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1
,
2
,
3
, ,
,
where
1
,
2
,
3
, ,
} in which each term differs from the previous one by the same
constant (common difference) is called arithmetic sequence.
=
The general term
+( )
The Sum (
} is called
arithmetic series and given by
) or
+ ( )]
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.
Solution
Using the formula
+ ( ) we have that
24
=
1
+ (24 1) =
172 80
23
=
92
23
= 4
Thus,
74
=
1
+(74 1) = 80 + (74 1)4 = 372
The general term is
= +( )
and the sum
[ + ( )]
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=
The general term
The Sum (
} is called
geometric series and given by
, || < 1 or
, || > 1
The Sum to infinity (
, || < 1
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.The information provided on this document is for educational purposes and its accuracy is not guaranteed. Content
contained on this document is the intellectual property of IBmaths4u.com
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Solution
Using the formula
we have that
4
=
1
41
32 =
1
3
(1)
7
=
1
71
256 =
1
6
(2)
Dividing the two equations we have
6
=
32
256
3
= 8 = 2
and 32 =
1
3
32 =
1
2
3
1
= 4
Thus,
10
=
1
1
= 4 2
101
= 2048
The general term is
and the sum
=
(
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=1
where is the index of summation taking values from 1 to .
Properties of Sigma Notation
(
) =
=1
=1
=1
=1
=1
=1
=
Useful formulas of Sigma Notation
=
=1
( +1)
2
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=1
=
( + 1)(2 + 1)
6
=1
=
2
( +1)
2
4
Binomial Theorem
( + )
=
=0
where
=
!
!()!
and ! is the product of the first n positive integers for 1
! = 1 2 3 and 0!=1
Example
Using the binomial theorem, expand (3 +1)
4
Solution
Using the formula
( + )
=
=0
we have that
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(3)
4
1
4
=
4
=0
4
0
(3)
40
+
4
1
(3)
41
+
4
2
(3)
42
+
4
3
(3)
43
+
4
4
(3)
44
=
4!
0!(40)!
81
4
+
4!
1!(41)!
27
3
+
+
4!
2!(42)!
9
2
+
4!
3!(43)!
3 +
4!
4!(44)!
= 81
4
+108
3
+ 54
2
+ 12 +1
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IBmaths4u.com
.The information provided on this document is for educational purposes and its accuracy is not guaranteed. Content
contained on this document is the intellectual property of IBmaths4u.com