANY project. These templates are your permanent library of typical cross sections. A public template CANNOT be applied to a particular project, but a Local copy can be made.

Creating a New Template

Let's create a new template for Marin Street.

Step 4: Click on the button option New Local and click OK.

Template Options to display a list of Template controls. From the List select the

The following form will display

Step 5: Type in a new template name of Marin 6m and click OK. The Template Editor will now display the new Local Template Marin 6m.

Creating a New Section

Step 5: To create a new Section, click on the button

Create Section. This will open the following form:

This form provides a simple interface for creating each segment of the template, with the subgrade layers being defined at the same time as setting the geometry of the top surface.

Step 6: As highlighted, set up a new Section with the following parameters: Top Surface Geometry: Label name: EB (the software will automatically put a prefix of L or R on the label when it is created, to define it on the left or right side of the C.L.) Width of Leg: 3m Applied Slope %: -3% Subgrade Layers:

Fill in the table as shown. Type in a Depth for each layer and use the pick box to assign a material (click here to find out more about creating your own materials) Leave the default to apply this new Section to Both sides of the Template and tick On the option to Plot Label. The Plot Label option specifies whether: the label will be shown on the cross section views in the Template Editor, Vertical Grading Editor or Design Data form, and offsets and levels are plotted on the cross sections for this segment label Tick it ON to plot the label or Off to hide the label. Note: By default the subgrade layers are set to be parallel to the segment and stops/starts at the extents of the segment with a vertical line. The Subgrade Layer Adjustments tools enable the user to extend the subgrade out in fill conditions, change the vertical slope at the extents, have non-parallel layers and also extend the subgrade to match the sampled surface. These tools are explored in Tutorial 5.

Special Note: You can use the command button Edit Section to adjust the subgrade conditions for any selected segment. Step 7: Click on OK to create the new section.

The new sections are displayed in the cross section viewer. The data entry grid documents the geometry of the top surface for this segment.

Users can readily adjust the offset (horizontal distance), slope or vertical distance and whether it is set to Plot. Note: Since the subgrade layers are 'connected' to the label pairs, adjusting the label name will cause the subgrade to be removed from the affected section/s. Special Note: For this tutorial, the labels LEB and REB are used for connection of kerb returns, cul-de-sacs and knuckles.

Creating Kerb and Channel

Step 8: Although this can be done via other means, there is a single command button to create a Kerb section. To create new Kerb and Channel, click on the button Create Kerb. This will open the following form: This form provides a simple interface for creating kerb and channel

Step 9: As highlighted, set up a new kerb and channel with the following parameters: Top Surface Geometry: Fill in the table under Define Kerb Shape Parameters as shown for the Invert, Top and Back of Kerb Subgrade Layers: Fill in the table as shown under Define Sudgrade Layers. Leave the default to apply this new Section to Both sides of the Template.

Special Note: Use the command button Edit Kerb to adjust the subgrade conditions for a selected Kerb section.

Step 10: Click on OK to create the new kerb and channel:

The kerb and channel is created from the addition of three new Sections, including assignment of subgrade layers. Note the .15m extension behind the back of kerb, as specified.

Users can readily adjust the offset (horizontal distance), slope or vertical distance and whether it is set to Plot. The data entry and resulting view output have been highlighted for clarity.

Creating Naturestrip and Footpath

Step 11: Create a naturestrip and footpath using the same process as for creating the pavement sections: Naturestrip 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Click on the Create Section button New Label: FPI (Footpath Inner) Width of Leg: 1m Applied Slope (%): 5% Tick ON the option Plot Label Leave all other defaults and click OK

Footpath

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Click on the Create Section button New Label: FPO (Footpath Outer) Width of Leg: 2.5m Applied Slope (%): 2.5% Tick ON the option Plot Label Under Subgrade Layers 1. Layer 1 Depth: 0.1m 2. Material: Concrete

The cross section template is complete except for batter slopes.

Creating Slope Conditions

The typical cross section includes default slope conditions to match up with the sampled (natural) surface. Step 12: To create slopes for the template:
Left Side Batters Right Side Batters

Click on the button Left Side to create slope projections for the left side of the template.

Click on the button the right side of the template.

Right Side to create slope projections for

Using the pick box, the designer can set the type of slope/daylighting conditions to apply. Leave this at Single which is the default Type in a Cut Slope 1:1 and a Fill Slope 1:1. Then click on OK to apply the batter conditions.

Fill in the form as shown above and click OK.

Note: The Cut/Fill Display Controls at the top right control the display of the slope conditions applied (in cut or fill) to a user defined depth below or above the C.L. The Template is now complete and is displayed below:

Slopes are being displayed to a depth of 2m in Cut. Use the toggle in the Cut/Fill Display Controls at the top right to change the depth of cut displayed or to show the template in fill conditions. Step 13: Click on OK on the Template Editor to exit the form.

Creating a New Road

To create your first road, follow the following steps: Step 14: Start the command by clicking on the icon or selecting [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road] from the menu.

At the command line you will be prompted to Select required road alignment. Click on or around the alignment of Marin Street. Note: Advanced Road Design (ARD) finds the alignment by searching for the one nearest to the selected point. It is not essential to snap to the alignment, and a list will be presented if more than one alignment is found within a reasonable offset from the selected point. This displays the Add Road form: The Alignment Name is used for the Road Name and is displayed at the top of the form. Leave the Road Type to the default. Using the pick box next to Select Template, choose Marin 6m to define the cross sections applied to the Road.

Designers can select any Civil 3D surface as the 'Sampling Surface' for the Road - this will be treated as the 'natural' surface levels in the Vertical Grading Editor (below). Leave the Select Sampling Surface to the default. The general cross section sampling is controlled by changing the spacing across the Tangents, Arc Segments and Spiral Segments along the alignment for now accept the defaults. Note: The software will automatically include a cross section sample at the geometry points. Click on Set Section Widths to change the width displayed in the Cross Section Display window on the Vertical Grading Editor. Click on Use Layers to add cross section sampling based on the start/end of lines in the drawing on the layer AR-Chainages. Note: This command button will ONLY be displayed if the layer AR-Chainages exists in the drawing Step 15: Click on Add Extra Sampling to change the cross section sampling over a selected chainage range and to add individual cross section sample points:

Improve the cross section sampling between Chainage 80 and 120 by reducing the Spacing to 2m, as shown above. Click OK to exit this form.

Special Note: There are other settings that control the behaviour of the Road - click here for more information.

10

Step 16: Leave all other options to the defaults and click on Create/Update to create the Road. This will exit the form and display yellow lines on the screen at the sampled cross section location; and open up the Vertical Grading Editor for you to do a vertical grading on the Road centreline

Creating a Vertical Alignment

The Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) will be immediately displayed with a fitted vertical grading (design profile):

This is the Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) with the model view in the background. In the drawing, the green marker 'tracks' the location of the mouse pointer in the VGE . The yellow lines represent the cross section sampling along the road. The VGE is the central interface for designing the vertical grading (profile) in ARD for any and all Roads, Kerb Returns, Cul-de-sac, Knuckles, Roundabouts and Profiles. This screen provides complete information about the vertical grading and provides a comprehensive design interface for creating and editing your design vertical grading. The software has automatically done a 'first pass' design to generate a best fit grading matching closely to the samples surface levels. Design IP's (yellow dots) are created with tangents between (yellow lines) and parabolic vertical curves (cyan curves) across the IP's. The sampled (NS) surface is represented by a green line.

Viewing Your Cross Sections

Step 17: To view your cross sections click on the Display Cross Sections icon located on the left hand side of the VGE:

11

Cross Section Viewer Display Controls

The cross section view can be resized and repositioned by using the command buttons at the bottom left corner of the VGE. By default, the cross section viewer will display to the right of the VGE. Display different cross sections by right clicking in the VGE window. There is also a pick list showing the current cross section chainage, to select the cross section you want to view. Cross Section details include: Design surface - shown blue Natural surface - shown green Design labels Cross Section grades (toggle on the box next to the % symbol, as shown above Offsets and levels when the mouse pointer is inside the cross section viewer Cross sections automatically and dynamically update as you make changes in the Vertical Grading (profile). Note: You can edit the applied template and create more templates by clicking on the Create/Edit Templates button.

Cross Section Design

An appropriate cross section was designed prior to and applied at the time of creating the Marin Road, inclusive of batter slopes. You can control what templates and slope conditions are applied to the road via the Design Data Form. Step 18: From the VGE click on the Design Data form:

12

The Design Data Listing area displays all the applied data to the cross sections. The viewer down the bottom shows the actual cross section for the selected chainage. You should use the pick box under the Display Controls heading to toggle through the cross sections to view the output of the applied design data. Only one Template has been applied. You could add more by clicking on the heading Template Data in the data listing and then the Add/Remove Data button. For the moment leave the current controls as they are - we will revisit this area of the software in Tutorial 2 to initiate local adjustments in the cross sections. Step 19: Click Save and Exit to exit the Design Data form and return to the VGE . Step 20: Save and exit the VGE by clicking on OK. This will return you to the drawing window of Civil 3D.

Congratulations! You have just completed your first simple road design.

Changing the Vertical Alignment

It is imperative that you become familiar and proficient with the various IP editing tools available in the Vertical Grading Editor (VGE). Whether creating a Road, Kerb Return, Cul-de-sac, Knuckle or other road object, the Vertical Grading Editor enables editing of the vertical geometry (as well as the cross sections) This tutorial will form an introduction to the various tools available to design the vertical grading to suit your requirements.

Opening the Vertical Grading Editor

Step 21: To open the Vertical Grading Editor click on the Note: You can also click on the icon The command prompt will read: icon or select [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road] from the menu.

to obtain an immediate list of available roads to open.

Step 22: Click on the Road alignment for Marin Street. Alternatively, press Enter to obtain a list of all Road objects created. Select the Road from the list.

13

The Vertical Grading Editor for Marin will immediately open:

The Vertical Grading Editor - Interface

The VGE is the design centre for your roads - from here you can edit the vertical grading and make all adjustments to the cross sections such as: create/edit and apply templates, adjust batter slopes, very cross section widths/slopes, widen onto alignments and more. A view of the VGE is shown below, with notations highlighting the different design components within the editor window:

The details of the VGE are fully covered in the Vertical Grading Editor command within this Help system.
General Navigation and Display Controls

By default, the vertical alignment is shown from the start to the end of the alignment. The software also undertakes an automated vertical grading 'best fit' inclusive of vertical curves. You can navigate within the vertical grading design window using the following command icons in the VGE: , Zoom in and out by a fixed ratio Put the whole road length in the VGE Zoom to a window Pan around (it is easier to hold down and drag the middle mouse button to pan) The VGE form can be resized vertically and horizontally simply by grabbing an edge of the form and dragging to the preferred location. The entire window and also be moved around by clicking and dragging the top bar. The window can also be minimised and set to full screen using the buttons at the top right. The Zoom Road icon will zoom the AutoCAD drawing to show the entire road. The VGE form does not preclude you from zooming, panning or even running commands in Civil 3D.
Controlling the Display of Information

Certain information within the VGE can be turned on and off and can be resized. Control of the information displayed is from the Active Drawing Settings when the Road is created. To change the information displayed click on the icon at the top left. The Profile Editor Settings form will

14

display:

For this exercise, experiment by toggling on and off different display items in the form and clicking OK. The Maximum Grade for Warning and Minimum Grade for Warning will highlight when grades to the left and/or right of an IP are outside of these grade limits. When the grade display box is RED, the minimum or maximum grade limit has not been met. For this tutorial, the settings shown (left) are to be applied to the VGE window.

Creating a Vertical Grading

Getting Started

At this stage, the 'best fit' vertical grading is applied to Marin Street and includes vertical curves and IP's to best match the existing surface levels.

Step 23: Remove the 'best fit' design by clicking on the IP at the end, both matching to the sampled surface.

button. This will remove all the IP's and reinstate an IP at the start of the Road and an

Creating IP's

Let's add some design IP's to improve the design: Step 24: Click on the Create IP icon. At the prompt to select a location for the new IP, click somewhere on the VGE window near Chainage 80 and close to the sampled surface (green line).

15

The following form will display: Step 25: Confirm that you are happy with the Chainage and Level - as the designer you are able to set whatever Chainage and Level suits. Enter a Vertical Curve Length of 40m and click OK.

An IP is inserted on screen with the chainage, level and vertical curve specified. The vertical curve is represented in cyan, with tangents displaying yellow. All level information in the VGE is updated to reflect the new vertical grading. Additionally, if displayed, the vertical curve length will also be displayed in the design window.

Special Note: The Maximum Length displays the largest vertical curve length that can be specified without overlapping other IP's or other vertical

16

curves. The K Length displays the minimum vertical curve length to be applied to achieve the minimum K value set in the Profile Editor Settings form. If a vertical curve is not required then leave the vertical curve Length set to 0.01.

Step 26: Add another IP by clicking on the

Create IP icon.

This time the IP will be created to ensure a grade of 0.7% from the IP just inserted to this new IP. To do this: Step 27: Set the following parameters: Chainage: 130m. Set the chainage where the IP will be inserted Vertical Curve Length: 40m Under Grade Selection tick ON the option Set In Grade: This will grey out the Level field and enable the In Grade field. The level will be adjusted when the IP is created to guarantee the specified incoming grade to the IP, THEN In Grade: -0.7%. The incoming grade to the IP will be -.7% Click on OK to create the next IP.

Two new IP's have been created, with a -.7% slope between, as specified. It is always helpful to note the grades between IP's and the IP levels. The grade information in the design window will identify grades between IPs. Designers can also hover their mouse pointer in the drawing to obtain specific details on the IP in the VGE window, immediately above the OK button:

17

Note here the details of IP number 2 (the second IP from the left) is shown and describes the Chainage, Level and Grades (left and right of the IP). The colour of the boxes identify if the IP is within (green) our outside (red) specified maximum and minimum grade tolerances (set in the Profile Editor Settings form). Step 28: Time to experiment. Add an additional IP near the end of Marin Street to generally match the sampled surface. Either use the command or try one of the following alternatives for creating an IP: Create IP

Insert IP on the Surface at a Cross Section: Click near a sampled cross section to create a new IP with level matching the sampled surface level Insert IP on the Surface: Click to create a new IP with level matching the sampled surface level Don't worry about making any mistakes - a range of IP editing tools are covered below.
Editing and Deleting IP's

The IP editing tools are all collected together on the VGE window:

Step 29: If not currently displayed, click on the viewer. GRAPHICAL EDITS

Display Cross Sections icon located on the left hand side of the VGE to show the cross section

Step 30: Graphically edit your IP at chainage 80 by clicking on the Free Move Icon. At the prompt select the IP near Chainage 80 and graphically move the IP - it will move anywhere until the vertical curve will overlap another IP or vertical curve. If you right click on the VGE window while moving the IP to see the nearest cross section - note how the cross section dynamically updates as the IP is moved. Click on the IP again to complete the command and store the new location of the IP. Step 31: Explore the other GRAPHICAL editing tools by clicking on the icon, then clicking on the IP. Simply click on the IP again to complete the command: Move IP left/right only and constrain vertical movement Move IP up/down only and constrain horizontal movement Slide IP on grade. Select left or right of the IP to slide the IP along the grade (left or right, pending which side of the IP is selected) line. NUMERIC EDITS Step 32: To change and IP by numerical input, click on the Edit IP icon and select and IP on the screen to edit:

All the fields that are not greyed out can be edited. This is exactly the same form displayed at the time of creating the IP. Designers must use this form to edit the Vertical Curve Length. Make any changes as desired and click OK.

Step 33: Explore some of the other NUMERIC editing tools by clicking on the icon and following the prompts. Click on an IP to set its level by ensuring that the design passes through a point defined by a chainage and level (set by you). This will enable the raise/lower of all IP's in the design by a specified amount This will raise/lower all IP's by a fixed amount to achieve a specified overall volume of cut or fill for the road

18

This will raise/lower IP's by a fixed increment - type in the increment value required. Note: Subject to ticking on the option Show Volumes on the Profile Editor Settings form, a volume table will be displayed and updated as you move the IP up and down. DELETING IP's You can delete IP's at any time by clicking on the
Undoing Mistakes

Delete IP icon and selecting the IP on screen.

If a mistake is made, use the

Undo icon to restore the vertical grading back.

Outputs From the Vertical Grading Editor

You can obtain outputs from your road design as you are editing. Once you have created a first pass or make a change to the vertical grading you can:

Show Design Extents

Step 34: Click on the the sampled surface. Draw Batters In Plan icon to draw the batter extents in the drawing window. This will show there the slope projections match to

Create a Design Surface

It is often desirable to see the output of your design as a surface model. With ARD this is a single button click exercise. Step 34: Click on the Create Road Contours icon to create a Civil 3D surface model of the current road design:

The surface is created in Civil 3D, including trimming the boundary edges.

Note: This creates a single road model. To obtain a trimmed model accounting for intersections designed, use the following commands: Auto Model: Creates a single trimmed model of all Roads, Kerb Returns, Knuckles and Roundabouts. Auto Model Datum: As above, but models the datum (bottom of the subgrade) as a Civil 3D surface Your surface contours should show with two shades of blue.

Create a Volume Report

Volume reports can be generated at any time for the road you are designing. The volume report includes stripping volumes, pavement volumes, and cut and fill volumes for the road being designed. A breakdown for the different subgrade pavement layers is included.

19

To generate a report: Step 35: Click on the Compute Volumes icon from the VGE : A message will be displayed to confirm that the report has been created, as well as the saved location. A Wordpad file is generated (shown left) detailing the volume of cut and fill and the material volumes for the subgrade layers.

Use the X at the top right of the Wordpad form to close the Volume Report - if this is not done, then the volume report will not be updated if you run the Compute Volumes command again. Note: the volume report can include allowance for stripping material and compaction factors on cut and fill material. This is explored below. For a more comprehensive report you can open the Volume Report ([Roads]-[Reports]-[Volumes]) tools. See below for more details.

Allowance for Strip Volumes and Compaction Factors

Many designers need to allow for stripping of topsoil from the site prior to road construction and also to account for bulking factors on cut and fill materials. These can be set from the Design Data form: Step 36: From the VGE click on the Design Data icon:

Step 37: Add a Stripping Data condition by first clicking on the row named Stripping Data

Step 38: Click on the button Add/Remove Data to add a new stripping condition Step 39: At the form the displays, click on the button Add Entry. Now the data editor opens for you to determine the stripping conditions required:

20

Step 40: The data editor on the right will display. Type in a Start Chainage and End Chainage to apply the stripping, as well as a Strip Depth at the start and end. Step 41: Click on Update Current Data to add this data entry. It will be listed as a row of information under the Stripping Data heading.

Step 42: Follow Steps 37-41, with the following differences: Highlight Volume Factors as the design data type Apply the following bulking factors with parameters as shown, right (or other bulking factors, as desired) Note: On update of the data the summary list on the left will include an entry under the heading Volume Factors. Simply click on the entry on the left to see and edit the detailed data on the right. Step 43: Click on Save and Exit to exit the form. Step 44: Click on the Compute Volumes icon and note the adjustments in the volume report

Note the Stripping Volume - this represents 100mm of material removed from the surface prior to construction works commencing.

The Total cut and Total fill quantities are also affected by this removal of material prior to cut, fill and compaction of material for the road pavement.

Balancing Earthworks
It is often desired to balance earthworks for each Road. To achieve this for a particular road:

21

Step 45: From the VGE click on the

icon. The following form will display:

Type in 0 (zero) as the cumulative cut/fill volume and click on OK

You should notice all the IP's move up or down to achieve the requested volume output. Step 46: Click on the close to zero): Compute Volumes icon to generate a new volume report - in the final summary the cumulative volume will be zero (or very

Important Note: As part of the automated intersection design tools, the software will automatically set IP levels to match the cross section of any main roads - if IP's in the vicinity of the main road are edited, the edits will be overwritten when the intersection levels are recomputed. Step 47: Make any other adjustments to the vertical grading as desired, then click on OK to exit the Vertical Grading Editor. The next steps are to generate plotting outputs and analyse other reports.

Plotting Long Sections

Initiating a Long Section Plot
Step 48: Click on the Plot Long Sections icon to create a long section output of the road. At the prompt, click on the Marin alignment.

You can control which long sections will plot by creating a list of sections to plot. To do this click on the Edit Selected Sections List button.

This will open the following form:

Here you can select which sections will be used for Setout, Cross Section and Long Section plotting. Note: By default, the Extra Sections added in at the time of creating the road

22

are set to not plot.

Leave as defaults and click on Apply and Exit. This will return you to the form to select the section list to plot:

Click on Selected Sections in this instance to proceed with the plot.

23

Use the icon to draw a 'window' around the area of interest in the PlotPreview layout. Before selecting the window you can use your wheel mouse button to zoom and pan around the drawing. To zoom the entire plot preview layout click on the icon. Use the pick list to preview different pages that will be generated for the long section - the software automatically splits the long section over multiple sheets as required.
Saving your Plot Styles

One of the most important functions within the Long Section plot form is the ability to SAVE your plot style configuration for re-use. The functionality to save and recall saved plot style is contained in the lower portion of the Long Section plot form

Output Controls
There are a wide variety of options to change the output details of the long section plot. You are strongly encouraged to explore the options available to meet your drafting standards. For this Tutorial we will make adjustments in selected areas of the Long Section plot by accessing some of the tabs at the top of the form. Details in the General, Fonts and Surfaces tabs will be adjusted to change the output plot:
General Tab

Step 48: Click on the General tab and input the following details: Change the horizontal scale (X Scale 1:) to 250. Change the vertical scale (Y Scale 1:) to 50. Change the Bottom Margin to 20. Select the Title Block 'A1 Title' from the pick list. Note: See below for details on adding your own Title Blocks.

24

Click on the button Update Display to view the changes

The profile now spans over two sheets and is contained inside a Title block.

Surfaces Tab

The Surfaces tab contains all the controls for displaying row data at the bottom of the long section, as well as the vertical grading lines showing the levels along each feature (defined as an offset from the C.L, a String/Profile or Label). Here we will add vertical curve and grade information for the design centreline, extra rows for the Cut/Fill depths and display the left and right edge of bitumen levels. The table lists the applied row/profile data - the Add Rows/Bands data area enables you to add extra row/profile data. You can also re-order the rows using the Move Up and Move Down buttons:

Step 50: Add Vertical Curve and Grade information to the profile for the Design C.L. by: Clicking on the last line in the table representing the profile assigned to the Design C.L. Clicking on the Edit button Using the pick box below highlighted above and changing it to Show VC and Grades. This will identify that the VC and Grade information should be displayed for the design C.L. You could also change the Heading as desired - this controls the name for the row displayed Next to Plot Selection, use the pick box to assign the LPLOT-DESIGN-CL layer to display the design centreline profile Click OK to apply the changes. Step 51: Change the assigned layer for the Existing surface profile by: Clicking on the second line and clicking on the Edit button Using the pick box next to Plot Selection to assign the LPLOT-EXIST-CL layer to this profile and click OK The data list will appear as follows:

25

Step 54: Add a row for the Left Edge of the Road by clicking on the

button located under the Add Rows/Bands heading:

Fill in the details as shown and click OK.

Step 55: Add a row for the Right Edge of the Road by clicking on the

button located under the Add Rows/Bands heading:

26

Fill in the details as shown and click OK.

Step 56: Add a row for the Cut/Fill depth by clicking on the

button located under the Add Rows/Bands heading:

Tick ON to apply a Profile and use the pick list to select Marin as the profile to obtain Cut/Fill levels. Set the Heading as desired and click OK.

Step 57: Exit the Profile bands form by clicking OK. Click on the Update Display button to refresh the plot preview. Note the extra rows of data and the new long section lines.

27

Fonts etc Tab

This step will alter the colour of the grade line and Vertical curve information. Step 58: Click on the Fonts tab and input the following details:

Many of the permanent components of the long section plot can be set to particular layers. To achieve this, simply use the pick box to change the Text Layer and Line Layer for the different components. In this case, set the Profile Grades and Profile VC Length to use the layer LPLOT-GRADE-TEXT.

Click OK to exit the form and then Update Display to review the changes. Note how the grade text information is adjusted based on the colour and linetype of the selected layer.

Note: See below for more information on setting up the plotting layers.

Updating the Display

Click on the button Update Display to apply all the changes to the long section plot:

28

Before Changes

After Changes

Saving and Loading Plot Styles

At the bottom of the Long Section plot form are the options to Save Style and Load Style. Step 59: Click on the button Save Style and provide a name - you can now use the option Load Style at any time to recall this style of long section plot display.

Plotting the Long Section

Step 60: Once you are happy with the display click on the Plot to Layout button to plot the long sections to a series of sheets (Layouts) in the drawing the software will automatically create as many sheets as necessary to cater for the length of the road, horizontal scale and plottable area on each sheet. A plan view of the long section is also automatically created in the upper section of the layout - this can be deleted or modified pending user requirements.

29

Note the output is to a standard Layout in AutoCAD, enabling full drafting control

Plotting Cross Sections

Initiating a Cross Section Plot
Step 61: Click on the Plot Cross Sections icon to create cross section outputs for the road. At the prompt, click on the Marin alignment.

Click on Selected Sections to proceed with the plot. Note: By default, the Extra Sections added in at the time of creating the road are set to not plot.

Use the

icon to draw a 'window' around the area of interest in the PlotPreview layout and click on the

icon to zoom to the entire extents.

Use the pick lists under Display Control to preview different pages or different sampled chainages that will be generated for the cross section.
Saving your Plot Styles

30

One of the most important functions within the Cross Section plot form is the ability to SAVE your plot style configuration for re-use. The functionality to save and recall saved plot style is contained in the lower portion of the Cross Section plot form

Output Controls
There are a wide variety of options to change the output details of the cross section plot. You are strongly encouraged to explore the options available to meet your drafting standards. For this Tutorial we will make adjustments in selected areas of the Cross Section plot by accessing some of the tabs at the top of the form. Details in the Options, General and Crossfalls tabs will be adjusted to change the output plot:
Options Tab

Step 62: Click on the Assign Plotting Layers button to assign layers to feature objects in the cross section plot. Use the pick lists under the headings Text Layer and Line Layer to assign the ARD defined layers to the selected objects. Change the line and text layers for the Items as noted below:

Note: Users can create their own layers to apply on the cross section plots. From the Options tab, click on the Set Plotting Layers button to create new or edit existing layers. See below for more information on setting up the plotting layers. Step 63: Click on OK to exit this form.

General Tab

Crossfalls Tab

Step 64: Click on the General Tab and set to match below:

Step 65: Click on the Crossfalls Tab and set to match below:

31

Updating the Display

Step 65: Click on the button Update Display to apply all the changes to the long section plot: Before Changes After Changes

Note: The colours have been adjusted and cross section details are now displayed on the cross section.

Saving the Plot Style

Step 66: Click on the button Save Style and provide a name - you can now use the option Load Style at any time to recall this style of long section plot display.

Plotting the Cross Sections

Step 67: Once you are happy with the display click on the Plot to Layout button to plot the cross sections to a series of sheets (Layouts) in the drawing the software will automatically create as many sheets as necessary to cater for the cross section widths, horizontal and vertical scale and plottable area on each sheet.

32

Note the output is to a standard Layout in AutoCAD, enabling full drafting control

Information - Setting Up Your Plotting Layers

Users can set up their own layers for the different components of the Long Section and Cross Section Plots. These settings can be made globally (to affect all future projects) or locally (for just the current project). The process is as follows: Click on [Roads]-[Settings]-[ Set Plotting Layers] command:

Users can set up the layers for either the Cross Section or Long Section plotting. Use the option This Project to set layers for the current project only. Use the option Project Defaults to set the layers you want as the default layers in new projects.

On clicking OK the user is then able to customise layer names, colours and linetypes.

Simply type in a Layer Name for the drawing. Click on the Colour cell to set the colour for the layer and click on the Line Type layer to set the linetype. Note: Users can set up the list of linetypes from the command [Roads][Settings]-[ Edit Plot Plan Feature Line Settings].

Once you have set the layers for the current project then they can be applied at the time of plotting.

33

Information - Adding a Title Block

At the time of plotting, users can simply use a pick box to select a Title Block to use as a frame and to set the plotting area of the long and cross sections. The full details of creating a Title Block for use in ARD is covered elsewhere in this Help System, however the general process is as follows: 1. draw your title block (.dwg), with the lover left corner at 0,0, and save it to the ARD Common folder. 2. Start the command [Roads]-[Settings]-[Edit Title block Settings] . This will open up a simple text file that specifies ,on two lines, the name of the title block (Line 1) and the plotting extents (Line 2)

The sketch to the left indicates how the software operates. You reference in a drawing file and set the plottable area with the bottom left corner (x1,y1) and top right corner (x2,y2). This is expressed in the file as follows:

Setout
Step 68: Start the command by clicking on the icon or selecting [Roads]-[Setout] from the menu.

At the command line you will be prompted to Select required road alignment. Click on or around the alignment of Marin Street. The following form will display: Step 69: Click on Selected Sections to proceed with the setout.

The setout form will then display for you to control the method of setout and drafting controls.

Output Controls

34

Use the top left pick boxes to select the cross section features (labels) to set out.

The tick boxes mid left control what you want to include in the setout, both in the drawing and in any table/s or external file. The mid left area is dedicated to controlling the size and location of text and lines created as part of the setout. The top right area enables the user to choose the spacings for the setout. The bottom right area is used to select the Setout Method. Step 70: Make the following adjustments as shown, left Set Out Point: LEB and REB Offset to Text: 10 units left and right (this will offset the setout point label from the actual marker location) Tick on the following options Draw Offset - draws an arrow from the label to the marker Show PN - will display the point number as the label Circle Number - will circle the point number Save to File - makes an external file of the points Text Table - puts a simple table in the drawing of the setout Font: Set to ICOCP.shx. Step 71: Leave all the other settings to the defaults and click Create Setout.

Setout Output
The points for the LEB and REB label, at each section in the Selected Sections list, are now drawn. Point numbers are applied by the software, working from the Initial Point No of 1. A simple table is also created, which the user can shuffle around the drawing where desired.

35

Getting More out of Setout

There is a methodology for outputting the setout into Civil 3D as Civil 3D point objects. This has significant benefits in drafting control of the output. Please click here for more information.

Reports
There are a wide variety of reports available and users are encouraged to investigate the options:

A subset of the reports will be applied as part of this Tutorial.

Volume Report
Step 72: Start the command by clicking on the icon or selecting [Roads]-[Reports]-[Volumes] from the menu.

Step 73: Road Selection heading - note that the report option is to obtain a volume report for all created Roads. Leave this as default.

36

Step 74: Under Output Options tick on the following: Subgrade by chainage Subgrade by material totals Section by Section Report for bulk earthworks Step 75: Click on OK to create the report

Here is a sample of the file. Displayed up the top is the bulk earthworks calculations. Displayed centre is the subgrade by chainage Displayed at the bottom is the materials totals.

37

Cross Section Listing

Step 76: Start the command by clicking on the icon or selecting [Roads]-[Reports]-[Cross Section Listing] from the menu.

To control the listing, select items from each of the frames. By Chainage lists all the selected surfaces at the one chainage together. by Surface list each surface individually. If you don't have any surfaces toggled on under Select Surface the software will list the chainages, centreline co-ordinates, bearing and radius only. Step 77: Choose By Chainage, show the Natural Surface and Design Surface, leave the Chainages and Show data as default and click OK. A Wordpad document is created for designer review.

Vertical Curve Listing

Step 78: Start the command by clicking on the icon or selecting [Roads]-[Reports]-[Vertical Curve Listing] from the menu.

The Wordpad report displays the IP levels and Vertical Curve lengths for the Road.

38

Congratulations!
You have now completed a simple road design including documentation of your design.

Other Drafting Outputs

Plot Plan Features
It is often desired to plot the road layout in the drawing, with the opportunity to set layers based on the labels of the cross section elements. To do this: Step 80: Click on the icon or start the command [Roads]-[Plot Plan of Road].

Step 81: At the command prompt, click on the Marin Road alignment.

For clarity in the picture (left) the surface display has been turned off.

Note the lines drafted in the drawing on different layers and with different colours. Note: The user can control the layers that are used for each label - please see the command information. Edit Plot Plan Features Line Settings for more

Quick Drawing Cleanup

Step 82: It is easy to quickly tidy up drafting in the drawing that has been created by ARD (such as the cross section sample lines). To do this click on the icon or start the command [Roads]-[Utilities]-[Clean Up]. The following form will display: Step 83: Tick on the drafting you want to delete from the drawing. Tick on the options shown.

39

Step 84: Click OK to delete the selected drafting lines. Before After

Step 83: Use the AutoCAD menu command [File]-[Save] to save your drawing. You can use this same drawing for Tutorial 2.

Summary
In this tutorial you have learnt

Road Design Tools The main components of the ARD user interface How to create and apply cross section templates How to create a Road Methods to design the Road Centreline Profile via the Vertical Grading Editor

Outputs How to generate a Volume summary report That you can display the road extents (batter lines) of the design at any time How to create a Civil 3D surface of the road design The controls to plot long sections cross sections How to set out the design data for drafting presentation and upload to survey equipment About some of the different design reports for the road

40

Tutorial 2 - Simple Road Design - Adjusting the Cross Sections

Tutorial Overview
In green field sites where there are few or no constraints, road design often includes a constant cross section shape running the full length of the road. On many jobs, however, there are environmental, financial and other constraints that need to be considered in the road design. This inevitably leads to localised adjustments to the cross sections along the road. The cross section widths may need to change, the crossfalls may need to be adjusted, retaining walls may need to be included for some sections, or batters may need to extend onto a pre-defined alignment (such as a property boundary). Footpaths may need to be set to match the existing surface levels. Saw cut points may need to be a set distance above the road surface. In Advanced Road Design (ARD) a wide range of tools are included to make numerous adjustments to cross sections where required along the road - this tutorial will explore some of these tools. Note: Some real-life applications of the cross section controls learnt here, as well as independent longitudinal control of the cross section labels, will be covered in the Road Reconstruction tutorials.

Goals
Understand how cross sections are applied to a road and that there are many methods to make adjustments Learn how to Use Templates to adjust the cross sections Change slope projection conditions Remove sections from the cross section where required Locally vary the width and/or slope of part of the cross section where required Insert new sections into the cross section Stretch a section of the cross section onto an alignment Drape a label onto a surface Time required: 30 minutes

Project Data Introduction

This tutorial follows on from Tutorial 1. Before you Start - If required, please start Civil 3D 2008 and re-open the saved drawing file C:/CADAPPS Training Data/Civil 3D 2008/ARD2008/Simple_Road_Design.dwg. Note: if you have not saved the drawing you can open the drawing file named Simple_Road_Design-Tutorial2.dwg The focus of this design is on methods to locally edit the cross sections as desired for the Marin Road alignment. The current project status is shown below: Highlighted in this screen image is Marin Street with the current surface output - notations on this image indicate some of the design changes that are required for the cross sections.

It is intended to adjust the cross sections to: change the pavement and footpath widths near the start of the road (not shown on the sketch) change slope projection conditions along the road (not shown on the sketch) remove the footpath along a partial length of the road linearly vary the width/crossfall of the road along the road, to manually superelevate the road control the offset of the southern side of the pavement using an alignment insert a retaining wall along the northern side of the road, between the footpath and the back of kerb (not shown on the sketch) extend the batter on the southern side to match the building line (not shown on the sketch) drape the inside edge of the footpath (closest to the road) onto the surface along a partial length of the road Notes: Automated superelevation processes will be covered in the Rural Road Design tutorial. Table drains are covered in the Rural Road Design tutorial. Some of the Variation controls will be explored as part of the Road Reconstruction tutorials

Design Data and the Cross Section Editor

There are many different ways to control the cross sections along a road - each designer will have a preference for different methods, and some methods are better in certain design situations. The options covered here are to explain to you some of the core functions to make adjustments to your cross sections. The Design Data Form is the centralised area for applying adjustments to the cross sections

Opening the Design Data Form

Step 1: Open the Vertical Grading Editor by clicking on the Note: You can also click on the icon icon or selecting [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road] from the menu.

to obtain an immediate list of available roads to open.

Step 2: At the prompt, click on the Road alignment for Marin Street. Alternatively, press Enter to obtain a list of all Road objects created. Select the Road from the list and click OK. The Vertical Grading Editor for Marin will immediately open: Step 3: From the VGE click on the Design Data form:

The top left form details all the data that has been added to the cross sections (known as the Data Listing ). Click on a + sign to expand out each data input type and view the applied data. The top right form is a dynamic Data Editor form - it will display the details of data highlighted on the left and enables editing of the data. Use the ? to graphically select the Start Chainage or End Chainage from the drawing. The viewer down the bottom displays the actual cross sections resulting from application of the design data. The Display Controls include tools to navigate the viewer - the most important one is the pick box under the title Select Chainage to Display. Use the pick box to show the cross section at any sampled location along the Road. Step 44: Click on the Save and Exit button to exit the form - we will revisit it shortly to apply some new data. Special Notes: The Legacy commands are supported and can be displayed in the Design Data form. For this tutorial only the commands most relevant to the current version of the software are displayed. The command button Select Display List on the Design Data form provides the designer with the ability to turn on/off any of the available commands. For a full list of the commands available refer to the Vertical Grading Editor command in the Help system.

Applying Multiple Templates

One of the easiest and most fundamental methods of adjusting the cross sections is to apply different cross section Templates to the road - each template can signify a change in cross section slopes, new features (such as a median) or widening of sections of the Template. Within ARD users can apply templates wherever they need to along the Road length.

Design Concept
In this case, let's assume that the first 40 metres of the road requires widened footpaths on both sides (2.5m wide) and with a different crossfall slope off the back of kerb (10% slope instead of 2.5%). It is an easy proposition in this case to create a new Template with these features and then apply it to the right location along the road:

Create the Template

The first step is to create a different Template (typical cross section) you want to apply.

Step 5: From the VGE click on the

icon to open the Template Editor:

Step 6: Use the Select Template button to select and display the Local Template Marin 6m, as shown above.

Step 7: Following on from what you learnt in the previous Tutorial, click on the button Template controls.

Template Options to display a list of

Step 8: From the List select the option Local Copy and click OK. In this case it is going to be much easier to make a copy of the Marin 6m template than to create a new one from scratch. Step 9: At the form, name the new template Marin 6m 2.5m footpath and click OK. A new template will be made with that name, as a copy of Marin 6m. Step 10: Use the data entry list at the top to change: The Slope (%) of the LFPI and RFPI labels (Leg 5) to 10% The Horizontal Distance of the LFPO and RFPO labels (Leg 6) to 2.5m

Step 11: Click on Save and Exit to save the changes to the new Template and exit the form back to the VGE.

Apply the Template to the Road

Now it is time to apply the new Template to the first 40m of the Road. Step 12: From the VGE click on the The Design Data Form will display: Design Data form:

Step 13: You can do this initially or after you have inserted a new Template. Click on the data row under Template Data (you may have to click the + sign to expose this entry) and note the Design details on the right. Step 14: Change the Start Chainage to 40m and click on the Update Current Data button. You will notice in the Cross Section Viewer down the bottom that the cross section is 'missing' between chainage 0 and 40. Step 15: Click on the line Template Data and then click on the Add/Remove Data button:

Step 16: Click on the button Add Data - it is time to put the new cross section template into the Road.

Step 17: Fill in the details as shown below for the new Template Data entry: Step 18: Click on the button Update Current Data to add the data to the road cross sections.

The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the change in the cross section between Chainage 40 and Chainage 50: Chainage 0-40 - the Marin 6m 2.5m footpath template applies Chainage 40-End - the Marin 6m template applies.

Step 19: From the VGE click on the

Create Road Contours icon to create a Civil 3D surface model of the current road design including the footpath adjustments:

The output clearly shows the transition of the footpath from 2.5m to 1.5m from Chainage 40 to Chainage 50 - this represents the change between the two templates. The creation of the surface also highlights the steeper slope on the naturestrip up Chainage 40m, then a transition to a flatter slope at Chainage 50. Designers are encouraged to apply new Templates wherever this is the most efficient and effective way to make a change - at a time of inserting a median or a collection of new features (labels) would be an appropriate time to consider applying a different template. In instances where there are a number of changes occurring to the cross section at different Chainage ranges, the maintenance of the templates becomes onerous - the Variation tools then come into their own (we cover those shortly).

A Longer Transition?

It may be desired to 'transition' between the two templates over more than just one cross section sample (10m). This can be readily achieved in the software by changing the Template extents and adding in an extra 'Merge' template. Here is an example of Template Entries required to set a specific chainage range over which to merge templates:

Changing Slope Conditions

The slope projection that extends from the edge of the road design to the Sampled Surface tends to change regularly along the design for a number of reasons - the most common one is to avoid covering services and to prevent excessive fill around trees.

There are three common requirements that the designer has in regards to Slope Projections: Change the slope batter (make it steeper it or flatten it out) Set a fixed offset for the slope batter to match the Sampled Surface (sacrifice batter slope) Set the batter line to an alignment - the Variation tools will be used to achieve this (below) The Cross Section slopes are currently being defined by the applied Templates - we can readily add data in the Batter Definition to force an override to the default slopes.

Design Concept

In this case, let's assume that the batter between Chainage 140 and 180 on the Northern side should have a slope projection of 1:10 slope.

Apply slope adjustments

This works like an override to the default slopes on the Template, however the Batter Definition area can be used to create new slopes along the road in the instance where the Template doesn't include the slope projections. Step 20: From the VGE click on the The Design Data Form will display. Step 21: Click on the line Batter Definition and then click on the Add/Remove Data button. Step 22: Click on the button Add Data - it is time to apply the new batter conditions. Step 23: Fill in the details as shown below for the new Batter Definition entry: Note: The designer can easily set a 'changing' batter slope by choosing different slope conditions at the Start Chainage and End Chainage - the software will linearly adjust the slopes in between. Design Data form:

The Left side cut/fill slope should be set at 1:10 and the Right side cut/fill slope should be set to 1:1 to match existing conditions. Step 24: Click on the button Update Current Data to add the data to the road cross sections. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

Note: The data is stored in the list in a comma separated format - once you become acquainted with the layout of the data you will be able to interpret the details of the data immediately from this list. The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the change in the cross section where the new batter conditions are applied. Chainage 0-140 and 180-End - default slopes of 1:1 Chainage 140-180 - slope override to 1:10.

Step 25: From the VGE click on the

Create Road Contours icon to create a Civil 3D surface model of the current road design and review the changes

The output clearly shows the 1:10 slope projection between Chainage 140 and Chainage 180.

Immediately before and after this slope override, the software uses the previous or successive sampled section to transition to the slopes. The Batter Definition command should be to add new Slope Batters before Chainage 140 and after Chainage 180 if it desired to transition the slope change over a specified chainage range.

Variations - Editing Section by Section

A collection of editing commands are contained under the heading VARIATIONS in the design data form. The VARIATIONS command area includes a collection of tools for adjusting individual labels on the design cross section. This is an extremely powerful aspect of the software, enabling focused cross section editing of any label (leg) of the cross section (excepting the slope conditions) over any selected chainage range. Each edit to the cross section is made in order, from the first Variation to the last. The cross sections are processed to sequentially force overrides to the cross section. The balance of editing commands will be made via the VARIATIONS area.

Deleting Legs of the Cross Section

It is not unusual to need to 'stop' and 'start' features, such as retaining walls, along your design. Whilst application of different templates can also achieve this effect, using a combination of either Inserting Legs or Deleting Legs can prove a very efficient option for creating and removing components of the cross section where required.

Design Concept

In this case, let's assume that the footpath on the south side of Marin Street, between Delawn Street and Adelaide Street, is not required. For the purposes of the exercise, the outer label describing the footpath (LFPO label) will be removed, from Chainage 20 to Chainage 50.

Deleting Legs - Footpath

Step 26: From the VGE click on the The Design Data Form will display. Design Data form:

Step 27: Click on the line VARIATIONS and then click on the Add/Remove Data button.

Step 28: Select Delete Leg as the edit option and then click OK. Note: Since the order of entries can become important to how the cross sections are processed, the user is able to select where in the order of Variations the new entry is placed. The options to select the Insert Location assist in this process. The Move Up and Move Down buttons on the Design Data Form are also available for re-ordering the Variations.

Step 29: Fill in the details as shown below for the new DELETE entry: Pick the extents of the delete using the ? or type in 20m for the Start Chainage and 50m for the End Chainage. Use the pick box to select the RFPO label for deletion.

Step 30: Click on the button Update Current Data to remove the footpath from the road cross sections. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

Note: Users can select any chainage values, as well as have the software add these as extra cross section sample points using the Create Chainage at START and Create Chainage at End tick boxes. If these are ticked on, clicking on the button Add Data Entry Chainages on the Design Data form will add the extra sections. The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the deleted footpath sections. Chainage 0-19.99 and 50.01-End - right footpath exists Chainage 20-50 - right footpath removed.

Step 31: From the VGE click on the

Create Road Contours icon to create a Civil 3D surface model of the current road design and review the changes

The output clearly shows the removal of the outer edge of the footpath between Chainage 20 and Chainage 50.

Note that the next outer section (in this case, the slope projections) 'snap' onto the next inner label (in this case the inside edge of the footpath, or RFPI, label). This facility can be used to stop any feature of the cross section where required, such as a saw cut line, retaining wall, footpath or other feature.

Linearly Vary the Width and/or Slope of a section of the Cross Section
This method of adjustment enables the designer to select a feature (label) of the cross section and to override the width/slope values over a selected chainage range - because the designer can specify both the start width and slope and the end width and slope, this method allows for linear transitions in the cross section shape. This method of adjusting the cross sections has wide ranging applications: Transition from kerb and channel to kerb and apron Lay back the kerb to allow for driveways and pedestrian crossings Manually change the road crossfall over a selected chainage range Transition pavement width over a selected chainage range change footpath crossfalls and/or offset to the back of kerb

Design Concept

In this case, it is desired to change the crossfall of the road leading into the bend to change from a two way to one-way crossfall in order to reduce the volume of cut as well as assist motorists negotiating the bend. Use the Cross Section viewer in the Vertical Grading Editor or the Design Data Form to confirm that most of Marin street experiences a 1 way crossfall in the sampled surface, with the south (or right) side of the road being the high side. In order to achieve this it is proposed to VARY the slopes of the right pavement (REB) label in two steps: VARY 1: On the approach to the curve (Slope of -3% at Chainage 40, linearly changing to a slope of +3% at Chainage 80), AND VARY 2: Continue the 1 way crossfall for the rest of the road (Slope of +3% at Chainage 80 and a Slope of +3% at Chainage 1000)

Varying Legs - VARY 1 From Two-Way to One-Way Crossfall

Step 32: From the VGE click on the The Design Data Form will display. Step 33: In the Design Data Listing form, click on the DeleteLeg line under the VARIATIONS heading and then click on the Add/Remove Data button. Design Data form:

Step 34: Select Vary Leg as the edit option and then click OK. Note: Since the order of entries can become important to how the cross sections are processed, the user is able to select where in the order of Variations the new entry is placed. The options to select the Insert Location assist in this process. The Move Up and Move Down buttons on the Design Data Form are also available for re-ordering the Variations after creation.

Step 35: Fill in the details as shown below for the new VARY entry: Pick the extents of the vary using the ? or type in 40m for the Start Chainage and 80m for the End Chainage. Use the pick box to select the REB label for deletion.

Step 36: Click on the button Update Current Data to apply the override to the crossfalls. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

Note: It may be required to use the Move Up or Move Down button to rearrange entries in your jobs. Users can select any chainage values, as well as have the software add these as extra cross section sample points using the Create Chainage at START and Create Chainage at End tick boxes. If these are ticked on, clicking on the button Add Data Entry Chainages on the Design Data form will add the extra sections.

The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the change in the crossfall for the right edge of the pavement. Chainage 40-80 - linear change to crossfall for the right side pavement edge Chainage 0-40 and 80.001-End - 'default' slopes apply

10

The slope linearly changes from -3% at Chainage 50 to +3% at Chainage 80

Outside of this VARY command extents (Ch 40-80) the default slope of -3% is applied to the right side of the pavement.

Keeping in mind the VARY command works as an OVERRIDE to the cross sections, we need to initiate another VARY command to force the cross sections to maintain the oneway crossfall formation. Note: for a 'traditional' pavement superelevation, each side of the road would require up to 3 VARY commands per curve. If you are faced with a large number of curves or you want automation in the pavement (and shoulder if required) crossfall adjustments please refer to Tutorial 6 or the Compute and Apply Superelevation command.

Varying Legs - VARY 2 Maintaining One-Way Crossfall

In the Design Data Listing click on the VARY command you just created. Note that it details the VARY command on the right for immediate editing as required. Step 37: Click on the line VARIATIONS and then click on the Add/Remove Data button. Step 38: As previously, select Vary Leg as the edit option and then click OK. Step 39: Fill in the details as shown below for the new VARY entry: Pick the extents of the vary using the ? or type in 80m for the Start Chainage and 1000m (beyond the end of the road) for the End Chainage. Use the pick box to select the REB label for deletion.

Step 40: Click on the button Update Current Data to apply the override to the crossfall. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

Note: Users can select any chainage values, as well as have the software add these as extra cross section sample points using the Create Chainage at START and Create Chainage at End tick boxes. If these are ticked on, clicking on the button Add Data Entry Chainages on the Design Data form will add the extra sections. The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the adjusted road crossfall. Chainage 80-End - constant +3% crossfall applied. Toggle through the cross sections to confirm: the change from two-way to one-way crossfall between Chainage 40 to Chainage 80, and; one-way crossfall being maintained for the balance of the Road.

Step 41: From the VGE click on the

Create Road Contours icon to create a Civil 3D surface model of the current road design and review the changes

11

The output clearly shows the changing crossfall between chainage 40 and chainage 80. After chainage 80 the one-way crossfall is maintained. You can return to the Design Data Form at any time and change the Start/End conditions of the VARY commands to adjust the crossfall change range as required.

Alignment Control on the Cross Section

In Civil 3D, any polyline can be readily converted into an alignment. Civil 3D also includes a rich set of tools for creating alignments using a combination of graphical and numeric controls and maintaining tangency between the elements of the alignment. ARD provides facility to take any leg of the cross section and change its horizontal geometry to match an alignment (excluding the batter labels LBAT and RBAT, controlled by the Template and Batter Definition). The shape of the cross section (working outside from the centreline) is maintained.

Design Concept

The right side of the road in the area of the intersection is to be widened, in preparation for further intersection treatment. At the moment the width is 'constant' where it is defined by the Template entries. In order to achieve a non-linear adjustment to the width of the road, an alignment has been created. The alignment 'MarinREB' will be used to adjust the offset of the right side of the road pavement (the leg width is defined by the offset of the REB label).

Step 42: In the Design Data Listing form, click on the last data listing line under the VARIATIONS heading and then click on the Add/Remove Data button.

Step 43: Select Widen to Alignment as the edit option and then click OK. Note: Since the order of entries can become important to how the cross sections are processed, the user is able to select where in the order of Variations the new entry is placed. The options to select the Insert Location assist in this process. The Move Up and Move Down buttons on the Design Data Form are also available for re-ordering the Variations after creation.

Step 44: Fill in the details as shown below for the new Widen to Alignment Set the alignment to affect the REB label for the full extents of the road by typing in 0m for the Start Chainage and 1000m for the End Chainage.

12

Use the pick box to select the REB label for deletion. Set the Widen Method. Two options are available: Change Offset & Level: maintain the crosffall while widening the label (change level) Change Offset Keep Level: maintain the level difference while widening the label (change crossfall) Make SURE you pick MarinREB as the alignment to widen to. Step 45: Click on the button Update Current Data to remove the footpath from the road cross sections. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

Note: It may be required to use the Move Up or Move Down button to rearrange entries in your jobs. Users can select any chainage values, as well as have the software add these as extra cross section sample points using the Create Chainage at START and Create Chainage at End tick boxes. If these are ticked on, clicking on the button Add Data Entry Chainages on the Design Data form will add the extra sections.

The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the alignment control affecting the pavement width. Chainage 110 - widening of the pavement to match the alignment Scroll through the cross sections, particularly between Chainage 80 and 130, to see the significant widening out of the pavement. Exit the Design Data Form to review the cross sections in the VGE - in this view you can scroll along the design long section and concurrently see where you are in the model.

Step 46: From the VGE click on the

Create Road Contours icon to create a Civil 3D surface model of the current road design and review the changes

The output clearly shows the width of the right edge of the road adjusting to match the alignment.

13

Remember when we created the Road that we set Extra Spacings between Chainage 80 and 120 with a spacing value of 2m - we are now reaping the reward of this tighter spacing with a more accurate modelling of the alignment direction changes. The parts of the cross section 'outside' of the REB label move as a collective unit - they just get repositioned to maintain their previous offset/level relationship to the REB label.

Widening to an alignment isn't just limited to the pavement! Experiment with the inside edge of the footpath or other feature - anything you need to have a non-constant offset relative to the Road centreline should be considered for widening onto an alignment you define.

Insert a new Label/Leg - Retaining wall example

It is not unusual to need to create extra 'legs' in the cross section to cater for such things as: bus/parking bays offset road crown saw cut lines retaining walls Any time you want another grade break in the cross sections, you either need to create and apply a new template or consider using the Insert command.

Design Concept

For this example, it is desired to have a retaining wall located 0.5m from the back of the kerb and with a 0.5m drop to the footpath, to reduce the depth of cut/fill at the property boundary on the northern side. The retaining wall will extend from Chainage 20 to Chainage 70.

In order to achieve this, the user could approach the task by: 1. creating more Templates and applying them at the relevant location/s, or 2. Use the Insert command to create the top and toe of the retaining wall where required along the roadway The Insert Leg command includes the added functionality to specify a tapering width and/or changing slope at the time of inserting the new labels/legs. Note: Alignment and profile controls could further be applied to the retaining wall to manage the retaining wall levels and offsets for the top and/or toe of the wall.

Inserting Legs - First Insert Offset to top of retaining wall

Step 47: In the Design Data Listing form, click on the last data listing line under the VARIATIONS heading and then click on the Add/Remove Data button.

Step 48: Select Insert Leg as the edit option and then click OK. Note: Since the order of entries can become important to how the cross sections are processed, the user is able to select where in the order of Variations the new entry is placed. This is particularly important to this Insert process - if you get the order wrong the retaining wall reverse order on the legs! The Move Up and Move Down buttons on the Design Data Form are also available for re-ordering the Variations after

14

creation.

Step 49: Fill in the details as shown below for the new Insert Leg

Fill in the details as noted left. The NEW label for the cross section is named LTRW (Left Top of Retaining Wall). Step 50: Click on the button Update Current Data to insert the new leg into the cross section between Chainage 20 and Chainage 70. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the affect of the inserted label. Chainage 20-70 - new label for the top of retaining wall Scroll through the cross sections between Chainage 20 and 70 to see the new label.

This can be further controlled by using the Vary Leg, Widen to Alignment or other variation control (such as Use Profile and Label to Surface, which are explored later in this Help System)

15

Inserting Legs - Second Insert Create the bottom of retaining wall

Step 51: In the Design Data Listing form, click on the last data listing line under the VARIATIONS heading and then click on the Add/Remove Data button.

Step 52: Select Insert Leg as the edit option and then click OK. Note: Since the order of entries can become important to how the cross sections are processed, the user is able to select where in the order of Variations the new entry is placed. This is particularly important to this Insert process - if you get the order wrong the retaining wall reverse order on the legs! The Move Up and Move Down buttons on the Design Data Form are also available for re-ordering the Variations after creation.

Step 53: Fill in the details as shown below for the new Insert Leg Fill in the details as noted left. The NEW label for the cross section is named LBRW (Left Bottom of Retaining Wall).

Note the offset of .05m and the Vertical drop of 0.5m (resulting in a 10:1 slope face on the wall) Step 54: Click on the button Update Current Data to insert the new leg into the cross section between Chainage 20 and Chainage 70. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the affect of the inserted label. Chainage 20-70 - new label for the bottom of retaining wall Scroll through the cross sections between Chainage 20 and 70 to see the new label.

16

This can be further controlled by using the Vary Leg, Widen to Alignment or other variation control (such as Use Profile and Label to Surface, which are explored later in this Help System) Step 55: From the VGE click on the Create Road Contours icon to create a Civil 3D surface model of the current road design and review the changes

The output clearly shows the drop in the retaining wall starting at Chainage 20. A similar output is visible at Chainage 70 where the retaining wall stops. Note how the footpath deviates to accommodate the additional width of the retaining wall, as well as changing grade in the distance from the previous cross section to Chainage 20 to allow for the 0.5m drop in the retaining wall. You can of course readily adjust the start/end chainages via the Design Data form and the Insert Leg commands.

A bus bay would require two inserts: First insert would be before the Top of Kerb (positioned after the Invert) and describe the back of an open dish, THEN Second insert would be before the Top of Kerb (positioning it after the NEW label for the open dish) and describe the slope/width of the bus bay The Widen to Alignment command could then be applied to control the offsets. Give it a go!

Extending the Batter to an Alignment

For certain sections of the road (and maybe the full length) it will be desirable to set the design extents (where the slope projection meets the surface) to use an alignment (rather than a fixed width or fixed slope). The crossfall slopes of the batter will therefore change along the road, with the match-in offset fixed by the user. Whilst ARD doesn't specifically include tools to set the batter slopes (LBAT and RBAT labels) onto an alignment, there is a ready-made tool to Insert a new label and match to BOTH and alignment and a surface - this is the Insert With Surface command.

Design Concept

It is desired to set the right side of the design extents to match the property boundary.

To do this a NEW leg will be inserted into the cross section, with the levels matching the surface AND using an alignment for the offset ('Marin-Right Building Line' alignment). The 'batter' slope on the right will work from this label out to the sampled surface (so it will have zero offset). Step 56: In the Design Data Listing form, click on the last data listing line under the VARIATIONS heading and then click on the Add/Remove Data button.

17

Step 57: Select Insert With Surface as the edit option and then click OK. Note: Since the order of entries can become important to how the cross sections are processed, the user is able to select where in the order of Variations the new entry is placed. The options to select the Insert Location assist in this process. The Move Up and Move Down buttons on the Design Data Form are also available for re-ordering the Variations after creation.

Step 58: Fill in the details as shown below for the new Insert With Surface

The new Leg/Label will be created AFTER the outer edge of the footpath (RFPO label) and before the batter leg. Name it the same as the right batter label - where both labels are found the duplicate will be removed. The Start Chainage and End Chainage can be set beyond the road extents - the new label RBAT will only be created where BOTH the alignment AND connecting label (RFPO in this instance) exist. Name the new label RBAT (right building line). Set the levels to match the NS surface and the offsets to match the Marin - Right Building Line alignment. Note: You can actually set the label to match any surface! This provides great flexibility in the design - see Tutorial 5 to explore where this is taken to full advantage. Step 59: Click on the button Update Current Data to stretch the design batters to match up with the building line. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the alignment and level control affecting the new leg. Chainage 10 and 50-200 - RBAT leg matches to surface and building line offsets Chainage 0, 20-50 and 200-End - RBAT leg set by slope controls

18

The batter slope changes so that the offset is matched to the alignment and surface

The new RBAT label will not be created if the alignment is missing at the cross section or the 'connecting' label is not there. In the section above the new label is not created because the RFPO label is not there to connect to. We Deleted the label in one of the cross section edits, above.

Step 60: From the VGE click on the

Create Road Contours icon to create a Civil 3D surface model of the current road design and review the changes

The output clearly shows the width of the batter on the right side is not constant relative to the road centreline - it is matching to the alignment describing the building line.

The exceptions to this are: Where the alignment doesn't exist (start and end sections) and Where the right outer footpath label doesn't existing (Chainage 20 to Chainage 50 inclusive)

You can add in another 'Label with Surface' command in the chainage range 20-50 to get the batter matching to the building line - the parameters and output would be as follows: New Insert With Surface command created:

Create Road Contours Output:

19

Matching the Surface Levels for a Label of the Cross Section (the easy way)
It is often desirable to take parts of the cross section (like the lip of kerb or batter point) and 'drape' its levels onto a surface, which may also include an added height adjustment. There are two methods for achieving this: Create a separate 'Profile' of the feature, set the profile levels to match the NS surface and then apply the Use Profile command in the Variations to assign the profile levels and offsets to the label Use the Label to Surface command to achieve this in one single command In this example we will explore the second option - this is quick and easy and works where it is desired to match surface levels for selected extents of the leg of the cross section.

Design Concept

It is desired to reduce the extents of the batter on the northern side of Marin Street, between Chainage 130 to Chainage 190. To achieve this, the inside edge of footpath levels will be adjusted so that the levels match to the NS surface - this should result in the outside edge of the footpath being much closer to the sampled surface and therefore reduced batter offsets. Step 61: In the Design Data Listing form, click on the last data listing line under the VARIATIONS heading and then click on the Add/Remove Data button.

Step 62: Select Label to Surface as the edit option and then click OK. Note: Since the order of entries can become important to how the cross sections are processed, the user is able to select where in the order of Variations the new entry is placed. The options to select the Insert Location assist in this process. The Move Up and Move Down buttons on the Design Data Form are also available for re-ordering the Variations after creation.

Step 63: Fill in the details as shown below for the new Label to Surface

20

Set the inside edge of the footpath Label, LFPI, to match the NS levels. Set the Start Chainage to 130m and End Chainage to 190m. Select to match the NS surface levels. Note: You can simultaneously change the offset of the label to match an alignment and add a height adjustment on top of the surface levels. Step 64: Click on the button Update Current Data to adjust the footpath levels. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the level control affecting the footpath. Chainage 130-190 - Left footpath matches the surface Chainage 130-190 - BEFORE adding the Label to Surface command

The inside edge of the footpath (LFPI label) matches the sampled surface between Chainage 130 and Chainage 190. Step 65: From the VGE click on the

Prior to running the command the footpath levels were defined by a slope relationship to the back of kerb label.

Create Road Contours icon to create a Civil 3D surface model of the current road design and review the changes

21

The output clearly shows the levels of the footpath changed to match the existing surface levels - the crossfall from the back of kerb to the footpath inside edge is significantly steeper. The batter extents are reduced, since the levels much more closely match the sampled surface at the outside edge of the footpath.

CONGRATULATIONS! YOU HAVE APPLIED A VARIETY OF ADJUSTMENTS TO THE CROSS SECTIONS. You should consider starting the commands Plot Long Sections and Plot Cross Sections to view affect of your changes on the cross and long sections.

Summary
In this tutorial you have learnt: The Design Data Form is the central area for adjusting the cross sections. That you can adjust cross sections by: Adding in Templates where desired to change the total cross section shape over selected chainages Override the batter conditions where required Applying VARIATIONS as local overrides to the cross section including: Removing legs from the cross section Varying the width/slope of legs on the cross section Changing the offset of a leg of the cross section to match an alignment Inserting new legs into the cross section Inserting a new leg into the cross section and simultaneously matching an alignment and surface levels Draping a leg onto the surface

22

Tutorial 3 - Multi Road Design with Intersections

Tutorial Overview
As part of a subdivision, designers are required to design a number of interconnected roads and intersections. Also as part of a road reconstruction, designers are often required to show how the reconstruction works will match back to existing side roads. In this Tutorial you will explore the methods for automating your intersection design and understand how Advanced Road Design (ARD) works with intersections. As part of this tutorial you will be designing a number of intersections and kerb returns. This tutorial is of benefit to any designer required to include intersection construction works as part of their design.

Goals
Be competent in setting up Road design controls before creating Roads Be able to create multiple Roads at once Understand the interaction between Roads at intersections Be able to create and edit kerb returns at intersections Understand how to automate the kerb creation and design process Time required: 30 minutes

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start - Please start Civil 3D 2008 and open the drawing file C:/CADAPPS Training Data/Civil 3D 2008/ARD2008/Multi_Road_Design.dwg. This project extends from work undertaken in Tutorial 1 and Tutorial 2. It is recommended that you complete these tutorials before commencing with this tutorial. This project data includes a surface and a collection of alignments to control Road centrelines, as well as offsets for different parts of the road cross sections. The alignments form a subdivision road network. Note that the Marin Road is fully designed and documented, including the creation of a Civil 3D design surface (TotalModel) describing the road design. Wherever alignments cross each other, or where an alignment either starts or ends at another alignment, the software will automatically form an intersection where the two roads interact. In ARD there is a clear concept of a 'main' and 'side' road at intersections: A Main Road is a road which has a continuous (unadjusted) road pavement through the intersection zone A Side Road is a road which changes it's vertical grading and pavement shape to match the Main Road pavement at the intersection zone (defined between the kerb returns and the intersection with the pavement of the main road). The terminating road is always treated as the Side Road In ARD, the trimming of the intersection is completely automated. The overall Site Plan is shown below:

Surface Data
An existing surface named NS exists in the drawing. Another surface called TotalModel has been created and represents the design of Marin Street. All alignments are inside the extents of this surface

Alignments
Alignments have been created in the drawing, as follows:

Note: All Road centreline alignments have the prefix of 'r-' in the Alignment Description - this identifies them as 'Roads' in the software and enables automation in the road creation process.

Creating Multiple Roads

At this stage, only Marin Street has been converted into a Road. This tutorial focuses on the functionality to create the balance of roads and to explore the interaction between roads at the intersections. It is not uncommon to have multiple roads in a design, particularly in a subdivision situation. As part of the subdivision process, it would be expected that a number of different 'typical' cross sections would be used to created the road network (some roads will perform a 'collector' road function, whilst others will be minor property access roads).

In ARD the designer can establish the 'starting' templates that they require for each Road, prior to creating the Road. Since ARD also automates the connectivity between the Main and Side Roads, there are considerations to be made on whether or not an 'ease' vertical curve is desired where the side road vertical grading meets the main road pavement cross section. Before creating multiple roads it is recommended that the designer first: Establish and create the various 'typical' cross sections required for the road network Set up the Road Defaults - this assigns the cross section template to be applied to each alignment at the time of creating each Road Confirm the vertical curve 'ease' parameters required at the intersection

Establishing Typical Cross Sections

For the purposes of this exercise, two typical cross sections (Templates) will be applied across the Road network. In this case, it is proposed to simply make copies of existing templates in the project and to rename them appropriately. If you don't see the templates in your list, take note of the parameters shown in the list below and create them.
Opening the Template Editor

To open the Template Editor: Step 1: Click on the icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Settings]-[Create/Edit Templates] from the Menu.

Note: You may be asked to confirm intersection details for two alignments that cross each other: Stawell Street and Sydney Street. Set Sydney Street to be the Side Road Alignment.
Creating the 'Minor' Road Template

Step 2: Use the Next button (or Select Template button) to navigate to the Local Marin 6m template. You will now make a copy of this template to represent the 'minor' roads in the subdivision. Step 3: Click on the Template Options button - from the list of options select Local Copy to make a new copy of this template.

Step 4: Name the new template 6m Road and then click on OK. A new template named 6m Road is now created, adopting the offsets/levels/slopes from the previous template.

Creating the 'Major' Road Template

Step 4: From the Template editor, click on the Next button (or Select Template button) to navigate to the Local Marin 6m 2.5m footpath Template.

Step 5: Click on the Template Options button - from the list of options select Local Copy to make a new copy of this template. Step 6: Name the new template 6m Road with 2.5m Footpath and then click on OK. A new template is created with the above name. Now that we have our 'typical' cross section templates, it is time to assign them to particular Road alignments

Set Road Defaults - Setting up the Roads before Creation

In this case, it has been determined that the typical cross sections applied to the roads should be as follows: Minor Roads - '6m Road' Template Brisbane Canberra Darwin Hobart Perth Melbourne Adelaide Stawell To assign these prior to creating Roads: Step 7: Select [Roads]-[Settings]-[ Set Road Defaults] from the Menu. Major Roads - '6m Road with 2.5m Footpath' Template Cairns Delawn Sydney

At the following form, fill in the details as shown below:

Step 8: Use the pick box under the Alignment heading to set different templates and batter conditions for Cairns, Delawn and Sydney

alignment. Step 9: Set up the Templates as shown, left, using the pick boxes. Step 10: Type in for different batter conditions, as shown above. Click OK to create set the default Road conditions

Interaction Between Main and Side Roads - an 'Ease' Vertical Curve?

When Side Roads match up to Main Roads, the vertical grading of the Side Road automatically adjusts to connect to the design cross section of the Main Road pavement. Designers often wish for the software to apply a vertical curve to smoothly transition the Side Road CL up to the Main Road cross section - ARD can automate this aspect of the design process.

Review the 'Ease' Conditions

Step 11: You can set the default behaviour at intersections via the Active Drawing Settings - click on the toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Settings]-[Active Drawing Settings] from the Menu. Step 12: using the Tabs at the top of the form, click on Road Details:

icon (from the Roads-Main

This aspect of the settings controls the initial vertical curve 'ease' conditions applied to the Side Road at the intersections. Leave as the default values and click on Save and Exit. Special Note: Although this is the initial setting of 'ease' controls at the intersections, users can readily adjust the values for established Roads via the command [Roads]-[Edit]-[ Automatic Ease Properties].

Creating Multiple Roads

You are now ready to create all the Roads in the drawing (defined with r- in the Alignment Description). Step 13: Click on the the menu. icon (from the Road Design Tools toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Auto Creation Tools]-[Auto Road Creation...] from

This will display the following form:

Note that the Alignment/Road Name is set to (Auto Road Creation) - the actual Template and batter conditions will be assigned from the Set Road Defaults settings. You can adjust the sampling frequency as desired for the new Roads. Step 14: Click Create/Update to create new Roads from all the alignments that have the prefix r- in the alignment (excepting those Roads already created).

Intersection Interaction between Roads

Now that you have created all the Roads, open up two or more 'intersecting' Roads to see how they interact in the intersection zone. For this example, the T intersection of Marin road and Stawell road will be reviewed by opening the Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) for both roads. Step 15: Click on the icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road] from the menu.

At the command line you will be prompted to Select required road alignment. Press [Enter] on the keyboard to obtain a list of the created

Roads:

Step 16: From the list of available Roads, highlight MARIN in the list and then click OK. The VGE for Marin will immediately open.

Step 17: Repeat Step 15 and Step 16 to open the VGE for Stawell street. With the VGE windows, you can drag and move the windows around, as well as change their size. Arrange the windows so that you can review both vertical grading designs at once.

Note the vertical red vertical dashed lines in the Marin VGE - these denote where Side Roads (Adelaide and Stawell) are found along the Main Road (Marin). When you zoom to the start of Stawell Street it is clear that the vertical grading is adjusted to match the Main Road cross section - as well a 20m vertical curve 'ease' transitions from the edge of the main road into the Side Road vertical grading.

Experiment: Use one of the IP editing tools ( or ) on Marin street to move an IP near the intersection up and down. You will note that the start section of the Stawell vertical grading will immediately move up/down in response to the changing intersection levels. This behaviour is consistent at every intersection. Step 18: Repeat Step 15 and Step 16 to open the VGE for Sydney street. Now review the interaction between Stawell street and Sydney street - again the intersection is automatically accounted for and levels are set to match up between the Main Road and Side Road. You are encouraged to review the intersection interactions further, and to adjust the design levels on the roads to your satisfaction. The next step is to create kerb returns to facilitate vehicle movements within the intersection and to 'connect' the edges of the main and side roads.
If I don't like the Vertical Curve 'Ease', How do I change it?

After you create your Road, you can readily change the vertical curve 'ease' controls by clicking on the or Road Settings toolbars) or selecting [Roads]-[Edit]-[Automatic Ease Properties] from the menu.

icon (from the Road Design Tools

This will display a form enabling you to select any Road, and change the Vertical Curve Ease parameters along the road length. This will be immediately reflected once you review the Road in the VGE or proceed to plotting or modelling of the roads.

Kerb Return Design

ARD includes specific design tools for kerb returns - kerb return design is fully automated! Once you create a kerb return, you don't have to worry about the horizontal or vertical connection - ARD will manage it for you. Automation of the kerb returns includes: Managing the horizontal geometry Automating the creation of the kerb alignment (assuming a single or three radius return) including automatic connection to the edge of the main and side roads Enabling the user to specify an alignment for the kerb return (the software will move the alignment as required to ensure that the kerb connects to the main and side roads) Managing the vertical geometry Continuous level connection of the kerb return at the start/end - the levels and grades are read from both the main and side roads leading up to the start/end of the kerb returns Ability to automate the vertical grading of the kerb return to smoothly transition through the return Managing the cross sections User selection of a fixed template, or Automatic creation of the cross section to match at both the main and side roads, allowing for both changes in widths and slopes between the main and side roads Note: If you move a Road alignment, just use the command intersections. Update All Road Objects to reconnect all the kerb returns at the affected

Creating a Kerb Return

For this example, let's create a kerb return at the north-east corner of the Marin and Stawell intersection. This kerb return will be defined by a single radius of 12m.

Step 19: Start the kerb creation command by clicking on the Return] from the menu.

icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or clicking on [Roads]-[Create/Edit Kerb

At the prompt, click somewhere immediately north-east of the intersection of Marin street and Stawell street. This will open the Kerb Design editor:

This single form enables the designer to: Select the method for creating the kerb return alignment: Single Arc - single radius return 3 Centered (1) - specify a start and end point and 3 radii. The software works out the rest 3 Centered (2) - specify a centre point for the middle radius and the 3 radii. The software works out the rest Specify - you make your own alignment and use it for the kerb return Specify the parameters to define the shape of the kerb return - this display of information is subject to the tab selection Step 20: Set the following: Select Single Arc as the kerb alignment options In the display, type in 12m for the Radius The Reset Design Flag option controls whether or not the software will automatically design the vertical grading for the kerb return, or if control of the vertical grading is passed to the designer. Leave it on the defaults of Automatic Redesign - the software will continuously adjust the vertical grading to ensure a smooth grading between the main and side roads.

Step 21: Click on Create/Update Alignment. A Civil 3D alignment for the kerb return is immediately created in the drawing.

Note: You can continuously change the kerb return alignment by simply adjusting the design parameters (the radius in this case) and clicking on Create/Update Alignment again. Congratulations! You have now created a kerb return including horizontal geometry matching the two roads and vertical geometry matching BOTH levels and grades into and out of the kerb return. The software has also automatically established a cross section matching between the roads.

Step 22: Click on the button View Profile which will now be displayed on the Kerb Definition form to display a preview of the vertical grading of the kerb return: Step 23: Click on the Close button on the Kerb Definition form to enter the full editing mode for the kerb return in the VGE:

The kerb return reads the levels incoming to and outgoing from the kerb return to ensure that there is a match in both levels and grades at each end of the kerb return. If the software is set to 'redesign' the internal section it will: Continuously match the levels and grades at the start/end of the return, and Create either 1 vertical curve (in the case where the tangents intersect) or 2 vertical curves (in the case where the tangents do not intersect) to smoothly transition between the main and side road levels and grades Special Note: Designers can obtain control over the vertical grading of the kerb return by changing the redesign option to 'Keep Internal Design' - to do this click on the Reset Design Flag button in the Kerb Definition form (shown above) or click on the Kerb Design Controls icon and change the redesign controls.

Experiment: Open BOTH the VGE for Marin and Stawell. Move the levels of Marin up/down near the intersection - not that both the Stawell levels are adjusted at the intersection and the kerb return levels are also updated. Step 24: Review the cross sections by clicking on the icon on the VGE.

10

Note how the cross sections are automatically created, including assignment of an appropriate subgrade. You can edit the sections by opening the Design Data Form. Special Note: In cases where the main and side road cross sections are different (eg: main road is barrier kerb, whilst the side road is rollover kerb, or the footpaths differ in widths) it is often desirable to set a fixed distance over which to make the 'transition' in widths and/or slopes/verticals rather then having the software smoothly adjust over the full length of the kerb return. If you want to explore this functionality click here for more details.

You can create more alignments using the above method - this is good when the radius of the kerb returns differs on an intersection-byintersection basis, or there is a requirement to apply your own alignments or use multi-radii kerb returns. It is required to create the balance of kerb returns for the intersections, prior to building a total surface model of the road network. Close the VGE for the kerb return.

Automated Kerb Return Creation

In many subdivision works, a 'typical' radius can be applied throughout all the intersections, with the designer reviewing individual intersections and changing the horizontal geometry (like the radius) where required. In this case, lets apply 12m radius kerb returns for all the intersections. Rather than doing this 'singly' we will get the software to create them all at once. Step 25: Click on the icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Auto Creation Tools]-[Auto Kerb Returns] from the menu. The following form will immediately display:

Step 26: Type in 12m as the default radius and then click OK. The software will now proceed to create kerb returns at all the remaining locations, matching horizontal, vertical and cross section geometry.

11

All the kerb returns have been created at the intersections (shown as thick blue alignments, left). You can review any of the returns by using the Create/Edit Kerb Return command or by clicking on [Enter] and selecting the kerb return from the list. Create/Edit Road, pressing

Special Note: In cases where the main and side road cross sections are different (eg: main road is barrier kerb, whilst the side road is rollover kerb, or the footpaths differ in widths) it is often desirable to set a fixed distance over which to make the 'transition' in widths and/or slopes/verticals rather then having the software smoothly adjust over the full length of the kerb return. If you want to explore this functionality click here for more details.

Surface Output
Creating the network of Roads, inclusive of intersection trimming for the kerb returns and formation of appropriate boundaries, occurs via a single command. Step 27: Click on the Auto Model icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Auto Model] from the menu.

The software will immediately process all the road designs and form a single Civil 3D surface model of your road network named TotalModel.

Shown left is a sample of the surface output. Note: the surface style has been adjusted to highlight the surface model and triangulation. Note the trimming and triangulation at the intersections - the main road is trimmed back from the edge of pavement outwards where the kerbs exist. The kerb returns are stretched out to the edge of the main road and the CL of the side road. The side road is 'stopped' where the kerb returns exist. This results in a well defined surface model of your design. You can continue to make design changes - simply click on the Auto Model icon again to update the surface model.

Drawing Clean Up

12

As part of the design documentation process, ARD generates drafting lines in the drawing to represent where the cross section sampling has occurred. You can easily remove this superfluous drafting by: Step 28: Click on the Drawing Cleanup icon to start the command:

Tick on the top three boxes - these all relate to the drafting of sections in the drawing. Step 29: Click OK. Note that all the drafted section lines are gone.

Advanced Cross Section Adjustments for Kerb Returns - setting the 'Auto Merge' distance
When you let the software build the cross section for the kerb returns, it reads the offsets/levels of each leg of the cross section of both the Main and Side roads at the start/end of the Kerb return. It then forces the cross section to match at BOTH the start and end points, then MERGES the legs together via linear transition over the length of the kerb return alignment (matching label names). Users generally want to specify a distance over which to make this adjustment, particularly with features such as kerb returns (where a short distance is specified for the concreter to 'switch' from one kerb profile to another). If not already done, create a Kerb Return at the northwest corner of Sydney and Stawell roads. Open the VGE for this kerb return and review the cross sections. You should note that the width of the footpath is continuously transitioning from 2.5m at Stawell Street to 1.5m at Stawell Street. Let's assume this transition needs to occur in the first 2m of the kerb return (working from the Start of the kerb return at the connection to Delawn Street. From the VGE click on the Design Data Form.

Click on the option Auto Merge and then click on the Create/Edit Data button to create a new merge control. Set the 'merge' to work over the first 2m - you get to specify the Start for the merge and the End. Settings as shown will result in a transition within the first 2m of the kerb return, changing the footpath width from 2.5m to 1.5m.

13

Rebuild the surface model of the road network to view the outputs in the drawing.

Settings - Kerb Design Controls

You can set the cross section controls for the kerb returns via the Active Drawing Settings - click on the toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Settings]-[Active Drawing Settings] from the Menu. Using the Tabs at the top of the form, click on Kerb Details: icon (from the Roads-Main

This aspect of the settings controls the default radius when the Auto Create Curb Returns command is started, as well as controlling the initial cross section assigned to the kerb returns upon creation. The 'Auto' parameter will ensure that the software creates cross sections to match up with the main and side roads. This is important for the current tutorial since some of the footpaths are 1.5m widths whilst others are 2.5m width. Special Note: The Design Data Form can be accessed for any of the kerb returns to edit the cross section templates assigned.

Summary
In this tutorial you have learnt: How to assign appropriate cross section templates to Roads when they are created That you can create multiple roads at once That Side Roads will adjust their Vertical Grading to match to the cross section of a Main Road where they cross That kerb returns can be created using a variety of different methods, and that you can use your own alignment How to automatically create multiple kerb returns at your intersections

14

Tutorial 4 - Cul-de-sacs, Knuckles and Roundabouts

In this Tutorial you will explore the methods for creating the following specialised 'Road' objects within Advanced Road Design (ARD): Cul-de-sacs Knuckles (localised road widening) Roundabouts It is common practice at the end of a road to provide a turning facility (or cul-de-sac) for vehicles. Many subdivisions also include localised widening, particularly at tight bends, to increase property frontages. Roundabouts are also a very common requirement throughout Australia, New Zealand and other countries to improve traffic flow and control vehicle movements within intersections. Advanced Road Design (ARD) includes specific tools to convert two alignments into a roundabout, including trimming of the intersection and matching levels at the outer edge of the circulating carriageway. This tutorial is of benefit to any designer required to create any of the above features as part of their designs. Note: Roundabout design can become a very complex aspect of your project - the Roundabout tool here is well suited to new works at a new intersection, where the interaction between the roundabout, kerb returns and crossing roads is well defined. For roundabout design in a reconstruction scenario, please review Tutorial 5 - Intersection Design Incorporating a Roundabout.

Goals
Be competent in creating, editing and designing Cul-de-sacs Knuckles (localised road widening Roundabouts at designed intersections Understand how the software connects cul-de-sacs and knuckles to continuous Roads Appreciate how the software integrates cul-de-sacs, knuckles and roundabouts into the whole road network Time required: 45 minutes

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start - Please start Civil 3D 2008 and open the drawing file C:/CADAPPS Training Data/Civil 3D 2008/ARD2008/Road_Features.dwg, or continue from your design work in Tutorial 3. This project assumes knowledge from the previous tutorials and is based on work undertaken in Tutorial 3. It is recommended that you complete these tutorials before commencing with this tutorial. This project data includes: A collection of Roads and Kerb Returns are already created Two surfaces exist in the drawing: Existing Surface: NS Design Surface: TotalModel The overall Site Plan is shown below:

Surface Data
An existing surface named NS exists in the drawing. Another surface called TotalModel has been created and represents the design of all the Roads and Kerb Returns.

Roads
All Roads have been created. Kerb returns (including alignments) have also been created at the intersections

Alignments and New Works

For the Roundabout design, the following alignments have been created: Inner Island: this alignment describes the horizontal geometry of the inside edge of the roundabout Outer circulating Carriageway: this alignment describes the horizontal geometry of the outer edge For the cul-de-sac and knuckle, the software will generate both the horizontal and vertical geometry required. Note: The 'roundabout' alignments both have i- as a prefix in the Alignment Description - this prevents them accidentally being converted into Roads.

Back to Top

Cul-de-sac Design
Cul-de-sac design forms an integral part of any subdivision road network. This routine can also be applied successfully in a road reconstruction situation, with allowance for the designer to set up their own alignment and cross sections for the culde-sac.

Advanced Road Design (ARD) includes specific design tools to create and edit cul-de-sacs, including connection to the incoming Road and automatic trimming at the time of surface modelling. ARD includes design tools to: Create the horizontal geometry for the cul-de-sac for many different shape configurations Connect to the incoming road at the start/end of the cul-de-sac alignment and enable vertical design of the cul-desac Automatically match the cross section of the incoming road at the start/end of the cul-de-sac alignment Integrate the cul-de-sac into the final surface model, including trimming of the main road to allow for the cul-de-sac and connection of boundaries If the different shape configurations do not suit, you can create your own alignment and use it directly for the cul-de-sac shape - draw it in the direction of vehicular travel (clockwise for left hand drive, counter-clockwise for right hand drive) and ensure that it connects to the edge of the road at both ends.

Design Concept

In this case it is desired to construct a circular cul-de-sac at the end of Marin Street, as shown, left. The vertical design of the cul-de-sac is along the alignment that ARD will create - ARD will automatically connect up with the edges of the road at the start/end of the cul-de-sac alignment (both vertically and horizontally) as well as allowing for extension of the Road centreline crown into the cul-de-sac.

Completed Exercise

Creating the Cul-de-sac

Horizontal Geometry

Step 1: Click on the

icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Create/Edit Cul-de-sac] from the Menu.

Step 2: At the following command prompt, press the [esc] or [Enter] button:

This will open the following form:

This single form enables the designer to Determine how the cul-de-sac connects to the Road - pick the Road, the label to connect to and whether it is at the start/end of the Road Select the method for creating the geometry of the cul-de-sac using the tabs and typing in the required parameters Create/Update the alignment Create the vertical grading controls (see below), and finally Create the Cul-de-sac for design review Click on the tabs to view the different methods for creating a cul-de-sac Step 3: Set the connection details for the cul-de-sac by following these steps: Cul-de-sac Name: type in Marin Culdesac Incoming Road: select Marin from the pick list Match to Label/Point: select EB from the pick list Step 4: Set the start point of the cul-de-sac by clicking on the icon under the heading Start Chainage in the sketch

Step 5: From the screen, zoom to the Marin Street court bowl area and click at a point where the property boundary starts to widen out near the end of the Road (approximately at Chainage 195). This will populate the location you have selected back into the form:

Step 6: Now set up the parameters you would like for the cul-de-sac geometry: Start Chainage: Ensure that this is between 190 and 195 - you can type in the value as required Radius 1: 15m Radius 2: 8m Radius 3: 15m Step 7: Click on Create/Update Alignment to generate an alignment in the drawing:

The alignment should appear as above - if the end of the alignment extends beyond the end of the Road, then change the Start Chainage or the Radius values to ensure it is fully contained within the connecting Road. Note: This alignment is editable - simply change the parameters in the form and click on Create/Update Alignment - a new alignment will be generated using the parameters supplied

Vertical Geometry

Step 7: Click on the button Profile Controls to set up the vertical controls for the cul-de-sac:

In this part of the definition you get to set up the vertical and cross section controls. The image describes the capability of the software to automatically assign levels working form the start and end of the cul-de-sac alignment (Transfer Levels options) based on the Road Centreline levels and Road crossfalls extend the Road Centreline into the cul-desac at the time of surface modelling and for pavement levels in the cul-de-sac (Extend CL to) Leave these at the default values of the centre point of the bowl radius.

Step 8: Set the following: Cul-de-sac Template: Use the pick box to select Auto - this will result in the cross sections being automatically generated Spacings: Set the spacing values to 2m Step 9: Click on the button Compute and Display Profile to display the Vertical Grading of the cul-de-sac Note: When you click on Compute and Display Profile you are actually creating the cul-de-sac 'road'. The view of the Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) is shown in a preview mode - you need to click on the Close button to obtain editing access to the cul-de-sac.

Step 10: Click on the Close button to exit the Create/Edit Cul-de-sac command and obtain full design control over the culde-sac.

The cul-de-sac reads the levels incoming to and outgoing from the cul-de-sac to ensure that there is a match in both levels and grades at each end. There are also IP's automatically assigned working from the start and end of the cul-de-sac - these are 'tracking' the Road levels by projecting the CL levels out at the crossfall of the Road onto the cul-de-sac. If you want to reduce this 'automatic' design, simply use the Create/Edit Cul-de-sac command again and change the 'Auto Levels' information. You can use the IP creation and editing tools to change the vertical design around the cul-de-sac as required. Experiment: Open BOTH the VGE for Marin and Marin Cul-de-sac. Move the levels of Marin up/down near the end of the Road and note that the cul-de-sac incoming and outgoing levels adjust to maintain connectivity with Marin Street.
Cross Sections

Step 11: Review the cross sections by clicking on the

icon on the VGE.

Note how the cross sections are automatically created, including assignment of an appropriate subgrade. You can edit the sections by opening the Design Data Form. Note: The Subgrade assigned is read from the Active Drawing Settings form - the subgrade assigned includes a subgrade definition when the labels LEB and RDUM form a Leg in the cross section. Special Note: In cases where the left and right sides of the road have different cross section information the software will

transition the change over the full length of the Cul-de-sac. If you wanted to set where the 'transition' occurs across the Cul-de-sac please refer to the discussion of this issue in the previous tutorial. Step 12:Close the VGE of the knuckle by clicking OK.

Surface Output
Creating the cul-de-sac, in co-ordination with the rest of the Road network, occurs via a single command. Step 13: Click on the Auto Model icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Auto Model] from the menu.

The software will immediately process all the roads, kerb returns and cul-de-sac to form a single Civil 3D surface model of your road network named TotalModel. Shown left is a sample of the surface output, focusing on the cul-desac. Note: the surface style has been adjusted to highlight the surface model and triangulation.

Note the trimming and triangulation - the main road is trimmed back at the start of the cul-des-sac, and the road CL extended into the cul-de-sac for the specified distance. You can continue to make design changes - simply click on the Auto Model icon again to update the surface model.

To edit the Cul-de-sac design, open the Vertical Grading Editor by clicking on the icon or selecting [Roads][Create/Edit Road] from the menu. When prompted to select an alignment, press [Enter] at the keyboard and then select the Cul-de-sac from the list.

Back to Top

Knuckle Design
This type of localised road widening is normally reserved for bends in the road, where it is desired to widen out the pavement to expose a larger property frontage. This routine can also be applied successfully using your own alignment. Advanced Road Design (ARD) includes specific design tools to create and 'knuckles', including connection to the incoming Road and automatic trimming at the time of surface modelling. ARD includes design tools to: Create the horizontal geometry for the knuckle for many different shape configurations Connect to the edge of the road pavement (or other selected Label on the cross section) at the start/end of the knuckle alignment and enable vertical design of the knuckle Enable the user assignment of a cross section Integrate the knuckle into the final surface model, including trimming of the main road to allow for the knuckle and connection of boundaries If the different shape configurations do not suit, you can create your own alignment and use it directly for the 'knuckle' shape - draw it in the direction of the Road that you are connecting it to.

Design Concept

In this case it is desired to construct a knuckle at the bend of Sydney Street, as shown, left. It is desired to have reverse crossfall for the knuckle.

Completed Exercise

Knuckle Cross Section Template

In order to co-ordinate the knuckle and road cross sections where the knuckle starts and ends, it is required to create a new Template with the right offsets/slopes for the knuckle. To do this: Step 1: Click on the the Menu. icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Settings]-[Create/Edit Templates] from

Step 2: Click on the button Select Template and choose Metric Kerb-R from the list - we will use this Template as a starting point for our Knuckle template. Step 3: Click on the button Template Options and choose the option Local Copy. Step 4: Name the new Template Sydney Knuckle.

Step 5: Make the changes as noted, left. The Sydney Knuckle template viewer will immediately change to show the updated information. Step 6: Click Save and Exit to exit the form and save the changes

We are now ready to use this Template when we create the Knuckle.

Creating the Knuckle

Horizontal Geometry

Step 1: Click on the

icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Create/Edit Knuckle] from the Menu.

Step 2: At the following command prompt, press the [esc] or [Enter] button:

This will open the following form: This single form enables the designer to Determine how the knuckle connects to the Road - pick the Road, the label to connect to and whether it is at the start/end of the Road Select the method for creating the geometry of the knuckle using the tabs and typing in the required parameters Create/Update the alignment Create the vertical grading controls (see below), and finally Create the Knuckle for design review

Click on the tabs to view the different methods for creating a knuckle. Step 3: Set the connection details for the knuckle by following these steps: Knuckle Name: type in Sydney Knuckle Incoming Road: select Sydney from the pick list Match to Label/Point: select EB from the pick list Step 4: Type in the parameter information as noted, left. Make sure you click on to Apply to Right Side, otherwise you will get an alignment on the inside edge of the curve, instead of the outside Step 5: Click on Create/Update Alignment to create the alignment geometry for the knuckle.

The alignment should appear as shown, left. Note: This alignment is editable - simply change the parameters in the form and click on Create/Update Alignment - a new alignment will be

10

generated using the parameters supplied. The alignment Style has been changed to emphasise the location of the alignment in this image.

Vertical Geometry

Step 6: Click on the button Profile Controls to set up the vertical controls for the cul-de-sac:

In this part of the definition you get to set up the vertical and cross section controls. Create Knuckle from Adjacent Road

11

Leave as default Yes to create a profile (independent vertical grading) of the knuckle that reads levels off the connecting Road. Set the 'extend' distances to 8 to ensure that the first 8 and last 8 units (measured along the Road CL alignment) of the knuckle vertical grading match the REVERSE of the slopes for the Road pavement (since Reverse Slopes is ticked on). Step 7: For the Knuckle Design Controls set the following: Section Spacing/Frequency: Set the spacing values to 2m Knuckle Template: Use the pick box to select Sydney Knuckle - this will assign a cross section template matching the cross section of Sydney Road at both ends Adjacent Road Widening Options Here you can automatically 'connect' the knuckle to the adjacent Road - if you want to do this manually select None. In this case leave it to the default shown left - the software will treat the knuckle as its own 'Road' and stretch the Road pavement in to match the knuckle alignment. Step 8: Click on the button Compute and Display Profile to display the Vertical Grading of the knuckle Note: When you click on Compute and Display Profile you are actually creating the knuckle 'road'.

Step 9: Click on the Close button to exit the Create/Edit Cul-de-sac command and obtain full design control over the culde-sac.

The knuckle reads the levels incoming to and outgoing from the knuckle to ensure that there is a match in both levels and grades at each end. There are also IP's automatically assigned working from the start and end of the knuckle - these are 'tracking' the Road levels by projecting the EB levels of the Road out at the (reverse) crossfall, onto the knuckle. If you want to reduce this 'automatic' design, simply use the Create/Edit Knuckle command again and reduce the 'Extend Distance' values. You can use the IP creation and editing tools to change the vertical design around the knuckle as required.

Experiment: Open BOTH the VGE for Sydney and Sydney Knuckle. Move the levels of Sydney up/down near the end of the Road and note that the knuckle incoming and outgoing levels adjust to maintain connectivity with Sydney Street.
Cross Sections

Step 10: Review the cross sections by clicking on the icon on the VGE. The cross section template is applied to the design - open the Design Data Form to make adjustments to the cross sections as required.

12

Step 11: Close the VGE of the knuckle by clicking OK.

Surface Output
Creating the knuckle, in co-ordination with the rest of the Road network, occurs via a single command. Step 13: Click on the Auto Model icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Auto Model] from the menu.

The software will immediately process all the roads, kerb returns and knuckle to form a single Civil 3D surface model of your road network named TotalModel. Shown left is a sample of the surface output, focusing on the knuckle. Note: the surface style has been adjusted to highlight the surface model and triangulation.

Note the trimming and triangulation - the main road is trimmed back where the knuckle is applied. You can continue to make design changes - simply click on the Auto Model icon again to update the surface model.

To edit the knuckle design, open the Vertical Grading Editor by clicking on the icon or selecting [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road] from the menu. When prompted to select an alignment, press [Enter] at the keyboard and then select the knuckle from the list.

Back to Top

Roundabout Design
Roundabouts are useful at crossing roads and T intersections to control traffic movement through the intersection and improve traffic flow. Advanced Road Design (ARD) includes specific design tools to create a Roundabout at an intersection by using the surface model of the intersection and allowing for the crossing roads and kerb returns. This method of creating a Roundabout is very useful for new works and where the intersecting Roads and Kerb returns are being designed using the software. The Roundabout design process does the following:

13

Allows the designer to pick two alignments The inner alignment representing the roundabout island The outer alignment representing the outer edge of the circulating carriageway Enables application of a cross section template for the inner island Includes selection tools to identify the crossing roads and kerb returns in the intersection Drapes the roundabout carriageway and island alignments onto the design surface Trims out the Roads and Kerb Returns where they cross into the Roundabout, as the time of creating a Surface Model Enables design of the internal island to suit specific design conditions.

Design Concept

The Roundabout is to be constructed at the intersection of Stawell Street and Sydney Street. Both of these Roads have been created, as have the kerb returns at the intersection.

The Intersection has been modelled without the Roundabout constructed - the Surface TotalModel has been created. Levels from this surface will be used to set levels onto the Roundabout. Two alignments exist in the drawing for the Roundabout design: Inner Island: this alignment describes the horizontal geometry of the inside edge of the roundabout Outer circulating Carriageway: this alignment describes the horizontal geometry of the outer edge A simple Kerb cross section will be applied for the Roundabout island - the designer can of course design any sort of Template required, and can edit the cross section as appropriate via the VGE.

Creating the Alignments - Information

When your are creating alignments for your roundabouts, it is recommended that the you create the islands in a COUNTER-clockwise direction. It is also recommended that the designer start with two polylines representing the roundabout inner and outer edges, with a very small 'break' at the start/end points. Civil 3D does include a 'fixed curve' layout tool that will create a closed circular alignment - this will be accepted by the software if the alignment is defined in a COUNTER-clockwise direction. In this case, the two alignments are already created and ready to be used.

Creating the Roundabout

Step 1: Click on the icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Create Roundabouts] from the Menu.

Step 2: At the following command prompt, select the INNER alignment:

14

This will open the following form:

Step 3: First, establish the outer edge of the Roundabout, as well as the cross section template for the island and the spacings: 1. Select Template: This is the template for the Centre Island Alignment - use the pick list to apply Metric Island-L to the centre island alignment 2. Section Spacing/Frequency: type 1 for the section spacings for the Roundabout 3. Outer Alignment: Using the pick list, set the Outer Circulating Carriageway alignment as the outer edge of the Roundabout Next, establish which Roads and Kerb Returns are included in the intersection.

Affected Roads

Step 4: Click on the button Add Road to select which Roads cross the roundabout. Step 5: Select Sydney Road by clicking in the drawing. Step 6: Repeat Step 4 and then select Stawell Road in the

15

drawing The next step is to establish the extents of the Road that you would like to sample in a Roundabout model

Step 7: Type in the following Start Chainage and End Chainage values - this covers the intersection zone. Note: The chainage values you set here just act to 'trim' the Roundabout model that can be generated - you need only to specify chainage values either side of the intersection.

Affected Kerb Returns

Step 8: Click on the button Add Kerb to select which Kerb Returns affect the roundabout. Step 9: Select a Kerb Return by clicking in the drawing. Step 10: Repeat Step 8 and select each of the four kerb returns The next step is to establish the extents of the Road that you would like to sample in a Roundabout model

Modelling the Roundabout

Now you are able to create a model of how the Roundabout will interact in the intersection.

Step 11: Tick on the option to Include Roundabout in Totalmodel Surface - this will ensure that next time you click on Auto Model the roundabout will also be there. Step 12: Click on the button Create Intersection Model to build a model of the Roundabout including the selected sections of Sydney and Stawell Roads and the four kerb returns.

The following form will display:

16

ARD will now create a new Civil 3D surface for the Roundabout and part of the intersection. This form provides you with the ability to choose what Surface Style to apply when creating a temporary surface to add the Roundabout to. Step 13: Choose the style No Display from the list and click on OK.

The software will now sample the Roundabout and build the underlying surface that the Roundabout is draped on, followed by a surface incorporating the Roundabout. Step 14: Click OK exit the form. Two NEW surfaces are now created in Civil 3D: INNER ISLAND-TEMP: This is the temporary surface that you set up in the Roundabout form - the software used the levels off this model to establish levels for the Roundabout alignments. This has Surface Style set to 'No Display' INNER ISLAND-FINAL: This is the intersection surface incorporating the Roundabout. A view of the output is as follows:

The INNER ISLAND-FINAL surface is highlighted, left.

The contours clearly describe the change in the modelling to incorporate the Roundabout - you can also see the change in the contours at the edges of the island. The software has automatically applied a hide boundary inside the island - you can remove this boundary as required Special Note: you may need to change the Surface Styles for some of the other surfaces in order to

17

highlight the Roundabout surface as shown, left. The display becomes cluttered otherwise.

This vertically exaggerated 3D view clearly shows the Roundabout and circulating carriageway affecting levels in the intersection.

In order to display the full island internals, some Hide boundaries were removed from the output surface. In your designs, the internal island will probably be 'hidden'. If so: From the Civil 3D Toolspace, click on Prospector Expand out Surfaces - INNER ISLAND FINAL, then expand that out to Definitions and click on Boundaries Note the Hide type boundaries in the list. Right click on each of these and select Delete. This will then display the island information.

Surface Output
You may wish to see the entire road network with the Roundabout. Step : Click on the Auto Model icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Auto Model] from the menu.

The software will immediately process all the roads, kerb returns, knuckle, cul-de-sac and roundabout to form a single Civil 3D surface model of your road network named TotalModel. Shown left is a sample of the surface output, focusing on the roundabout.

18

Note: the surface style has been adjusted to highlight the surface model and triangulation. Note the trimming and triangulation - the roads and kerbs are automatically trimmed to the Roundabout extents. You can continue to make design changes - simply click on the Auto Model icon again to update the surface model.

Roundabout Redesign
The software has modelled the intersection and incorporated the Roundabout. Each of the alignments used in the Roundabout routine now includes a 'profile' or vertical grading that can be edited. As a designer you are likely to want/need to adjust the island levels to suit particular design constraints. To do this: Step 15: Click on the icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road] from the menu. At the prompt press [Enter] to select from the list:

Step 16: Select INNER ISLAND from the list and click OK. You will now open in the Vertical Grading Editor with the

19

capacity to adjust the Roundabout levels:

CONGRATULATIONS! You have now designed a Roundabout using Advanced Road Design! Step 17: Click OK to close the VGE for the roundabout. Save your drawing

Summary
In this tutorial you have learnt: That ARD includes specific design tools to create: Cul-de-sacs Knuckles (localised road widening Roundabouts at designed intersections That cul-de-sacs and knuckles maintain connectivity with the Roads That the software will automatically trim up the Roads and other road elements to form a well defined surface model of the road network

20

Tutorial 5a - Road Overlay

Tutorial Overview
A typical reconstruction project might be the resheeting of an existing road. This tutorial covers the process of modelling an existing road that requires a resheet with the inclusion of new kerb and channel and full depth pavement on one side. Note: It is assumed that you have a fundamental understanding of the basics of in creating and modifying your road models. For more information please refer to Tutorials 1-4.

Goals
Be able to create and modify templates suitable for reconstruction projects including using advanced subgrade options Become familiar with use of the Resheeting tool Understand the uses of design constraints Be to understand and apply the Interpolate variation Understand when to Create Subgrade by Labels and how to create them Time required: 15 minutes

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start - Please start Civil 3D 2008 and open the drawing file C:/CADApps Training Data/Civil 3D 2008/5a_Resheeting.dwg

Overall Site Plan

Design Brief
We have been engaged to reconstruct Delawn Street. The existing road requires resheeting with a minimum 30m asphalt and the open channel on the left needs to be replaced with kerb & channel and a footpath. The new kerb & channel is to be barrier type and 600mm wide full depth pavement is also to be constructed. The pavement profile is 30mm Asphalt Wearing course, 100mm FCR Class 2 Base course and 200mm FCR Class 3 Subbase course.

Surface Data
A single surface of the existing road named NS exists in the drawing.

Alignments
The alignments needed to model the reconstruction have already been created and are as follows:

The Delawn_LEB and Delawn_REB alignments are the proposed edge of bitumen of the reconstructed road.

Typical Section
A typical section of the proposed design is as follows:

The left sawcut line is only required to define the location of the sawcut and the start of the full depth pavement, which is 600mm offset from the new left edge of bitumen.

Active Drawing Settings

Before we create any of the roads/strings we need to check the Active Drawing Settings. Step 1: Click the button from either the Roads - Main, Roads Selection or Roads Design Tools toolbar or select [Roads]-[Settings]-[Active Drawing Settings] from the menu. The Active Drawing Settings form will appear:

The Active Drawing Settings are based on the Global Drawing Settings which are used as the defaults for every new project. For more information refer to Active Drawing Settings and Global Drawing Settings. Step 2: Switch the Active Drawing Settings form to show the Modelling tab. The Modelling tab of the Active Drawing Settings allows you to set and control how Advanced Road Design will model any surface that it creates. Step 3: Set the following if not already set (as shown left): Maximum Triangle Side Length to 100.00m. Tick ON Save the 3D polylines used to build the model. Tick OFF Create mesh for imported faces. Tick OFF Show Model Report Messages. Step 4: Click Save and Exit to save the changes and close the Active Drawing Settings form.

Create the Template

As discussed earlier, the template that we are going to use for this project is the asphalt overlay on both sides of the road and kerb & channel with a footpath on the left side. Step 5: Click the button from either the Roads - Main, Roads Settings or Roads Design Tools toolbar or select [Roads]-[Settings][Create/Edit Templates] from the menu.

Step 6: Click Template Options, then New Local and click on OK. Name the template Delawn and click OK.

The pavement for this reconstruction needs to follow the existing surface so we can get an accurate idea of the asphalt required to reconstruct the road. Step 7: Create the pavement labels of the template by clicking on Create Section. Enter the following (as shown left): New Label = EB Width of Leg = 3.5m Applied Slope = -3% Plot Label = Ticked Subgrade Layer 1: Depth = 0.03m Material = Asphalt

Click on Assign Layer Controls.

From the Advanced Subgrade Options form you can adjust the Fill/Extension Options and Copy Options of any of the subgrade layers that has been defined for the label. When setting a subgrade layer to copy the existing you can also set Minimum/Maximum layer thickness to be applied. Which in our case we use to set the asphalt layer to always be a minimum 30mm. Step 8: Make the first subgrade layer copy the existing surface by entering the following (shown left): Use Copy Option = Yes Minimum Layer Thickness = 0.03m Maximum Fill For Copy = 10m

Click Apply and Exit. Click OK to create the section. The created section will look like (when the Show Fill situation option is selected):

Note: The colours of the template preview have been inverted for clarity. Now we need to add the kerb and channel on the left.

Step 9: Click Create Kerb. The Add Kerb form will open. Enter the following (as shown left): Invert of Kerb Width to 0.45m Depth -0.04m Label INV Top of Kerb Width to 0.04m Depth 0.15m Label TK

Back of Kerb Width to 0.11m Depth 0m Label BK Set the Kerb Depth to 0.2m. Set the Subbase Extension to 0.15m Pick Concrete for the Kerb Material Select FCR Class 3 for the Layer 1 Material As we only want this on the left, select Left Side Only for Select Side to Apply. Click OK to create the Kerb. Since there is a verge between the footpath and the kerb and channel we need to add two more labels. Step 10: Click Add Section and create the follow sections (two in total): First section details (as shown left): New Label = FPI Width of Leg = 1m Applied Slope = 2.5% Select Side to Apply = Left Plot Label = Ticked

Second section details (as shown left): New Label = FPO Width of Leg = 1.5m Applied Slope = 2.5% Subgrade Layer 1: Depth = 0.1m Material = Concrete Select Side to Apply = Left Plot Label = Ticked

The last part of the template that we need to create is the batter on the left side. Step 11: Click on Left Side in the Create Batter Conditions area of the form. Set the Cut Slope and Fill Slope to 1. Click OK.

The completed template will look like:

Notes: 1. At this time the subgrade does NOT account for the saw cutting. We could do it now, however we will wait until we have added the saw cut point into the cross section. 2. The colours of the template preview have been inverted for clarity and it is showing the cut situation. Step 12: Click Save and Exit.

Create Delawn Road

Step 13: Click the button or select [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road]

At the command line you will be prompted Select required road element <ESC to cancel>. Click on or around the Delawn alignment.

The Add Road form will open:

The settings on this form along with the Active Drawing Settings control how your 'road' is initially created. Step 14: Using the drop down list, select the Delawn template. Change the Arc Segment Spacing to 5m (better modelling around the curves) Click Create/Update

The Vertical Grading Editor will open and display the initial 'automatic' vertical design for the road. You can also view the cross sections by clicking .

Widen the left and right sides of pavement

The right side needs to match the existing edge and the left side needs to stretch across to the design edge.

Step 15: Open the Design Data from by clicking on

Step 16: Select VARIATIONS in the Road Design Data list Click on Add/Remove Data, then from the list select Widen to Alignment Click OK.

Step 17: In Design Data Details/Data Editor fill in the following details for the REB variation (as shown left): Label = REB Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 10000m Widen Method = Change Offset & Level Alignment = Delawn_REB Click Update Current Data.

10

The Design Data Detail/Data Editor form will remain open for another entry. Step 18: Fill in the following details for the LEB variation (as shown left: Label = LEB Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 10000m Widen Method = Change Offset & Level Alignment = Delawn_LEB Click Update Current Data. Click Save and Exit to close the Design Data form.

The cross section viewer should immediately show the LEB/REB labels widened, as shown below:

Note: The colours of the cross section preview have been inverted for clarity.

Create the Overlay Grading

As discussed, the requirements for the Vertical Grading are for : There is to be a reasonable longitudinal grade (good vertical curvature, no abrupt grade changes, maybe even with vertical curves).

11

The levels to closely match the existing surface such that the cross section between the left and right side is always at least 30mm above the surface.

Note: The colours of the vertical grading editor have been inverted for clarity.

Step 19: To create the overlay click on

The VC Creation Methods form will open. From here you can choose a variety of methods to create the Vertical Grading of your road. Click on Resheet/Overlay.

12

This form allows you to select a left and right alignment between which the software will do an analyse of the height difference between the existing surface and the design surface thus ensuring that the minimum overlay depth is achieved. Select Delawn_LEB for the Left Side Alignment and Delawn_REB as the Right Side Alignment. Enter the Minimum Overlay Depth as 0.03m. Click Apply and Exit. The software will indicate that a Resheet report is available from the Windows taskbar. This report contains the details on the section by section analysis that the has done. Click OK to dismiss the message.

Step 20: Close the VC Creation Methods form by clicking Close Form. You will be returned to the Vertical Grading Editor showing the adjusted vertical design of the road.

13

The Vertical Grading will now have an IP at every location there is a cross section sampled. If your objective was to only achieve a minimum 30mm overlay and you were not worried about the a smooth vertical grading then the design is complete. Proceed to Step 23. However if you wish to smooth the design out but no go below the 30mm overlay then proceed with the Step below. Note: The colours of the vertical grading window have been inverted for clarity.

Step 21: Open the Design Data form by clicking on

Select Design Constraints in the Road Design Data list and click on Add/Remove Data. Select Resheet and click OK.

In the Design Data Details/Data Editor pick Yes for the Use Resheet and click Update Current Data to apply the changes. Exit the Design Data from by clicking Save and Exit.

14

The original Resheet line will now also be a Design Constraint which can be used to help design and smooth the vertical grading of the road.

Step 22: Delete/Edit the IP's to achieve the desired smoothed vertical design for the road ensuring that you achieve the minimum 30mm overlay depth.

Note: When inserting an IP using either of the Snap to IP creation tools, select as the Snap to object by picking it in the Snap To list:

and

. The Resheet design constraint can be

Note: The colours of the vertical grading window have been inverted for clarity.

Add the New Full Depth Pavement to the Subgrade

Now we need to include a saw cut label in the template that we will use to define the region of full depth pavement, however we do not want this saw cut label to impact of the finished surface levels, just provide a horizontal offset for the saw cut point.

Step 23: Open the Design Data form by clicking on

Expand VARIATIONS if needed and select the last entry, click on Add/Remove Data. Select Interpolate and click OK.

Interpolate allows you to inset a label into the Template that does NOT affect the Template design. It assumes the level of the grade

15

between the labels on either side of it's inserted location. Effectively this is a reference point on the template that horizontal location be defined in several different ways. Step 24: Enter the following: Start Station = 0m End Station = 10000m Before/After = Before Label = LEB New Label = LSAW Offset = -0.6m Click Update Current Data to apply to new label.

OOPS! What happened to the Subgrade?

The template holds a list of Label Pairs - between the pairs of labels it stores the subgrade controls. We need to augment the Template to handle the two new label pairs that we have introduced with the Interpolate, C.L. - LSAW and LSAW - LEB. Step 25: Close the Design Data form by click Save and Exit.

In the Vertical Grading Editor click on Step 26: Click on Set Subgrade on Insert.

Type C.L. for the First Label and LSAW for the Second. Click OK. For the first subgrade layer enter: Depth = 0.03m Material = Asphalt Click on Advanced Layer Controls. For Layer-1 in the Advanced Subgrade Options enter: Use Copy Option = Yes Minimum Layer Thickness = 0.03m Maximum Fill For Copy = 10m

Step 26: Click Apply and Exit, then Apply and Exit again to create the new subgrade. Now we need to create the subgrade for the second label pair. Step 27: Once again click on Set Subgrade on Insert. Type LSAW for the First Label and LEB for the Second. Click OK.

16

Enter the following: Subgrade Layer 1 Depth = 0.03m Material = Asphalt Subgrade Layer 2 Depth = 0.1m Material = FCR Class 2 Subgrade Layer 3 Depth = 0.2m Material = FCR Class 3 Click on Apply and Exit

Step 28: Click Save and Exit to save the template and return to the Vertical Grading Editor. Now the 600mm width of full depth pavement will be included in the model:

Note: The colours of the cross section preview have been inverted for clarity. The slope/crossfall of the LEB label can be adjusted without causing a grade break in the LSAW label:

Note: The colours of the cross section preview have been inverted for clarity.

17

Volume Report
Step 29: To obtain a volume report of the road, click on (Compute Volumes button).

Click OK to dismiss the message regarding the creation of the Volume Report. From the Taskbar open the DELAWN-vol.txt file:

Congratulations! You have just completed your first resheeting job!

Summary
In this tutorial you have learnt: How to be able to create and modify templates suitable for reconstruction projects including using advanced subgrade options About the use the Resheeting tool Understanding of the uses of design constraints To understand and how to apply the Interpolate variation When and how to Create Subgrade by Labels

18

Tutorial 5b - Partial Road Reconstrution

Tutorial Overview
This tutorial represents a typical partial road reconstruction project, where it is required to maintain the existing road formation and increase the width of the road by saw cutting and extending the left and right sides of the road with new full depth pavement, at the same crossfall as the existing roadway. The batters are required to match to the offsets of the building line, and the footpath requires design on the south side to ensure reasonable vehicular access to the properties and to manage low points in the design.

Goals
This tutorial will explore a wide range of reconstruction tools in the software including: Designing a cross section template to cater for inserted features in the cross section (full depth pavement only where the saw cuts and pavement widening occur) Inserting new features into the cross section and matching them horizontally (to an alignment) and vertically (to a surface) Creating a 'matching' surface by extending out the pavement at existing crossfalls Creating an independently graded feature in the cross section (designing the footpath) Time required: 40 minutes

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start - Please start Civil 3D 2008 and open the drawing file C:/CADAPPS Training Data/Civil 3D 2008/ARD2008/5b-Partial-Road-Reconstruction.dwg. You have been engaged to undertake localised road widening works along Allingham Street, Bendigo. It is required to: Saw cut the pavement .5m in from the edge of the Road, where the road pavement width is insufficient. This occurs for the partial length of the road on the south side. Maintain the existing pavement and kerb and channel where saw cutting is not required. Create new full-depth pavement working from the saw cut point out to the design edge of bitumen Extend to the design edge of bitumen and set the levels by extending out at the same crossfall as the existing pavement Project slopes from the back of kerb on the north side to match the existing surface levels at the building line Design a footpath on the south side that, in general, closely matches the existing surface levels (to control property access) and extend the slope project to match the existing surface levels at the building line. The footpath requires independent vertical (profile) design since it's levels/offsets relative to the edge of road will not be constant
Sketch - Cross Section Required

Alignments have been created to control the offsets of each of the features (building line, design edge of bitumen, saw cut lines and the footpath).

Overall Site Plan

Design Conditions - In Plan

Chainage 0 to End - North Side Works (left side widening)

Chainage 196.3 to End - South Side Works (right side widening)

Alignments

AllinghamCL: Design centreline alignment. Includes description r- to identify it as a Road alignment Alignments describing the following existing features: Building lines (where the batters should extend to) LBL: Left building line RBL: Right building line Existing edge of bitumen (where it should be retained) EXREB: Existing right edge of bitumen line Saw cut lines LSAW: Saw cut left side RSAW: Saw cut right side Alignments for the new features: LEB: Design left edge of pavement REB: Design right edge of pavement Footpath Alignment: RFFP: Right Front Footpath
Surfaces

The existing surface DTM-NS

Other Project Data

Lines on the layer AR-Chainages. The start/end of these lines represent locations where we would like to include a cross section in the surface modelling.

Design Process
The design process is as follows: 1. Create a Typical Cross Section Design a 'typical' cross section that allows for the inclusion of saw cut 'labels' in the design Include labels for the left and right building lines that are included for the full length of the design 2. Create the Road and set the centreline levels Create a Road with the designed cross section Grade the Centreline levels to match the existing surface 3. Set the existing right edge of bitumen levels to match Set the levels and offsets of the right edge of bitumen label to match the existing levels and offsets of the kerb 4. Create the 'Saw Cut' lines Insert the saw cut points and automatically 'drape' them onto the existing surface 5. Set the design edge of bitumen levels Create a temporary surface by extending out the existing pavement crossfalls Drape the edge of bitumen levels onto the temporary surface to guarantee matching crossfalls 6. Match to the building line

Extend out the design to match the building line alignments 7. Design the footpath Create and grade a profile for the footpath Assign the profile offsets/levels to the inner edge of the footpath of the cross section

Partial Road Construction

1. Create a Typical Cross Section
It is important to plan your cross section. In this case it is required to create a template that includes the following features: A 'standard' pavement shape with a centreline and edge of bitumen and kerb and channel both sides A footpath is required on the right side only. Apply a default width and slope - these will be 'over-ridden' later on when you independently grade the footpath A label should be included on both the left and right sides to represent the building lines - apply a default width and slope since you will push this feature onto the building line at the natural surface Allowance for the subgrade to be designed when the Saw Cut labels are included. In this example we will create the Saw Cut labels using the label names LSAW (for the saw cut left of the centreline) and RSAW (for the saw cut right of the centreline)
Opening the Template Editor

To open the Template Editor: Step 1: Click on the icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Settings]-[Create/Edit Templates] from the Menu.

For this design, create a new template. Step 2: Click on the Template Options button - from the list of options select New Local to make a new local template.

Step 3: Name the new template Allingham and then click on OK. A new template named Allingham is now created, ready for you to add new sections/legs.
Creating the Allingham Road Reconstruction Template

Step 4: Click on the button Create Section :

Step 5: At the form fill in the details as shown, left. Note that no subgrade is specified, since it is assumed that the design is matching the existing surface levels between the road centreline and the existing edge of bitumen. Summary of input: New Label: EB Width of Leg: 3 Plot Label: Tick ON Step 6: Click on Apply and Exit to add this section to the template.

Step 7: Click on the button Create Kerb :

Step 8: At the form fill in the details as shown, left. Step 9: Click on OK to add this kerb section.

Step 10: Create the footpath for the right side of the Road:

Click on Create Section. Set up the details as noted, left. Note: Don't forget to set the Select Side To Apply to Right - otherwise you will end up with a footpath on both sides and need to Delete these sections. Click Apply and Exit to create the section.

Click on Create Section. Set up the details as noted, left. Note: Don't forget to set the Select Side To Apply to Right - otherwise you will end up with a footpath on both sides and need to Delete these sections. Click Apply and Exit to create the section.

Now let's add sections for the Building Line:

Step 11: Click on Create Section. Set up the details as noted, left. Click Apply and Exit to create the sections. Here's what you should have:

Allowing for Saw Cuts We actually use the Template Editor to account for when the Saw Cut lines are being used. There are two scenarios in the design: No Saw Cuts

Saw Cuts being Applied

To do this we tell the software how to behave when the Saw Cut Label (LSAW and RSAW) exist. It is required to specify a full depth pavement between the labels LSAW and LEB, and RSAW and REB. To do this: Step 12: Click on the button Set Subgrade on Insert. The following form will display:

Here you specify what happens to the subgrade in the event that these two labels exist and define a section (leg) of the template between them. Step 13: Type in LEB and LSAW as the label pairs and click OK.

Step14: Set the depths and materials as shown, left. Click on Apply and Exit to assign the subgrade. Step 15: Click on the button Set Subgrade on Insert to establish the subgrade conditions when the right saw cut is in effect. Step 16: Type in REB and RSAW as the label pairs and click OK.

Step17: Set the depths and materials as shown, left. Click on Apply and Exit to assign the subgrade. Now we have a fully functional template that will account for the inclusion of the saw cut lines in the design. Since the building line labels will match to the existing surface the Left Side and Right Side batters are not required. Step 18: Click on Save and Exit to exit the Template Editor. Next step is to create a Road using the AllinghamCL alignment and apply this template.

2. Create the Road and Set the Centreline Levels

Now it is time to create the Road and apply the Template, then 'drape' the road centreline onto the existing surface. Step 19: Click on the Create/Edit Road icon or select [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road] from the menu.

At the command line you will be prompted to Select required road alignment. Click on the AllinghamCL alignment.

Using the pick box next to Select Template, choose Reconstruction with Saw Cuts. Leave the Select Sampling Surface to the default. You want the Section Widths to extend to the building lines. To do this: Click on Set Section Widths At the Set Section Width Forms make the following changes: Left Width: 20 Right Width: 20 Exit the form Where the saw cuts that are applied, there are a number of direction changes in the saw cut lines - it would be prudent to sample a section wherever the direction of the saw cut

changes, so that we accurately model the saw cuts. To assist in this, the design includes lines on the layer AR-Chainages that run underneath the saw cut alignments. Click on Use Layers to add cross section sampling based on the start/end of lines in the drawing on the layer AR-Chainages.

Set the details as noted above (use the pick box to select the layer AR-Chainages) and click on Apply and Exit Step 20: Leave all other options to the defaults and click on Create/Update to create the Road. The Vertical Grading Editor immediately displays - a default design has been applied to the centreline, and the selected cross section is also applied along the road. Sample sections have been added for every change in direction of the saw cuts.

Special Note: It is very helpful to have the cross section annotated with either the cross section labels or the slopes - this helps with your design process. If this information is not displayed click on the Display Settings icon and toggle on the option to 'Show Details on Cross Section'.
'Draping' the centreline onto the existing Surface

There are a range of tools available for 'snapping' IP's onto the surface, however automated tools also exist to make this process more efficient. To automatically set the centreline levels to match the existing surface, do the following: Step 21: From the Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) window, click on the icon you to select the method for establishing levels on the centreline: Compute VC from Existing Data located top right. This will open the following form to enable

Step 22: Click on the button Match to Sampled Surface. This will automatically set the levels of the Road centreline so that it matches the surface at each sampled section. Step 23: Click on the button Close Form to return to the Vertical Grading Editor. Levels have now been assigned to the vertical grading (profile):

Now that the road centreline vertical grading set it is time to look at managing the cross sections.

3. Set the existing right edge of bitumen levels to match

From Chainage 0 to Chainage 196.3, the right side of the road does not require widening, and it is desired to set the edge of bitumen levels to match the existing (DTM-NS) surface. This can be undertaken very readily since the alignment for the edge of bitumen is already established. Since we want to maintain a level relationship with the existing (or any) surface it is not required to independently grade the existing edge of bitumen using an independent Profile (this will be done with the footpath, below). Step 24: From the VGE, click on the Design Data Form icon to edit the cross section. The Design Data Form will display:

Step 25: Click on the line VARIATIONS and then click on the Add/Remove Data button. Step 26: Select Label to Surface as the edit option and then click OK.

Step 27: Fill in the details as shown below for the new Label to Surface entry:

Set the label to REB and the extents from 0 to 10000 (the software will only apply the control for the extents of the alignment, where one is specified - otherwise set the correct chainage range!) Step 28: Click on the button Update Current Data to set the levels of REB to match the existing terrain up to the start of the widening. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the deleted footpath sections. Chainage 0-196.3 - AFTER setting levels

Now the design edge of bitumen offsets and levels match to the existing. Toggle through the chainages and note the change back to -3% crossfall and constant width after Chainage 196.3 - next steps are to include the saw cut and then work on the new edge of bitumen levels.

4. Create the 'Saw Cut' Lines

A saw cut line is required along the full length of the Road for the northern (left) side. Along the southern (right) side the saw cut starts around Chainage 196.3. To create these in the design we need to insert new Labels into the cross section. Where the saw cut lines exist the levels need to match the existing surface (DTM-NS) and offsets match the alignments (LSAW and RSAW). The alignments have been created with a .5m offset from the existing edges of bitumen, as per the design brief.
Saw Cut - Left Side

If you have exited the Design Data Form please click on the

icon.

Step 29: Click on the last data listing line under the VARIATIONS heading and then click on the Add/Remove Data button. Step 30: Select Insert With Surface as the edit option and then click OK. Step 31: Fill in the details as shown below for the new Insert with Surface entry:

Set the extents from 0 to 10000 (the software will only apply the control for the extents of the alignment). Set the new label to LSAW and position it AFTER the C.L. label. Set the surface levels to match DTM-NS and the alignment to be LSAW Step 32: Click on the button Update Current Data to insert a NEW label LSAW and set the levels to match the existing terrain. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the inserted saw cut.

Note that the cross section 'automatically' includes the full depth pavement where the LSAW label is created - you set this up in the Template Editor when you used the Set Subgrade on Insert option to assign a full depth pavement between the LSAW and LEB labels.
Saw Cut - Right Side

If you have exited the Design Data Form please click on the

icon from the VGE.

Step 33: Click on the last data listing line under the VARIATIONS heading and then click on the Add/Remove Data button. Step 34: Select Insert With Surface as the edit option and then click OK. Step 35: Fill in the details as shown below for the new Insert with Surface entry:

Set the extents from 0 to 10000 (the software will only apply the control for the extents of the alignment). Set the new label to RSAW and position it AFTER the C.L. label. Set the surface levels to match DTM-NS and the alignment to be RSAW Step 36: Click on the button Update Current Data to insert a NEW label RSAW and set the levels to match the existing terrain. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the inserted saw cuts.

Scroll through the sections - note that the pavement 'disappears' on the right side where the saw cut is not applied. The two saw cuts match the existing surface levels at every cross section. The crossfalls for the new pavement, however, are set to the 'default' -3% - the next step is to assign the crossfalls of the existing pavement (between the centreline and the saw cut lines) to the full depth pavement sections. Step 37: Click on OK to close the Vertical Grading Editor.

5. Set the design edge of bitumen levels

There are two methods for setting the levels of the design edge of bitumen levels to carry the existing crossfalls between the centreline and the saw cuts: 1. Create independent Profiles/Strings for the design edge of bitumen lines, set the levels to work and then apply them to the cross section labels via the Design Data Form (apply a Use Profile Variation) 2. Create a surface that extends out from the saw cut lines at the existing grade, then force the EB labels to match the levels to this surface via the Design Data Form (apply a Label to Surface Variation) Since we don't need to mix and match between matching grades and doing our own vertical design, we are going to use the second option of creating a 'matching' surface and then matching the EB levels to this surface. The independent vertical grading control process is discussed below when we look at the footpath design associated with these road works.
Creating a new Surface based on the Design

To make a matching surface model: Step 38: Click on the menu: Create/Edit Road Matching Model icon (from the Road Design Tools toolbar) or selecting [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road Matching Model] from the

10

Step 39: Set the following: Road Name: AllinghamCL (this is the road to extract levels from) Model Name: Extend Saw Cuts (This is the name of the surface that will be created in Civil 3D Start Chainage: 0 End Chainage: 10000 Left Feature: LSAW (this is the label of the cross section to widen out from) Right Feature: RSAW (this is the layer of the cross section to widen out from) Extend Left: 5m (distance to extend out the surface from LSAW Extend Right: 5m (distance to extend out the surface from RSAW Step 40: Click on the button Create Model.

The output surface is shown, below:

Have a look in the Civil 3D Toolspace, Prospector tab. Note that a new surface called Extended Saw Cuts has now been created. This surface extends out 5m beyond the LSAW and RSAW labels, using the slopes calculated between the centreline (CL label) and the saw cuts to determine the levels. Now we can simply 'drape' the design edge of bitumen labels onto this new surface - the slopes will match the existing pavement.

Match the Design Edge of Bitumen levels

Now to assign the levels of LEB and REB to the Extended Saw Cuts surface: Step 41: Open the Vertical Grading Editor by clicking on the AllinghamCL. Step 42: From the VGE click on the Design Data form. icon or selecting [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road] from the menu. At the prompt, click on the Road alignment for

Step 43: Click on the last data listing line under the VARIATIONS heading and then click on the Add/Remove Data button. Step 44: Select Label to Surface as the edit option and then click OK. Step 45: Fill in the details as shown below for the new Label to Surface entry:

11

Set the extents from 0 to 10000 (the software will only apply the control for the extents of the alignment). Set the label to adjust as LEB Set the surface levels to match Extended Saw Cuts and the alignment to be LEB Step 46: Click on the button Update Current Data to set the levels of LEB to match the matching surface model. Step 47: Repeat Steps 42 to 44. Fill in the details as shown below:

Set the label to adjust as REB Set the surface levels to match Extended Saw Cuts and the alignment to be REB Step 48: Click on the button Update Current Data to set the levels of REB to match the matching surface model. The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the results.

The only things left to do in the design are to set the slopes to match up at the building lines, then to design the footpath.

6. Match to the Building Line

Matching up to the building line uses the same technique as applied for the existing right edge of bitumen and the LEB and REB design edges. Step 49: If you have exited the Design Data Form, click on the Design Data form icon.

Step 50: Click on the last data listing line under the VARIATIONS heading and then click on the Add/Remove Data button.

12

Step 51: Select Label to Surface as the edit option and then click OK. Step 52: Fill in the following details: Label: LBL Start Chainage: 0 End Chainage: 1000 Surface: DTM-NS Optional Alignment: LBL Step 53: Click on Update Current Data to assign the left building line levels. Step 54: Repeat Steps 49-51 and fill in the following details: Label: RBL Start Chainage: 0 End Chainage: 1000 Surface: DTM-NS Optional Alignment: RBL Step 55: Click on Update Current Data to assign the left building line levels. The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the results.

The road design is complete - it is now time to set the offsets and levels for the footpath. Step 56: Click on the icon at the top right corner of the AllignhamCL Vertical Grading Editor to minimise it - note that it turns up in the Windows 'tray' at the bottom for you to click on and 'Restore' it when required. We are just minimising the display so that we can 'operate' on the footpath grading. We will then display both and explore the connectivity between the features.

7. Design the Footpath

The footpath runs for the full length of the road, south (right) side. In order to guarantee appropriate property access along the southern side of the road, you are required to independently grade the footpath to ensure reasonable crossfalls at the driveways and to limit works to within the road reserve. The process for obtaining independent vertical (and horizontal) control in the cross section is as follows: Create an alignment for the feature you want to independently grade (setting the horizontal geometry) Create an independent vertical grading of this feature using the Create String/Profile command. 'Assign' the String/Profile to the footpath using the Use Profile Variation (accessed via the Design Data Form on the Vertical Grading Editor In this case the horizontal geometry is already sorted out - you have the alignment RFFP in the drawing to use for the inside edge of the footpath.
Creating a Profile/String

Independently graded features are extremely useful since they provide total flexibility in the shape and levels of your cross sections. A profile/string created in Advanced Road Design can be applied to any road feature, or can be independently designed and used to create a surface or for plotting, etc. Imagine we wanted to independently design the levels of the left or right edge of bitumen - we would use a Profile/String to achieve this. In this case we will create a Profile/String to represent the offset and levels we want for the footpath. Step 57: Click on the Create String/Profile icon or select [Roads]-[Create String/Profile] from the menu.

At the command line you will be prompted to Select alignment, or press Enter to select from a list. Click on the RFFP alignment, located just north of the Building Line alignment (RBL).

13

Leave all the settings to the default and click on Create/Update. Special Note: Have a look at the Alignment/Road Name - if this doesn't say RFFP then you have picked the wrong alignment. Click on Cancel in this case and try again. A new Profile is created, for you to set levels for. The Vertical Grading Editor immediately displays - a default design has been applied to the footpath. Sample sections have been as per the sampling arrangements set above.

You are now setting the levels you want for the inside edge of the footpath - use the IP editing tools to adjust the levels as desired. The next steps are to set the cross section of AllinghamCL to make use of this vertical grading.
Assigning a Profile/String to a Road Cross Section feature

Now it is time to display both the Footpath (RFFP) VGE and the AllignhamCL VGE. Step 58: The AllignhamCL VGE should be sitting in the Windows tray at the bottom - simply click on it to reopen it and display it on the screen Special Note: If you have closed the AllignhamCL vertical grading, simply click on the select the AllignhamCL road alignment. Create/Edit Road icon or select [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road] from the menu, then

14

Step 59: Reposition the two VGE windows so they are both displayed on the screen - you may wish to arrange them so that you can also see the model in the background - this will allow you to see the 'tracker' displaying the position of your vertical design in the plan. The next step is to set the footpath label for AllinghamCL to use the RFFP Profile/String. Step 59: For the AllinghamCL Vertical Grading Editor, click on the Design Data form icon.

Step 60: Click on the last data listing line under the VARIATIONS heading and then click on the Add/Remove Data button (if you don't see any entries here, you have probably accessed the Design Data form for the RFFP vertical grading!). Step 61: Select Use Profile as the edit option and then click OK.

Step 62: Fill in the details as shown below for the new Use Profile entry:

Set the Label to adjust to be RFPI. Set the extents from 0 to 10000 (full extents of the profile/string). Make sure the Select Method is set to Change Offset & Level - otherwise only the horizontal or the vertical will be applied to the label. Set the profile to RFFP .

15

Step 63: Click on the button Update Current Data to set the levels of RFPI to match the string RFFP. The Design Data Listing will update with the new entry:

The Cross Section Viewer can be used immediately to review the change in the RFPI label.

There is now a permanent association between the two Vertical Grading Windows.

Experiment: Change the IP levels in the RFFP Vertical Grading Editor window and note the immediate impact on the cross sections in the AllinghamCL Vertical Grading Editor window. Stop editing the levels of the RFFP String when you are satisfied with the levels of the footpath.

CONGRATULATIONS! The design is now Complete! You should proceed to generate outputs of your design.

Outputs
Surface Output
Step 64: Click on the Auto Model icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Auto Model] from the menu.

Click on OK and accept the warning messages - the software is advising that there a no kerb returns designed, so intersections will be truncated, as well as advising of other reports generated (you can suppress the ancillary reports). The software will immediately process the AllinghamCL Road and create the surface TotalModel.

16

Shown left is a sample of the surface output. Note the following attributes of the design: The crossfall of the existing pavement is extended out to the design edges The batters extend to the building lines The footpath is independently graded - the crossfall from the back of the kerb to the footpath is variable. Note: the temporary surface has been 'turned off' by changing the Surface Style - this simplifies the display You can continue to make design changes - simply click on the Auto Model icon again to update the surface model.

Cross Section Output

Step 65: Click on the Plot Cross Sections icon to create cross section outputs for the road. At the prompt, click on the AllinghamCL alignment.

Step 66: When prompted at the Section Plotting form, select the option Selected Sections. The Cross Section preview window will display and the Cross Section Plotting preferences form. Click on the button Load Style and select your preferred style of display, or select Standard.xxp7 if you didn't create one in Tutorial 1. Special Note: Depending on the Plot Style you have recalled, some or all of the above steps to edit the sections may not be required. The steps below ASSUME application of the Standard.xxp7 plot style. The cross section display needs to be improved. To do this: Step 67: Toggle to the Formatting tab. At the Format heading, use the pick list to set the format method to 'No Offsets': This will suppress the offset/level information displaying for all grade break changes in the natural surface.

Step 67: Toggle to the General tab on the plotting preferences form:

17

Step 68: Make the changes as shown, left. In summary: Set the XScale to 200 Set the Column Spacing to 30 Left Line Width and Left Text Width to -25 Set the Right Line Width and Right Text Width to 18 Set the Column Method to No Overlap Step 69: Click on Update Display to view the changes in plotting preferences. Step 70: Use the chainage pick list to select Chainage 200 and view the cross section:

If desired, click on Plot To Layout to generate the cross sections in your drawing.

Long Section Output

Step 71: Click on the Plot Long Sections icon to create cross section outputs for the road. At the prompt, click on the AllinghamCL alignment.

Step 72: When prompted at the Section Plotting form, select the option Selected Sections. The Long Section preview window will display and the Cross Section Plotting preferences form. Click on the button Load Style and select your preferred style of display, or select Standard.xxp7 if you didn't create one in Tutorial 1. Special Note: Depending on the Plot Style you have recalled, some or all of the above steps to edit the sections may not be required. The steps below ASSUME application of the Standard.xxp7 plot style. The long section display could be improved - we don't really need the grade information for the design centreline, and it would be beneficial to include the footpath Profile/String. To do this: Step 73: Click on the Surfaces tab. The first thing to do is to Edit the design profile:

18

Highlight the last line in the list and then click on Delete Current Line - the 'design' centreline data is removed.

Add the Design Edge of Bitumen

Step 74: From the options in the Add Profile Bands tab, click on Add Profile twice to add each of the labels denoting the design edge. Set for BOTH LEB and REB labels, as shown below:

Fill in the details as shown, above, then click OK .

Add the Footpath

Fill in the details as shown, above, then click OK .

Step 75: From the options in the Add Profile Bands tab, click on Add Profile: Step 76: Make the changes as shown, left. In summary: Set the Profile to RFFP and Show VC and Grades Provide the Heading of RIGHT FOOTPATH Set the Plot Selection layer to LPLOT-DESIGN-RIGHT1 Step 77: Click on to OK to set the new profile.

Step 78: Exit the forms to return to the plotting preferences form and click on Update Display:

19

If desired, click on Plot to Layout to generate sheets of the long sections.

Summary
In this tutorial you have learnt: You can set up your cross section template to automatically assign particular subgrades when new labels are inserted You can insert new features into the cross section, and automatically drape them onto any surface model and use an alignment for the offsets How to set parts of the cross section to use a surface for levels and an alignment for offsets That you can create a 'matching' surface by extending out the pavement (or any feature of the cross section) at existing crossfalls How to create an independently graded feature in the cross section (designing the footpath)

20

Tutorial 5c - Intersection Reconstruction

Tutorial Overview
A typical reconstruction project might be the upgrade of an existing intersection. In this tutorial, we will be looking at supplementing a existing intersection with a new roundabout. We will be exploring the tools available in Advanced Road Design to assist in the modelling of the project. Note: It is assumed that you have a fundamental understanding of the basics of in creating and modifying your road models. For more information please refer to Tutorials 1-4.

Goals
Be able to create and modify templates suitable for reconstruction projects including using advanced subgrade options Be able to drape a vertical design on the sampled surface Understand the uses of design constraints Be competent in using the variations to manipulate your road model Be able to create surface model of separate 'Road' components (Islands, etc.) Time required: 25 minutes

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start - Please start Civil 3D 2008 and open the drawing file C:/CADApps Training Data/Civil 3D 2008/5c_Intersection_Reconstruction.dwg.

Overall Site Plan

Design Brief

We have been engaged to upgrade the existing intersection of Brewster Road, O'Rorke Street and Bloomfield Way with a new roundabout and associated elements to better manage the movement of traffic through the intersection (as shown above). The intersection is sufficiently large enough to accommodate the new roundabout (including circulating carriageway) and splitter islands in fact a widening of the kerb on the approach of Brewster Road is required to narrow the road as it approaches the roundabout. Since the condition of the approaching roads is quite good, they do not require reconstruction, we only need to drape the circulating carriageway of the roundabout, the splitter islands and kerb widening on the existing surface and grade the roundabout island to manage to crossfalls of the circulating carriageway.

Surface Data
A single surface of the existing intersection named NS exists in the drawing. A Outer boundary has also been applied to this surface to control the extents of triangulation.

Alignments
The alignments to model the intersection have already been created and are as follows:

Notes: 1. There must be at least one "Road" in every project, in this case we have use an 'r-' in the Alignment Description field for the Kerb Widening. All other intersection elements will be created as Strings/Profiles which require no specific Alignment Descriptions. 2. You CANNOT create a closed alignment, there must be a definitive start and end point. Only a small gap (0.01m) is required.

Active Drawing Settings

Before we create any of the roads/strings we need to check the Active Drawing Settings. Step 1: Click the button from either the Roads - Main, Roads Selection or Roads Design Tools toolbar or select [Roads]-[Settings][Active Drawing Settings] from the menu. The Active Drawing Settings form will appear:

The Active Drawing Settings are based on the Global Drawing Settings which are used as the defaults for every new project. For more information refer to Active Drawing Settings and Global Drawing Settings.

Step 2: Switch the Active Drawing Settings form to show the Modelling tab.

The Modelling tab of the Active Drawing Settings allows you to set and control how Advanced Road Design will model any surface that it creates. Step 3: Set the following if not already set (as shown left): Maximum Triangle Side Length to 100.00m. Tick ON Save the 3D polylines used to build the model. Tick OFF Create mesh for imported faces. Tick OFF Show Model Report Messages.

Step 4: Click Save and Exit to save the changes and close the Active Drawing Settings form.

Create the Kerb Widening

The first component that we are going to model is the kerb widening on the approach of Brewster Road. As previously mentioned the alignment for this kerb widening has already been drawn (Kerb). It was drafted to match into the existing kerb and channel at the lip and the start/end of the alignment. Since we are widening the kerb & channel we need to infill the region between the old and the new and as such an additional alignment has been drawn that follows the existing kerb and channel (Kerb - LMatch). Typical Section:

Create the Kerb 'Road'

Step 5: Click the button or select [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road]

At the command line you will be prompted Select required road element <ESC to cancel>. Click on or around the Kerb alignment. The Add Road form will open: The settings on this form along with the Active Drawing Settings control how your 'road' is initially created. Since the Kerb alignment has a 'r-' description, the Road Type has automatically been set to Road.

Step 6: Leave the template as Metric Road, we will create and apply a template later. Ensure that NS is selected as the Sampling Surface. Set the Arc, Spiral and Tangent/Straight Spacings to 1m as shown left. Click Set Section Widths: From this form you can set/adjust how far the cross sections will be sampled either side of the alignment. In this case we want to limit the sampling on the right (1m) and only sample far enough on the left to cover the widening (6m).

Step 7: Set the Left Width to 5m and the Right Width to 1m as shown above. Click OK to accept the values and close the Set Section Width form. To more accurately match the model into the existing kerb & channel we need to add some additional sampling points at the sharp changes in direction of the Kerb-LMatch alignment (the existing driveway laybacks) Step 8: Click Add Extra Sampling:

This form allows you to specify additional sample that is required for your model, either a single chainage or a range of chainages with a frequency can be added.

Step 9: Click Insert Chainages. At the command line you will be prompted to Locate start chainage for road KERB. Using the Object Snaps locate the first point of the first driveway layback, Chainage 21.787. At the command line you will then be prompted to Locate end chainage for road KERB. To add the chainage a single chainage press the Escape key to return to the Additional Spacings form and do not enter a value for the Spacing/Frequency.

Step 10: Repeat Step 9 for the remaining sample points to be added. There should be a total of 12, as shown right. Click OK to add the sample lines and close the form. Note: The Use Layers option when creating the 'Road' could be used as an alternative way to add the additional sampling. This option allows you to use any layer in the drawing to additional sampling defined by the start and end of lines drawn on the layer.

Step 11: Create the Kerb 'Road' by clicking on the Create/Update button. The Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) will open to showing the automatic Vertical Grading of the Kerb 'Road'. The default Metric Road template has been applied to the road however we need to create a template appropriate to the job.

Create & Apply Kerb Template

The process of creating a template is covered in detail in Tutorial 1.

Step 12: Click on

(Create Template button).

Create a new template by clicking on Template Options button, select New Local and click on OK. Name the template Kerb & Channel and click OK.

The C.L. is the Lip of Kerb/Edge of Bitumen so first we need to create the kerb and channel on the left. Its shape needs to match the existing kerb and channel which is Barrier Type with a 450mm gutter.

Step 13: Click Create Kerb. The Add Kerb form will open. Enter the follow for the Define Kerb Shape Parameters (as shown right): Invert of Kerb Width to 0.45m Depth -0.04m Label INV Top of Kerb Width to 0.04m Depth 0.15m Label TK Back of Kerb Width to 0.11m Depth 0m Label BK Set the Kerb Depth to 0.2m. As we only want this on the left, select Left Side Only for Select Side to Apply. Set the Kerb Material to Concrete. Click OK to create the Kerb.

Now we need to create the template label/leg to match into the existing surface Since this label will be controlled by an alignment it only needs a nominal width (say 0.001m). We also need to create a material for this 'Infill' region. Step 14: Click Templates Options, select Material List and click OK.

The Material List defines all the available materials that can be assigned to the subgrade of a label in your templates.

Step 15: In the first blank line add a new material called Infill. Click OK to save and close the form.

Step 16: Click Create Section. From this form you can create a section for your cross section template.

Enter the following details (as shown right): Enter MATCH for New Label Set the Width of Leg to 0.001m Tick ON Vertical Distance Set the Vertical Distance to 0m Select Left for the Side to Apply Tick ON Plot Label Make the Depth of the first Subgrade Layer 0.1m Set the Material for the first Subgrade Layer to Infill Step 17: To make the Infill subgrade layer follow the existing surface, click Assign Layer Controls.

The Advanced Subgrade Options form will open:

From here you can adjust the Fill/Extension Options and Copy Options of any of the subgrade layers that has been defined for the label. When setting a subgrade layer to copy the existing you can also set Minimum/Maximum layer thickness to be applied. Which, for example, could be used to set a minimum asphalt overlay thickness and milling depth. This will be explored further creating a template for the circulating carriageway of the roundabout later in this tutorial. Step 18: To make the first subgrade layer (Layer-1) follow the existing surface enter the following (as shown above): Choose Yes for Use Copy Option Set the Minimum Layer Thickness to 0m Set the Maximum Layer thickness to 1m Choose Infill as the Alternate Material for Copy Click Apply and Exit to save and close the Advanced Subgrade Options form. Click OK add the Section to the template Step 19: Change the Plot option for the LBK label to Y.

The completed template will look like:

Note: The colours of the template preview have been inverted for clarity. Step 20: Save the template by clicking on Save and Exit. Now we need to apply this new Kerb & Channel template to the road.

Step 21: Click on

(Design Data Form button).

Step 22: From the Design Data Listing expand Template Data by clicking on the +. Select the existing entry. From the Design Data Details/Data Editor on the right, use the drop down list for Template Name to pick Kerb & Channel Click on Update Current Data to apply the changes.

The cross section preview will now show the Kerb and Channel template being applied to the road:

10

Note: The colours of the cross section preview have been inverted for clarity. Step 23: Click Save and Exit to close the form.

Drape the Vertical Grading

As the kerb widening is to match into the existing kerb and channel, it's Vertical Grading only needs to be draped on the existing surface.

Step 24: Click on

(Compute VC from Existing Data button).

The VC Creation Methods form will open. From here you can choose a variety of methods to create the Vertical Grading of your road.

Click on Match to Sampled Surface (as shown right) to drape the vertical design on the sampled (existing) surface. Click Close Form to finish.

An IP will have been created at every cross section sample point at the level of the existing surface, thus draping the whole Vertical Design on the sampled surface. As shown below:

11

Note: The colours of the VGE window have been inverted for clarity.

Vary the Infill label (LMatch)

To complete the kerb widening model we need to vary the LMatch label to follow the Kerb - LMatch alignment and drape it on the existing surface.

Step 25: Click on

(Design Data Form button).

12

Note: The colours of the cross section preview have been inverted for clarity. Step 26: Select VARIATIONS from the Road Design Data list and click on Add/Remove Data. From the Select Item to Insert list pick Label to Surface and click OK. The Label to Surface variation allows to modify a labels level to that of a selected surface model with an optional height adjustment. In addition an alignment can also be specified to control the horizontal location of the label. Step 27: Enter the following details (as shown left): Pick LMatch as the Label Enter 0m as the Start Chainage Enter 100m as the End Chainage Select NS as the Surface Pick Kerb - LMatch as the Optional Alignment Click Update Current Data to apply the variation.

The cross section preview will now show the LMatch label following the existing surface matching in to the 'old' kerb as shown below.

Note: The colours of the cross section preview have been inverted for clarity. Any of the sampled cross sections can be shown in the Preview, simply use the Select Chainage to Display drop down list to pick the desired Cross Section Step 28: Click on the Save and Exit button.

Surface Model
Step 29: To create a Civil 3D surface model of just the Kerb 'Road' click on the A surface model of the Kerb 'Road' will be created in the drawing which will look like: (Create Road Contours button).

13

Step 30: Click OK to save all the data and close the Vertical Grading Editor.

Create the Roundabout

Now we are going to design the Roundabout at the intersection. The alignment for the Roundabout has already been drawn. The typical section is shown below with a central island and a 5.1m wide circulating carriageway. Whilst the intention is to drape the roundabout on the existing surface, a certain amount of redesign (milling and asphalt filling) is required. We will grade the central island so that the crossfall of the circulating carriageway are within an acceptable tolerance when it is draped on the existing road surface using Design Constraints. Typical Section:

14

Create the Roundabout Profile/String

Step 31: Click the button or select [Roads]-[Create String/Profile].

At the command line you will be prompted Select alignment, or press Enter to select from a list. Click on or around the Roundabout alignment. The Add Road form will open: Since the Roundabout alignment has no description, the Road Type has automatically been set to Profile.

15

Step 32: Leave the Template as <None>, we will create and apply a template later. Ensure that NS is selected as the Sampling Surface. Set the Arc, Spiral and Tangent/Straight Spacings to 1m as shown left. Click on Set Section Widths: Set the Left Width to 2m and the Right Width to 6m as shown above. Click OK to accept the values and close the Set Section Width form.

Step 33: Create the Roundabout by clicking on the Create/Update button.

The Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) will open to showing the automatic Vertical Grading of the Roundabout.

Create & Apply Roundabout Template

Step 34: Click on (Create Template button).

Create a new template by clicking on Template Options button, select New Local and click on OK. Name the template Roundabout and click OK. First we are going to create the kerb for the Roundabout Island, on the left of the C.L. Although we could use the Create Kerb command (setting the Top of Kerb and Back of Kerb to be 0.001m apart) we are going to create the kerb firstly by entering the Geometry in the Data fields and then create the Kerb Subgrade using the Edit Section command.

Step 35: Enter the following in the Template Data Entry (as shown left): Leg 1 (Top of Kerb)) Horizontal Distance 0.19m Vertical Distance 0.125m Plot (Y/N) N Label LTK Leg 2 (Back of Kerb) Horizontal Distance 0.11m Vertical Distance 0m Plot (Y/N) Y Label LBK

16

Step 36: Click on Edit Kerb. You will be prompted to Select kerb line to edit, click OKK and then click somewhere between the C.L. and LBK labels on the template preview window (as shown above).

The Select Labels form will appear. This allows you to specify a Kerb between any two labels that exist in you template. Step 37: Select the C.L. and LBK from the drop down lists for Label 1 and 2. Click OK.

17

Step 38: In the Create Subgrade for Kerbs form enter the following: Set the Kerb Depth to 0.2m Select Concrete for the Kerb Material Click Apply and Exit.

Now we are going to make the Circulating Carriageway. This section of the template is 5.1m wide and, similarly to the 'Infill' of the Kerb Widening, it needs to map to the existing surface however it also needs to have a minimum thickness of 30mm.

Step 39: Create the Circulating Carriageway section by clicking on Create Section. Enter the following details (as shown left):: Enter MATCH for New Label Set the Width of Leg to 5.1m Tick ON Vertical Distance Set the Vertical Distance to 0m Select Right for the Side to Apply Tick ON Plot Label Make the Depth of the first Subgrade Layer 0.03m Set the Material for the first Subgrade Layer to Asphalt

18

Click on Assign Layer Controls. Set the following for the first Layer ((Layer -1): Select Yes for Use Copy Option Enter 0.03m for the Minimum Layer Thickness Enter 10m for the Maximum Fill for Copy Pick Asphalt for the Alternate Material for Copy Click Apply and Exit to save and close the form. Click OK add the Section to the template.

The completed template will look like:

Note: The colours of the template preview have been inverted for clarity. Step 40: Click Save and Exit to create the Roundabout template.

Step 41: To apply the Roundabout Template to the road click on

(Design Data Form button).

Expand the existing Template entry and edit the Template entry to use the Roundabout Template. Click on Update Current Data.

Drape the Circulating Carriageway (RMatch) onto the existing surface

Now we need to Vary the RMatch label to follow the existing surface. Step 42: Select VARIATIONS from the Road Design Data list and click on the Add/Remove Data button. From the Select Item to Insert list pick Label to Surface and click OK.

19

Step 43: Enter the following details (as shown left): Pick RMatch as the Label Enter 0m as the Start Chainage Enter 100m as the End Chainage Select NS as the Surface Click Update Current Data to apply the Variation.

Setup the Design Constraints

As mentioned we need to grade the Roundabout so that the crossfall of the circulating carriageway is within a acceptable range. To aid in us in this we are going to use Design Constraints projected from the RMatch label at 1% and 5% towards the C.L. (lip of kerb) of the Roundabout. There are several types of Design Constraints, however for this design we are going to use Existing Alignment which uses an alignment and get level information from the existing surface. In addition an offset and level adjustment can also be applied. Step 44: Select Design Constraints from the Road Design Data list and click Add/Remove Data. From the Select Item to Insert list pick Existing Alignment and click OK. Enter the following (as shown right): Name: Limits Surface Name: NS Alignment: Roundabout Start Chainage: 0m End Chainage: 100m Offset 5.1m Lower XFall %: -5% Upper XFall %: 5% Lower Colour: Magenta Upper Colour: Magenta Selectable: Ticked Display on Section: Ticked Lower Active: Yes Upper Active: Yes Click Update Current Data.

Create a second entry with the following (as shown right): Name: MinLimits

20

Surface Name: NS Alignment: Roundabout Start Chainage: 0m End Chainage: 100m Offset 5.1m Lower XFall %: -1% Upper XFall %: 1% Lower Colour: Light Red Upper Colour: Light Red Selectable: Ticked Display on Section: Ticked Lower Active: Yes Upper Active: Yes Click Update Current Data. Click Save and Exit to close the Design Data form.

Grading the Roundabout

The Vertical Grading Editor will be showing the grading of the Roundabout along with the Design Constraints. Now its time to design Roundabout:

Note: The colours of the vertical grading editor have been inverted for clarity. Step 45: Successively add IP's so that the crossfall of the circulating carriageway is satisfactory around the whole length of the island, the start and end levels are the same and the grades at the start and end are within acceptable limits. The vertical grading should be fully contained within the envelope levels to achieve the required crossfalls. The start and end of the vertical grading should be at the same levels (as the start and end points are in fact the same point in plan) and with similar grades.

21

Step 46: Now that an initial vertical grading is complete you can check the adequacy of the design by clicking on (Create Road Contours button) from the Vertical Grading Editor. This will create a surface model of the roundabout including the circulating carriageway in the drawing. If required, modify, re-grade, delete or insert IP's for the vertical design of the Roundabout and re-create the surface until you achieve the desired contours for it. Step 47: Click OK to close the Vertical Grading Editor.

Surface Model

The surface model for the Roundabout will now be in your drawing however the software has apply an Outer and a Hide boundary to remove everything between the Back of Kerb (LBK) and edge of the Circulating Carriageway (RMatch) labels. If we

22

want to simulate the infilling of the island, then we need to remove the Hide boundary. Step 48: From the Prospector, expand Surfaces, then ARD-ROUNDABOUT and finally Definition. Click on Boundaries and from the Data view below, select BDY-1 and delete it. Rebuild the ARD-ROUNDABOUT surface. The Roundabout model will look like:

Create Splitter Islands

Next we need to create the models of the three splitter islands on the approaching roads. Once again the alignments have already been drafted. The design requirements for these islands is simple, apply a Semi Mountable kerb template and drape it on the existing surface (NS).

Create the Island 1 Profile/String

Step 49: Click on the button or select [Roads]-[Create String/Profile] from the menu.

At the command line you will be prompted Select alignment, or press Enter to select from a list. Click on or around the Island 1 alignment. In the Add Road form set the following: Arc Segment Spacing = 0.1m Spiral and Tangent/Straight Segment Spacing = 1m Left & Right Section width = 1m Click Create/Update to create the Island 1.

23

Create & Apply Kerb Only Template

Step 50: Click on (Create Template button).

Since the Kerb Only template is the same as the Roundabout template minus the RMatch label, we are going to make a copy of the Roundabout template and modify it to suit. Step 51: Use the Next/Prev. buttons to cycle the template display to Local Roundabout. Click on Template Options, select Local Copy and click OK. Name the template Kerb Only and click OK.

Step 52: Select the RMATCH Label. Click on Delete Section, click Yes to confirm.

Step 53: Click Save and Exit to close the form and return the Vertical Grading Editor.

Step 54: Click on

(Design Data Form button).

Expand Templates and edit the existing Template entry to use the Kerb Only Template. Click on Update Current Data.

Drape the Vertical Design

Step 55: Click on (Compute VC from Existing Data button).

Click on Match to Sampled Surface to drape the Vertical Grading on the NS surface. Click Close Form to finish.

Create Island 1 Surface

Step 56: Create the Island 1 surface by clicking on Close the Vertical Grading Editor by clicking OK. (Create Road Contours button).

Similarly to the Roundabout surface model, a Hide boundary will have been applied to the mask the internal area of the island. Step 57: Edit the Boundaries of the ARD-Island 1 surface to delete the BDY-1 hide boundary. Rebuild the surface.

24

The Island 1 surface model will look like:

Create Island 2 and 3

Step 58: Repeat Steps 49 to 57 (inclusive) to build the splitter Islands 2 and 3 (Alignments Island 2 and Island 3 respectfully).

Final Surface Model

Now that we have the individual surface models for all the components of our intersection model, we need to merge them all together into a final merged surface. Step 59: Create a new surface by running the command [Surface]-[Create Surface...] Name it Final and change the Style to Contours - Design 0.1m Step 60: Hide all the other Surfaces from display by setting their Surface Style to No Display. Step 61: From Edits in the Definition of Final, Paste the following surfaces:

Originally the NS surface had a boundary applied to it, however since it was the first surface to be pasted, the boundary was ignored. Step 62: Add an Outer Boundary to the Final surface. Use the Grey Polyline drawn on layer No Plot.

25

The trimmed Final surface will look like:

Congratulations! You have just completed your first intersection reconstruction!

Summary
In this tutorial you have learnt: How to create and modify templates suitable for reconstruction projects including using advanced subgrade options That you can drape a vertical design on the sampled surface About and how to use of design constraints How to use the variations to manipulate your road model How to create surface models of separate 'Road' components (Islands, etc.)

26

Tutorial 5d - Kerb Reconstruction

Acknowledgement: This tutorial was created by Sean Twomey of AEC Systems Pty Ltd.

Tutorial Overview
Reconstruct a Kerb Return of an existing intersection - AS SIMPLY AS POSSIBLE!

Model the Kerb Return only - (not the approach roads). This example has a crown between CL and EB so we have to pick our alignments carefully to make sure we project the correct grade.

Goals
Horizontal Geometry - Form the alignments for the job. Template - Form the template for the new Kerb. Model - Form basic model of kerb return - drape all strings to surface. Make it look right - Graphically adjust the New-EB vertical grading for individual cross sections.

Time required: 15 minutes

Horizontal Geometry
Before you Start - Please start Civil 3D 2008 and open the drawing file C:/CADAPPS Training Data/Civil 3D 2008/ARD2008/5d-Kerb Reconstruction.dwg. Step 1: Review the 3 alignments below. 1. Ref (reference string for the CrossFall grade of the road extension) 2. Saw-Cut (saw cut line for the new construction) 3. New-EB (new kerb return design) Note: New-EB has a description of 'R-'. This is because the kerb return is being treated as an independent road.

Template

Step 2: Pull Down menu [Roads]=>[Settings]=>[Create/Edit Templates] (or icon). Step 3: Click Select Template on the right hand side of the dialogue Box - Select 'Local Metric Kerb-L'. Step 4: Click Template Options on the right hand side of the dialogue Box - Select Local Copy - type 'Kerb-Recon-1' for the name. Step 5: Edit the Label RDUM to name RSAW and horizontal distance 1m. Add the label Ref below it with horiz dist 1m and slope 3%.

Note: The numeric values on the RHS are not critical as the labels SAW and Ref will be controlled by alignment Strings and the Survey Surface.

Model

Step 6: Create a road from using the New-EB alignment as the Centreline. [Roads]=>[Create/Edit Road] pick the 'New-EB' alignment. Select 'Kerb-Recon-1' from step 4 for the template and set the spacings to 2m for arcs and straights. Step 7: Press the Design Data Form button on the left side of the VG window, Select Variations, and Select Label to Surface. Step 8: Set the parameters as per the graphic above. (RSAW label to Saw-Cut Alignment and REF label to Ref Alignment) This drapes the REF and RSAW strings to the NS - we now do the same for the New-EB/CL string Step 8: In the Vertical Grading editor for the NEW-EB C.L. string, click the 'Compute VC from Existing Data button' (top right) Note: This 'drapes' the CL onto the surface so we have now got a model of the kerb return formed - we just need to adjust the levels.

Make it Look Right

Step 9: Turn on the Cross section View on the Vertical Grading Editor and set it to Chainage 12. Step 10: Drag the IP for Chainage 12 down and notice the cross section view adjusting. Set the level such that the extended grade matches the existing grade . Step 11: Repeat for all other Sections. Note: This works in terms of extending the road cross fall but the longitudinal profile of the lip string is not smooth, which results in non smooth contours. The last step is to fix this. Step 12: (on the VGE) Press the 'create road contours' button to form the model. Notice that the contours have a high peak on the Lip string around chainage 18. Experiment with adjusting the level at this chainage and press 'create road contours' again to see the effect. Engineering Judgement is required to set the levels to comply with the CrossFall constraints while maintaining a reasonable Lip Profile with drainage 'low points' positioned correctly. Please see the section on Design Constraints to see how this can be enhanced.

Tutorial 6 - Rural Road Design - Superelevation

Tutorial Overview
This tutorial explores the aspects of the software suited to Rural road construction including table drains, superelevation and automatic subgrade controls. Note: It is assumed that you have a fundamental understanding of the basics of in creating and modifying your road models. For more information please refer to Tutorials 1-4.

Goals
Be able to create, view and apply a Rural road template including subgrade layer Understand and be able to apply and control Table Drains Generate Volume reports including itemised pavement material volumes Be able to automatically apply Superelevation Understand and be able to adjust the Superelevation apply to a road Time required: 10 minutes

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start - Please start Civil 3D 2008 and open the drawing file C:/CADApps Training Data/Civil 3D 2008/6_Rural_Road_Design.dwg.

Overall Site Plan

Design Brief

We have been engaged to reconstruct approximately a 1km section of Princess Highway. The new road will be a simple rural cross section consisting on 3.5m lanes, 1m wide unsealed shoulders and table drains on both sides, as shown above. Three subgrade layers will make up the pavement of the road, including a 50mm asphalt wearing course, a 100mm crushed rock base and a 200mm crushed rock sub base. The shoulders will be made of two layers of crushed rock, 130mm and 200mm respectively and are required to extend to the foreslope of the table drain or the batter. Due to the existing topography the table drain on the left must always be constructed and the drain on the right only needs to built when the road is in cut. The depth of the table drain is to be a minimum 400mm. The design also needs to cater for superelevation of the road pavement and the shoulders. Whilst there are several side roads that also require reconstruction, we do not need to design them at this stage of the project.

Surface Data
A single surface of the existing road named NS exists in the drawing. A Outer boundary has also been applied to this surface to control the extents of triangulation.

Alignments
The alignments of Princess Highway and the side roads have already been created and are as follows:

Note: An r- has been used to describe all the roads for this project which defines them as Roads to the software. The alignment of Princess Highway has been designed to match into the existing road as well as accommodating the future intersections with the side roads. It has been drawn from East to West and the curves numbering from the start to the end are: Curve 1: Radius 1650m Curve 2: Radius 730m Curve 3: Radius 195m Curve 4: Radius 155m Given the vast differences in the radii through the bends, we should expect differences in the superelevation applied to each curve.

Create Princess Highway

Step 1: Click the button or select [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road] from the menu.

At the command line you will be prompted Select required road element <ESC to cancel>. Click on or around the Princess Hwy alignment. The Add Road form will open: The settings on this form along with the Active Drawing Settings control how your 'road' is initially created. Since the Princess Highway alignment has a 'r-' description, the Road Type has automatically been set to Road.

Step 2: Leave the template as Metric Road, we will create and apply a template later. Ensure that NS is selected as the Sampling Surface. Change the Tangent/Straight spacing to 20m as shown left. This will reduce the amount of cross sections sampling lines. Click Set Section Widths: From this form you can set/adjust how far the cross sections will be sampled either side of the alignment.

Step 3: Set the Left and Right Widths to 15m as shown above. Click OK to accept the values and close the Set Section Width form. Note: It is STRONGLY recommended that the spacings in the vicinity of the intersections (at least 10m beyond the ends of the kerb returns) be set to no more than 10m to ensure a satisfactory intersection match-in. This can easily be done by Adding Extra Sampling. Step 4: Click Create/Update to create the road. This will create a Road from the alignment, display yellow lines in the drawing at the sampled cross section locations and open the Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) for you to do a vertical design on the road centreline.

Automatic Vertical Design

The Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) will be immediately displayed (part of the model is also shown):

Note: The colours of the VGE window have been inverted for clarity. In the plan view the yellow lines represent the cross section sampling and the green triangle tracks the location (in the plan) of the cursor in the Vertical Grading Editor. The software has automatically done a first pass vertical grading design to generate a 'best fit' design matching closely to the sampled surface (within a maximum tolerance for cut/fill as set in the Active Drawing Settings) by creating and connecting IP's with vertical curves. Whilst we can use the tools in the Vertical Grading Editor to adjust the vertical design, the focus of this tutorial is on managing the cross section to represent a rural road design and to include superelevation through the curves. For more information on the vertical design refer to Tutorial 1.

Viewing the Cross Sections

Step 5: Click on (Show Cross Section button) to view the cross section applied to the Road:

Note: The colours of the VGE window and the cross section display have been inverted for clarity. The cross section suits an urban road design, with kerb & channel and footpath on both sides of the road. We need to first design a rural road template to suit our requirements and then apply it via the Design Data form.

Create & Apply the Rural Template

The process of creating a template is covered in detail in Tutorial 1.

Step 6: Whilst still in the Vertical Grading Editor click on

(Create Template button).

Create a new template by clicking on Template Options button, select New Local and click on OK. Name the template Rural and click OK . Referring to the typical cross section, the first section we need to create is the 3.5m lanes (working from the CL out).

Step 7: Click Create Section. The Add Section to Template for will appear: Enter the following to create the 3.5m lanes (as shown left): New Label = EB Width of Leg = 3.5m Applied Slope = -3% Plot Label = Ticked ON Subgrade Layer 1 Depth = 0.05m Material = Asphalt Subgrade Layer 2 Depth = 0.1m Material = FCR Class 1 Subgrade Layer 3 Depth = 0.2m Material = FCR Class 3

Click OK to create the section. Now we need to create the 1m shoulders.

Step 8: Click Create Section. The Add Section to Template for will appear: Enter the following to create the 1.0m shoulders (as shown right): New Label = SH Width of Leg = 1.0m Applied Slope = -5% Plot Label = Ticked ON Subgrade Layer 1 Depth = 0.15m Material = FCR Class 1 Subgrade Layer 2 Depth = 0.2m Material = FCR Class 3

Click Assign Layer Controls.

The Advanced Subgrade Options form will open:

This form allows you to control how the subgrade can be automatically adjusted. You can change things like: Set the slope of inside/outside edge Extend the inside/outside edge Automatically extend the subgrade to the design Make the bottom edge of the subgrade follow the existing surface

Step 9: For both Layer-1 and Layer-2 set the Outside Extend to Design option to Cut & Fill. Click Apply and Exit to close the Advanced Subgrade Options form, then OK to create the sections.

Since the design brief calls for the table drain on the left always occur we need to make it part of the template. There are three components to the table drain, the foreslope, the bottom and the backslope, however we only need to create the foreslope and the bottom as we can used the batter to create the backslope. Step 10: Create two more sections, as shown below:

Note: Ensure you select Left for the Select Side to Apply option.

The last part of the template that we need to create is the batters.

Step 11: Click

(Left Side batter button).

In the Batter Specification - Left Hand Side leave the Slope/Daylight type as Single and enter the Cut and Fill Slopes to 1:2. Click OK to create the left batter.

Step 12: Click

(Right Side batter button).

Once again leave the Slope/Daylight type as Single and enter the Cut and Fill Slopes to 1:2. Click OK to create the right batter.

The completed template will look like (cut situation shown):

Note: The colours of the template preview have been inverted for clarity.

Step 13: Click on Save and Exit. The Vertical Grading Editor will reappear on the screen.

Click on

(Design Data form).

Step 14: From the Design Data Listing expand Template Data by clicking on the +. Select the existing entry. From the Design Data Details/Data Editor on the right, use the drop down list for Template Name to pick Rural Click on Update Current Data to apply the changes.

Automatic Table Drain

Now we need to setup the table drain on the right hand side. This table drain is only required when the road cross section is in cut and as such we can

use the TableDrain entry in the Design Data Form to automatically control when the drain is applied to the cross section. Specifically when the 'invert' of the table drain is in cut we want it to be formed. The geometry of the drain is the same as previous, made up of two segments with the right batter forming the backslope.

Step 15: Whilst still in the Design Data Form, select Table Drains Data in the Road Design Data list. Click Add/Remove Data and click Add Data In the Design Data Details/Data Editor enter the follow for the Table Drain, leave all other blank as shown above: Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 10000m Depth Tolerance = 0m Right H1 = 2m Right V1 = 0.5m Right H2 = 0.5m Right V2 = 0m Right Condition = End Leg1 Cut Constant Width = ticked ON Click Update Current Data to apply the table drain. Notes: 1. The software considers down as positive when entering H1/H2. 2. Leaving the Left/Right properties blank will make the software NOT create the table drain on that side. 3. The Left/Right Condition will adjust when the table drain is created. Always - always creates the table drain Start Cut - create the table drain when the start of the first leg of table drain (last leg of template) is in cut End Leg1 Cut - create the table drain when end of the first leg of the table drain is in cut End Leg2 Cut - create the table drain when end of the second leg of the table drain is in cut 4. Depth Tolerance allows you to adjust the depth at the location of the Left/Right Cut Condition.

Step 16: Click Save and Exit to close the Design Data form and return to the Vertical Grading Editor. Cycle through the cross sections to review the changes.

10

Note: The colours of the cross section display have been inverted for clarity. Experiment: To explore the functionality of the table drain, graphically raise/lower a cross section (by changing the vertical grading) to see the table drain on the right side automatically appear and disappear. We will adjust the left table drain to be controlled by a string at a later point in this tutorial, however it's now time to apply the Superelevation to the road. Step 17: Close the Vertical Grading Editor by clicking OK .

Superelevation
Superelevation can be applied to any Road in accordance with local, state and country standards. The superelevation is managed via a single form with two tabs - the Settings tab defines the general design parameters and the Data Values tab displays the applied superelevation values and enables editing of the superelevation applied to the road. It is usual to apply the superelevation parameters as a first pass design and then to use the Variation tools and other adjustments to make additional changes to your cross section based on other design considerations. Some of the major features of the superelevation command are as follows: Designers control the design parameters from which the superelevation is derived, so making adjustments to suit local conditions is easy. Superelevation is automatically applied to all curves for a Road - the software will analyse every curve and make adjustments to the Road crossfall to suit. The superelevation applied to the entire road can be viewed, edited and managed via one output table. Editing of the superelevation can be made by adjusting the design parameters for each curve and/or by hand editing values in the output table. Users can manually create superelevated sections of pavement anywhere along the road simply by making inserts in the table. Additional cross section sampling can also be applied to pick the feature points of the superelevation (start, zero crossfall, normal crossfall and full super) on the approach to and departure from each curve. Users retain full control to make changes to any aspect of the cross section (by Varying the cross falls or applying String control) after the superelevation is applied. This command assumes that the designer is rotating the pavement about the road centreline (C.L. Label) between the labels defined for the Pavement Rotation Controls.

How it Works - Superelevation Tables

Superelevation tables are used to determine the superelevation lengths and crossfalls to apply to each curve. Preliminary design tables have been provided for the following Countries: Australia India U.S.A. Important Note: It remains the Designer's responsibility to review these tables to ensure that they meet the local, state and/or country standards. Superelevation applied to a Road is based on a superelevation table:

11

Shown left is part of the superelevation table created for Australia road design conditions (re: Austroads Rural Road Design, 2003 - absolute minimum standards). The format of the tables is as follows: = Requested Super (%), Design Speed Multiple entries of Superelevation and Development length for various curve radii and number of lanes; = Radius, Max Super, Development Length (1 Lane), Development Length (2 Lane), Development Length (3 Lane) = Separator between subsequent sections. The information is comma delimited and is saved as a text file (ARD-AustRoads-Speed.txt for Australia and ARD-Imperial-Speed.txt for U.S.A.). The file is stored in C:\Program Files\CADApps\ARD\Common (assuming a default installation location).

Shoulder Rotation
In addition to superelevating the road lanes, the software can also superelevate the shoulders. Similarly the software uses a table to determine the shoulder rotation (relative to the rotation applied to the lane) to be applied to each shoulder on each curve.

12

Shown left is part of the MatchMaxSuper.shRot shoulder rotation file that comes with the software. The format of the table is as follows: = Requested Super (%) = Lane Superelevaton, Shoulder Superelevation Multiple entries for the various states of lane superelevation and associated shoulder superelevation = Separator between subsequent sections.

Computing & Applying Superelevation

Having created Princess Highway using a rural road template, the next step is to apply superelevation to change the crossfall of the road though each of the curves in the road. Reviewing the alignment for Princess Highway, the curves are: Curve 1: Radius 1650m Curve 2: Radius 730m Curve 3: Radius 195m Curve 4: Radius 155m Step 18: Click the button or select [Roads]-[Compute & Apply Superelevation] from the menu.

At the command line you will be prompted Select alignment, or press Enter to select from a list. Click on or around the Princess Hwy alignment. The Superelevation Calculations form will open:

13

This form consists of two tabs the Settings tab the Data Values tab

'Settings' - Defining the Superelevation Parameters

The Settings tab defines the general design parameters to used for calculating the superelevation to be applied to the road.

Step 19: Enter the following parameters in the Settings tab of the Superelevation Calculation form for Princess Highway (as shown above): Design Speed = 80km/h Maximum Super to Apply % = 7% % development length in curve (no spiral) start = 10% % development length in curve (no spiral) end = 10% Shoulder Rotation Controls Left Side Label = LSH Right Side Label = RSH Shoulder Rotation File = MatchMaxSuper.shRot Click Update/Apply to apply the settings and calculate the superelevation. The following warning message will be displayed:

14

Step 20: Click OK to overwrite any previous superelevation calculations for the road. Superelevation has now been calculated in accordance with the superelevation and shoulder rotation tables and using the parameters as defined in the Settings tab.

'Data Values' - Controlling the Actual Superelevation Applied

The Data Values tab is used to review and edit the Superelevation applied to the road. Step 21: Change to the Data Values tab to show the Superelevation that has been calculated for Princess Highway:

The table on this tab detail the major change points and every aspect of the superelevation applied for each curve along the road. The Chainage identifies the major change points for the superelevation automatically applied on the approach and the departure of each curve - the Comments identifies the superelevation feature points (Normal, Zero Camber, Normal Camber & Full Super). The geometric details for each curve are shown in the following columns Radius - shows the curve radius Hand - indicates the direction of the curve (Left or Right) Curve - shows the curve number. The software numbers the curve sequentially from the start of the alignment Design Values - The first two figures (separated by a '|' marker) detail the Start/End Curve Chainages for the curve The applied superelevation is defined in the following columns: Left % - this is the actual crossfall applied at the corresponding Chainage for the left side. Right % - this is the actual crossfall applied at the corresponding Chainage for the right side. There is also an opportunity for you to set Lane Widening (Left Widen/Right Widen) to increase the current width of the road lane through the curve. This is a manual edit directly in the table (preset figures are zero). Note: Linear interpolation is made for the crossfalls and lane widening between the chainages specified in table when the superelevation is applied to the road. Step 22: Use the scroll bar to review all the superelevation applied to each curve (Curve 1 to 4) and note the following: Curve 1 - There has been no change made to the crossfall for the left or right sides of the road. Curve 2 - The road has been superelevated to a maximum 3% crossfall through the curve. Curve 3 - The road has been superelevated to a maximum 6% crossfall through the curve.

15

Curve 4 - The road has been superelevated to a maximum 7% crossfall through the curve. Note: No superelevation is required to be applied to Curve 1 for an 80km/h design speed because of the large radius of the curve. As you would expect, the amount of superelevation applied to a curve increases as the radius decreases. The superelevation lengths have been calculated and applied based on the number of lanes (2), the curve radius, the design speed and the maximum superelevation applied. Before applying the superelevation data for further edits need to be made.

Editing a single Curve's Superelevation

The superelevation applied to a specific curve can be edited to revised design parameters applied to the curve.

Step 23: Select a cell that contains an entry for Curve 1. Click on the Edit Selected Curve button. The edit Curve Detail form will open:

This form allows you to adjust the Design Parameters that are applied to the curve. You can also manually override the Superelevation Length that has been determined from the Superelevation tables. Note: At this stage the Superelevation Development Length has been set 0 because no superelevation is required for this curve at an 80km/h design speed. Step 24: Change the Design Speed to 100km//h. Click Apply and Exit to make the changes and close the form. The superelevation table will update to reflect the changes required for Curve 1, including adjustment of all chainages and crossfalls.

16

In this case, Curve 1, at 100km/h design speed, now requires a maximum superelevation of 3% to be applied with a superelevation development length of 70m. The superelevation development length can be determined editing Curve 1 again. Since Curve 1 and Curve 2 are so close together, the software has automatically truncated the End Length (Superelevation Length on the Departure) of Curve 1 and the Start Length (Superelevation Length on the approach) or Curve 2 as required to prevent overlap (as shown above). You should make note of this and force manual adjustments as required to suit the desired design outcomes.

Manual Editing of Superlevation

Manual edits can be made directly in the table. Users needs only click on a cell and overwrite to adjust the chainage, crossfall, change in widths or comments.

In the table you will notice that the road transitions from one-way crossfall at chainage 183.833 to two-way crossfall and then back to one-way crossfall at chainage 263.282. Since Curve 1 and Curve 2 are both Right hand curves it makes sense for the one-way crossfall to be maintained between chainages 183.833 and chainage 263.282.

Step 25: In the Data Values table adjust the entries for the Left % to be +3% as shown above.

Single entries can be inserted into the superelevation data for the Road by simply insert a row. Note: You must select the row before/above which you want the additional data added. Step 26: Select a cell in the row of Chainage 501.281 and click on the Insert Line button. The software will highlight the row that the insert will go before (as shown right) Click Yes to insert the row

17

A new row will be created with information partially copied from the previously selected row. Step 27: Enter the new data as follows (as shown below):

Chainage = 450m Left % = 3% Right % = -3% Left Widen = 1m Right Widen = 1m Curve = Straight Comments = This is added Manually

The superelevation data has now been amended to our satisfaction. Step 28: Click Apply and Exit to close the form. The software has now made adjustments to the cross sections of Princess Highway in line with the superelevation table. Information regarding these superelevation geometry point chainages has also been stored in a file. The software will automatically resample the road to include them as sample points as shown below:

18

Step 29: Review the changes made to the cross sections by opening Princess Highway in the Vertical Grading Editor. Click the button or select [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road] from the menu and select the Princess Hwy alignment in the drawing.

In the Vertical grading Editor show the cross sections and view the superelevation that has bee applied to both the lanes and the shoulders:

Note: The colours of the cross section display have been inverted for clarity. Step 30: Close the Princess Hwy Vertical Grading Editor by clicking on OK.

Grading the Left Table Drain

The left table drain needs to be independently graded to ensure that the sufficient drainage of the road. We will create a String/Profile which will have an separate alignment and vertical grading to the road and apply it to the invert of the left table. To maintain the integrity of the table drain we also need to maintain the forselope.

Create the Left Table Drain Alignment

To define the string we need to create an alignment, in this case we will offset the centreline alignment 6.5m, which will make the alignment sit on the left table drain invert label as defined by the template.

19

Step 31: In the drawing run the Offset command (either from the toolbar, menu or typing o at the command line). Set the offset distance to 6.5m and press Enter. Select the Princess Hwy alignment as the Object to offset Click somewhere to the left (top of the drawing) of the alignment to Specify the offset side. Press Escape or Enter to finish

There will now be a new polyline offset 6.5m to the left of the Princess Highway alignment on the current drawing layer.

Step 32: Run the command [Alignments]-[Create Alignment from Polyline] from the menu. At the command line you will be prompted Select polyline to create alignment or [Xref]: Select the newly created polyline at the end nearest to the start of the Princess Hwy alignment. The Create Alignment - From Polyline from will open:

Step 33: Enter the following details for the new alignment: Name = Left table Drain Alignment style = String Erase existing entities = Ticked ON

Click OK to create the alignment.

Create & Apply the Left Table Drain String

Now that we have created the alignment, next we need to create the String/Profile and apply it to the left table drain on Princess Highway. Step 34: Click the button or select [Roads]-[Create String/Profile] from the menu.

At the command line you will be prompted Select alignment, or press Enter to select from a list. Click on or around the Left Table Drain alignment. The Add Road form will open:

20

Since the Left Table Drain alignment has no description, the Road Type has automatically been set to Profile and the Template has been set to <None>. Step 35: Set the Tangent/Straight Spacings to 20m and leave the other values as default (shown left) Create the String by clicking on the Create/Update button. The Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) will open to showing the automatic Vertical Grading of the Left Table Drain Step 36: Open Vertical Grading Editor for Princess Highway by clicking on the button or select [Roads]-[Create/Edit Road].

At the command line you will be prompted Select alignment, or press Enter to select from a list. Click on or around the Princess Hwy alignment. The Princess Hwy vertical grading will open in another Vertical Grading Editor.

Step 37: Click on

(Design Data form).

21

Note: The colours of the cross section display have been inverted for clarity. Step 38: Highlight VARIATIONS in the Design Data Listing and click on the Add/Remove Data button. From the Select Item to Insert list, select Use Profile and click OK. In the Design Data Details/Data Editor enter the following for the Use Profile variation: Label = LT1 Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 10000m Select Method = Hold Slope Change Offset Profile = LEFT TABLE DRAIN Click Update Current Data to apply the Variation. Click Save and Exit to close the Design Data form. Important Note: The Hold Slope Change Offset Select Method will maintain the slope of the label being varied thus resulting in a horizontal shift of the label relative to the alignment that defines the String. This needs to be taken into consideration when adjusting the Vertical Grading of the Left Table Drain string as the existing surface information shown in the Vertical grading Editor will NOT represent the existing surface of the label as it's horizontal location varies.

Grade the Left Table Drain String

Now that we have set the Left Table Drain to follow the String all that is left is to grade the String/Profile. Step 39: Using the tools in the Vertical Grading Editor adjust the vertical grading of the Left Table Drain String as required. Hint: Whilst both the Vertical Grading Editors of Princess Hwy and Left Table Drain are open you will be able to adjust the vertical design of the Left Table Drain and see the effect on Princess Hwy dynamically (assuming you are showing a cross section that is effected by the change to the table drain).

Step 40: Once you are satisfied with the vertical design of the Left Table Drain, close all open Vertical Grading Editor by clicking OK .

Volumes

22

A summary Volume report can be obtained by clicking on the report can be obtained if you run the Volume Report tool.

(Volume Report button) in the Vertical Grading Editor however a more detailed

Step 41: Click the

button or select [Roads]-[Reports]-[Volumes] from the menu.

At the command line you will be prompted Select alignment, or press Enter to select from a list. Click on or around the Princess Hwy alignment. The Volume Calculations form will open: This form allows you to adjust how much information is put into the Volume report. you can even restrict the Volumes to only be calculated between certain labels in your design. Step 42: Tick ON both the Subgrade by material totals and Section by Section Report for bulk earthworks. Click Create Report. You will be prompted that the report has been created and can be opened from the taskbar. Click OK to dismiss the message.

The volume report will look like:

23

Surface Output
Another output that you may want to create is a surface model of the new road design. Step 43: Click the button or select [Roads]-[Auto Model] from the menu.

A warning message will appear "Warning. No kerbs have been specified. The roads will not be truncated at the intersections". This message appears because have no intersections or kerb returns as we are building a model with only one road. Click OK to dismiss the message. You may also get other warning messages about Batter Reports and Kerb Checking Reports, simply click OK to dismiss these if they appear. Note: These model report messages can be permanently dismissed by adjust the Model Report Message option in the Modelling tab of the Active Settings. The TotalModel surface will look like:

24

Congratulations! You have just completed your first rural road design!

Summary
In this tutorial you have learnt: How to create, view and apply a Rural road template including subgrade layer To understand and be able to apply and control Table Drains How to generate Volume reports including itemised pavement material volumes To be able to automatically apply Superelevation How to understand and be able to adjust the Superelevation apply to a road

25

Tutorial 7 - Civil 3D Outputs

Tutorial Overview
It may be desired to create a Civil 3D Corridor of your design. This tutorial will demonstrate the process for creating a Civil 3D corridor from your design.

Goals
Learn how to create a Civil 3D Assembly for use with the software Understand how to create and edit a Civil 3D Corridor created by Advanced Road Design Time required: 10 minutes

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start - Please start Civil 3D 2008 and open the drawing file C:/CADAPPS Training Data/Civil 3D 2008/ARD2008/7Civil 3D Outputs.dwg. This project data includes a number of alignments and two surfaces - an existing surface and your design surface. Supporting this project data is the Advanced Road Design data - the design has been completed inclusive of all roads, kerb returns, cul-desac and knuckle.

Creating a Corridor Model

Advanced Road Design can be used to create a single trimmed multi baseline Civil 3D Corridor model of the entire road network including any curb returns, cul-de-sacs and/or knuckles designed. To create the Civil 3D Corridor, all you need is one Assembly in Civil 3D created using the ARD Super Subassembly components.

Corridor Settings
Advanced Road Design allows the user to specify whether they want the subgrade created with the corridor. To ensure that the subgrade is created with the Civil 3D corridor:

Step 1: Click on the Active Drawing Settings icon or start the command [Roads]-[Settings]-[Active Drawing Settings].

Step 2: For the Subgrade Creation Method, set the option to Full - this will create a complete corridor with full subgrade (all layers) Step 3: Click on Save and Exit to store these changes for the corridor build. When you next build the corridor model, ARD will include multi-layered subgrade in the corridor output.

Civil 3D Assembly
The first step to creating the corridor model is to create the Civil 3D assembly that will read in the ARD cross section data at the time of building or re-building the corridor. All we need to do is create one Assembly that uses the ARD Super Subassembly on the left and right sides ONLY. NO other Subassemblies are needed in this Assembly. Step 4: Start the menu command [Corridors]-[Create Assembly] to create a new assembly in your drawing. The Create Assembly form will open:

Step 5: Type in the name CORRIDOR-EZY and click OK. Note: To use the ARD Corridor creation command, the assembly MUST be named CORRIDOR-EZY. Step 6: Select a location in the drawing to create the Assembly, somewhere to the south-east of the Existing Surface. An assembly marker will be placed in the drawing and you will be zoomed to the marker, ready to add subassembly components.

Step 7: Open the Civil 3D Tool Palette and click to select the ARD Super Assembly . Special Note: If you do not have the EZY Super Assembly in your Tool Palette, then refer to the Appendix, below. The Properties dialogue box will display.

Step 8: In the Properties Dialog box, under Advanced, ensure that the side is set to Left, leave the other values as default (they are only used for display of the Assembly in the drawing in Layout mode) and click on the Assembly Marker to insert the ARD Subassembly on the left.

Step 9: Follow the same process as Step 8 but this time insert the ARD Super Assembly on the right.

Step 10: Press the Esc key to finish and close the Tool Palette. The completed Assembly will look like this:

Create the Corridor

Now that we have the Assembly in the drawing, we can now create the corridor model of the road network. Step 11: Start the command [Roads]-[Civil 3D Outputs]=>[Auto Create Corridor]. The software will create Civil 3D Profiles and Profile Views of all the Road objects and a Corridor model of the entire road network including Roads, Curb Return, Cul-de-sacs and Knuckles. The Profiles and Profile Views will look like this:

A profile of every component of your road design (every Road, Kerb Return, Cul-de-sac and Knuckle) will be generated in the drawing. The information is also stored against each Civil 3D Alignment - use the Civil 3D Toolspace to view the alignment Profiles. Note: The Profile Styles and Profile View Styles are set in the Active Drawing Settings - you should review these settings (Styles tab) to set the output styles required. Immediately following the creation of the profiles, the software will process the Corridor. At the end of the process the corridor will be created in the drawing and will also be seen in the Civil 3D Toolspace:

The Corridor will look like (2D and 3D view):

Special Note: Civil 3D provides the ability to assign display Styles based on the Codes assigned to the corridor components (saved in the Civil 3D Settings) - you should review your Code Set Styles to cater for the codes assigned by ARD. If desired, you can review the CORRIDOR-EZY Corridor Properties:

The ARD software generates a single, multi-baseline corridor for EACH alignment used by the software to create a Road object by applying the profile created by the software and utilising the CORRIDOR-EZY assembly. The relationships between all road objects is maintained, so if it is desired to redesign profiles, simply do so through the Create/Edit Roads command, then use the Auto Model and Auto Create Corridor commands to update the surface and corridor models.

Appendix Adding the EZY Super Assembly to the Tool Palette

The CADApps EZY Super Subassembly can be added to the tool palette using the following process:

Make sure that the Civil 3D Tool Palette is displaying - click on the Tool Palettes icon Open the Catalog either using the

if it is not displayed.

Catalog icon or by clicking on [General]-[Catalog] from the pull-down menu.

This will display the library of available catalogues containing subassemblies. From the catalogues available, click on the CADApps Catalog.

This will open the CADApps Catalog for you to select a subassembly group. Double click on the CADApps Subassemblies group.

This will open to show the CADApps ARD Super Subassembly. This is the ONLY subassembly component required to build a Civil 3D Assembly and Civil 3D corridor containing all the Advanced Road Design data. Hover over the blue 'eye dropper' next to the picture of the ARD Super Subassembly to display the eye dropper.

Simply hold down the left mouse button to 'fill' the eye dropper and drag and drop the ARD Super Subassembly from the catalogue window onto the required location on the open Civil 3D Tool Palette. This will create the subassembly on the tool palette for you to use.

The tool palette should now appear as shown:

Summary
In this tutorial you have learnt: ARD can output your designs directly into Civil 3D as a series of Civil 3D Profiles and a single multi-baseline corridor That you can redo the Auto Create Corridor command to update the corridor with any design changes That you can edit the corridor by changing the extents of assemblies

Tutorial 8 - Visualisation

Tutorial Overview
You've gone to all the effort of designing a surface, but how about visualising it? Tools at your disposal that are obvious: Create a surface and view it as a triangulated surface (all one colour) as elevation bandings (colours depending on depths) Create a corridor model - 3D model you can render Less obvious is the embedded tool inside Advanced Road Design to export the surface as a collection of 3D faces, with the user able to specify the colour and layer of different parts of the design. This is a natural precursor to using products such as RDV (Rapid Design Visualisation) to take your information into an enriched 3D environment with realistic material mapping. In this tutorial we will explore the tools in the software to convert your surface design into layer discriminated 3D faces, ready for 3D visualisation and material rendering.

Goals
Learn how to export the surface data as a collection of 3D faces on different layers Time required: 10 minutes

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start - Please start Civil 3D 2008 and open the drawing file C:/CADAPPS Training Data/Civil 3D 2008/ARD2008/8-Visualisation.dwg. This project data includes a number of alignments and two surfaces - an existing surface and your design surface. Supporting this project data is the Advanced Road Design data - the design has been completed inclusive of all roads, kerb returns, cul-de-sac and knuckle.

A surface model already exists in the drawing.

Surface Modelling with Advanced Road Design

A surface has already been created for Civil 3D, however we want more - we want the layer discriminated 3D faces. In order to get this information out, you need to understand how the system operates. There are two things to consider: ARD creates a secondary surface model for the purposes of creating layer controllable 3D faces - you need to tell it to do this ARD reads information from a file to determine what layers to put the 3D faces on - you need to understand how it works

Active Drawing Settings - Enabling an alternate model

Advanced Road Design allows the user to specify whether or not to build an alternate surface model for rendering. To ensure that the alternate model is built, you need to set it in the Active Drawing Settings. Step 1: Click on the Active Drawing Settings icon or start the command [Roads]-[Settings]-[Active Drawing Settings].

Step 2: Tick ON the option to Create Mesh for Imported Faces Step 3: Click on Save and Exit to store these changes for the 3D Faces creation. When you next build the surface model, ARD will concurrently build another alternate surface model that you can import into the drawing as layer discriminated 3D faces. Special Note: If you set this up in the Global Drawing Settings, then it will be ticked on every time you start a new project and this step will not be required.

What layers where?

The alternate surface model will actually assign layers to the 3D faces by reading the labels that the triangles are connected to and then looking in a list for that pair (or triplet) of labels. If it finds a matching pair (or triplet) in the list then it uses the colour and layer specified in the list.

Step 4: From the menu, select [Roads]-[Settings]-[ Edit 3D Mapping File]. This will open up a file called MSHStandard for you to set up your list of layer pairs and the layer name and layer colour you want. Note: This is a simple text file, located in the 'Common' folder for the software (normally located at C:\Program Files\CADApps\ARD\Common for Windows XP users)

Step 5: Note the format of the file - you type in a pair (or triplet) of labels, then set layer colour and layer name SUFFIX. Special Note: The actual layer name assigned is made up of a PREFIX and SUFFIX component - the prefix layer component is set in the Active Drawing Settings form - go to the Layer Names tab. The suffix for the layer is set here:

In the example shown above, the new layers would be called A-3dF-Kerb for the kerb returns. Step 6: Close down the file without making any changes.

So, what happens if I forget some label combinations?

ARD will create a unique layer for each layer pair (or triplet) it finds - they will all show up RED in the drawing though (making them a bit difficult to distinguish!).

Creating the Alternate Surface Model

Step 7: Click on the Auto Model icon (from the Roads-Main toolbar) or select [Roads]-[Auto Model] from the menu.

The software will immediately create the surface TotalModel as well as another model in ARD for the 3D faces.

Step 8: From the menu select [Roads]-[Display Surface as 3D Faces]. This will immediately open the following form: Step 9: Select the Surface TotalModel from the list of surfaces and click OK.

Step 10: Select the file MSHStandard.txt to establish the layer assignments, tick ON to Isolate mesh layers and then click OK.

The surface is now expressed as a collection of 3D Faces in the drawing, all on different layers and with different colours representing the different features. 2D and 3D views of the outputs are shown, below:

Visualisation from the 3D faces

This can make a useful, immediate visualisation, or it could be 'run through' RDV to generate something more spectacular, in a 3D viewing environment that you can travel across and view from any angle:

Summary
In this tutorial you have learnt: ARD can output your designs as 3D faces on different layers, ready to visualise You can set what layers are used when the 3D faces are generated