Scenario

Around 210 GW of installed capacity, world's fifth largest. Captive plants supply 31 GW which are not connected to the grid e!a"ple #A$% and &A%C' national alu"iniu" co"pany li"ited(( #tate )* GW, Central *2 GW, +rivate *1 GW li,e -eliance power, .A.A power and Adani( $nstalled / .her"al **0, 110 GW 2 3ydro 1)0, 10GW 2 &uclear 20 , 1.)GW 2 -est 4io"ass, 4io"ass Gassifier, Wind, 5r6an and $ndustrial Waste +ower( 120 2* GW $ndia generated )77 45 during last year Coal 8 $ndia 7*0, #outh Africa 920, China :*0, Australia :*0 'ver 300 "illion citi;ens don<t have access to electricity of the 1.1 4illion in the world. 1=3 rd rural and *0 ur6an 8 no electricity. .hose whose have electricity 8 erratic, disruption in irrigation and "anufacturing +er Capita consu"ption ::*5 a day. $ndia needs an invest"ent of 137> 6illion dollars to provide electricity to all, acc to $nternational ?nergy Agency @ost active player in renewa6le energy utili;ation 2*GW( +ea, %oad de"and 110 pea, load availa6ility 127 around 100 shortfall #hortfall around *0 in the north eastern region to 17 0 in southern region #tates with largest power de"and and availa6ility 8 @aharashtra, 5+, .a"il&adu, A+ , GuAarat +ower surplus state and 5.s 8guAarat, delhi , #i,,i", 3+, -ural 8 700 no access to electricity , *0 ur6an +roAections in de"and 201* 8 21)GW 2021 8 29)GW pea, de"and need to add 137GW 6efore 201: after losses( @ay grow to 300GW 100GW installed capacity reBuired as "any plants wont 6e operational( till 201*, acc to @cCinsey 8 @ore villages D127,( will 6e attached to the grid, Buality of life goes up / do"estic de"and goes up, currently 6lac,outs and loadshedding artificially suppress de"and, "anufacturing "ay grow faster +er Capita Consu"ption for 2010 8 goa highest( 2000, delhi 8 1700 , .a"ilnadu 1200 , @adhya +radesh *00, 6ihar 100

%ow Calorific value of coal 1700,cal=,g 1 cal E 1.1) Aoule( , ta,es 0.:,g to generate 1CW3, co"pared to 0.17,g(, 3igh ash content 3ydro power could 6e )7 6ut it is 10GW. &3+C, #atluA hi"achal +radesh, 4ha,ra Fa"(, .ehri 5ttara,hand(, &.+C/3ydro Cost of generation 3ydro 8 20 paise per CW3 , Cost of generation Coal in &.+C 8 2.7 /3 #ale of +ower in &.+C for so"e states 8 per CW3( 8 &uclear power 8 1) pressuri;ed heavy water reactor in operation &ew uraniu" "ine found 8 esti"ated *1, tonnes, possi6ly 170, tonnes world<s largest( will 6e operational soon, no need to i"port &uclear power plants in @aharasthra, GuAarat, -aAasthan, .a"ilnadu, Carnata,a -enewa6le energy 8 "ainly window power 8 Cha"pioned 6y @inistry of &ew and -enewa6le ?nergy #olar +ower 8 Wester and #outhern higher insolation around 1/: Cw3="2( Gawaharlal &ehru #olar "ission in 2009 under which plan to generate 20GW 6y 2020 Hirst #olar +roAect in +halodi, -aAasthan. GuAarat state govern"ent is ta,ing active steps to get into solar power. 3igh initial invest"ent. $ndian #olar %oan progra""e 8 over span of 3 years "ore than 1*000 solar ho"e syste"s have 6een financed , particularly in south $ndia where the electricity grid does not e!tend. Wind +ower 8 "ostly in .a"ilnadu tuticorin( , #u;lon is the 6iggest here +otential highest in GuAarat( Furgaduani 8 "ini tidal proAect 8 7 to 17 @W per "etre

Problems
&etwor, %osses e!ceeded 320 against the international average of 170. .echnical losses are around 210, 6ut non technical losses are very high 8 power theft 6y illegal tapping, faulty electronic "eters Challenges 8 new proAect "anage"ent and e!ecution, ensuring fuel availa6ility, lac, of initiative to develop large coal and natural gas resources present in $ndia, land acBuisition, environ"ental clearances at state and central govt. %evel , availa6ility of s,illed "anpower

$n rural india, fa"ilies forgo entrepreneurial activities, wo"en ta,e to pu"ping water rather than wor,, children cant study after dar,, health clinics do not function properly .raditional fuels 8 fuelwood, agricultural waste and 6io"ass for coo,ing and heating. %eads to gases li,e #'I, &'I, +A3s polycycle aro"atic hydrocar6ons( 8 ha;e, s"og, da"age to forests, @aAority of the sewage treat"ent plants re"an closed due to lac, of power 8 environ"ental pro6le" &uclear power challenge / to address the pu6lic and policy "a,er perceptions a6out the safety of nuclear power, particularly after the Hu,ushi"a incident in Gapan %and acBuisition is a challenge to solar power 8 put solar panels a6ove far"s 8 lower water loss and generation also. Govt gives free electricity to far"ers #hortages of fuelJ despite a6undant reserves of coal, $ndia is facing a severe shortage of coal. .he country isn't producing enough to feed its power plants. #o"e plants do not have reserve coal supplies to last a day of operations. $ndia's "onopoly coal producer, state/controlled Coal $ndia, is constrained 6y pri"itive "ining techniBues and is rife with theft and corruptionK Coal $ndia has consistently "issed production targets and growth targets. +oor coal transport infrastructure has worsened these pro6le"s. .o e!pand its coal production capacity, Coal $ndia needs to "ine new deposits. 3owever, "ost of $ndia's coal lies under protected forests or designated tri6al lands. Any "ining activity or land acBuisition for infrastructure in these coal/rich areas of $ndia, has 6een rife with political de"onstrations, social activis" and pu6lic interest litigations.

+oor pipeline connectivity and infrastructure to harness $ndia's a6undant coal 6ed "ethane trapped 6etween coal 6ed, nearly liBuefied and lining due to adsorption adhesion of "olecules to a surface( ( and shale gas trapped 6etween shale( potential

.he giant new offshore natural gas field has delivered less fuel than proAected. $ndia faces a shortage of natural gas.

3ydroelectric power proAects in $ndia's "ountainous north and northeast regions have 6een slowed down 6y ecological, environ"ental and reha6ilitation controversies, coupled with pu6lic interest litigations.

$ndia's nuclear power generation potential has 6een sty"ied 6y political activis" since the Hu,ushi"a disaster in Gapan.

Average trans"ission, distri6ution and consu"er/level losses e!ceeding 300. 'ver 300 "illion people in $ndia have no access to electricity. 'f those who do, al"ost all find electricity supply inter"ittent and unrelia6le.

%ac, of clean and relia6le energy sources such as electricity is, in part, causing a6out )00 "illion people in $ndia to continue using traditional 6io"ass energy sources 8 na"ely fuelwood, agricultural waste and livestoc, dung 8 for coo,ing and other do"estic needs.L20M .raditional fuel co"6ustion is the pri"ary source of indoor air pollution in $ndia, causes 6etween 300,000 to 100,000 deaths per year and other chronic health issues.

$ndia<s coal/fired, oil/fired and natural gas/fired ther"al power plants are inefficient and offer significant potential for greenhouse gas C'2( e"ission reduction through 6etter technology. Co"pared to the average e"issions fro" coal/fired, oil/fired and natural gas/fired ther"al power plants in ?uropean 5nion ?5/2:( countries, $ndia<s ther"al power plants e"it 70 to 120 percent "ore C'2 per ,Wh produced.L:9M

Solutions
.ac,le non/technical losses #o"e state govern"ents have a"ended the $ndian electricity act of 1910 to "a,e electricity theft a cogni;a6le offence. #peedy trials 6y special courts for power theft 5n6undling 8 un6undled the utility electricity( into one generation, one trans"ission and 1 distri6ution GuAarat, A+ , -aAasthan, 'rissa , 3aryana etc.( 8 increasing transparency , accounta6ility, non technical losses in chec,, strea"lining operations of generation, distri6ution, trans"ission and trading . All entities fall under purview of co"panies act. @ay lead to +rivatisation. ?"ployee unions angry. Central ?lectricity Act 2003 pro6its any #?4s fro" functioning as integrated power co"panies(

4?&C3@A-C$&G