FCD(SA) Part I

THE COLLEGES OF MEDICINE OF SOUTH AFRICA

Incorporated Association not for gain Reg No 1955/000003/08

Part I Examination for the Fellowship of the College of Dentistry of South Africa

27 August 2012 Paper 1 Anatomy (3 hours)

All questions are to be answered. Each question to be answered in a separate book (or books if more than one is required for the one answer) Al die vrae moet beantwoord word. Elke vraag moet in n aparte boek (of boeke indien meer as een nodig is vir n vraag) geskryf word

An oro-antral fistula was diagnosed after the extraction of an infected upper molar tooth a) Shortly describe this condition anatomically. (2) b) Give a complete description of the anatomy of the maxillary paranasal sinus. (23) [25] n Oro-antrale fistula is gediagnoseer na die ekstraksie van n infekteerde boonste molaar a) Beskryf die toestand kortliks anatomies. (2) b) Gee n volledige beskrywing van die maksillre paranasale sinus. (23) [25] a) Give a brief overview of the venous drainage of the head and neck. (20) b) Anatomically explain why a pimple on the nose may cause a cavernous sinus thrombosis. (5) [25] a) Gee n kort oorsig van die veneuse dreinasie van die kop en nek. (20) b) Anatomies verduidelik hoekom n puisie op die neus n kaverneuse sinus trombose mag veroorsaak. (5) [25] Mrs Benson presents with an inability to close her mouth after a wide yawn. The diagnosis of a dislocated mandible is made a) Which muscle is possibly responsible for the dislocation? (1) b) Describe the temporomandibular joint in full including the muscles acting on the joint. (24) [25] Mev Benson kan nie haar mond toe maak sedert sy wyd gegaap het nie. Die diagnose van n ontwrigte mandibula word gemaak a) Watter spier is waarskynlik verantwoordelik vir die ontwrigting? (1) b) Beskryf die temporomandibulre gewrig volledig insluitend die spiere wat inwerk op die gewrig. (24) [25] PTO/Page 2 Question 4

-24 Describe the anatomy of the anterior triangle of the neck, superior to the digastric muscle (levels I and II of a neck dissection) in detail. [25] Beskryf die anatomie van die anterior driehoek van die nek superior tot die m. digastricus (vlak I en II van n nek disseksie) in detail. [25] Describe the extra-cranial anatomy of the facial nerve and describe the structures that may be used reliably to identify the facial nerve at the skull base. [25] Beskryf die ekstra -kraniale anatomie vann facialis en beskryf die strukture waarop staatgemaak kan word om die n.facialis te identifiseer by die skedelbasis. [25]

FCD(SA) Part I

THE COLLEGES OF MEDICINE OF SOUTH AFRICA

Incorporated Association not for gain Reg No 1955/000003/08

Part I Examination for the Fellowship of the

College of Dentistry of South Africa 28 August 2012 Paper 2 Physiology (3 hours)

All questions are to be answered. Each question to be answered in a separate book (or books if more than one is required for the one answer) Al die vrae moet beantwoord word. Elke vraag moet in n aparte boek (of boeke indien meer as een nodig is vir n vraag) geskryf word

a) Discuss in detail the cause, physiological the physiological consequences of scurvy. a) Bespreek volledig die oorsaak, fisiologiese gevolge van skeurbuik . fisiologiese

basis of and all (5) basis van en al die (5)

b) Discuss in detail the cause, the different forms of and all the physiological consequences of beri-beri. (5) b) Bespreek volledig die oorsaak, die verskillende vorme van en al die fisiologiese gevolge van beri-beri. (5) c) Discuss in detail the cause of and all the physiological consequences of pellagra. (5) c) Bespreek volledig die oorsaak en al die fisiologiese gevolge van pellagra. (5) d) Discuss in detail the physiological action of parathyroid hormone and also discuss then in detail all the physiological consequences of primary hyperparathyroidism. (10) d) Bespreek volledig die fisiologiese werking van parathormoon en bespreek dan volledig al die fisiologiese gevolge van primre hiperparatireose. (10) [25] 2 a) Discuss in detail all the hormones that exerts an effect on the kidney. Discuss all their physiological effects on the kidney and explain exactly in what area of the kidney these hormones exerts their physiological action. a) Bespreek volledig al die hormone wat direk n werking in die nier het. Verduidelik al die fisiologiese effekte van hierdie hormone en presies waar in die nier hierdie hormone hul effek uitoefen.

[25]

[25]

PTO/Page 2 Question 3

-23 a) Name 5 physiological functions of the hypothalamus. b) Explain the physiological functions of cholesterol. c) Explain the composition and structure of DNA. d) Discuss in detail the physiological signs of cretinism. e) Discuss physiological functions of the seventh cranial nerve (N.Facialis). a) b) c) d) e) Noem 5 fisiologiese funksies van die hipotalamus. Verduidelik die fisiologiese funksies van cholesterol. Verduidelik die samestelling en struktuur van DNA. Bespreek volledig die fisiologiese tekens van kretinisme. Bespreek 5 fisiologiese funksies van die sewende kraniale senuwees (N. Facialis). Discuss the non- respiratory functions of the lungs. Bespreek die nie-respiratoriese funksies van die longe. (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) [25] [25]

FCD(SA) Part I

THE COLLEGES OF MEDICINE OF SOUTH AFRICA

Incorporated Association not for gain Reg No 1955/000003/08

Part I Examination for the Fellowship of the College of Dentistry of South Africa

29 August 2012 Paper 3 Principles of Pathology including Microbiology (3 hours)

All questions are to be answered. Each question to be answered in a separate book (or books if more than one is required for the one answer) Al die vrae moet beantwoord word. Elke vraag moet in n aparte boek (of boeke indien meer as een nodig is vir n vraag) geskryf word

a) Name the inflammatory cell(s) most important in a typical inflammatory reaction following blunt trauma to the facial tissue. (4) b) Define leukocyte extravasation and give a broad overview on the molecular activities resulting in inflammatory cells to reach the soft tissue area after blunt trauma to the face. (15) c) Briefly explain the importance of termination of the acute inflammatory response and how this is achieved under normal circumstances. (6) [25]

Tissue repair after surgical intervention and trauma is dependent on soluble factors as well as interactions between cells and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). a) Give a broad classification of factors that may influence adequate wound healing. (8) b) Collagen represents one of the most common structural proteins of the extracellular matrix. Briefly describe the tissue distribution of collagens in the head and neck area. (7) c) Define and give a broad overview on the development of fibrosis as a complication of healing during chronic inflammation. (10) [25]

a) Classify hypersensitivity reactions with an example of each.

(8)

b) The patient with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) may be a complicated patient to manage in the clinical environment with common oral mucosal and skin lesions in the head and neck area. Give an overview of this disease under the headings of pathogenesis of and pathology seen in SLE. (17) [25] PTO/Page 2.Question 4

-24 State if the following is true or false and explain your answer. a) Aspergillus species may cause tissue necrosis. b) Herpes Simplex viruses may cause latent infection. c) Human papilloma virus is an oncogenic virus. d) Epstein Barr virus is T-lymphotrophic virus. (3) (3) (5) (3)

e) The carcinogenicity of ultraviolet rays is attributed to faulty DNA-repair mechanisms. (3) f) The extracellular matrix surrounding malignant tumour cells is merely a static barrier for tumour cells to traverse before invasion and metastasis. (3) g) Binding to the CD4 receptors on cell surfaces is sufficient for HIV-infection. (3) h) No new neurons are generated in the brain of normal adult mammals. (2) [25]