SMILE AND SMILE DESIGNING In our modern competitive society, a pleasing appearance often means the difference between

success and failure in both our personal and professional lives. Scottish physiologist Charles bell (1774-1842) was quoted as remarking that the thought is to the word that the feeling is to the facial expression We live in a beauty conscious society. No wonder, the smile on the face adds to ones charms & beauty but it has a more important role of improving ones self-image. It is rightly said that smile is a curve that sets everything straight. Not all of the beautiful people are born that way however. Many have helped nature along by taking advantage of Plastic surgery as well as Cosmetic Dentistry DEFINITION:ACCORDING TO GPT-8 Esthetics:-The branch of philosophy dealing with beauty. DENTAL ESTHETICS:-The application of the principles of esthetics to the natural or artificial teeth and restorations1. ESTHETIC DENTISTRY:-Can be defined as the art and science of dentistry applied to create or enhance beauty of an individual within functional and physiological limits. `A smile is the gate way to the oral cavity. When some person senses happiness, pleasure, humors or greetings, a smile develops. An attractive, well balanced smile can be a valuable personal asset. Websters dictionary A pleased or amused expression of the face, formed by curling of the mouth upward. Advanced learners dictionary A.S.Hornby

Pleased, happy, amused or other expression of the face with a parting of the lips and loosening of the face muscles Cosmetic dentistry is application of the principles of esthetics and certain illusionary principles, performed to signify or enhance beauty of an individual to suit the role he has to play in his day-to-day life or otherwise. (Ratnadeep Patil)

Smile designing Is a process whereby the complete oral hard and soft tissues are studied and evaluated and certain changes are brought about which will have a positive influence on the overall esthetics of the face. These changes are governed by the principles of esthetic dentistry. Hence, a good smile design Would naturally and effortlessly blend with the rest of the face to provide an esthetic and functional complex .

The term esthetic was coined in 1750 to designate the science of sensuous knowledge. In man, the lower face serves not only in the interests of digestion, speech and respiration but it influences to a large extent the social acceptance and psychological well-being of an individual. Appearance therefore is one of the primary function of the face. HISTORY OF SMILE:Every smile is the product of physical processes common to all humans. But since the dawn of civilization, the upward movement of the muscles of the face has carried a bewildering range of meanings. Supreme enlightenment is reflected in the holy smile of the Buddha, yet the Victorians thought of open-mouthed smiling as

obscene, and nineteenth-century English and American slang equated "smiling" with drinking whisky. Buddha's transcendent beam represents intelligence, compassion and ethereality, while the fleeting appearance of the "Gothic smile. In 12th-century Christian iconography is considered a departure from more characteristic Jesus imagery.

HISTORICALBACKGROUND

Fig 1 Many biologists think the smile originated as a sign of fear. Primalogists traces the smile back over -30 million years of evolution to a "fear grin" stemming from monkeys and apes who often used barely clenched teeth to portray to predators that they were harmless Biologists believe the smile has evolved differently among species and especially among humans. Fifty thousand years ago, something happened ------ A species evolved with intelligence, triggering a creative, technological, and social explosion. THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN RACE

(Non verbal communication & Facial expressions) Before humans developed vocalizations, they communicated with facial expressions. This allowed members of the human race, access to the feelings of their peers. This in turn helped them form attachments to each other, so that our race has advanced to be the dominant one on this planet. Pre-historic Man, perhaps subconsciously has been aware of facial esthetics for a long time. Unfortunately man had little time to contemplate the natural beauty. Life in stone age was a formidable task; survival was everyone's preoccupant. As early as 35,000 years ago, Paleolithic man discovered that his mental agility made hunting and survival less arduous. It was probably in this period that man found the leisure to develop his esthetic awareness & sensitivity, which was preserved in primitive paintings and themes. ----- And thus Civilizations were Born.

Civilization across the Nile

Fig 2 5,000 years ago

The idealized Egyptians exhibited a round broad face with a sloped forehead, weak brow ridge, prominent eyes, evenly contoured nose, thickened lips and yet a positive chin-Bimaxillary Protrusion.

The Grecian Period

The brilliant Greek philosophers notably Plato & Aristotle questioned the intrinsic meaning of beauty & introduced AESTHETICS as both the study of beauty & the philosophy of art. The CLASSIC GREEK MOUTH presenting with the upper lip like a cupid bow and lower lip representing a curl2.

Plato asserted that the quality of measure & proportion invariably constitutes beauty & excellence.

The Roman Civilization

Although the Greeks brilliantly interpreted beauty, it was the Romans who documented it by copying or reworking the Greek sculpture. The Romans left us a plethora of Greek and Roman faces to study.