Application

Software

Antenna Hopping for UltraSite BTS

New Solution in BSS11 Application Software

Benefits:
Improved spectral efficiency in UltraSite
environment Less BTS sites needed
Quality and capacity improvements in
purely interference limited networks

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

Antenna Hopping for UltraSite BTS

Antenna Hopping improves the QoS both in downlink and uplink
(reduces number of transmission errors)
Transmission and reception of frames alternates between
physically separated antennas according to predefined rules
2dB DL/UL gain in very narrow band without any additional TRX

[BCCH TRX1
FN
BB

], [TRX2
FN

n+
1

], [BCCH TRX1
FN

n+
2

]..
.

TX 1
[TRX2 FNn], [BCCH TRX1
FN

BB

n+1

], [TRX2
FN

n+ ] ...
2

TX 2
F-Bus

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

BCCH vs Hopping TCH Coverage

BCCH TRX Coverage

Hopping TRX Coverage

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

Antenna Hopping for UltraSite BTS

Antenna hopping is an enhancement to RF hopping so that also BB-hopping is used
internally by the BTS to transmit via different antenna
Antenna hopping provides extra gain via improved spectral efficiency on BCCH layer
in very narrow band environment (e.g. 3.6 MHz)
Additional TRX is not required like in IDD
Minimum configuration is 2 TRX/cell
Data route to downlink in AH configuration (FN = N)
DTRU

EDIBA

D-bus

EFBIA

CHDSP

AH master TRX
RFM asics

UC

Data route to downlink in AH configuration (FN =N+1)

DTRU

EDIBA

D-bus

EQDSP

CHDSP

UC

EFBIA

UC

downlink bursts from AH slave

NOKIA

TX

EQDSP

Fbus

AH slave TRX
RFM asics

traffic TSs from Abis

signaling from the Abis I/f
downlink bursts from AH master

AH master TRX
RFM asics

TX

Fbus

EDIBA

EFBIA

CHDSP

EDIBA

UC

EQDSP

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

EFBIA

AH slave TRX
RFM asics

TX

Frame number FN=N

CHDSP

traffic TSs from Abis

signaling from the Abis I/f
downlink bursts from AH master
downlink bursts from AH slave

Company Confidential

TX

EQDSP

Frame Number FN=N+1

Requirements
BSS S11 & UltraSite CX4.04
ULTRASITE EDGE HW
EDGE TRX (non-EDGE TRX can be used in the same cabinet if it is in a
non-hopping or RF Hopping mode)
Minimum of 2 TRXs per BTS (or cell) where both are used for
antenna hopping
Antenna Hopping Groups can include the BCCH

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

Restrictions
The following features cannot be used together with Antenna
Hopping:

Cannot be used with Remote Tune Combiner (RTC)

Cannot be used with Baseband Hopping (BB) in the same BTS
Cannot be used with IDD in the same BTS (IDD uses the same BB hopping
module for AH)

The feature is OFF in the BTS if:

TRX(s) are down

The number of working TRXs fall below 2 TRXs/BTS

The following tests are not possible when Antenna Hopping is in

use

NOKIA

TRX test for Nokia UltraSite

TRX loop test

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

Implementation
Set parameter antenna hopping (AHOP) to Y
AHOP is BTS level
If HW configuration supports AH (i.e., two transmitting antennae),
site visit is not needed

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

Antenna hopping without frequency hopping

With uncorrelated TX antennas, 1.5-4.5 dB gain depending on MS
speed
With 0.5 correlation between TX antennas, 1.0-3.0 dB gain

TCH FER

100.0%

TU3 nFH
TU3 nFH AH
TU3 nFH AH corr
TU50 nFH
TU50 nFH AH
TU50 nFH AH corr

10.0%

1.0%
0

10
C/I [dB]

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

15

20

Antenna hopping with frequency hopping

With uncorrelated TX antennas, 2 dB gain in the example FH case
(random hopping over 5 adjacent frequencies)
With 0.5 correlation between TX antennas, the gain is less than 1 dB

100.0%
TU3 RH5

TCH FER

TU3 RH5 AH
TU3 RH5 AH corr
10.0%

1.0%
0

10
C/I [dB]

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

15

20

RH5 = random hopping over

5 frequencies, RF-hopping
with 5 adjacent frequencies
simulated

BCCH Re-use in Narrowband Network

3.6 MHz ~ 18 carriers

BCCH can not use

frequency hopping.

AH improves BCCH
performance =>
allows to tighten
frequency reuse:
from 5/15 to 4/12
from 4/12 down to 3/9
(target quality)

TCH

BCCH

TCH

BCCH

4/12

15
Bad quality connections [%] (connection FER > 1%)

Non-hopping traffic
channels limit the
performance in
interference limited.

Re-use
5/15

GSM EFR, reference

GSM EFR, IDD

EFR
10

3/9

EFR IDD
5

4/12
5/15

0
7

11

13

BCCH reuse factor

10

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

15

17

Total network level capacity (BCCH + EFR TCH)

Reference case: Lower spectral efficiency with small bandwidth
since BCCH layer reserves most of the band
AH on BCCH: Improves spectral efficiency significantly due to
decreased BCCH reuse (more hopping EFR TCH frequencies)
AH on all TRXs: Some additional capacity in EFR case
AH on all
frequencies

Relative spectral efficiency

1.2
1

AH on BCCH

0.8
0.6

reference

0.4
0.2
0
3.6 MHz 4.8 MHz

11

NOKIA

7.2 MHz

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

From the point of view of

spectral efficiency, the
benefits of AH are higher in
narrowband

Antenna Configuration 1/2

TRX

COMB
2way

TRX
TRX

COMB
2way

Antenna

Port 1

COMB
2way

TRX
DDU
(Filter)

TRX
TRX
TRX

COMB
2way
COMB
2way

Port 2

COMB
2way

TRX

Dual Stage 2 Way Combining

12

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

Antenna

Antenna Coniguration 2/2

TRX

COMB
2way

TRX
TRX

Antenna

Port 1
DDU
(Filter)

COMB
2way

Port 2

TRX
Single Stage 2 Way Combining

13

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

Antenna

14
09-25-2004:17
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ho_fail

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threshold2

threshold1

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threshold2

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3.5

2.5

0.5

14

12

10

Company Confidential

10-22-2004:17

DCR_8C 1700H

09-22-2004:17

threshold1

HO Failure Rate 1700H

09-19-2004:17

09-01-2004:17
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EFL 1700H

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tch_act_fail_call

tch_lapd_fail

tch_netw _act

tch_user_act

tch_bts_fail

tch_bcsu_reset

tch_a_if_fail_old

tch_a_if_fail_call

tch_tr_fail_old

tch_tr_fail

tch_abis_fail_old

tch_abis_fail

tch_rf_old_ho

10-31-2004:17

10-31-2004:17

tch_radio_fail

10-28-2004:17

HoppingEFL/Cell

10-16-2004:17

10-22-2004:17

DCR Causes 1700H

09-19-2004:17

1700H Performance Trends (Live Trial)

09-16-2004:17

09-13-2004:17

09-16-2004:17

2.5

09-13-2004:17

09-10-2004:17

1.5

09-10-2004:17

1.5

09-07-2004:17

09-04-2004:17

09-07-2004:17

09-01-2004:17

09-04-2004:17

DCR_8c

09-01-2004:17

0.5

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

ho_fail_intra

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

ho_fail_inter

NOKIA

15
%

tch_netw _act

tch_lapd_fail

3.5

10-04-2004:21
10-07-2004:21
10-10-2004:21

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threshold2

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4.5

2.5

0.5

16

14

12

10

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09-07-2004:21
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EFL 2100H

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10-13-2004:21

10-22-2004:21

10-19-2004:21
10-22-2004:21

10-31-2004:21

tch_act_fail_call

tch_user_act

tch_bts_fail

tch_bcsu_reset

tch_a_if_fail_old

tch_a_if_fail_call

tch_tr_fail_old

tch_tr_fail

tch_abis_fail_old

tch_abis_fail

10-31-2004:21

10-28-2004:21

tch_rf_old_ho

10-28-2004:21

10-25-2004:21

tch_radio_fail

10-25-2004:21

HoppingEFL/Cell

10-07-2004:21

10-16-2004:21

DCR Causes 2100H

09-25-2004:21
09-22-2004:21

2100H Performance Trends (Live Trial)

09-28-2004:21

09-16-2004:21

DCR_8C 2100H

09-25-2004:21

09-13-2004:21

09-22-2004:21

threshold1

HO Failure Rate 2100H

09-22-2004:21

DCR_8c

09-13-2004:21

10-01-2004:21

threshold2

3.5

09-10-2004:21

09-10-2004:21

09-19-2004:21

threshold1

2.5

1.5

09-07-2004:21

09-07-2004:21

09-16-2004:21

ho_fail

09-04-2004:21

09-04-2004:21

ho_fail_intra

Company Confidential

1.5

09-01-2004:21

09-01-2004:21

ho_fail_inter

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

NOKIA

0.5

DCR Performance Gains

2.50

2.00

20%

gain

DCR 8c

1.50

Baseline (before)
AH
1.00

Baseline (after)
15 BCCH

0.50

0.00
0

10

EFL

16

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

12

14

16

Preliminary SDCCH Success Rate

100.00

99.80

99.60

99.40

99.20

99.00

Baseline (before)
AH

98.80
Baseline (after)
98.60

15 BCCH

98.40

98.20

98.00
0

8
EFL

17

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential

10

12

14

Conclusions
Quality and capacity improvements in interference limited
networks
1-3 dB gain without FH (TU3, 0.5 correlation between TX antennas)
0.5 dB gain with RH5 (TU3, 0.5 correlation between TX antennas)
Actual field trials show a 20% gain in the Drop Call Rate
Mobile and Static traffic benefit from the processing gain
Improved KPIs (DCR and HOSR)
Possible benefits on hopping layer with high frequency correlation

18

NOKIA

Version 0.1 / 7-7-2004 / Samur Worasilpchai

Company Confidential