HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VINTHNG C S TI THNH PH H CH MINH KHOA VIN THNG II

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP
CHUYN NGHNH: IN T-VIN THNG H: I HC CHNH QUY NIN KHA :2009-2014

ti: TM

HIU MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

FTTH TI CNG TY VNTT

Sinh vin thc hin: NGUYN V THNG MSSV:409160115 Lp: D09VTA2 Gio vin hng dn: TH.S NGUYN VN LNH

LI NI U
Cng vi xu hng pht trin ca th gii mng vin thng nc ta pht trin nhanh chng trong my nm gn y nh chin lc i thng vo hin i ha theo hng s ha , t ng ha a dch v. Vi t i mi nng ng sng to v c bc i thch hp trong giai on pht trin .S pht trin ca h tng c s thng tin l yu t quan trng thc y nn kinh t pht trin nng cao i sng x hi ca con ngi .Tha k nhng thnh tu ca cc nghnh cng nghip in t bn dn quang hc , cng ngh thng tin.. Nn Vin thng th gii cng nh trong nc c nhng bc tin nhy vt a i sng con ngi bc sang mt chng mi ..k nguyn ca thng tin. Nghnh vin thng ca Vit Nam t c nhng thnh cng bc u trong cng cuc hin i ha mng vin thng nh xy dng thnh cng nhng tuyn cp quang tc cao , phng thnh cng v tinh VINASALT .. Mng li vin thng l mt nghnh k thut thuc kt cu h tng ca nn kinh t quc dn vi chnh sch pht trin kinh t i tt n u , nhn thc c tm quan trng ca thng tin nn chng ta c nhng u t ng mc cho c s h tng , ng gp tch cc cho vic pht trin kinh t , x hi ca t nc , m bo an ninh quc phng , phng chng bo lt v gim nh thin tai . Trong vic nghin cu v xy dng mt mng cp ngy cng khoa hc v cu trc , hp l v t chc v tit kim chi ph l mt nhim v quan trng nng cao hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh p ng nhu cu hin ti v tng lai. Qua thi gian tm hiu thc t v mng vin thng ti cng ty VNTT cng vi s hng dn tn tnh ca thy Nguyn Vn Lnh v cc k s thuc phng iu Hnh thuc cng ty VNTT gip ti hon thnh cun thc tp tt nghip ny . Ni dung gm c 3 Chng : Chng I: Tm hiu cu trc mng truy nhp quang ti VNTT Chng II: Gii thiu cc thit b s dng trn mng truy nhp quang ti VNTT Chng III:Qu trnh lp t v bo dng mng FTTH ti VNTT

Mc d c gng rt nhiu tuy nhin do hn ch v thi gian v ti liu nghin cu cng vi nhng hn ch nht nh v kin thc ni dung ca cun thc tp tt nghip ny

chc chn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st .Rt mong nh c s ng gp chn thnh ca qu thy c cng cc bn.. Xin trn trng cm n

CHNG I: TM HIU MNG TRUY NHP QUANG TI VNTT

1.1.S tng th mng vin thng ti VNTT 1.2. Gii thiu : Ngy nay cng vi vic gia tng lin tc v dung lng mng , do nhng nhu cu cng vi s pht trin ca cc dch v mi , s pht trin mnh m ca internet hn na cc nh khai thc mng , cc t chc kinh doanh cn c mt mng tc cao c th trin khai dch v mi ca mnh n khch hng .H cng cn nhng mng tc cao dng kt ni gia cc vn phng trong cng mt t chc hay nhng cng ty , cc ta nh cc nh my mi nhau c th am bo cht lng vi giao dch thng mi.Si quang c nhng u im vt tri so vi cc loi dy kim loi khc nh suy hao thp , di thng rt rng , trng lng nh, kch tht nh , hon ton cch in , khng b can nhiu ca trng in t , xuyn m ca si quang khng ng k .. ni chung dng h thng thng tin si quang cht lng v kinh t hn so vi dng si kim loi vi cng dung lng v c ly. Cc mng trc y trin khai vi mc ch ch nhm p ng cho lu lng thoi do khi cc dch v mi ra i i hi cn c mt mng mi thch hp hn va p ng cho lu lng thoi ng thi vi cc dch v cng thm nh truyn data..Bn cnh vi phng thc thng tin si quang truyn dn im -im ch s dng mt knh bc sng trong si quang khng cn tha mn c yu cu bng thng ngy cng tng ca con ngi Sc p ca vic tng cht lng kt ni l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh dn n s ra i ca kt ni bng rng m c bit l s ra i FTTH.FTTH l cp quang n tn

nh cng nh cc h thng quang khc n c th truyn c v s thng tin nh thoi , hnh nh ,d liu.. vi hiu qu cao hn so vi dng cp ng truyn thng trong khi gi thnh th nh nhau . hiu su v vn ny ta s tm hiu cc cng ngh truy cp quan FTTx 1.3. Tng quan v mng FTTx: 1.3.1. Khi nim: FTTx( fiber to the x cp quang n im x): L khi nim chung v mng cung cp cc dch v bng rng trong cp thu bao kim loi c thay th dn bng cp quang . ty vo kh nng cp quang ha mng li m FTTx c phn thnh cc loi chnh nh sau : FTTH- Fiber to the home : cp quang n tn nh FTTB Fiber to the building : cp quang n ta nh FTTC Fiber to the curb FTTN fiber to the node : cp quang ti tng i trung tm FTTO fiber to the office : cp quang ti vn phng

1.3.2. Phn loi FTTX: Hin nay FTTx c nhiu phn loi khc nhau , mi cch u c lch s pht trin ca n . tuy nhin n gin ti xin mn php phn loi FTTx nh sau: + FTTx theo cu trc dng point to point : theo Phng n kt ni ny , t nh cung cp s dn mt ng cp quang n tn nh khch hng , ng quang ny s chuyn i ngc thnh tn hiu in v cung cp cho khch hng , ti n v VNTT lp thm mt switch layer 2 ti nh cung cp chuyn i thnh tn hiu quang cp cho khch hng . + FTTx theo cu trc dng point to multipoint : theo kin trc ny ti nh cung cp t mt thit b lm vic theo chun PON , cn gi l OLT , t OLT tn hiu quang s c chia ra thng qua cc b chia quang v n u khch hng ; thng thng OLT lm vic trn mt si quang v mt card lp t ti OLT s qun l khong 64 thu bao 1.3.3 Bn cht ca h thng FTTx: thc cht ca mng internet hin nay l mng ca cc my tnh , tc l cc my tnh kt ni vi nhau , n gin nht l mng LAN hin ti , tt nhin n cng c rt nhiu yu cu thm pht sinh khi ngi ta kt ni s lng ln cc my tnh vi nhau trn mt phm vi ln

Vic pht trin h thng internet cp quang hon ton da theo chun Ethernet hay IEEE 802.xx , ban u nh trn chng ti ni v cu hnh point to point cng da trn Ethernet v chun sau l PON cng l bin th s dng chun Ethernet. 1.4. Mng FTTH : 1.4.1 Mng truy nhp quang : Khi nim :mng truy cp cp quang l h thng cp thng tin si quang kt ni t nt chuyn mch/ im truy cp n nh thu bao . mng truy cp quang bao gm cc thnh phn nh t phi quang ODF ti cc trm vin thng , mng sng quang , ODF ngoi tri , cp quang chnh 24FO, ODF trong nh khch hng , cp quang thu bao 4FO v h thng cng b , ct in thoi. Nguyn tc t chc mng quang: Da trn nt truy cp dch v theo cng ngh AON,PON (SWITCH LAYER 2, OLT), phn vng ph thuc nt truy cp, cu trc mng truy cp mng truyn ti MAN-E, mng core DSLAM. cung cp dch v IPTV m bo cht lng n nh cn t chc phi cp mng truy cp cp ng theo cch phi cp trc tip phi cp mt cp, phi cp hai cp. Phi cp trc tip l im truy nhp dch v khch hng c ni vi nt truy nhp SW L2 ch qua mt ODF t trong nh khch hng ,thu bao kt ni v t phi quang thu bao ODF ti cc trm vin thng . s dng cho khu vc c mt thu bao nhiu thuc phm vi < 500m n khu vc nt truy nhp SW L2. Phi cp mt cp l im truy cp dch v khch hng c ni vi nt truy cp SW L2 (thit b t phng truyn dn) ch qua mt ODF indoor v mt ODF outdoor , cp quang chnh t t phn phi si quang ODF n t ODF outdoor n ODF indoor khch hng . S dng cho khu vc c mt thu bao nhiu thuc phm vi 5001500m n khu vc nt truy cp SW L2. Phi cp hai cp l im truy cp dch v khch hng c ni vi nt truy cp SW L2qua mt ODF outdoor cp 1 , mt ODF out door cp hai v n ODF indoor , cp quang chnh 24 FO t t phi si quang ODF n ODF outdoor cp 1 ,cp phi quang 24 FO t ODF outdoor cp 1 n ODF outdoor cp 2, cp quang thu bao 4FO t t

ODF outdoor cp 2 n ODF indoor . s dng cho khu vc c mt thu bao ang pht trin thuc phm vi >2000m

Cu trc c bn ca mng truy nhp FTTH

-DP Distribution Point)- im phn phi si quang. - AP(Access point )- im truy cp mng quang . -NT (Network Terminal ) thit b u cui mng.

Hnh 1.1: cu trc c bn ca FTTH

Mng cp quang thu bao (hay cn gi l ODN ) c xc nh trong phm vi ranh gii t giao tip si quang gia thit b ca nh cung cp dch v (v d nh thit b OLT , Switch) n thit b khch hng (ONU/ONT) . Mng quang thu bao c cu thnh bi cc thnh phn chnh nh sau : Cp quang gc (feeder cable ): xut pht t pha nh cung cp dch v ( hay cn gi l central office) ti im phn phi c gi l DP ( distribution Point). im phn phi si quang (DP): l im kt thuac ca on cp gc trn thc t trin khai im phn phi si quang thng c gi l mng xng quang ,hoc l cc t cp quang phi , u tin dng mng xng quang.

 Cp quang phi (Distribution Optical Cable): xut pht t im phi quang (DP) ti cc im truy nhp mng (AP Access Point) hay t cc im quang phi ti cc tp im quang . im truy cp mng (AP) : l im kt cui ca cc on cp quang phi . Trn thc t trin khai , im truy cp mng thng l cc tp im quang . Cp quang thu bao (Drop Cable) xut pht t cc im truy cp mng (AP) hay l t cc tp im quang n thu bao . H thng qun l mng quang ( FMS Fiber Management System) c s dng bo dng v x l s c . im qun l quang ( FMP Fiber Management Point) : d dng cho x l s c v pht hin t ng

FTTH ( Fiber to the Home) :

Cp quang n nh thu bao . Ko cp quang trc tip n nh thu bao . FTTH l mt cng ngh kt ni vin thng s dng cp quang t nh cung cp dch v ti a im ca khch hng ( vn phng , c quan , nh ). Cng ngh ca ng truyn c thit lp trn c s d liu c truyn qua tn hiu quang ( nh sng) trong si cp quang n thit b u cui ca khch hng , tn hiu c converter , bin i thnh tn hiu in , qua cp mng i vo broadband router . Nh , khch hng c th truy cp internet bng thit b ny qua c dy hoc khng dy. u im FTTH: Mt kt ni a dch v : Hin nay cng ngh FTTH ( Fiber-to-the-home ) l mng vin thng bng thng ng bng cp quang c ni n tn nh cung cp cc dch v tc cao nh in thoi,Internet tc cao ang c trin khai trn th gii . Khi dng cng ngh FTTH ng truyn dn hon ton bng cp quang n tn phong my ca ngi s dng .Cht lng truyn dn tn hiu bn b n nh khng b suy hao bi nhiu in t , thi tit hay chiu di si cp nh i vi ADSL . bo mt rt cao .vi ADSL , kh bng bo mt thp hn v c th b nh cp tn hiu trn ng dy , cn vi FTTH th hu nh khng th b nh cp tn hiu trn ng dy Vi cng ngh FTTH , nh cung cp dch v c th cung cp tc download ln n 10 Gigabit/giy, nhanh gp 2,5 ln so vi ADSL 2+ ( hin ch c th p ng 20 Megabit/giy).Tc truyn dn vi ADSL l khng cn bng , tc ti ln lun nh hn tc ti xung ( Bt i xng , Download > Upload ) v ti a 20Mbps. Cn

FTTH cho php cn bng , tc ti ln v ti xung nh nhau (i xng , download=upload ) v cho php ti a l 10 Gpbs, c th phc v mt lc hng trm my tnh . FTTH c bit hiu qu vi cc dch v : Hosting Server ring , VPN (mng ring o ), Truyn d liu , Game online , IPTV (truyn hnh tng tc ). VoD xem phim theo truyn ti d liu cao , c th nng cp ln bng thng ti 1Gbps, An ton d liu , n nh cao , khng b nh hng bi nhiu in , t trng. Xu hng tng lai : D kin FTTH s dn thay th ADSL trong tng lai gn mt khi bng thng ADSL khng sc cung cp ng thi cc dch v trc tuyn trong cng mt thi im . FTTH th cung cp mt IP tnh thch hp vi cc doanh nghip ,t chc trin khai d dng cc dch v trc tuyn nh IP camera , lu tr mail , truyn tc cao .. Tc upload ca FTTH vt qua nghng chun ADSL2+ (1Mbps) hin ti v c th ngang bng tc download .V vy thch hp vi vic truyn ti d liu theo chiu t trong mng khch hng ra ngoi internet. n nh v tui th cao hn dch v ADSL do khng b nh hng bi nhiu in, t trng; kh nng nng cp tc (download /upload ) d dng . Bn cnh cc ng dng nh ADSL c th cung cp Triple Play Service (d liu, truyn hnh , thoi), vi u th bng thng vt tri , FTTH sn sng cho cc ng dng i hi bng thng cao , c bit l truyn hnh phn gii cao (HDTV) yu cu bng thng ln n vi chc Mbps, trong khi ADSL khng p ng c . n nh ngang bng nh dch v internet thu knh ring Leased-line nhng chi ph thu bao hng thng thp hn vi chc ln . y s l mt gi dch v thch hp cho nhm cc khch hng c nhu cu s dng cao hn ADSL v kinh t hn Leased-line. 1.4.2 Cc phng n trin khai FTTH : 1.4.2.1. Cng ngh mng im im ( Point to point):

Mng ny c thit k cung cp cc ng truyn ring n cc thu bao , mng ch s dng trong trng hp cu hnh v dung lng mng thp 1.4.2.2. Cng ngh mng PON PON ( Passive Optical Network): mng quang b ng ( nhng ni c mt thu bao nhiu hn 200) PON l kiu mng im - a im (P2M), Mi khch hng c kt ni ti mng quang thng qua mt b chia quang th ng, v vy khng c cc thit b mng ch ng trong mng phn chia v bng thng c chia s nhnh (feeder) n ngi dng (Drop). Tn hiu download c broadcast ti cc h gia nh , tn hiu ny c m ha trnh vic xem trm. Tn hiu upload c kt hp bng vic s dng giao thc a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA). OLT s iu khin cc ONU s dng cc khe thi gian cho vic s dng Uplink .u im ca PON l n s dng cc splitter khng cn cp ngun , c gi thnh r v c th t bt k u , khng ph thuc vo cc iu kin mi trng , khng phi cung cp nng lng cho cc thit b gia phng my trung tm v pha ngi dng. Ngoi ra , u im ny cn gip cc nh khai thc gim c chi ph bo dng vn hnh . Kin trc PON cho php gim chi ph cp si quang v gim chi ph cho thit b ti CO do n cho php nhiu ngi dng chia s chung mt si quang .

Hnh 1.2 : kin trc mng PON

GE

MAN-E CES CES

GE

Cp quang

D yT

Bq ua ng

yT D ng ua Bq

Cp quang

BRAS

OLT

AP/Splitter

AP/Splitter
Bq ua ng

Hnh 1.3 : S u ni tng qut cc thu bao FTTx trn nn GPON

D yT

Cc module tch cc trong mng bao gm thit b u cui ng dy quang

(OLT)

t ti CO v mt thit b u cui mng quang (ONT) hoc mt n v mng quang (ONU) ti u xa ca mng. Trong hnh 1.2 mt ONT c dng khi dy quang m rng n tn nh khch hng, trong khi ONU c dng khi thit b u cui si quang c t trong mt t vin thng gn mt cm dn c hoc cc cng ty. Cc kt ni t ONU n nh khch hng c th bng cc phng tin khc nh cp ng trc hoc i dy xon. Trong mt vi trng hp ta c th tit kim chi ph nu chy mt dy si quang t splitter chnh n cc cluster a phng bao gm cc nh v cng ty nh trong mt vng ln cn. Trong trng hp ny, mt spliiter quang nh c t ti im kt thc ca si quang v sau cc kt ni ngn t n cc user. Thut ng mng quang phn phi (ODN) cp n tt c si quang v cc b chia quang th ng hoc cc b ghp nm gia OLT v cc ONT v ONU. Cc module tch cc trong mng bao gm thit b u cui ng dy quang (OLT) t ti CO v mt thit b u cui mng quang (ONT) hoc mt n v mng quang (ONU) ti u xa ca mng. Trong hnh 1.2, mt ONT c dng khi dy quang m rng n tn nh khch hng, trong khi ONU c dng khi thit b u cui si quang c t trong mt t vin thng gn mt cm dn c hoc cc cng ty. Cc kt ni t ONU n nh khch hng c th bng cc phng tin khc nh cp ng trc hoc i dy xon. Trong mt vi trng hp ta c th tit kim chi ph nu chy mt dy si quang t splitter chnh n cc cluster a phng bao gm cc nh v cng ty nh trong mt vng ln cn. Trong trng hp ny, mt spliiter quang nh c t ti im kt thc ca si quang v sau cc kt ni ngn t n cc user.

Thut ng mng quang phn phi (ODN) cp n tt c si quang v cc b chia quang th ng hoc cc b ghp nm gia OLT v cc ONT v ONU. Cc thit b PON tch cc : OLT: OLT c t ti CO v iu khin lung thng tin theo hai hng qua ODN. Mt OLT nn c kh nng h tr khong cch truyn xuyn qua ODN ln n 20km. Trong lung xung, OLT broadcast tt c thng tin cho cc ONU theo ghp knh TDM, trong khi lung ln, cc thng tin t cc ONU c ghp knh theo TDMA v gi cho OLT. Mt OLT thc t c thit k iu khin nhiu hn 1 PON.Trong thc t OLT c t ti CO, ni c mi trng kh n nh so vi ca ONT, thng c t ti mt t ngoi tri hoc gn vo cc ta nh.Tuy nhin, mt ONT cng c th t trong mt mi trng trong nh tt hn. Trong mng PON, lu lng thoi v data s dng bc sng 1490nm cho lung xung, lu lng video s dng bc sng 1550nm.Lung ln ca voice v data s dng bc sng 1310nm. Cc b ghp WDM th ng thc hin vic ghp cc bc sng v chia theo chc nng. Da vo chun mng PON thc t ang s dng, thit b lung xung v lung ln hot ng ti 155Mbps, 622Mbps, 1.25 Gbps, hoc 2.5 Gbps. Trong mt vi trng hp tc truyn lung ln v xung l nh nhau (symmetric), trong mt s chun PON khc tc lung ln ln hn tc lung ln, c gi l asymmetric (bt i xng). Mt s kiu truyn khc nhau c th dng cho lung xung video bc sng 1550nm.
ONT :

ONT l mt thit b thu bao n l c t ti nh khch hng nhm mc ch cung cp mt kt ni quang n PON trn lung ln v giao tip in i vi thit b khch hng pha cn li. Da trn cc thit b giao tip ca khch hng hoc nhm ngi dng, ONT h tr mt hn hp cc dch v, bao gm cc tc ethernet khc

nhau, T1 hoc E1 (1.544 hoc 2.048 Mbps), DS3 hoc E3 (44.736 hoc 34.368 Mbps), ATM (155Mbps) v cc dng video s hoc tng t. ONU: Mt ONU thng c t trong cc t ngoi tri, vi s thay i nhit rt ln v mi trng khc nghit. T ng cc ONU phi chng vo nc, chng n mn v cc cn gi ln. Thm vo , c mt ngun bn trong vn hnh cc thit b.cng vi 1 ngun pin d tr. Kt ni t ONU n khch hng c th s dng i dy xon, cp ng trc, hoc 1 dy si quang, hoc khng dy. u im v nhc im cu mng PON u im : Bng thng rng , thun tin cho vic cung cp thm cc dch v mi. Gim bt c lng cp ko n khch hng. Li im khi trin khai ti khu vc c mt thu bao cao nhm gim bt gi thnh u t thit b y cng l cng ngh c s dng ch yu ti cng ty . Nhc im : Khong cch phc v c th p ng ti a l 20km Mt thi gian v phi u t mng truy nhp quang , la chn im t b chia m bo hiu sut s dng cng ca OLT. Khng ph hp vi nhng a im mt thu bao thp v lc chi ph u t s rt ln . Bng thng kt ni t OLT ti khch hng s b chia s 1.4.2.3 Mng quang ch ng AON ( Active Optical Network ) : Gii thiu : L kiu kin trc mng truyn dn quang m ti cc im mng (node) c cha cc thit b cn s dng ngun in nh Switch , MUX ( Multiplexer). Tn hiu khi i qua cc node c bin i t quang sang in v ngc li , ri mi chuyn tip i . Vic chuyn i ny lm nh hng n tc truyn d liu .Tuy nhin nh b m

(cache) ca cc thit b chuyn mch m qu trnh chuyn mch ca d liu c hn ch xung t. Vic xy dng AON da trn cc chun cng ngh Ethernet c gi l mng Metro Ethernet Network (MEN), hay cn gi l MAN-E (Metropolitan Access Network Ethernet ) hay E-MAN . cu trc MAN-E gm cc Switch c kt ni vi nhau theo m hnh phn lp : Lp trc chnh Lp tp hp Lp truy nhp . Lp trc chnh (Core layer) gm cc thit b chuyn mch rt thng minh c chc nng x l nhanh nhy mt s lng ln cc gi tin . Lp tp hp ( Aggregation layer ) l lp trung gian c th cung cp cc kt ni trc tip hoc tp hp lu lng t lp truy cp v chuyn tip ln lp trc chnh Lp truy nhp (Access layer ) l lp cung cp cc kt ni trc tip n khch hng . tp hp lu lng t cc thit b ca khch hng chuyn ti ln mng trc . thit b thng bao gm cc Switch layer 2 c cc giao din in fast Ethernet, giga Ethernet u v nhc im u im : Khong cch phc v ln : c th p ng ln ti 50km. Bng thng t Switch L2/DSLAM ti khch hng ln n Gbps, khng b chia s , rt ph hp cho cc kt ni im - im Trin khai nhanh do tn dng h tng mng hin c Nhc im : Tn cp v kt ni im im cho tng khch hng (P2P) Gp kh khn khi cp ngun cho cc thit b xa (Switch , DSLAM..) S lng giao din FE/GE trn L2 Switch v DSLAM nh , do cn u t nhiu thit b vi nhng a im c mt thu bao cao . Card Ethernet kt ni t DSLAM ti thu bao cn mt s hn ch : Kh nng h tr multicast v kh nng tng thch vi cc loi CPE

MNG TRUY NHP QUANG FTTH

AON Active optical Network

Hnh 1.3 : FTTH theo cng ngh AON

1.4.3. M hnh cung cp mng FTTH ti n v thc tp VNPT

Hnh 1.4 : m hnh FTTH VNTT

Ch thch: BRAS ( Broadband Remote Access Server ) l thit b ni vi DSLAM hoc RADIUS B giao thc PPP/PPoE : c s dng thit lp kt ni gia Modem vi mng internet , kt qu l modem c BRAS cung cp cho a ch IP public dng truy cp internet

CHNG II: CC THIT B S DNG TRN MNG TRUY NHP TI VNTT

Cc thit b trong truy nhp quang FTTH c chia thnh 3 loi : thit b t nh cung cp, thit b c s dng ti nh khch hng v cc thit b i km tc n c s dng c nh cung cp v khch hng (nh dy nhy , b chuyn i quang in ..). 2.1 Thit b t nh cung cp : SWITCH JUNIPER EX3200 Thuc dng sn phm Switch L2 cht lng cao dng cho nh cung cp dch v . JUNIPER EX3200 : c thit k dng cho ng dng FTTx vi nhiu tnh nng hay v mm do trong khai thc cu hnh cho php p ng cc nhu cu v ng dng trong mng bng rng FTTx. Dng sn phm chuyn mch EX3200 series l cc sn phm Ethernet cu hnh c nh mng li mt gii php c lp , n gin , cc b chuyn mch EX 3200 c cc ty chn 24 v 48 cng v c h tr kt ni quang hc Giao din qun l Web-base gip ngi dng khai thc d dng v thn thin , tin li mi lc mi ni .Kt hp vi h thng bo mt SSH, SNMP,Telnet CLI gip ngi dng c nhiu phng tin khai thc v vn hnh thit b mt cch d dng . c im thit b : s dng h iu hnh JUNOS , DRAM 512MB,Flash 1GB, CPU 600MHz powerPC CPU Mt cng cho mi h thng:48 ( 48 hostport hoc 44 hostport + 4 port GbE uplink module)

GbE SFP optic/ connector type : RJ-45 hoc l cp LC SFP h tr 1000BASE_T SFP, SX (multimode, LX (single mode ) hoc LH/ZX (single-mode).

Hnh 2.1 SWITCH EX3200 ca JUNIPER 2.2 Thit b pha khch hng v mt s thit b i km 2.2.1 Cp quang trong nh FTTH : Chng c lc ko cng vi ng knh nh .

c bit vi kh nng t b b gp ca si quang cung cp bng thng cao v tnh truyn dn thng tin tuyt vi . Thit k c rnh , d dng bc tch v hng ni , lm n gin vic lp t v bo tr Vi mt mt lp v bc bng hp cht lm chm s chng chy v chng b nhiu tn hiu . 2.2.2. Dy nhy quang : Dy nhy quang hai u chun SC/PC-SC/PC, FC/PC-FC/PC, LC/PC-LC/PC, ST/PCST/PC , loi cp Multil-mode v Singgle-mode , chiu di khc nhau.

Hnh 2.3 Dy nhy quang n mode(tri) v a mode(phi) 2.2.3. B chuyn i quang in (converter): Bc chuyn i quang in WDM MODEL 1200SS 10/100M l thit b thu pht v chuyn i qua li gia tn hiu quang v tn hiu in vi mt cng quang 100BASETX. N c dng truyn ti v m rng h thng mng vi khong cch t 100m n 100km . B chuyn i quang in c s dng trong mng Ethernet din rng , nh s kt ni gia cc phng thit b chung trong h thng mng MAN. Khng cn cu hnh

cho Switch hay ci t cho thit b , n c kh nng thch ng vi h thng .B chuyn i quang in c tch hp b chng st hin i , m bo an ton cho h thng.

Hnh 2.4 : thit b media converter

2.2.4. Modem quang: Modem quang thng c s dng i vi cc yu cu truyn dn dung lng nh , thng l ti mc mng truy nhp .Cc thit b ny hot ng nh l mt thit b ghp knh u cui quang , chuyn i tn in sang quang v ngc li.

Hnh 2.5 : modem quang Dlink dng ti n v

2.2.5 Card Lan quang : Model : card LAN quang 100M FHC-7100-s. FHC-7100 card iu hp giao din quang tuyn PCI c thit k iu khin 100Mbps v cung cp mt lng mng 200Mbps ch song cng hon ton. N cung cp mt di cc ty chn , chng hn nh si quang , kiu u ni v bc song hot ng , khong cch , p ng yu cu ca cc ng dng khc nhau . 2.2.6 T phi quang : T phi quang treo ngoi tri l thit b dng ch yu cho cc kt ni quang ngoi tri . Chng qun l v bo v cc im u ni quang nh mi hn quang, dy hn ni quang, u ni quang (adapter), dy nhy quang , mt s thit b i km nh b chia quang , b chuyn i quang in . N c th c dng treo trn tng , treo trn ct, dng trong nh hoc ngoi tri.

Hnh 2.6 : T phi quang ti n v

2.2.7. Dy ni quang: Loi dy ni cp quang FC/PC l mt trong nhng sn phm bn chy nht trn th trng dy ni .hu ht cc n v vin thng vn ang s dng loi u ny. 2.2.8. Cc loi u giao tip quang:

u giao tip quang l ni giao tip gia mt u ni dy ni quang v mt u ni ca dy nhy quang .Hay cn gi l Adapter (dng u c l cm u m ) c nhiu chun khc nhau theo yu cu : u 1D FC-FC (u trn vn ren tit din trn ) u FC/PC (u trn vn ren tit din vung ), u SC/PC (u vung ln dng cm phch), LC/PC u vung nh - dng cm phch ), u ST/PC (u trn gi ),.. ngoi ra cn nhiu dng u nh Simplex (u n thng dng) Duplex (u kp).

Hnh 2.7 : mt s loi u giao tip quang ti VNTT

2.2.9. Mng sng cp quang : Mng sng cp quang dng loi mng sng c kh hai mnh .Dng ni cp vi nhau

Hnh 2.9 : Mng sng quang

2.3 ng dng cc thit b trn FTTH thc t

Nguyn l hot ng: T thit b cng chuyn qua SW L2 . Qua thit b chuyn i quang in Media Converter- ty c ly khong cch u cui (thng thng 20 Km). T thit b quang in dng dy nhy quang ra u nhy t Converter vo cc ODF2022-24p/24 FO .T ODF 2022 hn n cp quang ngoi ng 24 FO chy outdoor ( c th dng mng song ni cp khi cn ).

Khi cp 24FO chy n khu khch hng c th , chng ta s dng hp ODF outdoor 24FO (kt ni) t hp ODF outdoor 24 FO ny phn chia ra cc thu bao quang (chy bng cp quang Dropwire 24 FO cn d phng ). Cp quang 4 FO chy vo nh khch hng n hp ODFTKW4FC /4 FO trong nh t hp ODF ny ni vo thit b chuyn i quang in (dng ngun AC) T thit b ny chuyn qua cng WAN ca Router cn bng ti ty thuc vo khch hng

CHNG III: QU TRNH LP T V BO DNG MNG CP QUANG

3.1. Qu trnh lp t 3.1.1 Nhng quy nh chung: Thi cng xy dng tuyn thng tin cp quang phi tun theo ng n thit k c ph chun v nhng tiu chun k thut , quy phm , quy chun xy dng , quy trnh thi cng. Khi cha c n thit k chnh thc c cp c thm quyn ph chun , nht thit khng c khi cng xy dng mt cng trnh . Ch u t cn t chc bn giao mt bng thi cng v tuyn thi cng gia cc bn : ch u t , n v thi cng , v cc n v khc c lin quan n v thi cng khng c t sa i thit k. Cc vt liu s dng trong cng trnh phi tun th theo tng quy nh trong thit k .Trng hp cn thay i vt liu khc vi n thit k phi c s ng ca cp c thm quyn.

 Tt c cc loi vt liu trc khi em dng vo cng trnh phi c nghim thu v cht lng v s lng. Vt liu , thit b . dng c a ra hin trng thi cng phi c kho bo qun v phn cng ngi qun l theo ng trnh t quy phm v bo qun vt t. Phi o kim tra cp trc v sau khi thi cng . Kim tra cc hn mc cn thit khc ca tuyn cp. Lc ko cp khng c ln hn khi lng ca 1km cp. Bn knh cong phi nh hn bn knh cong cho php ca cp (ln hn 20 ln ng knh cp ). Khi thi cng cn phi c phng n m bo an ton cng trnh , an ton lao ng , ch bo v ti sn ca nhn dn v ca nh nc ti nhng ni ng cp i qua. Khi xy dng tuyn mi gn tuyn c ang s dng hoc sa cha , lp t thm cp trn tuyn ang s dng phi lin h cht ch vi cc c s bu in a phng , chnh quyn a phng v cc c quan hu quan. Vic thi cng phi nhanh, gn , m bo an ton giao thng v m bo v sinh mi trng sinh thi . Phi nh du tuyn cp , s cp , n v s dng bng cc ct mc , bin bo, c ba b cp cn c mt bin bo . ngoi ra cn bo hiu nhng ni cp i hng , qua ng , qua cu v qua cc cng trnh khc. 3.1.2 Quy trnh lp t cp treo : 3.1.2.1. o h: Trc khi o h phi o li v tr cc mc . H ct phi ng quy cch thit k. o h phi li cc mc d kim tra theo di. Khi o h , t c em ln cn pha ngc vi pha dng ct . t phi cch xa ming h khong 20 cm. H o trong ngy cn dng ct ngay. H dy co (h chn trng )phi c o dch ra ngoi ct mc, theo hng ca dy co (hng ca chn chng) mt khong ty theo su ca mng dy co (mng chn chng) v ty theo t s L/H ca ct .o thm mt mng xin cng dy co cho tht thng , lp dy co ( lp chn chng ) ng hng chu lc . Trong : L l khong cch dy chn co , chn chng n chn ct . H l cao ct.

 Khi o h cho ct v dy co pha ng ci thng c ngi qua li , trong trng hp o xong cha kp dng ct , chn dy co hoc chn chng th phi y vn, lm bo hiu ch dn ngn nga tai nn

3.1.2.2. Lp t dy co : Cng dy co cn m bo ng t s L/H trog thit k. Cng dy co ct gc v ct u cui phi mbo ng ngn ct . Dy co phi nm trn ng phn gic ca gc hp thnh bi hai pha ca cp theo chiu ngc vi lc cng ca cp . Cc mi qun buc phi chc chn , gn v p . Dy co t ngn n gc thng , khng gy gp . B phn dy co qun vo ct , b phn qun buc bng dy st , b phn dy co t qun , b phn lp thm vo m dy co u phi sn chng r . B phn dy co chon di t v b phn tri ln khi mt t 30 cm tr xung phi c bin php chng r. Khi qun buc dy co nn dng dy st mm qun buc hoc c th dng cch t qun . Phi m bo k thut mi qun buc. Trng hp trn ct c hai dy co cng hng th ch ni lin gia thn ca hai dy co v chn dy co phi dng vng m dy co ring bit. Khi chn dy co phi o mt rnh xin t y h ln n ch cc mc dy co lm cho chn dy co ni vi than dy co nm trn mt ng thng , chiu di tri ln khi mt t nn ly l 20 30 cm. 3.1.2.3. Lp t cp : Vic m bo an ton trong khi lp t phi c tnh n trc khi lp t cp . Phi tun th y cng tc chun b lp t cp quang treo: Dn quang mt bng thi cng . Lp rng rc trn ct. Lp t ti ko c trang b cu ch ngt . Treo dy ko . Lm u ko . Ko cp : tc ko phi nh hn 20m/pht. Cng cp : Kim x l xon cp . Dng ti iu chnh cng ca dy treo .

 iu chnh vng ca cp treo thit k Khi kp dy treo dng dng c iu chnh tng dy tr gip kp dy treo . Mng song cp , cp d tr c treo trc tip vo ct . Phi lp bin bo hiu ti nhng ch cn thit , ngoi ra c bit ch ni qua ng , qua cu , qua cc cng trnh khc.. Trong trng hp lp t qua song m ly , a hnh phc tp .. cp quang c treo trn dy gia cng chu lc . iu ny i hi phi c h thng rng rc c t trn mi u ct v dc theo ng dy gia cng treo cp . Ti ko cp c xu qua h thng ny v ni vi cp. Dng ti c cu ch ko cp ko cp t cun cp qua khong cch gia cc ct. 3.1.2.4: Cc trng hp treo cp c bit: Cp quang treo chung vi ng dy in lc . V khong ct ca in lc di hn khong ct ca bu in , khi thi cng cp quang trong trng hp phi p dng theo khong ct di v ct vt . Khi thi cng cp quang cng ng dy in lc phi ch tnh ton di cun cp ph hp vi khong ct , trnh trng hp phi ni cp khong gia hai ct , chn cp thi cng theo thit k . Trc khi thi cng phi lin h cht ch vi c quan qun l ng dy in lc , phi ct in v c bo hiu thi cng tuyn cp quang , ng k thi gian lm vic hng ngy v khong thi gian thi cng . i vi cp quang lp t qua cu , cp phi c t trn mng cp hoc trong ng st bo v . Phi tnh ton sao cho khng c mi ni trn cu .sau khi lp t xong phi vit k hiu nh du CAP QUANG.

3.1.3. Quy trnh lp t cp chon trc tip : Vic o rnh cn c thc hin theo quy nh v rnh chon v ph hp vi thit k. Trc khi t cp phi lt y rnh mt lp ct hoc t vn dy 10cm . Cn phi lm sch rnh cp trc khi lp t , c bit ch khng rc ri , g v cc thnh phn l thc n ca mi.

 Trc khi lp rnh cp ri tip ln trn mt lp ct , pha trn cp 30 cm trong cc trng hp bnh thng Phi t mc bo hiu ti nhng im theo thit k trn tuyn cp , ngoi ra ch t thm biu bo hiu ti ni c nhiu phng tin i li, qua sng , qua , qua ng 3.1.4.: Quy trnh lp t cp trong cng cp : Chun b dng c ko cp: Dy ti ko cp: dy ti dng ko cp hoc ng cp ph t trong ng ng chn sn phi l dy ti ko cp thch hp trnh lm t v ng cp . Ngoi ra dy ti phi m bo cc yu cu sau : - Mi mt mt phi c nh du xc nh chiu di. - Phi c bn ln hn lc cng c tnh ln nht. - Cc im ni dy ti ko cp v cp phi c khu li tng kh nng lin kt . - Phi c khp xoay gia dy ti ko cp v cp Rng rc : Rng rc s dng gim ma st phi c ng knh ln hn bn knh cong cho php ca cp. Ti ko cp: Ti ko cp chnh phi c trang b cu ch ko cp . Ti ko cp ph c t ti b cp tr gip ko cho ti ko cp chnh .Ti ko cp ph phi c kch tht ph hp vi b cp . R ko c an bng kim loi to thnh r li .R ko cp c gn vi mt khp xoay. Cc dng c cn thit khc nh : Kch cp , bao ti , phu .. Lp t h thng cng cp: kt cu cng cp khi thi cng phi c rng v su ng vi thit k , t o ln gn ming rnh phi m bo khng x xung rnh , khi o xong phi t ngay ng trnh b l t . Khong cch gia cc ng ,khong cch lp ng gn y rnh nht phi tun theo thit k. Khi vn chuyn phi ch : - Sn xe khng ngn hn chiu di ng. - Khng dng xe Ben t ng. - Khi bc xp phi c hai ngi , mi ngi mt u ng. Khi lu kho phi ch : - Xp ng theo chiu cao khng qu 1,75m. - Gi ng phi thng. Lp rp ng nha : Phi chun b y cc dng c lp ng bao gm : - Ca tay hoc ko ct ng.

- Gia - Bt khc kim loi . - Xng cng nhip - Nha gin. - Gi lau kh Ct ng bng ca tay hoc ko ct ng. Gt sch ba via, gia st mp ngoi. Lm sch bi du m bng gi kh sch (vi xng cng nghip). nh du phn ng s lp vo ph tng Xy dng b cp , h ni : Trc khi thi cng b cp , h ni ti ni c ngi qua li phi cng dy v lp cc bin bo .Thi cng xy dng b cp, h ni trn cc a hnh khc nhau phi theo thit k v quy hoch sau : o h theo su xc nh ty thuc vo su ca b cp , h ni cn xy dng . t o ln phi vn chuyn i ngay , nu kt cu t cn ng cc th phi ng cc vi su so vi y b l 1,2 m. Phi mt lp mng gch v , ct trc khi b tng. Cc tm b tong phi c c ng kch c va kht vi cc chi tit lp t B cp , h ni phi c xy ng quy cch , kch tht theo quy nh v cng b do nghnh quy nh . H ni cp phi rng cha cp h , phi c ch gi , t bo v mng sng cp. Lp t cp : Cht bi trn phi c cc im u ca ng , tt c cc v tr a cp vo , nhng v tr ko cp trung gian. Cc c tnh ca cht bi trn cp quang phi m bo l : - Thch ng vi nhit ngoi tri . - Chng chy - H s ma st thp (< 0,25). - Cht lng khng i trong qu trnh lp t. - Khng nh hng n v cp - c kim tra trc khi s dng. Trc khi lp t tt c cc b cp phi c kim tra m bo rng chng hon ton an ton v sch s. Chun b cp, dy ti ko cp , r ko cp , cu ch ko cp , ti ( my ko cp). Xc nh cc ng cp c s dng cho lp t. Phi m bo cc ng cp u sch s . Nu cn thit phi lm sch ng cp.

Nu trong ng cp c sn cp c , khi cn xc nh chng loi cp v ch s hu ca tuyn cp ny , phi bo cho ch s hu bit v hot ng lp t cp ang din ra v phi xc nh cc yu cu an ton cn thit. Phi gim st khng cp b un cong qu mc khi ko cp qua nhng khc cong. Phi t tt c cc thit b cn thit v tr thch hp. Nu cp c t vo trong ng cp ph th phi lp t ng cp ph trc , c th l : - nh v ti cho ng cp ph - Gn mt r ko cp c khp xoay vo bn trong v gn dy ti ko cp vo r ko cp . - Phi m bo tt c cc ti v rng rc s dng tt. - Trong qu trnh thao tc phi ch khng cho qun o , tay chn hay mt vt no khc vng vo b phn chuyn ng ca ti .Tt c mi ngi trong nhm thc hin cng vic phi c lin lc lin tc vi nhau bng cc thit b thng tin. - t ng ph bn trong ng cp chnh trc khi ko cp. - Khi ko ng cp ph phi s dng cp bi trn trong trng hp cn thit . S dng cc on ng c di ph hp trong trng hp cn thit . S dng cc on ng c di ph hp trong trng hp cn thit v sau ni nhng on ny vi nhau bng cc b ni ng cp . Cc dy ti ko cp cng c th c ni tng t . - nhng ni khng c kh nng ko bng tay th ta c th dng ti ko cc ng cp ph , nhng phi m bo an ton . - Ton b chiu di ca ng cp ph v dy ti ko cp c ni vi nhau to ra mt chiu di lin tc cho vic ko cp. - Phi cho ng cp ph d ra mt on m bo s co dn ca ng Phi gn r ko cp v khp xoay mt cch thch hp vo vi cp .Phi m bo r cp v khp xoay c th lp t d dng vo tt c cc loi ng chnh v ph Khng s dng vi dt thay cho si ko cp Ni dy ti ko cp v khp xoay phi m bo chn chn. Hiu chnh rng rc v trc ti cho ph hp . Cho cht bi trn vo u ng dn cp v vo tt c cc v tr yu cu c cht bi trn.

 Nu qu kh khn khi ko cp bng tay c th chuyn sang ko cp bng ti nhng vi tc chm .phi trnh git cc khi ko cp , phi lun lun gi lc cng ca cp di lc cng ti a cho php . Khi ti cp ra khi ti phi m bo cp khng b xon. Quay cun ti bng tay duy tr chng gia cun ti v ng dn cp . Trong qu trnh ko cp nu cu ch b t th phi kim tra tt nghn trn tuyn cp v c bin php x l kp thi , c th l: - Kim tra cc on cong m bo l khng b tt nghn , gp khc qu ln ,cc rng rc hot ng trn u . - Phi m bo ti cp trn - Phi a cht bi trn vo trc mi ch un. - Lm ngn tuyn cp cn ko .chuyn v tr ko ti v tr im gia ca tuyn v bt u ko li.ko ra khi b cp .S dng cch cun cp hnh s tm nm ngang gim xon ca cp. - Chn v tr bt u ko cp thch hp v ko cp qua phn cn li ca tuyn cp. - C th s dng mt ti ko cp th hai v tr trung gian h tr cho vic ko cp. - Cn phi ko cp c th cun khong t mt n hai ba vng xung quang ti . - Lp thm cc rng rc b cp trung gian nu cn thit. - Phi m bo lin lc gia cc nhm ko ti. - Phi m bo cp d trn trc ti khi ko cp vo trong b cp t nht l 3m. - Cun ti trung gian cn phi ko cp ng thi vi cun ti chnh trong khi vn duy tr c vng cn thit. - Khi cp chuyn hng th thc hin xp gt cp hnh s tm nm ngang. Phn cp qua b phi lun ng nha PVC hoc ng cao su bo v cp. Cp qua b khng c mi ni th khng cn d. Sau khi lp t cp xong phi dng my o kim tra si m bo rng cp khng b h hi trong qu trnh ko. 3.1.5 Quy trnh lp t cp trong hm cp: Trong hm cp c sn cp c th phi xc nh chng loi v ch s hu ca tuyn cp ny , phi bo cho ch s hu bit v hot ng lp t cp ang din ra v phi xc nh yu cu an ton cn thit . Ti nhng hm ln khi thi cng lp t phi c bin php cnh gii v ng k gi lm vic m bo an ton cn thit.

 Phi t tt c cc thit b phc v lp t v tr ph hp. Gim st cht ch vic ko cp ti cc on cong, phi m bo l cp khng b nghn , khng b un cong qu bn knh cong ch nh nht cho php ca cp, cp khng b xon, cc rng rc hot ng trn u .Nu b tt nghn th thc hin : Lm ngn tuyn cp cn ko , chuyn v tr ko ti im gia ca tuyn v bt u ko li. 3.1.6 Quy trnh lp t cp trong nh: 3.1.6.1 yu cu k thut : Cp quang t trong nh phi c t trong ng , cc h thng cu cp.. Trc khi lp t , tt c cc im un phi m bo nhn trn. Nu cp khc t chng ln cp quang th phi dung thm ng bo v cp Khi lp t cp dng thng ng phi m bo trng lng ca cp khng c vt qu ti cng ln nht ca cp khi lp t . Cp i thng ng c kp ph tr ti cc im trung gian gim ti ko cng ca cp. Lc cng ca cp phi m bo nh hn trng lng 1 km cp. Khng c cp bin dng , bp trong bt c on no . Kp gi cp phi thng , nhn trnh nh hng n cp . Dy nhy cp cn c lun trong ng nha mm ti nhng v tr cn thit. Nu khng dng kp cp th c th s dng b treo cp ti cui cp v on trung gian dc theo phng i ln treo cp . B treo cp phi khng c lm bin dng cp.Ti ch treo cp c th tht cht cp trnh trng hp cp b trt ra ngoi . Trng hp c b treo cp c gn ln x , tng th phi m bo chc chn rng un cong ca cp khng vt qu quy nh. Tuyn cp nm ngang c treo ln trn nh , ng dn cp , cu cp.. u phi c dn ch CAP QUANG.

3.1.6.2 Lp t cp : Cp i trong nh lun c lp bng tay . Khi cp quang i cng vi loi cp khc hoc kh ko th cn phi c bi trn. Kim tra tt c cc hp x l cp, cc ng cha cp , cc cu cp..vv. m bo v tha mn yu cu k thut i vi cp v khng c yu cu tr ngi trong qu trnh thi cng. Phi m bo bn knh cong ca cp ln hn bn knh cong cho php ti tt c cc im. Phi cun cp trn sn trnh xon cp .

 Phi c d tr cp ti hp x l cp. 3.2 Hot ng qun l bo dng h thng FTTH tha mn nhu cu ca khch hng v p ng dch v cht lng cao .mng FTTH phi trin khai th tc hot ng qun l v bo dng ng tin cy . Th tc ny h tr vic tnh cc , bo mt , bo dng , cung cp v gim st hiu sut mng . N c th thc hin vic s dng cc chun hay dng c phn mm h thng h tr hot ng m rng trong h thng qun l mng. C nhiu chng trnh h tr hot ng c th cp quyn thng qua trnh duyt web v vic chn la cc ng dng rng ri , n cho php qun l mng cu hnh v iu khin hng tram phn t trong . Vic cung cp phn phi cc mc dch v cung cp v cu hnh khc nhau cho cc loi dch v thoi , d liu v video cho khch hng . Nh iu hnh mng cng nh c ch t ng cn xc nh nu thit b ti u cui khch hng c th cung cp cc dch v c yu cu .V d nh vic cung cp xc nh cc ONU c kh nng iu khin tc d liu ca mnh d c kh nng kt hp vi kim tra hay khng th n cng h tr hot ng t xa .iu ny th quan trng i vi nh cung cp dch v , vic qun l cc vn t xa c th ngn nga cc dch v chi ph t . Chc nng bo dng hay qun l li trnh cc li tim n v s gim st trong mng FTTH . Nu li xy ra , tin trnh bo dng cn xc nh v lm r cng nhanh cng tt tha mn nhu cu khch hng . Kh nng kt hp vi kim tra thay i thng tin trng thi gia ONU v OLT bao gm chc nng loop-back iu khin t xa pht hin li trn mch hay cp , thng k li ONU v thot khi ngun trong trng hp c s c ti ONU . Hnh 3.1 m t tn hiu iu khin trng thi mch vng , n c khi to OLT v truyn n ONU sau ONU bo co trng thi v truyn ngc v OLT . Vic bo co ny ch th mi th hot ng tt hay chng c th c dng xc nh nguyn nhn tc li bit cao.