Bi tp ln thit k qu trnh cng ngh ha hc

TRNG I HC M - A CHT B mn: Lc Ha - Du

BI TP NHM

Ging vin hng dn:

Phm Trung Kin (0964040031) (0964040032) (0964040033) (0964040034) (0964040035) (0964040036)

Nhm sinh vin thc hin: 1) Nguyn ha lan 2) V Th L 3) inh Trng Lnh 4) H Th Lc 5) Phm c Mnh 6) L Xun Minh

Lp: K54A-TH lc ha du Tn Ti: thit lp d n thit k qu trnh sn xut Ethylen Glycol t Ethylen oxit v Nc vi cng sut 100000lb/hr

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Li m u Chng ta ang sng trong mt x hi hin i v vn ang trn pht trin mnh m. Cht lng cuc sng con ngi ang dn c ci thin th nhu cu v tinh thn v vt cht ngy cng cao ,v vy cc ngnh cng ngh trn ton th gii khng ngng tm ti v nghin cu ua ra c cc sn phm ph hp vi i hi ca th trng. Trong cng nghip ha cht cng khng phi ngoi l. y l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip mi nhn. N khng nhng mang li ngun li ng k,m cn thc y cc ngnh khc pht trin theo. Cng vi s pht trin ca cng nghip, ngnh cng nghip ha du ngy cng pht trin mnh m v chim mt v tr v cng quan trng trong nhiu lnh vc vi mc ch ch yu l gii quyt vn nguyn liu cho sn xut cng nghip, dn dng Tuy ra i c mun hn cc ngnh khc, nhng kh nng ng dng ca n l v cng rng ln. Hu ht cc vt liu trong k thut v i sng ngy nay u c thay th bng nhiu loi vt liu mi c tng hp t cc ngun nguyn liu trong cng nghip du m. Do vic sn sut cc hp cht ha hc t ngun nguyn liu lc du ngy cng gia tng ng k. Mt trong nhng loi ha cht c sn xut nhiu l ethylen glycol. Ethylen glycol l mt cht c nhiu ng dng trong ngnh cng nghip ha cht, l nguyn liu trung gian cho qu trnh sn xut nha alkyd, nha polyesterv n c nhiu ng dng rng ri nh lm gim nhit ng nh h nc, kh nng ht m, bn ha hc cao Chnh v th m vic tm hiu cng ngh sn xut ethylen glycol l rt cn thit. c bit l nh my sn xut ethylen glycol bng qu trnh hydrat ha ethylene oxit. l l do chng em chn ti : thit lp d n thit k qu trnh sn xut Ethylen Glycol t Ethylen oxit v Nc vi cng sut 100000lb/hr. thc hin c bi tp ny,xin cm n s gip v ging dy nhit tnh ca thy gio Phm Trung Kin, cng tc ti b mn Lc Ha Du khoa Du Kh H M a Cht. Do thi gian khng nhiu, kin thc v mn hc cn thiu st nn trong bi tp ln ny cn nhng sai lm v nhc im, mong thy gio thng cm v gip . Chng em chn thnh cm n! Thanh Ha, ngy 14 thng 11 nm 2013.
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Nhm sinh vin thc hin: 1. Nguyn Hu Lan 2. V Th L 3. inh Trng Lnh 4. H Th Lc 5. Phm c Mnh 6. L Xun Minh

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CHNG I M U 1. Gii thiu v EthyleneGlycol (EG) Etylen glycol , 1,2-ethanediol, c cng thc cu to : HOCH2CH2OH, (Mr62.07) vi tn thng gi l Glycol l mt ru hai nhm chc n gin nht. c sn xut u tin bi WUZT bng cch cho phn ng gia 1,2-dibromoethan vi CH3COOAg to sn phm diEtylen acetat este,sau s dng H2 phn hu este thnh Etylenglycol. E.G c s dng u tin trong i chin th gii I vi vai tr sn xut thuc n (Etylen glycol dinitrate) v sau ny thnh mt trong nhng sn phm cng nghip quan trng Nng sut ton th gii sn xut Etylen Glycol theo phn ng thu phn Etylen Oxit c tnh khong 7.106t/a. E.G c s dng trong lm cht chng ng trong b phn lm mt ca ng c t,v ng thi l nguyn liu quan trng cho vic sn xut si polyester. 2. Tnh cht vt l ca EG: E.G l cht lng khng mu khng mi v c v ngt n rt ho nc v c th tan hon ton trong rt nhiu dung mi phn cc nh nc,ru,E.O v aceton. Tuy nhin i vi cc dung mi khng phn cc nh Benzen,Toluen,Diclo Etan,cloroform,kh nng ho tan ca E.G vi chng khng phi l cao lm. 3. Tnh cht ha hc ca EG: Etylen glycol c tnh cht ho hc ca mt ru hai chc thng thng. y,ta ch ch n nhng tnh cht ha hc c bit v nhng phn ng quan trng trong cng nghip.Vi hai nhm chc cnh nhau cho php xy ra phn ng ng vng ete hay thc hin phn ng trng ngng to ra nhng poly este vi cc axit a chc khc c vai tr rt quan trng trong cng nghip. a)Phn ng xy ho: E.G rt d dng b xy ho bi cc tc nhn xy ho nh O2,HNO3 ...cho ta mt lot cc sn phm khc nhau nh glycolaldehyde (HOCH2CHO) ,glycolic acid (HOCH2COOH), glyoxal (CHOCHO), glyoxylic acid (HCOCOOH), oxalic acid (HOOCCOOH), formaldehyde (HCHO), and formic acid (HCOOH).Mi iu kin tin hnh phn ng s cho ta mt sn phm chnh khc nhau.Vic xy ho E.G pha hi vi tc nhn khng kh trn xc tc Cu to sn phm glyoxal c vai tr quan trng trong cng nghip.Cn khi
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thc hin phn ng nhm chia tch lin kt C-C kt hp xy ho s to ra sn phm l andehyt foocmic v axit foocmic. b)Phn ng to 1,3-dioxolan: 1,3-dioxolan l sn phm ca phn ng gia Etylen glycol vi hp cht cacbonyl. Phn ng trn cho hiu sut cao khi ta loi nc ra khi sn phm.Phn ng ny nhm mc ch bo v nhm cacbonyl trong qu trnh phn ng tng hp hu c. c)Phn ng to ete v este ho: E.G c th b alkyl ho hay axyl ho to ra sn phm ete hay cc este tng ng.Tuy nhin,vic c hai nhm chc OH s dn ti vic to sn phm mono- hoc diete,mono-,di- este ph thuc vo nng ban u ca mi cht phn ng.Phn ng este ha gia E.G vi axit terephtalic to ra polyeste l mt trong nhng phn ng c ngha ht sc quan trng trong tng hp si polyeste. d)phn ng vi epoxy: Phn ng ny him khi s dng trong cng nghip. 4. ng dng:

Ethylen Glycol (EG) hay cn c tn gi khc l Mono Ethylen Glicol(MEG) c cc tnh cht nh : lm gim nhit ng nh h nc, kh nng ht m, bn ho hc, kh nng phn ng vi Ethylene oxide v cc acid khc. V th n c dng nhiu trong cc ng dng: a) Cht trung gian sn xut nha: Nha alkyd : Qu trnh ester ho ca EG vi polyhydric acid to ra polyester. Sau , Polyester ny c bin i vi cn hoc du lm kh dng lm nguyn liu cho ngnh sn. Phn ng gia EG v acid dihydric cacboxylic hoc cc anhydride c bit nh : Phthalic anhydride to ra alkyd resins, y l nguyn liu sn xut cao su tng hp, keo dn hoc cc loi sn ph b mt. - Cc loi nha polyester (dng si, mng polyester v nha polyethylene terephthalate (PET). - Nha polyester dng trong sn xut tu thuyn, nguyn liu ngnh xy dng, thn my bay, xe hi, dt v bao b - Si polyester thng c dng trong ngnh dt nh qun o v thm - Mng Poliester thng c dng trong bao b v mng co trong hng ho tiu dng, sn xut bng video, a vi tnh. - Nha ( polyethylene terephthalate) dng sn xut chai ng nc ung (chai pet),
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thng cha v bao b thc phm. b) Cht chng ng - Cht chng ng lm mt dng trong ng c xe my, my bay v ng bng. - Dung dch ti nhit ( cc bnh nn kh, gia nhit, thng gi, my lnh) - Cht chng ng v lm mt ng c xe hi - Dng trong cc cng thc pha ch h nc nh keo dn, sn latex, cc nha tng t nh nha ng c) Cht gi m - Dng lm cht gi m trong cng nghip thuc l v x l cc nt bn, h dn, keo dn, giy, thuc da. d) Cc ng dng khc: - Sn xut cht c ch n mn v cht chng ng dng cho my mc c lm lnh bng nc v cc nh my lm lnh - Khi trn vi nc v cht kim hm c dng trong cht sinh hn. u im ca n l khng n mn. - Dung mi ho tan thuc nhum trong ngnh dt v thuc da. - EG c th ho tan tt thuc nhum nn n c trong qu trnh nhum mu v hon thin g, ch c dng trong trng hp bay hi thp. - Lm nguyn liu ban u trong sn xut polyol bt ngun t Ethylene oxid, cc polyol ny c dng lm cht bi trn hoc phn ng vi isocyanates trong sn xut polyurethanes.Khng c dng EG trong thc phm v dc. Ta c th thy c Ethylen Glycol c ng dng rt rng ri trong rt nhiu ngnh cng nghip c bit l trong ngnh cng nghip ha cht bi vy vic sn xut EG l ht sc cn thit. Ni dung ca bi ton d cp n vic thit lp d n thit k qu trnh sn xut Ethylen Glycol t Ethylen Oxit v nc:

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CHNG II THIT LP D N THIT K QU TRNH SN XUT ETHYLEN GLYCOL T ETHYLEN OXIT V NC VI CNG SUT 100000lb/hr I.).THIT K CU TRC PHN T Nh chng ta bit EG l mt cht c ng dng rt rng ri trong rt nhiu lnh vc nh ni trn do vy trc tin trc khi i vo thit k qu trnh sn xut EG t Ethylen Glycol v Nc th chng ta phi i thit k cu trc phn t ca EG Ethylen Glycol c cng thc cu to l HO-CH2-CH2-OH V c cu trc khng gian nh sau

Cu trc dng rng

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Cu trc dng c Ta c mt s thng s vt l v EG nh sau Nhit im si ti 101325pa:197.600C im nng chy: -130C Khi lng ring ti 200C: 1.1135 g/cm3 T trng nD20 : 1.4318 Nhit ha hi(101.3 kPa): 52.24 kJ/mol Nhit chy: 19.7MJ/kg Cc gi tr gii hn: Tc : 3720C Pc: 6515.73 KPa Vc: 0.186 L/mol im chp chy thp nht: 1110C Nhit bt chy: 4100C Gii hn n di: 3.2% V

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Gii hn n trn : 58% V nht ti 200C : 19.83 Ns/m H s n khi 200C: 0.6210-3 K-1 Ethylen Glycol ngoi mono ethylene glycol cn c cc cht khc nh l: di ethylene glycol, tri ethylene glycol, tetra ethylene glycol, poly ethylene glycol Di y l thng s vt l ca cc loi ethylene glycol

Da vo nhng thng s trn v EG ta bit c nhng thng s k thut ca EG m chng ta cn thit k v sn xut II) KHI TO QU TRNH THIT K EG Cc phng php sn xut EG Ta c sn xut EG ta c th tin hnh bng nhiu phng php khc nhau sau y l mt s phng php sn xut EG 1) Sn xut E.G bng qu trnh hydrat ha E.O CH2 CH2 O 2) Thy phn clohydrin etylen vi s c mt ca natri bicacbonat.
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H2 O

HO-CH2-CH2-OH

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CH2=CH2

HClO

HO-CH2-CH2-Cl HO-CH2-CH2-OH + CO2 + H2O + NaCl

HO-CH2-CH2-Cl + NaHCO3

3) Phng php da trn qu trnh cacbonyl ha formaldehyt thnh axit glycol, sau este ha axit ny to hydrin metyl axetat, hydro phn este. HO-CH2-COOH + CH3 HO-CH2-COOCH3 + 2H2 HO-CH2-COOCH3 HO-CH2-CH2-OH + CH3OH

4) Phng php axetoxyl ha etylen thnh diaxetat sau thy phn to glycol.

CH2=CH2 + 2CH3OH + O2

CH3COO-CH2-CH2-COOCH3 + H2O Ho298 = -125 KJ/mol

CH3COO-CH2-CH2-COOCH3 + 2H2O

HO-CH2-CH2-OH + 2CH3COOH Ho298= -17 KJ/mol

5) Phng php tng hp EG mt giai on i t nguyn liu etylen, xc tc c s dng c cha ion talic trong dung dch HCl. CH2=CH2 + H2O + O2 HO-CH2-CH2-OH

6) Phng php i t kh tng hp c s dng cht xc tc cha phc ca rodicacbonyl. 2CO + 3H2 HO-CH2-CH2-OH + p sut : 140-340 MPa + Nhit : 125-130 oC + Sn phm ph: metyl format, metanol, nc. 7) Phng php hydro ha n-butyl oxalat thnh EG v n-butyl ancol. Butyl oxalat c to bi qu trnh oxi cacbonyl ha n-butanol trong pha lng:

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2n-C4H9OH + 2CO + O2 (n-C4H9COO)2 + 4H2

(n-C4H9COO)2 + H2O Cu-Cr HO-CH2-CH2-OH + 2n-C4H9OH

Trn y l nhng cch iu ch EG tuy nhin phng php iu ch EG t Ethylen oxit v nc cho ta hiu sut cng nh gi thnh cao do vy chng ta s nghin ca qu trnh sn xut EG t ethylene oxit v nc Ta c phng trnh phn ng iu ch EG t ethylene oxit v nc nh sau CH2 CH2 O + H2 O HO-CH2-CH2-OH H=-79.4 kJ/mol

Ngoi phn ng chnh trn ra th c c th sy ra nhng phn ng sau: CH2 CH2 O 2CH2 CH2 O nCH2 CH2 O Nh vy ngoi mono ethylene glycol l sn phm chnh ra th chng ta cn c cc sn phm ph nng hn mono ethylene glycol nh l di ethylene glycol tri ethylene glycol v cc poly ethylene glycol Do vy sau khi phn ng xong th chng ta cn phi tinh ch sn phm EG nh mong mun sau y l s khi v s cng ngh n gin ca qu trnh sn xut EG t ethylene oxit v nc III) Xy da s cng ngh v s khi ca qu trnh sn xut EG t ethylene glycol v nc + HO-CH2-CH2-OH HO-(CH2CH2O)n+1-H + HO-CH2-CH2-OH HO-(CH2CH2O)3-H + HO-CH2-CH2-OH HO-(CH2CH2O)2-H

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S khi qu trnh sn xut Ethylen Glycol t Ethylen oxit v nc

Nc H2O

Ethylen oxit C2H4O

Thit b phn ng

Thit b lm kh

Triethylen Glycol

Thit b tinh ch sn phm

Diethylen Glycol

Monoethylen Glycol

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S cng dng qu trnh sn xut Ethylen Glycol t Ethylen oxit v nc

Monoethylene Glycol Diethylene Glycol Triethylene Glycol H2 O

C2H4O

2 H

3 H

4 H

5 H

Polyethylene Glycol

1.) Thit b phn ng 2.)Thp lm kh 3.)Thp tch Monoethylene Glycol 4.)Thp tch Diethylene Glycol 5.)Thp tch triethylene Glycol H. thit b trao i nhit Sau y l s cng ngh ca qu trnh s n xut EG t ethylene oxit v nc trong cng nghip

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Thuyt minh s cng ngh: ethylene oxide v hi nc a vo thit b trn nguyn liu u chng c th trn ln vo nhau. Hn hp c trao i nhit vi dng hi nc ngng t vng sy lm nng hn hp nguyn liu. Hn hp tip tc c gia nhit n nhit khong 200oC v c a vo thit b hydrat ha. Ti thit b hydrat ha cc phn ng to EG xy ra. Sn phm i ra khi thit b l hn hp cc etylen glycol (mono-, di-, tri-, polyetylen glycol ) v nc. Dng sn phm c a vo vng sy c ht chn khng tch phn ln lng nc v lng nc a vo ban u tng i nhiu so vi Etyle Oxit). vng sy bao gm cc thit b l cc thp bay hi c thit b gia nhit y thp (gia nhit bng thit b gia nhit y thp hoc trao i nhit vi dng sn phm ca thit b trc ). Dng sn phm i ra khi vng sy l mt phn nh nc v hn hp cc etylen glycol. Sn phm tip tc c a vo thit b dehydrat ha (thit b l thp chng luyn ) tch trit nc nh thp. Nc c tun hon v thit b trn ban u. y thp bao gm hn hp cc EG.
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Hn hp c chuyn qua thp tch monoetylenglycol thong qua bm ly tm. y thit b c thit b gia nhit y thp nng nhit ln cao (198oC<T<243oC) ha hi mono-EG v ngng t thu nh thp. Sn phm y thp l rafinat (di-, tri-, polyEG) c chuyn qua thp tch di- EG v c gia nhit y thp n nhit thch hp (244o C<T<287oC) tch di-EG v thu nh thp. Sn phm y c a qua thp tch tri-EG c gia nhit ti nhit ph hp (> 288oC) tch tri-EG. Phn y gm cc poly-EG c ly ra y thp. Thnh phn cc sn phm ly ra ngoi cc iu kin cng ngh cn ph thuc cht ch vo t l Nc/Etylen Oxit cho vo ban u. Nh vy ta bit c rng t c hiu qu ca qu trnh l tt nht v thu c lng mono ethylene l nhiu nht v hn ch cc phn ng ph sy ra trong qu trnh th ngoi iu kin v cng ngh nh nhit p sut cht xc tc cho qu trnh th qu trnh ny t c hiu qu nh mong mun th n cn ph thuc vo t l nc/ethylene oxit cho vo ban u sau y l th biu din mi quan h gia t l nc/ehtylen oxit v hm lng ethylen oxit chuyn ha trong qu trnh.

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Hnh: Thnh phn sn phm thu c t qu trnh thy phn theo t l EO/H

a- l monoethylen glycol b- l diethylen glycol c- l tri ethylene glycol d- l cc poly ethylene glycol v EG sau khi c tinh ch th n phi m bo c cc ch tiu v cht lng nh sau:

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Vic to thnh cc sn phm ph trn l khng th trnh khi do phn ng ca etylen oxyt vi etylen glycol sinh ra nhanh hn l phn ng ca n vi nc.Hiu sut to sn phm ph c th c x l bng cch cho d tht nhiu H2O.Thng c th s dng s mol nc gp 20 ln so vi etylen oxyt. Ngi ta cng c th s dng H2SO4 lm xc tc cho qu trnh,nhng thc t khng cn vy v hiu sut ca n ch cao hn hiu sut phn ng thu phn khng cn xc tc.Theo nghin cu th s c khong 90% etylen oxyt c chuyn ha thnh monoetylen glycol.Cn 10% thnh cc dng khc. Sau khi ri khi thit b phn ng,sn phm s c lm sch bng cc ct chng vi p sut gim dn. Nc c quay tr li thit b phn ng, cn cc sn phm ln lt c tch ra bng cc ct chng luyn nh trn s trn.Thc t th nng ca tri-E.G l qu b nhn bit c.Nhit gii phng t thit b phn ng s c s dng cho qu trnh chng ct.Cn phi ch ti cc sn phm ph nh andedyt ho c th xy ra.Hnh dng ca thit b phn ng s gip gim thiu phn ng ny v tng hiu qu chn lc ca sn phm chnh. qu trnh xy ra vi chn lc cao hn,nhit thp hn v lng nc yu cu gim i,th cn phi c xc tc.Hn na , vic c xc tc gip cho vic phn tch v sau d dng hn.Tuy nhin cho ti nay th mi xc tc cho qu trnh thu phn ny cha chng t c hiu qu kinh t ca n.
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thc hin qu trnh t hiu sut nh mong mun th chng ta c cc thng s v iu kin vn hnh ca qu trnh ny nh sau: Nguyn liu ethylene oxit c pha long bng hn hp nc vi oxit:t l 2025/1 Thit b phn ng p sut 1.5 Mpa, nhit u vo 1500C, nhit u ra 2002100C. Cht xc tc: H+ Thi gian lu: 45 pht dn mt gi chn lc ca sn phm: 88.5% mol EG, 10.5% DEG, 0.5%TEG Trn y l nhng thng s cn thit cho qu trnh thit k v sn xut EG t ethylene oxit v nc. IV) thit k iu khin cho qu trnh sn xut EG t ethylene oxit v nc.

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SP
FC

AC

xSP

vapour

FT

SP Ethylene oxit
REACTOR LT LC

Nc

FC

duty
TT

FT

AT

FT

SP
FC TC

liquid

TSP

S iu khin qu trnh

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Thuyt minh s iu khin Ta c phn ng ca chng ta y l phn ng ta nhit do vy chng ta cn iu khin nhit u ra ca thit b do vy chng ta cn mt dng nng lng c th iu khin c nhit u ra nh mong mun y chng ta dng dng nng lng duty duy tr nhit u ra cho thit b phn ng Dng sn phm ra y ca thit b phn ng v chng ta s iu khin nhit ca dng sn phm ra y ca thit b phn ng. Dng sn phm sau khi c i ra y ca thit b phn ng th s c mt kh c o v chuyn i nhit TT v tc ng n thit b iu khin TC v so snh vi gi tr nhit t trc TSP y gi tr TSP = 2000C sau khi so snh vi gi tr TSP th n s tc ng n thit b iu khin lng FC ti thit b iu khin la lng FC th n s so snh vi thit b chuyn i la lng FT v gi tr SP v sau s tc ng n thit b chp hnh y l van v n s iu chnh dng la lng duty duy tr nhit dng u ra = 2000 C thu c hiu sut cao nht Do y l thit b phn ng CSTR do vy mt bin chung ta cn iu khin l mc cht lng trong thit b phn ng iu khin mc cht lng trong thit b phn ng chng ta s dng kh c o v chuyn i mc LT sau y n s tc ng n thit b iu khin mc LC v tin hnh so snh vi gi tr t SP v gi tr SP. y SP = 85%v sau n s tc ng n thit b iu khin la lng FC v y th n s tin hnh iu khin la lng dng u ra ca sn phm m bo c ma cht lng trong thit b phn ng theo yu cu.thit b iu khin FC s tc ng n thit b chp hnh y l van v iu khin la lng dng u ra Bin th ba chng ta cn iu khin y l cn iu khin thnh phn ca Ethylen Glycol sn phm iu khin bin ny th chng ta tin hnh iiu khin la lng ca Ethylen Oxit u vo nh sau Sn phm ra y ca thit b phn ng v c kh c chuyn i v phn tch AT tc ng n thit b iu khin phn tch AC v n s tin hnh so snh vi gi tr t trc xSP v y xsp = 0.05 phn mol sau y n s tc ng n thit b iu khin la lng
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FC v tc ng vo thit b chp hnh l van iu khin la lng ca Ethylen Oxit thu c lng sn phm nh mong mun Trn y l ton b qu trnh iu khin thit b phn ng CSTR thu c nng sut nh mong mun Qu trnh iu khin s c th hin bng vic s dng phn mn HYSYS trong phn sau V) M phng tnh nh gi qu trnh bng vic s dng phn mn HYHYS Bng vic ng dng phn mn hysys ta tnh ton s b c cn bng vt cht cho qu trnh sn xut EG t EO v nc nh sau

6.1 lb/h ethylene oxit 7.137104 lb/h ethylene oxit

reactor

511272lb/h nc

5.4105 lb/h nc 100000lb/hr EG

Ta c kt qu m phng tnh qu trnh bng vic s dng phn mn HYSYS nh sau Qu trnh m phng tnh c gn trong file nh km v cho kt qu nh sau:

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Bng kt ca qu trnh nh sau:

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Bi tp ln thit k qu trnh cng ngh ha hc

Nhn vo kt qu trn ta thy rng chuyn ha ca ethylene oxit t 99.99% VI) M phng ng qu trnh Qu trnh m phng ng c th hin trong file nh km VII) c tnh cu hnh thit b,ti a ha ,tnh ton kinh t VII.1)c tnh cu hnh thit b Kt qu ca qu trnh HYSYS cho ta kt qu nh sau

Nh vy ta c th tch ca th b V = 70.63 ft3 ng knh ca thit b phn ng D =3.914 ft Chiu cao ca thit b phn ng H = 5.871 ft tnh ton thit b phn ng chng ta c th s dng cun elements of chemical reation engineering tnh ton th tch v cc thng s ca thit b phn ng.

Nhm 5

LHDK54A-TH

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Bi tp ln thit k qu trnh cng ngh ha hc

Nhm 5

LHDK54A-TH

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