HC VIN CNG NGH BCVT CS TP.

HCM
KHOA K THUT IN T II

N H THNG NHNG
TI:

XE IU KHIN T XA DNG ANDROID

GVHD:

Ths. Tn Tht Bo t

SVTH

MSSV

1.Nguyn Ngc H

N102102011

2.ng Xun Hiu

N102102013

3.Trnh Vn Long

N102102025

TP.HCM THNG 10 NM 2013

PHN A
GII THIU

LI CM N
ti c hon thnh theo ng thi gian qui nh ng thi t c
kt qu ra khng ch l s n lc ca bn thn ngi thc hin ti m cn
c s gip , s ch bo ca thy c gio v chia s kinh nghim t cc bn sinh
vin.
Ngi thc hin ti xin chn thnh cm n :
S ch dn v gp chn thnh ca thy Tn Tht Bo t. Cm n thy
nhit tnh cung cp thng tin hng dn v h tr kim tra, khc phc cc thng
tin cha chnh xc.
Cc bn sinh vin trong lp gip rt nhiu v mt phng tin, sch
v, kin . . .
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti ny, mc d ngi thc hin ti rt
c gng, song s khng trnh khi thiu st. Rt mong nhn c s gp , ph
bnh, ch dn ca qu thy c v cc bn sinh vin.

Ngi thc hin ti:

Nguyn Ngc H
ng Xun Hiu
Trnh Vn Long

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN:

......

TP HCM, ngy thng nm 2013

K tn:

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN:

......

TP HCM, ngy thng nm 2013

K tn:

LI NI U
Ngy nay vic ng dng cho cc h thng nhng ngy cng tr nn ph
bin: t nhng ng dng n gin nh iu khin mt cht n giao thng nh
thi, m sn phm trong dy chuyn sn xut, iu khin ng c in mt
chiu, xoay chiu, n nhng ng dng phc tp nh iu khin robot, h
thng kim sot, cc h thng t ng, cc thit b my mc t ng,..Vi mong
mun gii thiu nhng ng dng c bn ca h thng nhng trong i sng hin
i v mi ngi bit n ng dng cng nh tm quan trng ca cc h
thng nhng, nhm ti tm hiu v thc hin ti XE IU KHIN T
XA DNG ANDROID

MC LC
PHN A: GII THIU
Trang ba..
Li cm n ............................................................................................................
Phiu giao ti ....................................................................................................
Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn ........................................................................
Nhn xt ca gio vin phn bin .........................................................................
Li ni u ............................................................................................................
Mc lc..................................................................................................................
Lit k hnh ...........................................................................................................
Lit k bng ...........................................................................................................
PHN B: NI DUNG
CHNG 1: GII THIU ................................................................................ 11
1.1 L do chn ti ............................................................................................. 11
1.2 Mc ch ca ti ......................................................................................... 11
1.3 i tng v phm vi nghin cu ................................................................... 11
1.4 Hng nghin cu v pht trin ...................................................................... 11
CHNG 2: TNG QUAN V N .......................................................... 12
2.1 tng thit k............................................................................................... 12
2.1.1 Thit b iu khin .................................................................................... 12
2.2.2 Thit b ngoi vi ........................................................................................ 12
2.2 M hnh h thng ............................................................................................ 12
2.3 Ni dung n ................................................................................................ 12
CHNG 3: TM HIU V H IU HNH&GIAO TIP NGOI VI .. 13
3.1 Cng ngh khng dy Bluetooth ..................................................................... 13
3.1.1 Khi nim .................................................................................................. 13
3.1.2 c im ca cng ngh Bluetooth .......................................................... 13
3.1.2.1 u im .............................................................................................. 13
3.1.2.2 Khuyt im ....................................................................................... 14
3.1.3 Hot ng ................................................................................................. 14
3.1.4 Cc th h Bluetooth ................................................................................ 14
3.1.5 Vn bo mt trong cng ngh Bluetooth.............................................. 15
3.1.5.1 Bo mt .............................................................................................. 15
3.1.6 Cc khi nim trong cng ngh Bluetooth ................................................ 16
3.1.6.1 Master Unit......................................................................................... 16
3.1.6.2 Slaver Unit ......................................................................................... 16
3.1.6.3 Piconet ................................................................................................ 17
3.1.6.4 Scatternet ............................................................................................ 18
3.1.7 nh ngha cc lin kt vt l trong Bluetooth ......................................... 18
3.1.8 Trng thi ca thit b Bluetooth............................................................... 19
3.1.9 Cc ch kt ni ..................................................................................... 19
3.1.10 K thut tri ph nhy tn s trong cng ngh Bluetooth ...................... 19
3.1.10.1 Khi nim ......................................................................................... 19
3.1.10.2 K thut nhy tn s trong cng ngh Bluetooth ............................. 20
3.1.11 C ch hot ng ca Bluetooth .............................................................. 22
3.1.11.1 C ch truyn v sa li ................................................................... 22
7

3.1.11.2 Qu trnh hnh thnh piconet ............................................................ 23

3.1.12 Module Bluetooth HC-05........................................................................ 25
3.1.12.1 Gii thiu modul Bluetooth HC-05.................................................. 25
3.1.12.2 c t phn cng .............................................................................. 26
3.1.12.3 Tp lnh AT cho module Bluetooth HC-05 .................................... 29
3.2 Tng quan v h iu hnh Android ............................................................... 30
3.2.1 Gii thiu v Android ............................................................................... 30
3.2.2 Lch s hnh thnh ..................................................................................... 30
3.2.3 Tnh nng Android .................................................................................... 32
3.2.4 Kin trc ca h iu hnh Android ......................................................... 32
3.2.4.1 Tng ng dng ................................................................................... 33
3.2.4.2 Application Farmwork ....................................................................... 33
3.2.4.3 Library ................................................................................................ 34
3.2.4.4 Android runtime .................................................................................. 34
3.2.4.5 Linux Kernel ....................................................................................... 34
3.2.5 Chu k ng dng trn android .................................................................. 35
3.2.5.1 Chu k sng thnh phn ...................................................................... 36
3.2.5.2 Activity Stack ...................................................................................... 36
3.2.5.3 Cc trng thi ca chu k sng ........................................................... 36
3.2.5.4 Chu k sng ca ng dng .................................................................. 38
3.2.5.5 Cc s kin trong chu k sng ca ng dng ..................................... 38
3.2.5.6 Thi gian sng ca ng dng .............................................................. 38
3.2.5.7 Thi gian hin th cu Activity ........................................................... 38
3.2.5.8 Cc phng thc ca chu k sng ...................................................... 38
CHNG 4 : THIT K M HNH XE IU KHIN ............................... 40
4.1 Phn tch v xc nh yu cu ......................................................................... 40
4.2 Xy dng h thng .......................................................................................... 40
4.2.1 ng dng trn Android ............................................................................. 40
4.2.2 Thit k phn cng .................................................................................... 42
4.2.2.1 Khi x l ........................................................................................... 42
4.2.2.2 Khi ngun .......................................................................................... 44
4.2.2.3 Mch driver ng c ........................................................................... 44
4.2.3 Lp trnh Firmwave ................................................................................... 47
4.2.4 Thit k xe ................................................................................................. 47
CHNG 4 : KT QU&HNG PHT TRIN TI ........................ 48
5.1 nh gi kt qu thc hin ti .................................................................... 48
5.2 Hng pht trin ............................................................................................. 48
TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................. 48

LIT K HNH
Hnh 2.1 M hnh h thng ................................................................................... 12
Hnh 3.1 Logo Bluetooth....................................................................................... 13
Hnh 3.2 Mt s thit b s dng cng ngh Bluetooth ........................................ 15
Hnh 3.3 Kin trc Piconet trong Bluetooth ......................................................... 17
Hnh 3.4 Mt Scatternet gm 2 Piconet ................................................................ 18
Hnh 3.5 K thut tri ph nhy tn s ................................................................. 20
Hnh 3.6 Cc packet truyn trn cc tn s khc nhau ......................................... 20
Hnh 3.7 Cc packet truyn trn khe thi gian...................................................... 21
Hnh 3.8 Cu trc gi tin Bluetooth ...................................................................... 21
Hnh 3.9 Cu to mt packet ................................................................................. 22
Hnh 3.10 M hnh piconet ................................................................................... 23
Hnh 3.11 Qu trnh truy vn to kt ni .............................................................. 24
Hnh 3.12 Truy vn to kt ni gia cc thit b trong thc t ............................. 24
Hnh 3.13 Modul Bluetooth HC-05 ...................................................................... 25
Hnh 3.14 S chn modul Bluetooth HC-05 .................................................... 27
Hnh 3.15 S nguyn l module Bluetooth HC-05 .......................................... 29
Hnh 3.16 Logo Android ....................................................................................... 30
Hnh 3.17 Android timeline .................................................................................. 31
Hnh 3.18 M hnh kin trc nn tng h iu hnh Andorid .............................. 33
Hnh 3.19 M hnh hp tc gia my o Dalvik v Navite code.......................... 35
Hnh 3.20 Activity Stack ....................................................................................... 36
Hnh 3.21 Chu k sng ca Activity ..................................................................... 37
Hnh 4.1 Lu thut ton trn Android ............................................................. 41
Hnh 4.2 Icon ng dng ........................................................................................ 41
Hnh 4.3 Giao din iu khin .............................................................................. 41
Hnh 4.4 Thng tin ng dng ................................................................................ 42
Hnh 4.5 D tm thit b ........................................................................................ 42
Hnh 4.6 S tng qut ...................................................................................... 42
Hnh 4.7 S chn Atmega8 .............................................................................. 43
Hnh 4.8 S nguyn l mch Atmega8 ............................................................ 43
Hnh 4.9 Mch ngun ............................................................................................ 44
Hnh 4.10 S chn IC L298 ............................................................................. 44
Hnh 4.11 S nguyn l IC L298 ..................................................................... 45
Hnh 4.12 Mch logic dng 74HC04 v 74HC08 ................................................. 45
Hnh 4.13 S nguyn l ton mch .................................................................. 46
Hnh 4.14 Lu thut ton cho Atmega8 ........................................................... 47
Hnh 4.15 M hnh xe ........................................................................................... 47

LIT K BNG
Bng 1 M t chc nng cc chn ca module ..................................................... 27
Bng 2 M s lnh AT cho module Bluetooth HC-05 ......................................... 29
Bng 3 M t trng thi ca xe ............................................................................. 46
9

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PHN B
NI DUNG

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CHNG 1 : GII THIU

1.1 L do chn ti
Trong my chc nm qua, khoa hc my tnh v x l thng tin c nhng bc tin
vt bc v ngy cng c nhng ng gp to ln vo cuc cch mng khoa hc k thut
hin i. c bit s ra i v pht trin nhanh chng ca k thut s lm cho ngnh in
t tr nn phong ph v a dng hn. N gp phn rt ln trong vic a k thut hin
i thm nhp rng ri vo mi lnh vc ca hot ng sn xut, kinh t v i sng x
hi. T nhng h thng my tnh ln n nhng h thng my tnh c nhn, t nhng
vic iu khin cc my cng nghip n cc thit b phc v i sng hng ngy ca
con ngi.
Vi mong mun tm hiu nguyn l, k thut trong cc h thng iu khin. c s
hng dn ca thy ThS. Tn Tht Bo t nhm chn ti : Xe iu khin t xa
dng android .
1.2 Mc ch ca ti
Mc ch nghin cu ca ti ny l nghin cu h vi iu khin AVR c th l
Atmega8 , phng php lp trnh cho AVR bng ngn ng C trn trnh bin dch
Codevison AVR, lp trnh ng dng android dng SDK, giao tip khng dy Bluetooth
1.3 i tng v phm vi nghin cu
Vi iu khin s dng l AVR Atmega8, nm c cu trc phn cng, lp trnh
phn mm v ng dng vo thc t.
ng c DC .
Phn mm iu khin trn android.
Modul bluetooth HC-05
1.4 Hng nghin cu v pht trin
ng dng kin thc hc trn lp thit k vo ng dng c th m y l xe
iu khin t xa qua sng bluetooth dng android
Nm bt c cu trc phn cng, s khi, b tr chn, tp lnh iu khin cho
AVR ATMega8. Tm hiu cch thc iu khin ng c DC iu khin bng IC L298.
Tm hiu v lp trnh phn mm android giao tip Bluetooth. Kt qu cui cng l xe
hot ng n nh , iu khin bng phn mm trn in thoi.

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CHNG 2 : TNG QUAN V N

2.1 TNG THIT K
2.1.1 Thit b iu khin:
Vic xy dng ng dng trn h iu hnh Android tng i thun li, d dng
bi y l h iu hnh m ngun m vi cng ng s dng ng o. Vic pht trin
ng dng c thc hin d dng bt c khi no c th m khng b ghog b bi b iu
khin ring bit. Qua nhm d thc hin to 1 ng dng trn chic smartphone
chy android, ng dng ny c nhim v iu khin thit b ngoi vi thng qua sng
Bluetooth
2.2.2 Thit b ngoi vi:
Nhm ti s dng 1 modul Bluetooth truyn nhn d liu vi Mobile v
c iu khin bi 1 vi iu khin. VI iu khin c nhim v chnh l x l tn hiu
nhn c t modul Bluetooth v iu khin 2 ng c DC ca xe.
n gin trong vic lp trnh nhm chn dng vi iu khin Atmega8, y
l con vi iu khin quen thuc, p ng c cc yu cu ca ti, vic lp trnh cho
Atmega8 cng kh d dng nh cng c Codevision AVR.
2.2 M hnh h thng
Khi qut m hnh h thng

Hnh 2.1 M hnh h thng

2.3 Ni dung n
Ni dung ca n c chia lm 4 phn chnh
- Tng quan v n
- Tm hiu v h iu hnh v giao tip ngoi vi
- Thit k m hnh xe iu khin
- Kt qu v hng pht trin
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CHNG 3 : TM HIU V H IU HNH

V GIAO TIP NGOI VI
3.1 CNG NGH KHNG DY BLUETOOTH
3.1.1 Khi nim
Bluetooth l mt cng ngh cho php truyn thng gia cc thit b vi nhau m
khng cn dy dn. N l mt chun in t, iu c ngha l cc hng sn xut mun
c c tnh ny trong sn phm th h phi tun theo cc yu cu ca chun ny cho sn
phm ca mnh. Nhng tiu chun k thut ny m bo cho cc thit b c th nhn ra
v tng tc vi nhau khi s dng cng ngh Bluetooth.
Ngy nay phn ln cc nh my u sn xut cc thit b c swur dng cng ngh
Bluetooth. Cc thit b ny gm c in thoi di ng, my tnh v thit b h tr c nhn
PDA ( Prosonal Digital Assistant ) . Cng ngh Bluetooth l mt cng ngh da trn tn
s v tuyn v bt c mt thit b no c tch hp bn trong cng ngh ny u c th
truyn thng vi cc thit b khc vi mt khong cch nht nh v c ly m bo
cng sut cho vic pht v nhn sng. Cng ngh ny thng c s dng truyn
thng gia hai loi thit b khc nhau. V d: Bn c th hot ng trn my tnh vi mt
bn phm khng dy, s dng b tai nghe khng dy ni chuyn trn in thoi di
ng ca bn hoc b sung thm mt cuc hn vo lch biu PDA ca mt ngi bn t
PDA ca bn.

Hnh 3.1 Logo Bluetooth l s kt hp ca 2 k t Rune c : ( Hagall ) v ( Bjarkan )

tng ng vi 2 k t H v B trong ch Latin l vit tt ca Harald Bluetooth
3.1.2 c im ca cng ngh Bluetooth
3.1.2.1 u im
- Tiu th nng lng thp, cho php ng dng c nhiu loi thit b bao gm
cc thit b cm tay v in thoi di ng
- gi thnh ngy mt gim
- khong cch giao tip cho php gia hai thit b u cui c th ln n 10m,
khong cch gia thit b u cui v access point c th ln ti 100m
- Bluetooth s dng bng tn 2.4GHz. Tc truyn d liu c th t ti mc ti
a 1Mbps m cc thit b khng cn phi trc tip thy nhau

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- D dng trong vic pht trin ng dng: Bluetooth kt ni mt ng dng ny vi

mt ng dng khc thng qua chun Bluetooth profiles, do c th c lp v
phn cng cng nh h iu hnh s dng.
- Tnh tng thch cao, c nhiu nh sn xut phn cng cng nh phn mm
h tr
3.1.2.2 Khuyt im
- S dng m hnh adhoc -> khng th thit lp cc ng dng thi gian thc
- Khong cch kt ni cn ngn so vi cng ngh mng khng dy khc.
- S thit b active, pack cng lc trong mt piconect cn hn ch.
- Tc truyn khng cao
3.1.3 Hot ng
Bluetooth l chun kt ni khng dy tm ngn, thit k cho cc kt ni thit b c
nhn hay mng cc b nh trong phm vi bng tn t 2.4GHz n 2.485GHz. Bluetooth
c thit k hot ng trn 79 tn s n l. Khi kt ni , n s t ng tm ra tn s
tng thch di chuyn n thit b cn kt ni trong khu vc nhm m bo s lin
tc.
V tm ph sng, bluetooth c 3 class: class 1 c cng sut 100mW vi tm ph
sng gn 100m; class 2 c cng sut 2,5mW tm ph sng khong 10m; v class 3 l
1mW vi tm ph sng khong 5m
Bn thn bn trong Bluetooth hin nay l mt tp hp nhiu giao thc hot ng
khc nhau. V d, A2DP ( Advvanced Audio Distribution Profile) l c ch truyn dn
m thanh stereo qua sng bluetooth ti cc tai nghe, loa; FTP( File Transfer Protocol) l
c ch chuyn i d liu qua kt ni Bluetooth gia cc thit b ( hay cn gi l File
Transfer Services ); hay OBEX, c pht trin bi chnh nh mng Verizon , cho php
xa d liu thng qua Bluetooth.
3.1.4 Cc th h Bluetooth
- Blutooth 1.0 ( 7/1999 ): l phin bn u tin c a ra th trng vi tc
kt ni ban u l 1Mbps. Tuy nhin, trn thc t tc kt ni ca th h ny
cha bao gi t qu mc 700Kbps
- Bluetooth 1.1 ( 2001 ): nh du bc pht trin mi ca cng ngh Bluetooth
trn nhiu lnh vc khc nhau vi s quan tm ca nhiu nh sn xut mi.
- Bluetooth 1.2 ( 11/2003 ): Bt u c nhiu tin b ng k. Chun ny hot
ng da trn bng tn 2.4GHz v tng cng kt ni thoi. Motorola RARZ l
th h in thoi di ng u tin tch hp Bluetooth 1.2
- Bluetooth 2.0 + ERD (2004): bt u nng cao tc v gim thiu mt na
nng lng tiu th so vi trc y. Tc ca chun Bluetooth ln n
2.1Mbps vi ch ci thin kt ni truyn ti ERD ( Enhanced data rate ) ,
song ERD vn ch l ch ty chn, ph thuc vo cc hng sn xut c a vo
thit b hay khng. Cc thit b tiu biu ng dng Bluetooth 2.0 + ERD l : Apple
iPhone, HTC Touch Pro v T-Mobiles Android G1.
- Bluetooth 2.1 + ERD(2004) : y chnh l th h nng cp ca Bluetooth 2.0 c
hiu nng cao hn v tit kim nng lng hn. Chun ny ch yu c s dng
trong in thoi, my tnh v cc thit b di ng khc.
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- Bluetooth 3.0 + HS(2008): c tc truyn d liu t mc 24Mbps bng

sng Blutooth High Speed, tng ng chun Wifi th h u tin, phm vi
hiu qu nht ch trong vng 10m
- Bluetooth 4.0: c a ra ngy 30/06/2010, l chun Bluetooth mi nht hin
nay. Bluetooth 4.0 l s kt hp ca classic Bluetooth ( Bluetooth 2.1 v 3.0),
Bluetooth high speed ( Bluetooth 3.0 + HS) v Bluetooth low energy Bluetooth nng lng thp ( Bluetooth Smart Ready/ Bluetooth Smart).
Bluetooth low enegry l mt phn ca Bluetooth 4.0 vi mt giao thc tiu
chun ca Bluetooth 1.0 vo 4.0 nhm phc v cho nhng ng dng nng lng
cc thp.
Bluetooth Smart ch hot ng ch n tn( single radio) hng n kh
nng pht tn hiu cho cc thit b trong lnh vc y t thng qua cm bin tch hp,
cc thng tin thu c ch c th gi c qua thit b c Bluetooth Smart Ready.
Cc thit b Bluetooth Smart s khng c tc cao nh 3.0 nhng b li chng
tiu th nng lng rt thp, pin ca chng thm ch hot ng vi thi gian
vi nm
Trong khi , phin bn Bluetooth Smart Ready hot ng hai dy tn hiu
(dual radio ) li hi cc iu kin trn v hon ton tng thch ngc vi
chun 3.0. Thit b Bluetooth Smart Ready c th va kt ni vi cc thit b
Bluetooth thng thng va c kh nng nhn d liu truyn ti t cc thit b
Bluetooth Smart. Cc thit b dng chun Bluetooth Smart Ready gm in thoi,
my tnh bng, tivi v PC v c trin khai trn nhiu Smartphone hin nay.

Hnh 3.2 Mt s thit b s dng cng ngh Bluetooth

3.1.5 Vn bo mt trong cng ngh Bluetooth
3.1.5.1 Bo mt
Khi s dng cng ngh ny, chc hn mi ngi ai cng quan tm n vn bo
mt ca n. Ty thuc vo cch n c cu hnh m cng ngh bluetooth c th kh an
ton, tuy nhin nhiu thit b Bluetooth c s lng ngn cc ch s s dng trong m
PIN c th gy nguy him cho cc thit b ny.
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Nu ai c th pht hin ra thit b Bluetooth ca bn, th ngi ny hon ton

c kh nng gi cc tin nhn khng yu cu v lm dng dch v Bluetooth ca bn hoc
xm nhp hay sa i d liu ca bn. Cc virut hoc cc m nguy him khc cng c
th li dng cng ngh ny lm hi thit b. Nu b xm nhp, d liu ca bn c
th s b sa i, lm tn hi hay b nh cp hoc mt.
3.1.5.2 Phng php bo v
- v hiu ha Bluetooth khi khng s dng chng Tr khi bn kch hot vic
truyn ti thng tin t thit b ny n mt thit b khc, nu khng bn nn v
hiu ha cng ngh ny trnh nhng ngi khng hp l c th xm nhp.
- S dng Bluetooth trong ch n khi kch hot Bluetooth- hy t n trong
trng thi khng th pht hin . Ch n nhm ngn chn cc thit b khc
nhn ra thit b ca bn. iu ny khng ngn cn bn kt ni n cc thit b
Bluetooth khc. Thm ch c hai cng c th nhn ra nhau kt ni nu chng
cng trong ch n. Cc thit b nh in thoi di ng v tai nghe khng dy
cn phi t trong ch khng pht hin kt ni ban u th chng lun nhn
ra thit b kia m khng cn tm kim li kt ni na cho ln tip theo.
- Cn thn vi nhng ni s dng Bluetooth- Cn phi quan tm n mi trng
khi ghp i thit b ca bn hoc hot ng trong ch c th pht hin
- nh gi cc thit lp bo mt hu ht cc thit b u c nhiu c tnh gip
trang b cn thit cho bn thn, v hiu ha bt k tnh nng hoc cc kt ni
khng cn thit c th. Kim tra cc thit lp, thit lp bo mt c bit v la
chn cc ty chn cn thit i vi bn m khng gy ra mc ri ro cao
- Khai thc trit cc ty chn bo mt- Tm hiu k cc ty chn bo mt m
thit b Bluetooth ca bn c th cung cp, t khai thc trit nhng tnh nng
tc dng ca chng nh s m ha v thm nh.
3.1.6 Cc khi nim trong cng ngh Bluetooth
3.1.6.1 Master Unit:
L thit b duy nht trong 1 Piconet, Master thit lp ng h m xung v kiu
bc nhy (hopping) ng b tt c cc thit b trong cng piconet m n ang qun
l, thng l thit b u tin chuyn i d liu. Master cng quyt nh s knh truyn
thng. Mi Piconet c mt kiu hopping duy nht.
3.1.6.2 Slaver Unit:
L tt c cc thit b cn li trong piconet, mt thit b khng l Master th phi
l Slave. Ti a 7 Slave dng Active v 255 Slave dng Parked (Inactive) trong 1
Piconet. C 3 dng Slave trong mt Piconet:
-

Active: Slave hot ng, c kh nng trao i thng tin vi Master v cc

Slave Active khc trong Piconet. Cc thit b trng thi ny c phn
bit thng qua 1 a ch MAC (Media Access Control) hay AMA (Active
Member Address ) - l con s gm 3 bit. Nn trong 1 Piconet c ti a 8
thit b trang thi ny (1 cho Master v 7 cho Slave).
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Standby: Standby l mt dng inactive, thit b trong trng thi ny khng

trao i d liu, sng radio khng c tc ng ln, cng sut gim n ti
thiu tit kim nng lng, thit b khng c kh nng d c bt c
m truy cp no. C th coi l nhng thit b trong nm ngoi vng kim
sot ca Master.

Parked: l mt dng inactive, ch 1 thit b trong 1 Piconet thng xuyn

c ng b vi Piconet, nhng khng c 1 a ch MAC. Chng nh
trng thi "ng" v s c Master gi dy bng tn hiu "beacon" (tn hiu
bo hiu). Cc thit b trng thi Packed c nh a ch thng qua
a ch PMA (Packed Member Address). y l con s 8 bits phn bit
cc packed Slave vi nhau v c ti a 255 thit b trng thi ny trong 1
Piconet.
3.1.6.3 Piconet:
Picotnet l tp hp cc thit b c kt ni thng qua k thut
Bluetooth theo m hnh Ad-Hoc (y l kiu mng c thit lp cho nhu cu truyn
d liu hin hnh v tc thi, tc nhanh v kt ni s t ng hu sau khi truyn
xong). Trong 1 Piconet th ch c 1 thit b l Master. y thng l thit b u tin to
kt ni, n c vai tr quyt nh s knh truyn thng v thc hin ng b gia cc
thnh phn trong Piconet, cc thit b cn li l Slave. l cc thit b gi yu cu n
Master.
-

Lu rng, 2 Slave mun thc hin lin lc phi thng qua Master bi chng
khng bao gi kt ni trc tip c vi nhau, Master s ng b cc Slave v thi
gian v tn s. Trong 1 Piconet c ti a 7 Slave ang hot ng ti 1 thi im.
Cc m hnh Piconet :
Minh ho mt Piconet gm nhiu Slave:

Hnh 3.3 : Kin trc Piconet trong Bluetooth

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3.1.6.4 Scatternet:
L 2 hay nhiu Piconet c lp v khng ng b, cc Piconet ny kt hp li
truyn thng vi nhau.
- Lu :
+ Mt thit b c th va l Master ca Piconet ny, va l Slave ca Piconet
khc.
+ Vai tr ca 1 thit b trong Piconet l khng c nh, c ngha l n c th
thay i t Master thnh Slave v ngc li, t Slave thnh Master. V d nu
Master khng kh nng cung cp ti nguyn phc v cho Piconet ca mnh th
n s chuyn quyn cho 1 Slave khc giu ti nguyn hn, mnh hn, bi v trong 1
piconet th Clock v kiu Hopping c ng b nhau sn.
-

V d mt Scatternet :

Hnh 3.4 Mt Scatternet gm 2 Piconet

3.1.7 nh ngha cc lin kt vt l trong Bluetooth:
- Asynchronous connectionless (ACL): c thit lp cho vic truyn d liu,
nhng gi d liu c bn (primarily packet data). L mt kt ni point-tomultipoint gia Master v tt c cc Slave tham gia trong piconet. Ch tn ti
duy nht mt kt ni ACL. Chng h tr nhng kt ni chuyn mch gi
(packet-switched connection) i xng v khng i xng. Nhng gi tin a
khe dng ACL link v c th t ti kh nng truyn ti a 723 kbps mt
hng v 57.6 kbps hng khc. Master iu khin rng bng tng ca
ACL link v s quyt nh xem trong mt piconet mt slave c th dng bng
tng rng bao nhiu. Nhng gi tin broadcast truyn bng ACL link, t
master n tt c cc slave. Hu ht cc gi tin ACL u c th truyn li.
- Synchronous connection-oriented (SCO): h tr kt ni i xng, chuyn
mch mch (circuit-switched), point-to-point gia mt Master v mt Slave
trong 1 piconet. Kt ni SCO ch yu dng truyn d liu ting ni. Hai
khe thi gian lin tip c ch nh trc s c dnh ring cho SCO
link. D liu truyn theo SCO link c tc 64kbps. Master c th h tr
ti a 3 kt ni SCO ng thi. SCO packet khng cha CRC (Cyclic
Redundancy Check) v khng bao gi truyn li. Lin kt SCO c thit
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lp ch sau khi 1 lin kt ACL u tin c thit lp.

3.1.8 Trng thi ca thit b Bluetooth:
C 4 trng thi chnh ca 1 thit b Bluetooth trong 1 piconet:
- Inquiring device (inquiry mode): thit b ang pht tn hiu tm thit b
Bluetooth khc.
- Inquiry scanning device (inquiry scan mode): thit b nhn tn hiu inquiry
ca thit b ang thc hin inquiring v tr li.
- Paging device (page mode): thit b pht tn hiu yu cu kt ni vi thit b
inquiry t trc.
- Page scanning device (page scan mode): thit b nhn yu cu kt ni t
paging device v tr li.
3.1.9 Cc ch kt ni
- Active mode: trong ch ny, thit b Bluetooth tham gia vo hot ng
ca mng. Thit b master s iu phi lu lng v ng b ha cho cc thit b
slave.
- Sniff mode: l 1 ch tit kim nng lng ca thit b ang trng thi
active. Sniff mode, thit b slave lng nghe tn hiu t mng vi tn s gim hay
ni cch khc l gim cng sut. Tn s ny ph thuc vo tham s ca ng dng.
y l ch t tit kim nng lng nht trong 3 ch tit kim nng lng.
- Hold mode: l 1 ch tit kim nng lng ca thit b ang trng thi
active. Master c th t ch Hold mode cho slave ca mnh. Cc thit b c th
trao i d liu ngay lp tc ngay khi thot khi ch Hold mode. y l ch
tit kim nng lng trung bnh trong 3 ch tit kim nng lng.
- Park mode: l ch tit kim nng lng ca thit b vn cn trong mng
nhng khng tham gia vo qu trnh trao i d liu (inactive). Thit b ch
Park mode b a ch MAC, ch lng nghe tn hiu ng b ha v thng ip
broadcast ca Master. y l ch tit kim nng lng nht trong 3 ch tit
kim nng lng.
3.1.10 K thut tri ph nhy tn s trong cng ngh Bluetooth
3.1.10.1 Khi nim
Bluetooth s dng k thut v tuyn c gi l tri ph nhy tn s ( Frequency
Hopping Spectrum-FHSS), chia nh d liu c gi i v truyn tng khc d liu ln
79 tn s. Trong dng c bn ca n, s iu ch l s nh tn hiu dch tn s Gausse(
GFSK). N t c tc truy cp l 1Mbs, tc truy cp ti a ca n c th ln n
3Mbs. Bluetooth hot ng di tn 2.4GHz.
Truyn tri ph l k thut truyn tn hiu s dng nhiu tn s cng 1 lc (DSSSDirect Sequence Spead Spectrum) hoc lun phin FHSS tng kh nng chng nhiu,
bo mt v tc truyn d liu.
Tri ph nhy tn s l k thut phn chia gii bng tn thnh mt tp hp cc
knh hp v thc hin vic truyn tn hiu trn cc knh bng vic nhy tun t qua
cc knh theo mt th t no
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Hnh 3.5 K thut tri ph nhy tn s

3.1.10.2 K thut nhy tn s trong cng ngh Bluetooth
Gii bng tn ISM 2.4GHz c chia thnh 79 knh, vi tc nhy l 1600 ln
trong mt giy, iu c th trnh c nhiu tt v chiu di ca cc packet ngn li,
tng tc truyn thng. Hu ht cc nc dng 79 bc nhy, mi bc nhy cch
nhau 1MHz, bt u 2.402GHz v kt thc 2.480GHz. mt vi nc, chng hn
nh Php, Nht phm vi ca di bng tn ny c gim cn 23 bc nhy

Hnh 3.6 Cc Packet truyn trn cc tn s khc nhau

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Hnh 3.7 Cc Packet truyn trn khe thi gian.

-

Vic truyn nhn s dng cc khe thi gian. Chiu di 1 khe thi gian thng
thng l 625s. Mt packet thng nm trong khe n, nhng cng c th m
rng ra 3 hay 5 khe, yu cu tn s phi khng i cho n khi ton b packet gi
xong.
S dng packet a khe, tc truyn d liu cao hn nh phn header ca mi
packet ch i hi 1 ln 220s. c th hiu ngn gn l thi gian truyn 3 packets
n khe s ln hn thi gian truyn 1 packet 3 khe. B li, trong mi trng c
nhiu tn hiu truyn, cc packet di chim nhiu timeslot d b nhiu hn do o
d b mt hn.
Mi packet cha 3 phn : Access Code, Header, Payload

Hnh 3.8 Cu trc gi tin Bluetooth

Kch thc ca access code v header l c nh

Access Code : Gm 72bits, dng trong vic ng b d liu, nh danh,
bo hiu.
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Header :

Hnh 3.9 Cu to mt packet

Trong header c 54 bits:
+ 3 bits c dng trong vic nh a ch, do c ti a 7 Active Slave.
+ 4 bits tip theo cho bit loi packet
+ 1 bits iu khin lung
+ 1 bits ARQ : cho bit packet l Broadcast khng c ACK.
+ 1 bits Sequencing: lc b nhng packet trng do truyn li
+ 8 bits HEC : kim tra tnh ton vn ca header.
Tng cng c 18bits, cc bit c m ha vi 1/3 FEC ( Forward Error
Correction ) c c 54 bits
PayLoad : phn cha d liu truyn i, c th thay i t 0 ti
2744bit/packet. Payload c th l d liu data hoc voice.
3.1.11 C ch hot ng ca Bluetooth.
3.1.11.1 C ch truyn v sa li:
K thut Bluetooth thc s l rt phc tp. N dng k thut nhy tn s trong
cc timeslot (TS), c thit k lm vic trong mi trng nhiu tn s radio,
Bluetooth dng chin lc nhy tn to nn sc mnh lin kt truyn thng v
truyn thng thng minh. C mi ln gi hay nhn mt
packet xong, Bluetooth li nhy sang mt tn s mi, nh th s trnh c nhiu t cc
tn hiu khc.
So snh vi cc h thng khc lm vic trong cng bng tn, sng radio ca
Bluetooth nhy tn nhanh v dng packet ngn hn. V nhy nhanh v packet ngn s
lm gim va chm vi sng t l vi sng v cc phng tin gy nhiu khc trong kh
quyn.
C 3 phng php c s dng trong vic kim tra tnh ng n ca d liu
truyn i:
.
- Forwad Error Corrrection: thm 1 s bit kim tra vo phn Header hay
Payload ca packet.
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- Automatic Repeat Request: d liu s c truyn li cho ti khi bn nhn

gi thng bo l nhn ng.
- Cyclic Redundancy Check: m CRC thm vo cc packet kim chng liu
Payload c ng khng
Bluetooth dng k thut sa li tin FEC (Forward Error Correction) sa sai
do nhiu t nhin khi truyn khong cch xa. FEC cho php pht hin li, bit sa sai
v truyn i tip (khc vi k thut BEC-Backward Error Control ch pht hin, khng
bit sa, yu cu truyn li).
Giao thc bng tn c s (Baseband) ca Bluetooth l s kt hp gia chuyn
mch v chuyn i packet. Cc khe thi gian c th c dnh ring cho cc packet
phc v ng b. Thc hin bc nhy tn cho mi packet c truyn i. Mt
packet trn danh ngha s chim 1 timeslot,
nhng n c th m rng chim n 3 hay 5 timeslot.
Bluetooth h tr 1 knh d liu bt ng b, hay 3 knh tn hiu thoi ng
b nhau cng mt lc, hay 1 knh h tr cng lc d liu bt ng b v tn hiu
ng b.
3.1.11.2 Qu trnh hnh thnh piconet

Hnh 3.10 M hnh piconet

Mt Piconet c to bng 4 cch:
C Master ri, Master thc hin Paging kt ni vi 1 Slave.
Mt Unit ( Master hay Slave ) lng nghe tn hiu (code) m thit b ca n truy cp c.
Khi c s chuyn i vai tr gia Master v Slave. Khi c mt Unit chuyn sang trang
thi Active
thit lp mt kt ni mi, tin trnh INQUIRY hay PAGE s bt u.
Tin trnh Inquiry cho php 1 Unit pht hin cc Unit khc trong tm hot
ng cng vi a ch v ng h ca chng.
Tin trnh Paging mi thc s l to kt ni. Kt ni ch thc hin gia nhng
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thit b mang a ch Bluetooth. Unit no thit lp kt ni s phi thc hin tin trnh
paging v t ng tr thnh Master ca kt ni.
Trong tin trnh paging, c th p dng vi chin lc paging. C mt chin lc
paging bt buc tt c cc thit b Bluetooth u phi h tr, chin lc dng khi cc
Unit gp trong ln u tin, v trong trng hp tin trnh paging theo ngay sau tin
trnh inquiry. Hai Unit sau khi kt ni nh dung chin lc bt buc ny, sau c th
chn chin lc paging khc.
Sau th tc Paging (PAGE), Master thm d Slave bng cch gi packet POLL
thm d hay packet NULL rng theo nh Slave yu cu.
Ch c Master gi tn hiu POLL cho Slave, ngc li khng c.
Cc vai tr ca thit b trong Piconet l:
- Stand by : Khng lm g c.
- Inquiry : Tm thit b trong vng ln cn.
- Paging :Kt ni vi 1 thit b c th.
- Connecting : Nhn nhim v.

Hnh 3.11: Qu trnh truy vn to kt ni.

M hnh truy vn cc thit b trong thc t:

Hnh 3.12: Truy vn to kt ni gia cc thit b trong thc t.

Khi thit b to paging mun to cc kt ni cc tng trn, n s gi yu cu
kt ni host theo nghi thc LMP (Link Manament Protocol). Khi Unit qun l host ny
nhn c thng ip, n thng bo cho host bit v kt ni mi. Thit b t xa c
th chp nhn (gi thng ip chp nhn theo nghi thc LMP) hoc khng chp nhn
kt ni (gi thng ip khng chp nhn theo nghi thc LMP).
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Khi thit b khng yu cu bt k th tc thit lp lin kt t xa no c, n s

gi thng ip "thit lp hon thnh". Thit b ny vn nhn c yu cu t cc thit
b khc. Khi mt thit b khc sn sng to lin kt, n cng gi thng ip "thit
lp hon thnh". Sau 2 thit b c th trao i
packet trn knh logic khc vi LMP.
3.1.12 Module Bluetooth HC-05
3.1.12.1 Gii thiu Module Bluetooth HC-05

Hnh 3.13 : Modul Bluetooth HC-05

Module Bluetooth HC-05 c thit k s dungh giao giao tip Bluetooth qua
Serial Port, truyn d liu ni tip qua wireless.
c im k thut:
- Chun Bluetooth : V2.0+EDR
- in p hot ng : 3,3VDC/ 30mA
- Ch hot ng : Master , Slave, Loopback
- Kch thc 28mm x 15mm x 2.35mm
- Tn s: 2.4GHz ISM band
- Tc : Asynchronous : 2.1 Mbs (Max)/160kbps
Synchronous : 1Mbps/1Mbps
- Bo mt : Authentication and encryption
- Giao tip : Bluetooth serial port
- Baud Rate mc nh : 38400, databits : 8, Stopbit : 1, Parity : No. H tr tc
baud : 9600,19200,38400,57600,115200,230400,460800.
- Nhit lm vic : -20 ~ 75 C
- nhy : -80dBm
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- Cng sut truyn : +4dBm

- T ng kt ni vi pincode mc nh 1234
- T ng reconnect trong 30 pht nu b t kt ni
Module c 2 ch lm vic ( c th chn ch lm vic bng cahcs thay i trng
thi chn KEY-34:
- T ng kt ni
- p ng theo lnh: khi lm vic ch ny, chng ta c th gi cc lnh AT
giao tip vi module
Gaio tip vi module bng giao tip ni tip khng ng b qua hai ng RX v TX
Bng cch thay i trng thi chn KEY chng ta c th cu hnh ch hot ng cho
modue
- module lm vic ch t ng kt ni: KEY phi trng thi Floating (
trng thi khng kt ni )
- module lm vic ch p ng theo lnh : KEY=0, cp ngun cho
module, chuyn KEY = 1, lc ny c th giao tip vi modul bng tp lnh AT
ch SLAVE: chng ta cn thit lp kt ni t smartphone, laptop, usb bluetooth
d tm module v ghp ni vi pincode mc nh 1234
ch MASTER : modul s t ng d tm thit b Bluetooth khc v tin hnh
ghp ni ch ng m khng cn thit lp g.
Module tng thch vi cc vi diu khin 5V m khng cn chuyn i mc giao tip
5V v 3.3V nh nhiu loi module khc
3.1.12.2 c t phn cng
S chn :

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Hnh 3.14 : S chn modul Bluetooth HC-05

Bng1: m t chc nng cc chn ca module:
Tn chn
STT chn Loi chn
M t chn
GND
13,21,22 VSS
Chn t
3,3v VCC
12
Chn 3,3V
Chn ngun
AIO0
9
2 Hng
Lp trnh I/O
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AIO1
PIO0

10
23

PIO1

24

PIO2
PIO3
PIO4
PIO5
PIO6
PIO7
PIO8
PIO9
PIO10
PIO11
ResetB

25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
11

UART_RST

UART_CTS

UART_RX

UART_TX

SPI_MOSI

17

SPI_CSB

16

SPI_CLK

19

SPI_MISO

18

USBUSB+
NC
PCM_CLK
PCM_OUT
PCM_IN
PCM_SYNC

15
20
14
5
6
7
8

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2 Hng
2 Hng RX EN

Lp trnh I/O
Lp trnh I/O, iu khin output
cho LNA nu c trang b.
2 Hng TX EN
Lp trnh I/O, iu khin LA nu
c trang b.
2 Hng
Lp trnh I/O
2 Hng
Lp trnh I/O
2 Hng
Lp trnh I/O
2 Hng
Lp trnh I/O
2 Hng
Lp trnh I/O
2 Hng
Lp trnh I/O
2 Hng
Lp trnh I/O
2 Hng
Lp trnh I/O
2 Hng
Lp trnh I/O
2 Hng
Lp trnh I/O
Cmos input with weak Reset nu LOW
internal pull-up
Cmos output, tri-stable UART yu cu khi gi, hot ng
with weak internal pull- LOW.
up.
Cmos input with weak UART xa khi gi, hot ng
internal pull-down.
LOW.
Cmos input with weak D liu vo UART
internal pull-down
Cmos output, tri-stable D liu ra UART
with weak internal pullup.
Cmos input with weak Serial peripheral interface data
internal pull-down.
input
Cmos input with weak Chip select for serial peripheral
internal pull-up.
interface, active low.
Cmos input with weak Serial peripheral interface clock.
internal pull-down.
Cmos input with weak Serial peripheral interface data
internal pull-down.
output
2 hng
2 hng
2 hng
Cmos output
Cmos input
2 hng

Synchronous PCM data clock

Synchronous PCM data output
Synchronous PCM data input
Synchronous PCM data strobe
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S nguyn l module :

Hnh 3.15 S nguyn l module Bluetooth HC-05

3.1.12.3 Tp lnh AT cho module Bluetooth HC-05
Bng 2: mt s lnh AT cho module Bluetooth HC-05
Lnh
Tr v
Tham s
AT
OK
None
AT+RESET
OK
None
AT+VERSION?
+VERSION: <Param>
Version number
OK
AT+ORGL
OK
None
AT+ADDR?

+ADDR:<Param> OK

AT+NAME=<param>
AT+NAME?

OK
1. +NAME:<Param
> OK---success
2. FAIL---failure
1. +NAME:<Param
2> OK---success
2. FAIL---failure

AT+RNAME?<param
1>

29

Chc nng
Test
Reset
Kim tra phin bn

Bluetooth address

Khi phc trng

thi mc nh
a ch bluetooth

Bluetooth device
name

t tn cho module
Tn thit b
(mc nh:HC-05)

Tn thit b
Bluetooth

trn modul

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AT+ROLE?

+ROLE:<Param>
OK

0---Slave role
1---Master role
2---Slaver-Loop
role
Pincode

AT+PSWD=<param>

OK

AT+PSWD?
AT+UART=<Param>,
<Param2>,<Param3>

+PSWD:<Param>
OK

AT+UART?

UART=<Param>,<Para
m2>,<Param3>
OK

Pincode
Param1: Baud rate
Param2: stop bit
Param: parity bit
Param1: Baud rate
Param2: stop bit
Param: parity bit

Truy vn chc
nng modul
Mc nh :0
t m Pin
Mc nh:1234
Truy vn m PIN
Cu hnh cho cng
UART
Truy vn thng tin
cng UART

3.2 TNG QUAN H IU HNH ANDROID

3.2.1 Gii thiu v android
H iu hnh Android l h iu hnh m, hon thin, cho php ngi dng ty
bin n. Tng thch vi hu ht cc nh sn xut phn cng

Hnh 3.16 : Logo Android

3.2.2 Lch s hnh thnh
Ban u, Android l h iu hnh cho cc thit b cm tay da trn li Linux
do cng ty Android Inc. (California, M) thit k. Cng ty ny sau c Google
mua li vo nm 2005 v bt u xy dng Android Platform. Cc thnh vin ch cht
ti Android Inc. gm c: Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White.

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Hnh 3.17: Android timeline

V sau tip, vo cui nm 2007, thuc v Lin minh Thit b Cm tay M
Ngun m (Open Handset Alliance) gm cc thnh vin ni bt trong ngnh vin
thng v thit b cm tay nh:
Texas Instruments, Broadcom Corporation, Google, HTC, Intel, LG, Marvell
Technology Group, Motorola, Nvidia,Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics, Sprint
Nextel, T-Mobile, ARM Holdings, Atheros Communications, Asustek Computer Inc,
Garmin Ltd, Softbank, Sony Ericsson, Toshiba Corp, and Vodafone Group,
Mc tiu ca Lin minh ny l nhanh chng i mi p ng tt hn cho
nhu cu ngi tiu dng v kt qu u tin ca n chnh l nn tng Android.
Android c thit k phc v nhu cu ca cc nh sn xut thit, cc nh khai thc
v cc lp trnh vin thit b cm tay.
Phin bn SDK ln u tin pht hnh vo thng 11 nm 2007, hng TMobile cng cng b chic in thoi Android u tin l chic T-Mobile G1, chic
smartphone u tin da trn nn tng Android. Mt vi ngy sau , Google li tip
tc cng b s ra mt phin bn Android SDK release Candidate 1.0. Trong thng 10
nm 2008, Google c cp giy php m ngun m cho Android Platform.
Khi Android c pht hnh th mt trong s cc mc tiu trong kin trc ca
n l cho php cc ng dng c th tng tc c vi nhau v c th s dng li
cc thnh phn t nhng ng dng khc. Vic ti s dng khng ch c p dng
cho cc dch v m n cn c p dng cho c cc thnh phn d liu v giao din
ngi dng.
Vo cui nm 2008, Google cho pht hnh mt thit b cm tay c gi
l Android Dev Phone 1 c th chy c cc ng dng Android m khng b rng
buc vo cc nh cung cp mng in thoi di ng. Mc tiu ca thit b ny l cho
php cc nh pht trin thc hin cc cuc th nghim trn mt thit b thc c th
chy h iu hnh Android m khng phi k mt bn hp ng no. Vo khong
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cng thi gian th Google cng cho pht hnh mt phin vn v li 1.1 ca h iu
hnh ny. c hai phin bn 1.0 v 1.1 Android cha h tr soft-keyboard m i hi
cc thit b phi s dng bn phm vt l. Android c nh vn ny bng cch
pht hnh SDK 1.5 vo thng T nm 2009, cng vi mt s tnh nng khc. Chng
hn nh nng cao kh nng ghi m truyn thng, vt dng, v cc live folder.
Cc phin bn cu android
- Android 1.0 : 23/11/2008
- Android 1.1 : 9/2/2009
- Android 1.5 Cupcake : 30/4/2009
- Android 1.6 Donut : 30/9/2009
- Adroid 2.0/2.1 Eclair : 11/2009
- Android 2.2 Froyo : 20/05/2010
- Android 2.3 Gingerbread : 06/12/2010
- Android 3.0/3.1 Honeycomb : 22/2/2011
- Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich : 19/10/2011
- Android 4.1 Jelly Bean : 9/7/2012
- Android 4.2 Jelly Bean : 11/2012
- Android 4.3 Jelly Bean : 24/7/2013
- Android 4.4 KitKat : sp ra mt
3.2.3 Tnh nng Android
- Lu tr: s dng SQLite, mt c s d liu quan h, trng lng nh cho d liu lu
tr.
- Kt ni: H tr GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UTMS, Bluetooth ( A2DP v
AVRCP ), Wifi, LTE v Wimax
- Tin nhn: h tr c SMS v MMS
- Trnh duyt web: da trn WebKit m ngun m, cng vi V8 JavaScript ca Chrome.
- Truyn thng h tr : Bao gm h tr cho cc phng tin truyn thng: H.263, H.264
( trong 3GP hoc MP4 container ), MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC,
MP3, MIDI, OggVorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG,GIF v BMP
- H tr phn cng: Accelerometer cm bin, my nh, k thut s Compass, cm bin
tim cn v GPS.
- Multi-touch : h tr mn hnh cm ng a im.
- a chc nng: H tr cc ng dng a tc v
- H tr Flash: Android 2.3 h tr Flash 10.1
- Tethring: H tr chia s kt ni Internet l mt im pht sng khng dy/c dy
3.2.4 Kin trc ca h iu hnh Android
Kin trc h iu hnh Android gm 4 lp c bn:
- Nn ng dng ( Application Framework)
- Th vin ( Libraries )
- Android Runtime
- Linux Kernel
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Hnh 3.18: M hnh kin trc nn tng h iu hnh Android

3.2.4.1 Tng ng dng
H iu hnh Android tch hp sn mt s ng dng c bn nh email client,
SMS, lch in t, bn , trnh duyt web, s lin lc v mt s ng dng khc. Ngoi ra
tng ny cng chnh l tng cha cc ng dng c pht trin bng ngn ng java.
3.2.4.2 Application Farmwork
Tng ny ca h iu hnh Android cung cp mt nn tng pht trin ng dng
m qua cho php nh pht trin ng dng c kh nng to ra cc ng dng v cng
sng to v phong ph. Cc nh pht trin ng dng c t do s dng cc tnh nng
cao cp ca thit b phn cng nh: thng tin nh v a l, kh nng chy dch v di
nn, thit lp ng h bp thc, thm notification vo status bar ca mn hnh thit b
Ngi pht trin ng dng c php s dng y b API c dng trong cc
ng dng tch hp sn ca android. Kin trc ng dng ca Android c thit k nhm
mc ch n gin ha vic ti s dng cc component. Qua bt k ng dng no
cng c th cng b cc tnh nng m n mun chia s cho cc ng dng khc. Phng
php tng t cho php cc thnh phn c th c thay th bi ngi s dng
Tng ny bao gm mt tp cc services v cc thnh phn sau:

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Mt tp phong ph v c th m rng bao gm cc i tng View c dng

xy dng ng dng nh : list, gird, text box, button v thm ch l mt trnh duyt
web c th nhng vo ng dng
- Content Provider: Cho php cc ng dng c th truy xut dwux liu t cc ng
dng khc hoc chia s d liu ca chng.
- Resource Manager: cung cp kh nng truy xut cc ti nguyn non-code nh
hnh nh hoc file layout.
- Notification Manager: cung cp kh nng hin th custom alert trn thanh status
bar.
- Activity Manager: Gip qun l vng i ca mt ng dng
3.2.4.3 Library
Android bao gm mt tp hp cc th vin C/C++ c s dng bi nhiu thnh
phn khc nhau trong h thng android. Mt s cc thwu vin c bn c lit k di
y:
- System C library: mt th hin c xy dng t BSD ca b th vin h thng
C chun ( libc), c iu chnh ti u ha cho cc thit b chy trn nn
Linux.
- Media Libarary : B thwu vin h tr trnh din v ghi cc nh dng m thanh
v hnh nh ph bin
- Surface manager: Qun l hin rthij ni dung 2D v 3D
- LibWebCore : mt web browser engine hin i c swur dng trong trnh
duyt ca android ln trong trnh duyt nhng web view c s dng trong ng
dng.
- SGL: Engine h tr ha 2D
- 3D library: Mt th hin c xy dng da trn cc APIs ca OpenGL ES 1.0.
Nhng th vin ny s dng cc tng tc 3D bng phn cng ln phn mm ti
u ha hin th 3D.
- Free Type: Bitmap and vector font rending.
- SQLite: mt DBMS nh gn v mnh m
3.2.4.4 Android Runtime
H diu hnh android tch hp sn mt tp hp cc th vin ct li cung cp hu
ht cc chc nng c sn trong cc th vin li ca ngn ng lp trnh java. Mi ng
dng ca Android chy trn mt tin trnh ca ring n vi cng mt th hin ca my o
Dalvik. My o Dalvak thc t l mt bin th ca my o java c sa i b sung cc
cng ngh c trng ca thit b di ng. N c xy dng vi mc ch lm cho cc
thit b di ng c th chy nhiu my o mt cch hiu qu. Trc khi thc thi, bt k
ng dng no cng c convert thnh file thc thi vi nh dng nn Dalvik Executable
(.dex) . nh dng ny c thit k ph hp vi cc thit b hn ch v b nh cng nh
tc x l. Ngoi ra my o Dalvik swur dng b nhn Linux cung cp cc tnh
nng nh thread, low-level memory management .
3.2.4.5 Linux Kernel
H iu hnh Android c xy dng trn b nhn Linux 2.6 cho nhng dch v
h thng ct li nh: security, memory management, process management, network
-

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stack, driver model. B nhn ny lm nhim v nh mt lp trung gian kt ni phn cng

thit b v phn ng dng.

Hnh 3.19 : m hnh hp tc gia my o Dalvik v Navite code

JNI: Java Native Interface (Tng t khi nim Application Programming Interface).
Java Native Interface: l mt b framework cho php m lnh vit bng Java chy trn
my o java c th gi hoc c gi bi mt ng dng vit bng native code (ng dng
c vit cho mt phn cng c th v trn mt h iu hnh c th) hoc nhng b th
vin vit bng C, C++ hoc Assembly.
Bng cch s dng JNI, Android cho php cc ng dng chy trn my o Dalvik
c th s dng nhng phng thc c vit bng cc ngn ng cp thp nh: C, C++,
Assembly. Qua cc nh pht trin ng dng c th xy dng ng dng da trn cc b
th vin vit bng C, C++, Assembly nhm tng tc thc thi ca ng dng hoc s
dng nhng tnh nng mc thp m ngn ng Java khng h tr. Tuy nhin ngi pht
trin ng dng cn phi cn nhc s gia tng phc tp ca ng dng khi quyt nh s
dng cc b th vin ny.
3.2.5 Chu k ng dng trn andorid
Mt tin trnh Linux gi gn mt ng dng Android c to ra cho ng dng
khi codes cn c run v s cn chy cho n khi:
- N khng ph thuc.
- H thng cn ly li b nh m n chim gi cho cc ng dng khc. Mt s
khc thng v c tnh c bn ca Android l thi gian sng ca tin trnh ng dng
khng c iu khin trc tip bi chnh n. Thay vo , n c xc nh bi h
thng qua mt kt hp ca:
- Nhng phn ca ng dng m h thng bit ang chy
- Nhng phn quan trng nh th no i vi ngi dng
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Bao nhiu vng nh chim lnh trong h thng.

3.2.5.1 Chu k sng thnh phn
Cc thnh phn ng dng c mt chu k sng, tc l mi thnh phn t lc bt
u khi to v n thi im kt thc. Gia , i lc chng c th l active hoc
inactive, hoc l trong trng hp activies n c th visible hoc invisible
3.2.5.2 Activity Stack
Bn trong h thng cc activity c qun l nh mt activity stack. Khi mt
Activity mi c start, n c t nh ca stack v tr thnh activity ang chy
activity trc s bn di activity mi v s khng thy trong sut qu trnh activity
mi tn ti.
Nu ngi dng nhn nt Back th activity kt tip ca stack s di duyn ln v
tr thnh active.

Hnh 3.20: Activity Satck

3.2.5.3 Cc trng thi ca chu k sng

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Hnh 3.21: Chu k sng ca Activity

Mt Activity ch yu c 3 chu k chnh sau:
Active hoc running: Khi Activity l c chy trn mn hnh. Activity ny
tp trung vo nhng thao tc ca ngi dng trn ng dng.
Paused: Activity l c tm dng (paused) khi mt focus nhng ngi dng
vn trng thy. C ngha l mt Activity mi trn n nhng khng bao ph y
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mn hnh. Mt Activity tm dng l cn sng nhng c th b kt thc bi h thng

trong trng hp thiu vng nh.
Stopped: Nu n hon ton bao ph bi Activity khc. N vn cn trng thi v
thng tin thnh vin trong n. Ngi dng khng thy n v thng b loi b trong
trng hp h thng cn vng nh cho tc v khc.
3.2.5.4 Chu k sng ca ng dng
Trong mt ng dng Android c cha nhiu thnh phn v mi thnh phn u c mt
chu trnh sng ring. V ng dng ch c gi l kt thc khi tt c cc thnh phn
trong ng dng kt thc. Activity l mt thnh phn cho php ngi dng giao tip vi
ng dng. Tuy nhin, khi tt c cc Activity kt thc v ngi dng khng cn giao tip
c vi ng dng na nhng khng c ngha l ng dng kt thc. Bi v ngoi
Activity l thnh phn c kh nng tng tc ngi dng th cn c cc thnh phn
khng c kh nng tng tc vi ngi dng nh l Service, Broadcast receiver. C
ngha l nhng thnh phn khng tng tc ngi dng c th chy background di s
gim st ca h iu hnh cho n khi ngi dng t tt chng.
3.2.5.5 Cc s kin trong chu k sng ca ng dng
Nu mt Activity c tm dng hoc dng hn, h thng c th b thng tin khc ca
n t vng nh bi vic finish() (gi hm finish() ca n), hoc n gin git tin trnh
ca n. Khi n c hin th ln na vi ngi dng, n phi c hon ton restart v
phc hi li trng thi trc. Khi mt Activity chuyn qua chuyn li gia cc trng
thi, n phi bo vic chuyn ca n bng vic gi hm transition.
Tt c cc phng thc l nhng mc ni m bn c th override lm tng thich
cng vic trong ng dng khi thay i trng thi. Tt c cc Activity bt buc phi c
onCreate() khi to ng dng. Nhiu Activity s cng hin thc onPause() xc
nhn vic thay i d liu v mt khc chun b dng hot ng vi ngi dng.
3.2.5.6 Thi gian sng cu ng dng
By phng thc chuyn tip nh ngha trong chu k sng ca mt Activity. Thi gian
sng ca mt Activity din ra gia ln u tin gi onCreate() n trng thi cui cng
gi onDestroy(). Mt Activity khi to ton b trng thi ton cc trong onCreate(), v
gii phng cc ti nguyn ang tn ti trong onDestroy().
3.2.5.7 Thi gian hin th ca Activity
Visible lifetime ca mt activity din ra gia ln gi mt onStart() cho n khi gi
onStop(). Trong sut khong thi gian ny ngi dng c th thy activity trn mn
hnh, c ngha l n khng b foreground hoc ang tng tc vi ngi dng. Gia 2
phng thc ngi dng c th duy tr ti nguyn hin th activity n ngi dng.
3.2.5.8 Cc phng thc ca chu k sng
Phng thc: onCreate()
c gi khi activity ln u tin c to
y bn lm tt c cc ci t tnh (to cc view, kt ni d liu n list)
Phng thc ny gi qua mt i tngBundle cha ng t trng thi
trc ca Activity
Lun theo sau bi onStart()
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Phng thc: onRestart()

c gi sau khi activity c dng, ch mt khong ang khi ng
ln na (stared again)
Lun theo sau bi onStart()
Phng thc: onStart()
c gi trc khi mt activity visible vi ngi dng.
Theo sau bi onResume() nu activity n trng thi foreground hoc
onStop() n n tr nn n.
Phng thc: onResume()
c gi trc khi activity bt u tng tc vi ngi dng
Ti thi im ny activity trn dnh ca stack activity.
Lun theo sau bi onPause()
Phng thc: onPause()
c gi khi h thng ang resuming activity khc.
Phng thc ny l in hnh vic gi li khng i d liu.
N nn c din ra mt cch nhanh chng bi v activity k tip s khng
c resumed ngay cho n khi n tr li.
Theo sau bi onResume nu activity tr v t trc, hoc bi onStop nu
n tr nn visible vi ngi dng.
Trng thi ca activity c th b git bi h thng.
Phng thc: onStop()
c gi khi activity khng thuc tm nhn ca ngi dng.
N c th din ra bi v n ang b hy, hoc bi v activity khc va c
resumed v bao ph n.
c theo sau bi onRestart() nu activity ang li tng tc vi
ngi dng, hoc onDestroy() nu activity ang b.
Trng thi ca activity c th b git bi h thng.
Phng thc: onDestroy()
c gi trc khi activity b hy.
l ln gi cui cng m activity ny c nhn.
N c gi khc bi v activity ang hon thnh, hoc bi v h thng tm
thi b hy dit tit kim vng nh.
Bn c th phn bit gia 2 kch bn vi phng isFinshing().
Trng thi ca activity c th c git bi h thng.

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CHNG 4 : THIT K M HNH XE IU

KHIN
4.1 PHN TCH V XC NH YU CU
Mc ch ca ti l thc hin kt ni v trao i d liu gia ng dng trn h
iu hnh android v vi iu khin x l trn xe. H thng cho php ngi dng c th
iu khin thit b bng Mobile android qua Bluetooth
Yu cu t ra:
- ng dng trn Mobile Android :
+ Thc hin gi d liu thng qua sng Bluetooth
+ ng dng c giao din thn thin, d s dng
+ ng dng hot ng n nh
- Thit b phn cng :
+ Nhn gi tr t module Bluetooth, x l v xut ra driver ng c iu khin
xe
+ Driver c nhim v iu khin 2 ng c DC thc hin cc thao tc di chuyn
c bn.
+ xe hot ng n nh
4.2 XY DNG H THNG
4.2.1 ng dng trn Android
Lu thut ton

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Hnh 4.1 Lu thut ton trn Android

Hnh nh ng dng :

Hnh 4.2 icon ng dng

Hnh 4.3 Giao din iu khin

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Hnh 4.4 Thng tin ng dng

4.2.2 Thit k phn cng
S khi tng qut

Hnh 4.5 D tm thit b

Hnh 4.6 S khi tng qut

4.2.2.1 Khi x l
Mch x l s dng vi iu khin Atmega8 ca hng Atmel. C nhim v nhn
tn hiu t modul Bluetooth, x l v xut d liu cho modul Driver ng c.
Khi qu v Atmega8
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Tc ti a : 16MHz
Dung lng b nh chng trnh : 8Kb
B nh EEPROM : 512 Byte
Dung lng b nh RAM : 1Kb
B nh chng trnh c kh nng ghi 10.000 ln, b nh EEPROM c th ghi
100.000 ln. H tr bootloader, c kh nng t ghi vo b nh chng trnh, cp
nht chng trnh cho chip m khng cn mch np.
- Timer 8bit: 2
- Timer 16bit: 1
- ADC: 6 knh, 10bit
- Giao tip: I2C, UART, SPI
- in p hot ng : 2.7V-5.5V ( Atmega8L), 4.5V-5.5V( Atmega8)
S chn
-

Hnh 4.7: S chn Atmega8

-Mch nguyn l

Hnh 4.8: S nguyn l mch Atmega8

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4.2.2.2 Khi ngun

Mch s dng ngun Acquy 6V cp cho 2 ng c DC v t ngun Acquy 6V qua IC
n p LM7805 cp ngun 5V cho mch

Hnh 4.9: Mch ngun

4.2.2.3 Mch driver ng c
- IC L298 : l mt IC tch hp nguyn khi gm 2 mch cu H bn trong. Vi in p
lm tng cng sut u ra t 5V-47V, dng ln n 4A, L298 rt ph hp trong nhng
ng dng cng sut nh nh ng c DC,

Hnh 4.10 : S chn IC L298

+ 4 chn INPUT : IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4 c ni ln lt vi cc chn 5,7,10,12
ca L298. y l cc chn nhn tn hiu iu khin
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+ 4 chn OUTPUT: OUT1, OU2, OUT3, OUT4 c ni vi cc chn 2,3,13,14

ca L298. Cc chn ny c ni vi ng c
+ hai chn ENA v ENB dng iu khin cc mch cu H trong L298. Nu
mc logic 1 th cho php mach cu H hot ng, nu mc logic 0 th mch cu H
khng hot ng
+ ENA=0: ng c khng hot ng
+ ENA=1:
Khi IN1=1, IN2=0 ng c quay thun
Khi IN1=0, IN2=1 ng c quay nghch
Tng t cho 2 chn cn li
S nguyn l IC L298

Hnh 4.11: S nguyn l IC L298

thc hin cc yu cu quay tri, quay phi, tin, li chng ta cn thm mch
logic tn dng ti a 2 cng PWM ca con Atmega8. y s dng cng
NOT ( 74HC04) v cng ANG ( 74HC08 )

Hnh 4.12: Mch logic dng 74HC04 v 74HC08

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Bng 3: M t trng thi hot ng ca xe

Trng DIR DIR PWM PWM 74HC04
thi
1
2
1
2
Tin 0
0
990
990
1Y:1
2Y:1
Li
1
1
990
990
1Y:0
2Y:0
Tri
0
0
250
750
1Y:1
2Y:1
Phi 0
0
750
250
1Y:1
2Y:1

74HC08

DC1

DC2

1Y:990-2Y:0
3Y:990-4Y:0
1Y:0-2Y:990
3Y:0-4Y:990
1Y:250-2Y:0
3Y:750-4Y:0
1Y:750-2Y:0
3Y:250-4Y:0

Quay thun
990
Quay nghch
990
Quay thun
250
Quay thun
750

Quay thun
990
Quay nghch
990
Quay thun
750
Quay thun
250

S nguyn l ton mch:

Hnh 4.13: S nguyn l ton mch

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4.2.3 Lp trnh Firmwave

Da vo bng m t cc trng thi hot ng ca xe ta c lu thut ton sau

Hnh 4.14: Lu thut ton cho Atmega8

4.2.4 Thit k xe
Xe c thit k nh hnh:

Hnh 4.15: M hnh xe

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CHNG 5: KT QU & HNG PHT TRIN

CA TI
5.1 NH GI KT QU THC HIN TI
ti XE IU KHIN T XA DNG ANDROID , l mt ti c tnh
dng cao, c th s dng cho nhiu bi ton thc t nh iu khin cc thit b trong nh,
gim st v iu khin cc thit b bo chy, bo ga, n nh nhit , Vic xy dng
thit b lin quan n nhiu mng kin thc.
Kt qu t c:
- Nm r c giao tip Bluetooth
- Tm hiu v h iu hnh android
- Thc hin vit ng dng trn Android
- Thc hin kt ni v trao i d liu gia Smartphone v Module Bluetooth
- Vit firmwave x l dng Atmega8
- Thit k mch driver cho ng c DC
Nhc im:
- Cha nh c a ch module Bluetooth vo in thoi nn mi ln kt ni phi
tin hnh d tm tn thi gian
- Cha kim sot c xe
- Xe thit k kh n gin, cha nhiu tnh nng
5.2 HNG PHT TRIN
ti t c mt s kt qu nht nh, song p ng cho mt bi ton thc
t cn cha tht ti u.
- Nghin cu h iu hnh thi gian thc tng kh nng x l, cng nh tnh
linh hot ca n
- Tch hp thm nhiu chc nng cho xe nh: truyn hnh nh, o nhit , m,
khong cch vt cn, o nghing
- Phn hi c cc s c v ng dng android

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. DKS Groups, Gio trnh vi iu khin AVR
2. Android Developer, http://developer.android.com/index.html
3. Droid Viet, http://www.droidviet.com/
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