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hyslcs 121u, AuLumn 2013

LecLure lnsLrucLor: nlkolal 1ollch


CcL 23, 2013
! A movlng 2.3-kg block collldes wlLh a
horlzonLal sprlng whose sprlng
consLanL ls 320 n/m. 1he block
compresses Lhe sprlng a maxlmum
dlsLance of 7.3 cm from lLs resL
posluon. 1he coemclenL of klneuc
frlcuon beLween Lhe block and Lhe
horlzonLal surface ls 0.23.
a) Pow much work ls done by Lhe sprlng
ln brlnglng Lhe block Lo resL?
b) Pow much mechanlcal energy ls
dlsslpaLed by Lhe force of frlcuon
whlle Lhe block ls belng broughL Lo
resL by Lhe sprlng?
c) WhaL ls Lhe speed of Lhe block when lL
hlL Lhe sprlng?
! A movlng 2.3-kg block collldes wlLh a
horlzonLal sprlng whose sprlng
consLanL ls 320 n/m. 1he block
compresses Lhe sprlng a maxlmum
dlsLance of 7.3 cm from lLs resL
posluon. 1he coemclenL of klneuc
frlcuon beLween Lhe block and Lhe
horlzonLal surface ls 0.23.
a) Pow much work ls done by Lhe sprlng
ln brlnglng Lhe block Lo resL? -0.90 !
b) Pow much mechanlcal energy ls
dlsslpaLed by Lhe force of frlcuon
whlle Lhe block ls belng broughL Lo
resL by Lhe sprlng? -0.46 !
c) WhaL ls Lhe speed of Lhe block when lL
hlL Lhe sprlng? 1.0 m/s
! A block of mass m, lnlually held aL resL on a frlcuonless ramp
a verucal dlsLance P above Lhe oor, slldes down Lhe ramp
and onLo a oor where frlcuon causes lL Lo sLop a dlsLance u
from Lhe bouom of Lhe ramp. 1he coemclenL of klneuc
frlcuon beLween Lhe box and Lhe oor ls k.
! WhaL ls Lhe macroscoplc work done on Lhe block by frlcuon durlng Lhls
process? -mgP
! WhaL ls Lhe macroscoplc work done on Lhe block by all forces durlng
Lhls process? 0
! 8eadlng chapLer 3-3 & 8-2
! CenLer of mass
! Mouon of Lhe cenLer of mass
! klneuc energy of a sysLem
! CenLer of mass" of an ob[ecL moves as lf all
Lhe mass were concenLraLed aL LhaL polnL,
and all exLernal forces were applled Lhere.
Parabolic path
followed by the
center of mass of
the hammer
! 1he posluon of Lhe cenLer of mass of a sysLem of !
parucles, !
cm
ls glven by

! 1he posluon of Lhe cenLer of mass, "
cm
, of Lwo
parucles slmng along Lhe x-axls ls glven by
m
1
+ m
2
( )
x
cm
= m
1
x
1
+ m
2
x
2

m
i
i
N
!
"
#
$
%
&
'
!
r
cm
= M
!
r
cm
= m
i
!
r
i
i
N
!
! Pow far ls Lhe cenLer of mass of
Lhe LarLh-moon sysLem from Lhe
cenLer of LarLh? Lxpress Lhe
answer ln m and as a fracuon of
Lhe LarLh's radlus.
! 1he masses of LarLh and Lhe
moon are 3.98 ! 10
24
kg and
7.36 ! 10
22
kg, respecuvely. 1he
mean dlsLance beLween LarLh
and Lhe moon ls 3.82 ! 10
8
m.
1he mean radlus of LarLh ls
6.37 ! 10
6
m.
! Pow far ls Lhe cenLer of mass of
Lhe LarLh-moon sysLem from Lhe
cenLer of LarLh? Lxpress Lhe
answer ln m and as a fracuon of
Lhe LarLh's radlus. 4.46*10
6
m,
0.729*radlus earLh
! 1he masses of LarLh and Lhe
moon are 3.98 ! 10
24
kg and
7.36 ! 10
22
kg, respecuvely. 1he
mean dlsLance beLween LarLh
and Lhe moon ls 3.82 ! 10
8
m.
1he mean radlus of LarLh ls
6.37 ! 10
6
m.
! We can LreaL a conunuous ob[ecL as a sysLem of
many small pleces sLuck LogeLher. ln Lhe llmlL where
Lhe mass of Lhe pleces approaches zero, we can
LreaL Lhe sum as an lnLegral.

dm
!
( )
!
r
cm
= M
!
r
cm
=
!
r dm
!
m
i
i
N
!
"
#
$
%
&
'
!
r
cm
= M
!
r
cm
= m
i
!
r
i
i
N
!
! veloclLy and accelerauon of cenLer of mass of a
sysLem of ! parucles are
! newLon's 2nd Law for such sysLem ls
! 1he cenLer of mass of a sysLem moves llke a parucle
of mass # under Lhe lnuence of Lhe neL exLernal
force acung on Lhe sysLem.

M
!
v
cm
= m
i
!
v
i
i
N
!
and M
!
a
cm
= m
i
!
a
i
i
N
!

!
F
net ext
=
!
F
i ext
i
N
!
= M
!
a
cm
! See-Saw CenLer of Mass
! uemonsLrauon of cenLer of mass of a sysLem of
parucles," and conservauon of llnear momenLum.
! uouble Cone on lncllne
! uemonsLrauon of gravlLauonal force acung on Lhe
cenLer of mass
! 1wo skaLers, one wlLh mass
63.0 kg and Lhe oLher wlLh
mass 40.0 kg, sLand on an
lce rlnk holdlng a pole wlLh
a lengLh of 10.0 m and a
negllglble mass. SLarung
from Lhe ends of Lhe pole,
Lhe skaLers pull Lhemselves
along Lhe pole unul Lhey
meeL. Pow far wlll Lhe
40.0 kg skaLer move?
! 1wo skaLers, one wlLh mass
63.0 kg and Lhe oLher wlLh
mass 40.0 kg, sLand on an
lce rlnk holdlng a pole wlLh
a lengLh of 10.0 m and a
negllglble mass. SLarung
from Lhe ends of Lhe pole,
Lhe skaLers pull Lhemselves
along Lhe pole unul Lhey
meeL. Pow far wlll Lhe
40.0 kg skaLer move?
6.19 m
! 1he non-conservauve lnLernal forces can change Lhe
LoLal mechanlcal energy of Lhe sysLem.
! klneuc energy of a sysLem of parucles can be
expressed as
! $
l
ls Lhe veloclLy of Lhe l
Lh
parucle wlLh respecL Lo Lhe
cenLer of mass.
! Cnly Lhe relauve klneuc energy %
rel
can changed by
lnLernal forces ln an lsolaLed sysLem.
K = K
i
i
N
!
=
1
2
m
i
v
cm
2
i
N
!
+
1
2
m
i
u
i
2
=
1
2
M
i
N
!
v
cm
2
+ K
rel
! 1wo ob[ecLs, one havlng Lwlce Lhe mass of Lhe oLher, are
lnlually aL resL. 1wo forces, one Lwlce as blg as Lhe oLher, acL
on Lhe ob[ecLs ln opposlLe dlrecuons as shown above.
! Whlch of Lhe followlng sLaLemenLs abouL Lhe accelerauon of
Lhe cenLer of mass of Lhe sysLem ls Lrue?
! AL Lhe lnsLanL a 3.0-kg
parucle has a veloclLy of
6.0 m/s ln Lhe dlrecuon of
decreaslng y, a 4.0 kg
parucle has a veloclLy of
7.0 m/s ln Lhe dlrecuon of
lncreaslng x. WhaL ls Lhe
speed of Lhe cenLer of
mass of Lhe Lwo-parucle
sysLem?
! AL Lhe lnsLanL a 3.0-kg
parucle has a veloclLy of
6.0 m/s ln Lhe dlrecuon of
decreaslng y, a 4.0 kg
parucle has a veloclLy of
7.0 m/s ln Lhe dlrecuon of
lncreaslng x. WhaL ls Lhe
speed of Lhe cenLer of
mass of Lhe Lwo-parucle
sysLem? 4.8 m/s
! A 3.0-kg block ls Lravellng Lo Lhe
rlghL aL 3.0 m/s, and a second
3.0-kg block ls Lravellng Lo Lhe
le aL 2.0 m/s.
a) llnd Lhe LoLal klneuc energy of
Lhe Lwo blocks.
b) llnd Lhe veloclLy of Lhe cenLer
of mass of Lhe Lwo-block
sysLem.
c) llnd Lhe klneuc energy
assoclaLed wlLh Lhe mouon of
Lhe cenLer of mass.
d) llnd Lhe veloclLy of each block
relauve Lo Lhe cenLer of mass.
e) llnd Lhe klneuc energy of Lhe
blocks relauve Lo Lhe cenLer of
mass.
! A 3.0-kg block ls Lravellng Lo Lhe
rlghL aL 3.0 m/s, and a second 3.0-
kg block ls Lravellng Lo Lhe le aL
2.0 m/s.
a) llnd Lhe LoLal klneuc energy of Lhe
Lwo blocks. 44 !
b) llnd Lhe veloclLy of Lhe cenLer of
mass of Lhe Lwo-block sysLem. 1.3
m/s x-dlr
c) llnd Lhe klneuc energy assoclaLed
wlLh Lhe mouon of Lhe cenLer of
mass. 6.8 !
d) llnd Lhe veloclLy of each block
relauve Lo Lhe cenLer of mass. 1:
3.3 m/s x-dlr, 2: -3.3 m/s x-dlr
e) llnd Lhe klneuc energy of Lhe
blocks relauve Lo Lhe cenLer of
mass. 37 !

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