UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING SCIENCE AND GEOMATICS
SEMESTER SEPT 13 JAN 13

ADVANCED PHOTOGRAMMETRY (SUG 615)

LAB 2 FLIGHT PLANNING

GROUP AP2205 B

PREPARED BY :
NAME : MOHD AMIERUL AZWAN BIN MOHD AZMI
STUDENT ID : 2012404342

SUBMITTED DATE : 03/10/2013

PREPARED FOR :
EN PUAT BIN HAJI SULAIMAN

DATA COLLECTION
Focal length: 152.09mm
Photo format: 230 x 230mm
Scale 1: 5000
Maximum overlap: 60%
Side lap area: 15%
Area covered: 15km x 27km
First edge coordinates: X= 1000, Y= 1000

27km

15km

DATA PROCESSING
1. For wide angle photography (f= 152.09 mm, format 230 x 230 mm), the
variation in the above parameters.
A.
I.

The flying height above the average height of the terrain.

S = f/H
H = f/s
H = 152.09 mm / (1/5000)
= 760.45m

II.

The flying height (Hm) above the mean sea level (50m)
H = 760.45m
Hm = 760.45 + 50
Ht = 810.45m

III.

The air base (B) for 60% longitudinal overlaps.

B = 1 (60/100) x format x scale
= 0.4 x 0.23m x 5000
= 460m

IV.

The resulting base/height ratio (B/Ht)

B/Ht = 460m / 810.45m
= 0.568m

B. For single photographs:

i.

The length of one side of the photographs.

= format photo x photo scale
= 230mm x 5000
= 1150000mm / 1000
= 1150m

ii.

The diagonal distance across the photographs.

= length + length
= [(1150) + (1150) ]
= 1626.346m

iii.

The terrain area covered by the model.

= length x length
= 1150m x 1150m
= 1322500m

C. For stereo model.

i.

The diagonal distance across the model.

B = (40/100) x (230/1000 x 5000)
= 460m

W = (70/100) x (230/1000 x 5000)

= 805m

Diagonal distance:
= (460) + (805)
= 927.160m

ii.

The terrain area coved

= 460m x 805m
= 370300m

D. Calculate the separation between adjacent flight line for:i.

15% lateral overlap

= balance lateral overlap x format photo x scale
= [(100 15) / 100] x (230mm/1000) x 5000
= 0.85m x 0.23m x 5000
= 977.5m

ii.

20% lateral overlap

= balance lateral overlap x format photo x scale
= [(100 20) / 100] x (230mm/1000) x 5000
= 0.8m x 0.23m x 5000
= 920m

E. For variation in relief of 150m from the average ground level likely to be
encountered over the area of single photograph, determine the relief
displacement likely to be encountered.
i.

At radial distance of 10cm from the principle point

r = 10cm
= 10/100
= 0.1m
h = 150m
H = 760.45m
d = rh/H
d = (0.1m x 150m) / 760.45m
= 0.02m

ii.

In the corner of the photograph

= [format photo + format photo] / 2
= [ (230mm) + (230mm) ] / 2
= 162.6mm

D = 162.6 x h/H
= [(162.6/1000)] x (150m / 760.45m)
= 0.032m

iii.

What are the corresponding scale changes that will result from these
variations in relief?
S = f/H
f = 0.15209m
H = 760.45m
Scale below mean sea level
Scale = H variation in relief
= 760.45m 150m
= 610.45m
Scale = (1/ (0.15209 / 610.45m)
= 1: 4013
= 1: 4000

Scale above mean sea level

Scale = H + variation in relief
= 760.45m + 150m
= 910.45m
Scale = (1/ (0.15209 / 910.45m)
= 1: 5986
= 1: 6000

F. For the object such as trees and houses, with likely height of 10m,
determine the maximum relief displacement likely to be present.
h = 10m
H = dh/r
r = d/2
r = [ (230mm) + (230mm) ] /2
= 162.635/1000
= 0.163m

d = rh/H
= (0.1623 x 10) /760.45m
= 0.002m

2. For superwide angle photography (f= 8.5 cm, format 230 x 230 mm), calculate
whatever necessary, the variation in the above parameters.
A.
I.

The flying height above the average height of the terrain.

S = f/H
H = f/s
H = 0.085m / (1/5000)
= 425m

II.

The flying height (Hm) above the mean sea level (the terrain altitude
going from sea level to 50m).
H = 425m
Hm = 425 + 50
Hm = 475m

III.

The air base (B) for 60% longitudinal overlaps.

B = 1 (60/100) x format x scale
= 0.4 x 0.23m x 5000
= 460m

IV.

The resulting base/height ratio (B/Ht)

B/Ht = 460m/475m
= 0.968

B. For single photographs:I.

The length (in distance covered on the terrain) of one side of the
photographs.
= format photo x photo scale
= 230mm x 5000
= 1150000/1000
= 1150m

II.

The diagonal distance (again in terms of ground distance) across the

photographs.
= length + length
= [(1150) + (1150) ]
= 1626.346m

III.

The terrain area covered by the model.

= length x length
= 1150 x 1150
= 1322500m2

C. For stereo model.

I.

The diagonal distance across the model.

B = (40/100) x (230/1000) (5000)
= 460m

W = (70/100) x (230/1000) (5000)

= 805m

Diagonal distance:= (460) + (805)

= 927.160m

II.

The terrain area coved

= 460m x 805m
= 370300m

D. Calculate the separation (in ground distance) between adjacent flight line
for:I.

15% lateral overlap

= balance lateral overlap x format photo x scale
= [(100 15) / 100] x (230mm/1000) x 5000
= 0.85m x 0.23m x 5000
= 977.50m

II.

20% lateral overlap

= balance lateral overlap x format photo x scale
= [(100 20) / 100] x (230mm/1000) x 5000
= 0.8m x 0.23m x 5000
= 920m

E. For variation in relief of 150m from the average ground level likely to be
encountered over the area of single photograph, determine the relief
displacement likely to be encountered.
I.

At radial distance of 10cm from the principle point

r = 10cm
= 10/100
= 0.1m
h = 150m
H = 425m
d = rh/H
d = (0.1m x 150m) / 425
= 0.035m

II.

In the corner of the photograph

= [format photo + format photo] / 2
= [ (230mm) + (230mm)
= 162.6mm

D = 162.6 x h/H
= [(162.6/1000)] x (150m/ 425m)
= 0.057m

III.

What are the corresponding scale changes that will result from these
variations in relief?
S = f/H
f = 0.085
H = 425m
Scale below mean sea level
Scale = H variation in relief
= 425m 150m
= 275m
Scale = (1/ (0.085 / 275m)
= 1: 3000

Scale above mean sea level

Scale = H + variation in relief
= 425m + 150m
= 575m
Scale = (1/ (0.085 / 575m)
= 7000

F. For the object such as trees and houses, with likely height of 10m,
determine the maximum relief displacement likely to be present.
h = 10m
H = dh/r
r = d/2
r = [ (230mm) + (230mm) ] /2
= 162.635/1000
= 0.163m

d = rh/H
= [(0.163 x 10] /425m
=0.003

3. Comparing the two sets of figure from 1 and 2 and the appropriate diagrams
state which type of photography would select and write a justification for your
decision.
Description

Wide angle

Super wide angle

Flying height

760.45m

425m

Flying height above the mean sea

level

810.45m

475m

460m

460m

Base / Height ratio

0.6049%

0.9684%

Relief displacement

0.002m

0.003m

Air base

As a result, the wide angle photography is much more suitable in this type of project
with the specification of the covered area due to the ratio. The smaller the ratio, the
better the vertical exaggeration of photography will be achieved.

4. On the sheet of tracing paper and the copy of Topo Map scale 1: 50000 , draw
the following information:
Solution:Interval of strip (on photograph) = 70/100 x 230mm
= 161mm
= 0.161m

Interval of strip = 0.161m x 50000

= 8050m

No of strip = 15000m/8050
= 2 lines

Photo base, b = (40/100) x230mm

= 92mm

Air base, B = 0.092m x 50000

= 4600m

No of photo per strip = (27000m/4600m)

=6+2
= 8 photos

No of photo for whole area

=8x2
= 16 photos

Flight Planning Chart:

G.